Wikipedia
List of female fellows of the Royal Society
Fellowship of the Royal Society is open to scientists, engineers and technologists from the United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations, on the basis of having made "a substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science and medical science".[4] Election to the Fellowship is highly regarded and sought after, bringing prestige to both the individual academically and the institution the Fellow is associated with.[5] For scientists in the United Kingdom, the recognition is considered second only to being awarded the Nobel Prize.[6]
| Female fellows of the Royal Society | |
|---|---|
Female fellows of the Royal Society elected from 2014 to 2018 | |
| Awarded for | Contributions to the improvement of natural knowledge”[1] |
| Sponsored by | Royal Society |
| Date | 1945 |
| Location | London |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Total percentage of fellows | Since Kathleen Lonsdale and Marjory Stephenson in 1945, around 9% of fellows of the Royal Society are women[2][3] |
| Website | royalsociety |
While there was no explicit prohibition of women as Fellow of the Royal Society in its original charters and statutes, election to the fellowships was for much of the Society's history de facto closed to women. As a result of the dissolution of nunneries in connection with the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII, and female exclusion from schools and universities, the formal education of British girls and women was effectively non-existent throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. Women slowly gained admittance to learned societies in the UK starting in the 19th century, with the founding of the Zoological Society of London in 1829 and the Royal Entomological Society in 1833, both of which admitted women fellows from their inception.[7][8]
The first recorded question of women being admitted to the Royal Society occurred in 1900, when Marian Farquharson, the first female fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society, sent a letter to the Council of the Royal Society petitioning that "duly qualified women should have the advantage of full fellowship". In its reply, the Council stated that the question of women fellows "must depend on the interpretation to be placed upon the Royal Charters under which the Society has been governed for more than three hundred years".[7] When Hertha Ayrton was nominated for fellowship in 1902, her candidature was turned down on the basis that as a married woman she had no standing in law.[9] The Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 made it illegal for an incorporated society to refuse admission on the grounds of an individual's sex or marital status. While the Society acknowledged the provision of section 1 of the Act in 1925, in reply to a question originally put to them by the Women's Engineering Society three years prior, it was not until 1943 that another woman was nominated for fellowship. Kathleen Lonsdale and Marjory Stephenson were duly elected in 1945, after a postal vote amending the Society's statutes to explicitly allow women fellows.[7][8]
As of 2020[update], a total of 198 women have been elected fellows. Two women have been elected under the Society's former Statute 12 regulation and two Honorary Fellows for their service to the cause of science. Another four women, from the British Royal Family, have been either Royal Fellow or Patron of the Society. Thirty six more women have been elected as Foreign Members. Of the approximately 1,600 living fellows and foreign members in 2018, 8.5 per cent are women compared to 0.4% in 1945, according to a historical research project conducted by Aileen Fyfe and Camilla Mørk Røstvik.[3][10]
Fellows edit
Foreign members edit
Honorary and Statute 12 fellows edit
Between 1903 and 1996, Statute 12 of the Society permitted the council to elect someone who would not otherwise qualify for election under the normal criteria for "conspicuous service to the cause of science, or are such that their election would be of signal benefit to the Society". Statute 12 Fellows were replaced by the introduction of Honorary Fellows in 1997.[326]
| Year of election | Image | Fellow | Field(s) | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | Margaret Thatcher | Politics | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990) | [327] | |
| 1988 | Margaret Gowing | History of science | Delivered the Wilkins Lecture in 1976 | [328] | |
| 2007 | Onora O'Neill | Philosophy, politics | [329] | ||
| 2015 | Lisa Jardine | History | [330] | ||
| 2023 | Kate Bingham | [331] | |||
| Fiona Fox | [332] |
Royal fellows and patrons edit
Throughout its history, the Royal Society has elected a number of individuals to its Fellowship by virtue of their being a member of the nobility.[333] Such elections were restricted first in 1874 to princes and members of the Privy Council, and subsequently in 1903 to princes of the British Royal Family only.[326][334] This has since been relaxed to allow the election of any member of the British Royal Family.[335] Those elected by virtue of their royal blood or marriage are known as Royal Fellows.[336] From the beginning of the practice of British royal patronage in the 18th century,[337] the reigning monarch of Great Britain (and since 1801 that of the United Kingdom), starting with King George I,[338] has always served as patron of the Society.
| Year of election | Image | Fellow / Patron | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1838 | Queen Victoria | Never elected as a Royal Fellow, instead served as Patron of the Society after her reign began as Queen of the United Kingdom and later Empress of India | [339] | |
| 1947 | Queen Elizabeth II | Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms, and patron from 1952 | [340] | |
| 1956 | Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother | Queen consort of King George VI | [340] | |
| 1987 | Princess Anne | Princess Royal | [341] |
See also edit
References edit
- General
- "About elections". The Royal Society. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
- "Current Fellows". The Royal Society. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
- "Search past Fellows". The Royal Society. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
- Specific
- ^ "About elections". The Royal Society. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
- ^ Frith, Uta (2019). "Goodbye Diversity Committee". Royalsociety.org. Royal Society.
