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Vijayawada

February 08, 2023

Vijayawada, formerly known as Bezawada,[7][8] is the second largest city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh[9] and is a part of the state's Capital Region. It is the administrative headquarters of the NTR district. Its metropolitan region comprises NTR and parts of Krishna and Guntur districts.Vijayawada lies on the banks of Krishna river surrounded by the hills of Eastern Ghats, known as Indrakeeladri Hills.[10] It geographically lies on the center spot of Andhra Pradesh.[11] The city has been described as the commercial, political, cultural and educational capital of Andhra Pradesh[11] It is the second largest city in Andhra Pradesh with a population of 1,723,000 [12] in 2021, estimated population of 1,991,189[13] in the Vijayawada Metropolitan Area. It is one of the fastest growing urban areas in India [14] and among the top 10 fastest growing cities in the world according to Oxford Economics report.[15]

Vijayawada
Bezawada
Metropolis
Clockwise from top: Medha IT Park Tower, Mid Valley City, Kondapalli Khilla, Bhavani Island, HCL Company, and Prakasam Barrage
Etymology: The Place of Victory
Nickname: 
City of Victory
Vijayawada
Location in Andhra Pradesh
Vijayawada
Location in India
Coordinates: 16°31′09″N 80°37′50″E / 16.5193°N 80.6305°E / 16.5193; 80.6305Coordinates: 16°31′09″N 80°37′50″E / 16.5193°N 80.6305°E / 16.5193; 80.6305
Country India
StateAndhra Pradesh
District(s)NTR
Krishna
Guntur
Incorporated (Municipality)1 April 1888
Incorporated (Corporation)1981
Government
[2]
 • TypeMayor–Council
 • BodyVijayawada Municipal Corporation, APCRDA
 • MayorRayana Bhagya Lakshmi (YSRCP)
Area
[3]
 • Metropolis181 km2 (70 sq mi)
 • Metro
[5]
230 km2 (90 sq mi)
Elevation
11 m (36 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Metropolis1,021,806[1]
 • Estimate 
(2015)
1,723,000
 • Rank2nd (in Andhra Pradesh)
42nd (in India)
 • Density17,000/km2 (40,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,476,931[4]
DemonymVijayawadian
Literacy
 • Literates789,038
 • Literacy rate82.59%
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
PIN
520001[6]
Area code+91–866
Vehicle registrationAP 16

Vijayawada is considered to be a sacred place for residing one of the most visited and famous temples of Andhra Pradesh and India, Kanaka Durga Temple of Hindu Goddess Durga residing on the hill named Indrakeeladri.[16] It also serves as the ritual host of Pushkaram (a river worshipping ritual in India) of River Krishna.[citation needed] There is a legend which says that Arjuna, one of the heroes of the Indian epic Mahabharata, prayed on top of the Indrakeeladri Hill in the city and won the blessings of Lord Shiva to get the Pashupatastra to win the Kurukshetra War.[11] It was called Vijayavatika (meaning Land of Victory in Telugu) when Goddess Durga killed the demon Mahishasura and rested on the Indrakeeladri Hill by the River Krishna establishing the victory over evil hence the place got its name Vijayavatika, "Vijaya" meaning victory, and "Vatika" meaning place or land in Telugu.[17] Over the years Vijayavatika name changed to Rajendra Chola Pura during Chola Dynasty and Bezawada during British rule and eventually to Vijayawada.[18]

The city is also the third most densely populated urban built-up areas in the world.[19] and is classified as a Y-grade city by the Sixth Central Pay Commission.[20] The city is the second most populous in the state with a population of more than one million.[21] It was recognised as a "Global City of the Future" by McKinsey Quarterly, which expected an increase to GDP of $17 billion by 2025.[22][23] In October 2018, it was awarded with ISO 37120 platinum level certification and has been added to the "Global Cities Registry".[24][25]

Due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions, the city has emerged as a major educational hub in recent times, with many of the nation's students studying in the city. It is predicted to be the world's, and India's, tenth fastest growing city economy through 2035 by an Oxford Economics report.[26] Due to its high ratings in entertainment, construction, food, education, health care, and transport,[27] It is ranked as India's ninth most livable city as per Ease of Living Index 2018, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs[28] and the second most livable city in the state of Andhra Pradesh.[29]

The Vijayawada Junction railway station is one of the busiest in the country.[30] It stands as the tenth busiest railway junctions in the country.

Toponymy

There are many legends behind the origin of the name Vijayawada. It is said that Goddess Durga killed Mahishasura and relaxed at this place. As she was victorious, the place came to be known as Vijayawada (vijaya translates to victory[31] and wada as place, literally meaning The Place of Victory).[32] The hill was called as Indrekeeladri since it was frequently visited by Indra and his affiliates.[33] The epic Mahabharata refers to the Indrakiladri hills as the place where Arjuna secured Pashupatastra from Lord Shiva. One of the names of Arjuna is "Vijaya" (invincible). Thus city thereafter came to be known as Vijayavatika ('Vatika' translates to place in Telugu) and later as Vijayawada.[34]

In some legends, Vijayawada was referred to as Rajendracholapura as Virarajendra Chola won a battle against Chalukyas in 1068 and ruled over this place.[35] A tale behind its acquiring the name Bezawada is that Goddess Krishnaveni (River Krishna) requested Arjuna to make a passage for her to merge into the Bay of Bengal. Hence, Arjuna made a bejjam (hole) through the mountains and the place came to be known as Bejjamwada which later changed to Bezawada.[36][37] Other names of Vijayawada were being Vijayavata,[36] Beejapuram, Kanakaprabha, Kanakapuram, Kanakawada, Jayapuri, Vijayapuri, Phalguna Kshetram and Jananathpura in the twelfth century CE.[38]

History

See also: Battle of Vijayawada

Bezawada (as Vijayawada was known then) was founded around 626 A.D. by Paricchedi Kings. Vijayawada history reveals that Bezawada (Vijayawada) was ruled by King Madhava Varma (one of the kings of Vishnukundina dynasty).[39] Chinese Buddhist scholar Xuanzang stayed a few years in Bezawada (Vijayawada) in around 640 A.D. to copy and study the Abhidhamma Pitaka, the last of the three pitakas (Pali for baskets) constituting the Pali canon, the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism.[40]

Mogalrajapuram hills have five rock-cut temples, built during the fourth–ninth centuries. Some of the caves can be attributed to Vishnukundina dynasty. Akkana Madanna Caves, at the foot of Indrakeeladri Hill, is a monument of national importance.[41]

At the foot of Indrakeeladri hills is the temple of Malleswara. The temple has inscriptions dating back to ninth century AD to 16th century AD by various kings. There are ten pillars and a mutilated slab (recognised as monuments by Archaeological Survey of India) with inscriptions in the Telugu language. Of them, the inscriptions issued by Yudhamalla I and II of Eastern Chalukyas are important.[41]

In the early 16th century, during the reign of Qutb Shahi dynasty (also known as Golconda Sultanate), diamond mines were found near Vijayawada on the banks of Krishna River.[42]

Geography

Vijayawada lies on the banks of Krishna river,[43] covered by hills and canals.[19][44] and at an altitude of 11 m (36 ft) above sea level. Three canals originating from the north side of the Prakasam Barrage reservoir — Eluru, Bandar, and Ryves — flow through the city.[45]

Climate

Vijayawada has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw).[46] The annual mean temperatures range between 23.4–34 °C (74–93 °F); with maximum temperatures often crossing 40 °C (104 °F) in the month of May and the minimum in December and January.[47] The highest maximum temperature ever recorded was 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) in May 2002. May is the hottest and January is the coldest month of the year.[47][48] It receives rainfall from the South-west and North-east monsoons[46] and the average annual rainfall recorded is 977.9 mm (38.50 in).[47]

