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Han River (Korea)

June 04, 2023

For other rivers called Han, see Han River.

The Han River or Hangang (Korean pronunciation: [ha(ː)n.ɡaŋ])[e] is a major river in South Korea and the fourth longest river on the Korean peninsula after the Amnok (Yalu), Tuman (Tumen), and Nakdong rivers.[7] The river begins as two smaller rivers in the eastern mountains of the Korean peninsula, which then converge near Seoul, the capital of the country.

Han River
Satellite map of the Han River
The Han River System
EtymologyBaekje Hanja,
"Hansu" (漢水)[a][1]
Native name한강 (Korean)
Location
CountrySouth Korea (KOR), North Korea (PRK)
ProvincesGangwon (KOR), Gyeonggi (KOR), Seoul (KOR), North Hwanghae (PRK)
Physical characteristics
SourceTaebaek Mountains
 • locationGeumdae Peak, Taebaek, Gangwon, South Korea[b][2]
MouthYellow Sea
 • location
Northwestern tip of Gimpo peninsula, KOR-PRK border[3]
Length508 km (316 mi)[4]
Basin size35,770 km2 (13,810 sq mi)[4]
Discharge 
 • locationHangang Bridge, Seoul[c][5]
 • average613 m3/s (21,600 cu ft/s)[d][5]
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftDalcheon, Cheongmicheon, Bokhacheon, Gyeongancheon, Anyangcheon, Ara Canal †
 • rightSeom River, Bukhan River, Jungnangcheon, Gongneungcheon, Rimjin River
† : Distributary of Han
Han River
Hangul
한강
Hanja
漢江
Revised RomanizationHan(-)gang
McCune–ReischauerHan'gang

The Han River and its surrounding area have played an important role in Korean history. The Three Kingdoms of Korea strove to take control of this land, where the river was used as a trade route to China (via the Yellow Sea).[8] The river is no longer actively used for navigation, because its estuary is located at the borders of the two Koreas, barred for entrance by any civilian.

The river serves as a water source for over 12 million South Koreans. In July 2000, the United States military admitted to having dumped formaldehyde in the sewer system connected to the river, causing protests.[9]

The lower stretches of the Han River are lined with pedestrian walkways, bicycle paths, public parks and restaurants, particularly in Seoul. In a 2011 survey conducted by Seoul Development Institute of 800 residents and 103 urban planning and architectural experts, 51.3 percent of residents and 68.9 percent of experts voted the river the second most scenic location in the city, following Mount Namsan in the top spot.[10]

Geography

 
Ice fishing in the Han River (1977)

The Hangang is formed by the confluence of the Namhan River (South Hangang), which originates in Mount Daedeoksan, and the Bukhan River (North Hangang), which originates on the slopes of Kumgangsan Mountain in North Korea. The River flows through Seoul and then merges with the Imjingang River (or Rimjingang River) shortly before it flows into the Yellow Sea. The two major branches of the river, the Namhang River and the Bukhan River, come together at Yangpyeong,[11] Gyeonggi province, at which point it is referred to as the Han River. It then passes through Seoul and continues on to the Yellow Sea. Broad tidal flats can be found at the mouth of the Han River, where it meets the sea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone that divides South and North Korea.[12]

The total length of the Han River is approximately 494 kilometres (307 mi).[13][4]

Although it is not a long river, the lower Hangang is remarkably broad for such a relatively short river. Within Seoul city limits, the river is more than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) wide. Prior to the construction of a number of major dams, the river was known for its huge coefficient of river regime (ratio between the maximum and minimum amount of flow) of 1:390. (For comparison, The Thames and the Rhine have coefficients of 1:8 and 1:18, respectively.)[14]

Name

The Namhangang (Namhan meaning "Southern Han" and gang meaning "river") is sometimes, but not always, referred to as the "Han" in South Korea. The term "Southern Han" is understood irrespective of which side of the border one stands.