- ^ a b Fyfe, Aileen; Røstvik, Camilla Mørk (2018). "How female fellows fared at the Royal Society". Nature. 555 (7695): 159–161. Bibcode:2018Natur.555..159F. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-02746-z. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 29517005. S2CID 3738121.
- ^ "Election to the Fellowship of the Royal Society". The Royal Society. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ^ Ho, Peng Yoke (2005). Reminiscence of a roving scholar : science, humanities, and Joseph Needham. New Jersey: World Scientific Pub. Co. p. 168. ISBN 9789812565884.
- ^ "Double Royal Society success". Cardiff University. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
- ^ a b c Mason, J. (1 January 1995). "The Women Fellows' Jubilee". Notes and Records of the Royal Society. 49: 125–140. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1995.0009. S2CID 146357352.
- ^ a b Ferry, G. (14 July 2010). "The exception and the rule: women and the Royal Society 1945-2010". Notes and Records of the Royal Society. 64: S163–S172. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2010.0043. S2CID 74578967.
- ^ Joan Mason (September 2010). "Ayrton, (Phoebe) Sarah (1854–1923)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37136. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Fellowship of the Royal Society". The Royal Society. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
- ^ Hodgkin, D. M. C. (1 November 1975). "Kathleen Lonsdale. 28 January 1903 -- 1 April 1971". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 21: 447–484. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1975.0014. S2CID 73380010.
- ^ Gill Hudson (September 2010). "Lonsdale, Dame Kathleen (1903–1971)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31376. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Robertson, M. (1 November 1949). "Marjory Stephenson. 1885-1948". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 6 (18): 562–577. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1949.0013. S2CID 162259455.
- ^ Joan Mason (2004). "Stephenson, Marjory (1885–1948)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36280. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Thomas, H. H. (1 November 1960). "Agnes Arber. 1879-1960". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 6: 1–11. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1960.0021. S2CID 73081030.
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- ^ Fryer, G. (1 November 1980). "Sidnie Milana Manton. 4 May 1902-2 January 1979". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 26: 327–356. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1980.0010. S2CID 71552713.
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- ^ Vaughan, D. J. (1 December 1987). "Honor Bridget Fell. 22 May 1900-22 April 1986". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 33: 236–259. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1987.0009. PMID 11621435. S2CID 35363796.
- ^ Audrey Glauert (2004). "Fell, Dame Honor Bridget (1900–1986)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40011. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
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- ^ Christopher Bell (October 2007). "Vogt, Marthe Louise (1903–2003)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/56125. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Tata, J. R. (1 February 1994). "Rosalind Venetia Pitt-Rivers. 4 March 1907-14 January 1990". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 39: 326–348. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1994.0019. PMID 11639905.
- ^ Jamshed R. Tata (2004). "Rivers, Rosalind Venetia Lane Fox Pitt- (1907–1990)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/57570. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Northcote, D. H. (1 November 1991). "Helen Kemp Porter. 10 November 1899-7 December 1987". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 37: 400–409. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1991.0020.
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- ^ Beale, G. H. (1 November 1995). "Charlotte Auerbach. 14 May 1899-17 March 1994". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 41: 20–42. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1995.0002. S2CID 6892151.
- ^ Brian J. Kilbey (January 2008). "Auerbach, Charlotte (1899–1994)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/54719. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Bolton, T. B.; Brading, A. F. (1 November 1992). "Edith Bulbring. 27 December 1903-5 July 1990". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 38: 68–95. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1992.0004. PMID 11616219. S2CID 30858583.
- ^ A. F. Brading (2004). "Bülbring, Edith (1903–1990)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40043. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Goodwin, L. G.; Vickerman, K. (1 November 1992). "Ann Bishop. 19 December 1899-7 May 1990". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 38: 28–39. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1992.0002. PMID 11616217. S2CID 21848486.
- ^ L. G. Goodwin (2004). "Bishop, Ann (1899–1990)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40061. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Denton, D. A.; MacIntyre, I. (1 December 2006). "Sylvia Agnes Sophia Tait. 8 January 1917 -- 28 February 2003: Elected FRS 1959". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 52: 379–399. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2006.0026. PMID 18551796. S2CID 13631167.
- ^ Iain MacIntyre (January 2009). "Tait, Sylvia Agnes Sophia (1917–2003)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/89837. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Preston, R. D. (1 March 1990). "Irene Manton. 17 April 1904-13 May 1988". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 35: 248–261. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1990.0011. S2CID 73036103.
- ^ R. D. Preston (2004). "Manton, Irene (1904–1988)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40037. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Russell, F. (1 November 1978). "Sheina Macalister Marshall. 20 April 1896-7 April 1977". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 24: 368–389. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1978.0011.
- ^ Margaret Deacon (2004). "Marshall, Sheina Macalister (1896–1977)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53916. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Burbidge, Eleanor Margaret". Citation. The Royal Society. 1964. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
- ^ Campbell, K.S.W.; Jell, J.S. (1 November 1999). "Dorothy Hill, A.C., C.B.E. 10 September 1907 -- 23 April 1997: Elected F.R.S. 1965". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society: 195–217. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1999.0014. S2CID 72596284.
