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Zoological Society of London

The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is a charity devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats. It was founded in 1826. Since 1828, it has maintained the London Zoo, and since 1931 Whipsnade Park.

Zoological Society of London
Founded1826; 197 years ago (1826)
FounderSir Stamford Raffles, Marquess of Lansdowne, Lord Auckland, Sir Humphry Davy, Robert Peel, Joseph Sabine, Nicholas Aylward Vigors and others
TypeNon-profit organisation
PurposeTo promote worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats; London Zoo and Whipsnade Zoo, research in Institute of Zoology, field conservation
Location
  • London, England
Coordinates51°32′09″N 0°09′27″W / 51.5357°N 0.1575°W / 51.5357; -0.1575Coordinates: 51°32′09″N 0°09′27″W / 51.5357°N 0.1575°W / 51.5357; -0.1575
Websitewww.zsl.org

History

 
Sir Joseph Banks' house was the initial meeting place for the Zoological Society
 
Zoological Society of London (ZSL), Main Building by John Belcher and John James Joass
 
Zoological Society of London (ZSL), Main Building, Entrance

On 29 November 1822, the birthday of John Ray, "the father of modern zoology", a meeting held in the Linnean Society in Soho Square led by Rev. William Kirby, resolved to form a "Zoological Club of the Linnean Society of London". Between 1816 and 1826, discussions between Stamford Raffles, Humphry Davy, Joseph Banks and others led to the idea that London should have an establishment similar to the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. It would house a zoological collection "which should interest and amuse the public."[1]

 
Plan of the Zoological Society of London (1829)

The society was founded in April 1826 by Sir Stamford Raffles, the Marquess of Lansdowne, Lord Auckland, Sir Humphry Davy, Robert Peel, Joseph Sabine, Nicholas Aylward Vigors along with various other nobility, clergy, and naturalists.[1][2] Raffles was the first chairman and president, but died after only a few months in office, in July 1826. He was succeeded by the Marquess of Lansdowne who supervised the building of the first animal houses, a parcel of land in Regent's Park having already been obtained from the Crown at the inaugural meeting. It received a Royal Charter from George IV on 27 March 1829.[1]

 
Punch illustration of a meeting of the zoologists

The purpose of the society was to create a collection of animals for study at leisure, an associated museum and library. In April 1828, the Zoological Gardens were opened to members. In 1831 William IV presented the Royal Menagerie to the Zoological Society, and in 1847 the public was admitted to aid funding, and Londoners soon christened the Zoological Gardens the "Zoo". London Zoo soon had the most extensive collection of animals in the world.

A History of the ZSL, written by Henry Scherren (FZS), was published in 1905.[1] The History was criticised as inadequately researched by Peter Chalmers Mitchell in 1929; both histories were labelled inaccurate by John Bastin in 1970.[3]

 
Former ZSL logo

As the twentieth century began, the need to maintain and research large animals in a more natural environment became clear. Peter Chalmers Mitchell (ZSL Secretary 1903–35) conceived the vision of a new park no more than 70 miles (110 km) away from London and thus accessible to the public, and at least 200 acres (0.81 km2) in extent. In 1926, profiting from the agricultural depression, the ideal place was found: Hall Farm, near Whipsnade village, was derelict, and held almost 600 acres (2.4 km2) on the Chiltern Hills. ZSL bought the farm in December 1926 for £13,480 12s 10d. In 1928 the first animals arrived at the new Whipsnade Park—two Amherst pheasants, a golden pheasant and five red jungle fowl. Others soon followed, including muntjac deer, llamas, wombats and skunks. In 1931 Whipsnade Park was opened to the public as the world's first open zoological park.

In 1960–61, Lord Zuckerman, then Secretary of ZSL, raised funds from two medical foundations to found laboratories as an Institute of Zoology where scientists would be employed by ZSL and undertake research.

In June 2015 ZSL rebranded, taking on a new tagline—"Let's Work for Wildlife".[4] The new brand will be used to boost awareness in the UK and beyond of ZSL's global conservation programmes, scientific research, fundraising and wildlife education through the charity's two zoos.[5] The Society is a registered charity under English law.[6]

The Institute of Zoology

The Institute of Zoology is the scientific research division of the ZSL. It is a government-funded research institute, which specialises in scientific issues relevant to the conservation of species and their habitats. The Institute of Zoology focuses its research on five areas: evolutionary biology, genetics, ecology, reproductive biology and wildlife epidemiology. The Institute of Zoology was graded 4 in the 1997–2001 UK Research Assessment Exercise, and publishes reports annually. From the late 1980s the Institute of Zoology had been affiliated to the University of London. However, in 2000 this was replaced with a partnership with the University of Cambridge.

