Average human height by country
Below are two tables which report the average adult human heights by country or geographical region. With regards the first table, original studies and sources should be consulted for details on methodology and the exact populations measured, surveyed, or considered. With regards the second table, these present estimates for the said regions for 2019, and the figures and declared sources may conflict with the findings of the first table.
Accuracy of the first table
As with any statistical data, the accuracy of the findings may be questionable for the following reasons:
- Some studies may allow subjects to self-report values.[1] Generally speaking, self-reported height tends to be taller than measured height, although the overestimation of height depends on the reporting subject's height, age, gender and region.[2][3][4][5]
- Test subjects may have been invited instead of chosen at random, resulting in sampling bias.
- Some countries may have significant height gaps between different regions. For instance, one survey shows there is 10.8 cm (4+1⁄2 in) gap between the tallest state and the shortest state in Germany.[6] Under such circumstances, the mean height may not represent the total population unless sample subjects are appropriately taken from all regions with using weighted average of the different regional groups.
- Different social groups can show different mean height. According to a study in France, executives and professionals are 2.6 cm (1 in) taller, and university students are 2.55 cm (1 in) taller[a] than the national average.[7] As this case shows, data taken from a particular social group may not represent a total population in some countries.
- The height of a person can vary over the course of a day, due to factors such as a height decrease from exercise done directly before measurement (i.e. inversely correlated), or a height increase since lying down for a significant period of time (i.e. positively correlated). For example, one study revealed a mean decrease of 1.54 centimetres (0.61 in) in the heights of 100 children from getting out of bed in the morning to between 4 and 5 p.m. that same day.[8] Such factors may not have been controlled in some of the studies.
First table: individual surveys and studies
Note: Letters in grey indicate non-measured height.
Country / region | Average male height | Average female height | Stature ratio (male to female) | Sample population / age range | Share of pop. over 18 covered[9][10][c] | Methodology | Year | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.3 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= m:1,979 f:1,687) | 97.2% | Measured | 2018 | [11] |
Albania | 174 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–29 (N= m:649 f:1,806) | 23.5% | Measured | 2008–2009 | [12][13] |
Albania | 176.6 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 18–41 (N= m:266(18-41) f:179(18-36), SD= m:7.36 cm (3 in) f:9.41 cm (3+1⁄2 in)) | 52.7% | Measured | 2020 | [14] |
Algeria | 169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–64 (N= m:1,626 f:2,491) | 68.1% | Measured | 2005 | [15] |
Argentina | 174.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | Healthy, 18 (N= m:90 f:97, SD= m:7.43 cm (3 in) f:6.99 cm (3 in)) | 2.9% | Measured | 1998–2001 | [16] |
Armenia | 171.5 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.2 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= m:605 f:1,449) | 90.5% | Measured | 2016 | [17] |
Australia | 175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 18+ | 100.0% | Measured | 2011–2012 | [18] |
Austria | 179 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–49 | 54.3% | Measured | 2006 | [19] |
Azerbaijan | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 165.4 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.04 | 16+ | 100.0% | Measured | 2005 | [20] |
Bahrain | 165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.2 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 19+ (N= m:1,120 f:1,181, SD= m:9.0 cm (3+1⁄2 in) f:7.8 cm (3 in)) | 97.7% | Measured | 2002 | [21] |
Bahrain | 171 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 156.6 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 18 | 1.9% | Measured | 2009 | [22][23] |
Bangladesh | 162.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 150.3 cm (4 ft 11 in) | 1.08 | 25+ (N= m:4,312 f:4,963) | 77.9% | Measured | 2009–2010 | [24] |
Belarus | 175.9 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:2,089 f:2,921) | 87.9% | Measured | 2016–2017 | [25] |
Belgium | 178.6 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.06 | 21 (N= m:20–49 f:20–49, SD= m:6.6 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:5.3 cm (2 in)) | 1.7% | Self-reported | 2001 | [26] |
Belize | 166.3 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.5 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.08 | 20+ (N= m:999 f:1,440) | 92.5% | Measured | 2010 | [27] |
Benin | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.05 | 18–69 (N= m:2,304 f:2,543) | 97.1% | Measured | 2015 | [28] |
Bhutan | 163.9 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 153.2 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:1071 f:1678) | 94.5% | Measured | 2014 | [29] |
Bolivia | — | 151.8 cm (5 ft 0 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:10,302, SD= f:5.9 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 52.6% | Self-reported | 2003 | [30] |
Bolivia | 162 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 149 cm (4 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | Aymara, 20–29 | — | Measured | 1970s | [31] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 183.9 cm (6 ft 1⁄2 in) | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | Students at UBL, 19–32(m), 19–26(f) (N= m:178 f:34, SD= m:7.11 cm (3 in) f:6.56 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 0.4% | Measured | 2014 | [32] |
Botswana | 170.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 15–69 (N= m:1,299 f:2,611) | 94.5% | Measured | 2014 | [33] |
Brazil | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.8 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18+ (N= m:62,037 f:65,696) | 100.0% | Measured | 2009 | [34][35] |
Brazil – Urban | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.6 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 20–24 (N= m:6,360 f:6,305) | — | Measured | 2009 | [34] |
Brazil – Rural | 170.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–24 (N= m:1,939 f:1,633) | — | Measured | 2009 | [34] |
Brunei | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 152 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.09 | 19+ (N= m:696 f:828) | 97.7% | Measured | 2010–2011 | [36] |
Bulgaria | 175.2 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 163.2 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 15+ (N= m/f:6,410) | 100.0% | Self-reported | 2008 | [37][38] |
Burkina Faso | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.05 | 25–64 (N= m:2,224 f:2,252) | 65.3% | Measured | 2013 | [39] |
Cambodia | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 151.9 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:1881 f:3430) | 67.0% | Measured | 2010 | [40] |
Cameroon – Urban | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 15+ (N= m:3,746 f:5,078) | 100.0% | Measured | 2003 | [41] |
Canada | 175.1 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.08 | 18–79 | 94.7% | Measured | 2007–2009 | [42] |
Central African Republic | — | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:1,408, SD= f:6.6 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 50.0% | Self-reported | 1994 | [30] |
Chad | — | 162.6 cm (5 ft 4 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,393, SD= f:6.4 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 51.9% | Self-reported | 2004 | [30] |
Chile | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 156.1 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 15+ | 100.0% | Measured | 2009–2010 | [43] |
China | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.8 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18+ | 100.0% | Measured | 2012 | [44] |
China | 169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.08 | 18–44 | 34.26% | Measured | 2020 | [45] |
China | 172.6 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.07 | 20–24 | — | Measured | 2020 | [46][47] |
Colombia | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18–22 (N= m:1,528,875 f:1,468,110) | 14.1% | Measured | 2002 | [48] |
Comoros | — | 154.8 cm (5 ft 1 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:644, SD= f:5.8 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 49.8% | Self-reported | 1996 | [30] |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | — | 157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,727, SD= f:8.0 cm (3 in)) | 52.7% | Self-reported | 2005 | [30] |
Congo, Republic of the | — | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:3,922, SD= f:8.1 cm (3 in)) | 55.7% | Self-reported | 2007 | [30] |
Costa Rica – San José | 169.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 155.9 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 20+ (N= m:523 f:904) | 94.6% | Measured | 2010 | [27] |
Croatia | 180.4 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.5 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18 (N= m:358 f:360, SD= m:6.8 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:6.1 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 1.6% | Measured | 2006–2008 | [49] |
Cuba – Urban | 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 15+ | 100.0% | Measured | 1999 | [50] |
Czech Republic | 177.7 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 25–64 (N= m:788 f:896) | 68.5% | Measured | 2016–2017 | [51] |
Czech Republic | 180.3 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | 17 | 0.0% | Measured | 2001 | [52] |
Denmark | 180.4 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | Conscripts, 18–20 (N= m:38,025) | 5.3% | Measured | 2012 | [53] |
Dinaric Alps | 185.6 cm (6 ft 1 in) | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 17 (N=m: 2705 f: 2842) | 0.0% | Measured | 2005 | [54] |
Dominican Republic | 172.7 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 25–49 (N= f:4,763, SD= f:6.3 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 54.8% | Self-reported | 2014 | [55] |
East Timor | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 152.9 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.04 | 18–69 (N= m:1,083 f:1,526) | 95.9% | Measured | 2014 | [56] |
Ecuador | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 154.2 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | — | — | Measured | 2014 | [57] |
El Salvador | — | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | — | 25–49 | 50.9% | Self-reported | 2007 | [30] |
El Salvador – San Salvador | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.9 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20+ (N= m:625 f:1,245) | 93.0% | Measured | 2010 | [27] |
Egypt | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 20–24 (N= m:845 f:1,059) | 16.6% | Measured | 2008 | [58] |
Estonia | 178.6 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.8 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 18+ (N= m/f:50,916, SD= m:7.1 cm (3 in) f:6.4 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 100.0% | Measured | 2003–2010 | [59] |
Eswatini | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 15–69 (N= m:1,107 f:1,993) | 96.2% | Measured | 2014 | [60] |
Ethiopia | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.06 | 15–69 (N= m:3,917 f:5,757) | 96.6% | Measured | 2015 | [61] |
Fiji | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 15–64 (N: m:2,685 f:2,859) | 93.9% | Measured | 2002 | [62] |
Finland | 178.9 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 25–34 (N= m/f:2,305) | 19.0% | Measured | 1994 | [63] |
Finland | 180.7 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | –25[clarification needed] (N= m/f:26,636) | 9.2% | Measured | 2010–2011 | [63][64] |
France | 175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.08 | 18–70 (N= m/f:11,562) | 85.9% | Measured | 2003–2004 | [65][66] |
France | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20+ | 96.6% | Measured | 2001 | [7] |
Gabon | 171 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 15–64 (N= m:1,054 f:1,634, SD= m:7.2 cm (3 in) f:6.7 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 91.9% | Measured | 2009 | [67] |
The Gambia | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.04 | 25–64 (N= m:1,633 f:1,940, SD= m:11.7 cm (4+1⁄2 in) f:9.8 cm (4 in)) | 66.8% | Measured | 2011 | [68] |
The Gambia – Rural | 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.06 | 21–49 (N= m:9,559 f:13,160, SD= m:6.7 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:5.6 cm (2 in)) | — | Measured | 1950–1974 | [69] |
Georgia | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= m:1,271 f:2,933) | 85.6% | Measured | 2016 | [70][71] |
Germany | 178.9 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166.1 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–39 | 29.2% | Measured | 2007 | [6] |
Germany | 175.4 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.08 | 18–79 (N= m/f:19,768) | 94.3% | Measured | 2007 | [6] |
Germany | 178 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 18+ (N= m:25,112 f:25,560) | 100.0% | Self-reported | 2009 | [72] |
Ghana | 169.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–29 | 14.7% | Measured | 1987–1989 | [73] |
Greece | 177 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.07 | 18–49 | 56.3% | Measured | 2003 | [19] |
Guatemala | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 148.1 cm (4 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 15–59 (N= m:6,624(15–59) f:15,211(15–49)) | — | Measured | 2008–2009 | [74] |
Guinea | — | 158.8 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,563, SD= f:6.3 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 52.9% | Self-reported | 2005 | [30] |
Haiti | — | 158.6 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,932, SD= f:6.5 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 52.8% | Self-reported | 2005 | [30] |
Honduras – Tegucigalpa | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 153.9 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 20+ (N= m:644 f:1,052) | 92.6% | Measured | 2010 | [27] |
Honduras | — | 152 cm (5 ft 0 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:11,219, SD= f:6.4 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 53.3% | Self-reported | 2005 | [30] |
Hong Kong | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18 (N= m:468 f:453, SD= m:5.5 cm (2 in) f:5.7 cm (2 in)) | 1.4% | Measured | 2006 | [75] |
Hong Kong | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.08 | University students, 19–20 (N= m:291 f:200, SD= m:6.1 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:5.2 cm (2 in)) | 0.6%[76] | Measured | 2005 | [77] |
Hungary | 176 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | Adults | — | Measured | 2000s | [78] |
Hungary | 177.3 cm (5 ft 10 in) | — | — | 18 (N= m:1,080, SD= m:5.99 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 1.7% | Measured | 2005 | [79] |
Iceland | 181 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | 20–49 | 43.6% | Self-reported | 2007 | [19] |
India | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.10 | 18 (N = m:34,411 f: 30,218) | 3.4% | Measured | 2011 | [80] |
India | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 152 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.09 | 20–49 (N= m:69,245 f:118,796) | 44.3% | Measured | 2011 | [81] |
Indonesia | 162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 153.1 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 19 (N= 300,000; Jakarta: males = 165.1 cm, females = 155.6 cm) | — | Measured | 2018 | [82] |
Iran | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157.2 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.08 | 21+ (N= m/f:89,532, SD= m:8.05 cm (3 in) f:7.22 cm (3 in)) | 88.1% | Measured | 2005 | [83] |
Iran | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.09 | 20–25 | — | Measured | 2005 | [83] |
Iraq | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 157.5 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | 18+ (N= m:1,596 f:2,318) | 100.0% | Measured | 2015 | [84] |
Ireland | 177 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.09 | 20–49 | 61.8% | Measured | 2007 | [19] |
Israel | 177 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 166 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18–21 | 9.7% | Measured | 2010 | [85] |
Italy | 176.5 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.09 | 18 | 1.4% | Measured | 1999–2004 | [12][23][86] |
Italy – South | 177.4 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–21 (N= m:479 f:412) | 5.6% | Measured | 2018 | [87][88] |
Italy – North | 179.4 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.09 | 18–21 (N= m:825 f:601) | 5.6% | Measured | 2018 | [87][88] |
Ivory Coast | 170.1 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.1 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–29 (SD= m:6.7 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:5.67 cm (2 in)) | 14.6% | Measured | 1985–1987 | [73] |
Jamaica | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–74 | 71.4% | Measured | 1994–1996 | [89] |
Japan | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.6 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–49 (N= m:10,131 f:8,984) | 60.7% | Measured | 2018 | [90][91] |
Japan | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.08 | 17 (N = 1,108,891 High School students) | 0.0% | Measured | 2018 | [92][93] |
Japan | 172 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | 20–49 | 47.2% | Measured | 2005 | [19] |
Jordan | 173 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 18–69 (N= m:2,203 f:3,510) | 96.3% | Measured | 2019 | [94] |
Kazakhstan | — | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:1,600, SD= f:6.3 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 53.7% | Self-reported | 1999 | [30] |
Kenya | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.2 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–49 (N= f:4,856, SD= f:7.3 cm (3 in)) | 52.5% | Self-reported | 2016 | [30][95] |
Kiribati | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.4 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= f:566 m:698) | 96.2% | Measured | 2015–2016 | [96] |
North Korea | 165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.9 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.07 | Defectors, 20–39 (N= m/f:1,075) | 46.4% | Measured | 2005 | [97] |
South Korea | 174.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.5 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–22 | — | Measured | 2010–2012 | [98] |
South Korea | 175.1 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 163.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–29 (N= m:32,411 f:21,241) | — | Measured | 2019 | [99][100] |
Kosovo[d] | 179.5 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | Students, average age 18.25 (N= m:830 f:793, SD= m:7.02 cm, f:4.93 cm) | — | Measured | 2017 | [101][102] |
Kosovo – Pristina[e] | 180.6 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | Students, 17–18 (N= m:100 f:93, SD= m:5.88 cm, f:4.72 cm) | — | Measured | 2017 | [102] |
Kuwait | 172 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.6 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= m:1,385 f:2,232) | 98.3% | Measured | 2013–2014 | [103] |
Kyrgyzstan | — | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,424, SD= f:5.8 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 55.4% | Self-reported | 1997 | [30] |
Laos – Vientiane | 162.2 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 153.4 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:1,635 f:2,430) | 67.6% | Measured | 2008 | [104] |
Latvia | 181.2 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168.8 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 19 | 1.1% | Measured | 2019 | [105] |
Lebanon | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 162.4 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:736 f:992) | 93.3% | Measured | 2016–2017 | [106] |
Lesotho | — | 157.6 cm (5 ft 2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:1,879, SD= f:6.7 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 49.8% | Self-reported | 2004 | [30] |
Liberia | 161.1 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 154.2 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.04 | 25–64 (m:982 f:1237) | 69.0% | Measured | 2011 | [107] |
Lithuania | 181.3 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 167.5 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | 18 | 2.1% | Measured | 2001 | [108] |
Lithuania – Urban | 178.4 cm (5 ft 10 in) | — | — | Conscripts, 19–25 (N= m:91 SD= m:6.7 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 9.9% | Measured | 2005[109] | [110] |
Lithuania – Rural | 176.2 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | — | — | Conscripts, 19–25 (N= m:106 SD= m:5.9 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 4.9% | Measured | 2005[109] | [110] |
Madagascar – Antananarivo Province | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 154 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:1,102 f:1,112) | 67.1% | Measured | 2005 | [111] |
Madagascar | — | 154.3 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:5,024, SD= f:6.0 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 53.6% | Self-reported | 2003 | [30] |
Malawi | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 155.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:1,669 f:3,454) | 67.0% | Measured | 2009 | [112] |
Malawi – Urban | 166 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 155 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.07 | 16–60 (N= m:583 f:315, SD= m:6.0 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:9.4 cm (3+1⁄2 in)) | — | Measured | 2000 | [113] |
Malaysia | 165.2 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.07 | 25–64 (N= m:1,044 f:1,528) | 71.1% | Measured | 2005 | [114] |
Malaysia | 166.3 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.7 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.07 | Malay, 20–24 (N= m:749 f:893, SD= m:6.46 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:6.04 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 9.7%[115] | Measured | 1996 | [116] |
Malaysia | 168.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.07 | Chinese, 20–24 (N= m:407 f:453, SD= m:6.98 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:6.72 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 4.1%[115] | Measured | 1996 | [116] |
Malaysia | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 155.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.09 | Indian, 20–24 (N= m:113 f:140, SD= m:5.84 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:6.18 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 1.2%[115] | Measured | 1996 | [116] |
Malaysia | 163.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 151.9 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.08 | Other indigenous, 20–24 (N= m:257 f:380, SD= m:6.26 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:5.95 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 0.4%[115] | Measured | 1996 | [116] |
Maldives | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 153 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.08 | 15–64 (N= m:661 f:1,103) | 94.2% | Measured | 2011 | [117] |
Mali – Southern Mali | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.07 | Rural adults (N= m:121 f:320, SD= m:6.6 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:5.7 cm (2 in)) | — | Measured | 1992 | [118] |
Malta | 169.9 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.06 | 18+ | 100.0% | Self-reported | 2003 | [119] |
Marshall Islands | 163.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 151.6 cm (4 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 15–64 (N= m:762 f:1187) | 93.4% | Measured | 2002 | [120] |
Mauritania | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.05 | 15–64 (N= m:1141 f:1362) | 93.6% | Measured | 2006 | [121] |
Mexico | 172 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–65 | 62.0% | Measured | 2014 | [122] |
