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Margi language

January 01, 1970

Margi, also known as Marghi and Marghi Central, is a Chadic language (a branch of Afroasiatic) spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad. It is perhaps the best described of the Biu–Mandara branch of that family. Marghi South language and Putai are closely related and sometimes considered dialects of Margi.

Margi
Native toNigeria
RegionAdamawa, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe State
EthnicityMargi people
Native speakers
240,000 (2020)[1]
Latin, Arabic (Ajami)
Language codes
ISO 639-3mrt
Glottologmarg1265
Ethnic territories of the Marghi-speaking people in Nigeria (pinkish red)
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

There are several kinds of Marghi language, including Madube, Izge, Lassa, Gulak, Damboa, Mulgwai, Uba and Sukur.

Every kind of these languages were spoken different type of the language and were from different places.

Phonology edit

Vowels edit

Front Central Back
High (i) ɨ (u)
Mid (ɛ) (ɔ)
Low a

According to Maddieson (1987), Margi is noted for having a vertical vowel system, with only two phonemic vowels, /ɨ/ and /a/, in native vocabulary. Loan words also distinguish /ɛ/ and /o/.

Consonants edit

Margi has a large consonant inventory, with a number of labialised consonants and typologically infrequent speech sounds such as a labiodental flap. Hoffmann (1963) describes 84 consonantal phonemes, a very large number compared to that of most languages. This system, with a great number of non-click consonants, compares to that of the Caucasian language Ubykh, having the largest inventory of any language without clicks. However, Hoffmann's list of consonants includes all sequences of consonant clusters occurring in onsets in the language. Many of these clusters have since been analysed as sequences, such as /pt/ and /bz/.[2] If labialized consonants are counted separately, there are 66 consonants that remain in the analysis, and 54 if it is interpreted as a /Cw/ sequence.

The velar /ɣ/ may be closer to an approximant [ɰ].[3] The closely related language Bura is similar but has a palatalised lateral series as well. /ⱱ/ is used in mimesis rather than in lexical vocabulary. The glottalised consonants /ɓ̰ ɓ̰ʷ ɗ̰/ have been described as either creaky voiced or implosive; according to Maddieson, they are evidently both, as in Hausa.[4]

The sequences that Hoffmann included in his consonant inventory are all labial–coronal:

ps [fs], pɬ, pç [fç], pt, pts, ptʃ, mpt, mpts, mptʃ, bz [vz], bɮ, (bʝ [vʝ]), bd, bdz, bdʒ, mbd, mbdz, mbdʒ, ɓ̰ɗ̰, mn[5]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Margi at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)  
  2. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 344. ISBN 0-631-19815-6. Labial coronal consonants are excedingly rare in the languages the world.
  3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 165. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
  4. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 85. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
  5. ^ There may be a few others, such as pɬ~mɬ, mʃ~mtʃ.

External links edit

Further reading edit

  • Hoffmann, C. 1963. A Grammar of the Margi Language. Oxford University Press for International African Institute, London.
  • Maddieson, I. 1987. "The Margi vowel system and labiocoronals." Studies in African Linguistics, vol. 18, No. 3, Dec. 1987.