Zoos and publications

ZSL runs ZSL London Zoo, ZSL Whipsnade Zoo and had planned to open an aquarium, Biota!. The society published the Zoological Record (ZR) from 1864 to 1980, when the ZR was transferred to BIOSIS. The Society has published the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, now called the Journal of Zoology, since 1830. Since 1998 it has also published Animal Conservation. Other publications include the International Zoo Yearbook and Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation.

Awards

The society administers the following award programmes:[7]

Fellows

Individuals can be elected Fellows of the Zoological Society of London and therefore granted the post-nominal letters FZS.

Honorary Fellows

The ZSL's Honorary Fellows include:[9]

Council

The council is the governing body of the ZSL. There are 15 council members, led by the president and served by the secretary and treasurer. Council members are the trustees of the society and serve for up to five years at a time.[10]

Presidents

The Presidency is a voluntary position, with the role of leading the ZSL Council. The Society's Presidents and their dates in office are:[11]

Secretaries

The post of secretary is honorary and under the society's constitution carries the responsibility for the day-to-day management of the affairs of the ZSL. The secretaries and their dates in office are:[12][13]

Arms

Coat of arms of Zoological Society of London
 
Notes
Granted 10 February 1959 [14]
Crest
On a wreath Or and Sable, an osprey, wings extended, perched upon and grasping in talons a fish fesswise Proper.
Escutcheon
Gules, a lion passant guardant Or, armed and langued Azure, holding in the dexter paw a torch Or, enflamed Proper, the flame irradiated also Or.
Supporters
On either side a zebra Proper, collared Or.
Motto
'Curae Genus Omne Animantium'

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Scherren, Henry (1905). The Zoological Society of London. Cassell & Co.
  2. ^ "Zoological Society". The Times. No. 12956. London. 2 May 1826. col C, p. 3.
  3. ^ John Bastin (1970). "The first prospectus of the Zoological Society of London: new light on the Society's origins". Archives of Natural History. 5 (5): 369–388. doi:10.3366/jsbnh.1970.5.5.369.
  4. ^ "ZSL rebrands to boost its status as a conservation charity". Dial2Donate. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  5. ^ "ZSL rebrand: Let's Work for Wildlife". UK Zoo Guide. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
  6. ^ "Zoological Society of London, registered charity no. 208728". Charity Commission for England and Wales.
  7. ^ ZSL scientific awards
  8. ^ 1961 ff
  9. ^ The Zoological Society of London Honorary Fellows
  10. ^ Current ZSL Council Members
  11. ^ New president for ZSL promises public a gateway into conservation 14 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine ZSL press release announcing the new president in 2004
  12. ^ The Zoological Society of London. Charter and Byelaws. 1995.
  13. ^ Denton, Peter (12 May 1994). "Obituary: Sir Barry Cross". The Independent. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
  14. ^ "Zoological Society of London". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 25 September 2022.

External links

  • Official website
  • Bennett, Edward Turner (1830–31) The gardens and menagerie of the Zoological Society..., two volumes