Micronesia, Federated States of | 169.2 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:634 f:1212) | 71.4% | Measured | 2006 | [123] |
Moldova | 173 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:1,711 f:2,772) | 89.9% | Measured | 2013 | [124] |
Moldova | — | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:4,757, SD= f:6.2 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 45.9% | Self-reported | 2005 | [30] |
Mongolia | 167.8 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.8 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 15–64 (N= m:2,656 f:3,117) | 94.0% | Measured | 2015 | [125] |
Montenegro | 182.9 cm (6 ft 0 in) | 169.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 17–20 (N= m:981 f:1107, SD= m:6.89 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:6.37 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 5.2% | Measured | 2017 | [126][127] |
Morocco | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.2 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18+ (N= m:1871 f:3390) | 100.0% | Measured | 2017 | [128] |
Mozambique | — | 156 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:6,912, SD= f:6.2 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 55.0% | Self-reported | 2003 | [30] |
Myanmar | 163.5 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 153.4 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–64 (N= m:2948 f:5447) | 73.1% | Measured | 2014 | [129] |
Namibia | — | 160.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:5,575, SD= f:7.1 cm (3 in)) | 50.4% | Self-reported | 2006 | [30] |
Nauru | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.6 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 15–64 (N= m:1,083 f:1,186) | 97.1% | Measured | 2004 | [130] |
Nepal | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 150.4 cm (4 ft 11 in) | 1.08 | 15–69 (N= m:1,326 f:2,798) | 95.3% | Measured | 2012–2013 | [131] |
Nepal | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 150.8 cm (4 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 25–49 (N= f:6,280, SD= f:5.5 cm (2 in)) | 52.9% | Self-reported | 2006 | [30] |
Netherlands | 183.8 cm (6 ft 1⁄2 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 1.08 | 21 (N= m:74 f:50, SD= m:7.1 cm (3 in) f:6.3 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 1.5% | Measured | 2009 | [132] |
Netherlands | 181.2 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 19+ (N= m:326,766 f:392,145) | — | Self-reported | 2020 | [133][134] |
New Zealand | 177 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–49 | 56.9% | Measured | 2007 | [19] |
Nicaragua | — | 153.7 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 | 54.1% | Self-reported | 2001 | [30] |
Nicaragua – Managua | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.7 cm (5 ft 1 in) | 1.08 | 20+ (N= m:1,024 f:969) | 92.0% | Measured | 2010 | [27] |
Nigeria | 163.8 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.04 | 18–74 | 98.6% | Measured | 1994–1996 | [89] |
Nigeria | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.04 | 20–29 (N= m:139 f:76, SD= m:6.5 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:5.7 cm (2 in)) | 33.2% | Measured | 2011 | [135] |
North Macedonia | 179.2 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.8 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.09 | 18 (N= m:137 f:132) | 1.7% | Measured | 2016 | [136] |
Norway | 179.9 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | Conscripts, 18–44 (N= m:30,884 f:28,796) | 35.3% | Measured | 2012 | [137] |
Norway | 179.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 167 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20–85 (N= m:1534 f:1743) | 93.6% | Self-reported | 2008–2009 | [9][35][138] |
Oman | 167.4 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.1 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18+ (N= m:3,338 f:2,955) | 100.0% | Measured | 2017 | [139][140] |
Pakistan | 165.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 153.9 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18–69 (N= m/f:6613) | 95.3% | Measured | 2013–2014 | [141] |
Pakistan – Rabwah | 172 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 19 (N= m:2084 f:2209) | — | Measured | 2016 | [142] |
Papua New Guinea | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 154.3 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.05 | 15–64 (N= m:1,408 f:1,451) | 93.9% | Measured | 2007–2008 | [143] |
Peru | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 151 cm (4 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 20+ | — | Measured | 2005 | [144] |
Philippines | 163.5 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 151.8 cm (5 ft 0 in) | 1.08 | 20–39 | 31.5%[145] | Measured | 2003 | [146] |
Poland | 172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 159.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.08 | 44–69 (N= m:4336 f: 4559) | 39.4% | Measured | 2007 | [147] |
Poland | 178.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 18 (N= m:846 f:1,126) | 1.6% | Measured | 2010 | [148] |
Portugal | 173.9 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | — | — | 18 (N= m:696) | 1.5% | Measured | 2008 | [12][149] |
Portugal | 171 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 161 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 20–50 | 56.7% | Self-reported | 2001 | [19] |
Qatar | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | 18–64 (N= m:1,038 f:1,423) | — | Measured | 2012 | [150] |
Qatar | 170.8 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 161.1 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 18 | 1.9% | Measured | 2005 | [23][151] |
Russia | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18 | 1.6%[152] | Measured | 2010–2012 | [153] |
Rwanda | 163.9 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 155.7 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.05 | 15–64 (N= m:2,649 f:4,467) | 95.4% | Measured | 2012–2013 | [154] |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 161.6 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.05 | 25–64 (N= f:514 m:889) | 72.3% | Measured | 2007–2008 | [155] |
Samoa | — | 166.6 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | — | 18–28 (N= f:55 SD= f:6.5 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 32.6% | Measured | 2004 | [156] |
Saudi Arabia | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 154.3 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 15–64 (N= m:2,244 f:2,345) | 95.4% | Measured | 2005 | [157] |
Saudi Arabia | 168.9 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 156.3 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18 | 3.0% | Measured | 2010 | [23][158] |
Senegal | — | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:2,533, SD= f:6.7 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 54.4% | Self-reported | 2005 | [30] |
Senegal – Urban | 179 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166.1 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 20+ (N= 984 (m:494 f:490, SD= m:8.07 cm (3 in) f:6.88 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | — | Measured | 2015 | [159] |
Senegal – Rural | 175.9 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.8 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 20+ (N= 496 (m:241 f:255, SD= m:8.09 cm (3 in) f:8.77 cm (3+1⁄2 in)) | — | Measured | 2015 | [159] |
Serbia | 177.4 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 163.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 20+ (N= m:6,007 f:6,453) | — | Measured | 2013 | [160] |
Serbia | 182 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | Students at UNS,18–30 (N= m:318 f:76, SD= m:6.74 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:5.88 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 0.7%[161] | Measured | 2012 | [162] |
Sierra Leone | 166 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.05 | 25–64 (N= m:1,996 f:2,311) | 67.6% | Measured | 2009 | [163] |
Singapore | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 160 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.07 | Chinese students at TP, 16–18[f] (N= m:52 f:49, SD= m:6 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:5 cm (2 in)) | 0.3%[164][165] | Measured | 2003 | [166] |
Singapore | 172.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) | — | — | Chinese conscripts, average age 18.5 SD 1.2, (N= 104,223, SD= 6.2 cm) | — | Measured | 2009–2014 | [167] |
Singapore | 170.2 cm (5 ft 7 in) | — | — | Malay conscripts, average age 18.5 SD 1.2, (N= 25,405, SD= 6.2 cm) | — | Measured | 2009–2014 | [167] |
Singapore | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | — | — | Indian conscripts, average age 18.4 SD 1.3, (N= 11,865 , SD= 6.6 cm) | — | Measured | 2009–2014 | [167] |
Slovakia | 179.3 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.4 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 18 (N= m:824 f:824) | 1.6% | Measured | 2011 | [168] |
Slovenia – Ljubljana | 180.3 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.4 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 1.08 | 19 | 0.2%[169] | Measured | 2011 | [170] |
Solomon Islands | 166.4 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 155.7 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–64 (N= m:688 f:1018) | 68.3% | Measured | 2006 | [171] |
South Africa | 168 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 19 (N= m:121 f:118) | 3.6% | Measured | 2003 | [172] |
Sri Lanka | 163.6 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 151.4 cm (4 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18+ (N= m:1,768 f:2,709, SD= m:6.9 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:6.4 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 100.0% | Measured | 2005–2006 | [173] |
Sudan | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:2,662 f:4,548) | 96.2% | Measured | 2016 | [174] |
Spain | 173.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | — | — | 18+ (N= m:1,551 [g][175]) | 88.2% | Measured | 2013–2014 | [176][177] |
Spain | — | 159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | — | 18–70 (N= f:8,217[h][178]) | 83.5% | Measured | 2007–2008 | [35] [179][176][178] |
Spain | 177.3 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 18.1–24 (N= m:1,275 f:1,292) | — | Measured | 2008 | [180] |
Spain | 174 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.07 | 20–49 | 57.0% | Self-reported | 2007 | [19] |
Sweden | 181.5 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | 20–29 | 15.6% | Measured | 2008 | [181] |
Sweden | 177.9 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | 20–74 | 86.3% | Self-reported | 1987–1994 | [182] |
Switzerland | 178.2 cm (5 ft 10 in) | — | — | Conscripts, 19 (N= m:12,447, Median= m:178.0 cm (5 ft 10 in), SD= m:6.52 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 1.5% | Measured | 2009 | [183] |
Switzerland | 175.4 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 20–74 | 88.8% | Self-reported | 1987–1994 | [182] |
Taiwan | 171.4 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.07 | 17 (N= m:200 f:200) | 0.0% | Measured | 2011 | [184][185][186] |
Tanzania | — | 156.6 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:6,033, SD= f:6.5 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 52.8% | Self-reported | 2004 | [30] |
Thailand | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | STOU students, 15–19 (N= m:839 f:1,636, SD= m:6.3 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:5.9 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 0.0%[187] | Self-reported | 2005 | [188] |
Thailand | 163.7 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 153.7 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | Agricultural workers in Nakhon Ratchasima province, 18–59 (N=139 m:71 f:68) | — | Measured | 2018 | [189] |
Togo | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 159.3 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 15–64 (N= m:2,064 f:2,249) | 93.3% | Measured | 2010 | [190] |
Tonga | 177.9 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 167 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 25–64 (N= m:880 f:1,466) | 66.8% | Measured | 2012 | [191] |
