Japanese exonyms are the names of places in the Japanese language that differ from the name given in the place's dominant language.
While Japanese names of places that are not derived from the Chinese language generally tend to represent the endonym or the English exonym as phonetically accurately as possible, the Japanese terms for some place names are obscured, either because the name was borrowed from another language or because of some other obscure etymology, such as referring to England (more specifically the United Kingdom) as イギリス (Igirisu), which is based on the Portuguese term for "English", Inglês.[1] Exonyms for cities outside of the East Asian cultural sphere tend to be more phonetically accurate to their endonyms than the English exonyms if the endonym is significantly different from the English exonym.
The names for nations and cities that existed before major Japanese orthographic reforms in the Meiji era usually have ateji, or kanji characters used solely to represent pronunciation. However, the use of ateji today has become far less common, as katakana has largely taken over the role of phonetically representing words of non-Sino-Japanese origin. As significant differences exist between the pronunciations of the Chinese and Japanese languages, many of the ateji terms for the exonyms of foreign, non-Sinitic terms are unrecognizable in Chinese, and likewise, since some of the ateji terms derived from Chinese, the aforementioned terms do not match the Japanese on or kun readings for the pronunciation of the given kanji.
Legend
†
Archaic, obsolete
‡
Rare
–
Does not exist
(N)
Does not exist, but kept on list for linguistic interest, or to prevent common errors.
As the transcriptions for Shanxi and Shaanxi are indistinguishable in Japanese (since the only way to distinguish the two in Mandarin is the tone of the first syllable), it is more common to use the on-yomi as they are distinguishable from each other
As the transcriptions for Shanxi and Shaanxi are indistinguishable in Japanese (since the only way to distinguish the two in Mandarin is the tone of the first syllable), it is more common to use the on-yomi as they are distinguishable from each other
For place names derived from the Chinese language, Japanese typically uses the kanji equivalents of the Chinese characters that make up their respective endonyms, albeit with a Sino-Japanese pronunciation called on readings. Some place names, however, also have an approximate pronunciation (or transcription) of a historical English exonym if the area is internationally well-known, such as Beijing and Hong Kong, and such transcriptions tend to be more common than the on-yomi or the Mandarin transcriptions. Most place names derived from Mandarin also have a Japanese transcription of the Mandarin pronunciation.
One detail to be noted, however, is that for the names of certain districts or areas in Hong Kong and Macau, the pronunciations of the Japanese transcriptions typically try to imitate the Cantonese pronunciation instead of the Mandarin pronunciation.
The Chinese characters for the endonyms above are simplified Chinese characters and will only appear in the table above if they differ from the kanji shinjitai (the current set of Japanese kanji). Most transcriptions above can be written either in kanji or katakana.
Since India is home to many different languages and English is an official language in the country, Japanese exonyms are largely based on the English exonyms. The English exonyms are also familiar to many Indians.
While most South Korean place names are derived from words in the Chinese language, Japanese can refer to a Korean place name using Japanese on-yomi (Jeju (濟州) is Saishū (さいしゅう) in Japanese) or a pronunciation that imitates the Korean endonym name as closely as possible (Itaewon (梨泰院) is Itewon (イテウォン) or Ritai'in (りたいいん) in Japanese). Many place names in Korea have at least two of the pronunciations, the first being based on the Japanese on-yomi or kun-yomi and the second being based on the Korean endonym, with the latter being made so that the Japanese could navigate and ask for directions more clearly to native Koreans. Korean-based pronunciations are usually written in katakana.
Similar to Chinese exonyms, Japanese can either use a transcription based on Mandarin or the Japanese on-yomi of the endonym. However, there are some Japanese place names that are unrelated to the Chinese name of the place, but are actually based on the Taiwanese aboriginal languages.
"Biruma" ビルマ. 精選版 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition) (in Japanese). Japan: Shogakukan – via kotobank.
^ abc"Hakutōsan" はくとうさん 白頭山. 精選版 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition) (in Japanese). Japan: Shogakukan. Retrieved 2021-09-05 – via kotobank.
^ ab"Kaoshun" カオシュン【高雄 Gāo xióng】. 世界大百科事典 第2版 (Heibonsha World Encyclopedia) excerpt (in Japanese). Japan: Heibonsha. Retrieved 2021-09-05 – via kotobank.
^"Stories Behind Taiwan's Place-Names | Island Folklore". Island Folklore: Taiwanese Tales & Traditions. 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
^"Kappadokia" カッパドキア. 精選版 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition) (in Japanese). Japan: Shogakukan. Retrieved 2021-09-05 – via kotobank. Cappadocia
^ abc"アラブ首長国連邦（United Arab Emirates：UAE）". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-06-28.
^"Amerika" アメリカ【亜米利加・亜墨利加】. 精選版 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition) (in Japanese). Japan: Shogakukan. meaning [2]. Retrieved 2021-09-05 – via kotobank.
^ ab"Beikoku" べい‐こく【米国】. 精選版 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition) (in Japanese). Japan: Shogakukan. meaning [2]. Retrieved 2021-09-05 – via kotobank.