Even though "Namhan" and "Bukhan" are homophones with the acronyms Namhan (남한; "South Korea") and Bukhan (북한; "North Korea"), used commonly in South Korea, this is a mere coincidence. The hanja for the Hangang is not 韓 ("Korea") but 漢 (Chinese). The reason behind this is because the meaning of the native Korean "han" (한), in this instance meaning "great" "large" "wide", was transliterated into Hanja with the character 漢 also meaning "large", thus showing the reason why the river used the word 漢 instead of 韓. It is also easily mistaken with the use of 漢 in Seoul's older name, "漢城" where 漢 does not refer to Chinese people, but refers to the idea of Seoul being the "walled city on the Han". As a result, Koreans rarely use 漢 because 韓 and 漢 sound the same (han), but the meaning is 韓 (han, 한, "Korean"), not "Han Chinese".

The Han River has been called by different names through the course of Korean history. During the early part of the Three Kingdoms period the river was often referred to as the Daesu (대수; 帶水; "the Regional Waters"). The state of Goguryeo called it the Arisu (아리수; 阿利水; "The Gainful Waters"). Baekje called it the Ungniha (욱리하; 郁里河; "Fragrant Mile River"), while the kingdom of Silla termed it the Iha (이하; 泥河; "Muddy River").[15]

History

The Han River has played a central role in Korean history from the earliest times. The kingdom of Baekje was the first to lay claim to the Han River, recognizing its strategic significance as a primary waterway linking the central western region of the peninsula with the Yellow Sea. It was also recognized for the river's fertile alluvial banks, a relative rarity on the mountainous peninsula. Pungnaptoseong, located south of Seoul, is posited as an early capital of Baekje. It was not long before the region near the mouth of the Han River on the Yellow Sea, around present-day Seoul, became a bone of contention between Baekje and the rising kingdom of Goguryeo. During the reign of its King Jangsu (r. 413-491) Goguryeo wrested the western terminus of the Han River from its rival Baekje. The ensuing decades would see a tug-of-war over the region until 551 when Baekje, in an alliance with Silla, confirmed its control over the Han River basin. But this alliance was not to last, and in 553 Silla broke its alliance with Baekje to seize control of the entire river as part of its bid for domination of the peninsula.[16]

With the demise of both Baekje and Goguryeo and then the unification of the peninsula under Silla in 668, the Han River entered its long era as a "Korean river", first under the control of Unified Silla (668-918), then of the succeeding Goryeo dynasty (918-1392), and finally as part of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910). During the Joseon period the Han River achieved new prominence as the primary waterway of the new Korean capital of Seoul, then called Hanyang.

 
South Korean president Syngman Rhee and his wife posing with US Army Corps of Engineers personnel at the Han River Bridge in 1950

Within the first week of the start of the Korean War the South Korean Army destroyed the Hangang Bridge in a bid to stem the advance of the invading North Korean military. In early 1951, there was a fair amount of fighting between Chinese People's Volunteer Army troops and US-led United Nations forces in the Han River area surrounding Seoul (refer to Operation Thunderbolt during the Korean War).

The Han River now belongs largely to the Republic of Korea, or South Korea, with its mouth on the Yellow Sea a few nautical miles from North Korea (though some of the river's tributaries are in North Korea). During the first few decades of South Korea's existence the Han River became a byword for pollution, as burgeoning industry and an impoverished populace used it as a convenient spillway for industrial and urban refuse. Though it no longer plays a central role in commerce or transportation it is a prime fixture in the life of the South Korean capital and in the last decade has become the focus of government sponsored environmental efforts to clean it up and transform it into an ecological jewel of the capital. During the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, the Han River was the site of the Olympic rowing regatta.[17]

There have been fears, such as the 1986 Water Panic in South Korea, that North Korea could attack Seoul by releasing waters from upstream dams, creating floods downstream.[18]

In July 2000, the US military admitted to dumping 20 gallons (75.7 liters) of diluted formaldehyde in the sewer system connected to the river. As the river serves as a drinking source for some 12 million South Koreans, some South Koreans launched large protests and accused the US military of ignoring South Korea's environmental regulations. Activists lobbed toy rockets—filled with water from the river—into the main US Army base. The political party Green Party Korea had earlier accused the US of dumping nearly 60 gallons of the toxic chemical into the river, and said that "... if people are exposed to the chemical for a long period of time, it could cause lung cancer [and when] dissolved into water, it could kill fish and other aquatic creatures."[19][20] The events inspired Bong Joon-ho's acclaimed 2006 film The Host.

