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States and union territories of India

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories,[1] with a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions.

States and union territories of India
CategoryFederated states
LocationRepublic of India
Number28 States
8 Union territories
PopulationsStates: Sikkim – 610,577 (lowest)
Uttar Pradesh – 199,812,341 (highest)
Union Territories: Lakshadweep – 64,473 (lowest)
Delhi – 16,787,941 (highest)
AreasStates: Goa – 3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi) (smallest)
Rajasthan – 342,269 km2 (132,151 sq mi) (largest)
Union territories: Lakshadweep – 32 km2 (12 sq mi) (smallest)
Ladakh – 59,146 km2 (22,836 sq mi) (largest)
Government
Subdivisions

History

 
Administrative divisions of India in 1951

Pre-independence

The Indian subcontinent has been ruled by many different ethnic groups throughout its history, each instituting their own policies of administrative division in the region.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][excessive citations] The British Raj mostly retained the administrative structure of the preceding Mughal Empire. India was divided into provinces (also called Presidencies), directly governed by the British, and princely states, which were nominally controlled by a local prince or raja loyal to the British Empire, which held de facto sovereignty (suzerainty) over the princely states.

1947–1950

Between 1947 and 1950 the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian union. Most were merged into existing provinces; others were organised into new provinces, such as Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Bharat, and Vindhya Pradesh, made up of multiple princely states; a few, including Mysore, Hyderabad, Bhopal, and Bilaspur, became separate provinces. The new Constitution of India, which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States".[13] The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states:[citation needed]

States reorganisation (1951–1956)

Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu-speaking northern districts of Madras State.[14]

The French enclave of Chandernagore was transferred to West Bengal in 1954. In the same year Pondicherry, comprising the former French enclaves of Pondichéry, Karikal, Yanaon and Mahé, was transferred to India; this became a union territory in 1962.[15]

Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the Portuguese-held enclaves of Dadrá and Nagar Aveli, declaring the short-lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli. In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli.[16][17][18][19]

The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 reorganised the states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states.[20]

As a result of this act:

Post-1956

Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act.[21] The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963.[22] The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and the transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh.[23] The act also designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana.[24][25]

Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. The north-eastern states of Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972.[26] Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished.[27] In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu's northern exclaves Damão and Diu became a separate union territory as Daman and Diu.[28]

In November 2000, three new states were created, namely:

Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2007 and Orissa was renamed Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh.[33][34]

In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, effective from 31 October 2019.[35] Later that year in November, the Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, effective from 26 January 2020.[36][37][38]

