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Telugu cinema

February 09, 2023

Not to be confused with Cinema of West Bengal, also called Tollywood.

Telugu cinema, also known as Tollywood, is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in Telugu language, widely spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Telugu cinema is based in Film Nagar, Hyderabad, India.[4] The nickname Tollywood is a portmanteau of the words Telugu and Hollywood.[5] By 2021, it has emerged as the largest film industry in India in terms of box-office.[6][7][8]

Since 1909, filmmaker Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was involved in producing short films and travelling to different regions in Asia to promote film work. In 1921, he produced the silent film, Bhishma Pratigna, generally considered to be the first Telugu feature film,[a] and hence, regarded as the Father of Telugu cinema.[15][16][17] In 1933, Sati Savitri directed by Chittajallu Pullayya received an honorary diploma at the 2nd Venice.[18][19]

Known for its big-ticket, and popular film genre catering to wider audience,[20] works such as Pathala Bhairavi (1951) (only South Indian entry at the 1st IFFI),[21][22] Malliswari (1951), Devadasu (1953), Mayabazar (1957), Nartanasala (1963), Maro Charitra (1978), Maa Bhoomi (1979), Sankarabharanam (1980), Sagara Sangamam (1983), and Siva (1989) are featured in CNN-IBN's "100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time".[23]

Ethnographic works such as Mrinal Sen's Oka Oori Katha (1977) won the "Special Jury Prize (Karlovy Vary IFF)";[24][25] K. Viswanath's Sankarabharanam (1980) won the "Prize of the Public" at the Besançon Film Festival of France, and Swathi Muthyam (1986) was India's official entry to the 59th Academy Awards.[26][27] B. Narsing Rao's Maa Ooru (1992) won the "Media Wave Award" of Hungary; Daasi (1988) and Matti Manushulu (1990) won the Diploma of Merit awards at the 16th and 17th MIFF respectively.[28][29][30] K. N. T. Sastry's Thilaadanam (2000) received "New Currents Award" at the 7th Busan;[31][32] Rajnesh Domalpalli's Vanaja (2006) won "Best First Feature Award" at the 57th Berlinale;[33][34]

Pan-Indian works such as S. S. Rajamouli's epic Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (2017) won the American "Saturn Award for Best International Film"[35][36] and the alternate history RRR (2022) gathered the American "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Foreign Language Film",[37] the only Indian films fetching the honors.[38][39]

History

 
Promotional poster of Bhakta Prahlada the first full-length Telugu talkie produced and directed by H. M. Reddy to have a theatrical release.[40]
 
 
 
From left to right: Raghupati Venkayya (father of Telugu cinema), Y. V. Rao (pioneer of cinema during crown rule)[41] and stalwart V. Nagayya known for his method acting.[42]

Early development

The Telugu film industry originated with silent films in 1921, with the production and release of Bhishma Pratigna in 1921.[43] The film was directed by Raghupathi Venkayya and his son R. S. Prakash.[44] Y. V. Rao and R. S. Prakash established a long-lasting precedence of focusing exclusively on religious themes; Nandanar, Gajendra Moksham, and Matsyavatar, three of their most noted productions, centred on religious figures, parables, and morals.[45] The first film studio in South India, Durga Cinetone, was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.[46] In 1935, Andhra Cine Tone was built in Visakhapatnam by Gottumukkala Jagannadha Raju. He introduced digital theater sound with the 1935 film Jagadamba.[47]

Rise of the "talkie"

The first Telugu film with audible dialogue, Bhakta Prahlada, was produced by H.M. Reddy, who directed the first bilingual (Telugu and Tamil) talkie Kalidas (1931). Bhakta Prahlada was completed on 15 September 1931,[48] which henceforth became known as "Telugu Film Day" to commemorate its completion.[49][50][51] Popularly known as talkies, films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity. In 1934, the industry saw its first major commercial success with Lavakusa. Directed by C. Pullaiah and starring Parupalli Subbarao and Sriranjani, the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theatres and thrust the young industry into mainstream culture.[52] By 1936, the mass appeal of film allowed directors to move away from religious and mythological themes.[52] That year, under the direction of Kruthiventi Nageswara Rao, Prema Vijayam, a film focusing on social issues, was released. Its success prompted the production of dozens of other immensely successful 'social films', notably 1939's Vandemataram, touching on societal problems like the practice of giving dowry, Telugu films increasingly focused on contemporary living: 29 of the 96 films released between 1937 and 1947 had social themes.[53]

Cinema during the Crown Rule

In 1938, Gudavalli Ramabrahmam, has co-produced and directed the social problem film, Mala Pilla starring, Kanchanamala, the film dealt with the crusade against untouchability, prevailing in pre-independent India.[54][55] In 1939, he directed Raithu Bidda, starring thespian Bellary Raghava. The film was banned by the British administration in the region, for depicting the uprise of the peasantry among the Zamindar's during the British raj.[56] 1940 film, Viswa Mohini, is the first Indian film, depicting the Indian movie world. The film was directed by Y. V. Rao and scripted by Balijepalli Lakshmikanta Kavi, starring V. Nagayya. Rao subsequently made the sequel films Savithri and Sathyabhama (1941–42) casting thespian Sthanam Narasimha Rao.[57][58]

The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the British Raj to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11,000 feet,[59] a sharp reduction from the 20,000 feet that had been common till then.[60] As a result, the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years. Nonetheless, before the ban, an important shift occurred in the industry: Independent studios formed, actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting whom they could work for, and films moved from social themes to folklore legends.[61] Ghantasala Balaramayya, has directed the mythological Seetarama Jananam under his home production, Prathiba Picture, marking veteran Akkineni Nageswara Rao's Telugu screen debut in 1944.[62]

Classical cinema and Golden Age

Malliswari is the first Telugu film which had a public release with thirteen prints along with Chinese subtitles at Beijing on 14 March 1953, and a 16 mm film print was also screened in the United States.[63][64] The film was directed by B. N. Reddy, a recipient of the Dada Saheb Phalke Award, and the Doctor of Letters honour.[64]

 
 
 
From left to right: A production still of Mayabazar (1957), N. T. Rama Rao in Pathala Bhairavi (1951) the only south Indian film screened at 1st IFFI, Kanta Rao and Raajanala in a folklore combat scene

The industry is one of the largest producers of folklore, fantasy, mythological and melodrama films.[65][66][67] Filmmakers like K. V. Reddy, B. Vittalacharya and Kodi Ramakrishna have pioneered this genre.[68][69] 1956 film Tenali Ramakrishna has garnered the All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film. In 2013, IBN Live's poll cited Mayabazar as the Greatest Indian film of all time.[70]

Relangi, and Ramana Reddy were a comedy double act during this era.[71] Nartanasala won three awards at the third Afro-Asian Film Festival in Jakarta.[72] Donga Ramudu directed by K. V. Reddy was archived in the curriculum of the Film and Television Institute of India.[73] Nammina Bantu received critical reception at the San Sebastián International Film Festival.[74][75] 1967 film Ummadi Kutumbam was selected by Film Federation of India as one of its entries to the Moscow Film Festival.[73][76] The 1968 cult classic Sudigundalu was screened at the Tashkent and Moscow Film Festivals.[77] Bapu's directorial venture Sakshi was showcased at Tashkent International film festival in 1968.[78] In 1976, he directed Sita Kalyanam got critical acclaim at the BFI London Film Festival and Chicago International Film Festival, and is part of the curriculum at British Film Institute.[79][80]

Rise of Tollywood

Moola Narayana Swamy and B. N. Reddy founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in 1948 in the city of Chennai.[81] Indian film doyen L. V. Prasad, who started his film career with Bhakta Prahlada, founded Prasad Studios in 1956 based in Chennai.[82] However, through the efforts of D. V. S. Raju, the Telugu film industry completely shifted its base from Chennai to Hyderabad in the early 1990s, during N. T. Rama Rao's political reign.[83]