From 2009 the Lee Myung Bak administration resuscitated a project to dig a canal linking the Han River with the Yellow Sea at Incheon. This eighteen kilometer Ara Canal was completed in 2012[21] and now links the Han River near Gimpo in Seoul to Incheon. It can accommodate both large container and passenger vessels.

Joint Utilization Zone

On November 4, 2018, a 20-member team consisting of 10 people from North Korea and 10 people from South Korea began a joint inter-Korean survey which will lead to the development a Joint Utilization Zone along the Han River's estuary.[22][23] The Zone will allow civilians to access the estuary for tourism, ecological protection and the collection of construction aggregate under the protection of militaries from both sides of the Korean border.[22][23] On November 5, 2018, the councils of South Korea's Gangwon and Gyeonggi provinces, which border the DMZ, signed a “peace working agreement” at Dorasan Station in Paju, giving local approval to the Joint Utilization Zone.[24] The inter-Korean survey of the Han River's estuary was completed on December 9, 2018.[25] The new map of the river's estuary, which consists of newly discovered reefs, will made public by January 25, 2019.[25]

Tributaries of the Han River

Tributaries are listed in order from the mouth of the Hangang to the source. Subtributaries are listed accordingly.

 
Jungnancheon meets Hangang, seen from Dongho Bridge
 
View of Yangjaecheon

Bridges over the lower Han River

A total of 31 bridges cross the Han River in Seoul National Capital Area (Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon), South Korea. They are:

From the west to the east

 
Hangang Railway Bridge and Hangang Bridge

Subways crossing Han River

In 2017, Line 8 will open to extension that will cross the Han River.[26]
In 2022, the Shinbundang Line will cross Han River by a tunnel beneath the riverbed.[27]

In media

The Han River features as a location in several movies. Notable films include:

  • The Host (2006) in which the Wonhyo Bridge plays an important part. It is about a monster living along the Han River casting fear amongst the citizens of Seoul by attacking and eating them alive.
  • Castaway on the Moon (2009) in which Bamseom island is the island the main character finds himself stranded on.
  • Inchon (1981), which includes the destruction of the Hangang Bridge.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Presumed to be a tranliterated form of ancient Korean, "Hangaram" [the big river; 한가람]
  2. ^ Geumdae Peak (1,418.1m, Korean: 금대봉; Hanja: 金臺峰; RR: Geumdaebong)
  3. ^ Discharge average from 2004 to 2013.
  4. ^ Discharge average from 2004 to 2013.
  5. ^ In the 19th century, the Hangang was also known in English sources as the Han River or Hang Kang.[6]