Climate data for Vijayawada (Vijayawada Airport, located in Gannavaram) 1981–2010, extremes 1950–2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.9
(96.6) 		37.8
(100.0) 		43.3
(109.9) 		44.5
(112.1) 		48.8
(119.8) 		47.6
(117.7) 		41.0
(105.8) 		41.1
(106.0) 		38.6
(101.5) 		38.2
(100.8) 		35.8
(96.4) 		36.7
(98.1) 		48.8
(119.8)
Average high °C (°F) 30.2
(86.4) 		32.9
(91.2) 		35.7
(96.3) 		37.9
(100.2) 		40.0
(104.0) 		37.6
(99.7) 		33.9
(93.0) 		32.8
(91.0) 		33.1
(91.6) 		32.1
(89.8) 		31.2
(88.2) 		30.2
(86.4) 		34.0
(93.2)
Average low °C (°F) 18.6
(65.5) 		20.3
(68.5) 		22.7
(72.9) 		25.4
(77.7) 		27.2
(81.0) 		27.0
(80.6) 		25.4
(77.7) 		25.1
(77.2) 		24.9
(76.8) 		23.7
(74.7) 		21.2
(70.2) 		18.9
(66.0) 		23.4
(74.1)
Record low °C (°F) 11.1
(52.0) 		14.4
(57.9) 		17.0
(62.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.4
(66.9) 		20.2
(68.4) 		21.4
(70.5) 		21.4
(70.5) 		18.2
(64.8) 		17.6
(63.7) 		14.0
(57.2) 		13.0
(55.4) 		11.1
(52.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 7.2
(0.28) 		7.6
(0.30) 		16.9
(0.67) 		16.3
(0.64) 		59.9
(2.36) 		117.2
(4.61) 		194.9
(7.67) 		179.4
(7.06) 		173.5
(6.83) 		144.8
(5.70) 		48.1
(1.89) 		12.1
(0.48) 		977.9
(38.50)
Average rainy days 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8 2.5 6.8 12.1 10.5 8.8 7.7 2.5 0.8 54.5
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 57 54 48 47 45 50 64 69 74 77 67 58 59
Source: India Meteorological Department[49][50]

Demographics

The city is the second most populous in the state and the third most densely populated urban built-up areas in the world, with approximately 31,200 people per square km.[51] As of 2011 Census of India, it had a population of 1,021,806, of which males are 524,918 and females are 523,322 — for a sex ratio of 997 females per 1000 males — higher than the national average of 940 per 1000.[1][52] 92,848 children were in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 47,582 were boys and 45,266 were girls: a ratio of 951 per 1000. The average literacy rate stood at 82.59% (male 86.25%; female 78.94%) with 789,038 literates, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%.[1][53]

Language and religion

Religion in Vijayawada City (2011)[54]
Hinduism
 
 85.16%
Islam
 
 9.12%
Christianity
 
 3.64%
Jainism
 
 0.50%
Other or not stated
 
 1.58%

Languages of Vijayawada (2011)[55]

  Telugu (89.42%)
  Urdu (7.95%)
  Others (2.63%)

The predominant language spoken by the city residents is Telugu.[56] In the 2011 census, the total number of language speakers in the city (including the outgrowths) were 1,143,232. Telugu is spoken by 1,022,376 speakers, followed by 90,876 Urdu. A significant minority speak Hindi, Tamil, Odia, Gujarati, Marathi and Malayalam.[55] In the same census, the total religious population in the city (including the outgrowths) was 1,143,232. It constituted 973,612 Hindus (85.16%), 104,206 Muslims (9.12%), 41,557 Christians (3.64%), 5,722 Jains (0.50%) and 18,135 (1.59%) did not state any religion.[57]

Governance

Main article: Administration of Vijayawada

Civic administration

Vijayawada Municipal Corporation is the civic governing body of the city and was the first ISO 9001 certified urban local body in the country.[58]

It was constituted on 1 April 1888 and was upgraded to selection grade municipality in 1960, and, to the corporation in 1981. The jurisdictional area of the corporation is spread over an area of 230 km2 (89 sq mi) with 64 wards.[59][60] The present Municipal Commissioner of the city is Sri V. Prasanna Venkatesh, IAS[61] and the present Mayor is Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi.[62][63] Vijayawada is the headquarters of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority.[64]

As per the G.O. 104 (dated:23-03-2017), the state government had declared Vijayawada Municipal Corporation and its contiguous areas as a metropolitan area of Vijayawada.[65] Its jurisdiction is spread over an area of 230 km2 (89 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 18 lakhs.[66] The metropolitan area covers Vijayawada municipal corporation and merged villages of Ambapuram, Buddavaram, Done Atkuru, Enikepadu, Ganguru, Gannavaram, Gollapudi,[59] Gudavalli, Jakkampudi, Kanuru, Kesarapalle, Nidamanuru, Nunna, Pathapadu, Penamaluru, Phiryadi Nainavaram, Poranki, Prasadampadu, Ramavarappadu, Tadigadapa, Kankipadu, Vuyyuru, Katuru, Bollapadu, Mudunuru and Yanamalakuduru.[67] The urban agglomeration spread in Guntur district covers Tadepalle Municipality and its outgrowth of Undavalli; Mangalagiri Municipality and its outgrowths of Navuluru and Atmakur.[68]

Utility services

Water supply from the 59 water reservoirs, maintenance of roads, sewerage, underground drainage, environment protection programs, recycling of solid waste and producing power are the services provided by the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation.[69] There has been an underground drainage system in the city since 1967–68. Many green parks are maintained by the corporation to protect the environment such as Raghavaiah park, Rajiv Gandhi Park, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Park, Mahatma Gandhi Park etc.[70] The corporation won many awards and achievements such as National Urban Water Award (2009), Siti e-Governance Project, ISO 9001 certification for Quality Management System.[3]

The Andhra Pradesh State Disaster Response and Fire Services Department with its headquarters in the city[71] is responsible for protecting from fire accidents that occur during summers on the hill slope areas of the city.[72]

Pollution control

The report on solid waste generation in 46 metro cities for the year 2015–16 shows Vijayawada produces 550 tonnes of solid waste per day.[4] Vijayawada is one of the cities to be covered under the Solar/Green Cities scheme launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and is one of the 15 cities in the country listed in Pilot Solar Cities.[73]

In 2007, the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) that operates the city's public transport system introduced less-polluting CNG fueled public transport busses in a drive to reduce the operational cost and protect the environment.[74] In 2019, with the cost of CNG and fleet maintenance on the rise, the APSRTC had begun replacing the CNG run busses with BS4 and BS6 standard diesel-fueled buses.[75] However, APSRTC continues to be committed to alternative fuels for its fleet. It has since added more electric,[76] and biodiesel fueled busses.[77]

Likewise, the city has a large number of CNG fueled auto-rickshaws that support public transportation needs. However, auto-rickshaw operators have frequently suffered disruption in CNG supply and usually endure long queues to refuel.[78][79] In February 2020, Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited launched the sale of electric auto-rickshaws in the city.[80]

Law and order

The Vijayawada City Police has its own Police Commissionerate, which is responsible for an area of 1,211.16 km2 (467.63 sq mi),[81] is headed by a Police Commissioner, who is an IPS officer of Additional Director General of Police rank along with one joint commissioner of police and four Deputy Commissioners of Police who are also IPS officers. The present Police commissioner is Bathini Sreenivasulu.[82]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Vijayawada
 
A view of PVP Mall on M.G. Road

Vijayawada is one of the rapidly growing urban markets of the country.[83] The sectors that contribute to the city economy are construction, education, entertainment, food processing, hospitality, registrations, transport, etc.[84] Based on the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission, it is classified as one of the Y-grade cities of India.[20] According to one study, the GDP of the city in 2010 was $3 billion (Rs. 18,000 crore) and is expected to grow up to $17 billion (Rs. 1,02,000 crore) by 2025.[85] According to another by Oxford the GDP of the city in 2018 was $5.8 billion and is expected to grow up to $21 billion by 2035.[86]