Current proposals

States and Union territories

States

State ISO Vehicle
code
Zone Capital Largest city Statehood Population
(2011)[citation needed]
Area
(km2)
Official
languages[39]
Additional official
languages[39]
Andhra Pradesh IN-AP AP Southern Amaravati Visakhapatnam 1 November 1956 49,506,799 162,975 Telugu Urdu[40]
Arunachal Pradesh IN-AR AR North-Eastern Itanagar 20 February 1987 1,383,727 83,743 English
Assam IN-AS AS North-Eastern Dispur Guwahati 26 January 1950 31,205,576 78,550 Assamese Bengali, Bodo
Bihar IN-BR BR Eastern Patna 26 January 1950 104,099,452 94,163 Hindi Urdu
Chhattisgarh IN-CT CG Central Raipur[a] 1 November 2000 25,545,198 135,194 Hindi Chhattisgarhi
Goa IN-GA GA Western Panaji Vasco da Gama 30 May 1987 1,458,545 3,702 Konkani Marathi
Gujarat IN-GJ GJ Western Gandhinagar Ahmedabad 1 May 1960 60,439,692 196,024 Gujarati
Haryana IN-HR HR Northern Chandigarh Faridabad 1 November 1966 25,351,462 44,212 Hindi Punjabi[41][42]
Himachal Pradesh IN-HP HP Northern Shimla (Summer)
Dharamshala (Winter)[43]
Shimla 25 January 1971 6,864,602 55,673 Hindi Sanskrit[44]
Jharkhand IN-JH JH Eastern Ranchi Jamshedpur 15 November 2000 32,988,134 74,677 Hindi Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bhumij, Ho, Kharia, Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali, Urdu[45][46]
Karnataka IN-KA KA Southern Bangalore 1 November 1956 61,095,297 191,791 Kannada
Kerala IN-KL KL Southern Thiruvananthapuram 1 November 1956 33,406,061 38,863 Malayalam English[47]
Madhya Pradesh IN-MP MP Central Bhopal Indore 26 January 1950 72,626,809 308,252 Hindi
Maharashtra IN-MH MH Western Mumbai (Summer)
Nagpur (Winter)[48][49]
Mumbai 1 May 1960 112,374,333 307,713 Marathi
Manipur IN-MN MN North-Eastern Imphal 21 January 1972 2,855,794 22,347 Meitei English
Meghalaya IN-ML ML North-Eastern Shillong 21 January 1972 2,966,889 22,720 English Khasi[b]
Mizoram IN-MZ MZ North-Eastern Aizawl 20 February 1987 1,097,206 21,081 English, Hindi, Mizo
Nagaland IN-NL NL North-Eastern Kohima Dimapur 1 December 1963 1,978,502 16,579 English
Odisha IN-OR OD Eastern Bhubaneswar 26 January 1950 41,974,218 155,820 Odia
Punjab IN-PB PB Northern Chandigarh Ludhiana 1 November 1966 27,743,338 50,362 Punjabi
Rajasthan IN-RJ RJ Northern Jaipur 26 January 1950 68,548,437 342,269 Hindi English
Sikkim IN-SK SK North-Eastern Gangtok 16 May 1975 610,577 7,096 English, Nepali Bhutia, Gurung, Lepcha, Limbu, Manggar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa, Tamang
Tamil Nadu IN-TN TN Southern Chennai 1 November 1956 72,147,030 130,058 Tamil English
Telangana IN-TG TS Southern Hyderabad[c] 2 June 2014 35,193,978[54] 112,077[54] Telugu Urdu[55]
Tripura IN-TR TR North-Eastern Agartala 21 January 1972 3,673,917 10,492 Bengali, English, Kokborok
Uttar Pradesh IN-UP UP Central Lucknow 26 January 1950 199,812,341 243,286 Hindi Urdu
Uttarakhand IN-UT UK Central Bhararisain (Summer)
Dehradun (Winter)[56]
Dehradun 9 November 2000 10,086,292 53,483 Hindi Sanskrit[57]
West Bengal IN-WB WB Eastern Kolkata 26 January 1950 91,276,115 88,752 Bengali, Nepali[d] Hindi, Odia, Punjabi, Santali, Telugu, Urdu
  1. ^ Naya Raipur is planned to replace Raipur as the capital city of Chhattisgarh.
  2. ^ Khasi language has been declared as the Additional Official Language for all purposes in the District, Sub-Division and Block level offices of the State Government located in the Districts of Khasi-Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya.
  3. ^ Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states, Telangana and a residual Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014.[50][51][52] Hyderabad, located entirely within the borders of Telangana, is to serve as the capital for both states for a period of time not exceeding ten years.[53] The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Andhra Pradesh Legislature completed the process of relocating to temporary facilities in the envisaged new capital city Amaravati in early 2017.[citation needed]
  4. ^ Bengali and Nepali are the Official Languages in Darjeeling and Kurseong sub-divisions of Darjeeling district.

Union territories

Union territory ISO 3166-2:IN Vehicle
code
Zone Capital Largest city UT established Population Area
(km2)
Official
languages
Additional official
languages
Andaman and Nicobar Islands IN-AN AN Southern Port Blair 1 November 1956 380,581 8,249 Hindi English
Chandigarh IN-CH CH Northern Chandigarh 1 November 1966 1,055,450 114 English
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu IN-DH DD Western Daman 26 January 2020 586,956 603 Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, English
Delhi IN-DL DL Northern New Delhi Delhi 1 November 1956 16,787,941 1,490 Hindi, English Punjabi, Urdu[58]
Jammu and Kashmir IN-JK JK Northern Srinagar (Summer)[59][60]
Jammu (Winter)[60][61]
Srinagar 31 October 2019 12,258,433 42,241 Kashmiri, Dogri, Urdu, Hindi, English
Ladakh IN-LA LA Northern Leh (Summer)
Kargil (Winter)[62]
Leh 31 October 2019 290,492 59,146 Hindi, English
Lakshadweep IN-LD LD Southern Kavaratti 1 November 1956 64,473 32 Malayalam, English
Puducherry IN-PY PY Southern Puducherry 16 August 1962 1,247,953 492 Tamil, English Telugu, Malayalam, French

Former states and union territories

Former states

Map State Capital Years Present-day state(s)
  Ajmer State Ajmer 1950–1956 Rajasthan
  Andhra State Kurnool 1953–1956 Andhra Pradesh
  Bhopal State Bhopal 1949–1956 Madhya Pradesh
  Bilaspur State Bilaspur 1950–1954 Himachal Pradesh
  Bombay State Bombay 1950–1960 Maharashtra, Gujarat, and partially Karnataka
  Coorg State Madikeri 1950–1956 Karnataka
  East Punjab Shimla (1947–1953)
Chandigarh (1953–1966)
1947–1966 Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh UT
  Hyderabad State Hyderabad 1948–1956 Telangana, and partially Maharashtra and Karnataka
 
Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar (Summer)
Jammu (Winter)
1952–2019 Jammu and Kashmir UT and

Ladakh UT

  Kutch State Bhuj 1947–1956 Gujarat
  Madhya Bharat Indore (Summer)
Gwalior (Winter)
1948–1956 Madhya Pradesh
  Madras State Madras 1950–1969 Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and partially Karnataka and Kerala
  Mysore State Bangalore 1947–1973 Karnataka
  Patiala and East Punjab States Union Patiala 1948–1956 Punjab and Haryana
  Saurashtra Rajkot 1948–1956 Gujarat
  Travancore–Cochin Trivandrum 1949–1956 Kerala and partially Tamil Nadu
  Vindhya Pradesh Rewa 1948–1956 Madhya Pradesh

Former union territories

Map Name Zone Capital Area UT established UT disestablished Now part of
  Arunachal Pradesh North-Eastern Itanagar 83,743 km2 (32,333 sq mi) 21 January 1972 20 February 1987 As an Indian state
  Dadra and Nagar Haveli Western Silvassa 491 km2 (190 sq mi) 11 August 1961 26 January 2020 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory
  Daman and Diu Western Daman 112 km2 (43 sq mi) 30 May 1987 26 January 2020 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory
  Goa, Daman and Diu Western Panaji 3,814 km2 (1,473 sq mi) 19 December 1961 30 May 1987 Goa state and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory
  Himachal Pradesh Northern Shimla 55,673 km2 (21,495 sq mi) 1 November 1956 25 January 1971 As an Indian state
  Manipur North-Eastern Imphal 22,327 km2 (8,621 sq mi) 1 November 1956 21 January 1972 As an Indian state
  Mizoram North-Eastern Aizawl 21,087 km2 (8,142 sq mi) 21 January 1972 20 February 1987 As an Indian state
  Nagaland North-Eastern Kohima 16,579 km2 (6,401 sq mi) 29 November 1957 1 December 1963 As an Indian state
  Tripura North-Eastern Agartala 10,491.65 km2 (4,050.85 sq mi) 1 November 1956 21 January 1972 As an Indian state

Responsibilities and authorities

The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State.[63]

See also

References

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  10. ^ Chandra, Satish. Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals. p. 202.
  11. ^ "Regional states, c. 1700–1850". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
  12. ^ Grewal, J. S. (1990). "Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849)". The Sikh empire (1799–1849). The New Cambridge History of India. Vol. The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press.
  13. ^ . Constitution of India. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012.
  14. ^ "Map of Madras Presidency in 1909". 28 March 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
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  16. ^ "Dadra and Nagar Haveli Celebrated Its 60th Liberation Day". Jagranjosh.com. 2 August 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  17. ^ Dasgupta, Reshmi R. (10 August 2019). "Dadra and Nagar Haveli: When an IAS officer became the instrument of accession". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  18. ^ "When an IAS Officer Was The Prime Minister of Dadra & Nagar Haveli". Thebetterindia.com. 28 March 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
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  37. ^ "Govt plans to merge 2 UTs – Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli". Devdiscourse. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
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  39. ^ a b (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
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  45. ^ "Jharkhand gives 2nd language status to Magahi, Angika, Bhojpuri and Maithali". uniindia.com.
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  47. ^ "Kerala Official Languages Act, 1969". www.bareactslive.com. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
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  50. ^ "Bifurcated into Telangana State and residual Andhra Pradesh State". The Times of India. 2 June 2014.
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  53. ^ Sanchari Bhattacharya (1 June 2014). "Andhra Pradesh Minus Telangana: 10 Facts". NDTV.
  54. ^ a b "Telangana State Profile". Telangana government portal. p. 34. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
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  63. ^ "Article 73 broadly stated, provides that the executive power of the Union shall extend to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws. Article 162 similarly provides that the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Legislature of a State has power to make laws. The Supreme Court has reiterated this position when it ruled in the Ramanaiah case that the executive power of the Union or of the State broadly speaking, is coextensive and coterminous with its respective legislative power." Territoriality of executive powers of states in India 31 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Balwant Singh Malik, Constitutional Law, 1998