Trinidad and Tobago | 173.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 1.08 | 15–64 (N= m:1112 f:1608) | 89.0% | Measured | 2011 | [192] |
Tunisia | 171 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 157 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | 20–85 (N= m:322 f:107, SD= m:6.74 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:6.29 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 92.7% | Measured | 1998–2003 | [193] |
Turkey | 171.4 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | 15+ (N= m:2,448 f:3,605) | 100.0% | Measured | 2017 | [194] |
Turkey | 173.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 20–22 (N= m:322 f:247) | 8.3% | Measured | 2007 | [12][23][195] |
Turkey – Ankara | 174 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.10 | 18–59 (N= m:703 f:512, SD= m:6.9 cm (2+1⁄2 in) f:6.4 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 5.1%[196] | Measured | 2004–2006 | [197] |
Turkey – Trabzon | 175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.07 | 18–27 (N= m:107 f:52) | — | Measured | 1994 | [198] |
Turkmenistan | 173.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 162.7 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 1.07 | 18–69 (N= m:1,713 f:2,237) | 95.7% | Measured | 2018 | [199] |
Uganda | 166.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.06 | 18–69 (N= m:1,565 f:2,122) | 96.2% | Measured | 2014 | [200] |
Ukraine | 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 164 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18+ | 100.0% | Measured | 2020 | [201] |
United Arab Emirates | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 156.4 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.11 | — | — | — | — | [202] |
United Kingdom – England | 175.3 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 16+ (N= m:3,154 f:3,956) | 100.0%[203] | Measured | 2012 | [5] |
United Kingdom – Scotland | 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | 16+ (N= m:2,512 f:3,180}) | 100.0%[203] | Measured | 2008 | [204] |
United States | 175.3 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 1.09 | All Americans, 20+ (N= m:5,232 f:5,547) | 100.0% | Measured | 2015–2018 | [205] |
United States – Non-Hispanic Whites | 178 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 1.08 | Non-Hispanic white, 20–39 (N= m:715 f:689) | 17.1%[206] | Measured | 2015–2018 | [205] |
United States – African Americans | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | Non-Hispanic black, 20–39 (N= m:405 f:418) | 3.4%[206] | Measured | 2015–2018 | [205] |
United States – Asian Americans | 172.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | Non-Hispanic Asian, 20–39 (N= m:260 f:272) | 1.3%[206] | Measured | 2015–2018 | [205] |
United States – Hispanic and Latino Americans | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.08 | Hispanic, 20–39 (N= m:385 f:428) | 4.4%[206] | Measured | 2015–2018 | [205] |
United States – Mexican Americans | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 157.5 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.09 | Mexican American, 20–39 (N= m:233 f:247) | 2.8%[206] | Measured | 2015–2018 | [205] |
Uruguay | 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.08 | Adults (N= m:2,249 f:2,114) | — | Measured | 1990 | [207] |
Uzbekistan | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 1.08 | 18–64 (N= m:1,531 f:2,161) | 93.1% | Measured | 2014 | [208] |
Vanuatu | 167.8 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 1.06 | 25–64 (N= m:2,257 f:2,244) | 70.1% | Measured | 2011–2012 | [209] |
Vietnam | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.2 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 1.07 | 18 (around 22,400 families across 25 cities and provinces) | — | Measured | 2019–2020 | [210] |
Zambia | — | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:4,091, SD= f:6.5 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 54.2% | Self-reported | 2007 | [30] |
Zimbabwe | — | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | — | 25–49 (N= f:4,746, SD= f:6.2 cm (2+1⁄2 in)) | 47.3% | Self-reported | 2005 | [30] |
Accuracy of the second table
As with any statistical data, the accuracy of the findings may be questionable for the following reasons:
- The study uses a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height, 1,344 academics having collated the results of 2,181 studies covering 65 million people, and mean BMI in one-year age groups for ages 5–19 years across 193 regions, all based on selected material rather than all available.[211][212]
- The figures demonstrate a discrepancy with many of the findings of the first table, for example with Bosnia and Herzegovina which is ranked sixth on the following table, an actual survey from 2014 already found males from 19-32 to average 1.839 as opposed to the 1.825 reported below; similarly Montenegro's male estimate of 1.833 would not compensate for the unfinished growth of its actual 1.829 measurement on the first table for a sample to include 17- and 18-year olds.
- Akin to the above point, the table and diagrams of this subsection are reliant on one singular publication which in turn cites surveys that cannot be scrutinised by the public since the public has no access to them (i.e. age range per study, its sample size, other background factors, etc.). Of particular interest is a round figure and in-source references for North Korea. The requisition of such claimed details is questionable in light of global difficulties in obtaining statistics from North Korea. The figure for North Korea produced in the first table confirms that the measurements actually occurred in South Korea and the sample in question had been self-admitted defectors from North Korea.
Second table: estimated average height of 19-year-olds by region for 2019
Territories are sorted according to the average of the male and female mean height:
№ | Country | Average height in general | Average male height | Average female height |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Netherlands | 177.1 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 183.8 cm (6 ft 1⁄2 in) | 170.4 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
2 | Montenegro | 176.6 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 183.3 cm (6 ft 0 in) | 170.0 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
3 | Estonia | 175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 182.8 cm (6 ft 0 in) | 168.7 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) |
Denmark | 175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 181.9 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 169.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | |
5 | Iceland | 175.5 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 182.1 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168.9 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) |
6 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 182.5 cm (6 ft 0 in) | 167.5 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
Latvia | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 181.2 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168.8 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | |
8 | Czech Republic | 174.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 181.2 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 168.0 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
9 | Serbia | 174.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.7 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 168.3 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) |
10 | Lithuania | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.7 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
Slovenia | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 181.0 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | |
12 | Slovakia | 174.0 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 181.0 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
13 | Croatia | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.8 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
Ukraine | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 181.0 cm (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | 166.6 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
15 | Sweden | 173.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.5 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.7 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
16 | Dominica | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.2 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
Finland | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.6 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.5 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
18 | Norway | 173.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 180.5 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.4 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
19 | Germany | 173.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 180.3 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 166.2 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
Poland | 173.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 180.7 cm (5 ft 11 in) | 165.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
21 | Bermuda (UK) | 172.9 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 179.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166.1 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
22 | Belarus | 172.8 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
Cook Islands (NZ) | 172.8 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.3 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 167.3 cm (5 ft 6 in) | |
24 | Austria | 172.7 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.5 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
25 | Kosovo | 172.6 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 179.5 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
26 | Greece | 172.5 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 179.3 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
27 | French Polynesia (France) | 172.4 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.3 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 166.5 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
28 | American Samoa (US) | 172.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 177.1 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) |
Grenada | 172.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 166.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
30 | Antigua and Barbuda | 172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.8 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
31 | Andorra | 172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 178.8 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
Niue (NZ) | 172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 177.2 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 167.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
33 | Luxembourg | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.5 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
34 | Australia | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.8 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
Ireland | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 179.0 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | |
Canada | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | |
37 | France | 171.5 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.6 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
Switzerland | 171.5 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.7 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | |
39 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 171.4 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 177.5 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
40 | Barbados | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 177.0 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
Lebanon | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 179.0 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 163.7 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | |
Puerto Rico (US) | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 179.5 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
43 | Belgium | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 179.1 cm (5 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Romania | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 177.8 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | |
New Zealand | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 177.7 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | |
46 | Tokelau (NZ) | 171.1 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 176.1 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 166.1 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) |
47 | United Kingdom | 171.0 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 178.2 cm (5 ft 10 in) | 163.9 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
48 | Saint Lucia | 170.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
49 | Jamaica | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 177.0 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Tonga | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 175.1 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 166.1 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | |
51 | Russia | 170.5 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.6 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
52 | United States | 170.1 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.9 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
53 | Senegal | 170.0 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.2 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.9 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
54 | Cape Verde | 169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.3 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
Trinidad and Tobago | 169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.0 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | |
56 | China | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 163.5 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Georgia | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 176.0 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 163.2 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | |
58 | Hungary | 169.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.6 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
Libya | 169.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.6 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
60 | Bulgaria | 169.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.2 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) |
61 | South Korea | 169.3 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.5 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 163.2 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Moldova | 169.3 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 163.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
Tunisia | 169.3 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.9 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
64 | Seychelles | 169.2 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.9 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
65 | Fiji | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.0 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Israel | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.0 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.2 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
Samoa | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 163.8 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | |
Turkey | 169.1 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
69 | Brazil | 169.0 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.4 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
Spain | 169.0 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.1 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 162.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
71 | Bahamas | 168.9 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 163.5 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
72 | Morocco | 168.8 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
73 | Malta | 168.7 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 163.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
74 | Algeria | 168.6 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
North Macedonia | 168.6 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 176.4 cm (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) | 160.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Kazakhstan | 168.6 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.5 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Turkmenistan | 168.6 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
78 | Mali | 168.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 162.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
79 | Iran | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
Suriname | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 174.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) | |
81 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 173.7 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
82 | Albania | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 162.2 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
Palestine | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Italy | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
85 | Argentina | 168.0 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.8 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
86 | North Korea | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.7 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
Uruguay | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.3 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.6 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Dominican Republic | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
89 | Portugal | 167.8 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.4 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
90 | Egypt | 167.7 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
Azerbaijan | 167.7 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.0 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.4 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Hong Kong | 167.7 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.8 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
93 | Botswana | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 173.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 162.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
Greenland (Denmark) | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.4 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
95 | Kuwait | 167.5 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
96 | Tuvalu | 167.4 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 171.3 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 163.6 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) |
Singapore | 167.4 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
98 | United Arab Emirates | 167.3 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.1 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.5 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
99 | Costa Rica | 167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.0 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
100 | Jordan | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 174.8 cm (5 ft 9 in) | 159.5 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Taiwan | 167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
102 | Qatar | 167.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
103 | Chad | 166.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 171.8 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 162.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) |
104 | Cuba | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.6 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Armenia | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.7 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Paraguay | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
107 | Venezuela | 166.7 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.5 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
108 | Cyprus | 166.6 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.7 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Burkina Faso | 166.6 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 171.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
110 | Haiti | 166.4 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
111 | Cameroon | 166.2 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Iraq | 166.2 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.8 cm (5 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Sudan | 166.2 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
114 | Chile | 166.1 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.9 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 159.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
115 | Kyrgyzstan | 165.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.2 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Mauritius | 165.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 173.0 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Guyana | 165.9 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
118 | Uzbekistan | 165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
119 | Bahrain | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 172.8 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 158.3 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
Kiribati | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.1 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 161.0 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | |
Somalia | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Syria | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.6 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Thailand | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.6 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 159.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
124 | Djibouti | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.8 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Japan | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Mongolia | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
127 | Gabon | 165.2 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.5 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Zimbabwe | 165.2 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
129 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.4 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
130 | Gambia | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 161.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) |
Niger | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Oman | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.7 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.4 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Palau | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.5 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Namibia | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
Republic of the Congo | 165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.2 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.8 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
136 | Colombia | 164.9 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.9 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.0 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
Kenya | 164.9 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.5 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.4 cm (5 ft 3 in) | |
138 | Nigeria | 164.8 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 171.6 cm (5 ft 7+1⁄2 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