Andhra Cements (1937) was the first cement factory in Andhra Pradesh. Siris Pharmaceuticals was the first pharma company in Andhra Pradesh and was established in 1950.[citation needed]

The city has trading and exporting markets for agriculture and industrial goods.[87] The Nunna Mango Market is one of the largest mango markets in Asia, exporting to major cities in the country.[88] It is also a hub for storage, bottling, and transportation of petroleum products of all major companies like BPCL, HPCL, and IOC.[89]

The city is also attracting many international IT companies. HCL Technologies, Wipro, the Noida-based Indian multinational is constructing its Vijayawada campus in Kesarapalli village, near to Gannavaram. In the first phase, HCL will provide employment to 5,000 students.[90]

There are two major IT parks one at Gannavaram and other in Mangalagiri there are big companies like TechMahindra, HCL, PI Data Center, VSoft, Efftronics, KJ Systems, and EPSoft. The city is also most preferred tier-two city destination for IT/ITES services. There is an APIIC Mega Food Park in Mandavalli near Gannavaram.

The growing population and economy have resulted in rising real estate prices.[91] There is also a cyber security office that is operating by Tech mahindra.And the Wonderla an amusement park is trying to invest around 250 crores rupees to expand its branch in between guntur and vijayawada in 50 acres.

Culture

 
Kondapalli toys, craftwork from a suburb of Vijayawada
 
Night view of Prakasam Barrage

The city is known in the state for its cultural history,[92] whose residents are more often referred to as Vijayawadians.[93] There are many religions, languages, traditions, and festivals.[94][95] Durga Pooja and a special Theppotsavam in Krishna river are important events of the Hindu festival of Dussera in the city, mainly due to the existence of self-manifested Kanaka Durga Temple.[96] Hazarat Bal Mosque is a Muslim shrine housing the holy relic of the Prophet Mohammed.[97] The Gunadala Mary Matha Church is an important shrine for Christians and illuminates during Christmas Eve.[98]

The city corporation organises "Happy Sunday," an event organised on the first Sunday of every month at M.G. Road for promoting activities such as sports, games, cultural events, and yoga.[99] The clothing of the locals includes traditional men wearing dhoti and women wearing saree and salwar kameez. western clothing is also predominant.[100]

Arts, crafts and artefacts

The Vijayawada Art Society promotes Telugu arts.[101] The city hosted Poetic Prism 2015, a multilingual poet's meet on 19 September 2015.[95] All these activities are organised in collaboration with the Cultural Centre of Vijayawada. Kondapalli Toys — which were granted geographical indication in 2007[102] — are handmade by the artisans of Kondapalli, a suburb of Vijayawada.[103] Victoria Jubilee Museum is an archaeological museum in the city, which houses sculptures, paintings, and artefacts of Buddhist and Hindu relics, dating back to the second and third centuries.

Cityscape

Main article: List of visitor attractions in Vijayawada
 
Panorama of Vijayawada

Vijayawada was paired as a sister city of Modesto, California in 1993.[104] The city has old and new town areas. The One Town area of the city is known as old city area, comprising areas such as Islampet, Jendachettu Centre, Kamsalipet, Rajarajeswaripet, Kothapet, Ajith Singh Nagar, and Winchipet.[105] The new city areas include areas such as Autonagar, Benz circle, Chuttugunta, Labbipet, Machavaram Down, Mogalrajapuram, NTR circle, Tikkle Road, Governorpeta, Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road and Suryaraopet.[105][106][107]

 
Vijayawada city from Gandhi hill

Brindavan Colony, Commercial Taxes Colony, Gunadala, Veterinary Colony are some of the residential areas.[106] Bank Colony, Bharati Nagar, Gayatri Nagar, Currency Nagar, Satyanarayana Puram, Gurunanak Colony, APIIC Colony, LIC Colony, Patamata and MG Road are the upscale residential areas.[108][109] The major commercial areas include the stretch of MG Road and from Benz Circle to Ramavarappadu Ring.[106][109] Other commercial centers are Besant Road, Rajagopalachari street, One Town market area covering Kaleswara Rao Market (KR Market), and Vastralatha.[110][111][112]

The city has many landmarks which include, Prakasam Barrage across the Krishna river;[113] Krishnaveni Mandapam (River Museum) depicting the history of Krishna river and a nearby idol of the river known as, Krishnaveni statue; Gandhi Hill, the first Gandhi Memorial in the country, located at an elevation of 500 feet (150 m) on a hill; Bhavani Island, one of the largest river island amidst Krishna river.[citation needed]

Transport

Main article: Transport in Vijayawada

Public transport

The primary modes of intra-city public transport are city buses and auto rickshaws.[114] Apart from these, other means of transport are motorcycles, cycle rickshaws, and bicycles.[114]: 37, 44  The Pandit Nehru Bus Station and the Vijayawada Junction railway station are the major transport infrastructure for road and rail transport.[115] The Pandit Nehru bus station is the administrative headquarters of APSRTC,[116] which is ranked as the fourth largest and busiest bus terminals in the country.[117] The City Division of APSRTC operates close to 450 buses for an average of 300,000 daily commuting passengers.[118] Autonagar bus terminus and city bus port is used for city bus services.[119][120] The city buses ply in major routes of Besant Road, Eluru Road, MG Road and to the city outskirts of Ibrahimpatnam, Kondapalli, Mangalagiri, Kankipadu, Uyyuru, Gannavaram, Nidamanuru and Nunna.[121] In 2016, APSRTS has discontinued city services on the BRTS corridor due to poor response from the commuters.[122] It was built at a reported cost of ₹150 crore (US$19 million), exclusively to be used by city buses has been.[123]

Road

The two major National Highways, NH-16 (Kolkata–Bhubaneshwar-Visakhapatnam-Vijayawada-Guntur-Nellore-Chennai) and NH-65 (Pune-Hyderabad-Suryapet-Vijayawada-Machilipatnam), provides road connectivity with other states and major cities.[124][125] National Highway 30 from Jagdalpur of Chhattisgarh terminates near the city suburb of Ibrahimpatnam.[125] The Inner Ring Road connects NH-16 and NH-65 to serve the main purpose of easing traffic congestion.[126]

The seamless commuting in the city is supported by the presence of 16 bridges across the three canals of Bandar, Eluru, and Ryves.[127] M. G. Road (Bandar Road) and Eluru Road are the major arterial roads of the city,[128] with as many as 90,000 vehicles plying M. G. Road itself.[129] The city has a total road length of 1,264.24 km (785.56 mi),[130] used by 678,004 non-transport and 94,937 transport vehicles.[131] The heavy vehicles like lorries are used for freight transport and hold a share of 18% in the country.[132] Short distance commuting is served by 27,296 auto rickshaws plying the city roads every day,[131] which include the women-driven 'She Autos' as well.[133] The city has a total road length of 1,264.24 km (785.56 mi), covering 1,230.00 km (764.29 mi) of municipal roads, 22.74 km (14.13 mi) of R&B (Roads & Buildings) department roads, 11.50 km (7.15 mi) of National Highways.[134] Benz Circle is one of the busiest road junctions in the city with an average of 57,000 vehicles crossing daily, The junction has the intersection of two national highways of NH 16 and NH 65.[135]

