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Ada Yonath

November 30, 2023

Ada E. Yonath (Hebrew: עדה יונת, pronounced [ˈada joˈnat]; born 22 June 1939)[1] is an Israeli chemist and Nobel laureate crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of ribosomes. She is the current director of the Helen and Milton A. Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular Structure and Assembly of the Weizmann Institute of Science.

Ada E. Yonath
Yonath in Kerala, February 2013
Born
Ada Lifshitz

(1939-06-22) 22 June 1939 (age 84)
Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine (now in Israel)
CitizenshipIsraeli
Alma mater
Known forCryo bio-crystallography
AwardsHarvey Prize (2002)
Wolf Prize in Chemistry (2006)
L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science (2008)
Albert Einstein World Award of Science (2008)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2009)
Scientific career
FieldsCrystallography
InstitutionsWeizmann Institute of Science
University of Chicago
Doctoral advisorWolfie Traub, F. Albert Cotton

In 2009, Yonath received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz for her studies on the structure and function of the ribosome, becoming the first Israeli woman to win the Nobel Prize out of ten Israeli Nobel laureates,[2] the first woman from the Middle East to win a Nobel prize in the sciences,[3] and the first woman in 45 years to win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.[4]

Biography edit

Ada Lifshitz (later Yonath)[5] was born in the Geula quarter of Jerusalem.[6] Her parents, Hillel and Esther Lifshitz, were Zionist Jews who immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel) from Zduńska Wola, Poland in 1933 before the establishment of Israel.[7] Her father was a rabbi and came from a rabbinical family. They settled in Jerusalem and ran a grocery, but found it difficult to make ends meet. They lived in cramped quarters with several other families, and Yonath remembers "books" being the only thing she had to keep her occupied.[8] Despite their poverty, her parents sent her to school in the upscale Beit HaKerem neighborhood to assure her a good education. When her father died at the age of 42, the family moved to Tel Aviv.[9]

Yonath was accepted to Tichon Hadash high school although her mother could not pay the tuition. She gave math lessons to students in return.[10] As a youngster, she says she was inspired by the Polish and naturalized-French scientist Marie Curie.[11] However, she stresses that Curie, whom she as a child was fascinated by after reading her biography, was not her "role model".[12] She returned to Jerusalem for college, graduating from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1962, and a master's degree in biochemistry in 1964. In 1968, she obtained her PhD from the Weizmann Institute of Science for X-ray crystallographic studies on the structure of collagen, with Wolfie Traub as her PhD advisor.[13][14][15]

She has one daughter, Hagit Yonath, a doctor at Sheba Medical Center, and a granddaughter, Noa.[16] She is the cousin of anti-occupation activist Ruchama Marton.[17]

Scientific career edit

 
Ada Yonath at the Weizmann Institute of Science

Yonath accepted postdoctoral positions at Carnegie Mellon University (1969) and MIT (1970). While a postdoc at MIT she spent some time in the lab of subsequent 1976 chemistry Nobel Prize winner William N. Lipscomb, Jr. of Harvard University where she was inspired to pursue very large structures.[18]

In 1970, she established what was for nearly a decade the only protein crystallography laboratory in Israel. Then, from 1979 to 1984 she was a group leader with Heinz-Günter Wittmann at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin. She was visiting professor at the University of Chicago in 1977–78.[19] She headed a Max-Planck Institute Research Unit at DESY in Hamburg, Germany (1986–2004) in parallel to her research activities at the Weizmann Institute.

Yonath focuses on the mechanisms underlying protein biosynthesis, by ribosomal crystallography, a research line she pioneered over twenty years ago despite considerable skepticism of the international scientific community.[20] Ribosomes translate RNA into protein and because they have slightly different structures in microbes, when compared to eukaryotes, such as human cells, they are often a target for antibiotics. In 2000 and 2001, she determined the complete high-resolution structures of both ribosomal subunits and discovered within the otherwise asymmetric ribosome, the universal symmetrical region that provides the framework and navigates the process of polypeptide polymerization. Consequently, she showed that the ribosome is a ribozyme that places its substrates in stereochemistry suitable for peptide bond formation and for substrate-mediated catalysis. In 1993 she visualized the path taken by the nascent proteins, namely the ribosomal tunnel, and recently revealed the dynamics elements enabling its involvement in elongation arrest, gating, intra-cellular regulation and nascent chain trafficking into their folding space.