- ^ Ann Silver (October 2008). "Pickford, (Lillian) Mary (1902–2002)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/77182. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Randall, J. (1 November 1975). "Emmeline Jean Hanson. 14 November 1919 -- 10 August 1973". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 21: 312–344. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1975.0008. PMID 11615719. S2CID 38964478.
- ^ H. E. Huxley (May 2005). "Hanson, (Emmeline) Jean (1919–1973)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31194. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Marshall, Robin D. (June 2004). "Obituary: Winifred May Watkins (1924–2003)" (PDF). The Biochemist. 26 (3): 56–59. doi:10.1042/BIO02603056.
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- ^ Morris, J. G. (1 November 1997). "Florence Gwendolen Rees. 3 July 1906--4 October 1994: Elected F.R.S. 1971". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society: 445–459. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1997.0024. S2CID 70699996.
- ^ J. Gareth Morris (2004). "Rees, (Florence) Gwendolen (1906–1994)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/55333. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Boalch, G. T.; Fogg, G. E. (1 November 1991). "Mary Winifred Parke. 23 March 1908-17 July 1989". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 37: 382–397. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1991.0019. S2CID 72473745.
- ^ G. E. Fogg (2004). "Parke, Mary Winifred (1908–1989)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/57569. Retrieved 21 October 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
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- ^ "Askonas, Brigitte Alice". Citation. The Royal Society. 1973. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
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- ^ Catharine Haines (15 February 2010). "Patricia Clarke obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
- ^ Ashwell, M. (1 December 2002). "Elsie May Widdowson, C.H. 21 October 1906 - 14 June 2000". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 48: 483–506. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2002.0028. PMID 13678074. S2CID 71629850.
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- ^ Owen, M. (1 November 1995). "Dame Janet Maria Vaughan, D. B. E. 18 October 1899-9 January 1993". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 41: 482–498. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1995.0029. S2CID 32982711.
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list, female, fellows, royal, society, fellowship, royal, society, open, scientists, engineers, technologists, from, united, kingdom, commonwealth, nations, basis, having, made, substantial, contribution, improvement, natural, knowledge, including, mathematics. Fellowship of the Royal Society is open to scientists engineers and technologists from the United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations on the basis of having made a substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge including mathematics engineering science and medical science 4 Election to the Fellowship is highly regarded and sought after bringing prestige to both the individual academically and the institution the Fellow is associated with 5 For scientists in the United Kingdom the recognition is considered second only to being awarded the Nobel Prize 6 Female fellows of the Royal SocietyFemale fellows of the Royal Society elected from 2014 to 2018Awarded forContributions to the improvement of natural knowledge 1 Sponsored byRoyal SocietyDate1945 1945 LocationLondonCountryUnited KingdomTotal percentage of fellowsSince Kathleen Lonsdale and Marjory Stephenson in 1945 around 9 of fellows of the Royal Society are women 2 3 Websiteroyalsociety wbr org wbr fellowsWhile there was no explicit prohibition of women as Fellow of the Royal Society in its original charters and statutes election to the fellowships was for much of the Society s history de facto closed to women As a result of the dissolution of nunneries in connection with the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII and female exclusion from schools and universities the formal education of British girls and women was effectively non existent throughout the 17th and 18th centuries Women slowly gained admittance to learned societies in the UK starting in the 19th century with the founding of the Zoological Society of London in 1829 and the Royal Entomological Society in 1833 both of which admitted women fellows from their inception 7 8 The first recorded question of women being admitted to the Royal Society occurred in 1900 when Marian Farquharson the first female fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society sent a letter to the Council of the Royal Society petitioning that duly qualified women should have the advantage of full fellowship In its reply the Council stated that the question of women fellows must depend on the interpretation to be placed upon the Royal Charters under which the Society has been governed for more than three hundred years 7 When Hertha Ayrton was nominated for fellowship in 1902 her candidature was turned down on the basis that as a married woman she had no standing in law 9 The Sex Disqualification