^"Gasshūkoku" がっしゅう‐こく【合衆国】. 精選版 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition) (in Japanese). Japan: Shogakukan. meaning [2]. Retrieved 2021-09-05 – via kotobank.
^南加州日本人七十年史 (in Japanese). Los Angeles: 南加日系人商業会議所. 1960. p. 45.
^在ベトナム日本国大使館・総領事館 [Embassy and Consulate-General of Japan in Vietnam]. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (in Japanese). 2020-01-20. Da Nang. Retrieved 2021-09-05. 在ダナン領事事務所 Da Nang Consular Office of Japan
^小林, 房太郎, 1872-1937 (1932-09-30) [1932]. "Saigon" サイゴン. 世界地名大辞典 (Sekai chimei daijiten / World toponym encyclopedia) (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Tokyo: Nankosha. p. 788. doi:10.11501/1876511. Retrieved 2021-03-05.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Nelson, Andrew N. (1962) The Modern Reader's Japanese-English Character Dictionary (Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Company)
External linksedit
List of countries in Ateji
December 20, 2023
japanese, exonyms, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, february. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Japanese exonyms news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Japanese exonyms are the names of places in the Japanese language that differ from the name given in the place s dominant language While Japanese names of places that are not derived from the Chinese language generally tend to represent the endonym or the English exonym as phonetically accurately as possible the Japanese terms for some place names are obscured either because the name was borrowed from another language or because of some other obscure etymology such as referring to England more specifically the United Kingdom as イギリス Igirisu which is based on the Portuguese term for English Ingles 1 Exonyms for cities outside of the East Asian cultural sphere tend to be more phonetically accurate to their endonyms than the English exonyms if the endonym is significantly different from the English exonym The names for nations and cities that existed before major Japanese orthographic reforms in the Meiji era usually have ateji or kanji characters used solely to represent pronunciation However the use of ateji today has become far less common as katakana has largely taken over the role of phonetically representing words of non Sino Japanese origin As significant differences exist between the pronunciations of the Chinese and Japanese languages many of the ateji terms for the exonyms of foreign non Sinitic terms are unrecognizable in Chinese and likewise since some of the ateji terms derived from Chinese the aforementioned terms do not match the Japanese on or kun readings for the pronunciation of the given kanji Legend Archaic obsolete Rare Does not exist N Does not exist but kept on list for linguistic interest or to prevent common errors Contents 1 Afghanistan 2 Algeria 3 Andorra 4 Argentina 5 Australia 6 Austria 7 Brazil 8 Cambodia 9 Chile 10 China 11 Czech Republic 12 Denmark 13 Egypt 14 Germany 15 Greece 16 Iceland 17 India 18 Indonesia 19 Ireland 20 Israel 21 Italy 22 Kazakhstan 23 Laos 24 Liechtenstein 25 Malaysia 26 Mexico 27 Myanmar 28 Netherlands 29 New Zealand 30 North Korea 31 Norway 32 Pakistan 33 Philippines 34 Poland 35 Portugal 36 Russia 37 Saudi Arabia 38 South Africa 39 South Korea 40 Spain 41 Sweden 42 Switzerland 43 Taiwan 44 Thailand 45 Turkey 46 United Arab Emirates 47 United Kingdom 48 United States 49 Vietnam 50 See also 51 References 52 External linksAfghanistan edit nbsp Afghanistan Afuganisutan アフガニスタン English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageKabul Kaburu カブール Kabol کابل DariKabel کابل PashtoAlgeria edit nbsp Algeria Arujeria アルジェリア English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageAlgiers Aruje アルジェ Dzayer ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻ KabyleAl jazaʾir الجزائر ArabicConstantine Konsutantinu コンスタンティーヌ Kasantina ⵇⵙⴻⵏⵟⵉⵏⴰ KabyleQusanṭina ق س ن ط ين ة ArabicOran Oran オラン Wehran ⵡⴻⵂⵔⴰⵏ KabyleWahran و ه ر ان ArabicAndorra edit nbsp Andorra Andora アンドラ English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageAndorra la Vella Andora ra Berya アンドラ ラ ベリャ Andorra la Vella CatalanArgentina edit nbsp Argentina