Additionally, Yonath elucidated the modes of action of over twenty different antibiotics targeting the ribosome, illuminated mechanisms of drug resistance and synergism, deciphered the structural basis for antibiotic selectivity and showed how it plays a key role in clinical usefulness and therapeutic effectiveness, thus paving the way for structure-based drug design.

For enabling ribosomal crystallography Yonath introduced a novel technique, cryo bio-crystallography, which became routine in structural biology and allowed intricate projects otherwise considered formidable.[21]

At the Weizmann Institute, Yonath is the incumbent of the Martin S. and Helen Kimmel Professorial Chair.

Political Views edit

She has called for the unconditional release of all Hamas prisoners, saying that "holding Palestinians captive encourages and perpetuates their motivation to harm Israel and its citizens ... once we don't have any prisoners to release they will have no reason to kidnap soldiers".[22]

Awards and recognition edit

Telephone interview with Ada Yonath during the announcement of the Nobel Prize

Yonath is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences; the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities; the European Academy of Sciences and Art and the European Molecular Biology Organization. On Saturday, 18 October 2014, Professor Yonath was named an ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences by Pope Francis.[23]

Her awards and honors include the following:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Israel Prize Official Site (in Hebrew) – Recipient's C.V."
  2. ^ Lappin, Yaakov (7 October 2009). "Nobel Prize Winner 'Happy, Shocked'". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  3. ^ Klenke, Karin (2011). Women in Leadership: Contextual Dynamics and Boundaries. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-85724-561-8.
  4. ^ . nobelprize.org. 6 October 2015. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  5. ^ (PDF). syaga.co.il. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  6. ^ . Jerusalem Post. 8 March 2008. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012.
  7. ^ Hargittai, I.; Hargittai, M. (2006). Candid Science VI: More Conversations with Famous Scientists. Imperial College Press. p. 390. ISBN 978-1-86094-885-5. Retrieved 9 March 2021. (In this source the surname is spelled Livshitz)
  8. ^ Talk given at Moriah College, Sydney, 18 February 2010 as noted by a student present from James Ruse Agricultural High School
  9. ^ . Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 28 July 2008. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2008.
  10. ^ Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy (17 January 2012). . fr.jpost.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  11. ^ . Israel21c. 5 October 2011. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016.
  12. ^ Talk given at Moriah College, 18 February 2010
  13. ^ "(IUCr) European Crystallography Prize". Journal of Applied Crystallography. 33 (4): 1195. August 2000. doi:10.1107/S0021889800008281.
  14. ^ Traub, Wolfie; Yonath, Ada (1966). "Polymers of Tripeptides as Collagen Models .I. X-RAY Studies of Poly (L-PROLYL-GLYCYL-L-PROLINE) and related Polytripeptides". Journal of Molecular Biology. 16 (2): 404–14. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(66)80182-1. PMID 5954171.
  15. ^ Yonath, Ada; Traub, Wolfie (1969). "Polymers of Tripeptides as Collagen Models .4. Structure Analysis of Poly (L-PROLYL-GLYCYL-L-PROLINE)". Journal of Molecular Biology. 43 (3): 461–77. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(69)90352-0. PMID 5401228.
  16. ^ Ilani, Ofri (3 December 2009). . haaretz.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  17. ^ Former 'village fool' takes the prize 17 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Judy Siegel-Itzkovich, The Jerusalem Post 8 March 2008
  18. ^ Yarnell, A. Lipscomb Feted in Honor of his 90th Birthday 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Chemical and Engineering News, 87, 48, Am. Chem. Soc., p. 35, 30 November 2009.
  19. ^ anonymous. . uchicago.edu. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  20. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 – Speed Read". nobelprize.org.
  21. ^ Hope, H.; Frolow, F.; von Böhlen, K.; Makowski, I.; Kratky, C.; Halfon, Y.; Danz, H.; Webster, P.; Bartels, K. S.; Wittmann, H. G.; Yonath, A. (1 April 1989). "Cryocrystallography of ribosomal particles". Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science. International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). 45 (2): 190–199. Bibcode:1989AcCrB..45..190H. doi:10.1107/s0108768188013710. ISSN 0108-7681. PMID 2619959.
  22. ^ Israeli Nobel Laureate calls for release of all Hamas prisoners 8 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Haaretz 10 October 2009
  23. ^ . vatican.va (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 October 2014.
  24. ^ . Archived from the original on 4 March 2014.
  25. ^ "Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009". Nobel Foundation. from the original on 10 October 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  26. ^ Wills, Adam (7 October 2009). . Jewish Journal. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  27. ^ "Medalists Archive – ALL MEDALISTS SINCE 1921". Wilhelm Exner Medaillen Stiftung. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  28. ^ "Laureaci Medali i Nagród PTChem". Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  29. ^ "Ada Yonath". German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  30. ^ "Honorary Graduand Orations – Summer 2015". www2.warwick.ac.uk.
  31. ^ . www.umed.pl. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  32. ^ "Commencement Speakers and Honorary Degree Recipients – Leadership – Carnegie Mellon University". www.cmu.edu. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  33. ^ "Ada Yonath". Royal Society. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  34. ^ "Honorary Doctorate". en.uj.edu.pl. Retrieved 28 May 2023.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ada E. Yonath.
 