Removal Act 1919 made it illegal for an incorporated society to refuse admission on the grounds of an individual s sex or marital status While the Society acknowledged the provision of section 1 of the Act in 1925 in reply to a question originally put to them by the Women s Engineering Society three years prior it was not until 1943 that another woman was nominated for fellowship Kathleen Lonsdale and Marjory Stephenson were duly elected in 1945 after a postal vote amending the Society s statutes to explicitly allow women fellows 7 8 As of 2020 update a total of 198 women have been elected fellows Two women have been elected under the Society s former Statute 12 regulation and two Honorary Fellows for their service to the cause of science Another four women from the British Royal Family have been either Royal Fellow or Patron of the Society Thirty six more women have been elected as Foreign Members Of the approximately 1 600 living fellows and foreign members in 2018 8 5 per cent are women compared to 0 4 in 1945 according to a historical research project conducted by Aileen Fyfe and Camilla Mork Rostvik 3 10 Contents 1 Fellows 2 Foreign members 3 Honorary and Statute 12 fellows 4 Royal fellows and patrons 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksFellows editList of female fellows Year of election Image Fellow Field s Notes Ref 1945 nbsp Kathleen Lonsdale Crystallography Awarded the Davy Medal in 1957 11 12 Marjory Stephenson Biochemistry microbiology 13 14 1946 Agnes Arber Botany 15 16 1947 nbsp Mary Cartwright Mathematics Awarded the Sylvester Medal in 1964 17 18 nbsp Dorothy Hodgkin Biochemistry Awarded the Royal Medal in 1956 the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964 and the Copley Medal in 1976 delivered the Tercentenary Lecture in 1960 and the Bakerian Lecture in 1972 19 20 Muriel Robertson Protozoology bacteriology 21 22 1948 Sidnie Manton Entomology Her sister Irene Manton was elected FRS in 1961 23 24 Dorothy Needham Biochemistry 25 26 1952 nbsp Honor Fell Zoology 27 28 Marthe Vogt Neurology Awarded the Royal Medal in 1981 29 30 1954 Rosalind Pitt Rivers Biochemistry 31 32 1956 Helen Porter Plant physiology 33 34 1957 Charlotte Auerbach Zoology genetics Awarded the Darwin Medal in 1976 35 36 1958 Edith Bulbring Pharmacology 37 38 1959 Ann Bishop Protozoology parasitology 39 40 Sylvia Tait Endocrinology 41 42 1961 nbsp Irene Manton Botany Sister of Sidnie Manton elected FRS 1948 43 44 1963 Sheina Marshall Marine biology 45 46 1964 Eleanor Margaret Burbidge Astrophysics 47 1965 Dorothy Hill Geology 48 1966 nbsp Lillian Mary Pickford Endocrinology 49 1967 Emmeline Jean Hanson Biophysics 50 51 1969 Winifred Watkins Biochemistry Awarded the Royal Medal in 1988 52 53 1971 Florence Gwendolen Rees Zoology parasitology 54 55 1972 Mary Parke Phycology 56 57 nbsp Ruth Sanger Hematology serology 58 59 1973 Brigitte Askonas Immunology 60 nbsp Mary Lyon Genetics Awarded the Royal Medal in 1984 61 1975 Anne McLaren Developmental biology genetics Foreign Secretary and vice president of the Royal Society 1991 96 and awarded the Royal Medal in 1990 62 1976 Patricia Clarke Biochemistry Delivered the Leeuwenhoek Lecture in 1979 63 Elsie Widdowson Nutrition 64 65 1977 nbsp Helen Muir Rheumatology 66 1979 nbsp Brenda Milner Neuropsychology Delivered the Humphry Davy Lecture in 1989 67 Winifred Tutin Botany 68 nbsp Janet Vaughan Physiology 69 70 Janet Watson Geology 71 72 1982 nbsp Noreen Murray Molecular genetics Vice president of the Royal Society 2002 04 and awarded the Gabor Medal in 1989 73 1985 Naomi Datta Genetics 74 Miriam Rothschild Entomology botany 75 76 Anne Warner Developmental biology 77 1986 Jean Thomas Biochemistry Biological Secretary and vice president of the Royal Society 2008 present 78 Elizabeth Warrington Neuropsychology 79 1987 Olga Kennard Crystallography 80 1988 Barbara Pearse Molecular biology 81 1989 Anne Treisman Psychology 82 1990 Louise Johnson Biochemistry crystallography 83 Carole Jordan Astronomy 84 1991 Enid MacRobbie Biophysics 85 1992 nbsp Elizabeth Blackburn Molecular biology Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2009 86 Suzanne Cory Genetics Awarded the Royal Medal in 2002 87 1993 Patricia Jacobs Genetics 88 1994 nbsp Dusa McDuff Mathematics 89 1995 Julia Higgins Polymer science Foreign Secretary and vice president of the Royal Society 2001 06 delivered the Blackett and Jagdish Chandra Bose Memorial Lecture in 2005 and the Humphry Davy and Claude Bernard Lecture in 2007 90 nbsp Shirley Tilghman Molecular biology 91 1996 Jan Anderson Biology 92 Dianne Edwards Paleobotany 93 nbsp Linda Partridge Genetics biogerontology Delivered the Croonian Lecture in 2009 94 1997 nbsp Philippa Marrack Immunology Awarded the Wellcome Foundation Prize in 1990 95 1998 Jean Beggs Genetics Awarded the Gabor Medal in 2003 96 Cheryll Tickle Developmental biology 97 1999 Frances Ashcroft Physiology 98 Rosa Beddington Developmental biology 99 100 nbsp Lorna Casselton Genetics Foreign Secretary and vice president of the Royal Society 2006 11 delivered the Rutherford Memorial Lecture in 2008 and the Blackett and Jagdish Chandra Bose Memorial Lecture in 2009 101 nbsp Athene Donald Physics Delivered the Bakerian Lecture in 2006 102 nbsp Janet Thornton Bioinformatics 103 2000 nbsp Janet Rossant Developmental biology 104 Patricia