 
 
 
From left to right: S. V. Ranga Rao, A. Nageswara Rao, and Savitri

Veteran actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao relocated to Hyderabad and has developed Annapurna Studios. The Telugu film industry is one of the three largest film producers in India. About 245 Telugu films were produced in 2006, the highest in India for that year. Film studios in Hyderabad, developed by D. Ramanaidu and Ramoji Rao, are involved in prolific film production and employment.[84] There is a fair amount of dispersion among the Indian film industries. Since 2005, many successful Telugu films have been largely remade by the Bengali cinema and Hindi film industries, while in the past, Telugu filmmakers drew inspiration from Bengali cinema and literature.[85] Telugu film production accounts for one percent of the gross domestic product of the region.[86][87][88]

The digital cinema network company UFO Moviez marketed by Southern Digital Screenz (SDS) has digitized several cinemas in the region.[89][90] The Film and Television Institute of Telangana, Film and Television Institute of Andhra Pradesh, Ramanaidu Film School and Annapurna International School of Film and Media are some of the largest film schools in India.[91][92] The Telugu states consist of approximately 2800 theaters, the largest number of cinema halls of any state in India.[93] Being commercially consistent, Telugu cinema had its influence over commercial cinema in India.[94]

The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world, Ramoji Film City.[95] The Prasads IMAX located in Hyderabad is one of the largest 3D IMAX screens, and the most attended cinema screen in the world.[96][97][98] As per the CBFC report of 2014, the industry is placed first in India, in terms of films produced yearly.[99] The industry holds a memorandum of understanding with the Motion Picture Association of America to combat video piracy.[100][101][102] In the years 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2014 the industry has produced the largest number of films in India, exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood.[103][84]

1992 film Gharana Mogudu is the first Telugu film to gross over ₹ 10 crore at the box office.[104] Produced on a shoe string budget of ₹1.2 crore 2000 film Nuvve Kavali became sleeper hit of the late 1990s.[105][106] It received an estimated foot fall for 200 days in 20 screens grossing over ₹20 crore.[107][108][109]

Neo Tollywood

 
Hyderabad International Convention Center has been the Hyderabad home for Filmfare Awards South since 2007.[110][111]

Dasari Narayana Rao directed the most number of films in the Telugu language, exploring themes such as aesthestics in Meghasandesam (1982), Battle of Bobbili in the biographical war film Tandra Paparayudu (1986), alternate history with Sardar Papa Rayudu (1980), and gender discrimination in Kante Koothurne Kanu (1998) for which he received the Special Jury Award (Feature Film - Director) at the 46th National Film Awards.[112] K. Raghavendra Rao explored devotional themes with Agni Putrudu (1987), Annamayya (1997), Sri Manjunatha (2001), Sri Ramadasu (2006), Shirdi Sai (2012) and Om Namo Venkatesaya (2017) receiving various state honors.[113]

Singeetam Srinivasa Rao introduced science fiction to the Telugu screen with Aditya 369 (1991), the film dealt with exploratory dystopian and apocalyptic themes.[114] The edge of the seat thriller had characters which stayed human, inconsistent and insecure. The film's narrative takes the audience into the post apocalyptic experience through time travel, as well as folklore generation of 1500 A.D, which including a romantic backstory, the "Time Machine" made it a brilliant work of fiction.[115][116][117]

Ram Gopal Varma's Siva, which attained cult status in Telugu cinema, is one of the first Telugu films produced after the migration of Telugu film industry from Madras to Hyderabad to feature characters speaking the Telangana dialect.[118][119] Varma was credited with the introduction of steadicams and new sound recording techniques in Telugu films.[120] Within a year of the film's release, more than ten steadicams were imported into India.[121] Siva attracted the young audience during its theatrical run, and its success encouraged filmmakers to explore a variety of themes and make experimental Telugu films.[122][123]

 
 
 
 
From left to right: K. Viswanath, B. Narsing Rao, Ram Gopal Varma, S. S. Rajamouli

Subsequently, Varma introduced road movie and film-noir to Indian screen with Kshana Kshanam. Varma experimented with close-to-life performances by the lead actors, which bought a rather fictional storyline a sense of authenticity at a time when the industry was being filled with unnecessary commercial fillers.[124] It went on to gather a cult following in south India,[125] with a dubbed Hindi version titled Hairaan released to positive reports from bollywood critics, the Ann Arbor Film Festival, and the Fribourg Festival.[126][127]

Chiranjeevi's works such as the comedy thriller, Chantabbai, the vigilante thriller, Kondaveeti Donga the first Telugu film to be released on a 70 mm 6-Track Stereophonic sound,[128] the western thriller Kodama Simham, and the action thriller, Gang Leader, popularized genre films with the highest estimated footfall.[129] Reddiff.com cited Sekhar Kammula's, National Award-winning Dollar Dreams (2000) as a take off from where Nagesh Kukunoor's Hyderabad Blues (1998) ends.[130] Dollar Dreams explored the conflict between American dreams and human feelings. The film re-introduced Social realism to Telugu screen, and brought back its lost glory which until then was stuck in its run of the mill commercial pot-boilers.[131]

Vanaja (2006) won several international awards including the first prize in the live-action feature film category at the Chicago International Children's Film Festival.[132] Dream (2012), has garnered the Royal Reel Award at the Canada International Film Festival.[133][134][135] 2013 Social problem film, Naa Bangaaru Talli won Best Film award at the Detroit Trinity International Film Festival.[136][137][138]

Minugurulu (2014) about blind children received Best Indian Film at the "9th India International Children's Film Festival Bangalore".[139] 2013 Cultural film, O Friend, This Waiting! has received special mention at the Erasing Borders Festival of Classical Dance, Indo-American Arts Council, New York, 2013.[140] Experimental film Parampara has garnered the Platinum Award for Best Feature at the International Indonesian Movie Awards.[141] 2018 biographical film Mahanati based on the life of veteran actress Savitri has garnered the "Equality in Cinema Award" at the 2018 Indian Film Festival of Melbourne.[142]

During the 1990s, the Rayalaseema dialect was portrayed in films about the factional conflicts in the area, while the Telangana dialect, already having been pegged to villainous and comedic roles, saw an increase in this usage in reaction to the shift of the Telugu film production from Madras to Hyderabad.[143][144] After the formation of the state of Telangana in 2014, Telangana culture gained more prominence, and more films were produced portraying Telangana culture, and dialect.[145]

Sub-Genres and off beat films

 
Chiranjeevi
 
Nagarjuna
 
Venkatesh
 
Balakrishna
 
Prabhas, and Shraddha Kapoor on the sets of Saaho 2019

Screenwriters such as Chandra Sekhar Yeleti experimented with the off beat film Aithe (2003) with a caption "all movies are not the same". Aithe was made on a shoestring budget of about 1.5 crores and went on to collect more than 6 crores. After almost two years he delivered another thriller Anukokunda Oka Roju (2005) starring Jagapati Babu both films were a refreshing change of pace to the audiences, produced by Gangaraju Gunnam.[146] Aithe was remade in Tamil as Naam (2003) and in Malayalam as Wanted (2004).[147]

Mohana Krishna Indraganti explored the themes of chastity, and adultery in his literary adaption Grahanam (2004) (based on "Gunadosham" by social critic G. V. Chalam).[148][149] Grahanam was shot in 19 days with a digital camera.[150] B. Anuradha of Rediff.com cited "In this offbeat film, Indraganti upholds the tirade against chauvinists who accuse a noble lady of infidelity, ignoring her denials with contempt". The film was featured at the Independent South Asian Film Festival in the United States.[151][150]