Aruzenchin アルゼンチン 亜爾然丁 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageBuenos Aires Buenosu Airesu ブエノスアイレス Bushi ブ市 Buenos Aires Spanish Also Bushi ブ市 Australia edit nbsp Australia Ōsutoraria オーストラリア Gōshu 豪州 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageCoral Sea Kōraru Shi コーラル シー Sangokai 珊瑚海 Coral Sea English Translation from EnglishThursday Island Sazude Airando サーズデー アイランド Mokuyōtō 木曜島 Thursday Island English Translation from EnglishAustria edit nbsp Austria Ōsutoria オーストリア 墺太利 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageVienna Win ウィーン Wien German Based on German spellingBrazil edit nbsp Brazil Burajiru ブラジル 伯剌西爾 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageBrasilia Burajiria ブラジリア Brasilia PortugueseCuritiba Kurichiba クリチバ Curitiba PortugueseRio de Janeiro Riodejaneiro リオデジャネイロ Rio de Janeiro PortugueseSao Paulo Sanpauro サンパウロ Sao Paulo PortugueseCambodia edit nbsp Cambodia Kambojia カンボジア 柬埔寨 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguagePhnom Penh Punonpen プノンペン Phnom Penh ភ ន ព ញ KhmerSiem Reap Shemuriappu シェムリアップ Siĕm reap ស មរ ប KhmerSihanoukville Shianukubiru シアヌークビル Krong Preah Sihanouk ក រ ងព រ ស ហន Khmer Based on EnglishChile edit nbsp Chile Chiri チリ 智利 Chirii チリー Chika 智加 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageSantiago Santiago サンティアゴ Sanchago サンチャゴ Santiago SpanishValparaiso Baruparaiso バルパライソ Baruparaiiso バルパライーソ Valparaiso SpanishChina edit nbsp China Chugoku 中国 English name Japanese name s Endonym NotesNot On yomi On yomi Name LanguageBeijing Pekin 北京 nbsp N Hokkyō Beijing Mandarin Transcription based on Chinese postal romanizationChengdu Chendu 成都 Seito Chengdu Mandarin Transcription based on Mandarin pronunciationChangchun Chanchun 長春 Chōshun Changchun 长春 MandarinChongqing Chonchin 重慶 Jukei Chongqing 重庆 MandarinMount Everest Eberesuto エベレスト Everesuto エヴェレスト Everest English Transcriptions based on EnglishChomoranma チョモランマ Zhumulǎngmǎ Feng 珠穆朗瑪峰 Chinese Transcriptions based on TibetanChomolungma ཇ མ ག ང མ TibetanSagarumata サガルマータ Sagaramata サガラマーター Sagaramatha सगरम थ Nepali Transcriptions based on NepaliDalian Daryen 大連 Dairen Dalian 大连 MandarinGuangdong Kanton 広東 nbsp N Kōtō Guǎngdōng 广东 Mandarin Transcription based on historical English exonymGwong2dung1 CantoneseGuangzhou Kowanchou 広州 Kōshu Guǎngzhōu 广州 MandarinGwong2zau1 CantoneseGuilin Guirin 桂林 Keirin Guilin MandarinGveilinz ZhuangHan River Hubei Kankō 漢江 Han Jiang 汉江 MandarinKansui 漢水 Han Shǔi 汉水 MandarinHarbin Harubin 哈爾浜 哈爾賓 Ha erbin 哈尔滨 MandarinKharbin Harbin RussianHalbin ᡥᠠᠯᠪᡳᠨ ManchuHohhot Fufuhoto フフホト Hohehota ホーへホタ Huhehaote 呼和浩特 MandarinKokekhota ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ MongolianHong Kong Honkon 香港 nbsp N Kōkō Hoeng1gong2 Cantonese Transcription based on English exonymMacau Makao マカオ Ōmon 澳門 Ou3mun2 Cantonese Makao based on Portuguese exonymNanjing Nankin 南京 nbsp N Nankyō Nanjing Mandarin Transcription based on Chinese postal romanizationNingxia Ninsha 寧夏 Neika Ningxia 宁夏 MandarinQingdao Chintao 青島 nbsp N Seitō Qingdǎo 青岛 Mandarin Not to be confused with Aoshima two different islands in Japan spelled with the same kanjiShaanxi nbsp N Shanshi Sensei 陝西 Shǎnxi 陕西 Mandarin As the transcriptions for Shanxi and Shaanxi are indistinguishable in Japanese since the only way to distinguish the two in Mandarin is the tone of the first syllable it is more common to use the on yomi as they are distinguishable from each otherShanghai Shanhai 上海 Zanhe ザンへー citation needed nbsp N Jōkai Shanghǎi MandarinZaan22 he44 WuShanxi nbsp N Shanshi Sansei 山西 Shanxi Mandarin As the transcriptions for Shanxi and Shaanxi are indistinguishable in Japanese since the only way to distinguish the two in Mandarin is the tone of the first syllable it is more common to use the on yomi as they are distinguishable from each otherShenzhen Shenchen シェンチェン Shinsen 深圳 深セン Shenzhen MandarinTai Po District Hong Kong Taipō 大埔 Taiho Daai6bou3 Cantonese Based on Cantonese pronunciationTianjin Tenchin 天津 Tenshin Tianjin Mandarin Not to be confused with native Japanese word amatsu written using the same kanji 2 Tap Mun Hong Kong Tapumunchau 塔門洲 Tōmonshu Taap muhn Jau Cantonese Transcription based on