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January 01, 1970
margi, language, margi, also, known, marghi, marghi, central, chadic, language, branch, afroasiatic, spoken, nigeria, cameroon, chad, perhaps, best, described, mandara, branch, that, family, marghi, south, language, putai, closely, related, sometimes, consider. Margi also known as Marghi and Marghi Central is a Chadic language a branch of Afroasiatic spoken in Nigeria Cameroon and Chad It is perhaps the best described of the Biu Mandara branch of that family Marghi South language and Putai are closely related and sometimes considered dialects of Margi MargiNative toNigeriaRegionAdamawa Borno Gombe Taraba and Yobe StateEthnicityMargi peopleNative speakers240 000 2020 1 Language familyAfro Asiatic ChadicBiu MandaraBura HigiBura A 2 MargiWriting systemLatin Arabic Ajami Language codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code mrt class extiw title iso639 3 mrt mrt a Glottologmarg1265Ethnic territories of the Marghi speaking people in Nigeria pinkish red This article contains IPA phonetic symbols Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Unicode characters For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA There are several kinds of Marghi language including Madube Izge Lassa Gulak Damboa Mulgwai Uba and Sukur Every kind of these languages were spoken different type of the language and were from different places Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Vowels 1 2 Consonants 2 See also 3 References 4 External links 5 Further readingPhonology editVowels edit Front Central Back High i ɨ u Mid ɛ ɔ Low a According to Maddieson 1987 Margi is noted for having a vertical vowel system with only two phonemic vowels ɨ and a in native vocabulary Loan words also distinguish ɛ and o Consonants edit Margi has a large consonant inventory with a number of labialised consonants and typologically infrequent speech sounds such as a labiodental flap Hoffmann 1963 describes 84 consonantal phonemes a very large number compared to that of most languages This system with a great number of non click consonants compares to that of the Caucasian language Ubykh having the largest inventory of any language without clicks However Hoffmann s list of consonants includes all sequences of consonant clusters occurring in onsets in the language Many of these clusters have since been analysed as sequences such as pt and bz 2 If labialized consonants are counted separately there are 66 consonants that remain in the analysis and 54 if it is interpreted as a Cw sequence Consonants Labial Dental Alveolar Post alveolar Palatal Velar Labio velar Glottal sibilant lateral plain lab plain lab plain lab plain lab Nasal m mʷ n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ Plosive voiceless p pʷ t tʷ ts tʃ c k kʷ ʔ voiced b bʷ d dz dʒ ɟ ɡ ɡʷ glot implosive ɓ ɓ ʷ ɗ prenasal vl ᵐp ⁿt ⁿtʷ ⁿts ⁿtsʷ ⁿtʃ ᶮc ᵑk ᵑkʷ prenasal vd ᵐb ᵐbʷ ⁿd ⁿdz ⁿdʒ ᶮɟ ᵑɡ ᵑɡʷ Fricative voiceless f fʷ s sʷ ɬ ɬʷ ʃ c x ʍ voiced v vʷ z ɮ ʒ ʝ ɣ Approximant central l j w glottalized j w Vibrant ⱱ r The velar ɣ may be closer to an approximant ɰ 3 The closely related language Bura is similar but has a palatalised lateral series as well ⱱ is used in mimesis rather than in lexical vocabulary The glottalised consonants ɓ ɓ ʷ ɗ have been described as either creaky voiced or implosive according to Maddieson they are evidently both as in Hausa 4 The sequences that Hoffmann included in his consonant inventory are all labial coronal ps fs pɬ pc fc pt pts ptʃ mpt mpts mptʃ bz vz bɮ bʝ vʝ bd bdz bdʒ mbd mbdz mbdʒ ɓ ɗ mn 5 See also editMarghi South Marghi WestReferences edit Margi at Ethnologue 25th ed 2022 nbsp Ladefoged Peter Maddieson Ian 1996 The Sounds of the World s Languages Oxford Blackwell p 344 ISBN 0 631 19815 6 Labial coronal consonants are excedingly rare in the languages the world Ladefoged Peter Maddieson Ian 1996 The Sounds of the World s Languages Oxford Blackwell p 165 ISBN 0 631 19815 6 Ladefoged Peter Maddieson Ian 1996 The Sounds of the World s Languages Oxford Blackwell p 85 ISBN 0 631 19815 6 There may be a few others such as pɬ mɬ mʃ mtʃ External links editFurther reading editHoffmann C 1963 A Grammar of the Margi Language Oxford University Press for International African Institute London Maddieson I 1987 The Margi vowel system and labiocoronals Studies in African Linguistics vol 18 No 3 Dec 1987 The template below Biu Mandara languages is being considered for merging See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus This article about a Biu Mandara language is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This Nigeria related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Margi language amp oldid 1135274359, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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