Simpson Developmental biology 105 2001 Brigid Hogan Developmental biology 106 nbsp Frances Kirwan Mathematics 107 Sheila Sherlock Medicine 108 109 2002 Anne Dell Biochemistry 110 Judith Howard Chemistry crystallography 111 Georgina Mace Conservation biology ecology 112 Mary Rees Mathematics 113 2003 nbsp Jocelyn Bell Burnell Astrophysics Awarded the Michael Faraday Prize in 2010 114 Mariann Bienz Molecular biology 115 nbsp Kay Davies Genetics 116 Eleanor Dodson Biochemistry 117 nbsp Ann Dowling Mechanical engineering 118 nbsp Bridget Ogilvie Parasitology 119 Elizabeth Robertson Cell biology 120 Karen Vousden Molecular biology 121 nbsp Fiona Watt Molecular biology 122 2004 nbsp Caroline Dean Botany 123 Lynn Gladden Chemical engineering Awarded the Bakerian Lecture for 2014 124 Carol Robinson Chemistry Awarded the Rosalind Franklin Award in 2004 and the Davy Medal in 2010 125 nbsp Nancy Rothwell Biology 126 2005 Deborah Charlesworth Evolutionary biology 127 nbsp Uta Frith Developmental psychology 128 2006 Valerie Beral Epidemiology 129 Ruth Lynden Bell Computational chemistry 130 Trudy Mackay Genetics 131 Helen Saibil Molecular biology 132 2007 Gillian Bates Biology Delivered the GlaxoSmithKline Prize and Lecture in 1998 133 nbsp Barbara Rosemary Grant Evolutionary biology Awarded the Darwin Medal in 2002 134 nbsp Ottoline Leyser Botany Awarded the Rosalind Franklin Award in 2007 135 nbsp Daniela Rhodes Molecular biology 136 Veronica van Heyningen Genetics 137 2008 nbsp Anne O Garra Immunology 138 nbsp Ulrike Tillmann Mathematics 139 2009 Jennifer Clack Paleontology evolutionary biology 140 nbsp Wendy Hall Computer science 141 Christine Holt Developmental neuroscience 142 nbsp Angela McLean Mathematical biology Awarded the Gabor Medal in 2011 143 Karen Steel Biology 144 2010 Andrea Brand Molecular biology Awarded the Rosalind Franklin Award in 2006 145 nbsp Eleanor Campbell Physical chemistry 146 nbsp Nicola Clayton Comparative cognition 147 nbsp Victoria Kaspi Astrophysics Delivered the UK Canada Rutherford Lecture in 2010 148 Elizabeth Simpson Biology 149 2011 Doreen Cantrell Immunology 150 nbsp Clare Grey Chemistry Kavli Medal and Lecture in 2011 151 nbsp Janet Hemingway Tropical medicine 152 nbsp Fiona Powrie Gastroenterology 153 Angela Vincent Biology 154 2012 nbsp Michele Dougherty Astrophysics 155 Margaret Robinson Molecular biology cell biology 156 2013 Judith Armitage Biochemistry 157 Gillian Griffiths Cell biology immunology 158 nbsp Joanna Haigh Atmospheric physics 159 Edith Heard Epigenetics 160 Anne Mills Health economics 161 Maria Grazia Spillantini Neurology 162 Brigitta Stockinger Immunology 163 nbsp Sophie Wilson Computer architecture 164 nbsp Julia Yeomans Physics 165 2014 nbsp Dorothy Bishop Psychology 166 nbsp Sally Davies Medicine 167 nbsp Marian Dawkins Zoology 168 nbsp Amanda Fisher Biology 169 nbsp Jenny Nelson Physics 170 nbsp Karalyn Patterson Neuroscience 171 Sheena Radford Biophysics 172 2015 nbsp Jane Clarke Biophysics 173 nbsp Anne Cutler Psycholinguistics 174 nbsp Annette Dolphin Pharmacology 175 Yvonne Elsworth Helioseismology 176 nbsp Alison Etheridge Probability 177 nbsp Jane A Langdale Plant development 178 nbsp Julia Slingo Meteorology 179 nbsp Natalie Strynadka Biochemistry 180 2016 nbsp Polina Bayvel Optical communication 181 nbsp Katharine Cashman Volcanology 182 nbsp Sarah Cleaveland Epidemiology 183 nbsp Christl Donnelly Epidemiology 184 nbsp Maria Fitzgerald Neuroscience 185 Pratibha Gai Microscopy 186 nbsp Anne Glover Biology 187 nbsp Sue Ion Nuclear power 188 nbsp Eugenia Kumacheva Chemistry 189 nbsp Corinne Le Quere Climate change 190 nbsp Eleanor Maguire Neuroscience 191 nbsp Caroline Series Mathematics 192 nbsp Alison Smith Plant biochemistry 193 2017 nbsp Wendy Bickmore Genome biology 194 nbsp Anne Ferguson Smith Genetics 195 nbsp Gabriele C Hegerl Climate change 196 nbsp Yvonne Jones Molecular biology 197 nbsp Julia King Engineering 198 nbsp Anne Neville Engineering 199 nbsp Alison Noble Biomedical engineering 200 nbsp Josephine Pemberton Evolutionary biology 201 nbsp Sarah Sally Price Chemistry 202 nbsp Anne Ridley Cell biology 203 nbsp Nicola Spaldin Materials science 204 Jennifer Thomas Physicist 205 nbsp Susanne von Caemmerer Plant physiology 206 2018 nbsp Polly Arnold Chemistry 207 nbsp Jillian Banfield Microbial ecology 208 nbsp Margaret Brimble Chemistry 209 Judy Hirst Mitochondrial biology 210 nbsp Cathie Martin Plant biotechnology 211 nbsp Tracy Palmer Microbiology 212 nbsp Lalita Ramakrishnan Microbiology 213 nbsp Nancy Reid Statistics 214 nbsp Sheila Rowan Physics 215 nbsp Ingrid Scheffer Neurology 216 nbsp Michele Simmons Quantum physics 217 nbsp Angela Strank Geology 218 2019 Lucy Carpenter Atmospheric chemistry 219 Sarah C Darby Epidemiology 220 Veronique Gouverneur Chemistry 221 Gagandeep Kang Microbiology 222 nbsp Marta Kwiatkowska Artificial Intelligence 223 nbsp Christine Orengo Computational biology 224 nbsp Anne Osbourn Microbiology 225 Barbara Sherwood Lollar Geology 226 Molly Shoichet Biomedical engineering Ontario s first chief scientist 227 Liz Sockett Bacteriology 228 2020 Marian Holness Geology 229 Xin Lu Biology Cancer research 230 Catherine Price Cognitive neuroscience 231 Carol Prives Biology Cancer research 232 Linda Nazar Chemistry 233 nbsp Molly Stevens Biomedical engineering 234 nbsp Donna