Cantonese pronunciationTibet Chibetto チベット Seizō 西蔵 Xizang 西藏 Mandarin Transcription based on English exonym TibetBodo ボド Bod བ ད TibetanUrumqi Urumuchi 烏魯木斉 nbsp N Wulǔmuqi 乌鲁木齐 Mandarin Transcription based on Mandarin or Uyghur pronunciationUrumci ئۈرۈمچى UyghurXiamen Amoi アモイ 厦門 廈門 E mui Hokkien Based on historical English exonym AmoyShamen Xiamen 厦门 Mandarin Based on Mandarin pronunciationXi an Shian 西安 Seian Xi an MandarinXinjiang Shinchan 新疆 Shinkyō Xinjiang MandarinYangtze Chan gawa チャン川 Chōkō 長江 3 Chang Jiang 长江 MandarinYōsukō 揚子江 4 nbsp N Yōshikō Yangzǐ Jiang 扬子江 MandarinFor place names derived from the Chinese language Japanese typically uses the kanji equivalents of the Chinese characters that make up their respective endonyms albeit with a Sino Japanese pronunciation called on readings Some place names however also have an approximate pronunciation or transcription of a historical English exonym if the area is internationally well known such as Beijing and Hong Kong and such transcriptions tend to be more common than the on yomi or the Mandarin transcriptions Most place names derived from Mandarin also have a Japanese transcription of the Mandarin pronunciation One detail to be noted however is that for the names of certain districts or areas in Hong Kong and Macau the pronunciations of the Japanese transcriptions typically try to imitate the Cantonese pronunciation instead of the Mandarin pronunciation The Chinese characters for the endonyms above are simplified Chinese characters and will only appear in the table above if they differ from the kanji shinjitai the current set of Japanese kanji Most transcriptions above can be written either in kanji or katakana Czech Republic edit nbsp Czech Republic Cheko チェコ English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguagePilsen Puruzeni プルゼニ Plzen CzechPrague Puraha プラハ Puragu プラーグ Puraggu プラッグ Praha CzechDenmark edit nbsp Denmark Denmaku デンマーク 丁抹 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageBillund Birun ビルン Billund DanishCopenhagen Kopenhagen コペンハーゲン Kobenhavn Danish Transcription based on English Copenhagen 5 Kubunhaun クブンハウン Egypt edit nbsp Egypt Ejiputo エジプト 埃及 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageAlexandria Arekusandoria アレクサンドリア al ʾIskandariyya الإسكندرية Standard ArabicEskendereyya اسكندرية Egyptian ArabicCairo Kairo カイロ al Qahirah القاهرة Standard ArabicMaṣr م صر Egyptian ArabicNile Nairu gawa ナイル川 an Nil النيل Standard Arabicen Nil النيل Egyptian ArabicGermany edit nbsp Germany Doitsu ドイツ 独逸 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageBerlin Berurin ベルリン Berlin GermanBonn Bon ボン Bonn GermanCologne Kerun ケルン Koln GermanDresden Doresuden ドレスデン Dresden GermanFrankfurt Furankufuruto フランクフルト Frankfurt am Main GermanHamburg Hanburuku ハンブルク Hamburg GermanHanover Hanōba ハノーバー Hanōfa ハノーファー Hannover GermanMunich Myunhen ミュンヘン Munchen GermanGreece edit nbsp Greece Girisha ギリシャ 希臘 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageAthens Atene アテネ Athina A8hna GreekCorinth Korinto コリント Korintosu コリントス Korinthos Korin8os GreekCrete Kureta クレタ Kriti Krhth GreekMarathon Marason マラソン Marathonios Mara8wnios Greek Based on English exonymOlympia Orinpia オリンピア Olympia Olympia GreekFilippoi Firippi フィリッピ Filippi Filippoi GreekSantorini Santorini サントリーニ Thira 8hra GreekSparta Suparuta スパルタ Sparti Sparth Greek Based on EnglishThebes Tebe テーベ Thiva 8hba GreekThessalonica Tessaroniki テッサロニキ Thessaloniki 8essalonikh GreekIceland edit nbsp Iceland Aisurando アイスランド 愛斯蘭 氷州 Hyōtō 氷島 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageReykjavik Reikyabiku レイキャビク Reikyaviku レイキャウィーク Reykjavik IcelandicIndia edit nbsp India Indo インド 印度 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageBangalore Bangarōru バンガロール Baṅgaluru ಬ ಗಳ ರ KannadaChennai Chennai チェンナイ Ceṉṉai ச ன ன TamilGanges Ganjisu ガンジス Gaṅga ग ग Hindi Based on English exonymHyderabad Haiderabado ハイデラバード Haidarabadu హ దర బ ద TeluguKolkata Korukata コルカタ Kolkata কলক ত BengaliMumbai Munbai ムンバイ Mumbai म बई MarathiNew Delhi Nyuderi ニューデリー Nai Dilli नई द ल ल Hindi Based on English exonymSince India is home to many different languages and English is an official language in the country