Speaking about the centenary of Indian cinema at the CII Media and Entertainment Summit 2012, filmmaker Shekhar Kapur said regional cinema is surpassing Hindi cinema in content and story, and cited Eega (2012) as an example. Kapur said he was impressed with its story and use of technology, and called it "no less than a Hollywood superhero film".[152] Shah Rukh Khan called Eega an "awesomely original" film and a "must watch" with children.[153][154] Eega won the Most Original Film honor at the 8th Toronto After Dark Film Festival.[155]

Sub Genre war drama Kanche (2015) by Krish Jagarlamudi explored the 1944 Nazi attack on the Indian army in the Italian campaign, during World War II in an engrossing background tale of caste-ism while giving it a technically brilliant cinematic rendition.[156] Sankalp Reddy explored submarine warfare in his directorial debut Ghazi (2017), based on the mysterious altercation between PNS Ghazi and INS Karanj during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.[157] Indo-Asian News Service called new-generation film maker Sandeep Vanga's Arjun Reddy the "most original, experimental work to come out of Telugu cinema in a long time", and said the protagonist's (played by Vijay Deverakonda) "rise, fall and rise ... is nothing short of poetic and heart wrenching".[158] Actor-dancer Allu Arjun produced and acted in the short film, I Am That Change (2014), to spread awareness on individual social responsibility. The movie was directed by Sukumar, which was screened in theatres across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana on Indian Independence day, 2014.[159]

Adivi Sesh scripted the Neo-noir Kshanam (2016), based on a real life incident of a missing three-year-old girl.[160] Sesh followed it up writing R.A.W. thriller Goodachari (2018), and the war docudrama Major (2022).[161][162] Cinema Bandi (2022) scripted and directed by Praveen Kandregula, and produced by film making duo Raj and D. K.; explored the theme of how a lost camera fuels dreams in a Telugu hamlet, winning the Jury Special Mention at the 53rd IFFI.[163][164]

Spread to World markets

See also: List of highest-grossing Telugu films and Pan-Indian film
 
Mahesh Babu, and Kajal Aggarwal on the sets of Brahmotsavam 2016

Athadu was released with 6 prints in United States and was distributed by Vishnu Mudda and Soma Kancherla of Crown DVD distribution company in San Jose, Dallas, Detroit, Virginia, New Jersey, Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, Boston, Minneapolis, Phoenix at Arizona and also in centers like Lowell at Massachusetts, MA, Tulsa at Oklahoma, West Virginia, Springfield, Boulder at Colorado and Corpus Christi at South Texas. Because of the demand, another print was imported from India for screening.[165][166] The film's first screening in USA happened at Cine Plaza 13 at North Bergen on the night of 11 August 2005.[167] At Connecticut, a special screening was conducted on 19 August 2005. Initially one show was planned but because of the demand another show was screened. There at the theater, a turn out of 442 people was observed which included standing audience for 434 seats and about 60 could not be accommodated.[168] Apart from USA, the film released in selected screens in United Kingdom, Singapore, Germany and Australia.[166]

Bommarillu was released worldwide with 72 prints. Owing to its success, the number of reels grew to about hundred.[169] It collected a distributors share of ₹5 crore in its opening week in India.[169] Released in six major metros in the United States, the film collected $73,200 (then approximately ₹0.3 crore) within the first four days of screening.[169] A 2006 survey conducted by a popular entertainment portal in the United States revealed that the film was watched by an Indian expatriate population of 65,000, which generated a revenue of ₹3 crore at that time.[170] A cumulative gross revenue for the film was reported to be as ₹25 crore including ₹3.5 crore from overseas, the largest for any Telugu film at that time. Owing to this path breaking trade, the film was remade into Tamil, Bengali, Oriya and Urdu/Hindi.[171]

2006 action film, Pokiri has been remade in Hindi, Tamil and Kannada in the following two years owing to the film's commercial success. It was screened at the IIFA film festival held in Dubai in 2006. [172] Walt Disney Pictures co-produced Anaganaga O Dheerudu, making it the first South Indian production by Disney.[173][174] Dookudu was released among seventy nine screens in the United States, the Los Angeles Times quoted it as The biggest hit you've never heard of.[20][175][176] In the rest of north, east and west India, it opened up in 21 cities.[177] The film set a box office record by collecting a gross of more than ₹1 billion at the time.[178][179]

On 1 June 2022, RRR was screened in over 100 theatres across the United States for a one night event called "#encoRRRe".[180] Speaking to Deadline Hollywood, Dylan Marchetti of Variance Films said that "With more than 250 films coming out of India annually, RRR could be a gateway drug".[181] Nashville Scene's Jason Shawhan wrote about the event that "the nationwide encore of RRR is American audiences reaching with outstretched arms to something so exciting and rock-solid entertaining that its success already happened without insular traditional media even mentioning it. This isn't America dipping a toe in Indian cinema — it's a victory lap".[182][11] Filmmaker S. S. Rajamouli has been signed by American talent agency Creative Artists Agency, owing to RRR being the only non-English-language film to trend globally on Netflix Platform for 10 consecutive weeks.[183]

Cast and crew

 
 
 
 
 
From left to right: Bhanumathi on a postal stamp, Sobhan Babu, Kota Srinivasa Rao, Brahmanandam, and Mohan Babu

V. Nagayya was one of the most influential method actors of Indian cinema during crown rule.[184] Vemuri Gaggaiah, Kalyanam Raghuramaiah, R. Nageswara Rao, C.S.R. Anjaneyulu, Yadavalli Suryanarayana, C. H. Narayana Rao, Mudigonda Lingamurthy etc., are some of the finest method actors during the golden era.[185] S. V. Ranga Rao won Best Actor Award for his portrayal of Kichaka in Nartanasala at the third Afro-Asian Film Festival held in Jakarta.[186][187]

Adurthi Subba Rao, garnered seven National Film Awards, for his pioneering work on drama films.[188] K. N. T. Sastry and Pattabhirama Reddy have garnered international recognition for their works in neo-realistic cinema.[189][190] A. Kutumba Rao is known for directing children's films such as Bhadram Koduko, Thodu, and Paatha Nagaramlo Pasivadu the latter winning Cairo International Film Festival's, Merit Certificate for best feature.[191][192] Jandhyala, and Trivikram Srinivas are known for screwball comedy, and action comedy.[193] A. Sreekar Prasad garnered pan-India recognition for film editing across multiple languages.[194]

Krishnam Raju who made his debut with Chilaka Gorinka (1966) became the first actor to make his debut as a lead actor. Krishna Ghattamaneni is credited with producing many technological firsts such as the first cinemascope film Alluri Seetarama Raju, first 70mm film Simhasanam, first DTS film Telugu Veera Levara (1988) and introducing cowboy and bond movie styles to the Telugu screen.[195] Sharada, Archana, Vijayashanti, Rohini, Keerthy Suresh, P. L. Narayana, and Nagarjuna received the National Film Award for acting. Chiranjeevi, was listed among "The men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema" by IBN-live India.[196][197] Brahmanandam, holds a Guinness World Record for acting in the most films in the same language.[198][199] Vijayachander acted and produced hagiographical films, he esaayed "Jesus of Nazareth" in Karunamayudu (1978), "Sai Baba of Shirdi" in Sri Shirdi Saibaba Mahathyam (1986), "Vemana" in Vemana Charithra (1986), and "Saint Paul" in Dayamayudu (1987).[200]Mohan Babu is starred in more than 500 feature films in a variety of antagonist roles.[201]

Cinematography and visual effects

 
 
From left to right: Cinematographer turned mainstream director Teja at a shooting location, 1994; and Chota K. Naidu on location, 2019