139 | Guinea | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.8 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
Saudi Arabia | 164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.8 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
141 | Federated States of Micronesia | 164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.7 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Ghana | 164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Togo | 164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 170.1 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 159.1 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
144 | Vanuatu | 164.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.3 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 160.5 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
145 | Central African Republic | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 169.0 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 159.7 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
Belize | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 170.5 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
147 | Panama | 164.2 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 170.2 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.2 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
148 | Eswatini | 164.1 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 169.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.9 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
Eritrea | 164.1 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157.6 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
Mexico | 164.1 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157.9 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
South Africa | 164.1 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 158.6 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
152 | Nauru | 163.7 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
153 | Vietnam | 163.6 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.9 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.4 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
Uganda | 163.6 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.7 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.5 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
155 | El Salvador | 163.5 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 156.4 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
156 | Guinea-Bissau | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
Ivory Coast | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
Benin | 163.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.4 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | |
159 | Angola | 163.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
160 | Tajikistan | 163.2 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 168.4 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
161 | Malaysia | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 169.2 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 157.1 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
Equatorial Guinea | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 158.0 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
163 | Ethiopia | 163.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 168.8 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 157.2 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
164 | Mauritania | 162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
165 | Nicaragua | 162.7 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 169.9 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 155.6 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
166 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 162.4 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 168.6 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 156.3 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
Zambia | 162.4 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 157.3 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
Honduras | 162.4 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in) | 155.2 cm (5 ft 1 in) | |
169 | Afghanistan | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 168.5 cm (5 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | 156.1 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
Lesotho | 162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.7 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | |
171 | Comoros | 162.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 167.7 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 156.5 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
172 | Sri Lanka | 162.0 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.9 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
173 | Tanzania | 161.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 156.9 cm (5 ft 2 in) |
174 | Bolivia | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.6 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
Sierra Leone | 161.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 166.4 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 157.3 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
176 | Rwanda | 161.3 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 166.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 156.7 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
177 | Ecuador | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.3 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.2 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
Burundi | 161.2 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.3 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 155.1 cm (5 ft 1 in) | |
179 | Bhutan | 161.1 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.0 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 155.2 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
Maldives | 161.1 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.9 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 154.3 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) | |
181 | Pakistan | 161.0 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 167.3 cm (5 ft 6 in) | 154.8 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
Liberia | 161.0 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 165.5 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 156.5 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | |
183 | Malawi | 160.9 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 156.1 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
184 | India | 160.8 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 166.5 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 155.2 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
185 | Myanmar | 160.7 cm (5 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | 166.7 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.7 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
186 | Brunei | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 166.3 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.9 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
Peru | 160.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 166.8 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) | |
188 | Indonesia | 160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 166.3 cm (5 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | 154.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
189 | Marshall Islands | 160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.8 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
Cambodia | 160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.7 cm (5 ft 1 in) | |
Papua New Guinea | 160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 156.9 cm (5 ft 2 in) | |
192 | Solomon Islands | 159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 163.1 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 156.8 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) |
193 | Mozambique | 159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 164.3 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 155.4 cm (5 ft 1 in) |
194 | Philippines | 159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 165.2 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 154.1 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) |
Yemen | 159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 164.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 154.8 cm (5 ft 1 in) | |
196 | Madagascar | 159.1 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 165.2 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 153.1 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) |
197 | Bangladesh | 158.7 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in) | 152.4 cm (5 ft 0 in) |
198 | Nepal | 158.4 cm (5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | 164.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 152.4 cm (5 ft 0 in) |
199 | Laos | 157.9 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in) | 153.1 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in) |
200 | Guatemala | 157.6 cm (5 ft 2 in) | 164.4 cm (5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | 150.9 cm (4 ft 11+1⁄2 in) |
201 | Timor-Leste | 156.4 cm (5 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | 160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in) | 152.7 cm (5 ft 0 in) |
Explanatory notes
- ^ Although in this study the mean height of university students aged 20–29 was slightly below the national mean height.
- ^ In this case, data that are representative of the majority of the country or regions adult population are those that factor in over 50% of the country or region's population aged 18 or over.
- ^ Data are calculated as of a data collection year of each survey. If data were taken in several years in a survey, the oldest avertable year would be chosen for the calculation.
- ^ Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008. Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. Kosovo is currently recognised as an independent state by 101 out of the 193 United Nations member states. In total, 114 UN member states have recognised Kosovo at some point, of which 13 later withdrew their recognition.
- ^ Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008. Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. Kosovo is currently recognised as an independent state by 101 out of the 193 United Nations member states. In total, 114 UN member states have recognised Kosovo at some point, of which 13 later withdrew their recognition.
- ^ The mean ages of subjects are 17.5(±0.6). Thus most of the subjects are between 17 and 18.
- ^ The total sample size is 1,551 (18+) and the ratio of subjects aged 18+ is 100%.
- ^ The total sample size is 10,415 (12–70), and the ratio of subjects aged 18–70 is 78.9%.
References
- ^ Amos J (26 July 2016). "Dutch men revealed as world's tallest". BBC News.
- ^ Krul AJ, Daanen HA, Choi H (August 2011). "Self-reported and measured weight, height and body mass index (BMI) in Italy, the Netherlands and North America". European Journal of Public Health. 21 (4): 414–419. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp228. PMID 20089678.
- ^ Lucca A, Moura EC (January 2010). "Validity and reliability of self-reported weight, height and body mass index from telephone interviews". Cadernos de Saude Publica. 26 (1): 110–122. doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2010000100012. PMID 20209215.
- ^ Shields M, Gorber SC, Tremblay MS (2009). "Methodological issues in anthropometry: self-reported versus measured height and weight" (PDF). Proceedings of Statistics Canada's Symposium 2008. Data Collection: Challenges, Achievements and New Directions.
- ^ a b Moody A (18 December 2013). "10: Adult anthropometric measures, overweight and obesity". In Craig R, Mindell J (eds.). (PDF) (Technical report). Vol. 1. Health and Social Care Information Centre. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
- ^ a b c (PDF). WWC Web World Center GmbH G.R.P. Institut für Rationelle Psychologie. 31 October 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2012.