Japanese exonyms are largely based on the English exonyms The English exonyms are also familiar to many Indians Indonesia edit nbsp Indonesia Indoneshia インドネシア 印度尼西亜 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageBali Bari バリ Bali IndonesianBorneo Karimantan tou カリマンタン島 Boruneo tou ボルネオ島 Kalimantan IndonesianJakarta Jakaruta ジャカルタ Jakarta IndonesianIreland edit nbsp Ireland Airurando アイルランド 愛蘭 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageDublin Daburin ダブリン Baile Atha Cliath IrishDublin EnglishIsrael edit nbsp Israel Isuraeru イスラエル 以色列 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageDead Sea Shikai 死海 6 Yam ha Melah ים המלח Hebrew Translation of Dead Sea Jerusalem Erusaremu エルサレム Yerushalayim ירושלים HebrewNazareth Nazare ナザレ Natsrat נצרת HebrewTel Aviv Teruabibu テルアビブ Tel Aviv תל אביב HebrewItaly edit nbsp Italy Itaria イタリア 伊太利亜 伊太利 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageFlorence Firentse フィレンツェ Furōrensu フローレンス Firenze Italian Furōrensu based on English exonymVenice Venetsia ヴェネツィア Benetsia ベネツィア Benechia ベネチア Benisu ベニス Venisu ヴェニス Venezia Italian Benisu Venisu from English work of ShakespeareJapanese exonyms for Italian place names are generally based on the Italian pronunciation rather than English exonyms Kazakhstan edit nbsp Kazakhstan Kazafusutan カザフスタン English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageAlmaty Arumatoi アルマトイ Almati Almaty KazakhAstana Asutana アスタナ Astana Astana KazakhLaos edit nbsp Laos Raosu ラオス 羅宇 老檛 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageLuang Prabang Ruanpaban ルアンパバーン Luangphabang ຫລວງພະບາງ ຫ ວງພະບາງ Lao Exonym based on actual Lao pronunciation rather than spellingVientiane Bienchan ビエンチャン Viangchan ວຽງຈ ນ Lao Exonym based on English pronunciationLiechtenstein edit nbsp Liechtenstein Rihitenshutain リヒテンシュタイン English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageVaduz Fadutsu ファドゥーツ Vaduz GermanMalaysia edit nbsp Malaysia Mareshia マレーシア 馬来西亜 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageBorneo Boruneo ボルネオ Borneo MalayJohor Bahru Johōrubaru ジョホールバル Johor Bahru MalayKuala Lumpur Kuararunpuru クアラルンプール Kuala Lumpur MalayPenang Penan ペナン Tōjō tō 東条島 Former Pulau Pinang MalayPutrajaya Putorajaya プトラジャヤ Putrajaya MalayMexico edit nbsp Mexico Mekishiko メキシコ 墨西哥 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageCiudad Juarez Shiuda Fuaresu シウダー フアレス Ciudad Juarez SpanishCancun Kankun カンクン Cancun SpanishMexico City Mekishikoshiti メキシコシティ Ciudad de Mexico Spanish Based on the English exonymMonterrey Monterei モンテレイ Monterrey SpanishOaxaca Oahaka オアハカ Oaxaca SpanishPuebla Puebura プエブラ Puebla SpanishPuerto Vallarta Puerutobajaruta プエルトバジャルタ Puerto Vallarta SpanishTijuana Tifuana ティフアナ Tiwana ティワナ Tijuana Spanish Tiwana from English pronunciationVeracruz Berakurusu ベラクルス Veracruz SpanishMyanmar edit nbsp Myanmar Myanma ミャンマー Biruma Menden 緬甸 7 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageBagan Bagan バガン Pu gam ပ ဂ BurmeseNaypyidaw Nepidō ネピドー Ne pranytau န ပ ည တ BurmeseYangon Yangon ヤンゴン Rankun ရန က န BurmeseNetherlands edit nbsp Netherlands Oranda オランダ 阿蘭陀 和蘭 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageAmsterdam Amusuterudamu アムステルダム Amsterdam DutchThe Hague Den Hagu デン ハーグ Hagu ハーグ Den Haag DutchRotterdam Rotterudamu ロッテルダム Rotterdam DutchNew Zealand edit nbsp New Zealand Nyujirando ニュージーランド English name Japanese name Endonym NotesNorth Island Hokutō 北島 North Island English Translation from EnglishSouth Island Nantō 南島 South Island English Translation from EnglishNorth Korea edit nbsp North Korea Kita Chōsen 北朝鮮 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesNot on yomi On yomi Name LanguageKaesong Keson 開城 Kaijō Kaesŏng 개성 KoreanPaektu Mountain Pekuto san 白頭山 8 Hakutōsan 白頭山 8 Chōhakusan 長白山 8 Paekdusan 백두산 Korean On yomi transcriptions based on Korean and Mandarin Chinese Changbai respectively Pyongyang Pyon yan 平壌 Heijō P yŏngyang 평양 KoreanSinuiju Shiniju 新義州 Shingishu Sinŭiju 신의주 KoreanTumen River Tomankan 豆満江 Tōmankō Duman gang 두만강 KoreanYalu River Ōryokukō Ōryokkō 鴨緑江 Amrokkang 압록강 KoreanNorway edit nbsp Norway Noruwe ノルウェー 諾威 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageOslo Osuro