Rail

 
Vijayawada railway station

Vijayawada Junction railway station was established in the year 1888.[136] It is one of the busiest stations of Indian Railways,[137] the busiest railway station in South India, and is classified as a Non-Suburban Grade-2 (NSG-2) station in Vijayawada railway division.[138] The station is a junction station for the trains from Hyderabad, Chennai Central, Machilipatnam and Visakhapatnam Junction.[139] A train route connecting Vijayawada and Hyderabad was laid in 1889.[citation needed] Suburban rail services are operated from the railway station to the nearby cities of Guntur and Tenali.[140][141] The city houses the headquarters of Vijayawada railway division,[142] one of the three railway divisions of South Coast Railway zone.[143] The station has also a diesel and electric loco sheds which have a capacity of holding 220 locos by both the sheds.[citation needed] The city of Vijayawada has several satellite stations such as Gannavaram, Gunadala, Krishna Canal, Ramavarappadu,[144] Kondapalli, Rayanapadu,[145] Madhura Nagar,[146] and Nidamanuru.[147]

Suburban and high speed rail

A proposed circular train connectivity would connect Vijayawada with neighbouring cities of Eluru, Guntur, Tenali, Mangalagiri and the state capital, Amaravati.[148][149]

Metro rail System

A 66km light transit system is proposed to connect the city with Amaravathi and its surrounding suburbs.The metro project is implemented by a special purpose vehicle named as, Amaravati Metro Rail Corporation.[150] Amaravati Metro Rail Corporation has been renamed as Andhra Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation Ltd after the Managing Director of AMRC suggested that it might be appropriate to change the name AMRC as APMRC so as to implement the Metro Projects in other parts of the State and the ruling government obliged.[151]

Air

The Vijayawada Airport[152] at Gannavaram provides air connectivity to major metropolitan cities of the country.[153] On 3 May 2017, the airport was upgraded from domestic to international. Currently, Air India, Jet Airways and Spice Jet are operating in the Vijayawada Airport.[154] International flights started from 4 December 2018 by Indigo Airlines to Singapore. The international flights to Singapore stopped after 27 June 2019 because the State Government stopped Viability Gap Funding in June 2019.[153] As of June 2019, it registered a domestic passenger movement growth rate of 70.0% with a total of 11 Lakh 92 Thousand Passengers in FY 19.[155] Aircraft movement recorded a growth of 65.0%.[156]

Education

 
NTR University of Health Sciences
 
Administrative office of V.R. Siddhartha Engineering College

The Primary and Secondary School Education is imparted by the Government, Aided and Private Schools, under the State School Education Department.[157][158] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, the city has 133,837 students enrolled in 529 Schools.[159] The state and CBSE syllabus are followed by schools for the Secondary School Certificate.[160][161] The languages of instruction are English, Urdu and Telugu.[162]

For 10+2 education, there are two government junior colleges, namely S.R.R. & C.V.R. Government College and Government Junior College (at Vinchipeta); a railway junior college; three co-operative, 12 private aided, including the oldest, S.R.R & C.V.R College (established in 1937), Andhra Loyola College (established in December 1953), Maria Stella College for Girls (established in 1962),K.B.N College (established in 1965), Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College (established in 1977), the oldest engineering college in Andhra Pradesh, and many private unaided colleges.[163] School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada (SPAV) was established in 2008, a higher education institute in Vijayawada. It is one of the three Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPAs) established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development in 2008 as an autonomous institute and a fully central funded institution.[citation needed]

The Sarvotthama Grandhalaya is a city library established on 30 March 1987. It serves an average daily readership of 200, equipped with 22,000 books related to many fields.[164] VMC & VBFS Research and Reference Library is a reader's room/library maintained by Vijayawada Book Festival Society.[165]

Media

Main article: Media in Vijayawada

Visalaandhra was the first newspaper in the state, started from Vijayawada.[166] As per the 58th annual report of Press India 2013–14, the large and medium Telugu daily publications from Vijayawada include Andhra Jyothy, Eenadu, Sakshi, Suryaa, Andhra Prabha, Vaartha, Prajasakti, and Udaya Bharatam. The English publications are Deccan Chronicle, The Hindu, The Times of India, The Hans India, News Boom, The Fourth Voice, and Views Observer.[167]

The All India Radio Vijayawada was commissioned on 1 December 1948.[168] Its building was named after Pingali Venkayya, the designer of the Indian flag.[169] The channels broadcast by All India Radio are Rainbow Krishnaveni FM,[169][170] Vividh Bharati.[171] Telugu Doordarshan Saptagiri is located here.

Sports

 
Vijayawada PWD ground

Indira Gandhi Stadium in the city is the headquarters of the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh.[172] It hosted its only men's One Day International (ODI) on 24 November 2002, played between India and West Indies.[173]

The only women's ODI was hosted on 12 December 1997, played as a group match of 1997 Women's Cricket World Cup between England women's and Pakistan women's teams.[174] Makineni Basavapunnaiah Stadium at Ajit Singh Nagar is another stadium that caters the sporting needs of the northern part of the city.[175] Indoor stadiums include Dandamudi Rajagopala Rao Indoor Stadium (DRRIS) at M. G.Road and Chennupati Ramakotaiah Indoor Stadium (CRIS) at Patamatalanka. The DRRIS was named after the former weightlifter, Dandamudi Rajagopal Rao, who participated in the 1951 Asian Games and the 1956 Olympics.[176] The DRRIS hosted several national and international sporting events, such as the 79th Senior Badminton Champions.[177]

Andhra Cricket Association (ACA) International Cricket Stadium is being built on a 30-acre (12 ha) site at Navuluru village, Mangalagiri Mandal of Guntur district, 15 km (9.3 mi) from the city. It serves as the Andhra Cricket Association stadium.[178] Vijaya Madhavi Tennis Academy is in Loyola College. Loyola College Grounds hosted many national-level events which includes a Ranji match.[citation needed][179]

The Railway Sports Stadium, near the railway station, hosted several national level railway competitions such as bodybuilding competitions, Under-19 Cricket championships and a few non-railway events. This stadium has a gallery facility of over 10,000 people. Makineni Basava Punnaiah stadium is another open stadium in the city. Dandamudi Rajagopal Rao Indoor Stadium is one of the noted Badminton stadiums in Andhra Pradesh. It has hosted several national level Badminton and Table Tennis championships.[180][181]

Awards

The Swachh Survekashan 2021 has identified Vijayawada as the third cleanest city in the nation. In the category of cities with more than 10 lakh inhabitants, the city rose from sixth place in 2020 to third place this year. A five-star designation for "Garbage Free City" has also been given to Vijayawada.[182] Such a good ranking can be accredited to policy measures such as the introduction of waste disposal vehicles in the city by N. Chandrababu Naidu[183]

Notable people

Notable people born in, or associated with, the city include:

See also

References

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vijayawada.
  • Vijayawada Municipal Corporation website 28 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  •   Vijayawada travel guide from Wikivoyage