External links

  • Official Government of India website: States and Union Territories

states, union, territories, india, further, information, administrative, divisions, india, state, india, redirects, here, other, uses, state, india, disambiguation, indian, state, redirects, here, historical, territory, united, states, america, indian, territo. Further information Administrative divisions of India State of India redirects here For other uses see State of India disambiguation Indian state redirects here For the historical territory in the United States of America see Indian Territory India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories 1 with a total of 36 entities The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions States and union territories of IndiaAndhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh NationalCapital Territory Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh JammuandKashmir Ladakh Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh WestBengal AndamanandNicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli andDaman and Diu Lakshadweep PuducherryCategoryFederated statesLocationRepublic of IndiaNumber28 States8 Union territoriesPopulationsStates Sikkim 610 577 lowest Uttar Pradesh 199 812 341 highest Union Territories Lakshadweep 64 473 lowest Delhi 16 787 941 highest AreasStates Goa 3 702 km2 1 429 sq mi smallest Rajasthan 342 269 km2 132 151 sq mi largest Union territories Lakshadweep 32 km2 12 sq mi smallest Ladakh 59 146 km2 22 836 sq mi largest GovernmentState governmentsUnion governments union territories SubdivisionsDivisionsDistricts Contents 1 History 1 1 Pre independence 1 2 1947 1950 1 3 States reorganisation 1951 1956 1 4 Post 1956 1 5 Current proposals 2 States and Union territories 2 1 States 2 2 Union territories 3 Former states and union territories 3 1 Former states 3 2 Former union territories 4 Responsibilities and authorities 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory Administrative divisions of India in 1951 Pre independence Main articles Presidencies and provinces of British India Agencies of British India Residencies of British India and Princely state The Indian subcontinent has been ruled by many different ethnic groups throughout its history each instituting their own policies of administrative division in the region 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 excessive citations The British Raj mostly retained the administrative structure of the preceding Mughal Empire India was divided into provinces also called Presidencies directly governed by the British and princely states which were nominally controlled by a local prince or raja loyal to the British Empire which held de facto sovereignty suzerainty over the princely states 1947 1950 Main articles Political integration of India Instrument of Accession Annexation of Junagadh and Annexation of Hyderabad Between 1947 and 1950 the territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian union Most were merged into existing provinces others were organised into new provinces such as Rajasthan Himachal Pradesh Madhya Bharat and Vindhya Pradesh made up of multiple princely states a few including Mysore Hyderabad Bhopal and Bilaspur became separate provinces The new Constitution of India which came into force on 26 January 1950 made India a sovereign democratic republic The new republic was also declared to be a Union of States 13 The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states citation needed Part A states which were the former governors provinces of British India were ruled by an elected governor and state legislature The nine Part A states were Assam formerly Assam Province Bihar formerly Bihar Province Bombay formerly Bombay Province East Punjab formerly Punjab Province Madhya Pradesh formerly the Central Provinces and Berar Madras formerly Madras Province Orissa formerly Orissa Province Uttar Pradesh formerly the United Provinces and West Bengal formerly Bengal Province The eight Part B states were former princely states or groups of princely states governed by a rajpramukh who was usually the ruler of a constituent state and an elected legislature The rajpramukh was appointed by the President of India The Part B states were Hyderabad formerly Hyderabad Princely State Jammu and Kashmir formerly Jammu and Kashmir Princely State Madhya Bharat formerly Central India Agency Mysore formerly Mysore Princely State Patiala and East Punjab States Union PEPSU Rajasthan formerly Rajputana Agency Saurashtra formerly Baroda Western India and Gujarat States Agency and Travancore Cochin formerly Travancore Princely State and Cochin Princely State The ten Part C states included both the former chief commissioners provinces and some princely states and each was governed by a chief commissioner appointed by the President of India The Part C states were Ajmer formerly Ajmer Merwara Province Bhopal formerly Bhopal Princely State Bilaspur formerly Bilaspur Princely State Coorg State formerly Coorg Province Delhi Himachal Pradesh Kutch formerly Cutch Princely State Manipur formerly Manipur Princely State Tripura formerly Tripura Princely State and Vindhya Pradesh formerly Central India Agency The