V. N. Reddy, K. S. Prasad, Jaya Gummadi, Sudhakar Yakkanti, and C. Rajendra Prasad garnered pan India recognition for their cinematographic works.[202][203][204] Enhanced technology among live action animation, digital compositing, and special effects paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms. Visual effects based high fantasy works have tasted success.[205] Pete Draper, P. C. Sanath, Chakri Toleti and V. Srinivas Mohan supervise visual effects.[205][206]

Film critics and jury members

Vasiraju Prakasam and K. N. T. Sastry are one of the noted Indian film critics from the region.[207][208] B. S. Narayana was a member of the Indian delegation to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1974, and the Moscow International Film Festival in 1975.[209] Gummadi, served as official member of the Indian delegation from South India to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1978 and 1982.[75] He served as the Jury Member thrice for the 28th, 33rd, and 39th National Film Awards. Chandra Siddhartha served in South Jury at the 57th, 61st and 65th National Film Awards, as well as the 49th IFFI.[210][211]

Film Score

Sri Sri was one of the influential film lyricists of his time, who garnered national honors such as Sahitya Akademi Award, Best Lyricist and Soviet Land Nehru Award for his pioneering work.[212][213]Susarla Dakshinamurthi, Parupalli Ramakrishnaiah Pantulu, Ogirala Ramachandra Rao, Pithapuram Nageswara Rao, Tanguturi Suryakumari, and Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna are some of the influential music composers of Southern Indian cinema.[214][215][216] Music composers such as Pendyala Nageswara Rao, R. Sudarshanam and R. Goverdhanam made contributions to folklore and mythological films.[217][218]

 
 
 
 
From left to right:Ghantasala on an Indian stamp, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki, and P. Susheela

Madhavapeddi Satyam, P. Adinarayana Rao, Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao, Chellapilla Satyam, P. B. Sreenivas, S. P. Kodandapani, G. K. Venkatesh, S. Hanumantha Rao, have contributed their work extensively for films containing themes of social relevance.[219] S.P. Balasubrahmanyam is a multilingual playback singer from Telugu cinema to win National Film Awards across four languages. He holds the record of having recorded more songs than any other male playback singer and has received 25 state Nandi Awards.[220]

S. Rajeswara Rao pioneered the use of light music in Telugu cinema; Rao's most rewarding assignments came from Gemini Studios, which he joined in 1940 and with which he remained for a decade.[221] Ghantasala, performed in the United States, England, and Germany. According to The Hindu, and The Indian Express he was "Such a divine talent and with his songs he could move the hearts of the people. Ghantasala's blending of classical improvisations to the art of light music combined with his virtuosity and sensitivity puts him a class apart, above all others in the field of playback singing".[222][223]

P. Susheela, has been recognized by both the Guinness Book of World Records and the Asia Book of Records for singing most songs in Indian languages.[224] She is also the recipient of five National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer and numerous state awards.[225] Works by S. Janaki, Ramesh Naidu, and M. M. Keeravani, have received national recognition, the later received the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song in 2023 for "Naatu Naatu" from RRR.[226] K. S. Chitra has received highest Nandi awards for best female playback singer. Multi-instrumentalists duo Raj–Koti holds a notable career spanning a decade, the duo has garnered particular acclaim for redefining contemporary music.[227][228] R. P. Patnaik is the current president of the Telugu Cine Music Association.[229]

Nandi Awards

The Nandi Awards is the most prominent government funded award ceremony for excellence in the production of Telugu film, theatre and television. It is presented annually at Lalitha Kala Thoranam in Hyderabad previously,[230] by the Film, Television and Theatre Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh.[231] "Nandi" means "bull", the awards being named after the big granite bull at Lepakshi — a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu culture.

Guinness records

Dubbed films

The 1949 film Keelu Gurram was the first Telugu film to be dubbed into the Tamil language, being subsequently released under the name Maya Kudhirai.[63] According to the Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce, "as per the Judgement of Supreme Court in Ashirwad Films in W.P.(Civil) No.709 there will be no difference in taxation of films between the dubbed films coming in from other states and the films produced in the Telugu States".[241] Aarya movie was later dubbed to Malayalam.

Distribution

The Telugu-speaking areas are broadly divided into three areas for the purposes of Film Distribution, namely, Nizam, Ceded and Andhra. Nizam alone contributes to nearly 45% of the revenue.[242][243]

Telugu film distribution territories

Territory Areas Included
Nizam State of Telangana, along with two districts of Karnataka viz., Raichur and Koppal
Ceded Eight districts of Rayalaseema region along with Bellary of Karnataka and Markapur revenue division of Prakasam district
Uttarandhra Visakhapatnam district, Vizianagaram district, Srikakulam district, Anakapalli district and parts of Alluri Sitharama Raju district
East East Godavari district, Kakinada district, Konaseema district, Yanam district of Puducherry and parts of Alluri Sitharama Raju district
West West Godavari district, Parts of Eluru district
Krishna Krishna district, NTR district, Parts of Eluru district
Guntur Guntur district, Bapatla district, Palnadu district and Ongole revenue division of Prakasam district
Nellore Nellore district and Kandukur revenue division of Prakasam district
Karnataka State of Karnataka excluding districts of Raichur, Koppal and Bellary, along with Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu State of Tamil Nadu excluding Krishnagiri district and Puducherry (excluding Yanam district)
Kerala State of Kerala
ROI Rest of India including the Hindi Belt

Apart from the above, there is also an emerging Overseas territory, especially United States which accounts for a significant amount of revenue.[244]

Awards

National Film Award for Best Feature Film

2023 golden globes RRR

National Film Award for Best Popular Film

Dadasaheb Phalke awardees

Year Recipient Note(s)
1974 B. N. Reddy[246] Director and producer
1980 Paidi Jairaj[246] Actor and producer
1982 L. V. Prasad[246] Director and producer
1986 B. Nagi Reddy[246] Producer
1990 Akkineni Nageswara Rao[246] Actor
2009 D. Ramanaidu[246] Producer
2016 K. Viswanath[247] Director and actor

State awards

Other major film awards

Regional awards

Studios

Major Filmmaking studios

Visual effects and animation studios

See also

Notes

  1. ^ [9][10][11][12][13][14]

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Further reading

  • Shohini Chaudhuri (2005). Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia. Edinburgh University Press. p. 149. ISBN 0-7486-1799-X.
  • Gokulsing, K.; Moti Gokulsing, Wimal (2004). Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change. Trentham Books. p. 132. ISBN 1-85856-329-1.
  • Arnold, Alison (2000). "Pop Music and Audio-Cassette Technology: Southern Area – Film music". The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-8240-4946-1.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Telugu cinema.