オスロ Oslo NorwegianPakistan edit nbsp Pakistan Pakisutan パキスタン 巴基斯坦 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageIslamabad Isuramabado イスラマバード Islamabad اسلام آباد UrduKarachi Karachi カラチ Karaci کراچی UrduLahore Rahōru ラホール Lahaur لاہور UrduPhilippines edit nbsp Philippines Firipin フィリピン 比律賓 Hitō 比島 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageAlbay Arubai アルバイ Albay BikolBangsamoro Bansamoro バンサモロ Bangsamoro MalayCamarines Norte Kita Kamarinesu 北カマリネス Camarines Norte SpanishCamarines Sur Minami Kamarinesu 南カマリネス Camarines Sur SpanishCatanduanes Katanduanesu カタンドゥアネス Catanduanes Bikol SpanishLegazpi Regasupi レガスピ Legazpi Spanish BikolManila Manira マニラ 馬尼剌 Maynila Tagalog Based on English exonymMasbate Masubate マスバテ Masbate BikolSorsogon Sorusogon ソルソゴン Sorsogon BikolPoland edit nbsp Poland Po rando ポーランド 波蘭 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageWarsaw Warushawa ワルシャワ Warszawa PolishWaruso ワルソー Transcription based on English WarsawPortugal edit nbsp Portugal Porutogaru ポルトガル 葡萄牙 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageLisbon Risubon リスボン Lisboa Portuguese Based on English exonymRussia edit nbsp Russia Roshia ロシア 露西亜 Rokoku 露国 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageGrozny Gurozunui グロズヌイ Groznyj Groznyj RussianSolƶa Ġala Solzha GӀala ChechenKorsakov Ōtomari 大泊 Korsakov Korsa kov RussianKurilsk Shana mura 紗那村 Kurilsk Kuri lsk RussianMoscow Mosukuwa モスクワ Moskva Moskva RussianSakhalin Karafuto 樺太 Sahalin Sakhalin RussianSiberia Shiberia シベリア 西比利亜 西伯利亜 Sibir Sibir RussianVladivostok Urajiosutoku ウラジオストク Vladivostok Vladivostok RussianYekaterinburg Ekaterinburuku エカテリンブルク Ekaterinburg Ekaterinburg RussianYuzhno Sakhalinsk Toyohara 豊原 Yuzhno Sakhalinsk Yuzhno Sahalinsk RussianSaudi Arabia edit nbsp Saudi Arabia Saujiarabia サウジアラビア English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageMecca Mekka メッカ Makkah مكة ArabicMedina Medina メディナ Madinah مدينة ArabicRiyadh Riyado リヤド Riyadh رياض ArabicSouth Africa edit nbsp South Africa Minami Afurika 南アフリカ Nan a 南亜 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageCape of Good Hope Kibōhō 喜望峰 Cape of Good Hope English Translation of Cape of HopeKaap die Goeie Hoop AfrikaansJohannesburg Yohanesuburugu ヨハネスブルグ Johannesburg Afrikaans Based on Afrikaans pronunciationSouth Korea edit nbsp South Korea Kankoku 韓国 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesNot on yomi On yomiBusan Pusan 釜山 Fuzan Busan 부산 Gangnam Kan namu 江南 Kōnan Gangnam 강남 Han River Korea Hangan 漢江 Kankō Hangang 한강 Incheon Inchon 仁川 Jinsen Incheon 인천 Itaewon Itewon 梨泰院 Ritai in Itaewon 이태원 Jeju Cheju 済州 Saishu Jeju 제주 Pyeongchang Pyonchan 平昌 Heishō Pyeongchang 평창 Seoul Souru ソウル Keijō 京城 Seoul 서울 Souru usually only written in katakanaWhile most South Korean place names are derived from words in the Chinese language Japanese can refer to a Korean place name using Japanese on yomi Jeju 濟州 is Saishu さいしゅう in Japanese or a pronunciation that imitates the Korean endonym name as closely as possible Itaewon 梨泰院 is Itewon イテウォン or Ritai in りたいいん in Japanese Many place names in Korea have at least two of the pronunciations the first being based on the Japanese on yomi or kun yomi and the second being based on the Korean endonym with the latter being made so that the Japanese could navigate and ask for directions more clearly to native Koreans Korean based pronunciations are usually written in katakana Spain edit nbsp Spain Supein スペイン 西班牙 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageBarcelona Baruserona バルセロナ Barcelona SpanishCatalanBasque Country Basuku Chihō バスク地方 Pais Vasco SpanishEuskal Herria BasqueMadrid Madorido マドリード Madoriddo マドリッド Madrid SpanishGranada Guranada グラナダ Granada SpanishSeville Sebiria セビリア Sevilla SpanishValencia Barenshia バレンシア Valencia SpanishSweden edit nbsp Sweden Suweden スウェーデン 瑞典 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageStockholm Sutokkuhorumu ストックホルム Stockholm SwedishSwitzerland edit nbsp Switzerland Suisu スイス 瑞西 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageBern Berun ベルン Bern GermanGeneva Junebu ジュネーヴ Geneve FrenchLausanne Rōzannu ローザンヌ Lausanne FrenchZurich Churihhi チューリッヒ Zurich GermanTaiwan editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Japanese exonyms news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp Taiwan Taiwan 台湾 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesNon on yomi On yomi Name LanguageKaohsiung Takao 高雄 9 Kaoshun 9 Kōyu Gaoxiong Mandarin Takao is based on the Siraya name for the city 10 better source needed Ko hiong Taiwanese HokkienKo hiung HakkaKinmenQuemoy Jinmen 金門 Kinmon Jinmen MandarinKim mn g koan Taiwanese HokkienKim mun yen HakkaTaichung Taijon 台中 Taitson Taichu Taizhōng 臺中 Mandarin Transcriptions based on Mandarin pronunciation and Chinese postal romanization respectivelyTai tiong Taiwanese HokkienThoi chung HakkaTainan Tainan 台南 Tainan 臺南 MandarinTai lam Taiwanese HokkienThoi nam HakkaTaipei Taipei 台北 Taihoku Taibei 臺北 Mandarin Transcription based on Chinese postal romanizationTai pak Taiwanese HokkienThoi pet HakkaTaitung Taidon 台東 Taitō Taidōng 臺東 Mandarin Transcription based on Mandarin pronunciationTai tang Taiwanese HokkienThoi tung HakkaSimilar to Chinese exonyms Japanese can either use a transcription based on Mandarin or the Japanese on yomi of the endonym However there are some Japanese place names that are unrelated to the Chinese name of the place but are actually based on the Taiwanese aboriginal languages Thailand edit nbsp Thailand Tai タイ 泰 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageAyutthaya Ayutaya アユタヤ Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya phrankhrsrixyuthya ThaiBangkok Bankoku バンコク Krung Thep Maha Nakhon krungethphmhankhr Thai Based on English exonymChiang Mai Chenmai チェンマイ Chiang Mai echiyngihm ThaiChiang Rai Chenrai チェンライ Chiang Rai echiyngray ThaiHua Hin Hoahin ホアヒン Hua Hin hwhin ThaiKrabi Kurabi クラビ Krabi krabi ThaiPattaya Pataya パタヤ Pattaya phthya ThaiPhi Phi Islands Pipi Shotō ピーピー諸島 Mu Ko Phi Phi hmuekaaphiphi ThaiPhuket Puketto プーケット Phuket phuekt ThaiSukhothai Sukōtai スコータイ Sukhothai suokhthy ThaiTurkey edit nbsp Turkey Toruko トルコ 土耳古 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageAnkara Ankara アンカラ Ankara TurkishCappadocia Kappadokia カッパドキア Kapadokya Turkish Based on English exonym 11 Tarsus Tarususu タルスス Tarsus TurkishIstanbul Isutanburu イスタンブール Istanbul TurkishIzmir Izumiru イズミル Izmir TurkishUnited Arab Emirates edit nbsp United Arab Emirates Arabu Shuchōkoku Renpō アラブ首長国連邦 12 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageAbu Dhabi Abudabi アブダビ 12 Abu Dhabi أبوظبي Standard ArabicDubai Dobai ドバイ 12 Dubayy دبي Standard ArabicUnited Kingdom edit nbsp United Kingdom Igirisu イギリス 英吉利 Egeresu エゲレス Eikoku 英国 Rengō Ōkoku 連合王国 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageBelfast Berufasuto ベルファスト Belfast EnglishBeal Feirste IrishCardiff Kadifu カーディフ Cardiff EnglishCaerdydd WelshEdinburgh Edinbara エディンバラ Ejinbara エジンバラ Edinburgh English Based on the Received Pronunciation of the name as opposed to the Scots pronunciationScotsNorthern Ireland Kita Airurando 北アイルランド Northern Ireland EnglishTuaisceart Eirean Irish GaelicNorlin Airlann Ulster ScotsOxford Okkusufōdo オックスフォード 牛津 Oxford English Kanji 牛津 is based on the Chinese name for OxfordWales Weruzu ウェールズ Wales EnglishCymru WelshUnited States edit nbsp United States Amerika アメリカ 亜米利加 13 Beikoku 米国 14 Gasshukoku 合衆国 15 abbreviation Bei 米 14 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageCalifornia Kariforunia カリフォルニア Kashu 加州 California EnglishDenali Denari デナリ Denali EnglishDenver Denba デンバー Denver EnglishGolden Gate Bridge Goruden Geto Burijji ゴールデン ゲート ブリッジ Kinmon kyō 金門橋 Golden Gate Bridge English Kimmonkyou is a translation of Golden Gate Bridge Hawaii Hawai ハワイ Hawaii EnglishHawaiʻi HawaiianHollywood Hariuddo ハリウッド Shōrin 聖林 Hollywood English Shōrin is a translation of Holy Wood Los Angeles Rosanzerusu ロサンゼルス Rafu 羅府 Los Angeles English Rafu is an abbreviation adapted from a now deprecated Chinese transcription for Los Angeles 16 New York City Nyuyōku ニューヨーク New York City EnglishPearl Harbor Paru Haba パール ハーバー Shinjuwan 真珠湾 Pearl Harbor English Shinju wan is a translation of Pearl Harbor San Francisco Sanfuranshisuko サンフランシスコ Sōkō 桑港 San Francisco EnglishWashington D C Washinton Dishi ワシントンD C Kafu 華府 Washington DC EnglishVietnam edit nbsp Vietnam Betonamu ベトナム 越南 English name Japanese name Endonym NotesName LanguageCan Tho Kantō カントー Cần Thơ VietnameseDalat Daratto ダラット Đa Lạt VietnameseDanang Danan ダナン 17 Đa Nẵng 沱㶞 VietnameseDien Bien Phu Dienbienfu ディエンビエンフー Điện Bien Phủ 奠邊府 VietnameseHoi An Hoian ホイアン Hội An 會安 VietnameseHaiphong Haifon ハイフォン Hải Phong 海防 VietnameseHa Long Bay Haron wan ハロン湾 Vịnh Hạ Long 泳下龍 VietnameseHanoi Hanoi ハノイ Ha Nội 河內 VietnameseHue Fue フエ Huế 化 VietnameseHo Chi Minh CitySaigon Hōchimin shi ホーチミン市 Thanh phố Hồ Chi Minh 城庯胡志明 VietnameseSaigon サイゴン 18 Sai Gon 柴棍 VietnameseNha Trang Nyachan ニャチャン Nha Trang VietnameseSee also edit nbsp Languages portalExonym and endonym Names of Asian cities in different languages Japanese place names List of Japanese prefectural name etymologiesReferences edit Why do the Japanese call the UK Igirisu RocketNews24 2015 12 04 Retrieved 2016 11 20 金沢 庄三郎 1872 1967 1911 Amatsukami あまつかみ 天津神 辞林Jirin a precursor ofDaijirin in Japanese Japan Sanseidō p 49 doi 10 11501 863017 Retrieved 2021 09 05 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint numeric names authors list link 小林 房太郎 1872 1937 1932 09 30 Chōkō チョウコウ 長江 In Kobayashi Fusatarō ed 世界地名大辞典 Sekaichimeidaijiten World toponym encyclopedia in Japanese Vol 2 2 ed Tokyo Japan Nankosha p 1189 doi 10 11501 1876511 Retrieved 2021 04 18 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint numeric names authors list link 小林 房太郎 1872 1937 1935 09 30 Yōsukō ヨウスコウ 揚子江 In Kobayashi Fusatarō ed 世界地名大辞典 Sekaichimeidaijiten World toponym encyclopedia in Japanese Vol 3 2 ed Tokyo Japan Nankosha p 2028 doi 10 11501 1876523 Retrieved 2021 04 18 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Kopenhagen コペンハーゲン 精選版 日本国語大辞典 Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition in Japanese Japan Shogakukan Retrieved 2021 09 05 via kotobank Copenhagen 死海 死海 in Japanese Retrieved 2020 06 11 緬甸 menden can be read biruma but not myanma Menden めん でん 緬甸 精選版 日本国語大辞典 Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition in Japanese Japan Shogakukan via kotobank Biruma ビルマ 精選版 日本国語大辞典 Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition in Japanese Japan Shogakukan via kotobank a b c Hakutōsan はくとうさん 白頭山 精選版 日本国語大辞典 Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition in Japanese Japan Shogakukan Retrieved 2021 09 05 via kotobank a b Kaoshun カオシュン 高雄 Gao xiong 世界大百科事典 第2版 Heibonsha World Encyclopedia excerpt in Japanese Japan Heibonsha Retrieved 2021 09 05 via kotobank Stories Behind Taiwan s Place Names Island Folklore Island Folklore Taiwanese Tales amp Traditions 2018 12 25 Retrieved 2020 12 04 Kappadokia カッパドキア 精選版 日本国語大辞典 Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition in Japanese Japan Shogakukan Retrieved 2021 09 05 via kotobank Cappadocia a b c アラブ首長国連邦 United Arab Emirates UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan in Japanese Retrieved 2021 06 28 Amerika アメリカ 亜米利加 亜墨利加 精選版 日本国語大辞典 Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition in Japanese Japan Shogakukan meaning 2 Retrieved 2021 09 05 via kotobank a b Beikoku べい こく 米国 精選版 日本国語大辞典 Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition in Japanese Japan Shogakukan meaning 2 Retrieved 2021 09 05 via kotobank Gasshukoku がっしゅう こく 合衆国 精選版 日本国語大辞典 Nihon Kokugo Daijiten Concise edition in Japanese Japan Shogakukan meaning 2 Retrieved 2021 09 05 via kotobank 南加州日本人七十年史 in Japanese Los Angeles 南加日系人商業会議所 1960 p 45 在ベトナム日本国大使館 総領事館 Embassy and Consulate General of Japan in Vietnam Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan in Japanese 2020 01 20 Da Nang Retrieved 2021 09 05 在ダナン領事事務所 Da Nang Consular Office of Japan 小林 房太郎 1872 1937 1932 09 30 1932 Saigon サイゴン 世界地名大辞典 Sekai chimei daijiten World toponym encyclopedia in Japanese Vol 2 Tokyo Nankosha p 788 doi 10 11501 1876511 Retrieved 2021 03 05 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Nelson Andrew N 1962 The Modern Reader s Japanese English Character Dictionary Rutland VT Charles E Tuttle Company External links editList of countries in Ateji Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Japanese exonyms amp oldid 1182764157, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