zoological, society, london, charity, devoted, worldwide, conservation, animals, their, habitats, founded, 1826, since, 1828, maintained, london, since, 1931, whipsnade, park, founded1826, years, 1826, foundersir, stamford, raffles, marquess, lansdowne, lord, . The Zoological Society of London ZSL is a charity devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats It was founded in 1826 Since 1828 it has maintained the London Zoo and since 1931 Whipsnade Park Zoological Society of LondonFounded1826 197 years ago 1826 FounderSir Stamford Raffles Marquess of Lansdowne Lord Auckland Sir Humphry Davy Robert Peel Joseph Sabine Nicholas Aylward Vigors and othersTypeNon profit organisationPurposeTo promote worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats London Zoo and Whipsnade Zoo research in Institute of Zoology field conservationLocationLondon EnglandCoordinates51 32 09 N 0 09 27 W 51 5357 N 0 1575 W 51 5357 0 1575 Coordinates 51 32 09 N 0 09 27 W 51 5357 N 0 1575 W 51 5357 0 1575Websitewww wbr zsl wbr org Contents 1 History 2 The Institute of Zoology 3 Zoos and publications 4 Awards 5 Fellows 6 Honorary Fellows 7 Council 8 Presidents 9 Secretaries 10 Arms 11 Notes 12 External linksHistory Edit Sir Joseph Banks house was the initial meeting place for the Zoological Society Zoological Society of London ZSL Main Building by John Belcher and John James Joass Zoological Society of London ZSL Main Building Entrance On 29 November 1822 the birthday of John Ray the father of modern zoology a meeting held in the Linnean Society in Soho Square led by Rev William Kirby resolved to form a Zoological Club of the Linnean Society of London Between 1816 and 1826 discussions between Stamford Raffles Humphry Davy Joseph Banks and others led to the idea that London should have an establishment similar to the Jardin des Plantes in Paris It would house a zoological collection which should interest and amuse the public 1 Plan of the Zoological Society of London 1829 The society was founded in April 1826 by Sir Stamford Raffles the Marquess of Lansdowne Lord Auckland Sir Humphry Davy Robert Peel Joseph Sabine Nicholas Aylward Vigors along with various other nobility clergy and naturalists 1 2 Raffles was the first chairman and president but died after only a few months in office in July 1826 He was succeeded by the Marquess of Lansdowne who supervised the building of the first animal houses a parcel of land in Regent s Park having already been obtained from the Crown at the inaugural meeting It received a Royal Charter from George IV on 27 March 1829 1 Punch illustration of a meeting of the zoologists The purpose of the society was to create a collection of animals for study at leisure an associated museum and library In April 1828 the Zoological Gardens were opened to members In 1831 William IV presented the Royal Menagerie to the Zoological Society and in 1847 the public was admitted to aid funding and Londoners soon christened the Zoological Gardens the Zoo London Zoo soon had the most extensive collection of animals in the world A History of the ZSL written by Henry Scherren FZS was published in 1905 1 The History was criticised as inadequately researched by Peter Chalmers Mitchell in 1929 both histories were labelled inaccurate by John Bastin in 1970 3 Former ZSL logo As the twentieth century began the need to maintain and research large animals in a more natural environment became clear Peter Chalmers Mitchell ZSL Secretary 1903 35 conceived the vision of a new park no more than 70 miles 110 km away from London and thus accessible to the public and at least 200 acres 0 81 km2 in extent In 1926 profiting from the agricultural depression the ideal place was found Hall Farm near Whipsnade village was derelict and held almost 600 acres 2 4 km2 on the Chiltern Hills ZSL bought the farm in December 1926 for 13 480 12s 10d In 1928 the first animals arrived at the new Whipsnade Park two Amherst pheasants a golden pheasant and five red jungle fowl Others soon followed including muntjac deer llamas wombats and skunks In 1931 Whipsnade Park was opened to the public as the world s first open zoological park In 1960 61 Lord Zuckerman then Secretary of ZSL raised funds from two medical foundations to found laboratories as an Institute of Zoology where scientists would be employed by ZSL and undertake research In June 2015 ZSL rebranded taking on a new tagline Let s Work for Wildlife 4 The new brand will be used to boost awareness in the UK and beyond of ZSL s global conservation programmes scientific research fundraising and wildlife education through the charity s two zoos 5 The Society is a registered charity under English law 6 The Institute of Zoology EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Institute of Zoology is the scientific research division of the ZSL It is a government funded research institute which specialises in scientific issues relevant to the conservation of species and their habitats The Institute of Zoology focuses its research on five areas evolutionary biology genetics ecology reproductive biology and wildlife epidemiology The Institute of Zoology was graded 4 in the 1997 2001 UK Research Assessment Exercise and publishes reports annually From the late 1980s the Institute of Zoology had been affiliated to the University of London However in 2000 this was replaced with a partnership with the University of Cambridge Zoos and publications EditZSL runs ZSL London Zoo ZSL Whipsnade Zoo and had planned to open an aquarium Biota The society published the Zoological Record ZR from 1864 to 1980 when the ZR was transferred to BIOSIS The Society has published the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London