Scholia has an author profile for Ada Yonath.

November 30, 2023
yonath, yonath, hebrew, עדה, יונת, pronounced, ˈada, joˈnat, born, june, 1939, israeli, chemist, nobel, laureate, crystallographer, best, known, pioneering, work, structure, ribosomes, current, director, helen, milton, kimmelman, center, biomolecular, structur. Ada E Yonath Hebrew עדה יונת pronounced ˈada joˈnat born 22 June 1939 1 is an Israeli chemist and Nobel laureate crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of ribosomes She is the current director of the Helen and Milton A Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular Structure and Assembly of the Weizmann Institute of Science Ada E YonathYonath in Kerala February 2013BornAda Lifshitz 1939 06 22 22 June 1939 age 84 Jerusalem British Mandate of Palestine now in Israel CitizenshipIsraeliAlma materHebrew University of JerusalemWeizmann Institute of ScienceKnown forCryo bio crystallographyAwardsHarvey Prize 2002 Wolf Prize in Chemistry 2006 L Oreal UNESCO Award for Women in Science 2008 Albert Einstein World Award of Science 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 Scientific careerFieldsCrystallographyInstitutionsWeizmann Institute of ScienceUniversity of ChicagoDoctoral advisorWolfie Traub F Albert CottonIn 2009 Yonath received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A Steitz for her studies on the structure and function of the ribosome becoming the first Israeli woman to win the Nobel Prize out of ten Israeli Nobel laureates 2 the first woman from the Middle East to win a Nobel prize in the sciences 3 and the first woman in 45 years to win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry 4 Contents 1 Biography 2 Scientific career 3 Political Views 4 Awards and recognition 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksBiography editAda Lifshitz later Yonath 5 was born in the Geula quarter of Jerusalem 6 Her parents Hillel and Esther Lifshitz were Zionist Jews who immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine now Israel from Zdunska Wola Poland in 1933 before the establishment of Israel 7 Her father was a rabbi and came from a rabbinical family They settled in Jerusalem and ran a grocery but found it difficult to make ends meet They lived in cramped quarters with several other families and Yonath remembers books being the only thing she had to keep her occupied 8 Despite their poverty her parents sent her to school in the upscale Beit HaKerem neighborhood to assure her a good education When her father died at the age of 42 the family moved to Tel Aviv 9 Yonath was accepted to Tichon Hadash high school although her mother could not pay the tuition She gave math lessons to students in return 10 As a youngster she says she was inspired by the Polish and naturalized French scientist Marie Curie 11 However she stresses that Curie whom she as a child was fascinated by after reading her biography was not her role model 12 She returned to Jerusalem for college graduating from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem with a bachelor s degree in chemistry in 1962 and a master s degree in biochemistry in 1964 In 1968 she obtained her PhD from the Weizmann Institute of Science for X ray crystallographic studies on the structure of collagen with Wolfie Traub as her PhD advisor 13 14 15 She has one daughter Hagit Yonath a doctor at Sheba Medical Center and a granddaughter Noa 16 She is the cousin of anti occupation activist Ruchama Marton 17 Scientific career edit nbsp Ada Yonath at the Weizmann Institute of ScienceYonath accepted postdoctoral positions at Carnegie Mellon University 1969 and MIT 1970 While a postdoc at MIT she spent some time in the lab of subsequent 1976 chemistry Nobel Prize winner William N Lipscomb Jr of Harvard University where she was inspired to pursue very large structures 18 In 1970 she established what was for nearly a decade the only protein crystallography laboratory in Israel Then from 1979 to 1984 she was a group leader with Heinz Gunter Wittmann at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin She was visiting professor at the University of Chicago in 1977 78 19 She headed a Max Planck Institute Research Unit at DESY in Hamburg Germany 1986 2004 in parallel to her research activities at the Weizmann Institute Yonath focuses on the mechanisms underlying protein biosynthesis by ribosomal crystallography a research line she pioneered over twenty years ago despite considerable skepticism of the international scientific community 20 Ribosomes translate RNA into protein and because they have slightly different structures in microbes when compared to eukaryotes such as human cells they are often a target for antibiotics In 