February 09, 2023
telugu, cinema, confused, with, cinema, west, bengal, also, called, tollywood, also, known, tollywood, segment, indian, cinema, dedicated, production, motion, pictures, telugu, language, widely, spoken, states, andhra, pradesh, telangana, based, film, nagar, h. Not to be confused with Cinema of West Bengal also called Tollywood Telugu cinema also known as Tollywood is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in Telugu language widely spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Telugu cinema is based in Film Nagar Hyderabad India 4 The nickname Tollywood is a portmanteau of the words Telugu and Hollywood 5 By 2021 it has emerged as the largest film industry in India in terms of box office 6 7 8 Telugu cinemaNo of screens2809 screens in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India 1 Main distributorsSuresh ProductionsVyjayanthi MoviesDVV EntertainmentsAnnapurna StudiosGeetha ArtsArka Media WorksSri Venkateswara CreationsPrasad Art PicturesMythri Movie MakersProduced feature films 2017 3 Total294Since 1909 filmmaker Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was involved in producing short films and travelling to different regions in Asia to promote film work In 1921 he produced the silent film Bhishma Pratigna generally considered to be the first Telugu feature film a and hence regarded as the Father of Telugu cinema 15 16 17 In 1933 Sati Savitri directed by Chittajallu Pullayya received an honorary diploma at the 2nd Venice 18 19 Known for its big ticket and popular film genre catering to wider audience 20 works such as Pathala Bhairavi 1951 only South Indian entry at the 1st IFFI 21 22 Malliswari 1951 Devadasu 1953 Mayabazar 1957 Nartanasala 1963 Maro Charitra 1978 Maa Bhoomi 1979 Sankarabharanam 1980 Sagara Sangamam 1983 and Siva 1989 are featured in CNN IBN s 100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time 23 Ethnographic works such as Mrinal Sen s Oka Oori Katha 1977 won the Special Jury Prize Karlovy Vary IFF 24 25 K Viswanath s Sankarabharanam 1980 won the Prize of the Public at the Besancon Film Festival of France and Swathi Muthyam 1986 was India s official entry to the 59th Academy Awards 26 27 B Narsing Rao s Maa Ooru 1992 won the Media Wave Award of Hungary Daasi 1988 and Matti Manushulu 1990 won the Diploma of Merit awards at the 16th and 17th MIFF respectively 28 29 30 K N T Sastry s Thilaadanam 2000 received New Currents Award at the 7th Busan 31 32 Rajnesh Domalpalli s Vanaja 2006 won Best First Feature Award at the 57th Berlinale 33 34 Pan Indian works such as S S Rajamouli s epic Baahubali 2 The Conclusion 2017 won the American Saturn Award for Best International Film 35 36 and the alternate history RRR 2022 gathered the American Critics Choice Movie Award for Best Foreign Language Film 37 the only Indian films fetching the honors 38 39 Contents 1 History 1 1 Early development 1 2 Rise of the talkie 1 3 Cinema during the Crown Rule 2 Classical cinema and Golden Age 3 Rise of Tollywood 4 Neo Tollywood 4 1 Sub Genres and off beat films 5 Spread to World markets 6 Cast and crew 6 1 Cinematography and visual effects 6 2 Film critics and jury members 6 3 Film Score 7 Nandi Awards 8 Guinness records 9 Dubbed films 10 Distribution 10 1 Telugu film distribution territories 11 Awards 11 1 National Film Award for Best Feature Film 11 2 National Film Award for Best Popular Film 12 Studios 13 See also 14 Notes 15 References 16 Further reading 17 External linksHistory Edit Promotional poster of Bhakta Prahlada the first full length Telugu talkie produced and directed by H M Reddy to have a theatrical release 40 From left to right Raghupati Venkayya father of Telugu cinema Y V Rao pioneer of cinema during crown rule 41 and stalwart V Nagayya known for his method acting 42 Early development Edit The Telugu film industry originated with silent films in 1921 with the production and release of Bhishma Pratigna in 1921 43 The film was directed by Raghupathi Venkayya and his son R S Prakash 44 Y V Rao and R S Prakash established a long lasting precedence of focusing exclusively on religious themes Nandanar Gajendra Moksham and Matsyavatar three of their most noted productions centred on religious figures parables and morals 45 The first film studio in South India Durga Cinetone was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry Andhra Pradesh 46 In 1935 Andhra Cine Tone was built in Visakhapatnam by Gottumukkala Jagannadha Raju He introduced digital theater sound with the 1935 film Jagadamba 47 Rise of the talkie Edit The first Telugu film with audible dialogue Bhakta Prahlada was produced by H M Reddy who directed the first bilingual Telugu and Tamil talkie Kalidas 1931 Bhakta Prahlada was completed on 15 September 1931 48 which henceforth became known as Telugu Film Day to commemorate its completion 49 50 51 Popularly known as talkies films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity In 1934 the industry saw its first major commercial success with Lavakusa Directed by C Pullaiah and starring Parupalli Subbarao and Sriranjani the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theatres and thrust the young industry into mainstream culture 52 By 1936 the mass appeal of film allowed directors to move away from religious and mythological themes 52 That year under the direction of Kruthiventi Nageswara Rao Prema Vijayam a film focusing on social issues was released Its success prompted the production of dozens of other immensely successful social films notably 1939 s Vandemataram touching on societal problems like the practice of giving dowry Telugu films increasingly focused on contemporary living 29 of the 96 films released between 1937 and 1947 had social themes 53 Cinema during the Crown Rule Edit In 1938 Gudavalli Ramabrahmam has co produced and directed the social problem film Mala Pilla starring Kanchanamala the film dealt with the crusade against untouchability prevailing in pre independent India 54 55 In 1939 he directed Raithu Bidda starring thespian Bellary Raghava The film was banned by the British administration in the region for depicting the uprise of the peasantry among the Zamindar s during the British raj 56 1940 film Viswa Mohini is the first Indian film depicting the Indian movie world The film was directed by Y V Rao and scripted by Balijepalli Lakshmikanta Kavi starring V Nagayya Rao subsequently made the sequel films Savithri and Sathyabhama 1941 42 casting thespian Sthanam Narasimha Rao 57 58 The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the British Raj to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11 000 feet 59 a sharp reduction from the 20 000 feet that had been common till then 60 As a result the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years Nonetheless before the ban an important shift occurred in the industry Independent studios formed actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting whom they could work for and films moved from social themes to folklore legends 61 Ghantasala Balaramayya has directed the mythological Seetarama Jananam under his home production Prathiba Picture marking veteran Akkineni Nageswara Rao s Telugu screen debut in 1944 62 Classical cinema and Golden Age EditMalliswari is the first Telugu film which had a public release with thirteen prints along with Chinese subtitles at Beijing on 14 March 1953 and a 16 mm film print was also screened in the United States 63 64 The film was directed by B N Reddy a recipient of the Dada Saheb Phalke Award and the Doctor of Letters honour 64 From left to right A production still of Mayabazar 1957 N T Rama Rao in Pathala Bhairavi 1951 the only south Indian film screened at 1st IFFI Kanta Rao and Raajanala in a folklore combat scene The industry is one of the largest producers of folklore fantasy mythological and melodrama films 65 66 67 Filmmakers like K V Reddy B Vittalacharya and Kodi Ramakrishna have pioneered this genre 68 69 1956 film Tenali Ramakrishna has garnered the All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film In 2013 IBN Live s poll cited Mayabazar as the Greatest Indian film of all time 70 Relangi and Ramana Reddy were a comedy double act during this era 71 Nartanasala won three awards at the third Afro Asian Film Festival in Jakarta 72 Donga Ramudu directed by K V Reddy was archived in the curriculum of the Film and Television Institute of India 73 Nammina Bantu received critical reception at the San Sebastian International Film Festival 74 75 1967 film Ummadi Kutumbam was selected by Film Federation of India as one of its entries to the Moscow Film Festival 73 76 The 1968 cult classic Sudigundalu was screened at the Tashkent and Moscow Film Festivals 77 Bapu s directorial venture Sakshi was showcased at Tashkent International film festival in 1968 78 In 1976 he directed Sita Kalyanam got critical acclaim at the