Strickland Physics Nobel Prize winner 235 nbsp Sarah Teichmann Bioinformatics Biophysics Genomics Immunology 236 Jane Visvader Cell and Molecular Biology 237 2021 nbsp Julie Ahringer Molecular genetics 238 Connie Eaves Medical genetics 239 nbsp Sadaf Farooqi Medicine Genetics of obesity 240 Ten Feizi Molecular biology 241 nbsp Julie Forman Kay Biochemistry Cell and molecular biology Molecular medicine 242 nbsp Jane Francis Paleoclimatology 243 Vernonica Franklin Tong Cell biology Plant 244 Usha Goswami Cognitive neuroscience 245 nbsp Karen Heywood Oceanography 246 nbsp Rebecca Kilner Evolutionary biology 247 nbsp Fiona Marshall Pharmacology 248 Frances Platt Biochemistry Pharmacology 249 Marilyn Renfree Zoology 250 Abigail Sellen HCI 251 nbsp Karen Vogtmann Mathematics 252 Charlotte Williams Chemistry 253 2022 nbsp Eileen Furlong Molecular biology 254 nbsp Jane Hillston Computer science 255 nbsp Sandra Knapp Botany 256 Susan M Lea Structural biology 257 nbsp Irene Miguel Aliaga Physiology 258 Rachel O Reilly Chemistry 259 Rosalind Rickaby Biogeochemistry Marine 260 Yvonne Rogers Cognitive science HCI IxD 261 Kate Storey Developmental biology 262 Carola Garcia de Vinuesa Immunology 263 E Sally Ward Immunology 264 Rachel Wood Geology Paleobiology 265 2023 Judith Allen Immunology 266 nbsp Sue Black Anatomy Forensic anthropology Forensic science 267 Cathie Clarke Astrophysics 268 nbsp Wendy Freedman Astronomy 269 nbsp Sarah Gilbert Vaccinology 270 Louise Heathwaite Environmental science 271 nbsp Laura Heyderman Physics Materials science 272 Loeske Kruuk Evolutionary biology 273 Jane Memmott Ecology Entomology 274 Valerie Mizrahi Molecular biology 275 Tebello Nyokong Chemistry 276 Sarah O Connor Molecular biology 277 Jane Parker Botany 278 nbsp Lori Passmore Structural biology CryoEM RNA processing 279 Hanadi Sleiman Chemistry 280 Elizabeth Thompson Mathematical statistics Population genetics 281 nbsp Irene Tracey Neuroscience Pain Neuroimaging 282 Foreign members editList of female Foreign Members Year of election Image Member Field s Notes Ref 1955 nbsp Lise Meitner Nuclear physics 283 1969 nbsp Inge Lehmann Seismology 284 1989 nbsp Nicole Le Douarin Developmental biology Delivered the Claude Bernard Lecture in 1987 285 nbsp Barbara McClintock Cytogenetics Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 286 1990 nbsp Christiane Nusslein Volhard Genetics embryology Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995 287 1995 nbsp Gertrude Elion Biochemistry pharmacology Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988 288 Salome Gluecksohn Waelsch Genetics 289 nbsp Rita Levi Montalcini Neurology Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 290 2001 Clara Franzini Armstrong Developmental biology 291 2004 nbsp Jane Lubchenco Marine biology Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere of the United States 2010 present 292 2005 nbsp Catherine Cesarsky Astronomy 293 2008 Barbara Hohn Molecular biology 294 nbsp Susan Solomon Atmospheric chemistry 295 2010 nbsp Pascale Cossart Bacteriology 296 2011 nbsp Joanne Chory Molecular biology Cell biology 297 nbsp Carla Shatz Neuroscience 298 2012 Bonnie Bassler Molecular biology 299 2013 Margaret Buckingham Developmental biology 300 2014 nbsp Joan Steitz Molecular biology 301 2015 nbsp Linda Buck Olfactory system 302 nbsp Susan Lindquist Molecular biology 303 nbsp Gail Martin Developmental Biology 304 2016 nbsp Jennifer Doudna Biochemistry 305 nbsp Ellen Williams Nanotechnology 306 2017 nbsp Marcia McNutt Geophysics 307 nbsp Susan R Wessler Plant molecular biology 308 2018 nbsp Carolyn R Bertozzi Systems biology 309 nbsp Fabiola Gianotti Particle physics 310 2019 nbsp Sandra Diaz Ecology 311 nbsp Elaine Fuchs Cell biology 312 nbsp Inez Fung Climatology 313 2020 nbsp Frances Arnold Bioengineering 314 Else Marie Friis Palaeobiology 315 Regine Kahmann Microbiology 316 nbsp Margaret Kivelson Geophysics 317 nbsp Ada Yonath Microbiology 318 2021 Anny Cazenave Earth sciences 319 Elena Conti Biochemistry 320 Julie Forman Kay Biochemistry 321 nbsp V Narry Kim Biochemistry 322 nbsp Claire Voisin Mathematics 323 2022 nbsp Titia de Lange Biochemistry 324 nbsp Maria Leptin Immunology 325 Honorary and Statute 12 fellows editBetween 1903 and 1996 Statute 12 of the Society permitted the council to elect someone who would not otherwise qualify for election under the normal criteria for conspicuous service to the cause of science or are such that their election would be of signal benefit to the Society Statute 12 Fellows were replaced by the introduction of Honorary Fellows in 1997 326 List of female honorary and Statute 12 fellows Year of election Image Fellow Field s Notes Ref 1983 nbsp Margaret Thatcher Politics Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1979 1990 327 1988 nbsp Margaret Gowing History of science Delivered the Wilkins Lecture in 1976 328 2007 nbsp Onora O Neill Philosophy politics 329 2015 nbsp Lisa Jardine History 330 2023 Kate Bingham 331 Fiona Fox 332 Royal fellows and patrons editThroughout its history the Royal Society has elected a number of individuals to its Fellowship by virtue of their being a member of the nobility 333 Such elections were restricted first in 1874 to princes and members of the Privy Council and subsequently in 1903 to princes of the British Royal Family only 326 334 This