2000 and 2001 she determined the complete high resolution structures of both ribosomal subunits and discovered within the otherwise asymmetric ribosome the universal symmetrical region that provides the framework and navigates the process of polypeptide polymerization Consequently she showed that the ribosome is a ribozyme that places its substrates in stereochemistry suitable for peptide bond formation and for substrate mediated catalysis In 1993 she visualized the path taken by the nascent proteins namely the ribosomal tunnel and recently revealed the dynamics elements enabling its involvement in elongation arrest gating intra cellular regulation and nascent chain trafficking into their folding space Additionally Yonath elucidated the modes of action of over twenty different antibiotics targeting the ribosome illuminated mechanisms of drug resistance and synergism deciphered the structural basis for antibiotic selectivity and showed how it plays a key role in clinical usefulness and therapeutic effectiveness thus paving the way for structure based drug design For enabling ribosomal crystallography Yonath introduced a novel technique cryo bio crystallography which became routine in structural biology and allowed intricate projects otherwise considered formidable 21 At the Weizmann Institute Yonath is the incumbent of the Martin S and Helen Kimmel Professorial Chair Political Views editShe has called for the unconditional release of all Hamas prisoners saying that holding Palestinians captive encourages and perpetuates their motivation to harm Israel and its citizens once we don t have any prisoners to release they will have no reason to kidnap soldiers 22 Awards and recognition edit source source source source source source Telephone interview with Ada Yonath during the announcement of the Nobel PrizeYonath is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences the American Academy of Arts and Sciences the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities the European Academy of Sciences and Art and the European Molecular Biology Organization On Saturday 18 October 2014 Professor Yonath was named an ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences by Pope Francis 23 Her awards and honors include the following In 2002 Israel Prize In 2002 Harvey Prize In 2004 Massry Prize In 2004 Paul Karrer Gold Medal In 2005 Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize In 2006 Wolf Prize in Chemistry along with George Feher In 2006 Rothschild Prize in Life Sciences In 2006 The EMET Prize for Art Science and Culture in Life Sciences along with Professor Peretz Lavie Medicine and Professor Eli Keshet Biology In 2007 Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize along with Harry Noller In 2008 the Albert Einstein World Award of Science for her pioneering contributions to protein biosynthesis in the field of ribosomal crystallography and her introduction of innovative techniques in cryo bio crystallography 24 In 2009 the Nobel Prize in Chemistry co recipient with Thomas Steitz and Venkatraman Ramakrishnan 25 She was the first Israeli woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize 26 In 2010 Wilhelm Exner Medal 27 In 2011 Marie Curie Medal awarded by the Polish Chemical Society 28 In 2013 she became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina 29 In 2015 she was awarded Honorary Doctorates from the De La Salle University Manila Philippines the Joseph Fourier University Grenoble France the Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland and the University of Warwick UK 30 31 In 2018 she was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Carnegie Mellon University 32 In 2020 she was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society 33 In 2023 she was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from the Jagiellonian University 34 See also editWomen of Israel History of RNA biology List of Israel Prize recipients List of female Nobel laureates List of Israeli Nobel laureates List of Jewish Nobel laureates List of peace activists List of RNA biologists Timeline of women in science Women in chemistryReferences edit Israel Prize Official Site in Hebrew Recipient s C V Lappin Yaakov 7 October 2009 Nobel Prize Winner Happy Shocked Jerusalem Post Retrieved 7 October 2009 Klenke Karin 2011 Women in Leadership Contextual Dynamics and Boundaries Emerald Group Publishing Limited p 191 ISBN 978 0 85724 561 8 Transcript of the telephone interview with Ada E Yonath immediately following the announcement of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry nobelprize org 6 October 2015 Archived from the original on 6 October 2015 Retrieved 9 March 2021 מנכ ל המדינה p 4 18 11 09 ידיעות