BFI London Film Festival and Chicago International Film Festival and is part of the curriculum at British Film Institute 79 80 Rise of Tollywood EditMoola Narayana Swamy and B N Reddy founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in 1948 in the city of Chennai 81 Indian film doyen L V Prasad who started his film career with Bhakta Prahlada founded Prasad Studios in 1956 based in Chennai 82 However through the efforts of D V S Raju the Telugu film industry completely shifted its base from Chennai to Hyderabad in the early 1990s during N T Rama Rao s political reign 83 From left to right S V Ranga Rao A Nageswara Rao and Savitri Veteran actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao relocated to Hyderabad and has developed Annapurna Studios The Telugu film industry is one of the three largest film producers in India About 245 Telugu films were produced in 2006 the highest in India for that year Film studios in Hyderabad developed by D Ramanaidu and Ramoji Rao are involved in prolific film production and employment 84 There is a fair amount of dispersion among the Indian film industries Since 2005 many successful Telugu films have been largely remade by the Bengali cinema and Hindi film industries while in the past Telugu filmmakers drew inspiration from Bengali cinema and literature 85 Telugu film production accounts for one percent of the gross domestic product of the region 86 87 88 The digital cinema network company UFO Moviez marketed by Southern Digital Screenz SDS has digitized several cinemas in the region 89 90 The Film and Television Institute of Telangana Film and Television Institute of Andhra Pradesh Ramanaidu Film School and Annapurna International School of Film and Media are some of the largest film schools in India 91 92 The Telugu states consist of approximately 2800 theaters the largest number of cinema halls of any state in India 93 Being commercially consistent Telugu cinema had its influence over commercial cinema in India 94 The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world Ramoji Film City 95 The Prasads IMAX located in Hyderabad is one of the largest 3D IMAX screens and the most attended cinema screen in the world 96 97 98 As per the CBFC report of 2014 the industry is placed first in India in terms of films produced yearly 99 The industry holds a memorandum of understanding with the Motion Picture Association of America to combat video piracy 100 101 102 In the years 2005 2006 2008 and 2014 the industry has produced the largest number of films in India exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood 103 84 1992 film Gharana Mogudu is the first Telugu film to gross over 10 crore at the box office 104 Produced on a shoe string budget of 1 2 crore 2000 film Nuvve Kavali became sleeper hit of the late 1990s 105 106 It received an estimated foot fall for 200 days in 20 screens grossing over 20 crore 107 108 109 Neo Tollywood Edit Hyderabad International Convention Center has been the Hyderabad home for Filmfare Awards South since 2007 110 111 Dasari Narayana Rao directed the most number of films in the Telugu language exploring themes such as aesthestics in Meghasandesam 1982 Battle of Bobbili in the biographical war film Tandra Paparayudu 1986 alternate history with Sardar Papa Rayudu 1980 and gender discrimination in Kante Koothurne Kanu 1998 for which he received the Special Jury Award Feature Film Director at the 46th National Film Awards 112 K Raghavendra Rao explored devotional themes with Agni Putrudu 1987 Annamayya 1997 Sri Manjunatha 2001 Sri Ramadasu 2006 Shirdi Sai 2012 and Om Namo Venkatesaya 2017 receiving various state honors 113 Singeetam Srinivasa Rao introduced science fiction to the Telugu screen with Aditya 369 1991 the film dealt with exploratory dystopian and apocalyptic themes 114 The edge of the seat thriller had characters which stayed human inconsistent and insecure The film s narrative takes the audience into the post apocalyptic experience through time travel as well as folklore generation of 1500 A D which including a romantic backstory the Time Machine made it a brilliant work of fiction 115 116 117 Ram Gopal Varma s Siva which attained cult status in Telugu cinema is one of the first Telugu films produced after the migration of Telugu film industry from Madras to Hyderabad to feature characters speaking the Telangana dialect 118 119 Varma was credited with the introduction of steadicams and new sound recording techniques in Telugu films 120 Within a year of the film s release more than ten steadicams were imported into India 121 Siva attracted the young audience during its theatrical run and its success encouraged filmmakers to explore a variety of themes and make experimental Telugu films 122 123 From left to right K Viswanath B Narsing Rao Ram Gopal Varma S S Rajamouli Subsequently Varma introduced road movie and film noir to Indian screen with Kshana Kshanam Varma experimented with close to life performances by the lead actors which bought a rather fictional storyline a sense of authenticity at a time when the industry was being filled with unnecessary commercial fillers 124 It went on to gather a cult following in south India 125 with a dubbed Hindi version titled Hairaan released to positive reports from bollywood critics the Ann Arbor Film Festival and the Fribourg Festival 126 127 Chiranjeevi s works such as the comedy thriller Chantabbai the vigilante thriller Kondaveeti Donga the first Telugu film to be released on a 70 mm 6 Track Stereophonic sound 128 the western thriller Kodama Simham and the action thriller Gang Leader popularized genre films with the highest estimated footfall 129 Reddiff com cited Sekhar Kammula s National Award winning Dollar Dreams 2000 as a take off from where Nagesh Kukunoor s Hyderabad Blues 1998 ends 130 Dollar Dreams explored the conflict between American dreams and human feelings The film re introduced Social realism to Telugu screen and brought back its lost glory which until then was stuck in its run of the mill commercial pot boilers 131 Vanaja 2006 won several international awards including the first prize in the live action feature film category at the Chicago International Children s Film Festival 132 Dream 2012 has garnered the Royal Reel Award at the Canada International Film Festival 133 134 135 2013 Social problem film Naa Bangaaru Talli won Best Film award at the Detroit Trinity International Film Festival 136 137 138 Minugurulu 2014 about blind children received Best Indian Film at the 9th India International Children s Film Festival Bangalore 139 2013 Cultural film O Friend This Waiting has received special mention at the Erasing Borders Festival of Classical Dance Indo American Arts Council New York 2013 140 Experimental film Parampara has garnered the Platinum Award for Best Feature at the International Indonesian Movie Awards 141 2018 biographical film Mahanati based on the life of veteran actress Savitri has garnered the Equality in Cinema Award at the 2018 Indian Film Festival of Melbourne 142 During the 1990s the Rayalaseema dialect was portrayed in films about the factional conflicts in the area while the Telangana dialect already having been pegged to villainous and comedic roles saw an increase in this usage in reaction to the shift of the Telugu film production from Madras to Hyderabad 143 144 After the formation of the state of Telangana in 2014 Telangana culture gained more prominence and more films were produced portraying Telangana culture and dialect 145 Sub Genres and off beat films Edit Chiranjeevi Nagarjuna Venkatesh Balakrishna Prabhas and Shraddha Kapoor on the sets of Saaho 2019 Screenwriters such as Chandra Sekhar Yeleti experimented with the off beat film Aithe 2003 with a caption all movies are not the same Aithe was made on a shoestring budget of about 1 5 crores and went on to collect more than 6 crores After almost two years he delivered another thriller Anukokunda Oka Roju 2005 starring Jagapati Babu both films were a refreshing change of pace to the audiences produced by Gangaraju Gunnam 146 Aithe was remade in Tamil as Naam 2003 and in Malayalam as Wanted 2004 147 Mohana Krishna Indraganti explored the themes of chastity and adultery in his literary adaption Grahanam 2004 based on Gunadosham by social critic G V Chalam 148 149 Grahanam was shot in 19 days with a digital camera 150 B Anuradha of Rediff com cited In this offbeat film Indraganti upholds the tirade against chauvinists who accuse a noble lady of infidelity ignoring her denials with contempt The film was featured at the Independent South Asian Film Festival in the United States 151 150 Speaking about the centenary of Indian cinema at the CII Media and Entertainment Summit 2012 filmmaker Shekhar Kapur said regional cinema is surpassing Hindi cinema in content and story and cited Eega 2012 as an example Kapur said he was