has since been relaxed to allow the election of any member of the British Royal Family 335 Those elected by virtue of their royal blood or marriage are known as Royal Fellows 336 From the beginning of the practice of British royal patronage in the 18th century 337 the reigning monarch of Great Britain and since 1801 that of the United Kingdom starting with King George I 338 has always served as patron of the Society List of female Royal Fellows and Patrons Year of election Image Fellow Patron Notes Ref 1838 nbsp Queen Victoria Never elected as a Royal Fellow instead served as Patron of the Society after her reign began as Queen of the United Kingdom and later Empress of India 339 1947 nbsp Queen Elizabeth II Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms and patron from 1952 340 1956 nbsp Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Queen consort of King George VI 340 1987 nbsp Princess Anne Princess Royal 341 See also editList of Fellows of the Royal Society List of female scientists before the 21st centuryReferences editGeneral About elections The Royal Society Retrieved 10 March 2023 Current Fellows The Royal Society Retrieved 10 March 2023 Search past Fellows The Royal Society Retrieved 10 March 2023 Specific About elections The Royal Society Retrieved 10 March 2023 Frith Uta 2019 Goodbye Diversity Committee Royalsociety org Royal Society a b Fyfe Aileen Rostvik Camilla Mork 2018 How female fellows fared at the Royal Society Nature 555 7695 159 161 Bibcode 2018Natur 555 159F doi 10 1038 d41586 018 02746 z ISSN 0028 0836 PMID 29517005 S2CID 3738121 Election to the Fellowship of the Royal Society The Royal Society Retrieved 22 October 2012 Ho Peng Yoke 2005 Reminiscence of a roving scholar science humanities and Joseph Needham New Jersey World Scientific Pub Co p 168 ISBN 9789812565884 Double Royal Society success Cardiff University Retrieved 14 December 2012 a b c Mason J 1 January 1995 The Women Fellows Jubilee Notes and Records of the Royal Society 49 125 140 doi 10 1098 rsnr 1995 0009 S2CID 146357352 a b Ferry G 14 July 2010 The exception and the rule women and the Royal Society 1945 2010 Notes and Records of the Royal Society 64 S163 S172 doi 10 1098 rsnr 2010 0043 S2CID 74578967 Joan Mason September 2010 Ayrton Phoebe Sarah 1854 1923 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 37136 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Fellowship of the Royal Society The Royal Society Retrieved 28 May 2014 Hodgkin D M C 1 November 1975 Kathleen Lonsdale 28 January 1903 1 April 1971 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 21 447 484 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1975 0014 S2CID 73380010 Gill Hudson September 2010 Lonsdale Dame Kathleen 1903 1971 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 31376 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Robertson M 1 November 1949 Marjory Stephenson 1885 1948 Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 6 18 562 577 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1949 0013 S2CID 162259455 Joan Mason 2004 Stephenson Marjory 1885 1948 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 36280 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Thomas H H 1 November 1960 Agnes Arber 1879 1960 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 6 1 11 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1960 0021 S2CID 73081030 Kathryn Packer 2004 Arber Agnes 1879 1960 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 30427 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Hayman W K 1 November 2000 Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright D B E 17 December 1900 3 April 1998 Elected F R S 1947 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 19 35 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1999 0070 S2CID 71483257 C M Series 2004 Cartwright Dame Mary Lucy 1900 1998 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 69671 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Dodson G 1 December 2002 Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin O M 12 May 1910 29 July 1994 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 48 179 219 doi 10 1098 rsbm 2002 0011 PMID 13678070 S2CID 61764553 Georgina Ferry May 2009 Hodgkin Dorothy Mary Crowfoot 1910 1994 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 55028 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Bishop A Miles A 1 December 1974 Muriel Robertson 1883 1973 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 20 316 347 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1974 0014 PMID 11615759 S2CID 26594618 P H Clarke 2004 Robertson Muriel 1883 1973 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 51770 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Fryer G 1 November 1980 Sidnie Milana Manton 4 May 1902 2 January 1979 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 26 327 356 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1980 0010 S2CID 71552713 Geoffrey Fryer 2004 Manton Sidnie Milana 1902 1979 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 31410 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Teich M 1 December 2003 Dorothy Mary Moyle Needham 22 September 1896 22 December 1987 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 49 351 365 doi 10 1098 rsbm 2003 0020 PMID 