only Part D state was the Andaman and Nicobar Islands which were administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the union government States reorganisation 1951 1956 Main articles Goa liberation movement Andhra movement Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and States Reorganisation Commission Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu speaking northern districts of Madras State 14 The French enclave of Chandernagore was transferred to West Bengal in 1954 In the same year Pondicherry comprising the former French enclaves of Pondichery Karikal Yanaon and Mahe was transferred to India this became a union territory in 1962 15 Also in 1954 pro India forces liberated the Portuguese held enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Aveli declaring the short lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli In 1961 India annexed it as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli 16 17 18 19 The States Reorganisation Act 1956 reorganised the states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states 20 As a result of this act Madras State retained its name with Kanyakumari district added to form Travancore Cochin Andhra Pradesh was created with the merger of Andhra State with the Telugu speaking districts of Hyderabad State in 1956 Kerala was created by merging Malabar district and the Kasaragod taluk of South Canara districts of Madras State with Travancore Cochin Mysore State was re organized with the addition of the districts of Bellary and South Canara excluding Kasaragod taluk and the Kollegal taluk of Coimbatore district from the Madras State the districts of Belgaum Bijapur North Canara and Dharwad from Bombay State the Kannada majority districts of Bidar Raichur and Kalaburagi from Hyderabad State and the Coorg State The Laccadive Islands Aminidivi Islands and Minicoy Island which had been divided between the South Canara and Malabar districts of Madras State were united and organised into the union territory of Lakshadweep Bombay State was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra State and Kutch State the Marathi speaking districts of Nagpur division of Madhya Pradesh and the Marathwada region of Hyderabad State Rajasthan and Punjab gained territories from Ajmer State and Patiala and East Punjab States Union respectively and certain territories of Bihar were transferred to West Bengal Post 1956 Main articles Mahagujarat movement Punjabi Suba movement Annexation of Goa 1967 Goa status referendum 1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum Uttarakhand movement and Telangana movement Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act 21 The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963 22 The Punjab Reorganisation Act 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and the transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh 23 The act also designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana 24 25 Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969 The north eastern states of Manipur Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972 26 Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973 On 16 May 1975 Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union and the state s monarchy was abolished 27 In 1987 Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February followed by Goa on 30 May while erstwhile union territory of Goa Daman and Diu s northern exclaves Damao and Diu became a separate union territory as Daman and Diu 28 In November 2000 three new states were created namely Chhattisgarh from eastern Madhya Pradesh Uttaranchal from northwest Uttar Pradesh renamed Uttarakhand in 2007 and Jharkhand from southern districts of Bihar with the enforcement of Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000 Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2000 and Bihar Reorganisation Act 2000 respectively 29 30 31 32 Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2007 and Orissa was renamed Odisha in 2011 Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north western Andhra Pradesh 33 34 In August 2019 the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act 2019 which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh effective from 31 October 2019 35 Later that year in November the Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu effective from 26 January 2020 36 37 38 Current proposals Main article Proposed states and union territories of IndiaStates and Union territoriesSee also List of state and union territory capitals in India States State ISO Vehiclecode Zone Capital Largest city Statehood Population 2011 citation needed Area km2 Officiallanguages 39 Additional officiallanguages 39 Andhra Pradesh IN AP AP Southern Amaravati Visakhapatnam 1 November 1956 49 506 799 162 975 Telugu Urdu 40 Arunachal Pradesh IN AR AR North Eastern Itanagar 20 February 1987 1 383 727 83 743 English Assam IN AS AS North Eastern Dispur Guwahati 26 January 1950 31 205 576 78 550 Assamese Bengali BodoBihar IN BR BR Eastern Patna 26 January 1950 104 099 452 94 163 Hindi UrduChhattisgarh IN CT CG Central Raipur a 1 November 2000 25 545 198 135 194 Hindi ChhattisgarhiGoa IN GA GA Western Panaji