impressed with its story and use of technology and called it no less than a Hollywood superhero film 152 Shah Rukh Khan called Eega an awesomely original film and a must watch with children 153 154 Eega won the Most Original Film honor at the 8th Toronto After Dark Film Festival 155 Sub Genre war drama Kanche 2015 by Krish Jagarlamudi explored the 1944 Nazi attack on the Indian army in the Italian campaign during World War II in an engrossing background tale of caste ism while giving it a technically brilliant cinematic rendition 156 Sankalp Reddy explored submarine warfare in his directorial debut Ghazi 2017 based on the mysterious altercation between PNS Ghazi and INS Karanj during the Indo Pakistani War of 1971 157 Indo Asian News Service called new generation film maker Sandeep Vanga s Arjun Reddy the most original experimental work to come out of Telugu cinema in a long time and said the protagonist s played by Vijay Deverakonda rise fall and rise is nothing short of poetic and heart wrenching 158 Actor dancer Allu Arjun produced and acted in the short film I Am That Change 2014 to spread awareness on individual social responsibility The movie was directed by Sukumar which was screened in theatres across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana on Indian Independence day 2014 159 Adivi Sesh scripted the Neo noir Kshanam 2016 based on a real life incident of a missing three year old girl 160 Sesh followed it up writing R A W thriller Goodachari 2018 and the war docudrama Major 2022 161 162 Cinema Bandi 2022 scripted and directed by Praveen Kandregula and produced by film making duo Raj and D K explored the theme of how a lost camera fuels dreams in a Telugu hamlet winning the Jury Special Mention at the 53rd IFFI 163 164 Spread to World markets EditSee also List of highest grossing Telugu films and Pan Indian film Mahesh Babu and Kajal Aggarwal on the sets of Brahmotsavam 2016 Sets of Baahubali series at Ramoji Film City Athadu was released with 6 prints in United States and was distributed by Vishnu Mudda and Soma Kancherla of Crown DVD distribution company in San Jose Dallas Detroit Virginia New Jersey Atlanta Chicago Los Angeles Boston Minneapolis Phoenix at Arizona and also in centers like Lowell at Massachusetts MA Tulsa at Oklahoma West Virginia Springfield Boulder at Colorado and Corpus Christi at South Texas Because of the demand another print was imported from India for screening 165 166 The film s first screening in USA happened at Cine Plaza 13 at North Bergen on the night of 11 August 2005 167 At Connecticut a special screening was conducted on 19 August 2005 Initially one show was planned but because of the demand another show was screened There at the theater a turn out of 442 people was observed which included standing audience for 434 seats and about 60 could not be accommodated 168 Apart from USA the film released in selected screens in United Kingdom Singapore Germany and Australia 166 Bommarillu was released worldwide with 72 prints Owing to its success the number of reels grew to about hundred 169 It collected a distributors share of 5 crore in its opening week in India 169 Released in six major metros in the United States the film collected 73 200 then approximately 0 3 crore within the first four days of screening 169 A 2006 survey conducted by a popular entertainment portal in the United States revealed that the film was watched by an Indian expatriate population of 65 000 which generated a revenue of 3 crore at that time 170 A cumulative gross revenue for the film was reported to be as 25 crore including 3 5 crore from overseas the largest for any Telugu film at that time Owing to this path breaking trade the film was remade into Tamil Bengali Oriya and Urdu Hindi 171 2006 action film Pokiri has been remade in Hindi Tamil and Kannada in the following two years owing to the film s commercial success It was screened at the IIFA film festival held in Dubai in 2006 172 Walt Disney Pictures co produced Anaganaga O Dheerudu making it the first South Indian production by Disney 173 174 Dookudu was released among seventy nine screens in the United States the Los Angeles Times quoted it as The biggest hit you ve never heard of 20 175 176 In the rest of north east and west India it opened up in 21 cities 177 The film set a box office record by collecting a gross of more than 1 billion at the time 178 179 On 1 June 2022 RRR was screened in over 100 theatres across the United States for a one night event called encoRRRe 180 Speaking to Deadline Hollywood Dylan Marchetti of Variance Films said that With more than 250 films coming out of India annually RRR could be a gateway drug 181 Nashville Scene s Jason Shawhan wrote about the event that the nationwide encore of RRR is American audiences reaching with outstretched arms to something so exciting and rock solid entertaining that its success already happened without insular traditional media even mentioning it This isn t America dipping a toe in Indian cinema it s a victory lap 182 11 Filmmaker S S Rajamouli has been signed by American talent agency Creative Artists Agency owing to RRR being the only non English language film to trend globally on Netflix Platform for 10 consecutive weeks 183 Cast and crew Edit From left to right Bhanumathi on a postal stamp Sobhan Babu Kota Srinivasa Rao Brahmanandam and Mohan Babu V Nagayya was one of the most influential method actors of Indian cinema during crown rule 184 Vemuri Gaggaiah Kalyanam Raghuramaiah R Nageswara Rao C S R Anjaneyulu Yadavalli Suryanarayana C H Narayana Rao Mudigonda Lingamurthy etc are some of the finest method actors during the golden era 185 S V Ranga Rao won Best Actor Award for his portrayal of Kichaka in Nartanasala at the third Afro Asian Film Festival held in Jakarta 186 187 Adurthi Subba Rao garnered seven National Film Awards for his pioneering work on drama films 188 K N T Sastry and Pattabhirama Reddy have garnered international recognition for their works in neo realistic cinema 189 190 A Kutumba Rao is known for directing children s films such as Bhadram Koduko Thodu and Paatha Nagaramlo Pasivadu the latter winning Cairo International Film Festival s Merit Certificate for best feature 191 192 Jandhyala and Trivikram Srinivas are known for screwball comedy and action comedy 193 A Sreekar Prasad garnered pan India recognition for film editing across multiple languages 194 Krishnam Raju who made his debut with Chilaka Gorinka 1966 became the first actor to make his debut as a lead actor Krishna Ghattamaneni is credited with producing many technological firsts such as the first cinemascope film Alluri Seetarama Raju first 70mm film Simhasanam first DTS film Telugu Veera Levara 1988 and introducing cowboy and bond movie styles to the Telugu screen 195 Sharada Archana Vijayashanti Rohini Keerthy Suresh P L Narayana and Nagarjuna received the National Film Award for acting Chiranjeevi was listed among The men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema by IBN live India 196 197 Brahmanandam holds a Guinness World Record for acting in the most films in the same language 198 199 Vijayachander acted and produced hagiographical films he esaayed Jesus of Nazareth in Karunamayudu 1978 Sai Baba of Shirdi in Sri Shirdi Saibaba Mahathyam 1986 Vemana in Vemana Charithra 1986 and Saint Paul in Dayamayudu 1987 200 Mohan Babu is starred in more than 500 feature films in a variety of antagonist roles 201 Cinematography and visual effects Edit From left to right Cinematographer turned mainstream director Teja at a shooting location 1994 and Chota K Naidu on location 2019 V N Reddy K S Prasad Jaya Gummadi Sudhakar Yakkanti and C Rajendra Prasad garnered pan India recognition for their cinematographic works 202 203 204 Enhanced technology among live action animation digital compositing and special effects paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms Visual effects based high fantasy works have tasted success 205 Pete Draper P C Sanath Chakri Toleti and V Srinivas Mohan supervise visual effects 205 206 Film critics and jury members Edit Vasiraju Prakasam and K N T Sastry are one of the noted Indian film critics from the region 207 208 B S Narayana was a member of the Indian delegation to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1974 and the Moscow International Film Festival in 1975 209 Gummadi served as official member of the Indian delegation from South India to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1978 and 1982 75 He served as the Jury Member thrice for the 28th 33rd and 39th National Film Awards Chandra Siddhartha served in South Jury at the 57th 61st and 65th National Film Awards as well as the 49th IFFI 210 211 Film Score Edit Sri Sri was one of the influential film lyricists of his time who garnered national honors such as Sahitya Akademi Award Best Lyricist and Soviet Land