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Monterrey

January 26, 2023

"San Luis Rey de Francia" redirects here. For the mission in California, see Mission San Luis Rey de Francia. For the saint, see Louis IX of France.
This article is about the Mexican city. For the city in California, see Monterey, California. For other uses, see Monterrey (disambiguation).

Monterrey (/ˌmɒntəˈreɪ/ (listen) MON-tə-RAY, Spanish: [monteˈrej] (listen))[5] is the capital and largest city of the northeastern state of Nuevo León, Mexico, and the third largest city in Mexico behind Guadalajara and Mexico City.[4] Located at the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental, the city is anchor to the Monterrey metropolitan area, the second-largest in Mexico with an estimated population of 5,341,171 people as of 2020 and the second most productive metropolitan area in Mexico with a GDP (PPP) of US$140 billion in 2015.[6][7] According to the 2020 census, the city itself has a population of 1,142,194.[6]

Monterrey
City
Left to right, top to bottom: Skyline of Monterrey and San Pedro Garza García; Unity Bridge; Monterrey Cathedral; Bishopric's lookout, Nuevo León state's government palace; Cerro de la Silla.
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): 
Sultan of the North, City of the Mountains, Mexican Industrial Capital
Motto: 
Work Tempers the Spirit
Monterrey
Location of Monterrey within Mexico
Monterrey
Monterrey (Mexico)
Monterrey
Monterrey (North America)
Coordinates: 25°40′N 100°18′W / 25.667°N 100.300°W / 25.667; -100.300
CountryMexico
StateNuevo León
MunicipalityMonterrey
FoundedSeptember 20, 1596
Founded asCiudad Metropolitana de Nuestra Señora de Monterrey (English translation: Metropolitan city of Our Lady of Monterrey)
Founded byDiego de Montemayor
Named forGaspar de Zúñiga, 5th Count of Monterrey
Government
 • MayorLuis Donaldo Colosio Riojas
Area
 • City324.8 km2 (125.4 sq mi)
 • Urban
958[1] km2 (370 sq mi)
 • Metro
7,657.5 km2 (2,956.6 sq mi)
Elevation
540 m (1,770 ft)
Population
 (2015[3])
 • City1,109,171
 • Density3,415/km2 (8,845/sq mi)
 • Urban
5,341,171[2]
 • Urban density4,500/km2 (11,600/sq mi)
 • Metro
4,689,601
 • Demonym
Regiomontano(a)
Regio(a)
Time zoneUTC−6 (CST[4])
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT[4])
Website(in Spanish) www.monterrey.gob.mx
The words "Ciudad de Monterrey" shown on the flag and seal translate to "City of Monterrey" in English.

Monterrey is one of the most livable cities in Mexico, and a 2018 study found that suburb San Pedro Garza García is the city with the best quality of life in Mexico.[8] It serves as a commercial center of northern Mexico and is the base of many significant international corporations. Its purchasing power parity-adjusted GDP per capita is considerably higher than the rest of Mexico's at around US$35,500, compared to the country's US$18,800.[9] It is considered a Beta World City,[10][11] cosmopolitan and competitive.[12] Rich in history and culture, it is one of the most developed cities in Mexico.[13]

As an important industrial and business center, the city is also home to many Mexican companies, including Arca Continental, Grupo Avante, Lanix Electronics, Ocresa, Cemex, Vitro, OXXO, FEMSA, DINA S.A., Gamesa, Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery, and Grupo ALFA.[14][15] Multiple international companies, including Cognizant, Siemens, Accenture, MSCI, Ternium, Sony, Toshiba, Carrier, Whirlpool, Samsung, Toyota, Babcock & Wilcox, Daewoo, British American Tobacco, Nokia, Dell, Boeing, HTC, General Electric, Johnson Controls, LG, SAS Institute, Grundfos, Danfoss, Qualfon and Teleperformance, also have regional offices in Monterrey.[16][17][18]

The uninterrupted settlement of Monterrey was founded by Diego de Montemayor in 1596. In the years after the Mexican War of Independence, Monterrey became an important business center. With the establishment of Fundidora Monterrey, the city has experienced great industrial growth.

History

See also: History of Monterrey; Timeline of Monterrey, Mexico; and History of Nuevo León

Prehispanic history

Before the European foundation of the city, there was no established nation-state, and the population consisted of some indigenous semi-nomadic groups. Carved stone and cave painting in surrounding mountains and caves have allowed historians to identify four major groups in present-day Monterrey: Azalapas, Huachichiles, Coahuiltecos and Borrados.[19]

Foundation

 
Map of Monterrey, 1791

In the 16th century, the valley in which Monterrey sits was known as the Extremadura Valley, an area largely unexplored by the Spanish colonizers. The first expeditions and colonization attempts were led by conquistador Alberto del Canto, who named the city Santa Lucia, but they were unsuccessful because the Spanish were attacked by the natives and fled. The Spanish expeditionary Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva negotiated with King Philip II of Spain to establish a territory in northern New Spain that would be called Nuevo León, the "New Kingdom of León". In 1580, he arrived in the newly granted lands but it was not until 1582 that he established a settlement called San Luis Rey de Francia (named for Saint Louis IX of France) within present-day Monterrey. The New Kingdom of León extended westward from the port of Tampico to the limits of Nueva Vizcaya ("New Biscay", now State of Chihuahua), and around 1,000 kilometers northward. For eight years Nuevo León was abandoned and uninhabited, until a third expedition of 13 families led by conquistador Diego de Montemayor founded Ciudad Metropolitana de Nuestra Señora de Monterrey ("Metropolitan City of Our Lady of Monterrey") on September 20, 1596, next to a water spring called Ojos de Agua de Santa Lucia, where the Museum of Mexican History and Santa Lucía riverwalk are now. The new city's name was chosen to honor the wife of Gaspar de Zúñiga, 5th Count of Monterrey, ninth Viceroy of New Spain,[citation needed] and was thus indirectly named after the municipality of Monterrei in Galicia, Spain.

Monterrey's Coat of Arms shows an Indian throwing an arrow to the sun in front of Cerro de la Silla mountain. This represents a native ceremony performed at sunrise. During the years of Spanish rule, Monterrey remained a small city, and its population varied from a few hundred to only dozens. The city facilitated trade between San Antonio (now in Texas), Tampico and from Saltillo to the center of the country. Tampico's port brought many products from Europe, while Saltillo concentrated the Northern Territories' trade with the capital, Mexico City. San Antonio was the key trade point with the northern foreign colonies (British and French).[citation needed]

After Mexican Independence (19th century)

 
Monterrey in 1846

In the 19th century, after the Mexican Independence War, Monterrey rose as a key economic center for the newly formed nation, especially due to its balanced ties between Europe (with its connections to Tampico), the United States (with its connections to San Antonio), and the capital (through Saltillo). In 1824, the "New Kingdom of León" became the State of Nuevo León, and Monterrey was selected as its capital. But the political instability that followed the first 50 years of the new country allowed two American invasions and an internal secession war, during which the governor of the state annexed Coahuila and Tamaulipas states, designating Monterrey as the capital of the Republic of the Sierra Madre as it did before in 1840 for the Republic of the Rio Grande.[citation needed]

In 1846, the earliest large-scale engagement of the Mexican–American War took place in the city, known as the Battle of Monterrey. Mexican forces were forced to surrender but only after successfully repelling U.S. forces' first few advances on the city. The battle inflicted high casualties on both sides, much of them resulting from hand-to-hand combat within the walls of the city center. Many of the generals in the Mexican War against France were natives of the city, including Mariano Escobedo, Juan Zuazua (b. Lampazos de Naranjo, NL) and Jerónimo Treviño.[citation needed]

The brewery Cervecería Cuauhtémoc, one of the milestone local enterprises, was founded in 1890.

20th century

 
View of Monterrey and Cerro de la Silla in 1904

During the last decade of the 19th century, Monterrey was linked by railroad, which benefitted industry. It was during this period that José Eleuterio González founded the University Hospital, now one of northeast Mexico's best public hospitals, affiliated with the School of Medicine of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL). Antonio Basagoiti and other citizens founded the Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey.[20]

A steel-producing company that accelerated the already fast industrialization of the city was founded in 1900 and became one of the world's biggest. In 1986, Monterrey hosted several games of the 1986 FIFA World Cup.[citation needed]

In 1988, Hurricane Gilbert caused great damage to the city; the Santa Catarina River overflowed, causing about 100 deaths and economic damage.[citation needed]

21st century

The city has hosted international events such as the 2002 United Nations Conference on Financing for Development with the participation of more than 50 heads of state and government, as well as other ministers and senior delegates from over 150 countries. The conference resulted in the adoption of the Monterrey Consensus, which has become a reference point for international development and cooperation. In 2004, the OAS Special Summit of the Americas was attended by almost all the presidents of the Americas.[citation needed]

In 2007, Monterrey held the Universal Forum of Cultures, with four million visitors. In 2008, Monterrey held the FINA World Junior Championships.[citation needed]

In 2010, Monterrey was hit by another damaging storm, Hurricane Alex which was considered worse than Hurricane Gilbert, with record-breaking rain bringing floods and causing severe economic damage. Damage estimates totaled US$1.885 billion and $16.9 billion MXN. Reconstruction and urban renewal ensued. Recently, the Nuevo León Development Plan 2030 was presented, along with some other metropolitan projects.[citation needed]

In August 2011 the city was the scene of a terror attack on a casino, in which more than 50 people were killed.[21]

In summer 2022, the area experienced a severe drought, and city water service was cut off for several weeks to some areas, and in others limited to six hours a day.[22] The city has three reservoirs; Cerro Prieto Reservoir dropped to 1% of its capacity, and La Boca Reservoir dropped to 8%.[23] El Cuchillo Reservoir remained at 30%, but limited aqueduct capacity led the government to announce in September 2022 a second aqueduct to connect it to Monterrey, with expected completion in July 2023.[23] Heavy rains replenished reservoirs in early September.[23] Controversy erupted over local bottling companies continuing to use well water to export beer and soft drinks during the crisis, though industry uses only 4% of water in Nuevo León, while residents use 25% and agriculture uses 71%.[23] In late September, the governor of Nuevo León declared the crisis over, but asked residents to voluntarily use no more than 100 liters per day.[24]

Further information: Water scarcity in Mexico

Geography

 
Monterrey seen form a Cerro de la Silla antenna. The mountain to the left in the background is Cerro de las Mitras; that on the right is Cerro del Topo Chico.
 
City of Monterrey from the ISS, 2017

The city of Monterrey is 540 metres (1,770 ft) above sea level in the northeastern state of Nuevo León.[25] Monterrey translated from Spanish to English is "King Mount" or "King mountain", which refers to the city's topography and the large mountains that surround it. The Santa Catarina River—dry most of the year on the surface but with flowing underground water—bisects Monterrey from east to west, separating the city into north and south halves, and drains the city to the San Juan River and Rio Grande.

Monterrey is adjacent to San Nicolás de los Garza, García and General Escobedo to the north; Guadalupe, Juárez and Cadereyta Jiménez to the east; Santiago to the south; and San Pedro Garza García and Santa Catarina to the west. Their combined metropolitan population is over 4,080,329 people.[26]

Monterrey lies north of the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range. A small hill, the Cerro del Topo, and the smaller Topo Chico are in the suburbs of San Nicolás de los Garza and Escobedo. West of the city rises the Cerro de las Mitras (Mountain of the Mitres), which resemble the profile of several bishops with their mitres.

Cerro de la Silla (Saddle Mountain) dominates the view at the east of the city and is considered a major symbol of the city. Cerro de la Loma Larga—South of the Santa Catarina river—separates Monterrey from the suburb of San Pedro Garza García. At the summit of the Cerro del Obispado, north of the river, is the historic Bishopric Palace, site of one of the most important battles of the Mexican–American War.

Natural areas

The mountains surrounding Monterrey contain many canyons, trails and roads that cross deserts and forests and suitable trails are available to the general public. The Sierra Madre Oriental mountains south of the city are included in the "Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey" (National Park), which was added to UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program of Biosphere Reserves in 2006.[27]

Cumbres de Monterrey includes:

  • Parque Ecológico Chipinque,[28] which contains forested areas (oak and oak-pine mainly).[29][30][31]
  • La Estanzuela state park, about 7 km (4 mi) south of Monterrey, a river and forested area.[32]
  • La Huasteca, west of the city, in the municipality of Santa Catarina.
  • El Potrero Chico Climbing Area, north east of the city, in the municipality of Hidalgo.
  • Garcia Caves – these caves are situated in Garcia, Nuevo Leon and were discovered in 1843. Inside you can see amazing stalagmites formations and snail fossils.[33]
  • Matacanes – can be found in the municipality of Potrero Redondo in Santiago, Nuevo Leon. It is a 10 hrs walking tour in which you can find rappel descents, underground rivers, waterfalls, among other obstacles.[34]
  • Hydrophobia Canyon – similar to Matacanes with the only difference this is a 100% aquatic area.[35]
  • Cascade Cola de Caballo – a spectacular waterfall in Santiago Nuevo Leon, formed by water that runs down from the mountains of nearby Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey, impressive rock formations and sprawling forests.

Climate

 
Intense cloud layer over Monterrey

Monterrey has a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh). Being inland at a modest elevation, it is one of the warmest major cities in Mexico.[36] Summers are generally hot, spring and fall temperate, and winters mild, with temperatures rarely below freezing.[37] The average high in August is 35 °C (95 °F) and the average low is 23 °C (73 °F). The average January high is 21 °C (70 °F) and the average low in January is 8 °C (46 °F). Rainfall is scarce in winter, but more frequent during May through September.

Monterrey frequently experiences extreme weather changes; for example, it sometimes reaches 30 °C (86 °F) in January and February, the coldest months. The most extreme weather changes in summer occur with rainfall, which can reduce temperatures significantly, and the temporary absence of the northern winds in winter, which can lead to abnormally high temperatures. Seasons are not well defined; the warm season may start in February and may last until September. In April and May 2011 temperatures reached 45 °C (113 °F) or higher, causing fires and extreme heat. Snow is a very rare event, although an accumulation of 50 cm (20 inches) in 8 hours occurred in January 1967.[38] The most recent snowfall was in February 2021, Sleet and ice events occurred in January 2007, December 2009, January and February 2010 and February 2011,[39] caused by temperatures around −5 °C (23 °F).

From June 30 to July 2, 2010, Monterrey was hit by the worst natural disaster in the city's history when Hurricane Alex delivered more than 584 millimetres (23 in) of rain in 72 hours, with areas reaching up to 1 metre (39 in) of rain during that same period, destroying homes, avenues, highways and infrastructure, and leaving up to 200,000 families without water for a week or more. The amount of water that fell was equivalent to the average precipitation for a year. This was about 3–4 times as much rain as Hurricane Gilbert produced in the city on September 15, 1988. The death toll of Hurricane Alex was estimated to be around 20.

Climate data for Monterrey (1951–2010, extremes 1929–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 38.0
(100.4) 		39.5
(103.1) 		43.0
(109.4) 		48.0
(118.4) 		46.0
(114.8) 		45.0
(113.0) 		41.5
(106.7) 		42.5
(108.5) 		41.0
(105.8) 		39.0
(102.2) 		39.0
(102.2) 		39.0
(102.2) 		48.0
(118.4)
Average high °C (°F) 20.7
(69.3) 		23.2
(73.8) 		26.9
(80.4) 		30.0
(86.0) 		32.2
(90.0) 		33.8
(92.8) 		34.8
(94.6) 		34.5
(94.1) 		31.5
(88.7) 		27.6
(81.7) 		24.1
(75.4) 		21.2
(70.2) 		28.4
(83.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 14.4
(57.9) 		16.6
(61.9) 		20.0
(68.0) 		23.4
(74.1) 		26.2
(79.2) 		27.9
(82.2) 		28.6
(83.5) 		28.5
(83.3) 		26.2
(79.2) 		22.4
(72.3) 		18.4
(65.1) 		15.1
(59.2) 		22.3
(72.1)
Average low °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		13.2
(55.8) 		16.7
(62.1) 		20.2
(68.4) 		22.0
(71.6) 		22.3
(72.1) 		22.5
(72.5) 		20.9
(69.6) 		17.2
(63.0) 		12.7
(54.9) 		9.1
(48.4) 		16.3
(61.3)
Record low °C (°F) −7.0
(19.4) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		5.0
(41.0) 		8.0
(46.4) 		11.5
(52.7) 		11.0
(51.8) 		12.2
(54.0) 		10.0
(50.0) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−7.5
(18.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 16.6
(0.65) 		16.5
(0.65) 		19.9
(0.78) 		29.7
(1.17) 		52.3
(2.06) 		68.4
(2.69) 		43.0
(1.69) 		81.6
(3.21) 		150.6
(5.93) 		75.1
(2.96) 		23.0
(0.91) 		14.1
(0.56) 		590.8
(23.26)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 4.2 3.8 3.4 4.5 5.7 5.6 3.9 6.4 8.2 6.5 4.1 3.4 59.7
Average snowy days 0.03 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03
Average relative humidity (%) 67.3 64.7 61.6 62.1 66.3 66.0 64.3 64.5 71.2 72.0 69.0 68.7 66.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 151.7 156.1 193.6 190.5 204.8 212.3 235.3 245.6 188.2 174.3 167.1 140.3 2,259.6
Source 1: Servicio Meteorologico Nacional,[40][41] World Meteorological Organization (relative humidity and sun 1981–2010)[42]
Source 2: Colegio de Postgraduados (snowy days 1951–1980)[43]

Demographics

According to the national INEGI population census of 2010, of the total population of the state of Nuevo León, 87.3% lived in the Monterrey metropolitan area.[44][45][46][47][48]

The Monterrey metropolitan area is the second most populous in Mexico with more than 5 million. It comprises the municipalities of Monterrey, Apodaca, Escobedo, García, Guadalupe, Santiago, Juárez, San Nicolás de los Garza, San Pedro Garza García, Santa Catarina and Salinas Victoria.[49]

Education

Monterrey has an estimated 3.7% rate of illiteracy. In 2005, of an estimated 983,359 inhabitants above 6 years of age, 36,689 were illiterate.[50] In 2005, the city had 72 public libraries, with 298,207 books available, serving an estimated 478,047 readers.[50]

The Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (Autonomous University of Nuevo León, UANL) is the third-largest Mexican university and is ranked by the Reader's Digest-AC Nielsen Survey 2005 as the top public university in northeast Mexico.[51] Its main campus, Ciudad Universitaria (University City), covers approximately 67,630,000 square metres (17,000 acres).[52] The UANL system comprises 26 colleges (faculties), 22 graduate divisions, 24 high schools, 1 center of bilingual education and 3 technical high schools. Its medical school is considered one of the most advanced in Latin America.[53]

Monterrey is also the headquarters of the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Studies),[54] which ranked #291 at the 2013 QS World University Rankings in Engineering and Information Technology, #201 in Social Sciences and #279 overall.[55] It also holds a "QS Stars Rated for Excellence" of 5 stars.

The Universidad Regiomontana[56] was founded in 1969 with the support of local leading multinational corporations such as Cemex,[57] Alfa,[58] Femsa,[59] Gamesa,[60] Protexa[61] and CYDSA.[62] It is a private educational institution offering university-preparatory school, undergraduate and graduate programs. It has agreements with more than 350 universities across the globe (such as the recent expanded agreement[63] with Texas A&M International University).[64] It is member of GATE (Global Alliance for Transnational Education) and FIMPES (Federación de Instituciones Mexicanas Particulares de Educación Superior) and its administration holds an ISO 9001 Certification. The university is nationally recognized, so its degree equivalency is comparable to that of a regionally accredited university in the United States. The university is dedicated to educating students in an atmosphere of freedom and humanism, and providing students hands-on experience in their field of study. Its urban campus[65] further stimulates the city's vibrant economy and attracts working professionals who complement and enrich the academic experience.

The Universidad de Monterrey was founded by the religious congregations of the Sisters of Immaculate Mary of Guadalupe, the nuns of the Sacred Heart and the Marist and La Salle brothers, all of them supported by an association of Catholic citizens.[66]

Health

 
Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences building of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León

Monterrey generally has a very highly ranked medical infrastructure with some internationally acclaimed hospitals,[67] including three with Joint Commission accreditation.[68] The Joint Commission is a private healthcare accreditation group. There are both public and private hospitals. The Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) has two major regional hospitals in the city, the Specialties Regional Hospital # 33, the cardiac centre (Hospital #34), and the Gynecology and Obstetrics Regional Hospital, serving also the northeastern states of Coahuila and Tamaulipas. Several smaller IMSS hospitals can be found such as the Traumatology and Orthopedics Hospital and the General Hospital # 25. State government owns the Metropolitan Hospital, located in the suburb of San Nicolás de los Garza and the Hospital of the Children and Mother Care in Guadalupe suburb.

The Autonomous University of Nuevo León runs the public University Hospital, with a high-level shock-trauma unit and a specialized clinic for child cancer treatment. It is recognized as the best public hospital in the northeast of Mexico and the UANL School of Medicine as one of the best in the country. On the other hand, the Tecnológico de Monterrey runs the Hospital San José-Tec de Monterrey private hospital.

Monterrey has healthcare standards above the average for Mexico.[69] It has several hospitals, including Hospital Cima (formerly Santa Engracia) of the International Hospital Corporation. Its convenient location, low prices and quality of medical care have made of Monterrey a very popular medical tourism destination for United States patients.[70][71]

Governance

Main article: Politics and government of Nuevo León
 
Palacio Municipal de Monterrey (Monterrey City Hall)
 
The Palace of Government of Nuevo León (Governor's Office)

Monterrey and its metropolitan area are municipalities governed by a democratically elected Presidente Municipal (Municipal President), or mayor, for a period of three years. The political environment is one of civility and in the last decade political parties have been alternating office. The current mayor of Monterrey is Luis Donaldo Colosio Riojas.[citation needed]

The City Council of Monterrey (Cabildo de Monterrey) is an organ integrated by the mayor, the Regidores and the Síndicos. The mayor is the executor of the determinations of the City Council and the person directly in charge of public municipal administration. The Regidores represent the community and collectively define city policies. The Síndicos are in charge of watching and legally defending city interests, as well as of monitoring the treasury and the municipal patrimony.[72]

The political parties with representation in the city are the Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI, the National Action Party or PAN, the Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD, the Labor Party or PT, the Green Party, Citizens' Movement, Socialdemocratic Party and Nueva Alianza.

Public safety

Main article: Mexican Drug War

In 2005, Monterrey was ranked one of the safest cities in Mexico,[73] and one of the two safest in 2006. But since 2008 it has experienced violence related to turf battles between warring drug cartels. The year 2011 was the most violent in history. Drug dealers are a major concern, although military offensives and police captures of important drug-cartel chiefs have weakened cartels trying to settle in the city. The city is safe to travel by day and night.[74][75][76] In 2019, cartels were still fighting for control of the city, potentially making Monterrey dangerous.[77]

There are two police departments in the city, the Police of the City of Monterrey (locally known as the Policía Regia),[78] dependent on the municipal government, and the State Public Safety.[79] The Policía Regia protects the city's downtown and main areas, while the State Public Safety is in charge of remoter areas. Since the 2011 attack on the Casino Royale, security has been reinforced by military and federal police.[80]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Monterrey is connected with the United States–Mexico border, the sea and inland Mexico through different roads, including the Carretera Nacional (also known as the Panamerican Highway) that runs from Nuevo Laredo to Mexico City and south, and the Carretera Interoceánica connecting Matamoros with the port of Mazatlán on the Pacific; it is also crossed by highways 40, 45, 57. The divided highway Monterrey-Saltillo-Matehuala-Mexico City is the main land corridor to interior Mexico.

There are several between-cities bus lines at the bus station downtown. There are arrivals and departures into deeper Mexico, to the U.S. border and into the United States. Monterrey is also connected by at least three important railroad freight lines: Nuevo Laredo-Mexico City, Monterrey-Tampico, and Monterrey-Pacific (Mazatlán).

The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Monterrey, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 85 min. 25% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 17 min, while 29.% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 9.5 km, while 25% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.[81]

The city has a rapid transit system called Metrorrey, which currently has 2 lines.[82][83] and a BRT called Ecovía.

The city is served by two international airports: General Mariano Escobedo International Airport (served by major international carriers and moving more than 6.5 million passengers in 2007)[84] and Del Norte International Airport, a primarily private airport.

Monterrey is linked through frequent non-stop flights to many Mexican cities and to key United States hubs (Atlanta, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Detroit, Houston-Intercontinental, JFK/New York, and Las Vegas). Monterrey is the second most important city for the operating routes of Aeroméxico.[85]

Four airlines have their operational bases and headquarters in Monterrey, Volaris, Aeroméxico Connect, VivaAerobus and Magnicharters. Regarding ground transportation from Monterrey International Airport, taxi services link the airport with the city and charge around US$20 for a one-way ride to the city. From this airport, there is a bus shuttle to nearby Saltillo. Inter-city bus services run daily into the interior, as well as north to the US border and points beyond. A public transportation bus line operated by the Nuevo Leon State Government called the Ruta Express (Express Route) also operates from the airport to the Line 1 "Y-Griega" Metro Station.[86]

Water

This section is an excerpt from Urban water management in Monterrey, Mexico.[edit]

Beginning early in the 20th century, Monterrey, Mexico began a successful economic metamorphosis and growth pattern that remains an exception in Mexico. This all began with increased investments in irrigation that fueled a boom in agriculture and ranching for this northern Mexican city. The economic growth has fueled income disparity for the 3.86 million residents who live in the Monterrey Metro area (MMA). In addition, the rapid urbanization has taken a large toll on the water resources. In addressing many of this challenges, the city of Monterrey has become a model for sound and effective Integrated urban water management.

The challenges that Monterrey has confronted pertain to scarcity of surface water resources, poor water quality due to untreated industrial effluents, political cycles and term-limits which can limit long-term vision, and water disputes between urban and agricultural users. Monterrey has good groundwater "well-fields" that supply about 40% of the water demand for the city and generally are not over-exploited because of good connections to high-yield aquifer systems in the central parts of the "Curvatura de Monterrey". These wells are managed as storage reserves that can be used in time of drought, which is quite common in this region of Mexico.[87]

Also unique to Monterrey is an arrangement made between farmers and the municipality, whereby the farmers grant the use of their water rights from the nearby Cuchillo reservoir and the municipal water utility SADM (Servicios de Agua y Drenaje de Monterrey) returns urban used and treated water to farmers for irrigation.[88] This arrangement has benefited both parties since SADM supplements its water supply with high quality but internmitent supply from the Cuchillo reservoir and farmers receive a consistent and full of nutrients water for irrigation. The longer term outlook for the area is for urbanization to continue and water availability to decrease, therefore, new water management strategies will have to be created.

Economy

See also: Category:Companies based in Monterrey

Monterrey is a major industrial center in northern Mexico, with a GDP (PPP) of US$140 billion and a GDP (PPP) per capita of US$31,900 in 2015.[7] The city was rated by Fortune magazine in 1999 as the best city in Latin America for business and is currently ranked third best by the América Economía magazine.[89]

The city has prominent positions in sectors such as steel, cement, glass, auto parts, and brewing. The city's economic wealth has been attributed in part to its proximity to the United States-Mexico border and economic links to the United States.[89][90]

Industrialization was accelerated in the mid-19th century by the Compañia Fundidora de Fierro y Acero Monterrey, a steel-processing company.[91] Today, Monterrey is home to transnational conglomerates such as Cemex (the world's third largest cement company),[92] FEMSA (Coca-Cola Latin America, largest independent Coca-Cola bottler in the world), Alfa (petrochemicals, food, telecommunications and auto parts), Axtel (telecommunications), Vitro (glass), Selther (leading mattress and rest systems firm in Latin America), Gruma (food), and Banorte (financial services). The FEMSA corporation owned a large brewery, the Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery (Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma) that produces the brands Sol, Tecate, Indio, Dos Equis and Carta Blanca among others, in the beginning of the year Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery was sold to Dutch-based company Heineken. By the end of the same year, there were more than 13,000 manufacturing companies, 55,000 retail stores, and more than 52,000 service firms in Monterrey.[93]

The metals sector, dominated by iron and steel, accounted for 6 percent of manufacturing GNP in 1994.[94] Mexico's steel industry is centered in Monterrey, where the country's first steel mills opened in 1903. Steel processing plants in Monterrey, privatized in 1986, accounted for about half of Mexico's total steel output in the early 1990s.[94]

Monterrey was ranked 94th worldwide and fifth in Latin America in terms of Quality of Life according to Mercer Human Resource Consulting (2006),[95] and was ranked second in 2005 and fourth in 2006, according to América Economía.

Some of the shopping malls in the city include Paseo San Pedro, Paseo La Fe, Plaza Fiesta San Agustín, Galerías Monterrey, and Galerías Valle Oriente, which distribute goods and services to the Mexican population.

 
Panoramic image of Monterrey

Culture

The 2007 Universal Forum of Cultures was an international cultural event held in Monterrey from September 20 to December 8, 2007.[96]

Cuisine

 
Cabrito (kid goat) is Monterrey's most popular traditional dish

The most traditional dish from Monterrey is cabrito,[97] kid goat cooked on embers. Other local dishes and customs that perhaps date back to the Crypto-Judaism of Monterrey's founding families are the "semita" (bread without leavening), the capirotada dessert (a mix of cooked bread, cheese, raisins, peanuts, and crystallized sugarcane juice), and the relative absence of pork dishes. Another famous local dish is machacado con huevo.

Carne asada on weekends remains a tradition among Monterrey families. It is usually served with grilled onions, baked potatoes and sausages or chopped as tacos. Locally brewed beer and cola are an almost mandatory part of the weekly ritual. "Glorias" and "obleas," made from goat milk, are both traditional Nuevo León desserts.

Monterrey has a wide gastronomic variety due to its climate geography, climate, texture, a mixture of ethnics groups, and their influences, a series of unique dishes have been created through more than 400 years of history.[citation needed]

Contemporary music

See also: Category:Musical groups from Monterrey

Since the 1960s, Monterrey has been known for "Norteño" music. Bands like Ramon Ayala, Pesado, Duelo and other Mexican "regional" bands perform at the clubs. Monterrey has witnessed the birth of several bands that have become internationally acclaimed. Their genres vary considerably. Bands include Plastilina Mosh, Control Machete, Kinky, El Gran Silencio, Celso Pina, Jumbo, Division Minuscula, Genitallica, 3Ball MTY, The Warning, GAMA, Los Claxons. The song "Los Oxidados" by Plastilina Mosh opened the 2005 movie Mr. & Mrs. Smith.

Landmarks

 
Seat of LABNL Lab Cultural Ciudadano.
 
The Macroplaza, the 8th largest city square in the world.
 
Ex-Bishop of Monterrey Palace in Bishop Slope
 
Santa Lucía artificial river over Fundidora Park
  • The Santa Lucía artificial river, built between 1996 and 2007. It currently joins the Macroplaza with the Fundidora Park.
  • The Cerro de la Silla (Saddle Mountain).
  • The Macroplaza, the 8th largest city square int the world, is the cultural and administrative heart of the city featuring remarkable monuments, green areas and buildings.
  • Faro del Comercio (Lighthouse of Commerce), another trademark of the city. This monument beams a green laser around the city at night.
  • Barrio Antiguo (lit. Old neighborhood or old town) is the historical urban center of the city of Monterrey. There are preserved houses from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Nowadays bars, cafes, art galleries and restaurants can be found there. In November of every year the Festival Cultural Barrio Antiguo takes place with national and international artists and performers. In recent years this festival has been replaced with the Festival Internacional de Santa Lucia, which now takes place in September.
  • The Museum of Modern Art is a post-modern Mexican architecture designed by Ricardo Legorreta with the objective of creating different ambiances for artists and visitors from all around the world.
  • Monterrey's Inukshuk is one of only a handful of authentic examples to be found outside Canada of these stone monuments from the high Arctic. The sculpture was created in situ by the renowned Inuit artist Bill Nasogaluak in 2007 and was a gift to the state of Nuevo León from the Canadian Chamber of Commerce and the Government of Canada.
  • Fundidora Park is a large urban park that contains old foundry buildings, 120 hectares of natural ambiance, artificial lakes, playgrounds, alternative cinema (Cineteca), museum (Photo Collection, the State Plastic Arts Collection, Exhibits and Spaces), hotel, auditorium and convention center.
  • Puente de la Unidad (sometimes called Puente Atirantado) is a suspension bridge that crosses the Santa Catarina River and joins San Pedro Garza García with Monterrey.
  • The Alfa Planetarium is the first IMAX dome built in Latin America and fourth in the world.
  • The Government Palace of Nuevo León is a pink marble of Neoclassical architecture where the governor's office is located.
  • El Cerro del Obispado (Bishopric Hill) which includes a public, scenic lookout called Mirador del Obispado, a Monumental flag and the museum inside the Palacio del Obispado (the Bishopric Palace).
  • ITESM, ITESM has two distinctive buildings CEDES which houses the administration of the ITESM nationwide system and the CETEC which houses the main computer classroom and other offices.
  • Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery (Cervecería Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma), with its 19th-century buildings and where the national Baseball Hall of Fame (Salón de la Fama) is located.
  • The Cola de Caballo (Horse Tail) waterfall, on the mountains near the towns of Santiago and El Cercado, about 35 km (22 mi) south.
  • On the way to the Cola de Caballo waterfall (Carretera Nacional going to Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas), in Santiago, the Presa Rodrigo Gomez or "La Boca" ("La Boca" Dam)[98][99] lays nested between green hills.
  • The Museum of Mexican History[100] is the most representative and visited museum of the North of the Republic, fulfilling its purpose of spreading the historical content of the Mexican cultural heritage.
  • LABNL Lab Cultural Ciudadano is a citizen laboratory located in the center of the city. This public space of collective creation develops projects for the common benefit of local communities.

Media

Monterrey is an important producer and broadcaster of media and entertainment in Mexico. Grupo Multimedios operates 4 television channels in the city, one of them also broadcasting to the Mexican states of Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Chihuahua and Guanajuato, and several cities within the United States. National broadcasting networks Televisa and Azteca have local stations for all of their major channels, along with the non-commercial broadcasters such as Once and Canal 22 networks. The state of Nuevo León and UANL also maintain television stations.

Grupo Reforma, one of the most widely read newsources in Mexico originated in the city with the newspaper El Norte. Milenio Diario de Monterrey, published by Grupo Multimedios, is another newspaper of high distribution, daily printing local editions in the most important Mexican cities. Other local newspapers include El Porvenir, El Horizonte, and ABC. Northern Mexico's weekly business newspaper Biznews is also headquartered in Monterrey.

Monterrey also has several radio stations broadcasting news, music, entertainment, and culture for the city. The main radio broadcasting groups are Multimedios Radio, Grupo Radio Alegría and Nucleo Radio Monterrey.

Sports

The city hosted 8 matches during the 1986 FIFA World Cup.[101] The city will host matches during the 2026 FIFA World Cup. [102]The FINA World Junior Swimming Championships were held in Monterrey in the summer of 2008 at the University of Nuevo Leon (UANL),[103] after the completion of a world-class and FINA-approved Aquatic Center. Also the city wanted to bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics,[104] but the Mexican Olympic Committee refused to support it.[105] Backed by a young people's movement, students of the universities of Monterrey formed the Monterrey 2014 Foundation with the purpose of hosting the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. In 2009, the Mexican Olympic Committee gave the bid to Guadalajara which later on withdrew the bid late January 2010.[106] Monterrey was bidding for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics.[107][108] Again, in February 2012, the Mexican Olympic Committee chose Guadalajara as a candidate for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics,[109] but was eliminated by the International Olympic Committee to advance to the final round.[110] Since then, the Foundation Monterrey Olympic City A.C., the new name of this group of young citizens,[111] are working on a project bid for the 2023 Summer Youth Olympics[112] and then apply for the 2028 Summer Olympics.

Monterrey has two football teams in the Mexican league. The C.F. Monterrey, commonly known as the Rayados del Monterrey, uses the Estadio BBVA Bancomer, a facility sponsored by BBVA Bancomer and other important businesses. The Tigres UANL, owned by CEMEX,[113] host matches at Estadio Universitario, on the main campus of the UANL. Both teams are related to the city on the derby, called Clásico Regiomontano. During the match, most of the city watches in bars, clubs, and family homes. It was proposed to build a stadium for both teams, the "Estadio Internacional Monterrey",[114] but both teams rejected the idea. The project is still being promoted, but the UANL Tigres have yet to finish their stadium contract and the Rayados just inaugurated a new stadium of their own. Club de Fútbol Monterrey recently opened a new stadium with a capacity of 50,000. It was scheduled to be finished by 2014, named "Estadio de Fútbol Monterrey", but was inaugurated on August 2, 2015, in a match with Benfica FC. Rayados won, 3–0. Before the inauguration, the name was changed to Estadio BBVA Bancomer. It will remain the club's property for 50 years before becoming government property.[115]

In addition, two professional indoor soccer teams were hosted in the past, the Monterrey La Raza, members of the Continental Indoor Soccer League and World Indoor Soccer League and the Monterrey Fury, members of the Major Indoor Soccer League. The city was awarded another franchise to begin play in the fall of 2007 in the MISL.

Baseball has a long history in the city, where it became the most popular sport during the early 20th century. Monterrey has been champion of the Little League World Series three times (1957, 1958 and 1997), and has been host of Major League Baseball games. The Sultanes de Monterrey are a Mexican League baseball team in the Northern Division. They have won the national title several times. The team was formed May 20, 1939, as Carta Blanca (a local beer brand, owned by Cuauhtémoc Moctezuma Brewery which owned the team). The team was also known as the gray ghosts. Soon, they became one of the most important teams in the league, winning its first championship in 1943. The Sultanes play in the Estadio de Béisbol Monterrey, the largest baseball stadium in Mexico.[citation needed] In 2003, the city unsuccessfully attempted to buy (and relocate to Monterrey) the Montreal Expos franchise of Major League Baseball.

There are two professional basketball teams: Fuerza Regia that plays in the national league, Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional, and the Monterrey Venom that plays in the minor league American Basketball Association. Fuerza Regia used to play at the Monterrey Arena and now is doing this at Gimnasio Nuevo León while the Monterrey Poison plays at the gymnasium of the ITESM. The city has hosted the Champ Car race in Fundidora Park from 2001 to 2005 and hosted the A1 Grand Prix of Nations in February 2006.

In 2004, Monterrey hosted the World Karate Federation Senior World Championships. In April 2004, Monterrey's Arena Monterrey became the first city to host WWE in Mexico. In 2007, Monterrey hosted the Women's WTBA World Tenpin Bowling Championships. The city has two college American football teams, the Auténticos Tigres UANL and the Borregos Salvajes (ITESM) that play in the National College League (ONEFA). There is also a local children's league called AFAIM. People can also find golf, fishing, camping, and extreme-sports outdoors near the city (bungee jumping at Cola de Caballo, rock-climbing, hiking, mountain bike). In particular there is international-level rock-climbing places like la Huasteca, Potrero Chico and many other canyons.

Starting 2009 the Monterrey Open has been held at Monterrey. It is a professional women's tennis tournament affiliated with the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and is part of the International tournaments on the WTA Tour. The Monterrey Open was also a golf tournament on the U.S.-based second tier professional Nike Tour, later named the Nationwide Tour and the Korn Ferry Tour, from 1993 to 2001. It was played at the Club Campestre in San Pedro Garza García, a suburb of Monterrey. In 2010, Monterrey hosted the International Ice Hockey Federation World U18 Championship at the Monterrey Ice Complex. Centauros Rugby Club Monterrey was founded in 2010 and is affiliated with the FMRU (Federacion Mexicana de Rugby).

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Mexico

Monterrey is twinned with:[116][117][118][119][120][121]

See also

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Further reading

  • Michael Snodgrass, Deference and Defiance in Monterrey: Workers, Paternalism, and Revolution in Mexico, 1890–1950 (Cambridge University Press, 2003) (ISBN 978-0-521-81189-7)

External links

Coordinates: 25°40′N 100°18′W / 25.667°N 100.300°W / 25.667; -100.300

  • Government of the City of Monterrey

January 26, 2023
monterrey, luis, francia, redirects, here, mission, california, mission, luis, francia, saint, louis, france, this, article, about, mexican, city, city, california, monterey, california, other, uses, disambiguation, listen, spanish, monteˈrej, listen, capital,. San Luis Rey de Francia redirects here For the mission in California see Mission San Luis Rey de Francia For the saint see Louis IX of France This article is about the Mexican city For the city in California see Monterey California For other uses see Monterrey disambiguation Monterrey ˌ m ɒ n t e ˈ r eɪ listen MON te RAY Spanish monteˈrej listen 5 is the capital and largest city of the northeastern state of Nuevo Leon Mexico and the third largest city in Mexico behind Guadalajara and Mexico City 4 Located at the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental the city is anchor to the Monterrey metropolitan area the second largest in Mexico with an estimated population of 5 341 171 people as of 2020 and the second most productive metropolitan area in Mexico with a GDP PPP of US 140 billion in 2015 6 7 According to the 2020 census the city itself has a population of 1 142 194 6 MonterreyCityLeft to right top to bottom Skyline of Monterrey and San Pedro Garza Garcia Unity Bridge Monterrey Cathedral Bishopric s lookout Nuevo Leon state s government palace Cerro de la Silla FlagSealNickname s Sultan of the North City of the Mountains Mexican Industrial CapitalMotto Work Tempers the SpiritMonterreyLocation of Monterrey within MexicoShow map of Nuevo LeonMonterreyMonterrey Mexico Show map of MexicoMonterreyMonterrey North America Show map of North AmericaCoordinates 25 40 N 100 18 W 25 667 N 100 300 W 25 667 100 300CountryMexicoStateNuevo LeonMunicipalityMonterreyFoundedSeptember 20 1596Founded asCiudad Metropolitana de Nuestra Senora de Monterrey English translation Metropolitan city of Our Lady of Monterrey Founded byDiego de MontemayorNamed forGaspar de Zuniga 5th Count of MonterreyGovernment MayorLuis Donaldo Colosio RiojasArea City324 8 km2 125 4 sq mi Urban958 1 km2 370 sq mi Metro7 657 5 km2 2 956 6 sq mi Elevation540 m 1 770 ft Population 2015 3 City1 109 171 Density3 415 km2 8 845 sq mi Urban5 341 171 2 Urban density4 500 km2 11 600 sq mi Metro4 689 601 DemonymRegiomontano a Regio a Time zoneUTC 6 CST 4 Summer DST UTC 5 CDT 4 Website in Spanish www wbr monterrey wbr gob wbr mxThe words Ciudad de Monterrey shown on the flag and seal translate to City of Monterrey in English Monterrey is one of the most livable cities in Mexico and a 2018 study found that suburb San Pedro Garza Garcia is the city with the best quality of life in Mexico 8 It serves as a commercial center of northern Mexico and is the base of many significant international corporations Its purchasing power parity adjusted GDP per capita is considerably higher than the rest of Mexico s at around US 35 500 compared to the country s US 18 800 9 It is considered a Beta World City 10 11 cosmopolitan and competitive 12 Rich in history and culture it is one of the most developed cities in Mexico 13 As an important industrial and business center the city is also home to many Mexican companies including Arca Continental Grupo Avante Lanix Electronics Ocresa Cemex Vitro OXXO FEMSA DINA S A Gamesa Cuauhtemoc Moctezuma Brewery and Grupo ALFA 14 15 Multiple international companies including Cognizant Siemens Accenture MSCI Ternium Sony Toshiba Carrier Whirlpool Samsung Toyota Babcock amp Wilcox Daewoo British American Tobacco Nokia Dell Boeing HTC General Electric Johnson Controls LG SAS Institute Grundfos Danfoss Qualfon and Teleperformance also have regional offices in Monterrey 16 17 18 The uninterrupted settlement of Monterrey was founded by Diego de Montemayor in 1596 In the years after the Mexican War of Independence Monterrey became an important business center With the establishment of Fundidora Monterrey the city has experienced great industrial growth Contents 1 History 1 1 Prehispanic history 1 2 Foundation 1 3 After Mexican Independence 19th century 1 4 20th century 1 5 21st century 2 Geography 2 1 Natural areas 2 2 Climate 3 Demographics 3 1 Education 3 2 Health 4 Governance 4 1 Public safety 5 Infrastructure 5 1 Transportation 5 2 Water 6 Economy 7 Culture 7 1 Cuisine 7 2 Contemporary music 7 3 Landmarks 7 4 Media 7 5 Sports 8 Twin towns sister cities 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksHistory EditThis article should include a summary of History of Monterrey See Wikipedia Summary style for information on how to incorporate it into this article s main text See also History of Monterrey Timeline of Monterrey Mexico and History of Nuevo Leon Prehispanic history Edit Before the European foundation of the city there was no established nation state and the population consisted of some indigenous semi nomadic groups Carved stone and cave painting in surrounding mountains and caves have allowed historians to identify four major groups in present day Monterrey Azalapas Huachichiles Coahuiltecos and Borrados 19 Foundation Edit Map of Monterrey 1791 In the 16th century the valley in which Monterrey sits was known as the Extremadura Valley an area largely unexplored by the Spanish colonizers The first expeditions and colonization attempts were led by conquistador Alberto del Canto who named the city Santa Lucia but they were unsuccessful because the Spanish were attacked by the natives and fled The Spanish expeditionary Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva negotiated with King Philip II of Spain to establish a territory in northern New Spain that would be called Nuevo Leon the New Kingdom of Leon In 1580 he arrived in the newly granted lands but it was not until 1582 that he established a settlement called San Luis Rey de Francia named for Saint Louis IX of France within present day Monterrey The New Kingdom of Leon extended westward from the port of Tampico to the limits of Nueva Vizcaya New Biscay now State of Chihuahua and around 1 000 kilometers northward For eight years Nuevo Leon was abandoned and uninhabited until a third expedition of 13 families led by conquistador Diego de Montemayor founded Ciudad Metropolitana de Nuestra Senora de Monterrey Metropolitan City of Our Lady of Monterrey on September 20 1596 next to a water spring called Ojos de Agua de Santa Lucia where the Museum of Mexican History and Santa Lucia riverwalk are now The new city s name was chosen to honor the wife of Gaspar de Zuniga 5th Count of Monterrey ninth Viceroy of New Spain citation needed and was thus indirectly named after the municipality of Monterrei in Galicia Spain Monterrey s Coat of Arms shows an Indian throwing an arrow to the sun in front of Cerro de la Silla mountain This represents a native ceremony performed at sunrise During the years of Spanish rule Monterrey remained a small city and its population varied from a few hundred to only dozens The city facilitated trade between San Antonio now in Texas Tampico and from Saltillo to the center of the country Tampico s port brought many products from Europe while Saltillo concentrated the Northern Territories trade with the capital Mexico City San Antonio was the key trade point with the northern foreign colonies British and French citation needed After Mexican Independence 19th century Edit Monterrey in 1846 In the 19th century after the Mexican Independence War Monterrey rose as a key economic center for the newly formed nation especially due to its balanced ties between Europe with its connections to Tampico the United States with its connections to San Antonio and the capital through Saltillo In 1824 the New Kingdom of Leon became the State of Nuevo Leon and Monterrey was selected as its capital But the political instability that followed the first 50 years of the new country allowed two American invasions and an internal secession war during which the governor of the state annexed Coahuila and Tamaulipas states designating Monterrey as the capital of the Republic of the Sierra Madre as it did before in 1840 for the Republic of the Rio Grande citation needed In 1846 the earliest large scale engagement of the Mexican American War took place in the city known as the Battle of Monterrey Mexican forces were forced to surrender but only after successfully repelling U S forces first few advances on the city The battle inflicted high casualties on both sides much of them resulting from hand to hand combat within the walls of the city center Many of the generals in the Mexican War against France were natives of the city including Mariano Escobedo Juan Zuazua b Lampazos de Naranjo NL and Jeronimo Trevino citation needed The brewery Cerveceria Cuauhtemoc one of the milestone local enterprises was founded in 1890 20th century Edit View of Monterrey and Cerro de la Silla in 1904 During the last decade of the 19th century Monterrey was linked by railroad which benefitted industry It was during this period that Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez founded the University Hospital now one of northeast Mexico s best public hospitals affiliated with the School of Medicine of the Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon UANL Antonio Basagoiti and other citizens founded the Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey 20 A steel producing company that accelerated the already fast industrialization of the city was founded in 1900 and became one of the world s biggest In 1986 Monterrey hosted several games of the 1986 FIFA World Cup citation needed In 1988 Hurricane Gilbert caused great damage to the city the Santa Catarina River overflowed causing about 100 deaths and economic damage citation needed 21st century Edit The city has hosted international events such as the 2002 United Nations Conference on Financing for Development with the participation of more than 50 heads of state and government as well as other ministers and senior delegates from over 150 countries The conference resulted in the adoption of the Monterrey Consensus which has become a reference point for international development and cooperation In 2004 the OAS Special Summit of the Americas was attended by almost all the presidents of the Americas citation needed In 2007 Monterrey held the Universal Forum of Cultures with four million visitors In 2008 Monterrey held the FINA World Junior Championships citation needed In 2010 Monterrey was hit by another damaging storm Hurricane Alex which was considered worse than Hurricane Gilbert with record breaking rain bringing floods and causing severe economic damage Damage estimates totaled US 1 885 billion and 16 9 billion MXN Reconstruction and urban renewal ensued Recently the Nuevo Leon Development Plan 2030 was presented along with some other metropolitan projects citation needed In August 2011 the city was the scene of a terror attack on a casino in which more than 50 people were killed 21 In summer 2022 the area experienced a severe drought and city water service was cut off for several weeks to some areas and in others limited to six hours a day 22 The city has three reservoirs Cerro Prieto Reservoir dropped to 1 of its capacity and La Boca Reservoir dropped to 8 23 El Cuchillo Reservoir remained at 30 but limited aqueduct capacity led the government to announce in September 2022 a second aqueduct to connect it to Monterrey with expected completion in July 2023 23 Heavy rains replenished reservoirs in early September 23 Controversy erupted over local bottling companies continuing to use well water to export beer and soft drinks during the crisis though industry uses only 4 of water in Nuevo Leon while residents use 25 and agriculture uses 71 23 In late September the governor of Nuevo Leon declared the crisis over but asked residents to voluntarily use no more than 100 liters per day 24 Further information Water scarcity in MexicoGeography Edit Monterrey seen form a Cerro de la Silla antenna The mountain to the left in the background is Cerro de las Mitras that on the right is Cerro del Topo Chico City of Monterrey from the ISS 2017 The city of Monterrey is 540 metres 1 770 ft above sea level in the northeastern state of Nuevo Leon 25 Monterrey translated from Spanish to English is King Mount or King mountain which refers to the city s topography and the large mountains that surround it The Santa Catarina River dry most of the year on the surface but with flowing underground water bisects Monterrey from east to west separating the city into north and south halves and drains the city to the San Juan River and Rio Grande Monterrey is adjacent to San Nicolas de los Garza Garcia and General Escobedo to the north Guadalupe Juarez and Cadereyta Jimenez to the east Santiago to the south and San Pedro Garza Garcia and Santa Catarina to the west Their combined metropolitan population is over 4 080 329 people 26 Monterrey lies north of the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range A small hill the Cerro del Topo and the smaller Topo Chico are in the suburbs of San Nicolas de los Garza and Escobedo West of the city rises the Cerro de las Mitras Mountain of the Mitres which resemble the profile of several bishops with their mitres Cerro de la Silla Saddle Mountain dominates the view at the east of the city and is considered a major symbol of the city Cerro de la Loma Larga South of the Santa Catarina river separates Monterrey from the suburb of San Pedro Garza Garcia At the summit of the Cerro del Obispado north of the river is the historic Bishopric Palace site of one of the most important battles of the Mexican American War Natural areas Edit Cerro de la Silla The mountains surrounding Monterrey contain many canyons trails and roads that cross deserts and forests and suitable trails are available to the general public The Sierra Madre Oriental mountains south of the city are included in the Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey National Park which was added to UNESCO s Man and the Biosphere MAB Program of Biosphere Reserves in 2006 27 Cumbres de Monterrey includes Parque Ecologico Chipinque 28 which contains forested areas oak and oak pine mainly 29 30 31 La Estanzuela state park about 7 km 4 mi south of Monterrey a river and forested area 32 La Huasteca west of the city in the municipality of Santa Catarina El Potrero Chico Climbing Area north east of the city in the municipality of Hidalgo Garcia Caves these caves are situated in Garcia Nuevo Leon and were discovered in 1843 Inside you can see amazing stalagmites formations and snail fossils 33 Matacanes can be found in the municipality of Potrero Redondo in Santiago Nuevo Leon It is a 10 hrs walking tour in which you can find rappel descents underground rivers waterfalls among other obstacles 34 Hydrophobia Canyon similar to Matacanes with the only difference this is a 100 aquatic area 35 Cascade Cola de Caballo a spectacular waterfall in Santiago Nuevo Leon formed by water that runs down from the mountains of nearby Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey impressive rock formations and sprawling forests Climate Edit Intense cloud layer over Monterrey Monterrey has a semi arid climate Koppen climate classification BSh Being inland at a modest elevation it is one of the warmest major cities in Mexico 36 Summers are generally hot spring and fall temperate and winters mild with temperatures rarely below freezing 37 The average high in August is 35 C 95 F and the average low is 23 C 73 F The average January high is 21 C 70 F and the average low in January is 8 C 46 F Rainfall is scarce in winter but more frequent during May through September Monterrey frequently experiences extreme weather changes for example it sometimes reaches 30 C 86 F in January and February the coldest months The most extreme weather changes in summer occur with rainfall which can reduce temperatures significantly and the temporary absence of the northern winds in winter which can lead to abnormally high temperatures Seasons are not well defined the warm season may start in February and may last until September In April and May 2011 temperatures reached 45 C 113 F or higher causing fires and extreme heat Snow is a very rare event although an accumulation of 50 cm 20 inches in 8 hours occurred in January 1967 38 The most recent snowfall was in February 2021 Sleet and ice events occurred in January 2007 December 2009 January and February 2010 and February 2011 39 caused by temperatures around 5 C 23 F From June 30 to July 2 2010 Monterrey was hit by the worst natural disaster in the city s history when Hurricane Alex delivered more than 584 millimetres 23 in of rain in 72 hours with areas reaching up to 1 metre 39 in of rain during that same period destroying homes avenues highways and infrastructure and leaving up to 200 000 families without water for a week or more The amount of water that fell was equivalent to the average precipitation for a year This was about 3 4 times as much rain as Hurricane Gilbert produced in the city on September 15 1988 The death toll of Hurricane Alex was estimated to be around 20 Climate data for Monterrey 1951 2010 extremes 1929 2000 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 38 0 100 4 39 5 103 1 43 0 109 4 48 0 118 4 46 0 114 8 45 0 113 0 41 5 106 7 42 5 108 5 41 0 105 8 39 0 102 2 39 0 102 2 39 0 102 2 48 0 118 4 Average high C F 20 7 69 3 23 2 73 8 26 9 80 4 30 0 86 0 32 2 90 0 33 8 92 8 34 8 94 6 34 5 94 1 31 5 88 7 27 6 81 7 24 1 75 4 21 2 70 2 28 4 83 1 Daily mean C F 14 4 57 9 16 6 61 9 20 0 68 0 23 4 74 1 26 2 79 2 27 9 82 2 28 6 83 5 28 5 83 3 26 2 79 2 22 4 72 3 18 4 65 1 15 1 59 2 22 3 72 1 Average low C F 8 2 46 8 10 0 50 0 13 2 55 8 16 7 62 1 20 2 68 4 22 0 71 6 22 3 72 1 22 5 72 5 20 9 69 6 17 2 63 0 12 7 54 9 9 1 48 4 16 3 61 3 Record low C F 7 0 19 4 7 0 19 4 1 0 30 2 5 0 41 0 8 0 46 4 11 5 52 7 11 0 51 8 12 2 54 0 10 0 50 0 2 0 35 6 5 0 23 0 7 5 18 5 7 5 18 5 Average precipitation mm inches 16 6 0 65 16 5 0 65 19 9 0 78 29 7 1 17 52 3 2 06 68 4 2 69 43 0 1 69 81 6 3 21 150 6 5 93 75 1 2 96 23 0 0 91 14 1 0 56 590 8 23 26 Average precipitation days 0 1 mm 4 2 3 8 3 4 4 5 5 7 5 6 3 9 6 4 8 2 6 5 4 1 3 4 59 7Average snowy days 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03Average relative humidity 67 3 64 7 61 6 62 1 66 3 66 0 64 3 64 5 71 2 72 0 69 0 68 7 66 5Mean monthly sunshine hours 151 7 156 1 193 6 190 5 204 8 212 3 235 3 245 6 188 2 174 3 167 1 140 3 2 259 6Source 1 Servicio Meteorologico Nacional 40 41 World Meteorological Organization relative humidity and sun 1981 2010 42 Source 2 Colegio de Postgraduados snowy days 1951 1980 43 Demographics Edit Monterrey metropolitan area at night from ISS According to the national INEGI population census of 2010 of the total population of the state of Nuevo Leon 87 3 lived in the Monterrey metropolitan area 44 45 46 47 48 The Monterrey metropolitan area is the second most populous in Mexico with more than 5 million It comprises the municipalities of Monterrey Apodaca Escobedo Garcia Guadalupe Santiago Juarez San Nicolas de los Garza San Pedro Garza Garcia Santa Catarina and Salinas Victoria 49 Education Edit Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education Monterrey has an estimated 3 7 rate of illiteracy In 2005 of an estimated 983 359 inhabitants above 6 years of age 36 689 were illiterate 50 In 2005 the city had 72 public libraries with 298 207 books available serving an estimated 478 047 readers 50 The Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon UANL is the third largest Mexican university and is ranked by the Reader s Digest AC Nielsen Survey 2005 as the top public university in northeast Mexico 51 Its main campus Ciudad Universitaria University City covers approximately 67 630 000 square metres 17 000 acres 52 The UANL system comprises 26 colleges faculties 22 graduate divisions 24 high schools 1 center of bilingual education and 3 technical high schools Its medical school is considered one of the most advanced in Latin America 53 Monterrey is also the headquarters of the Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Studies 54 which ranked 291 at the 2013 QS World University Rankings in Engineering and Information Technology 201 in Social Sciences and 279 overall 55 It also holds a QS Stars Rated for Excellence of 5 stars The Universidad Regiomontana 56 was founded in 1969 with the support of local leading multinational corporations such as Cemex 57 Alfa 58 Femsa 59 Gamesa 60 Protexa 61 and CYDSA 62 It is a private educational institution offering university preparatory school undergraduate and graduate programs It has agreements with more than 350 universities across the globe such as the recent expanded agreement 63 with Texas A amp M International University 64 It is member of GATE Global Alliance for Transnational Education and FIMPES Federacion de Instituciones Mexicanas Particulares de Educacion Superior and its administration holds an ISO 9001 Certification The university is nationally recognized so its degree equivalency is comparable to that of a regionally accredited university in the United States The university is dedicated to educating students in an atmosphere of freedom and humanism and providing students hands on experience in their field of study Its urban campus 65 further stimulates the city s vibrant economy and attracts working professionals who complement and enrich the academic experience The Universidad de Monterrey was founded by the religious congregations of the Sisters of Immaculate Mary of Guadalupe the nuns of the Sacred Heart and the Marist and La Salle brothers all of them supported by an association of Catholic citizens 66 Health Edit Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences building of the Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon Monterrey generally has a very highly ranked medical infrastructure with some internationally acclaimed hospitals 67 including three with Joint Commission accreditation 68 The Joint Commission is a private healthcare accreditation group There are both public and private hospitals The Mexican Social Security Institute IMSS has two major regional hospitals in the city the Specialties Regional Hospital 33 the cardiac centre Hospital 34 and the Gynecology and Obstetrics Regional Hospital serving also the northeastern states of Coahuila and Tamaulipas Several smaller IMSS hospitals can be found such as the Traumatology and Orthopedics Hospital and the General Hospital 25 State government owns the Metropolitan Hospital located in the suburb of San Nicolas de los Garza and the Hospital of the Children and Mother Care in Guadalupe suburb The Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon runs the public University Hospital with a high level shock trauma unit and a specialized clinic for child cancer treatment It is recognized as the best public hospital in the northeast of Mexico and the UANL School of Medicine as one of the best in the country On the other hand the Tecnologico de Monterrey runs the Hospital San Jose Tec de Monterrey private hospital Monterrey has healthcare standards above the average for Mexico 69 It has several hospitals including Hospital Cima formerly Santa Engracia of the International Hospital Corporation Its convenient location low prices and quality of medical care have made of Monterrey a very popular medical tourism destination for United States patients 70 71 Governance EditMain article Politics and government of Nuevo Leon Palacio Municipal de Monterrey Monterrey City Hall The Palace of Government of Nuevo Leon Governor s Office Monterrey and its metropolitan area are municipalities governed by a democratically elected Presidente Municipal Municipal President or mayor for a period of three years The political environment is one of civility and in the last decade political parties have been alternating office The current mayor of Monterrey is Luis Donaldo Colosio Riojas citation needed The City Council of Monterrey Cabildo de Monterrey is an organ integrated by the mayor the Regidores and the Sindicos The mayor is the executor of the determinations of the City Council and the person directly in charge of public municipal administration The Regidores represent the community and collectively define city policies The Sindicos are in charge of watching and legally defending city interests as well as of monitoring the treasury and the municipal patrimony 72 The political parties with representation in the city are the Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI the National Action Party or PAN the Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD the Labor Party or PT the Green Party Citizens Movement Socialdemocratic Party and Nueva Alianza Public safety Edit Main article Mexican Drug War In 2005 Monterrey was ranked one of the safest cities in Mexico 73 and one of the two safest in 2006 But since 2008 it has experienced violence related to turf battles between warring drug cartels The year 2011 was the most violent in history Drug dealers are a major concern although military offensives and police captures of important drug cartel chiefs have weakened cartels trying to settle in the city The city is safe to travel by day and night 74 75 76 In 2019 cartels were still fighting for control of the city potentially making Monterrey dangerous 77 There are two police departments in the city the Police of the City of Monterrey locally known as the Policia Regia 78 dependent on the municipal government and the State Public Safety 79 The Policia Regia protects the city s downtown and main areas while the State Public Safety is in charge of remoter areas Since the 2011 attack on the Casino Royale security has been reinforced by military and federal police 80 Infrastructure EditTransportation Edit Loma Larga Tunnel Monterrey Metro General Anaya station Monterrey is connected with the United States Mexico border the sea and inland Mexico through different roads including the Carretera Nacional also known as the Panamerican Highway that runs from Nuevo Laredo to Mexico City and south and the Carretera Interoceanica connecting Matamoros with the port of Mazatlan on the Pacific it is also crossed by highways 40 45 57 The divided highway Monterrey Saltillo Matehuala Mexico City is the main land corridor to interior Mexico There are several between cities bus lines at the bus station downtown There are arrivals and departures into deeper Mexico to the U S border and into the United States Monterrey is also connected by at least three important railroad freight lines Nuevo Laredo Mexico City Monterrey Tampico and Monterrey Pacific Mazatlan The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Monterrey for example to and from work on a weekday is 85 min 25 of public transit riders ride for more than 2 hours every day The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 17 min while 29 of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 9 5 km while 25 travel for over 12 km in a single direction 81 The city has a rapid transit system called Metrorrey which currently has 2 lines 82 83 and a BRT called Ecovia The city is served by two international airports General Mariano Escobedo International Airport served by major international carriers and moving more than 6 5 million passengers in 2007 84 and Del Norte International Airport a primarily private airport Monterrey is linked through frequent non stop flights to many Mexican cities and to key United States hubs Atlanta Chicago O Hare Dallas Fort Worth Detroit Houston Intercontinental JFK New York and Las Vegas Monterrey is the second most important city for the operating routes of Aeromexico 85 Four airlines have their operational bases and headquarters in Monterrey Volaris Aeromexico Connect VivaAerobus and Magnicharters Regarding ground transportation from Monterrey International Airport taxi services link the airport with the city and charge around US 20 for a one way ride to the city From this airport there is a bus shuttle to nearby Saltillo Inter city bus services run daily into the interior as well as north to the US border and points beyond A public transportation bus line operated by the Nuevo Leon State Government called the Ruta Express Express Route also operates from the airport to the Line 1 Y Griega Metro Station 86 Water Edit This section is an excerpt from Urban water management in Monterrey Mexico edit Beginning early in the 20th century Monterrey Mexico began a successful economic metamorphosis and growth pattern that remains an exception in Mexico This all began with increased investments in irrigation that fueled a boom in agriculture and ranching for this northern Mexican city The economic growth has fueled income disparity for the 3 86 million residents who live in the Monterrey Metro area MMA In addition the rapid urbanization has taken a large toll on the water resources In addressing many of this challenges the city of Monterrey has become a model for sound and effective Integrated urban water management The challenges that Monterrey has confronted pertain to scarcity of surface water resources poor water quality due to untreated industrial effluents political cycles and term limits which can limit long term vision and water disputes between urban and agricultural users Monterrey has good groundwater well fields that supply about 40 of the water demand for the city and generally are not over exploited because of good connections to high yield aquifer systems in the central parts of the Curvatura de Monterrey These wells are managed as storage reserves that can be used in time of drought which is quite common in this region of Mexico 87 Also unique to Monterrey is an arrangement made between farmers and the municipality whereby the farmers grant the use of their water rights from the nearby Cuchillo reservoir and the municipal water utility SADM Servicios de Agua y Drenaje de Monterrey returns urban used and treated water to farmers for irrigation 88 This arrangement has benefited both parties since SADM supplements its water supply with high quality but internmitent supply from the Cuchillo reservoir and farmers receive a consistent and full of nutrients water for irrigation The longer term outlook for the area is for urbanization to continue and water availability to decrease therefore new water management strategies will have to be created Economy EditSee also Category Companies based in Monterrey Monterrey is a major industrial center in northern Mexico with a GDP PPP of US 140 billion and a GDP PPP per capita of US 31 900 in 2015 7 The city was rated by Fortune magazine in 1999 as the best city in Latin America for business and is currently ranked third best by the America Economia magazine 89 The city has prominent positions in sectors such as steel cement glass auto parts and brewing The city s economic wealth has been attributed in part to its proximity to the United States Mexico border and economic links to the United States 89 90 Industrialization was accelerated in the mid 19th century by the Compania Fundidora de Fierro y Acero Monterrey a steel processing company 91 Today Monterrey is home to transnational conglomerates such as Cemex the world s third largest cement company 92 FEMSA Coca Cola Latin America largest independent Coca Cola bottler in the world Alfa petrochemicals food telecommunications and auto parts Axtel telecommunications Vitro glass Selther leading mattress and rest systems firm in Latin America Gruma food and Banorte financial services The FEMSA corporation owned a large brewery the Cuauhtemoc Moctezuma Brewery Cerveceria Cuauhtemoc Moctezuma that produces the brands Sol Tecate Indio Dos Equis and Carta Blanca among others in the beginning of the year Cuauhtemoc Moctezuma Brewery was sold to Dutch based company Heineken By the end of the same year there were more than 13 000 manufacturing companies 55 000 retail stores and more than 52 000 service firms in Monterrey 93 The metals sector dominated by iron and steel accounted for 6 percent of manufacturing GNP in 1994 94 Mexico s steel industry is centered in Monterrey where the country s first steel mills opened in 1903 Steel processing plants in Monterrey privatized in 1986 accounted for about half of Mexico s total steel output in the early 1990s 94 Monterrey was ranked 94th worldwide and fifth in Latin America in terms of Quality of Life according to Mercer Human Resource Consulting 2006 95 and was ranked second in 2005 and fourth in 2006 according to America Economia Some of the shopping malls in the city include Paseo San Pedro Paseo La Fe Plaza Fiesta San Agustin Galerias Monterrey and Galerias Valle Oriente which distribute goods and services to the Mexican population Panoramic image of MonterreyCulture EditThe 2007 Universal Forum of Cultures was an international cultural event held in Monterrey from September 20 to December 8 2007 96 Cuisine Edit Cabrito kid goat is Monterrey s most popular traditional dish The most traditional dish from Monterrey is cabrito 97 kid goat cooked on embers Other local dishes and customs that perhaps date back to the Crypto Judaism of Monterrey s founding families are the semita bread without leavening the capirotada dessert a mix of cooked bread cheese raisins peanuts and crystallized sugarcane juice and the relative absence of pork dishes Another famous local dish is machacado con huevo Carne asada on weekends remains a tradition among Monterrey families It is usually served with grilled onions baked potatoes and sausages or chopped as tacos Locally brewed beer and cola are an almost mandatory part of the weekly ritual Glorias and obleas made from goat milk are both traditional Nuevo Leon desserts Monterrey has a wide gastronomic variety due to its climate geography climate texture a mixture of ethnics groups and their influences a series of unique dishes have been created through more than 400 years of history citation needed Contemporary music Edit See also Category Musical groups from Monterrey Since the 1960s Monterrey has been known for Norteno music Bands like Ramon Ayala Pesado Duelo and other Mexican regional bands perform at the clubs Monterrey has witnessed the birth of several bands that have become internationally acclaimed Their genres vary considerably Bands include Plastilina Mosh Control Machete Kinky El Gran Silencio Celso Pina Jumbo Division Minuscula Genitallica 3Ball MTY The Warning GAMA Los Claxons The song Los Oxidados by Plastilina Mosh opened the 2005 movie Mr amp Mrs Smith Landmarks Edit Seat of LABNL Lab Cultural Ciudadano The Macroplaza the 8th largest city square in the world Ex Bishop of Monterrey Palace in Bishop Slope Santa Lucia artificial river over Fundidora Park The Santa Lucia artificial river built between 1996 and 2007 It currently joins the Macroplaza with the Fundidora Park The Cerro de la Silla Saddle Mountain The Macroplaza the 8th largest city square int the world is the cultural and administrative heart of the city featuring remarkable monuments green areas and buildings Faro del Comercio Lighthouse of Commerce another trademark of the city This monument beams a green laser around the city at night Barrio Antiguo lit Old neighborhood or old town is the historical urban center of the city of Monterrey There are preserved houses from the 17th 18th and 19th centuries Nowadays bars cafes art galleries and restaurants can be found there In November of every year the Festival Cultural Barrio Antiguo takes place with national and international artists and performers In recent years this festival has been replaced with the Festival Internacional de Santa Lucia which now takes place in September The Museum of Modern Art is a post modern Mexican architecture designed by Ricardo Legorreta with the objective of creating different ambiances for artists and visitors from all around the world Monterrey s Inukshuk is one of only a handful of authentic examples to be found outside Canada of these stone monuments from the high Arctic The sculpture was created in situ by the renowned Inuit artist Bill Nasogaluak in 2007 and was a gift to the state of Nuevo Leon from the Canadian Chamber of Commerce and the Government of Canada Fundidora Park is a large urban park that contains old foundry buildings 120 hectares of natural ambiance artificial lakes playgrounds alternative cinema Cineteca museum Photo Collection the State Plastic Arts Collection Exhibits and Spaces hotel auditorium and convention center Puente de la Unidad sometimes called Puente Atirantado is a suspension bridge that crosses the Santa Catarina River and joins San Pedro Garza Garcia with Monterrey The Alfa Planetarium is the first IMAX dome built in Latin America and fourth in the world The Government Palace of Nuevo Leon is a pink marble of Neoclassical architecture where the governor s office is located El Cerro del Obispado Bishopric Hill which includes a public scenic lookout called Mirador del Obispado a Monumental flag and the museum inside the Palacio del Obispado the Bishopric Palace ITESM ITESM has two distinctive buildings CEDES which houses the administration of the ITESM nationwide system and the CETEC which houses the main computer classroom and other offices Cuauhtemoc Moctezuma Brewery Cerveceria Cuauhtemoc Moctezuma with its 19th century buildings and where the national Baseball Hall of Fame Salon de la Fama is located The Cola de Caballo Horse Tail waterfall on the mountains near the towns of Santiago and El Cercado about 35 km 22 mi south On the way to the Cola de Caballo waterfall Carretera Nacional going to Ciudad Victoria Tamaulipas in Santiago the Presa Rodrigo Gomez or La Boca La Boca Dam 98 99 lays nested between green hills The Museum of Mexican History 100 is the most representative and visited museum of the North of the Republic fulfilling its purpose of spreading the historical content of the Mexican cultural heritage LABNL Lab Cultural Ciudadano is a citizen laboratory located in the center of the city This public space of collective creation develops projects for the common benefit of local communities Media Edit Monterrey is an important producer and broadcaster of media and entertainment in Mexico Grupo Multimedios operates 4 television channels in the city one of them also broadcasting to the Mexican states of Coahuila Tamaulipas Veracruz Chihuahua and Guanajuato and several cities within the United States National broadcasting networks Televisa and Azteca have local stations for all of their major channels along with the non commercial broadcasters such as Once and Canal 22 networks The state of Nuevo Leon and UANL also maintain television stations Grupo Reforma one of the most widely read newsources in Mexico originated in the city with the newspaper El Norte Milenio Diario de Monterrey published by Grupo Multimedios is another newspaper of high distribution daily printing local editions in the most important Mexican cities Other local newspapers include El Porvenir El Horizonte and ABC Northern Mexico s weekly business newspaper Biznews is also headquartered in Monterrey Monterrey also has several radio stations broadcasting news music entertainment and culture for the city The main radio broadcasting groups are Multimedios Radio Grupo Radio Alegria and Nucleo Radio Monterrey Sports Edit The city hosted 8 matches during the 1986 FIFA World Cup 101 The city will host matches during the 2026 FIFA World Cup 102 The FINA World Junior Swimming Championships were held in Monterrey in the summer of 2008 at the University of Nuevo Leon UANL 103 after the completion of a world class and FINA approved Aquatic Center Also the city wanted to bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics 104 but the Mexican Olympic Committee refused to support it 105 Backed by a young people s movement students of the universities of Monterrey formed the Monterrey 2014 Foundation with the purpose of hosting the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics In 2009 the Mexican Olympic Committee gave the bid to Guadalajara which later on withdrew the bid late January 2010 106 Monterrey was bidding for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics 107 108 Again in February 2012 the Mexican Olympic Committee chose Guadalajara as a candidate for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics 109 but was eliminated by the International Olympic Committee to advance to the final round 110 Since then the Foundation Monterrey Olympic City A C the new name of this group of young citizens 111 are working on a project bid for the 2023 Summer Youth Olympics 112 and then apply for the 2028 Summer Olympics Estadio BBVA Monterrey has two football teams in the Mexican league The C F Monterrey commonly known as the Rayados del Monterrey uses the Estadio BBVA Bancomer a facility sponsored by BBVA Bancomer and other important businesses The Tigres UANL owned by CEMEX 113 host matches at Estadio Universitario on the main campus of the UANL Both teams are related to the city on the derby called Clasico Regiomontano During the match most of the city watches in bars clubs and family homes It was proposed to build a stadium for both teams the Estadio Internacional Monterrey 114 but both teams rejected the idea The project is still being promoted but the UANL Tigres have yet to finish their stadium contract and the Rayados just inaugurated a new stadium of their own Club de Futbol Monterrey recently opened a new stadium with a capacity of 50 000 It was scheduled to be finished by 2014 named Estadio de Futbol Monterrey but was inaugurated on August 2 2015 in a match with Benfica FC Rayados won 3 0 Before the inauguration the name was changed to Estadio BBVA Bancomer It will remain the club s property for 50 years before becoming government property 115 In addition two professional indoor soccer teams were hosted in the past the Monterrey La Raza members of the Continental Indoor Soccer League and World Indoor Soccer League and the Monterrey Fury members of the Major Indoor Soccer League The city was awarded another franchise to begin play in the fall of 2007 in the MISL Estadio de Beisbol Monterrey Baseball has a long history in the city where it became the most popular sport during the early 20th century Monterrey has been champion of the Little League World Series three times 1957 1958 and 1997 and has been host of Major League Baseball games The Sultanes de Monterrey are a Mexican League baseball team in the Northern Division They have won the national title several times The team was formed May 20 1939 as Carta Blanca a local beer brand owned by Cuauhtemoc Moctezuma Brewery which owned the team The team was also known as the gray ghosts Soon they became one of the most important teams in the league winning its first championship in 1943 The Sultanes play in the Estadio de Beisbol Monterrey the largest baseball stadium in Mexico citation needed In 2003 the city unsuccessfully attempted to buy and relocate to Monterrey the Montreal Expos franchise of Major League Baseball There are two professional basketball teams Fuerza Regia that plays in the national league Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional and the Monterrey Venom that plays in the minor league American Basketball Association Fuerza Regia used to play at the Monterrey Arena and now is doing this at Gimnasio Nuevo Leon while the Monterrey Poison plays at the gymnasium of the ITESM The city has hosted the Champ Car race in Fundidora Park from 2001 to 2005 and hosted the A1 Grand Prix of Nations in February 2006 In 2004 Monterrey hosted the World Karate Federation Senior World Championships In April 2004 Monterrey s Arena Monterrey became the first city to host WWE in Mexico In 2007 Monterrey hosted the Women s WTBA World Tenpin Bowling Championships The city has two college American football teams the Autenticos Tigres UANL and the Borregos Salvajes ITESM that play in the National College League ONEFA There is also a local children s league called AFAIM People can also find golf fishing camping and extreme sports outdoors near the city bungee jumping at Cola de Caballo rock climbing hiking mountain bike In particular there is international level rock climbing places like la Huasteca Potrero Chico and many other canyons Starting 2009 the Monterrey Open has been held at Monterrey It is a professional women s tennis tournament affiliated with the Women s Tennis Association WTA and is part of the International tournaments on the WTA Tour The Monterrey Open was also a golf tournament on the U S based second tier professional Nike Tour later named the Nationwide Tour and the Korn Ferry Tour from 1993 to 2001 It was played at the Club Campestre in San Pedro Garza Garcia a suburb of Monterrey In 2010 Monterrey hosted the International Ice Hockey Federation World U18 Championship at the Monterrey Ice Complex Centauros Rugby Club Monterrey was founded in 2010 and is affiliated with the FMRU Federacion Mexicana de Rugby Twin towns sister cities EditSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Mexico Monterrey is twinned with 116 117 118 119 120 121 Barcelona Spain 1992 Bethlehem Palestine 1999 Bilbao Spain 1993 Cape Town South Africa 2016 Concepcion Chile 1997 Dallas United States 1992 Guatemala City Guatemala 1998 Hamilton Canada 1993 Iași Romania 1993 McAllen United States 1999 Medellin Colombia 1996 Monterrei Spain 1999 Olongapo Philippines 1993 Orlando United States 2002 Rosario Argentina 1993 San Antonio United States 1953 San Salvador El Salvador 1996 Shenyang China 2015 Surabaya Indonesia 2001 See also Edit Mexico portalList of tallest buildings in MonterreyReferences Edit World Urban Areas PDF Demographia 2018 Archived from the original PDF on October 13 2016 Retrieved March 19 2019 Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey es la segunda mas poblada de Mexico Inegi 2021 Archived from the original on February 25 2021 Retrieved May 18 2021 Delimitacion de las zonas metropolitanas de Mexico 2015 gob mx in Spanish Consejo Nacional de Poblacion Retrieved March 19 2019 a b c Ubicacion Geografica Gobierno del Estado de Nuevo Leon Archived 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Olympics insidethegames biz Olympic Paralympic and Commonwealth Games News insidethegames biz April 26 2011 Archived from the original on December 24 2013 Retrieved November 17 2012 MONTERREY 2014 Ciudad Aspirante a los Juegos Olimpicos de la Juventud Monterrey2014 blogspot com February 28 2004 Archived from the original on January 11 2014 Retrieved November 17 2012 Guadalajara chosen over Monterrey for 2018 Youth Olympic Games arountherings com Archived from the original on November 12 2013 Retrieved February 17 2012 IOC shortlists three Candidate Cities for 2018 Summer Youth Olympic Games fivb org Archived from the original on November 12 2013 Retrieved February 13 2013 Fundacion Monterrey Ciudad Olimpica AC ciudadolimpica org mx Archived from the original on May 20 2013 Retrieved November 11 2013 Monterrey 2023 Summer Youth Olympic Games ciudadolimpica org mx Retrieved January 30 2016 Cemex Hard Times May Get Tougher If Soccer Team Falls to Minors Bloomberg May 8 2009 Retrieved July 3 2009 Official Site Estadiointernacionalmonterrey com Archived from the original on February 7 2009 Retrieved April 17 2011 Rayados Stadium Acuerdos interinstitucionales registrados por dependencias y municipios de Nuevo Leon sre gob mx in Spanish Secretaria de relaciones exteriores Retrieved June 6 2020 Monterrey ajuntament barcelona cat in Catalan Barcelona Archived from the original on June 9 2020 Retrieved June 6 2020 Las nueve ciudades con las que esta hermanada Bilbao bilbaohiria com in Spanish Bilbao Hiria September 11 2018 Archived from the original on December 31 2019 Retrieved June 6 2020 Relaciones bilaterales rosario gob ar in Spanish Rosario April 26 2019 Retrieved June 6 2020 Monterrey bethlehem city org Bethlehem Retrieved June 6 2020 Sister Cities sanantonio gov City of San Antonio Retrieved June 6 2020 Further reading EditMichael Snodgrass Deference and Defiance in Monterrey Workers Paternalism and Revolution in Mexico 1890 1950 Cambridge University Press 2003 ISBN 978 0 521 81189 7 External links EditMonterrey at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel information from Wikivoyage Resources from Wikiversity Coordinates 25 40 N 100 18 W 25 667 N 100 300 W 25 667 100 300 Government of the City of Monterrey Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Monterrey amp oldid 1131374515, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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