February 08, 2023
vijayawada, formerly, known, bezawada, second, largest, city, indian, state, andhra, pradesh, part, state, capital, region, administrative, headquarters, district, metropolitan, region, comprises, parts, krishna, guntur, districts, lies, banks, krishna, river,. Vijayawada formerly known as Bezawada 7 8 is the second largest city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh 9 and is a part of the state s Capital Region It is the administrative headquarters of the NTR district Its metropolitan region comprises NTR and parts of Krishna and Guntur districts Vijayawada lies on the banks of Krishna river surrounded by the hills of Eastern Ghats known as Indrakeeladri Hills 10 It geographically lies on the center spot of Andhra Pradesh 11 The city has been described as the commercial political cultural and educational capital of Andhra Pradesh 11 It is the second largest city in Andhra Pradesh with a population of 1 723 000 12 in 2021 estimated population of 1 991 189 13 in the Vijayawada Metropolitan Area It is one of the fastest growing urban areas in India 14 and among the top 10 fastest growing cities in the world according to Oxford Economics report 15 Vijayawada BezawadaMetropolisClockwise from top Medha IT Park Tower Mid Valley City Kondapalli Khilla Bhavani Island HCL Company and Prakasam BarrageEtymology The Place of VictoryNickname City of VictoryVijayawadaLocation in Andhra PradeshShow map of Andhra PradeshVijayawadaLocation in IndiaShow map of IndiaCoordinates 16 31 09 N 80 37 50 E 16 5193 N 80 6305 E 16 5193 80 6305 Coordinates 16 31 09 N 80 37 50 E 16 5193 N 80 6305 E 16 5193 80 6305Country IndiaStateAndhra PradeshDistrict s NTRKrishnaGunturIncorporated Municipality 1 April 1888Incorporated Corporation 1981Government 2 TypeMayor Council BodyVijayawada Municipal Corporation APCRDA MayorRayana Bhagya Lakshmi YSRCP Area 3 Metropolis181 km2 70 sq mi Metro 5 230 km2 90 sq mi Elevation11 m 36 ft Population 2011 Metropolis1 021 806 1 Estimate 2015 1 723 000 Rank2nd in Andhra Pradesh 42nd in India Density17 000 km2 40 000 sq mi Metro1 476 931 4 DemonymVijayawadianLiteracy Literates789 038 Literacy rate82 59 Languages OfficialTeluguTime zoneUTC 05 30 IST PIN520001 6 Area code 91 866Vehicle registrationAP 16Vijayawada is considered to be a sacred place for residing one of the most visited and famous temples of Andhra Pradesh and India Kanaka Durga Temple of Hindu Goddess Durga residing on the hill named Indrakeeladri 16 It also serves as the ritual host of Pushkaram a river worshipping ritual in India of River Krishna citation needed There is a legend which says that Arjuna one of the heroes of the Indian epic Mahabharata prayed on top of the Indrakeeladri Hill in the city and won the blessings of Lord Shiva to get the Pashupatastra to win the Kurukshetra War 11 It was called Vijayavatika meaning Land of Victory in Telugu when Goddess Durga killed the demon Mahishasura and rested on the Indrakeeladri Hill by the River Krishna establishing the victory over evil hence the place got its name Vijayavatika Vijaya meaning victory and Vatika meaning place or land in Telugu 17 Over the years Vijayavatika name changed to Rajendra Chola Pura during Chola Dynasty and Bezawada during British rule and eventually to Vijayawada 18 The city is also the third most densely populated urban built up areas in the world 19 and is classified as a Y grade city by the Sixth Central Pay Commission 20 The city is the second most populous in the state with a population of more than one million 21 It was recognised as a Global City of the Future by McKinsey Quarterly which expected an increase to GDP of 17 billion by 2025 22 23 In October 2018 it was awarded with ISO 37120 platinum level certification and has been added to the Global Cities Registry 24 25 Due to the presence of several well known educational institutions the city has emerged as a major educational hub in recent times with many of the nation s students studying in the city It is predicted to be the world s and India s tenth fastest growing city economy through 2035 by an Oxford Economics report 26 Due to its high ratings in entertainment construction food education health care and transport 27 It is ranked as India s ninth most livable city as per Ease of Living Index 2018 Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs 28 and the second most livable city in the state of Andhra Pradesh 29 The Vijayawada Junction railway station is one of the busiest in the country 30 It stands as the tenth busiest railway junctions in the country Contents 1 Toponymy 2 History 3 Geography 4 Climate 5 Demographics 5 1 Language and religion 6 Governance 6 1 Civic administration 6 2 Utility services 6 3 Pollution control 6 4 Law and order 7 Economy 8 Culture 8 1 Arts crafts and artefacts 8 2 Cityscape 9 Transport 9 1 Public transport 9 2 Road 9 3 Rail 9 3 1 Suburban and high speed rail 9 3 2 Metro rail System 9 4 Air 10 Education 11 Media 12 Sports 13 Awards 14 Notable people 15 See also 16 References 17 External linksToponymy EditThere are many legends behind the origin of the name Vijayawada It is said that Goddess Durga killed Mahishasura and relaxed at this place As she was victorious the place came to be known as Vijayawada vijaya translates to victory 31 and wada as place literally meaning The Place of Victory 32 The hill was called as Indrekeeladri since it was frequently visited by Indra and his affiliates 33 The epic Mahabharata refers to the Indrakiladri hills as the place where Arjuna secured Pashupatastra from Lord Shiva One of the names of Arjuna is Vijaya invincible Thus city thereafter came to be known as Vijayavatika Vatika translates to place in Telugu and later as Vijayawada 34 In some legends Vijayawada was referred to as Rajendracholapura as Virarajendra Chola won a battle against Chalukyas in 1068 and ruled over this place 35 A tale behind its acquiring the name Bezawada is that Goddess Krishnaveni River Krishna requested Arjuna to make a passage for her to merge into the Bay of Bengal Hence Arjuna made a bejjam hole through the mountains and the place came to be known as Bejjamwada which later changed to Bezawada 36 37 Other names of Vijayawada were being Vijayavata 36 Beejapuram Kanakaprabha Kanakapuram Kanakawada Jayapuri Vijayapuri Phalguna Kshetram and Jananathpura in the twelfth century CE 38 History EditSee also Battle of Vijayawada Bezawada as Vijayawada was known then was founded around 626 A D by Paricchedi Kings Vijayawada history reveals that Bezawada Vijayawada was ruled by King Madhava Varma one of the kings of Vishnukundina dynasty 39 Chinese Buddhist scholar Xuanzang stayed a few years in Bezawada Vijayawada in around 640 A D to copy and study the Abhidhamma Pitaka the last of the three pitakas Pali for baskets constituting the Pali canon the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism 40 Mogalrajapuram hills have five rock cut temples built during the fourth ninth centuries Some of the caves can be attributed to Vishnukundina dynasty Akkana Madanna Caves at the foot of Indrakeeladri Hill is a monument of national importance 41 At the foot of Indrakeeladri hills is the temple of Malleswara The temple has inscriptions dating back to ninth century AD to 16th century AD by various kings There are ten pillars and a mutilated slab recognised as monuments by Archaeological Survey of India with inscriptions in the Telugu language Of them the inscriptions issued by Yudhamalla I and II of Eastern Chalukyas are important 41 In the early 16th century during the reign of Qutb Shahi dynasty also known as Golconda Sultanate diamond mines were found near Vijayawada on the banks of Krishna River 42 Geography EditVijayawada lies on the banks of Krishna river 43 covered by hills and canals 19 44 and at an altitude of 11 m 36 ft above sea level Three canals originating from the north side of the Prakasam Barrage reservoir Eluru Bandar and Ryves flow through the city 45 Climate EditVijayawada has a tropical wet and dry climate Koppen Aw 46 The annual mean temperatures range between 23 4 34 C 74 93 F with maximum temperatures often crossing 40 C 104 F in the month of May and the minimum in December and January 47 The highest maximum temperature ever recorded was 48 8 C 119 8 F in May 2002 May is the hottest and January is the coldest month of the year 47 48 It receives rainfall from the South west and North east monsoons 46 and the average annual rainfall recorded is 977 9 mm 38 50 in 47 Climate data for Vijayawada Vijayawada Airport located in Gannavaram 1981 2010 extremes 1950 2010Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 35 9 96 6 37 8 100 0 