Nehru Award for his pioneering work 212 213 Susarla Dakshinamurthi Parupalli Ramakrishnaiah Pantulu Ogirala Ramachandra Rao Pithapuram Nageswara Rao Tanguturi Suryakumari and Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna are some of the influential music composers of Southern Indian cinema 214 215 216 Music composers such as Pendyala Nageswara Rao R Sudarshanam and R Goverdhanam made contributions to folklore and mythological films 217 218 From left to right Ghantasala on an Indian stamp S P Balasubrahmanyam S Janaki and P Susheela Madhavapeddi Satyam P Adinarayana Rao Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao Chellapilla Satyam P B Sreenivas S P Kodandapani G K Venkatesh S Hanumantha Rao have contributed their work extensively for films containing themes of social relevance 219 S P Balasubrahmanyam is a multilingual playback singer from Telugu cinema to win National Film Awards across four languages He holds the record of having recorded more songs than any other male playback singer and has received 25 state Nandi Awards 220 S Rajeswara Rao pioneered the use of light music in Telugu cinema Rao s most rewarding assignments came from Gemini Studios which he joined in 1940 and with which he remained for a decade 221 Ghantasala performed in the United States England and Germany According to The Hindu and The Indian Express he was Such a divine talent and with his songs he could move the hearts of the people Ghantasala s blending of classical improvisations to the art of light music combined with his virtuosity and sensitivity puts him a class apart above all others in the field of playback singing 222 223 P Susheela has been recognized by both the Guinness Book of World Records and the Asia Book of Records for singing most songs in Indian languages 224 She is also the recipient of five National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer and numerous state awards 225 Works by S Janaki Ramesh Naidu and M M Keeravani have received national recognition the later received the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song in 2023 for Naatu Naatu from RRR 226 K S Chitra has received highest Nandi awards for best female playback singer Multi instrumentalists duo Raj Koti holds a notable career spanning a decade the duo has garnered particular acclaim for redefining contemporary music 227 228 R P Patnaik is the current president of the Telugu Cine Music Association 229 Nandi Awards EditThe Nandi Awards is the most prominent government funded award ceremony for excellence in the production of Telugu film theatre and television It is presented annually at Lalitha Kala Thoranam in Hyderabad previously 230 by the Film Television and Theatre Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh 231 Nandi means bull the awards being named after the big granite bull at Lepakshi a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu culture Guinness records EditGuinness Record had been awarded to Ramoji Film City Hyderabad as the largest film studio complex in the world it opened in 1996 and measures 674 hectares 1 666 acres With 47 sound stages it has permanent sets ranging from railway stations to temples 95 232 D Rama Naidu holds the Guinness World Record as the most prolific producer with 130 films 233 Dasari Narayana Rao holds the Guinness World Record as the most films directed with 151 films 234 Brahmanandam holds the Guinness World Record for acting in the most films in a single language 1000 films 198 199 235 S P Balasubrahmanyam holds the Guinness World Record for having sung the most songs for any male playback singer in the world 236 237 238 with the majority of his songs sung in Telugu In 2002 the Guinness Book of Records named Vijaya Nirmala as the female director with the most films having made 47 films In a career spanning approximately two decades she has acted in over 200 films with 25 each in Malayalam and Tamil and produced 15 films 239 In 2016 P Susheela entered the Guinness Book of World Records for recording the highest number of songs in musical history 240 Dubbed films EditThe 1949 film Keelu Gurram was the first Telugu film to be dubbed into the Tamil language being subsequently released under the name Maya Kudhirai 63 According to the Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce as per the Judgement of Supreme Court in Ashirwad Films in W P Civil No 709 there will be no difference in taxation of films between the dubbed films coming in from other states and the films produced in the Telugu States 241 Aarya movie was later dubbed to Malayalam Distribution EditThe Telugu speaking areas are broadly divided into three areas for the purposes of Film Distribution namely Nizam Ceded and Andhra Nizam alone contributes to nearly 45 of the revenue 242 243 Telugu film distribution territories Edit Territory Areas IncludedNizam State of Telangana along with two districts of Karnataka viz Raichur and KoppalCeded Eight districts of Rayalaseema region along with Bellary of Karnataka and Markapur revenue division of Prakasam districtUttarandhra Visakhapatnam district Vizianagaram district Srikakulam district Anakapalli district and parts of Alluri Sitharama Raju districtEast East Godavari district Kakinada district Konaseema district Yanam district of Puducherry and parts of Alluri Sitharama Raju districtWest West Godavari district Parts of Eluru districtKrishna Krishna district NTR district Parts of Eluru districtGuntur Guntur district Bapatla district Palnadu district and Ongole revenue division of Prakasam districtNellore Nellore district and Kandukur revenue division of Prakasam districtKarnataka State of Karnataka excluding districts of Raichur Koppal and Bellary along with Krishnagiri district of Tamil NaduTamil Nadu State of Tamil Nadu excluding Krishnagiri district and Puducherry excluding Yanam district Kerala State of KeralaROI Rest of India including the Hindi BeltApart from the above there is also an emerging Overseas territory especially United States which accounts for a significant amount of revenue 244 Awards EditNational Film Award for Best Feature Film Edit 2023 golden globes RRR Year Film Producer Note s 2015 Baahubali The Beginning Shobu Yarlagadda National Film Award for Best Feature Film1992 Bhagavad Gita T Subbarami Reddy National Film Award for Best Feature Film1963 Nartanasala Lakshmi Rajyam National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film 245 1956 Tenali Ramakrishna B S Ranga All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film 22 National Film Award for Best Popular Film Edit Year Film Director Producer1979 Sankarabharanam K Viswanath Edida Nageswara Rao1989 Geethanjali Mani Ratnam Bhagyalakshmi Enterprises2016 Sathamanam Bhavati Satish Vegesna V Venkata Ramana Reddy2017 Baahubali 2 The Conclusion S S Rajamouli Shobu YarlagaddaPrasad Devineni2019 Maharshi Vamshi Paidipally Sri Venkateswara CreationsDadasaheb Phalke awardees Year Recipient Note s 1974 B N Reddy 246 Director and producer1980 Paidi Jairaj 246 Actor and producer1982 L V Prasad 246 Director and producer1986 B Nagi Reddy 246 Producer1990 Akkineni Nageswara Rao 246 Actor2009 D Ramanaidu 246 Producer2016 K Viswanath 247 Director and actorState awardsNandi Awards Raghupathi Venkaiah Award NTR National Award B N Reddy National Award S V Ranga Rao Award for Best Character Actor Akkineni Award for Best Home viewing Feature Film Nagi Reddy Chakrapani National AwardOther major film awardsFilmfare Awards South IIFA Utsavam South Indian International Movie AwardsRegional awards Sangam Academy Award Chittoor Nagayya Puraskaram CineMAA Awards Allu Rama Lingaiah Award Gollapudi Srinivas Award B Nagi Reddy Wholesome Entertainment Film 248 Tollywood GAAMA Awards Gemini Ugadi Puraskaralu Hyderabad Times Film Awards Vamsee Berkely Awards Akruti Film Awards FNCC Awards Andhra Pradesh Film Journalist s Association Awards Santosham Film Awards T Subbarami Reddy Award 249 ANR National Award Sakshi Excellence AwardsStudios EditMajor Filmmaking studiosRamanaidu Studios Saradhi Studios Ramakrishna Studios Padmalaya Studios Annapurna Studios Ramoji Film CityVisual effects and animation studiosPrasad EFX Magic in motion Pixelloid Studios Fire Fly Creative Studios 250 251 Makuta VFX 252 See also EditList of Indian winners and nominees of the Academy Awards List of Indian winners and nominees of the Golden Globe Awards List of highest grossing Indian films List of South Indian film families List of silent films from South IndiaNotes Edit 9 10 11 12 13 14 References Edit Statewise Number of Single Screens Film Federation of India Archived from the original on 12 September 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to Telugu cinema Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Telugu cinema amp oldid 1137867457, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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