now called the Journal of Zoology since 1830 Since 1998 it has also published Animal Conservation Other publications include the International Zoo Yearbook and Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation Awards EditThe society administers the following award programmes 7 Frink Medal Stamford Raffles Award Silver Medal ZSL Scientific Medal 8 Marsh Award for Conservation Biology Marsh Award for Marine and Freshwater Conservation Thomson Reuters Zoological Record Award for Communicating Zoology Prince Philip Award and Marsh Prize Charles Darwin Award and Marsh Prize Thomas Henry Huxley Award and Marsh Prize the Landseer MedalFellows EditSee also Category Fellows of the Zoological Society of London Individuals can be elected Fellows of the Zoological Society of London and therefore granted the post nominal letters FZS Honorary Fellows EditThe ZSL s Honorary Fellows include 9 1975 Jean Anthony Jean Dorst 1977 Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh 1984 Ernst Mayr 1988 Milton Thiago de Mello 1990 Knut Schmidt Nielsen 1991 Emperor Akihito of Japan 1992 Edward O Wilson 1996 John Maynard Smith 1997 Miriam Rothschild 1998 Sir David Attenborough 1999 Sir Robert May 2001 Patrick Bateson 2002 Robert McNeill Alexander CBE FRS 2002 William G Conway 2003 Brian Follett 2004 Sir Martin Holdgate 2005 Sir John Krebs Katherine Ralls Sir Brian Heap 2006 Sir John Lawton 2007 John Beddington 2011 Lord Moser 2012 Desmond Morris 2013 Ken SimsCouncil EditThe council is the governing body of the ZSL There are 15 council members led by the president and served by the secretary and treasurer Council members are the trustees of the society and serve for up to five years at a time 10 Presidents EditThe Presidency is a voluntary position with the role of leading the ZSL Council The Society s Presidents and their dates in office are 11 Sir Stamford Raffles 1826 Henry Petty Fitzmaurice 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne 1827 1831 Edward Smith Stanley 13th Earl of Derby 1831 1851 Prince Albert Prince Consort 1851 1862 Sir George Clerk Bt 1862 1868 Arthur Hay 9th Marquess of Tweeddale 1868 1878 Sir William H Flower 1879 1899 Herbrand Russell 11th Duke of Bedford 1899 1936 Richard Onslow 5th Earl of Onslow 1936 1942 Henry Gascoyne Maurice 1942 1948 Edward Cavendish 10th Duke of Devonshire 1948 1950 Alan Brooke 1st Viscount Alanbrooke 1950 1954 Sir Landsborough Thomson 1954 1960 Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh 1960 1977 Solly Zuckerman Baron Zuckerman 1977 1984 Sir William MacGregor Henderson 1984 1989 Avrion Mitchison 1989 1992 Field Marshal Sir John Chapple 1992 1994 Sir Martin Holdgate 1994 2004 Professor Sir Patrick Bateson 2004 2014 Professor Sir John Beddington CMG FRS 2014 2022 Professor Sir Jim Smith FRS 2022 Present Secretaries EditThe post of secretary is honorary and under the society s constitution carries the responsibility for the day to day management of the affairs of the ZSL The secretaries and their dates in office are 12 13 Nicholas Aylward Vigors 1826 1833 Edward Turner Bennett 1833 1836 William Yarrell 1836 1838 John Barlow 1838 1840 William Ogilby 1840 1847 David William Mitchell 1847 1859 Philip Lutley Sclater 1859 1902 William Lutley Sclater 1903 Peter Chalmers Mitchell 1903 1935 Julian Huxley 1935 1942 Sheffield Airey Neave 1942 1952 Anthony Chaplin 3rd Viscount Chaplin 1952 1955 Solly Zuckerman Baron Zuckerman 1955 1977 Ronald Henderson Hedley 1977 1980 Erasmus Darwin Barlow 1980 1982 John Guest Phillips 1982 1984 Richard M Laws 1984 1988 Barry Albert Cross 1988 1992 Professor Robert McNeill Alexander CBE FRS 1992 1999 Paul H Harvey 2000 2011 Professor Geoffrey Boxshall FRS 2011 2021 Professor Sir Jim Smith FRS 2021 2022 Arms EditCoat of arms of Zoological Society of London Notes Granted 10 February 1959 14 Crest On a wreath Or and Sable an osprey wings extended perched upon and grasping in talons a fish fesswise Proper Escutcheon Gules a lion passant guardant Or armed and langued Azure holding in the dexter paw a torch Or enflamed Proper the flame irradiated also Or Supporters On either side a zebra Proper collared Or Motto Curae Genus Omne Animantium Notes Edit a b c d Scherren Henry 1905 The Zoological Society of London Cassell amp Co Zoological Society The Times No 12956 London 2 May 1826 col C p 3 John Bastin 1970 The first prospectus of the Zoological Society of London new light on the Society s origins Archives of Natural History 5 5 369 388 doi 10 3366 jsbnh 1970 5 5 369 ZSL rebrands to boost its status as a conservation charity Dial2Donate Retrieved 20 August 2015 ZSL rebrand Let s Work for Wildlife UK Zoo Guide 13 June 2015 Retrieved 20 June 2015 Zoological Society of London registered charity no 208728 Charity Commission for England and Wales ZSL scientific awards 1961 ff The Zoological Society of London Honorary Fellows Current ZSL Council Members New president for ZSL promises public a gateway into conservation Archived 14 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine ZSL press release announcing the new president in 2004 The Zoological Society of London Charter and Byelaws 1995 Denton Peter 12 May 1994 Obituary Sir Barry Cross The Independent Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 Retrieved 14 October 2011 Zoological Society of London Heraldry of the World Retrieved 25 September 2022 External links EditOfficial website Bennett Edward Turner 1830 31 The gardens and menagerie of the Zoological Society two volumes Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zoological Society of London amp oldid 1132785042, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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