43 3 109 9 44 5 112 1 48 8 119 8 47 6 117 7 41 0 105 8 41 1 106 0 38 6 101 5 38 2 100 8 35 8 96 4 36 7 98 1 48 8 119 8 Average high C F 30 2 86 4 32 9 91 2 35 7 96 3 37 9 100 2 40 0 104 0 37 6 99 7 33 9 93 0 32 8 91 0 33 1 91 6 32 1 89 8 31 2 88 2 30 2 86 4 34 0 93 2 Average low C F 18 6 65 5 20 3 68 5 22 7 72 9 25 4 77 7 27 2 81 0 27 0 80 6 25 4 77 7 25 1 77 2 24 9 76 8 23 7 74 7 21 2 70 2 18 9 66 0 23 4 74 1 Record low C F 11 1 52 0 14 4 57 9 17 0 62 6 19 4 66 9 19 4 66 9 20 2 68 4 21 4 70 5 21 4 70 5 18 2 64 8 17 6 63 7 14 0 57 2 13 0 55 4 11 1 52 0 Average rainfall mm inches 7 2 0 28 7 6 0 30 16 9 0 67 16 3 0 64 59 9 2 36 117 2 4 61 194 9 7 67 179 4 7 06 173 5 6 83 144 8 5 70 48 1 1 89 12 1 0 48 977 9 38 50 Average rainy days 0 5 0 5 0 9 0 8 2 5 6 8 12 1 10 5 8 8 7 7 2 5 0 8 54 5Average relative humidity at 17 30 IST 57 54 48 47 45 50 64 69 74 77 67 58 59Source India Meteorological Department 49 50 Demographics EditThe city is the second most populous in the state and the third most densely populated urban built up areas in the world with approximately 31 200 people per square km 51 As of 2011 update Census of India it had a population of 1 021 806 of which males are 524 918 and females are 523 322 for a sex ratio of 997 females per 1000 males higher than the national average of 940 per 1000 1 52 92 848 children were in the age group of 0 6 years of which 47 582 were boys and 45 266 were girls a ratio of 951 per 1000 The average literacy rate stood at 82 59 male 86 25 female 78 94 with 789 038 literates significantly higher than the national average of 73 00 1 53 Language and religion Edit Religion in Vijayawada City 2011 54 Hinduism 85 16 Islam 9 12 Christianity 3 64 Jainism 0 50 Other or not stated 1 58 Languages of Vijayawada 2011 55 Telugu 89 42 Urdu 7 95 Others 2 63 The predominant language spoken by the city residents is Telugu 56 In the 2011 census the total number of language speakers in the city including the outgrowths were 1 143 232 Telugu is spoken by 1 022 376 speakers followed by 90 876 Urdu A significant minority speak Hindi Tamil Odia Gujarati Marathi and Malayalam 55 In the same census the total religious population in the city including the outgrowths was 1 143 232 It constituted 973 612 Hindus 85 16 104 206 Muslims 9 12 41 557 Christians 3 64 5 722 Jains 0 50 and 18 135 1 59 did not state any religion 57 Governance EditMain article Administration of Vijayawada Civic administration Edit Vijayawada Municipal Corporation is the civic governing body of the city and was the first ISO 9001 certified urban local body in the country 58 It was constituted on 1 April 1888 and was upgraded to selection grade municipality in 1960 and to the corporation in 1981 The jurisdictional area of the corporation is spread over an area of 230 km2 89 sq mi with 64 wards 59 60 The present Municipal Commissioner of the city is Sri V Prasanna Venkatesh IAS 61 and the present Mayor is Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi 62 63 Vijayawada is the headquarters of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority 64 As per the G O 104 dated 23 03 2017 the state government had declared Vijayawada Municipal Corporation and its contiguous areas as a metropolitan area of Vijayawada 65 Its jurisdiction is spread over an area of 230 km2 89 sq mi and has an estimated population of 18 lakhs 66 The metropolitan area covers Vijayawada municipal corporation and merged villages of Ambapuram Buddavaram Done Atkuru Enikepadu Ganguru Gannavaram Gollapudi 59 Gudavalli Jakkampudi Kanuru Kesarapalle Nidamanuru Nunna Pathapadu Penamaluru Phiryadi Nainavaram Poranki Prasadampadu Ramavarappadu Tadigadapa Kankipadu Vuyyuru Katuru Bollapadu Mudunuru and Yanamalakuduru 67 The urban agglomeration spread in Guntur district covers Tadepalle Municipality and its outgrowth of Undavalli Mangalagiri Municipality and its outgrowths of Navuluru and Atmakur 68 Utility services Edit Water supply from the 59 water reservoirs maintenance of roads sewerage underground drainage environment protection programs recycling of solid waste and producing power are the services provided by the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation 69 There has been an underground drainage system in the city since 1967 68 Many green parks are maintained by the corporation to protect the environment such as Raghavaiah park Rajiv Gandhi Park Dr B R Ambedkar Park Mahatma Gandhi Park etc 70 The corporation won many awards and achievements such as National Urban Water Award 2009 Siti e Governance Project ISO 9001 certification for Quality Management System 3 The Andhra Pradesh State Disaster Response and Fire Services Department with its headquarters in the city 71 is responsible for protecting from fire accidents that occur during summers on the hill slope areas of the city 72 Pollution control Edit The report on solid waste generation in 46 metro cities for the year 2015 16 shows Vijayawada produces 550 tonnes of solid waste per day 4 Vijayawada is one of the cities to be covered under the Solar Green Cities scheme launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and is one of the 15 cities in the country listed in Pilot Solar Cities 73 In 2007 the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation APSRTC that operates the city s public transport system introduced less polluting CNG fueled public transport busses in a drive to reduce the operational cost and protect the environment 74 In 2019 with the cost of CNG and fleet maintenance on the rise the APSRTC had begun replacing the CNG run busses with BS4 and BS6 standard diesel fueled buses 75 However APSRTC continues to be committed to alternative fuels for its fleet It has since added more electric 76 and biodiesel fueled busses 77 Likewise the city has a large number of CNG fueled auto rickshaws that support public transportation needs However auto rickshaw operators have frequently suffered disruption in CNG supply and usually endure long queues to refuel 78 79 In February 2020 Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited launched the sale of electric auto rickshaws in the city 80 Law and order Edit The Vijayawada City Police has its own Police Commissionerate which is responsible for an area of 1 211 16 km2 467 63 sq mi 81 is headed by a Police Commissioner who is an IPS officer of Additional Director General of Police rank along with one joint commissioner of police and four Deputy Commissioners of Police who are also IPS officers The present Police commissioner is Bathini Sreenivasulu 82 Economy EditMain article Economy of Vijayawada A view of PVP Mall on M G RoadVijayawada is one of the rapidly growing urban markets of the country 83 The sectors that contribute to the city economy are construction education entertainment food processing hospitality registrations transport etc 84 Based on the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission it is classified as one of the Y grade cities of India 20 According to one study the GDP of the city in 2010 was 3 billion Rs 18 000 crore and is expected to grow up to 17 billion Rs 1 02 000 crore by 2025 85 According to another by Oxford the GDP of the city in 2018 was 5 8 billion and is expected to grow up to 21 billion by 2035 86 Andhra Cements 1937 was the first cement factory in Andhra Pradesh Siris Pharmaceuticals was the first pharma company in Andhra Pradesh and was established in 1950 citation needed The city has trading and exporting markets for agriculture and industrial goods 87 The Nunna Mango Market is one of the largest mango markets in Asia exporting to major cities in the country 88 It is also a hub for storage bottling and transportation of petroleum products of all major companies like BPCL HPCL and IOC 89 The city is also attracting many international IT companies HCL Technologies Wipro the Noida based Indian multinational is constructing its Vijayawada campus in Kesarapalli village near to Gannavaram In the first phase HCL will provide employment to 5 000 students 90 There are two major IT parks one at Gannavaram and other in Mangalagiri there are big companies like TechMahindra HCL PI Data Center VSoft Efftronics KJ Systems and EPSoft The city is also most preferred tier two city destination for IT ITES services There is an APIIC Mega Food Park in Mandavalli near Gannavaram The growing population and economy have resulted in rising real estate prices 91 There is also a cyber security office that is operating by Tech mahindra And the Wonderla an amusement park is trying to invest around 250 crores rupees to expand its branch in between guntur and vijayawada in 50 acres Culture Edit Kondapalli toys craftwork from a suburb of Vijayawada Night view of Prakasam Barrage The city is known in the state for its cultural history 92 whose residents are more often referred to as Vijayawadians 93 There are many religions languages traditions and festivals 94 95 Durga Pooja and a special Theppotsavam in Krishna river are important events of the Hindu festival of Dussera in the city mainly due to the existence of self manifested Kanaka Durga Temple 96 Hazarat Bal Mosque is a Muslim shrine housing the holy relic of the Prophet Mohammed 97 The Gunadala Mary Matha Church is an important shrine for Christians and illuminates during Christmas Eve 98 The city corporation organises Happy Sunday an event organised on the first Sunday of every month at M G Road for promoting activities such as sports games cultural events and yoga 99 The clothing of the locals includes traditional men wearing dhoti and women wearing saree and salwar kameez western clothing is also predominant 100 Arts crafts and artefacts Edit The Vijayawada Art Society promotes Telugu arts 101 The city hosted Poetic Prism 2015 a multilingual poet s meet on 19 September 2015 95 All these activities are organised in collaboration with the Cultural Centre of Vijayawada Kondapalli Toys which were granted geographical indication in 2007 102 are handmade by the artisans of Kondapalli a suburb of Vijayawada 103 Victoria Jubilee Museum is an archaeological museum in the city which houses sculptures paintings and artefacts of Buddhist and Hindu relics dating back to the second and third centuries Cityscape Edit Main article List of visitor attractions in Vijayawada Panorama of Vijayawada Vijayawada was paired as a sister city of Modesto California in 1993 104 The city has old and new town areas The One Town area of the city is known as old city area comprising areas such as Islampet Jendachettu Centre Kamsalipet Rajarajeswaripet Kothapet Ajith Singh Nagar and Winchipet 105 The new city areas include areas such as Autonagar Benz circle Chuttugunta Labbipet Machavaram Down Mogalrajapuram NTR circle Tikkle Road Governorpeta Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road and Suryaraopet 105 106 107 Vijayawada city from Gandhi hill Brindavan Colony Commercial Taxes Colony Gunadala Veterinary Colony are some of the residential areas 106 Bank Colony Bharati Nagar Gayatri Nagar Currency Nagar Satyanarayana Puram Gurunanak Colony APIIC Colony LIC Colony Patamata and MG Road are the upscale residential areas 108 109 The major commercial areas include the stretch of MG Road and from Benz Circle to Ramavarappadu Ring 106 109 Other commercial centers are Besant Road Rajagopalachari street One Town market area covering Kaleswara Rao Market KR Market and Vastralatha 110 111 112 The city has many landmarks which include Prakasam Barrage across the Krishna river 113 Krishnaveni Mandapam River Museum depicting the history of Krishna river and a nearby idol of the river known as Krishnaveni statue Gandhi Hill the first Gandhi Memorial in the country located at an elevation of 500 feet 150 m on a hill Bhavani Island one of the largest river island amidst Krishna river citation needed Transport EditMain article Transport in Vijayawada Public transport Edit The primary modes of intra city public transport are city buses and auto rickshaws 114 Apart from these other means of transport are motorcycles cycle rickshaws and bicycles 114 37 44 The Pandit Nehru Bus Station and the Vijayawada Junction railway station are the major transport infrastructure for road and rail transport 115 The Pandit Nehru bus station is the administrative headquarters of APSRTC 116 which is ranked as the fourth largest and busiest bus terminals in the country 117 The City Division of APSRTC operates close to 450 buses for an average of 300 000 daily commuting passengers 118 Autonagar bus terminus and city bus port is used for city bus services 119 120 The city buses ply in major routes of Besant Road Eluru Road MG Road and to the city outskirts of Ibrahimpatnam Kondapalli Mangalagiri Kankipadu Uyyuru Gannavaram Nidamanuru and Nunna 121 In 2016 APSRTS has discontinued city services on the BRTS corridor due to poor response from the commuters 122 It was built at a reported cost of 150 crore US 19 million exclusively to be used by city buses has been 123 Road Edit The two major National Highways NH 16 Kolkata Bhubaneshwar Visakhapatnam Vijayawada Guntur Nellore Chennai and NH 65 Pune Hyderabad Suryapet Vijayawada Machilipatnam provides road connectivity with other states and major cities 124 125 National Highway 30 from Jagdalpur of Chhattisgarh terminates near the city suburb of Ibrahimpatnam 125 The Inner Ring Road connects NH 16 and NH 65 to serve the main purpose of easing traffic congestion 126 The seamless commuting in the city is supported by the presence of 16 bridges across the three canals of Bandar Eluru and Ryves 127 M G Road Bandar Road and Eluru Road are the major arterial roads of the city 128 with as many as 90 000 vehicles plying M G Road itself 129 The city has a total road length of 1 264 24 km 785 56 mi 130 used by 678 004 non transport and 94 937 transport vehicles 131 The heavy vehicles like lorries are used for freight transport and hold a share of 18 in the country 132 Short distance commuting is served by 27 296 auto rickshaws plying the city roads every day 131 which include the women driven She Autos as well 133 The city has a total road length of 1 264 24 km 785 56 mi covering 1 230 00 km 764 29 mi of municipal roads 22 74 km 14 13 mi of R amp B Roads amp Buildings department roads 11 50 km 7 15 mi of National Highways 134 Benz Circle is one of the busiest road junctions in the city with an average of 57 000 vehicles crossing daily The junction has the intersection of two national highways of NH 16 and NH 65 135 Rail Edit Vijayawada railway station Vijayawada Junction railway station was established in the year 1888 136 It is one of the busiest stations of Indian Railways 137 the busiest railway station in South India and is classified as a Non Suburban Grade 2 NSG 2 station in Vijayawada railway division 138 The station is a junction station for the trains from Hyderabad Chennai Central Machilipatnam and Visakhapatnam Junction 139 A train route connecting Vijayawada and Hyderabad was laid in 1889 citation needed Suburban rail services are operated from the railway station to the nearby cities of Guntur and Tenali 140 141 The city houses the headquarters of Vijayawada railway division 142 one of the three railway divisions of South Coast Railway zone 143 The station has also a diesel and electric loco sheds which have a capacity of holding 220 locos by both the sheds citation needed The city of Vijayawada has several satellite stations such as Gannavaram Gunadala Krishna Canal Ramavarappadu 144 Kondapalli Rayanapadu 145 Madhura Nagar 146 and Nidamanuru 147 Suburban and high speed rail Edit A proposed circular train connectivity would connect Vijayawada with neighbouring cities of Eluru Guntur Tenali Mangalagiri and the state capital Amaravati 148 149 Metro rail System Edit A 66km light transit system is proposed to connect the city with Amaravathi and its surrounding suburbs The metro project is implemented by a special purpose vehicle named as Amaravati Metro Rail Corporation 150 Amaravati Metro Rail Corporation has been renamed as Andhra Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation Ltd after the Managing Director of AMRC suggested that it might be appropriate to change the name AMRC as APMRC so as to implement the Metro Projects in other parts of the State and the ruling government obliged 151 Air Edit Vijayawada Airport The Vijayawada Airport 152 at Gannavaram provides air connectivity to major metropolitan cities of the country 153 On 3 May 2017 the airport was upgraded from domestic to international Currently Air India Jet Airways and Spice Jet are operating in the Vijayawada Airport 154 International flights started from 4 December 2018 by Indigo Airlines to Singapore The international flights to Singapore stopped after 27 June 2019 because the State Government stopped Viability Gap Funding in June 2019 153 As of June 2019 update it registered a domestic passenger movement growth rate of 70 0 with a total of 11 Lakh 92 Thousand Passengers in FY 19 155 Aircraft movement recorded a growth of 65 0 156 Education Edit NTR University of Health Sciences Administrative office of V R Siddhartha Engineering College The Primary and Secondary School Education is imparted by the Government Aided and Private Schools under the State School Education Department 157 158 As per the school information report for the academic year 2015 16 the city has 133 837 students enrolled in 529 Schools 159 The state and CBSE syllabus are followed by schools for the Secondary School Certificate 160 161 The languages of instruction are English Urdu and Telugu 162 For 10 2 education there are two government junior colleges namely S R R amp C V R Government College and Government Junior College at Vinchipeta a railway junior college three co operative 12 private aided including the oldest S R R amp C V R College established in 1937 Andhra Loyola College established in December 1953 Maria Stella College for Girls established in 1962 K B N College established in 1965 Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College established in 1977 the oldest engineering college in Andhra Pradesh and many private unaided colleges 163 School of Planning and Architecture Vijayawada SPAV was established in 2008 a higher education institute in Vijayawada It is one of the three Schools of Planning and Architecture SPAs established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development in 2008 as an autonomous institute and a fully central funded institution citation needed The Sarvotthama Grandhalaya is a city library established on 30 March 1987 It serves an average daily readership of 200 equipped with 22 000 books related to many fields 164 VMC amp VBFS Research and Reference Library is a reader s room library maintained by Vijayawada Book Festival Society 165 Media EditMain article Media in Vijayawada Visalaandhra was the first newspaper in the state started from Vijayawada 166 As per the 58th annual report of Press India 2013 14 the large and medium Telugu daily publications from Vijayawada include Andhra Jyothy Eenadu Sakshi Suryaa Andhra Prabha Vaartha Prajasakti and Udaya Bharatam The English publications are Deccan Chronicle The Hindu The Times of India The Hans India News Boom The Fourth Voice and Views Observer 167 The All India Radio Vijayawada was commissioned on 1 December 1948 168 Its building was named after Pingali Venkayya the designer of the Indian flag 169 The channels broadcast by All India Radio are Rainbow Krishnaveni FM 169 170 Vividh Bharati 171 Telugu Doordarshan Saptagiri is located here Sports Edit Vijayawada PWD ground Indira Gandhi Stadium in the city is the headquarters of the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh 172 It hosted its only men s One Day International ODI on 24 November 2002 played between India and West Indies 173 The only women s ODI was hosted on 12 December 1997 played as a group match of 1997 Women s Cricket World Cup between England women s and Pakistan women s teams 174 Makineni Basavapunnaiah Stadium at Ajit Singh Nagar is another stadium that caters the sporting needs of the northern part of the city 175 Indoor stadiums include Dandamudi Rajagopala Rao Indoor Stadium DRRIS at M G Road and Chennupati Ramakotaiah Indoor Stadium CRIS at Patamatalanka The DRRIS was named after the former weightlifter Dandamudi Rajagopal Rao who participated in the 1951 Asian Games and the 1956 Olympics 176 The DRRIS hosted several national and international sporting events such as the 79th Senior Badminton Champions 177 Andhra Cricket Association ACA International Cricket Stadium is being built on a 30 acre 12 ha site at Navuluru village Mangalagiri Mandal of Guntur district 15 km 9 3 mi from the city It serves as the Andhra Cricket Association stadium 178 Vijaya Madhavi Tennis Academy is in Loyola College Loyola College Grounds hosted many national level events which includes a Ranji match citation needed 179 The Railway Sports Stadium near the railway station hosted several national level railway competitions such as bodybuilding competitions Under 19 Cricket championships and a few non railway events This stadium has a gallery facility of over 10 000 people Makineni Basava Punnaiah stadium is another open stadium in the city Dandamudi Rajagopal Rao Indoor Stadium is one of the noted Badminton stadiums in Andhra Pradesh It has hosted several national level Badminton and Table Tennis championships 180 181 Awards EditThe Swachh Survekashan 2021 has identified Vijayawada as the third cleanest city in the nation In the category of cities with more than 10 lakh inhabitants the city rose from sixth place in 2020 to third place this year A five star designation for Garbage Free City has also been given to Vijayawada 182 Such a good ranking can be accredited to policy measures such as the introduction of waste disposal vehicles in the city by N Chandrababu Naidu 183 Notable people EditNotable people born in or associated with the city include Nadeem Baig Pakistani actor singer and producer Saraswathi Gora Indian social activist who served as leader of the Atheist Centre Koneru Humpy reigning women s world rapid Chess champion Lavanam social reformer and Gandhian Prasad Murella Indian film cinematographer Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao Indian freedom fighter and the first Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh Goparaju Ramachandra Rao founder of Atheist Centre Kanuri Lakshmana Rao Three time MP from Vijayawada and Chief Engineer of Nagarjuna Sagar Dam N T Rama Rao founder of Telugu Desam Party and actor in Telugu films Viswanatha Satyanarayana awarded the Jnanpith Award in 1970 the first for a Telugu writer and Padma Bhushan in 1971 Puchalapalli Sundarayya founding member of Communist party Marxist and former MLA from Vijayawada Pingali Venkayya creator of National Flag Dandamudi Rajagopal Rao Weightlifting Olympics See also EditList of most populous cities in India List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2014References Edit a b c Hand Book of Statistics 2015 Krishna District PDF Department of Economics and Statistics Andhra Pradesh Machilipatnam 2014 15 p 6 Retrieved 1 June 2019 M N Samdani 12 May 2015 Andhra Pradesh s move to supply Krishna water to Coca Cola plant irks opposition The Times of India Mangalagiri Archived from the original on 25 February 2021 Retrieved 25 May 2019 a b Vijayawada A Profile PDF Vijayawada Municipal Corporation p 1 Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 11 December 2015 a b Solid Waste Generation in 46 Metrocities PDF Central Pollution Control Board Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change Government of India Population of Vijayawada Census of India Ministry of Home Affairs 2011 Retrieved 15 July 2020 Vijayawada Pin Code www pincodeinfo online Tunnel road lives up to name Bezawada Deccan Chronicle 11 November 2015 Archived from the original on 7 March 2021 Retrieved 10 May 2019 Rao G Venkataramana 3 November 2016 Xuan Zang stayed in Vijayawada to study Buddhist scriptures The Hindu Archived from the original on 8 November 2020 Retrieved 10 May 2019 reddy u sudhakar 19 August 2016 Vijayawada is the third most densely packed city 31 200 people in every square km Deccan Chronicle Archived from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 25 April 2020 Geography of Vijayawada www mapsofindia com Archived from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 17 April 2020 a b c About Vijayawada VijayawadaPolice Retrieved 17 April 2020 Vij Gets 44 Cr Plan To Improve Air Quality Vijayawada News Times of India The Times of India Retrieved 23 October 2022 Vijayawada Urban Area VMC PDF Pink William T Noblit George W 2017 Second International Handbook of Urban Education Springer p 400 ISBN 978 3 319 40317 5 Retrieved 10 May 2019 World s top 10 fastest growing cities are all from India check which cities made it to Oxford list Financialexpress Retrieved 23 October 2022 History www kanakadurgamma org Archived from the original on 15 May 2020 Retrieved 17 April 2020 About Vijayawada VijayawadaPolice Retrieved 17 April 2020 ABOUT VIJAYAWADA www vikasinstitutionsnunna org Archived from the original on 1 May 2020 Retrieved 25 April 2020 a b Vijayawada is third densely packed city with 31 200 people living in every square km 19 August 2016 Archived from the original on 8 March 2021 Retrieved 25 August 2016 a b Sixth Central Pay Commission Classification of Cities PDF Ministry of Personnel Public Grievances and Pension Archived from the original PDF on 13 December 2016 Retrieved 26 March 2014 Vijayawada Traffic regulation need of the hour Deccan Chronicle 24 February 2018 Archived from the 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January 2016 at the Wayback Machine Vijayawada travel guide from Wikivoyage Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vijayawada amp oldid 1136862468, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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