Vasco da Gama 30 May 1987 1 458 545 3 702 Konkani MarathiGujarat IN GJ GJ Western Gandhinagar Ahmedabad 1 May 1960 60 439 692 196 024 Gujarati Haryana IN HR HR Northern Chandigarh Faridabad 1 November 1966 25 351 462 44 212 Hindi Punjabi 41 42 Himachal Pradesh IN HP HP Northern Shimla Summer Dharamshala Winter 43 Shimla 25 January 1971 6 864 602 55 673 Hindi Sanskrit 44 Jharkhand IN JH JH Eastern Ranchi Jamshedpur 15 November 2000 32 988 134 74 677 Hindi Angika Bengali Bhojpuri Bhumij Ho Kharia Khortha Kurmali Kurukh Magahi Maithili Mundari Nagpuri Odia Santali Urdu 45 46 Karnataka IN KA KA Southern Bangalore 1 November 1956 61 095 297 191 791 Kannada Kerala IN KL KL Southern Thiruvananthapuram 1 November 1956 33 406 061 38 863 Malayalam English 47 Madhya Pradesh IN MP MP Central Bhopal Indore 26 January 1950 72 626 809 308 252 Hindi Maharashtra IN MH MH Western Mumbai Summer Nagpur Winter 48 49 Mumbai 1 May 1960 112 374 333 307 713 Marathi Manipur IN MN MN North Eastern Imphal 21 January 1972 2 855 794 22 347 Meitei EnglishMeghalaya IN ML ML North Eastern Shillong 21 January 1972 2 966 889 22 720 English Khasi b Mizoram IN MZ MZ North Eastern Aizawl 20 February 1987 1 097 206 21 081 English Hindi Mizo Nagaland IN NL NL North Eastern Kohima Dimapur 1 December 1963 1 978 502 16 579 English Odisha IN OR OD Eastern Bhubaneswar 26 January 1950 41 974 218 155 820 Odia Punjab IN PB PB Northern Chandigarh Ludhiana 1 November 1966 27 743 338 50 362 Punjabi Rajasthan IN RJ RJ Northern Jaipur 26 January 1950 68 548 437 342 269 Hindi EnglishSikkim IN SK SK North Eastern Gangtok 16 May 1975 610 577 7 096 English Nepali Bhutia Gurung Lepcha Limbu Manggar Mukhia Newari Rai Sherpa TamangTamil Nadu IN TN TN Southern Chennai 1 November 1956 72 147 030 130 058 Tamil EnglishTelangana IN TG TS Southern Hyderabad c 2 June 2014 35 193 978 54 112 077 54 Telugu Urdu 55 Tripura IN TR TR North Eastern Agartala 21 January 1972 3 673 917 10 492 Bengali English Kokborok Uttar Pradesh IN UP UP Central Lucknow 26 January 1950 199 812 341 243 286 Hindi UrduUttarakhand IN UT UK Central Bhararisain Summer Dehradun Winter 56 Dehradun 9 November 2000 10 086 292 53 483 Hindi Sanskrit 57 West Bengal IN WB WB Eastern Kolkata 26 January 1950 91 276 115 88 752 Bengali Nepali d Hindi Odia Punjabi Santali Telugu Urdu Naya Raipur is planned to replace Raipur as the capital city of Chhattisgarh Khasi language has been declared as the Additional Official Language for all purposes in the District Sub Division and Block level offices of the State Government located in the Districts of Khasi Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya Andhra Pradesh was divided into two states Telangana and a residual Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014 50 51 52 Hyderabad located entirely within the borders of Telangana is to serve as the capital for both states for a period of time not exceeding ten years 53 The Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Andhra Pradesh Legislature completed the process of relocating to temporary facilities in the envisaged new capital city Amaravati in early 2017 citation needed Bengali and Nepali are the Official Languages in Darjeeling and Kurseong sub divisions of Darjeeling district Union territories This section is an excerpt from Union territory Current union territories edit Union territory ISO 3166 2 IN Vehiclecode Zone Capital Largest city UT established Population Area km2 Officiallanguages Additional officiallanguagesAndaman and Nicobar Islands IN AN AN Southern Port Blair 1 November 1956 380 581 8 249 Hindi EnglishChandigarh IN CH CH Northern Chandigarh 1 November 1966 1 055 450 114 English Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu IN DH DD Western Daman 26 January 2020 586 956 603 Hindi Gujarati Marathi English Delhi IN DL DL Northern New Delhi Delhi 1 November 1956 16 787 941 1 490 Hindi English Punjabi Urdu 58 Jammu and Kashmir IN JK JK Northern Srinagar Summer 59 60 Jammu Winter 60 61 Srinagar 31 October 2019 12 258 433 42 241 Kashmiri Dogri Urdu Hindi EnglishLadakh IN LA LA Northern Leh Summer Kargil Winter 62 Leh 31 October 2019 290 492 59 146 Hindi EnglishLakshadweep IN LD LD Southern Kavaratti 1 November 1956 64 473 32 Malayalam English Puducherry IN PY PY Southern Puducherry 16 August 1962 1 247 953 492 Tamil English Telugu Malayalam FrenchFormer states and union territoriesFormer states Map State Capital Years Present day state s Ajmer State Ajmer 1950 1956 Rajasthan Andhra State Kurnool 1953 1956 Andhra Pradesh Bhopal State Bhopal 1949 1956 Madhya Pradesh Bilaspur State Bilaspur 1950 1954 Himachal Pradesh Bombay State Bombay 1950 1960 Maharashtra Gujarat and partially Karnataka Coorg State Madikeri 1950 1956 Karnataka East Punjab Shimla 1947 1953 Chandigarh 1953 1966 1947 1966 Punjab Haryana Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh UT Hyderabad State Hyderabad 1948 1956 Telangana and partially Maharashtra and Karnataka Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar Summer Jammu Winter 1952 2019 Jammu and Kashmir UT and Ladakh UT Kutch State Bhuj 1947 1956 Gujarat Madhya Bharat Indore Summer Gwalior Winter 1948 1956 Madhya Pradesh Madras State Madras 1950 1969 Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu and partially Karnataka and Kerala Mysore State Bangalore 1947 1973 Karnataka Patiala and East Punjab States Union Patiala 1948 1956 Punjab and Haryana Saurashtra Rajkot 1948 1956 Gujarat Travancore Cochin Trivandrum 1949 1956 Kerala and partially Tamil Nadu Vindhya Pradesh Rewa 1948 1956 Madhya PradeshFormer union territories This section is an excerpt from Union territory Former union territories edit Map Name Zone Capital Area UT established UT disestablished Now part of Arunachal Pradesh North Eastern Itanagar 83 743 km2 32 333 sq mi 21 January 1972 20 February 1987 As an Indian state Dadra and Nagar Haveli Western Silvassa 491 km2 190 sq mi 11 August 1961 26 January 2020 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory Daman and Diu Western Daman 112 km2 43 sq mi 30 May 1987 26 January 2020 Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory Goa Daman and Diu Western Panaji 3 814 km2 1 473 sq mi 19 December 1961 30 May 1987 Goa state and Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory Himachal Pradesh Northern Shimla 55 673 km2 21 495 sq mi 1 November 1956 25 January 1971 As an Indian state Manipur North Eastern Imphal 22 327 km2 8 621 sq mi 1 November 1956 21 January 1972 As an Indian state Mizoram North Eastern Aizawl 21 087 km2 8 142 sq mi 21 January 1972 20 February 1987 As an Indian state Nagaland North Eastern Kohima 16 579 km2 6 401 sq mi 29 November 1957 1 December 1963 As an Indian state Tripura North Eastern Agartala 10 491 65 km2 4 050 85 sq mi 1 November 1956 21 January 1972 As an Indian stateResponsibilities and authoritiesMain articles Federalism in India Union List State List and Concurrent List The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any State between the Union and that State 63 See alsoAdministrative divisions of India Autonomous administrative divisions of India List of adjectives and demonyms for states and territories of India List of Indian state and union territory name etymologies List of princely states of British India alphabetical List of states and union territories of India by area List of states and union territories of India by population List of states in India by past population List of states of India by wildlife population Proposed states and union territories of IndiaReferences DelhiAugust 5 States and Union Territories Know India Programme Retrieved 21 April 2020 Krishna Reddy 2003 Indian History New Delhi Tata McGraw Hill ISBN 978 0 07 048369 9 Ramesh Chandra Majumdar 1977 Ancient India Motilal Banarsidass Publishers ISBN 978 81 208 0436 4 Romila Thapar 1966 A History of India Part 1 Harmondsworth Penguin Books V D Mahajan 2007 History of medieval India 10th ed New Delhi S Chand pp 121 122 ISBN 978 8121903646 Antonova K A Bongard Levin G Kotovsky G 1979 A History of India Volume 1 Moscow USSR Progress Publishers Gupta Dynasty MSN Encarta Archived from the original on 29 October 2009 India Historical Setting The Classical Age Gupta and Harsha Historymedren about com 2 November 2009 Retrieved 16 May 2010 Nilakanta Sastri K A 2002 1955 A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar New Delhi Indian Branch Oxford University Press p 239 ISBN 978 0 19 560686 7 Chandra Satish Medieval India From Sultanate to the Mughals p 202 Regional states c 1700 1850 Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc Grewal J S 1990 Chapter 6 The Sikh empire 1799 1849 The Sikh empire 1799 1849 The New Cambridge History of India Vol The Sikhs of the Punjab Cambridge University Press Article 1 Constitution of India Archived from the original on 2 April 2012 Map of Madras Presidency in 1909 28 March 2011 Retrieved 15 October 2013 Reorganisation of states PDF Economic Weekly Retrieved 31 December 2015 Dadra and Nagar Haveli Celebrated Its 60th Liberation Day Jagranjosh com 2 August 2013 Retrieved 2 March 2020 Dasgupta Reshmi R 10 August 2019 Dadra and Nagar Haveli When an IAS officer became the instrument of accession The Economic Times Retrieved 2 March 2020 When an IAS Officer Was The Prime Minister of Dadra amp Nagar Haveli Thebetterindia com 28 March 2018 Retrieved 2 March 2020 The Constitution Amendment Archive india gov in Retrieved 2 March 2020 Article 1 Constitution of India Law Ministry GOI Archived from the original on 2 April 2012 Retrieved 31 December 2015 J C Aggarwal S P Agrawal 1995 Uttarakhand Past Present and Future New DElhi Concept Publishing pp 89 90 Nagaland History amp Geography Source india gov in Retrieved 17 June 2013 Himachal Pradesh Tenth Five Year Plan PDF Retrieved 17 June 2013 The Punjab Reorganisation Act 1966 PDF india gov in Retrieved 17 June 2013 State map of India Travel India guide Retrieved 17 June 2013 Snapshot of North Eastern States PDF thaibicindia in Archived from the original PDF on 22 December 2009 Retrieved 17 February 2016 About Sikkim Official website of the Government of Sikkim Archived from the original on 25 May 2009 Retrieved 15 June 2009 Goa Chronology goaonline in Archived from the original on 21 July 2011 Retrieved 17 February 2016 Official Website of Government of Jharkhand Jharkhand gov in Archived from the original on 21 June 2013 Retrieved 17 June 2013 Chhattisgarh state History Cg gov in Archived from the