14989271 S2CID 73165832 N G Coley 2004 Needham Dorothy Mary 1896 1987 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 56147 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Vaughan D J 1 December 1987 Honor Bridget Fell 22 May 1900 22 April 1986 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 33 236 259 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1987 0009 PMID 11621435 S2CID 35363796 Audrey Glauert 2004 Fell Dame Honor Bridget 1900 1986 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 40011 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Cuthbert A W 1 December 2005 Marthe Louise Vogt 8 September 1903 9 September 2003 Elected FRS 1952 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 409 423 doi 10 1098 rsbm 2005 0027 S2CID 70617189 Christopher Bell October 2007 Vogt Marthe Louise 1903 2003 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 56125 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Tata J R 1 February 1994 Rosalind Venetia Pitt Rivers 4 March 1907 14 January 1990 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 39 326 348 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1994 0019 PMID 11639905 Jamshed R Tata 2004 Rivers Rosalind Venetia Lane Fox Pitt 1907 1990 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 57570 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Northcote D H 1 November 1991 Helen Kemp Porter 10 November 1899 7 December 1987 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 37 400 409 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1991 0020 D H Northcote 2004 Porter Helen Kemp 1899 1987 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 57571 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Beale G H 1 November 1995 Charlotte Auerbach 14 May 1899 17 March 1994 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 41 20 42 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1995 0002 S2CID 6892151 Brian J Kilbey January 2008 Auerbach Charlotte 1899 1994 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 54719 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Bolton T B Brading A F 1 November 1992 Edith Bulbring 27 December 1903 5 July 1990 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 38 68 95 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1992 0004 PMID 11616219 S2CID 30858583 A F Brading 2004 Bulbring Edith 1903 1990 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 40043 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Goodwin L G Vickerman K 1 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Pickford Lillian Mary 1902 2002 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 77182 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Randall J 1 November 1975 Emmeline Jean Hanson 14 November 1919 10 August 1973 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 21 312 344 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1975 0008 PMID 11615719 S2CID 38964478 H E Huxley May 2005 Hanson Emmeline Jean 1919 1973 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 31194 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Marshall Robin D June 2004 Obituary Winifred May Watkins 1924 2003 PDF The Biochemist 26 3 56 59 doi 10 1042 BIO02603056 P L Mollison January 2009 Watkins Winifred May 1924 2003 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 94805 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Morris J G 1 November 1997 Florence Gwendolen Rees 3 July 1906 4 October 1994 Elected F R S 1971 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 445 459 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1997 0024 S2CID 70699996 J Gareth Morris 2004 Rees Florence Gwendolen 1906 1994 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 55333 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Boalch G T Fogg G E 1 November 1991 Mary Winifred Parke 23 March 1908 17 July 1989 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 37 382 397 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1991 0019 S2CID 72473745 G E Fogg 2004 Parke Mary Winifred 1908 1989 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 57569 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Hughes Jones N Tippett P 1 December 2003 Ruth Ann Sanger 6 June 1918 4 June 2001 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 49 461 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Richard Doll May 2010 Vaughan Dame Janet Maria 1899 1993 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 42277 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Fettes D J Plant J A 1 November 1995 Janet Watson 1 September 1923 29 March 1985 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 41 500 514 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1995 0030 S2CID 72513584 Robert M Shackleton 2004 Watson Janet Vida 1923 1985 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 31810 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public library membership required Obituary Professor Noreen Murray CBE FRS FRSE geneticist The Scotsman 25 May 2011 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Catharine M C Haines September 2012 Datta Naomi 1922 2008 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 101599 ISBN 9780198614111 Retrieved 21 October 2012 Subscription or UK public 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