אחרונות PDF PDF syaga co il Archived from the original PDF on 25 April 2012 Retrieved 5 October 2011 Ada Yonath L Oreal UNESCO Award Jerusalem Post 8 March 2008 Archived from the original on 17 January 2012 Hargittai I Hargittai M 2006 Candid Science VI More Conversations with Famous Scientists Imperial College Press p 390 ISBN 978 1 86094 885 5 Retrieved 9 March 2021 In this source the surname is spelled Livshitz Talk given at Moriah College Sydney 18 February 2010 as noted by a student present from James Ruse Agricultural High School Israeli professor receives Life s Work Prize for women in science Ministry of Foreign Affairs 28 July 2008 Archived from the original on 29 March 2019 Retrieved 31 July 2008 Siegel Itzkovich Judy 17 January 2012 Former village fool takes the prize Science and Environment Jerusalem Post fr jpost com Archived from the original on 17 January 2012 Retrieved 9 March 2021 ISRAEL21c Uncovering Israel Israel21c 5 October 2011 Archived from the original on 24 June 2016 Talk given at Moriah College 18 February 2010 IUCr European Crystallography Prize Journal of Applied Crystallography 33 4 1195 August 2000 doi 10 1107 S0021889800008281 Traub Wolfie Yonath Ada 1966 Polymers of Tripeptides as Collagen Models I X RAY Studies of Poly L PROLYL GLYCYL L PROLINE and related Polytripeptides Journal of Molecular Biology 16 2 404 14 doi 10 1016 S0022 2836 66 80182 1 PMID 5954171 Yonath Ada Traub Wolfie 1969 Polymers of Tripeptides as Collagen Models 4 Structure Analysis of Poly L PROLYL GLYCYL L PROLINE Journal of Molecular Biology 43 3 461 77 doi 10 1016 0022 2836 69 90352 0 PMID 5401228 Ilani Ofri 3 December 2009 Israel s Prof Ada Yonath wins Nobel Prize for Chemistry Haaretz Israel News haaretz com Archived from the original on 3 December 2009 Retrieved 9 March 2021 Former village fool takes the prize Archived 17 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Judy Siegel Itzkovich The Jerusalem Post 8 March 2008 Yarnell A Lipscomb Feted in Honor of his 90th Birthday Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine Chemical and Engineering News 87 48 Am Chem Soc p 35 30 November 2009 anonymous New chemistry Nobelist was UChicago visiting prof conducted research at Argonne uchicago edu Archived from the original on 10 June 2010 Retrieved 27 November 2017 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 Speed Read nobelprize org Hope H Frolow F von Bohlen K Makowski I Kratky C Halfon Y Danz H Webster P Bartels K S Wittmann H G Yonath A 1 April 1989 Cryocrystallography of ribosomal particles Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science International Union of Crystallography IUCr 45 2 190 199 Bibcode 1989AcCrB 45 190H doi 10 1107 s0108768188013710 ISSN 0108 7681 PMID 2619959 Israeli Nobel Laureate calls for release of all Hamas prisoners Archived 8 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine Haaretz 10 October 2009 Rinunce e nomine vatican va in Italian Archived from the original on 22 October 2014 Albert Einstein World Award of Science 2008 Archived from the original on 4 March 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 Nobel Foundation Archived from the original on 10 October 2009 Retrieved 7 October 2009 Wills Adam 7 October 2009 Ada Yonath First Israeli Woman to win Nobel Prize Jewish Journal Archived from the original on 22 April 2016 Retrieved 7 October 2009 Medalists Archive ALL MEDALISTS SINCE 1921 Wilhelm Exner Medaillen Stiftung Retrieved 9 March 2021 Laureaci Medali i Nagrod PTChem Retrieved 22 February 2020 Ada Yonath German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina Retrieved 26 May 2021 Honorary Graduand Orations Summer 2015 www2 warwick ac uk Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lodzi www umed pl Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 1 May 2015 Commencement Speakers and Honorary Degree Recipients Leadership Carnegie Mellon University www cmu edu Retrieved 21 September 2018 Ada Yonath Royal Society Retrieved 19 September 2020 Honorary Doctorate en uj edu pl Retrieved 28 May 2023 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ada E Yonath nbsp Scholia has an author profile for Ada Yonath APS user shares the Israeli Nobel for chemistry from the Argonne National Laboratory Advanced Photon Source APS United States Department of Energy The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize Weizmann Institute of Science Yonath Site Ada Yonath s Publication list Talk of Ada Yonath at the Origins 2011 congress Ada E Yonath on Nobelprize org nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ada Yonath amp oldid 1186616779, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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