original on 4 July 2010 Retrieved 17 June 2013 Chopra Jasi Kiran 2 January 2007 Uttaranchal is Uttarakhand BJP cries foul The Times of India Archived from the original on 10 May 2013 Retrieved 22 January 2013 About Us Uttarakhand Government Portal India Uk gov in 9 November 2000 Retrieved 17 June 2013 The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2014 PDF Ministry of law and justice Government of India Archived from the original PDF on 8 January 2016 Retrieved 3 March 2014 Telangana bill passed by upper house The Times of India Retrieved 20 February 2014 Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill No XXIX of 2019 PDF Parliament of India 5 August 2019 Retrieved 22 August 2019 Dutta Amrita Nayak 10 July 2019 There will be one UT less as Modi govt plans to merge Dadra amp Nagar Haveli and Daman amp Diu New Delhi The Print Retrieved 22 August 2019 Govt plans to merge 2 UTs Daman and Diu Dadra and Nagar Haveli Devdiscourse Retrieved 26 March 2020 The Dadra And Nagar Haveli And Daman And Diu Merger Of Union Territories Bill PDF Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India 2019 Retrieved 15 December 2020 a b Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities 50th report July 2012 to June 2013 PDF Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities Ministry of Minority Affairs Government of India Archived from the original PDF on 8 July 2016 Retrieved 14 January 2015 Staff Reporter 23 March 2022 Bill recognising Urdu as second official language passed The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Retrieved 8 December 2022 Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi Hindustan Times 28 January 2010 Archived from the original on 3 September 2015 Punjabi gets second language status in Haryana Zee news 28 January 2010 Dharamsala Himachal Pradesh gets its second capital in Dharamsala The Times of India 2 March 2017 Retrieved 26 July 2021 Pratibha Chauhan 17 February 2019 Bill to make Sanskrit second official language of HP passed The Tribune Shimla Archived from the original on 18 February 2019 Retrieved 18 February 2019 Jharkhand gives 2nd language status to Magahi Angika Bhojpuri and Maithali uniindia com Jharkhand notifies Bhumij as second state language The Avenue Mail 5 January 2019 Retrieved 20 April 2022 Kerala Official Languages Act 1969 www bareactslive com Retrieved 20 April 2021 History District Nagpur Government of Maharashtra India Retrieved 26 July 2021 Raghunatha TN 2 June 2018 Monsoon session to start in Maha s winter Capital Nagpur from July 4 Pioneer Retrieved 20 April 2021 Bifurcated into Telangana State and residual Andhra Pradesh State The Times of India 2 June 2014 The Gazette of India The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014 PDF Ministry of Law and Justice Government of India 1 March 2014 Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2014 Retrieved 23 April 2014 The Gazette of India The Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014 Sub section PDF 4 March 2014 Retrieved 23 April 2014 Sanchari Bhattacharya 1 June 2014 Andhra Pradesh Minus Telangana 10 Facts NDTV a b Telangana State Profile Telangana government portal p 34 Retrieved 11 June 2014 Urdu is second official language now The Hindu Special Correspondent 17 November 2017 ISSN 0971 751X Retrieved 6 July 2020 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint others link Bhararisain declared as summer capital of Uttarakhand Times Now 8 June 2020 Retrieved 24 November 2021 Singh Pallavi 19 April 2010 Sanskrit reviving the language in today s India mint Official Language Act 2000 PDF Government of Delhi 2 July 2003 Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 17 July 2015 Srinagar History Life Lakes amp Map Encyclopedia Britannica Archived from the original on 20 August 2021 Retrieved 26 July 2021 a b Jammu and Kashmir Government Puts An End To 149 Year Old Practice Of Darbar Move Outlook India Archived from the original on 26 July 2021 Retrieved 26 July 2021 Jammu History Map amp Facts Encyclopedia Britannica Archived from the original on 6 September 2021 Retrieved 26 July 2021 Excelsior Daily 12 November 2019 LG UT Hqrs Head of Police to have Sectts at both Leh Kargil Mathur Archived from the original on 13 February 2020 Retrieved 17 December 2019 Article 73 broadly stated provides that the executive power of the Union shall extend to the matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws Article 162 similarly provides that the executive power of a State shall extend to the matters with respect to which the Legislature of a State has power to make laws The Supreme Court has reiterated this position when it ruled in the Ramanaiah case that the executive power of the Union or of the State broadly speaking is coextensive and coterminous with its respective legislative power Territoriality of executive powers of states in India Archived 31 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine Balwant Singh Malik Constitutional Law 1998External linksOfficial Government of India website States and Union Territories Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title States and union territories of India amp 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