- ^ a b Herpin, Nicolas (2003). "La taille des hommes: son incidence sur la vie en couple et la carrière professionnelle" (PDF). Économie et Statistique. 361 (1): 71–90. doi:10.3406/estat.2003.7355.
- ^ Buckler JM (September 1978). "Variations in height throughout the day". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 53 (9): 762. doi:10.1136/adc.53.9.762. PMC 1545095. PMID 568918.
- ^ a b Population data from International Data Base 8 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau.
- ^ Urban population from The world bank, World Bank.
- ^ "Afghanistan - STEPS 2018, National Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Survey". World Health Organization. 2018. p. 40. AFG_2018_STEPS_v01.
- ^ a b c d Grasgruber P, Cacek J, Kalina T, Sebera M (December 2014). "The role of nutrition and genetics as key determinants of the positive height trend". Economics and Human Biology. 15: 81–100. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2014.07.002. PMID 25190282.
- ^ "Albania Demographic and Health Survey 2008–09" (PDF). Institute of Statistics Institute of Public Health Tirana, Albania. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
- ^ Masanovic B, Popovic S, Jarani J, Spahi A, Bjelica D (2020). "Nationwide Stature Estimation From Armspan Measurements in Albanian Youngsters" (PDF). International Journal of Morphology. 38 (2): 382–88. doi:10.4067/S0717-95022020000200382. S2CID 212632269.
- ^ "Algeria STEPS Survey 2002" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2005. p. 69.
- ^ Del Pino M, Bay L, Lejarraga H, Kovalskys I, Berner E, Rausch Herscovici C (2005). "Peso y estatura de una muestra nacional de 1.971 adolescentes de 10 a 19 años: las referencias argentinas continúan vigentes". Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría (in Spanish). 103 (4): 323–30.
- ^ "Prevalence of noncommunicable disease risk factors in the Republic of Armenia, STEPS National Survey 2016" (PDF). National Institute of Health. 2018. p. 167.
- ^ "Australian Health Survey: First Results". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 29 October 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Society at a Glance 2009: OECD Social Indicators". doi:10.1787/550623158455.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Azerbaijan State Statistics Committee, 2005". Today.az. 7 May 2005. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
- ^ (PDF). Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2005. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
- ^ Gharib NM, Shah P (2009). "Anthropometry and body composition of school children in Bahrain". Annals of Saudi Medicine. 29 (4): 258–269. doi:10.4103/0256-4947.55309. PMC 2841452. PMID 19584585.
- ^ a b c d e Bjelica D, et al. "Body height and its estimation utilising arm span measurements in Montenegrin adults" (PDF). Anthropological Notebooks. 18 (2): 69–83.
- ^ "Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Survey Bangladesh" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2010. p. 120.
- ^ "Prevalence of Noncommunicable Disease risk factors In Belarus" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2017. p. 74.
- ^ Garcia J, Quintana-Domeque C (July 2007). (PDF). Economics and Human Biology. 5 (2): 340–349. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.598.7353. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2007.02.002. hdl:10230/482. PMID 17412655. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2011.
- ^ a b c d e "The Central America Diabetes Initiative (CAMDI), Survey of Diabetes, Hypertension and Chronic Disease Risk Factors" (PDF). Pan American Health Organization. 2011. pp. 25–26, 61.
- ^ "Rapport final de l'enquête pour la surveillance des facteurs de risque des maladies non transmissibles par l'approche STEPSwise de l'OMS ENQUETE STEPS 2015 au Bénin" (PDF). World Health Organization (in French). 2016. p. 90.
- ^ "National survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and mental health using WHO STEPS approach in Bhutan" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2014. p. 103.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Subramanian SV, Özaltin E, Finlay JE (April 2011). "Height of nations: a socioeconomic analysis of cohort differences and patterns among women in 54 low- to middle-income countries". PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e18962. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...618962S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018962. PMC 3080396. PMID 21533104.
- ^ Bogin, Barry (1999). Patterns of Human Growth. Cambridge University Press. pp. 226–. ISBN 978-0-521-56438-0.
- ^ Popović S, et al. (2015). "Body Height and Its Estimation Utilizing Arm Span Measurements in Bosnian and Herzegovinian Adults" (PDF). Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 4 (1): 29–36.
- ^ "Botswana STEPS survey report on non-communicable disease risk factors" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2014. p. 94.
- ^ a b c (PDF). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- ^ a b c Note: Calculated using a weighted average of the different age groups.
- ^ "The 2nd National Health and Nutritional Status Survey (NHANSS)" (PDF). Ministry of Health Brunei Darussalam. 2014. p. 59.
- ^ "Европейско здравно интервю основни резултати за столицата" (PDF). National Statistical Institute (Bulgaria) (in Bulgarian). 2008. p. 5.
- ^ "European health interview survey, Metadata and methodology".
- ^ "Rapport de L'enquete Nationale sur la prevalence des principaux facteurs de risques communs aux maldies non transmissibles au Burkina Faso" (PDF). World Health Organization (in French). 2014. p. 38.
- ^ "Prevalence of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors in Cambodia" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2010. p. 157.
- ^ Kamadjeu RM, Edwards R, Atanga JS, Kiawi EC, Unwin N, Mbanya JC (September 2006). "Anthropometry measures and prevalence of obesity in the urban adult population of Cameroon: an update from the Cameroon Burden of Diabetes Baseline Survey". BMC Public Health. 6: 228. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-228. PMC 1579217. PMID 16970806.
- ^ Shields M, Connor Gorber S, Janssen I, Tremblay MS (September 2011). "Bias in self-reported estimates of obesity in Canadian health surveys: an update on correction equations for adults" (PDF). Health Reports. 22 (3): 35–45. PMID 22106788.
- ^ (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 82 (in the PDF file, p. 342). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
- ^ "The average Chinese man weighed 66.2 kilograms (146 pounds) in 2012, having put on an average 3.5 kilograms over 10 years, according to a government report". 2015.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Report on the Status of Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Chinese Residents (2020)". 2020.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "国家国民体质监测中心发布《第五次国民体质监测公报》". zjtks.tyj.zj.gov.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
- ^ "第五次国民体质监测统计调查制度". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
- ^ Meisel, Adolfo & Vega, Margarita. "A TROPICAL SUCCESS STORY: A CENTURY OF IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BIOLOGICAL STANDARD OF LIVING, COLOMBIA 1910–2002" (PDF). Paper prepared for The Fifth World Congress of Cliometrics, Venice International University, Venice, Italy, 8–11 July 2004.
- ^ Jureša, Vesna; Musil, Vera & Kujundžić Tiljak, Mirjana (2012). "Growth charts for Croatian school children and secular trends in past twenty years". Collegium Antropologicum. 36 (supplement 1): 47–57. doi:10.5671/ca.2012361s.47. PMID 22338747.
- ^ . II Encuesta de Factores de Riesgo para la Salud y Enfermedades no Transmisibles, 2001 (in Spanish). Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas de Cuba. 2008. p. 4. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
- ^ Cífková R, Bruthans J, Wohlfahrt P, Krajčoviechová A, Šulc P, Jozífová M, et al. (May 2020). "30-year trends in major cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech population, Czech MONICA and Czech post-MONICA, 1985 - 2016/17". PLOS ONE. 15 (5): e0232845. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1532845C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232845. PMC 7213700. PMID 32392239.
- ^ Vignerová J, Brabec M, Bláha P (June 2006). "Two centuries of growth among Czech children and youth". Economics and Human Biology. 4 (2): 237–252. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2005.09.002. PMID 16371255.