References

Citations

  1. ^ [List of Rivers of South Korea, 2013] (PDF) (in Korean). Han River Flood Control Office, Republic of Korea. 31 December 2012. pp. 23–24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ HRFCO 2012 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 25, 28.
  3. ^ HRFCO 2012 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 82-83.
  4. ^ a b c HRFCO 2012 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 22, 25, 33, 82-83.
  5. ^ a b [Monthly Status & Predictions Report on Water Resources, January 2014] (in Korean). Han River Flood Control Office, Republic of Korea. 13 January 2014. p. 3. Archived from the original (HWP) on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  6. ^ EB (1878), p. 390.
  7. ^ Shin, Jung-il, "Historic River Flowing through the Korean Peninsula." Koreana (Summer, 2004), 6.
  8. ^ Liu, William Guanglin (31 August 2015). The Chinese Market Economy, 1000–1500. ISBN 9781438455679.
  9. ^ Kirk, Don (15 July 2000). "U.S. Dumping Of Chemical Riles Koreans". The New York Times.
  10. ^ "Mt. Namsan Picked as Seoul's No. 1 Scenic Attraction". Chosun Ilbo. 28 April 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  11. ^ "Water, nature and people".
  12. ^ Kim Jae-il, "Preservation of the Hangang's Ecology", Koreana 18:2 (Summer 2004).
  13. ^ "Han River".
  14. ^ Korea Water Resources Association: . Archived from the original on 2007-08-26. Retrieved 2007-10-01.
  15. ^ Yi and Kim, 24.
  16. ^ "Three-Kingdom Era: Koreans bring culture to Japan". 25 November 2011.
  17. ^ "Seoul mates return to Korea – 25 years later".
  18. ^ North Korea Opens Dam Flow, Sweeping Away 6 in the South New York Times
  19. ^ "Hürriyet Daily News". Hürriyet Daily News.
  20. ^ Reports, From Times Wire (25 July 2000). "U.S. Apologizes for Dumping Chemical" – via LA Times.
  21. ^ 김태민; 이병협 (May 2013). "경인 아라뱃길의 과거와 현재, 그리고 미래". 대한토목학회지 (in Korean). 61 (5): 78–81.
  22. ^ a b "(LEAD) Koreas begin joint waterway survey along western border". 5 November 2018.
  23. ^ a b Archived at Ghostarchive and the : "Two Koreas begin joint waterway inspection on shared use of Hangang River Estuary". YouTube.
  24. ^ "South and North launch joint hydrographic survey of Han and Imjin estuaries".
  25. ^ a b "Two Koreas Complete Joint Waterway Survey of River Estuaries l KBS WORLD Radio".
  26. ^ Bak, Yongson (2011-05-04). "경기북부 연장 광역전철 '윤곽 잡혔다'". Yonhap News. Retrieved 7 Sep 2011.
  27. ^ "Tunnel sees daylight" (Korean Newspaper). Korea Joogang Daily. Retrieved 11 May 2011.

Bibliography

  • "Corea" , 'Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. VI, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1878, pp. 390–394.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Han River.
  • operated by Seoul Metropolitan Government
  • Korea Times article on the river's modern history
37°45′N 126°11′E / 37.750°N 126.183°E / 37.750; 126.183

June 04, 2023
river, korea, other, rivers, called, river, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, river, korea, news, news. For other rivers called Han see Han River This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Han River Korea news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Han River or Hangang Korean pronunciation ha ː n ɡaŋ e is a major river in South Korea and the fourth longest river on the Korean peninsula after the Amnok Yalu Tuman Tumen and Nakdong rivers 7 The river begins as two smaller rivers in the eastern mountains of the Korean peninsula which then converge near Seoul the capital of the country Han RiverSatellite map of the Han RiverThe Han River SystemEtymologyBaekje Hanja Hansu 漢水 a 1 Native name한강 Korean LocationCountrySouth Korea KOR North Korea PRK ProvincesGangwon KOR Gyeonggi KOR Seoul KOR North Hwanghae PRK Physical characteristicsSourceTaebaek Mountains locationGeumdae Peak Taebaek Gangwon South Korea b 2 MouthYellow Sea locationNorthwestern tip of Gimpo peninsula KOR PRK border 3 Length508 km 316 mi 4 Basin size35 770 km2 13 810 sq mi 4 Discharge locationHangang Bridge Seoul c 5 average613 m3 s 21 600 cu ft s d 5 Basin featuresTributaries leftDalcheon Cheongmicheon Bokhacheon Gyeongancheon Anyangcheon Ara Canal rightSeom River Bukhan River Jungnangcheon Gongneungcheon Rimjin River Distributary of HanHan RiverHangul한강Hanja漢江Revised RomanizationHan gangMcCune ReischauerHan gangThe Han River and its surrounding area have played an important role in Korean history The Three Kingdoms of Korea strove to take control of this land where the river was used as a trade route to China via the Yellow Sea 8 The river is no longer actively used for navigation because its estuary is located at the borders of the two Koreas barred for entrance by any civilian The river serves as a water source for over 12 million South Koreans In July 2000 the United States military admitted to having dumped formaldehyde in the sewer system connected to the river causing protests 9 The lower stretches of the Han River are lined with pedestrian walkways bicycle paths public parks and restaurants particularly in Seoul In a 2011 survey conducted by Seoul Development Institute of 800 residents and 103 urban planning and architectural experts 51 3 percent of residents and 68 9 percent of experts voted the river the second most scenic location in the city following Mount Namsan in the top spot 10 Contents 1 Geography 2 Name 3 History 3 1 Joint Utilization Zone 4 Tributaries of the Han River 5 Bridges over the lower Han River 6 Subways crossing Han River 7 In media 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 10 1 Citations 10 2 Bibliography 11 External linksGeography Edit Ice fishing in the Han River 1977 The Hangang is formed by the confluence of the Namhan River South Hangang which originates in Mount Daedeoksan and the Bukhan River North Hangang which originates on the slopes of Kumgangsan Mountain in North Korea The River flows through Seoul and then merges with the Imjingang River or Rimjingang River shortly before it flows into the Yellow Sea The two major branches of the river the Namhang River and the Bukhan River come together at Yangpyeong 11 Gyeonggi province at which point it is referred to as the Han River It then passes through Seoul and continues on to the Yellow Sea Broad tidal flats can be found at the mouth of the Han River where it meets the sea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone that divides South and North Korea 12 The total length of the Han River is approximately 494 kilometres 307 mi 13 4 Although it is not a long river the lower Hangang is remarkably broad for such a relatively short river Within Seoul city limits the river is more than 1 kilometre 0 62 mi wide Prior to the construction of a number of major dams the river was known for its huge coefficient of river regime ratio between the maximum and minimum amount of flow of 1 390 For comparison The Thames and the Rhine have coefficients of 1 8 and 1 18 respectively 14 Name EditThe Namhangang Namhan meaning Southern Han and gang meaning river is sometimes but not always referred to as the Han in South Korea The term Southern Han is understood irrespective of which side of the border one stands Even though Namhan and Bukhan are homophones with the acronyms Namhan 남한 South Korea and Bukhan 북한 North Korea used commonly in South Korea this is a mere coincidence The hanja for the Hangang is not 韓 Korea but 漢 Chinese The reason behind this is because the meaning of the native Korean han 한 in this instance meaning great large wide was transliterated into Hanja with the character 漢 also meaning large thus showing the reason why the river used the word 漢 instead of 韓 It is also easily mistaken with the use of 漢 in Seoul s older name 漢城 where 漢 does not refer to Chinese people but refers to the idea of Seoul being the walled city on the Han As a result Koreans rarely use 漢 because 韓 and 漢 sound the same han but the meaning is 韓 han 한 Korean not Han Chinese The Han River has been called by different names through the course of Korean history During the early part of the Three Kingdoms period the river was often referred to as the Daesu 대수 帶水 the Regional Waters The state of Goguryeo called it the Arisu 아리수 阿利水 The Gainful Waters Baekje called it the Ungniha 욱리하 郁里河 Fragrant Mile River while the kingdom of Silla termed it the Iha 이하 泥河 Muddy River 15 History EditThe Han River has played a central role in Korean history from the earliest times The kingdom of Baekje was the first to lay claim to the Han River recognizing its strategic significance as a primary waterway linking the central western region of the peninsula with the Yellow Sea It was also recognized for the river s fertile alluvial banks a relative rarity on the mountainous peninsula Pungnaptoseong located south of Seoul is posited as an early capital of Baekje It was not long before the region near the mouth of the Han River on the Yellow Sea around present day Seoul became a bone of contention between Baekje and the rising kingdom of Goguryeo During the reign of its King Jangsu r 413 491 Goguryeo wrested the western terminus of the Han River from its rival Baekje The ensuing decades would see a tug of war over the region until 551 when Baekje in an alliance with Silla confirmed its control over the Han River basin But this alliance was not to last and in 553 Silla broke its alliance with Baekje to seize control of the entire river as part of its bid for domination of the peninsula 16 With the demise of both Baekje and Goguryeo and then the unification of the peninsula under Silla in 668 the Han River entered its long era as a Korean river first under the control of Unified Silla 668 918 then of the succeeding Goryeo dynasty 918 1392 and finally as part of the Joseon dynasty 1392 1910 During the Joseon period the Han River achieved new prominence as the primary waterway of the new Korean capital of Seoul then called Hanyang South Korean president Syngman Rhee and his wife posing with US Army Corps of Engineers personnel at the Han River Bridge in 1950 Within the first week of the start of the Korean War the South Korean Army destroyed the Hangang Bridge in a bid to stem the advance of the invading North Korean military In early 1951 there was a fair amount of fighting between Chinese People s Volunteer Army troops and US led United Nations forces in the Han River area surrounding Seoul refer to Operation Thunderbolt during the Korean War The Han River now belongs largely to the Republic of Korea or South Korea with its mouth on the Yellow Sea a few nautical miles from North Korea though some of the river s tributaries are in North Korea During the first few decades of South Korea s existence the Han River became a byword for pollution as burgeoning industry and an impoverished populace used it as a convenient spillway for industrial and urban refuse Though it no longer plays a central role in commerce or transportation it is a prime fixture in the life of the South Korean capital and in the last decade has become the focus of government sponsored environmental efforts to clean it up and transform it into an ecological jewel of the capital During the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul the Han River was the site of the Olympic rowing regatta 17 There have been fears such as the 1986 Water Panic in South Korea that North Korea could attack Seoul by releasing waters from upstream dams creating floods downstream 18 In July 2000 the US military admitted to dumping 20 gallons 75 7 liters of diluted formaldehyde in the sewer system connected to the river As the river serves as a drinking source for some 12 million South Koreans some South Koreans launched large protests and accused the US military of ignoring South Korea s environmental regulations Activists lobbed toy rockets filled with water from the river into the main US Army base The political party Green Party Korea had earlier accused the US of dumping nearly 60 gallons of the toxic chemical into the river and said that if people are exposed to the chemical for a long period of time it could cause lung cancer and when dissolved into water it could kill fish and other aquatic creatures 19 20 The events inspired Bong Joon ho s acclaimed 2006 film The Host From 2009 the Lee Myung Bak administration resuscitated a project to dig a canal linking the Han River with the Yellow Sea at Incheon This eighteen kilometer Ara Canal was completed in 2012 21 and now links the Han River near Gimpo in Seoul to Incheon It can accommodate both large container and passenger vessels Joint Utilization Zone Edit On November 4 2018 a 20 member team consisting of 10 people from North Korea and 10 people from South Korea began a joint inter Korean survey which will lead to the development a Joint Utilization Zone along the Han River s estuary 22 23 The Zone will allow civilians to access the estuary for tourism ecological protection and the collection of construction aggregate under the protection of militaries from both sides of the Korean border 22 23 On November 5 2018 the councils of South Korea s Gangwon and Gyeonggi provinces which border the DMZ signed a peace working agreement at Dorasan Station in Paju giving local approval to the Joint Utilization Zone 24 The inter Korean survey of the Han River s estuary was completed on December 9 2018 25 The new map of the river s estuary which consists of newly discovered reefs will made public by January 25 2019 25 Tributaries of the Han River EditTributaries are listed in order from the mouth of the Hangang to the source Subtributaries are listed accordingly Jungnancheon meets Hangang seen from Dongho Bridge Cheonggyecheon Tancheon View of Yangjaecheon Gongneungcheon 곡능천 Najinhacheon 나진하천 Changneungcheon 창능천 Anyangcheon 안양천 Dorimcheon 도림천 Jungnangcheon 중랑천 Cheonggyecheon 청계천 Tancheon 탄천 Yangjaecheon 양재천 Yeosucheon 여수천 Bundangcheon 분당천 Pungdeokcheon 풍덕천 Gyeongancheon 경안천 Neungwoncheon 능원천 Yangjicheon 양지천 Unhakcheon 운학천 Bukhan River 북한강 Munhocheon 문호천 Hongcheongang River 홍천강 Sandaecheon 산대천 Deoksancheon 덕산천 Seongjeoncheon 성전천 Yasidaecheon 야시대천 Gapyeongcheon 가평천 Soyanggang River 소양강 Sanaecheon 사내천 Yongdamcheon 용담천 Magunaemeo 마구내머 Mahyeoncheon 마현천 Bongocheon 봉오천 Namhangang River 남한강 Sinnaegaeul 신내개울 View of Han river parkHeukcheon 흑천 Yongdamcheon 용담천 Bokhacheon 복하천 Jukdangcheon 죽당천 Pyogocheon 표고천 Gwanricheon 관리천 Yanghwacheon 양화천 Geumdangcheon 금당천 Cheongmicheon 청미천 Gyecheon 계천 Ungcheon 웅천 Seomgang River 섬강 Iricheon 이리천 Mokmicheon 목미천 Hwangsancheon 환산천 Guryoncheon 구룡천 Yeongdeokcheon 영덕천 Daejeoncheon 대전천 Dalcheon 달천 Yodocheon 요도천 Donggang 동강 Bridges over the lower Han River EditA total of 31 bridges cross the Han River in Seoul National Capital Area Seoul Gyeonggi Incheon South Korea They are From the west to the east Yanghwa Bridge Dangsan Railway Bridge Hangang Railway Bridge and Hangang Bridge Ilsan Bridge 일산대교 Gimpo Bridge 김포대교 Haengju Bridge 행주대교 Banghwa Bridge 방화대교 Magok Bridge 마곡대교 Gayang Bridge 가양대교 World Cup Bridge 월드컵대교 Seongsan Bridge 성산대교 Yanghwa Bridge 양화대교 Dangsan Railway Bridge 당산철교 Seogang Bridge 서강대교 Mapo Bridge 마포대교 Wonhyo Bridge 원효대교 Hangang Railway Bridge 한강철교 Hangang Bridge 한강대교 Dongjak Bridge 동작대교 Banpo Bridge with Jamsu Bridge 반포대교와 잠수교 Hannam Bridge 한남대교 Dongho Bridge 동호대교 Seongsu Bridge 성수대교 Yeongdong Bridge 영동대교 Cheongdam Bridge 청담대교 Jamsil Bridge 잠실대교 Jamsil Railway Bridge 잠실철교 Olympic Bridge 올림픽대교 Cheonho Bridge 천호대교 Gwangjin Bridge 광진교 Guri Amsa Bridge 구리암사대교 Gangdong Bridge 강동대교 Route 60 Paldang Bridge 팔당대교Subways crossing Han River EditSeoul Subway Line 1 Yongsan Noryangjin Seoul Subway Line 2 Gangbyeon Jamsillaru Dangsan Hapjeong Seoul Subway Line 3 Oksu Apgujeong Seoul Subway Line 4 Ichon Dongjak Seoul Subway Line 5 Yeouinaru Mapo Gwangnaru Cheonho Seoul Subway Line 7 Ttukseom Resort Cheongdam Airport Railroad Gimpo International Airport Digital Media City Bundang Line Apgujeongrodeo Seoul Forest In 2017 Line 8 will open to extension that will cross the Han River 26 In 2022 the Shinbundang Line will cross Han River by a tunnel beneath the riverbed 27 In media EditThe Han River features as a location in several movies Notable films include The Host 2006 in which the Wonhyo Bridge plays an important part It is about a monster living along the Han River casting fear amongst the citizens of Seoul by attacking and eating them alive Castaway on the Moon 2009 in which Bamseom island is the island the main character finds himself stranded on Inchon 1981 which includes the destruction of the Hangang Bridge See also EditRivers of Asia List of rivers of Korea Geography of South Korea Miracle on the Han River Hangang ParkNotes Edit Presumed to be a tranliterated form of ancient Korean Hangaram the big river 한가람 Geumdae Peak 1 418 1m Korean 금대봉 Hanja 金臺峰 RR Geumdaebong Discharge average from 2004 to 2013 Discharge average from 2004 to 2013 In the 19th century the Hangang was also known in English sources as the Han River or Hang Kang 6 References EditCitations Edit 2013년 한국하천일람 List of Rivers of South Korea 2013 PDF in Korean Han River Flood Control Office Republic of Korea 31 December 2012 pp 23 24 Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 3 July 2014 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a External link in code class cs1 code publisher code help HRFCO 2012 Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine pp 25 28 HRFCO 2012 Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine pp 82 83 a b c HRFCO 2012 Archived 2016 03 04 at the Wayback Machine pp 22 25 33 82 83 a b 2014년 1월 월간 수자원 현황 및 전망 Monthly Status amp Predictions Report on Water Resources January 2014 in Korean Han River Flood Control Office Republic of Korea 13 January 2014 p 3 Archived from the original HWP on 15 July 2014 Retrieved 15 July 2014 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a External link in code class cs1 code publisher code help EB 1878 p 390 Shin Jung il Historic River Flowing through the Korean Peninsula Koreana Summer 2004 6 Liu William Guanglin 31 August 2015 The Chinese Market Economy 1000 1500 ISBN 9781438455679 Kirk Don 15 July 2000 U S Dumping Of Chemical Riles Koreans The New York Times Mt Namsan Picked as Seoul s No 1 Scenic Attraction Chosun Ilbo 28 April 2011 Retrieved 4 June 2012 Water nature and people Kim Jae il Preservation of the Hangang s Ecology Koreana 18 2 Summer 2004 Han River Korea Water Resources Association KWRA Korea Water Resources Association Archived from the original on 2007 08 26 Retrieved 2007 10 01 Yi and Kim 24 Three Kingdom Era Koreans bring culture to Japan 25 November 2011 Seoul mates return to Korea 25 years later North Korea Opens Dam Flow Sweeping Away 6 in the South New York Times Hurriyet Daily News Hurriyet Daily News Reports From Times Wire 25 July 2000 U S Apologizes for Dumping Chemical via LA Times 김태민 이병협 May 2013 경인 아라뱃길의 과거와 현재 그리고 미래 대한토목학회지 in Korean 61 5 78 81 a b LEAD Koreas begin joint waterway survey along western border 5 November 2018 a b Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine Two Koreas begin joint waterway inspection on shared use of Hangang River Estuary YouTube South and North launch joint hydrographic survey of Han and Imjin estuaries a b Two Koreas Complete Joint Waterway Survey of River Estuaries l KBS WORLD Radio Bak Yongson 2011 05 04 경기북부 연장 광역전철 윤곽 잡혔다 Yonhap News Retrieved 7 Sep 2011 Tunnel sees daylight Korean Newspaper Korea Joogang Daily Retrieved 11 May 2011 Bibliography Edit Corea Encyclopaedia Britannica 9th ed Vol VI New York Charles Scribner s Sons 1878 pp 390 394 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Han River Hangang Citizen s Park operated by Seoul Metropolitan Government Korea Times article on the river s modern history Brief History of Hangang River 37 45 N 126 11 E 37 750 N 126 183 E 37 750 126 183 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Han River Korea amp 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