- ^ "Conscription result with conscripts BMI and height" (PDF). Forsvarets rekruttering, Kingdom of Denmark. 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ Pineau JC, Delamarche P, Bozinovic S (September 2005). "[Average height of adolescents in the Dinaric Alps]". Comptes Rendus Biologies (in French). 328 (9): 841–846. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2005.07.004. PMID 16168365.. Note: Authors added +1 cm to the height mean of the male sample to compensate unfinished growth.
- ^ NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (July 2016). "A century of trends in adult human height". eLife. 5. doi:10.7554/eLife.13410. PMC 4961475. PMID 27458798.
- ^ "National survey for noncommunicable disease risk factors and injuries using WHO STEPS approach in Timor-Leste" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2014. pp. 11, 39.
- ^ Ecuador – Encuesta de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut).
- ^ "Egypt – Demographic and Health Survey 2008" (PDF). measuredhs.com. Retrieved 9 March 2021..
- ^ Leitsalu L, Haller T, Esko T, Tammesoo ML, Alavere H, Snieder H, et al. (August 2015). "Cohort Profile: Estonian Biobank of the Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu". International Journal of Epidemiology. 44 (4): 1137–1147. doi:10.1093/ije/dyt268. PMID 24518929.
- ^ "WHO STEPS Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance Report,Swaziland 2014" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2014. p. 141.
- ^ "Ethiopia STEPS report on risk factors for non-communicable diseaes and prevalence of selected NCDs" (PDF). World Health Organization. December 2016. p. 102.
- ^ "Fiji NCD STEPS Survey 2002" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2002. pp. 27–28.
- ^ a b "Lasten kasvunseurannan uudistaminen, Asiantuntijaryhmän raportti" (PDF). National Institute for Health and Welfare. 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ . thl.fi. 2011. Archived from the original on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ (PDF). ifth.org. 2 February 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
- ^ "Mode & Couture" (PDF). Educatel une formation pour chaque projet. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
- ^ "Enquête sur les facteurs de risque des maladies non transmissibles à Libreville et Owendo" (PDF). World Health Organization (in French). 2009. pp. 41–42.
- ^ Cham B, Scholes S, Ng Fat L, Badjie O, Mindell JS (June 2018). "Burden of hypertension in The Gambia: evidence from a national World Health Organization (WHO) STEP survey". International Journal of Epidemiology. 47 (3): 860–871. doi:10.1093/ije/dyx279. PMID 29394353.
- ^ Sear, Rebecca. (PDF). London School of Economics. Archived from the original on 17 November 2011.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Non-communicable diseases risk-factor steps survey, Georgia, 2016. Executive summary" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2018. p. 14.
- ^ "არაგადამდები დაავადებების რისკის ფაქტორების STEPS კვლევა საქართველო" (PDF). World Health Organization (in Georgian). 2018. p. 25.
- ^ "Mikrozensus – Fragen zur Gesundheit – Körpermaße der Bevölkerung" (PDF). Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden. 2009.
- ^ a b . Archived from the original on 7 January 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
- ^ "Informe Final, V Encuesta Nacional de Salud Materno Infantil ,2008–2009" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics (Guatemala) (in Spanish). 2011. pp. 16, 337, 358.
- ^ So HK, Nelson EA, Li AM, Wong EM, Lau JT, Guldan GS, et al. (September 2008). "Secular changes in height, weight and body mass index in Hong Kong Children". BMC Public Health. 8: 320. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-320. PMC 2572616. PMID 18803873.
- ^ The university participation rate is approximately 20% in 2005. Key Statistics on Post-secondary Education 8 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Committee on Self-financing Post-secondary Education
- ^ Jones AY, Dean E, Lam PK, Lo SK (September 2005). "Discordance between lung function of chinese university students and 20-year-old established norms". Chest. 128 (3): 1297–1303. doi:10.1378/chest.128.3.1297. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30009328. PMID 16162721.
- ^ "Average height of men and women (National Geographic, Hungarian)". Retrieved 11 February 2012.[dead link]
- ^ Mészáros Z, Mészáros J, Völgyi E, Sziva A, Pampakas P, Prókai A, Szmodis M (September 2008). "Body mass and body fat in Hungarian schoolboys: differences between 1980-2005". Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 27 (5): 241–245. doi:10.2114/jpa2.27.241. PMID 18838839.
- ^ Marwaha, Raman Kumar; Tandon, Nikhil; Ganie, Mohd Ashraf; Kanwar, Ratnesh; Shivaprasad, C.; Sabharwal, Amit; Bhadra, Kuntal; Narang, Archna (2011). "Nationwide reference data for height, weight and body mass index of Indian schoolchildren". The National Medical Journal of India. 24 (5): 269–277. ISSN 0970-258X. PMID 22680077.
- ^ Mamidi RS, Kulkarni B, Singh A (March 2011). "Secular trends in height in different states of India in relation to socioeconomic characteristics and dietary intakes". Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 32 (1): 23–34. doi:10.1177/156482651103200103. PMID 21560461. S2CID 25779466.
- ^ Aman B Pulungan, Madarina Julia, Jose RL Batubara and Michael Hermanussen. "Indonesian National Synthetic Growth Charts""Acta Scientific Paediatrics": Volume 1 Issue 1. August 2018. Page 22.
- ^ a b Haghdoost, AA; Mirzazadeh, A & Alikhani, S (2008). (PDF). Iranian J Publ Health. 37 (1): 1–7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2012.
- ^ "Noncummunicable Diseases Risk Factors STEPS Survey Iraq 2015". World Health Organization. 2015. p. 49.
- ^ "נתוני גובה ממוצע". Health-pages.co.il. 7 May 2007. Archived from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
- ^ Cacciari E, Milani S, Balsamo A, Spada E, Bona G, Cavallo L, et al. (2006). "Italian cross-sectional growth charts for height, weight and BMI (2 to 20 yr)". Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. 29 (7): 581–593. doi:10.1007/BF03344156. PMID 16957405. S2CID 25904766.
- ^ a b "Giovani: al Nord si fa meno sesso rispetto al Sud". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). 30 November 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ a b "I neo-maggiorenni tra sesso, fumo, alcol e droghe: numeri "importanti" per Padova, ma c'è chi la batte..." PadovaOggi (in Italian). Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ a b Okosun IS, Cooper RS, Rotimi CN, Osotimehin B, Forrester T (November 1998). "Association of waist circumference with risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Nigerians, Jamaicans, and African-Americans". Diabetes Care. 21 (11): 1836–1842. doi:10.2337/diacare.21.11.1836. PMID 9802730.
- ^ "体力・運動能力調査 平成30年度 | ファイル | 統計データを探す". 政府統計の総合窓口 (in Japanese). Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "平成30年度体力・運動能力調査結果の概要及び報告書について:スポーツ庁". スポーツ庁ホームページ (in Japanese). Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "学校保健統計調査ー平成30年度(確定値)の結果の概要:文部科学省". 文部科学省ホームページ (in Japanese). Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "学校保健統計調査 平成30年度 全国表 | ファイル | 統計データを探す". 政府統計の総合窓口 (in Japanese). Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "Jordan National Stepwise Survey (STEPs) for Noncommunicable Diseases Risk Factors 2019" (PDF). Ministry of Health (Jordan). 2020. pp. 26, 51.
- ^ "Kenyans becoming shorter: Study". Daily Nation. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- ^ "Kiribati ncd risk factors STEPS report" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2015–2016. p. 68.
- ^ "Post unification discrimination potential". Yeolchae. 20 November 2006.
- ^ Ryoo, N. Y.; Shin, H. Y.; Kim, J. H.; Moon, J. S.; Lee, C. G. (2015). "Change in the height of Korean children and adolescents: analysis from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey II and V". Korean Journal of Pediatrics. 58 (9): 336–340. doi:10.3345/kjp.2015.58.9.336. PMC 4623452. PMID 26512259.
- ^ "KOSIS". kosis.kr. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ^