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List of countries' copyright lengths

December 02, 2023

Copyright is the right to copy and publish a particular work. The terms "copy" and "publish" are quite broad. They include copying in electronic form, the making of translated versions, the creation of a television program based on the work, and putting the work on the Internet. A work is protected by copyright if it is a literary or artistic work. This general expression covers almost all products of creative and original effort. Copyright protects only the specific expression of an idea, not the idea itself. A collection of facts may be copyrighted if there was creative activity involved in compiling the collection. Several countries provide separate protection for collections of facts that qualify as "databases", but that provision is not considered copyright. Copyright protection is automatic upon creation of the work. In some countries, registration with a copyright office has additional benefits, such as the ability to sue, or to receive more money in damages. When a work's copyright term ends, the work passes into the public domain.

Worldwide map of copyright term length

Berne Convention edit

 
Signatory states of the Berne Convention

The Berne Convention stipulates that the duration of the term for copyright protection is the life of the author plus at least 50 years after their death. For some categories of works, the minimum duration is shorter: for example, the minimum term for applied art is 25 years, movies have a minimum term of 50 years. Most countries have opted for a longer term of protection, as permitted.

Under the Convention, the duration of copyright depends on the length of the author's life. Berne specifies that copyright exists a minimum of 50 years after the author's death, while a number of countries, including the European Union and the United States, have extended that to 70 years after the author's death. A small number of countries have extended copyright even further, with Mexico having the lengthiest term at 100 years after the author's death.

United States edit

In 1989, the Berne Convention became effective in the U.S. Since that date, U.S. authors obtain copyright on their works automatically, with registration no longer required. However, many U.S. texts on copyright have not been updated and still echo the old registration principle.

Copyright registration remains available in the U.S. To initiate a lawsuit against an infringer, registration is still required. Registration offers the potential of statutory damages from the infringer, rather than only actual damages.[clarification needed]

European Union edit

All countries within the European Union are signatory states of the Berne Convention. Additionally, Copyright in the European Union is regulated through European Directives.

The member states of the European Union have, following a directive, increased the term to life of the author plus 70 years after their death. Although this was not the original intention, the extension applies retroactively; this had the effect that works that had ended up in the public domain because the author was dead for 50 years, received an additional twenty years of protection.

European countries follow the principle that copyright protection is granted automatically upon creation of the work. This principle was first established in the Berne Convention (1886), and Article 5 of the Convention expressly forbids any member country to require formal action for copyright protection.

Copyright duration by country edit

Countries and respective copyright terms, with length of standard copyright in years are listed. Entries for non-country entities are included: the European Union, Berne Convention, and the Universal Copyright Convention, which set minimum terms for their member states or signatories. The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), though not included, requires a copyright length of at least 50 years after death.

Legend edit

  • 0, no copyright = Not copyrighted
  • Life + xx years = Copyrighted for authors' lifetime plus xx years after their deaths
  • xx years after publication, creation, etc. = copyrighted for xx years since publication, creation, etc., of works
  • Until year end = Copyrighted until the end of a calendar year, i.e. 31 December, unless otherwise specified
  • Berne = Country has signed the Berne Convention, see Berne in the "Countries, ..." column
  • TRIPS = The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property (IP) regulation as applied to nationals of other WTO Members. This also indicates that this country has at least a minimum of 50 years after the death of the creator until the copyright expires.
  • WCT = The World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty, (WIPO Copyright Treaty or WCT), is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 1996.

Table of copyright duration by country edit

Countries, areas, and entities Copyright terms based on authors' deaths[a] Copyright terms based on publication and creation dates[a] Until year end?
  Afghanistan Life + 50 years[1] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[1]


50 years from publication (published after authors' deaths)[1]
50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[1]
50 years from publication (photographic, painting works)[1]
50 years from creation (phonogram)[1]

 Yes (Afghan calendar)[1]
  Albania Life + 70 years[2]: Art. 17  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[2]: Art. 18 


70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (photographic or audiovisual work of joint authorship)[3]
25 years from production (works of applied art)[2]: Art. 20 

 Yes[2]: Art. 21 
  Algeria Life + 50 years (except posthumous work)[4]: Art. 54  50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (collective work, anonymous or pseudonymous work, audiovisual work, posthumous work)[4]: Arts. 56–58, 60 

50 years from creation (photographs or the work of applied art)[4]: Art. 59 

 Yes[4]: Arts. 54, 56–58, 60 
  Andorra Life + 70 years[b][5]: Art. 18(1), (4)  70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (collective work with unknown authorship)[5]: Art. 18(3) 

70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[5]: Art. 18(5) 

 Yes[5]: Art. 18(8) 
  Angola Life + 50 years[6]


Life + 25 years (photographic works or applied arts)[6]

 Yes[6]
  Anguilla Life + 50 years[7] 50 years from the death of the author, of the last surviving author for works with more than one author.[7]
  Antigua and Barbuda Life + 50 years[8][9]: s. 10(1)  50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work, computer generated work, sound recording or film)[9]: s. 10(2), (4), 11(1) 


50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[9]: s. 12(1) 
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[9]: s. 13 

 Yes[9]: s. 10(1), 10(2), (4), 11(1), 12(1), 13 
  Argentina Life + 70 years[10]: Art. 5  50 years from publication (anonymous intellectual works belonging to institutions, corporations or legal persons)[10]: Art. 8  Phonograms: 70 years from first publication.[11][12][13][14] Photographs: 20 years from first publication.[15] Cinematographic works: 50 years after death of the last survivor among the producer, the director, the screenplay writer or the composer (for musical comedies).[15] Yes[10]: Art. 5 
  Armenia Life + 70 years[16]: Art. 37  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[16]: Art. 37  Yes[16]: Art. 37 
  Aruba Life + 50 years[17](wikisource)
  Australia (including external territories) Life + 70 years[18]: s. 33 


[Life + 50 years (death before 1955)][19]

 70 years from publication (sound recordings, cinematograph films)[18]: s. 93, 94 


50 years after making (television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[18]: s. 95 
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[18]: s. 96 
[50 years from publication (photographs, no longer applicable since 1 January 2005)][19]

 Yes[18]: ss. 93–96 [19]
  Austria Life + 70 years[c][20]: § 60, 62 [21] 70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[20]: § 61  Yes[20]: § 64 
  Azerbaijan Life + 70 years (except posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[22]: Art. 25  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work; posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[22]: Art. 25, 26  Yes[22]: Art. 25, 26 
  Bahamas Berne (The Berne Convention states that all works except photographic and cinematographic shall be copyrighted for at least 50 years after the author's death, but parties are free to provide longer terms)
  Bahrain Life + 50 calendar years (except posthumous work)[23]: Art. 31(1)  50 calendar years from publication (cinematographic films, applied arts works and photographs; anonymous or pseudonymous works; corporate works; posthumous works)[23]: Art. 31(2)(a–d) 

40 years from publication or 50 years from completion, whichever is shorter (computer software)[23]: Art. 31(3) 
  Bangladesh Life + 60 years or Publication + 60 years[24]: s. 24  60 years from publication (cinematographic films,[24]: s. 26  sound recordings,[24]: s. 27  photographs,[24]: s. 28  computer programmes[24]: s. 28A  or works of the Government, local authority or an international organisation[24]: ss. 30–32 ) Yes[24]: s. 24, 26, 27, 28, 28A, ss. 30–32 
  Barbados Life + 50 years[25][26]: s. 10(1)  50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[26]: s. 10(3) 


50 years from making (computer-generated work)[26]: s. 10(4) 
50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (sound recordings and films)[26]: s. 11 
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[26]: s. 12 
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[26]: s. 13 

 Yes[26]: ss. 10–13 
  Belarus Life + 50 years[27]: Art. 22(1)  50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[27]: Art. 22(2) 


50 years from fixation (performance)[27]: Art. 38(1) 
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from fixation (phonogram)[27]: Art. 38(2) 
50 years from the first broadcast or cable transmission[27]: Art. 38(3) 

 Yes[27]: Arts. 22(4), 38(4) 
  Belgium Life + 70 years[28] Yes[28]
  Belize Life + 50 years[29] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[29]
50 years from publication (sound recording or film)[29]
50 years from publication (computer-generated work)[29]		 Yes
  Benin Life + 50 years
  Bermuda Life + 50 years[30]
Berne Convention signatories Life + 50 years[31]


Signatories may grant longer terms.[32]

 50 years from publication or if not shown 50 years from creation (cinematographic works)[33]


50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[34]
25 years from creation (photographic works)[35]
Signatories may grant longer terms.[32]

 Yes[36]
  Bhutan Life + 50 years[37]
  Bolivia Life + 50 years[38]
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Life + 70 years[39]
  Botswana Berne, TRIPS, WCT[40]
  Brazil Life + 70 years(economical rights) Economical rights

Publication+70 years(audiovisual and photograpical works)

Publication+70 years (anonymous and pseudonymous works)

Neighboring rights

Creation+70 years(phonograms,transmission for the broadcasts of broadcasting organization, and public performance in other cases.)

Others

Publication+50 years,if unpublished creation+50 years(computer programs)

Yes[41]: arts. 41, 44 
  British Indian Ocean Territory Life + 70 Years
  British Virgin Islands Life + 70 Years
  Brunei Life + 50 years[42]
  Bulgaria Life + 70 years (EU)[43]
  Burkina Faso Life + 70 years[44]
  Burundi Life + 50 years

[45]

 50 years from publication (phonograms)[45]
  Cambodia Life + 50 years[46]
  Cameroon Life + 50 years[47]
  Canada Life + 70 years (except certain posthumous works)[48][49]


[Life + 50 years (death before 1972)]

75 years from publication or 100 years from creation, whichever is shorter (anonymous works). There is no revival of copyright in any work in which the copyright had expired before the coming into force in January 2023 of the extension of the term of copyright from 50 to 70 years.


50 years from publication (certain posthumous works)[50]

 Yes[50]
  Cape Verde Life + 50 years[3]
  Cayman Islands unknown
  Central African Republic Berne, TRIPS
  Chad Berne, TRIPS
  Chile Life + 70 years[51]
  China (mainland only) Life + 50 years (citizens' works)[52]: para. 1  50 years from publication, or if unpublished, 50 years from creation (works of legal entities, cinematographic works, films or photographic works)[52]: paras. 2–3  Yes[52]
  Colombia Life + 80 years[53]: Art. 21  80 years from publication (cinematographic works)[53]: Art. 37  Yes[53]: Art. 28 
  Comoros Berne
  Congo, Democratic Republic of the Life + 50 years[54]: Art. 74  25 years from publication (photograph works).[54]: Art. 77 
50 years from publication (anonymous, pseudonymous or posthumous work)[54]: Art. 75 		 Yes[54]: Art. 76 
  Congo, Republic of the Life + 50 years[55] 25 years from creation (photographic work and work of applied art)[55]: Art. 65 
  Costa Rica Life + 70 years[56]
  Côte d'Ivoire Life + 70 years (except posthumous works published within this period)[57]: Art. 45(1)  70 years from publication (photographic or audiovisual works or works of applied art; anonymous or pseudonymous works; posthumous works)[57]: Art. 45(3)(a–c)  Yes[57]: Art. 45 
  Croatia Life + 70 years[58]
  Cuba Life + 50 years
  Curaçao Life + 50 years[59]
  Cyprus Life + 70 years
(EU, WCT)[60]
  Czech Republic Life + 70 years[61]: Art. 27(1)  70 years from publication (anonymous works)[61]: Art. 27(3)  Yes[61]: Art. 27(7) 
  Denmark Life + 70 years[62][d]
  Djibouti Life + 50 years [64]: Art. 12  For a cinematographic work, 50 years from the date when the work was made lawfully accessible to the public with the author's consent.[64]: Art. 15 
For a photographic work or work of applied art, 25 years from the production of the work[64]: Art. 16 		 Yes[64]: Art. 12 
  Dominica Life + 70 years[65]
  Dominican Republic Life + 70 years[66]
  Ecuador Life + 70 years[67]
  Egypt Life + 50 years[68]
  El Salvador Life + 50 years[69]
  Equatorial Guinea Life + 80 years.[70][71] However, there are additional expiration rules in Article 38 of the Main Equatorial Guinea Intellectual Property Law which may affect this.
  Eritrea Life + 0 years but at least 50 years since publication, whichever is longer (except posthumous works)[72]: Art. 1653, 1670  50 years since publication (posthumous works)[72]: Art. 1672 
  Estonia Life + 70 years (EU)[73]: § 38(1)  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[73]: § 40  Yes[73]: § 43 
  Ethiopia Life + 50 years[74]
  European Union Members Life + 70 years[75]: Art. 1 (1)  Anonymous or pseudonymous works only: "70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public" (Art.1(3)). Protection ends if the work is not made available within 70 years from creation. (Art.1(6)).[75]: Art. 1 (3), (6)  Yes[75]: Art. 8 (1) 
  Fiji Life + 50 years[76]
  Finland Life + 70 years[77] 50 years from publication (sound recordings, television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[78]: Arts. 46, 48 

50 years from creation (photographic works)[78]: Art. 49a 

 Yes[78]: Art. 43 
  France Life + 70 years (except posthumous works published after this term)[e][79]: Arts. L123-1, L123-2 

The following additions to copyright term formerly applied to all works, but the French Cour de Cassation has found them to be superseded by later copyright treaties, thus limiting the copyright term to life + 70 years total, at least for non-musical works of authors who did not "die for France".[80]

+ 6 years 152 days for musical work published through 1920[79]: Art. L123-8 
+ 8 years and 120 days for musical work published through 1947[79]: Art. L123-9 
+ 30 years for all works if the author died on active service[79]: Art. L123-10 

 70 years from publication (pseudonymous, anonymous or collective works)[79]: Art. L123-3 

25 years from publication (posthumous works published after Art. L123-1 term)[79]: L123-4 

 Yes[79]: Arts. L123-1, L123-3, L123-4, 
but not Arts. L123-8 or L123-9 
  Gabon Berne, TRIPS, WCT
  Gambia Life + 50 years[81]
  Georgia Life + 70 years[82]
  Germany Life + 70 years[83] 25 years from first publication or first public performance if copyright has expired before such publication or performance, or if the work has never been protected in Germany and the author died more than 70 years before the first publication[84] Yes[85]
  Ghana Life + 70 years[86]
  Greece Life + 70 years[f][87]: Arts. 29, 31(3)  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[87]: Art. 31(1)  Yes[87]: Arts. 29, 31 
  Grenada Berne, TRIPS[88]
  Guatemala Life + 75 years[89]: Art. 43  75 years from publication or if unpublished 75 years from creation (computer programs and collective works; anonymous or pseudonymous works; audiovisual works)[89]: Arts. 44, 45, 47  Yes[89]: Art. 48 
  Guinea TRIPS, WCT
  Guinea-Bissau Berne, TRIPS
  Guyana Life + 50 years[90]
  Haiti Berne, TRIPS[91]
  Honduras Life + 75 years[92] 70 years from publication or, if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works of applied art and photographs)[93] Yes[93]
  Hong Kong[g] Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with known authorship)[94]: s. 17(2) 


Life + 50 years (films)[94]: s. 19 [h]

 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with unknown authorship)[94]: s. 17(3) 


50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recordings)[95]: s. 18 
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[95]: s. 20 
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of published editions)[95]: s. 21 

 Yes[95]: s. 17, 18, 20, 21 
  Hungary Life + 70 years[96]: s. 31(1)(2) 


If there are multiple authors, life of last surviving author + 70 years[96]: s. 31(4) 

 70 years and shall be counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of the work in case the person of the author is unknown. However, should the author become known during this period of time, the term of protection shall be counted from the first day of the year following the death of the author.[96]: s. 31(3) 

70 years counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of a collective work or a cinematographic creation.[96]: s. 31(5)(6) 
25 years from the first day of the year following the first disclosure if copyright protection of a scope consistent with the author's economic rights shall be due to the person who, following the expiration of the term of protection or the period of time determined in the term of protection shall be counted from a date other than the first day of the year following the death of the author, the author dying last, or the joint author, discloses according to the law a work previously not disclosed to the public.[96]: s. 31(7), 32 
As an exception expressions of folklore themselves do not, however, enjoy copyright protection in Hungary.[96]: s. 1(7) 

 Yes[96]: s. 31(2) 
  Iceland Life + 70 years[97]
  India[98] Life + 60 years (except posthumous works)[i][99]: s. 22  60 years from publication (posthumous works, photographs, cinematograph films, sound recordings, works of public undertakings, and works of international organisations)[99]: ss. 24–27, 28A, 29  Yes[99]: ss. 22, 24–27, 28A, 29 
  Indonesia Life + 70 years[100] 70 years from the author's death for books, musics, etc.
50 years after publication for cinematography, photograph, etc.[100]
  Iran Life + 50 years[101] 30 years from publication (photographic or cinematographic works)[102]
  Iraq Life + 50 years[103] 5 years from publication (photographic works)[104]
  Ireland Life + 70 years[105] Yes
  Israel Life + 70 years[106] 50 years from publication (photographs created until May 2007)[107] Yes[108]
  Italy Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][109]: Art. 25 		 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[109]: Art. 27 

20 years from publication (copyright of State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character)

Yes[109]: s. 25, s. 32ter 
  Jamaica[110] Life + 95 years
(for authors that died in 1962 or later)[111]

Life + 50 years (for authors that died before 1962) [112]

: s. 10(1) 

 95 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, work for hire)[112]: s. 10(2), s. 13A 


95 years from creation (computer-generated work, broadcast, cable programme)[112]: s. 10(4), 12(1) 
95 years from publication or if unpublished 95 years from creation (sound recording or film)[112]: s. 11 
50 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[112]: s. 13 

 Yes[112]: s. 10, 11, 12, 13 
  Japan Life + 70 years[113][114]: Art. 51(2)  70 years from publication, or if unpublished, 70 years from creation (cinematographic works)[114]: Art. 54(1) 

70 years from publication, or if unpublished, 70 years from creation (works of a legal person or other corporate body)[115][114]: Art. 53(1) 

 Yes[114]: Art. 57 
  Jordan Life + 50 years[116]
  Kazakhstan Life + 50 years[117]
  Kenya Life + 50 years (literary, musical or artistic work other than photographs)[118]: s. 23(2)1  50 years from the latest of creation or publication (audio-visual works and photographs)[118]: s. 23(2)  Yes[118]: s. 23 
  Kiribati Life + 50 years[81]
  Kosovo Life + 70 years[119] Yes
  North Korea Life + 50 years[120] Works authored by "an institution, enterprise or organization", 50 years from publication[120]
  South Korea Life + 70 years (amended on 2011-06-30)[121]: Art. 39  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[121]: Art. 40 

70 years from publication, or if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works made for hire, cinematographic works)[121]: Art. 41 

 Yes[121]: Art. 44 
  Kuwait TRIPS[122]
  Kyrgyzstan Life + 50 years[123]
  Laos Life + 50 years[j] 50 years after making available. Also:
• Anonymous/pseudonymous work: 50 years from the date the work was made available to the public;
• Cinematographic work: 50 years from making available, failing that, 50 years from making;
• Applied art: 25 years from date of creation.

Related: Performances, phonograms, broadcasts: 50 years since the date of performance, fixation, and broadcast, respectively.

  Latvia Life + 70 years[126]: Art. 36 
[Life + 50 years][127]		 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[128] Yes[126]: Art. 38 
  Lebanon Life + 50 years[129] 50 years after lawful publication; failing publication, 50 years after work completion. Also:
• economic rights: 50 years from performance.
• moral rights: perpetual
• broadcasters' rights: 20 years after first broadcasting.[130]
  Lesotho Life + 50 years[81]
  Liberia Life + 50 years[131]
  Libya Life + 25 years with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may have changed since)
  Liechtenstein Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][132]
  Lithuania Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][133]
  Luxembourg Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][134]
  Macau[g] Life + 50 years[135]: Art. 21(1)  50 years from publication (anonymous works)[135]: Art. 23 


50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[135]: Art. 106 
25 years from completion (works of applied art)[135]: Art. 148 

 Yes[135]: Art. 21(3) 
  Madagascar Life + 70 years[136]
  Malawi Life + 50 years[137]
  Malaysia[138] Life + 50 years (literary, musical and artistic works, not posthumous)[139]: s. 17(1)  50 years after publication (posthumous work, published edition, film, live performance)[139]: s. 17(2), s. 18, s. 22, s. 23A 

50 years after publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous, pseudonymous work, sound recording, broadcast, film)[139]: s. 17(3), s. 19 
50 years after being made (broadcast)[139]: s. 20 

 Yes[139]: s. 17(2), (3), s. 18, s. 19, s. 20, s. 22, s. 23A 
  Maldives Life + 50 years[140]
  Mali Life + 50 years[141]
  Malta Life + 70 years[142] Yes[142]
  Marshall Islands 0, no copyright.[k][143][144] At this stage the Republic of Marshall Islands is not member to any international convention [or treaty] on copyright[145] Instead applies a non-copyright-based protection regime. 0, no copyright.[k] Instead applies a non-copyright-based protection regime.
  Mauritania Berne, TRIPS
  Mauritius Life + 50 years[146]
  Mexico Life + 100 years (effective 23 July 2003 non-retroactively)[147]


[Life + 75 years (before the law change on 23 July 2003, applicable for deaths before 23 July 1928)][148]
[Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 January 1994, applicable for deaths before 1 January 1944)][149]
  • 75 years from the first fixation of the recording or the first performance/recording of the performance, respectively.
  • 50 years from first publication of the book, the first fixation of the recording, or the first broadcast.
 Yes (Gregorian calendar)
  Micronesia Life + 50 years[150]
  Moldova Life + 70 years[151]
  Monaco Life + 50 years[152]
  Mongolia Life + 50 years[153]
  Montenegro[l] Life + 70 years[154]
  Morocco Life + 50 years[155] 70 years after a work's lawful publication; if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the making, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's communication to the public; if no lawful communication to the public has taken place within 50 years of the making, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work is made; and

moral rights last perpetually.

70 years for Performers' rights, if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the performance, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's first performance.

70 years for Broadcasters' rights: if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the work's creation, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's creation.[156]
  Mozambique Life + 70 years[157]
  Myanmar TRIPS
  Namibia Life + 50 years (except posthumous works)[158]: s. 3(2)(a)  50 years from publication (posthumous works)[158]: s. 3(2)(a) 

50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematograph films, photographs and computer programs)[158]: s. 3(2)(b) 

 Yes[158]: s. 3 
  Nauru Life + 50 years[159][160]: s. 2(3), s. 3(4)  50 years after publication (sound recordings,[159][160]: s. 12(3)  cinematograph films[159][160]: s. 13(3)(b)  (except for newsreels, or if registered under the Cinematograph Films Act 1938),[159][160]: Second  television and sound broadcasts,[159][160]: s. 14(2)  photographs,[159][160]: s. 3(4)(b)  engravings,[159][160]: s. 3(4)(a)  posthumous literary, dramatic and musical works[159][160]: s. 2(3)  and anonymous literary, dramatic and musical works)[159][160]: Second Schedule 

25 years after publication (published editions of literary, dramatic or musical works)[159][160]: s. 15(2) 
50 years after occurrence of event (newsreels)[159][160]: s. 13(8) 
50 years after death of last author to die (works of joint authorship)[159][160]: Third Schedule 

 Yes[159][160]
    Nepal Life + 50 years 25 years from creation (applied art and photographic work)[161]
  Netherlands Life + 70 years[162] 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, corporate works with no listed natural author)[163]

25 years from publication (works first published more than 70 years after the death of the author)[164]

 Yes[165]
  Caribbean Netherlands Life + 50 years[166]
  New Zealand Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work)[167]: s. 22(1)  50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[167]: s. 22(2)  Yes[167]: s. 22 
  Nicaragua Life + 70 years[168]
  Niger Life + 50 years[169]
  Nigeria Life + 70 years (literary, musical or artistic works other than photographs)[170] 70 years from publication (literary, musical or non-photograph artistic works in the case of government or a body corporate)


50 years from publication (cinematograph films and photographs)
50 years from publication (sound recordings)
50 years from publication (broadcasts)[170]

 Yes[170]
  North Macedonia Life + 70 years[171]
  Norway Life + 70 years


Life + 15 years, but no less than 50 years after publication ("«simple» photographs")[172][173]

 70 years following the year of death of the author (i.e. an author that died in 1950 will have their works protected until 1 January 2021). In a collective or joint work, this is counted from the death of the longest surviving author. For a motion picture, the following are to be considered authors: main director, scriptwriter, dialogue author, and composer of original musical score.

70 years for anonymous works from the year when the work was created. If such an unpublished work, whose copyright has expired, is then later published, the publisher is entitled for a copyright for 25 years from the year of publication[172]

One exception from the rule is works that are already in public domain in their country of origin who are members of the Berne Union and/or WTO. These will enter public domain in Norway once they enter public domain in the country of their origin even if less than 70 years have passed since the creators' death.[174]

"Norway also has some peculiar laws that protect «simple» photographs. I.e. photographs, such as snapshots, that are below the threshold of originality to merit copyright protection are given neighbouring rights protection. [..] The Norwegian copyright act does not address public domain directly. The Norwegian copyright law defines two basic rights for authors: economic rights and moral rights. [..] For material that is outside the scope of copyright, the phrase «i det fri» («in the free») is used. This corresponds roughly to the term «public domain» in English. Norwegian copyright law makes a distinction between copyright and neighbouring rights. Only creative and artistic works are subject to copyright. Some other types of works are protected by so-called neighbouring rights."[172]

 Yes[173]
  Oman Life + 70 years[175] 90 years from the year following the publication

120 years from the year following the completion[176]

 Yes
  Pakistan Life + 50 years[177] Yes[177]
  Palau Life + 50 years[178]
  Panama Life + 70 years[179] Yes
  Papua New Guinea Life + 50 years[180]
  Paraguay Life + 70 years[181]
  Peru Life + 70 years[182]
  Philippines Life + 50 years[183]: s. 213.1  50 years from publication (photographic works), or 50 years from creation if unpublished within 50 years of creation[183]: s. 213.5  Yes[183]: s. 214 
  Poland Life + 70 years[184]
  Portugal Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][185]
  Qatar Life + 50 years[186]
  Romania Life + 70 years[187]
  Russia Life + 70 years[188]

Life + 74 years (for those who fought in or worked during the war of 1941–45)

Date of rehabilitation + 70 (74) years (for unlawfully prosecuted and posthumously rehabilitated)

Protection applies if copyright term of Life + 50 years (or Life + 54 years) did not expire by 1 January 1993.[189]

 50 years from publication (radio and television broadcasts)[190]

50 years from creation if unpublished, or 50 years from publication (sound records)[191]

70 years from publication (anonymous works)[188]

70 years from publication if published within 70 years from death (posthumous publication)

70 years from publication if published before 3 August 1993 by a corporation (cinematographic, television, radio works, print periodicals and compilations).[189] Protection term applies to "the whole work" only, i.e. individual authors of each protectable part of the whole work retain their own copyright[192]

All works published prior to October Revolution (7 November 1917) are believed to be uncopyrighted.

  Rwanda Berne, TRIPS
  Saint Helena Life + 50 years
  St. Kitts and Nevis Life + 50 years[81]
  St. Lucia Life + 50 years[193]
  St. Vincent and the Grenadines Life + 75 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work)[194] 75 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recording or film)[194]: s. 9(1) 


50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[194]: s. 8(4) 
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[194]: s. 10(1) 

 Yes[194]: ss. 8–10 
  Samoa Life + 75 years[195]
  San Marino Life + 50 years[196]
  São Tomé and Príncipe Life + 70 years[197]
  Saudi Arabia Life + 50 years[198] The period of copyright for the author of a work shall be for the duration of his life and for a period of fifty years following his death.[199]
  Senegal Life + 70 years[200]
  Serbia[m] Life + 70 years[154]
  Seychelles Life + 50 years[201] 50 years from publication (audio-visual works)[201]: s. 9(1)(ii), (v) 

25 years from creation (applied art)[201]: s. 9(1)(iv) 

 Yes[201]: s. 9(1) 
  Sierra Leone Life + 50 years[202]: s. 21  50 years from publication (photograph, film, or broadcast)[202]: s. 25 

50 years from creation (sound recording)[202]: s. 23 
  Singapore[203] Life + 70 years (except posthumous work)[204][205]: s. 28(2)  70 years from publication (posthumous work, photograph)[205]: s. 28(3), (6) 


70 years from publication (sound recordings and cinematograph films)[205]: s. 92, 93 
50 years after making (television broadcasts, sound broadcasts, cable programmes)[205]: s. 94, 95 
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[205]: s. 96 

 Yes[205]: ss. 28, 92–96 
  Sint Maarten Life + 50 years[59]
  Slovakia Life + 70 years[206]
  Slovenia Life + 70 years[207]
  Solomon Islands Life + 50 years[208]
  Somalia Very unclear. See the discussion at Commons.
  South Africa Life + 50 years (literary or musical works or artistic works, other than photographs)[209]: s. 3(2)(a)  50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematography films, photographs, computer programs)[209]: s. 3(2)(b) 

50 years from publication (sound recordings; broadcasts; programme-carrying signals; and published editions)[209]: s. 3(2)(c) 

 Yes[209]: s. 3 
  Spain Life + 70 years (for authors that died on or after December 7,1987)


Life + 80 years (for authors that died before December 7, 1987)

[210]

 Yes[210]: Art. 30 
  Sri Lanka Life + 70 years[211] 70 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from completion (audiovisual work)[211]
25 years from publication (applied art)[211]		 Yes[211]
  Sudan Life + 50 years[212]: s. 13(2)  25 years from publication (photographic pictures and cinematographic films and other audiovisual works; works published under unknown pseudonym or anonymously)[212]: s. 13(3)(a), (c) 
  Suriname Life + 50 years[213] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work) (art. 39) Yes
  Swaziland Life + 50 years[214]
  Sweden Life + 70 years[215] Yes[215]
  Switzerland Life + 70 years effective 1 July 1993 non-retroactively, but Life + 50 years for computer programs[216]


[Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 July 1993, applicable for deaths through 1942)][217]

 50 years after performance (performers' rights)[218]: Art. 39  Yes[218]: Art. 32 
  Syria Life + 50 years[219]: Art. 22  10 years from production (photographic, fine arts or plastic arts)[219]: Art. 25 
  Taiwan (Republic of China) Life + 50 years (except posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[220]: Art. 30  50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[220]: Art. 32 


50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (corporate works; photographic works, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and performances)[220]: Arts. 33, 34 
10 years from publication (posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[220]: Art. 30 

 Yes[220]: Art. 35 
  Tajikistan Berne
  Tanzania Life + 50 years[221]
  Thailand Life + 50 years[222] 50 years from publication or 50 years from creation if not published within 50 years from creation
  Timor Leste Life + 50 years[223]
  Togo Life + 50 years[224]
  Tonga Life + 50 years[225]
  Trinidad and Tobago Life + 50 years[226]
  Tunisia Life + 50 years[227]
  • Authors' rights :
    • economic rights: reproduction right; right of adaptation and translation; public performance right; broadcasting right; right of communication to the public by cable or satellite or any other means; right of communication of a broadcast work in a public place.
    • moral rights: right to claim authorship; right to object modification; right of disclosure; right of withdrawal.
  • Performers' rights: The law contains no provisions regarding performers.
  • Broadcasters' rights: The law contains no provisions regarding broadcasters.[228]
  Turkey Life + 70 years[229] 70 years from publication for work-for-hire
  Turkmenistan Life + 50 years[230]
  Tuvalu Life + 50 years[81]
  Uganda Life + 50 years[231] 50 years from publication (corporate works, anonymous works, and computer programs)[231]
  Ukraine Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years (1994–2001)][232]		 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)
70 years from publication (published within 30 years from authors' deaths)[232]		 Yes[232]
  United Arab Emirates Life + 50 years[233]
  United Kingdom Life + 70 years

If there are multiple authors, life of last surviving author + 70 years[234]: s. 12 

For films, life + 70 years for the last to die of: principal director, author of screenplay, author of dialogue, or composer of music specifically created for and used in the film.[234]: s. 13B 

 70 years if the author is unknown

70 years after release; if not released, 70 years after making (sound recordings).[235] Recordings which entered the public domain prior to 1 January 2013 are not retroactively covered.

50 years from end of calendar year when the broadcast was first made (broadcasts)[234]: s. 14 

 Yes[234]: s. 12, 13 
  United States[236] Life + 70 years (works published since 1978 or unpublished works)[237] 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation, whichever is shorter (anonymous works, pseudonymous works, or works made for hire, published since 1978)[238]

95 years from publication for works published 1964–1977; 28 (if copyright not renewed) or 95 years from publication for works published 1928–1963 (copyrights prior to 1928 have expired, not including copyrights on sound recordings fixed prior to 15 February 1972, covered only under state laws.)[239]

 Yes[240]
Universal Copyright Convention minimum terms Life + 25 years (general works)[241] 25 years from publication (specific works not based on authors' deaths)[241]

10 years (photographic works or to works of applied art)[242]
  Uruguay Life + 70 years[243] 70 years after the work is made available (anonymous and pseudonymous works)[244]

70 years from publication (collective works)[244]

 Yes[244]
  Uzbekistan Life + 70 years[245]
  Vanuatu Life + 50 years[246] 25 years after the work is made (works of applied art)[246]

50 years after the latest of: the date the work is made, the date the work is made available to the public or the date of first publication (works published anonymously or under a pseudonym, collective works and audiovisual works)[246]
50 years after the death of the last author to die (works of joint authorship)[246]

 Yes[246]
   Vatican City Life + 70 years[247]
  Venezuela Life + 60 years[248]: Art. 25  60 years from publication; 60 years from creation if unpublished (an audiovisual work, a broadcast work or a computer program)[248]: Art. 37 

60 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[248]: Art. 27 

 Yes[248]: Arts. 25–27 
  Vietnam Berne
  Yemen Life + 30 years 10 years from the date of issue from 1 January of the year of issue for photographs;

25 years from the date of production from 1 January of the production year for motion picture or television film.[249]

After expiry of copyright, the work "may be announced to be the ownership of the State" (emphasis added).[249]
  Zambia Life + 50 years[250]
  Zimbabwe Life + 50 years[251][252]: s. 5(3), 6(3)(a)  50 years from publication (photographs)[252]: s. 6(3)(b) 


50 years from creation (Sound recordings)[252]: s. 16(2) 
50 years from publication (cinematograph films, broadcasts)[252]: s. 17(2), s. 18(2) 

 Yes[252]: s. 6, 16–18 

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Terms of protection were taken from a variety of sources, including WIPO, UNESCO and the University of Pennsylvania (see External links). Where no more specific information is available for a country, an indication of its probable minimum copyright term can be gained from its status as:
    • a signatory of the Berne Convention ("Berne"); minimum term of life + 50 years, except for photographs.
    • a member of the WTO ("TRIPS"); minimum term of life + 50 years.
    • a candidate for membership of the European Union ("EU"); term must be life + 70 years before accession.
  2. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Andorra for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work.
  3. ^ A cinematographic work is copyrighted in Austria for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the principal director of the film and the authors of the screenplay, the dialogues and the musical work specially created for the cinematographic work.
  4. ^ Examples of protected works are literature, music, theatre, film, the visual arts – including photography, architecture, decorative arts – and computer programmes. It is the expression of the work which is protected – that is to say, the work's singular design or presentation. Copyright applies from the moment of creation of the work. Thus, protection does not depend on any kind of registration.[63]
  5. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in France for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue, the author of the musical compositions, with or without words, specially composed for the work and the main director.
  6. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Greece for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work.
  7. ^ a b The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau have their own status, distinct from that of the rest of China, under international copyright and trade law
  8. ^ Computed from the last of the following persons with known identity to survive: (a) the principal director; (b) the author of the screenplay; (c) the author of the dialogue; or (d) the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.
  9. ^ Literary, dramatic, musical, and non-photograph artistic works.
  10. ^ The law entered into force 16 January 2012.[124][125]
  11. ^ a b Unauthorized sale or commercial use of sound & audio-visual recordings is prohibited (Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act, 1991).
  12. ^ Montenegro is assumed to have succeeded to the copyright obligations of Serbia and Montenegro. See Serbia also.
  13. ^ Serbia is deemed to be a successor state of Serbia and Montenegro, which itself was a successor state to Yugoslavia for international copyright treaties, notably the Berne Convention, effective 17 June 1930

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External links edit

  • Summary of copyright terms in various countries, with links to summaries or copies of national laws
  • with links to the official documentation for most listed countries (archived 16 June 2004)
  • (archived 4 February 2014)

December 02, 2023
list, countries, copyright, lengths, copyright, right, copy, publish, particular, work, terms, copy, publish, quite, broad, they, include, copying, electronic, form, making, translated, versions, creation, television, program, based, work, putting, work, inter. Copyright is the right to copy and publish a particular work The terms copy and publish are quite broad They include copying in electronic form the making of translated versions the creation of a television program based on the work and putting the work on the Internet A work is protected by copyright if it is a literary or artistic work This general expression covers almost all products of creative and original effort Copyright protects only the specific expression of an idea not the idea itself A collection of facts may be copyrighted if there was creative activity involved in compiling the collection Several countries provide separate protection for collections of facts that qualify as databases but that provision is not considered copyright Copyright protection is automatic upon creation of the work In some countries registration with a copyright office has additional benefits such as the ability to sue or to receive more money in damages When a work s copyright term ends the work passes into the public domain Worldwide map of copyright term length Contents 1 Berne Convention 1 1 United States 1 2 European Union 2 Copyright duration by country 2 1 Legend 2 2 Table of copyright duration by country 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksBerne Convention edit nbsp Signatory states of the Berne ConventionThe Berne Convention stipulates that the duration of the term for copyright protection is the life of the author plus at least 50 years after their death For some categories of works the minimum duration is shorter for example the minimum term for applied art is 25 years movies have a minimum term of 50 years Most countries have opted for a longer term of protection as permitted Under the Convention the duration of copyright depends on the length of the author s life Berne specifies that copyright exists a minimum of 50 years after the author s death while a number of countries including the European Union and the United States have extended that to 70 years after the author s death A small number of countries have extended copyright even further with Mexico having the lengthiest term at 100 years after the author s death United States edit In 1989 the Berne Convention became effective in the U S Since that date U S authors obtain copyright on their works automatically with registration no longer required However many U S texts on copyright have not been updated and still echo the old registration principle Copyright registration remains available in the U S To initiate a lawsuit against an infringer registration is still required Registration offers the potential of statutory damages from the infringer rather than only actual damages clarification needed European Union edit All countries within the European Union are signatory states of the Berne Convention Additionally Copyright in the European Union is regulated through European Directives The member states of the European Union have following a directive increased the term to life of the author plus 70 years after their death Although this was not the original intention the extension applies retroactively this had the effect that works that had ended up in the public domain because the author was dead for 50 years received an additional twenty years of protection European countries follow the principle that copyright protection is granted automatically upon creation of the work This principle was first established in the Berne Convention 1886 and Article 5 of the Convention expressly forbids any member country to require formal action for copyright protection Copyright duration by country editCountries and respective copyright terms with length of standard copyright in years are listed Entries for non country entities are included the European Union Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention which set minimum terms for their member states or signatories The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights TRIPS though not included requires a copyright length of at least 50 years after death Legend edit 0 no copyright Not copyrighted Life xx years Copyrighted for authors lifetime plus xx years after their deaths xx years after publication creation etc copyrighted for xx years since publication creation etc of works Until year end Copyrighted until the end of a calendar year i e 31 December unless otherwise specified Berne Country has signed the Berne Convention see Berne in the Countries column TRIPS The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights TRIPS is an international agreement administered by the World Trade Organization WTO that sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property IP regulation as applied to nationals of other WTO Members This also indicates that this country has at least a minimum of 50 years after the death of the creator until the copyright expires WCT The World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty WIPO Copyright Treaty or WCT is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO in 1996 Table of copyright duration by country edit Countries areas and entities Copyright terms based on authors deaths a Copyright terms based on publication and creation dates a Until year end nbsp Afghanistan Life 50 years 1 50 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work 1 50 years from publication published after authors deaths 1 50 years from publication audiovisual works 1 50 years from publication photographic painting works 1 50 years from creation phonogram 1 Yes Afghan calendar 1 nbsp Albania Life 70 years 2 Art 17 70 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work 2 Art 18 70 years from publication 70 years from creation if unpublished photographic or audiovisual work of joint authorship 3 25 years from production works of applied art 2 Art 20 Yes 2 Art 21 nbsp Algeria Life 50 years except posthumous work 4 Art 54 50 years from publication 50 years from creation if unpublished collective work anonymous or pseudonymous work audiovisual work posthumous work 4 Arts 56 58 60 50 years from creation photographs or the work of applied art 4 Art 59 Yes 4 Arts 54 56 58 60 nbsp Andorra Life 70 years b 5 Art 18 1 4 70 years from publication 70 years from creation if unpublished collective work with unknown authorship 5 Art 18 3 70 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work 5 Art 18 5 Yes 5 Art 18 8 nbsp Angola Life 50 years 6 Life 25 years photographic works or applied arts 6 Yes 6 nbsp Anguilla Life 50 years 7 50 years from the death of the author of the last surviving author for works with more than one author 7 nbsp Antigua and Barbuda Life 50 years 8 9 s 10 1 50 years from publication 50 years from creation if unpublished anonymous or pseudonymous work computer generated work sound recording or film 9 s 10 2 4 11 1 50 years from creation broadcast 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service 9 s 12 1 25 years from publication typographical arrangement of a published edition 9 s 13 Yes 9 s 10 1 10 2 4 11 1 12 1 13 nbsp Argentina Life 70 years 10 Art 5 50 years from publication anonymous intellectual works belonging to institutions corporations or legal persons 10 Art 8 Phonograms 70 years from first publication 11 12 13 14 Photographs 20 years from first publication 15 Cinematographic works 50 years after death of the last survivor among the producer the director the screenplay writer or the composer for musical comedies 15 Yes 10 Art 5 nbsp Armenia Life 70 years 16 Art 37 70 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous works 16 Art 37 Yes 16 Art 37 nbsp Aruba Life 50 years 17 wikisource nbsp Australia including external territories Life 70 years 18 s 33 Life 50 years death before 1955 19 70 years from publication sound recordings cinematograph films 18 s 93 94 50 years after making television broadcasts and sound broadcasts 18 s 95 25 years from publication published editions of works 18 s 96 50 years from publication photographs no longer applicable since 1 January 2005 19 Yes 18 ss 93 96 19 nbsp Austria Life 70 years c 20 60 62 21 70 years from publication 70 years from creation if unpublished anonymous or pseudonymous work 20 61 Yes 20 64 nbsp Azerbaijan Life 70 years except posthumous work published at first time during 30 years 22 Art 25 70 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work posthumous work published at first time during 30 years 22 Art 25 26 Yes 22 Art 25 26 nbsp Bahamas Berne The Berne Convention states that all works except photographic and cinematographic shall be copyrighted for at least 50 years after the author s death but parties are free to provide longer terms nbsp Bahrain Life 50 calendar years except posthumous work 23 Art 31 1 50 calendar years from publication cinematographic films applied arts works and photographs anonymous or pseudonymous works corporate works posthumous works 23 Art 31 2 a d 40 years from publication or 50 years from completion whichever is shorter computer software 23 Art 31 3 nbsp Bangladesh Life 60 years or Publication 60 years 24 s 24 60 years from publication cinematographic films 24 s 26 sound recordings 24 s 27 photographs 24 s 28 computer programmes 24 s 28A or works of the Government local authority or an international organisation 24 ss 30 32 Yes 24 s 24 26 27 28 28A ss 30 32 nbsp Barbados Life 50 years 25 26 s 10 1 50 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous works 26 s 10 3 50 years from making computer generated work 26 s 10 4 50 years from publication 50 years from creation if unpublished sound recordings and films 26 s 11 50 years from creation broadcast 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service 26 s 12 25 years from publication typographical arrangement of a published edition 26 s 13 Yes 26 ss 10 13 nbsp Belarus Life 50 years 27 Art 22 1 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation anonymous or pseudonymous works 27 Art 22 2 50 years from fixation performance 27 Art 38 1 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from fixation phonogram 27 Art 38 2 50 years from the first broadcast or cable transmission 27 Art 38 3 Yes 27 Arts 22 4 38 4 nbsp Belgium Life 70 years 28 Yes 28 nbsp Belize Life 50 years 29 50 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work 29 50 years from publication sound recording or film 29 50 years from publication computer generated work 29 Yes nbsp Benin Life 50 years nbsp Bermuda Life 50 years 30 Berne Convention signatories Life 50 years 31 Signatories may grant longer terms 32 50 years from publication or if not shown 50 years from creation cinematographic works 33 50 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous works 34 25 years from creation photographic works 35 Signatories may grant longer terms 32 Yes 36 nbsp Bhutan Life 50 years 37 nbsp Bolivia Life 50 years 38 nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina Life 70 years 39 nbsp Botswana Berne TRIPS WCT 40 nbsp Brazil Life 70 years economical rights Economical rights Publication 70 years audiovisual and photograpical works Publication 70 years anonymous and pseudonymous works Neighboring rightsCreation 70 years phonograms transmission for the broadcasts of broadcasting organization and public performance in other cases OthersPublication 50 years if unpublished creation 50 years computer programs Yes 41 arts 41 44 nbsp British Indian Ocean Territory Life 70 Years nbsp British Virgin Islands Life 70 Years nbsp Brunei Life 50 years 42 nbsp Bulgaria Life 70 years EU 43 nbsp Burkina Faso Life 70 years 44 nbsp Burundi Life 50 years 45 50 years from publication phonograms 45 nbsp Cambodia Life 50 years 46 nbsp Cameroon Life 50 years 47 nbsp Canada Life 70 years except certain posthumous works 48 49 Life 50 years death before 1972 75 years from publication or 100 years from creation whichever is shorter anonymous works There is no revival of copyright in any work in which the copyright had expired before the coming into force in January 2023 of the extension of the term of copyright from 50 to 70 years 50 years from publication certain posthumous works 50 Yes 50 nbsp Cape Verde Life 50 years 3 nbsp Cayman Islands unknown nbsp Central African Republic Berne TRIPS nbsp Chad Berne TRIPS nbsp Chile Life 70 years 51 nbsp China mainland only Life 50 years citizens works 52 para 1 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation works of legal entities cinematographic works films or photographic works 52 paras 2 3 Yes 52 nbsp Colombia Life 80 years 53 Art 21 80 years from publication cinematographic works 53 Art 37 Yes 53 Art 28 nbsp Comoros Berne nbsp Congo Democratic Republic of the Life 50 years 54 Art 74 25 years from publication photograph works 54 Art 77 50 years from publication anonymous pseudonymous or posthumous work 54 Art 75 Yes 54 Art 76 nbsp Congo Republic of the Life 50 years 55 25 years from creation photographic work and work of applied art 55 Art 65 nbsp Costa Rica Life 70 years 56 nbsp Cote d Ivoire Life 70 years except posthumous works published within this period 57 Art 45 1 70 years from publication photographic or audiovisual works or works of applied art anonymous or pseudonymous works posthumous works 57 Art 45 3 a c Yes 57 Art 45 nbsp Croatia Life 70 years 58 nbsp Cuba Life 50 years nbsp Curacao Life 50 years 59 nbsp Cyprus Life 70 years EU WCT 60 nbsp Czech Republic Life 70 years 61 Art 27 1 70 years from publication anonymous works 61 Art 27 3 Yes 61 Art 27 7 nbsp Denmark Life 70 years 62 d nbsp Djibouti Life 50 years 64 Art 12 For a cinematographic work 50 years from the date when the work was made lawfully accessible to the public with the author s consent 64 Art 15 For a photographic work or work of applied art 25 years from the production of the work 64 Art 16 Yes 64 Art 12 nbsp Dominica Life 70 years 65 nbsp Dominican Republic Life 70 years 66 nbsp Ecuador Life 70 years 67 nbsp Egypt Life 50 years 68 nbsp El Salvador Life 50 years 69 nbsp Equatorial Guinea Life 80 years 70 71 However there are additional expiration rules in Article 38 of the Main Equatorial Guinea Intellectual Property Law which may affect this nbsp Eritrea Life 0 years but at least 50 years since publication whichever is longer except posthumous works 72 Art 1653 1670 50 years since publication posthumous works 72 Art 1672 nbsp Estonia Life 70 years EU 73 38 1 70 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous works 73 40 Yes 73 43 nbsp Ethiopia Life 50 years 74 nbsp European Union Members Life 70 years 75 Art 1 1 Anonymous or pseudonymous works only 70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public Art 1 3 Protection ends if the work is not made available within 70 years from creation Art 1 6 75 Art 1 3 6 Yes 75 Art 8 1 nbsp Fiji Life 50 years 76 nbsp Finland Life 70 years 77 50 years from publication sound recordings television broadcasts and sound broadcasts 78 Arts 46 48 50 years from creation photographic works 78 Art 49a Yes 78 Art 43 nbsp France Life 70 years except posthumous works published after this term e 79 Arts L123 1 L123 2 The following additions to copyright term formerly applied to all works but the French Cour de Cassation has found them to be superseded by later copyright treaties thus limiting the copyright term to life 70 years total at least for non musical works of authors who did not die for France 80 6 years 152 days for musical work published through 1920 79 Art L123 8 8 years and 120 days for musical work published through 1947 79 Art L123 9 30 years for all works if the author died on active service 79 Art L123 10 70 years from publication pseudonymous anonymous or collective works 79 Art L123 3 25 years from publication posthumous works published after Art L123 1 term 79 L123 4 Yes 79 Arts L123 1 L123 3 L123 4 but not Arts L123 8 or L123 9 nbsp Gabon Berne TRIPS WCT nbsp Gambia Life 50 years 81 nbsp Georgia Life 70 years 82 nbsp Germany Life 70 years 83 25 years from first publication or first public performance if copyright has expired before such publication or performance or if the work has never been protected in Germany and the author died more than 70 years before the first publication 84 Yes 85 nbsp Ghana Life 70 years 86 nbsp Greece Life 70 years f 87 Arts 29 31 3 70 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous works 87 Art 31 1 Yes 87 Arts 29 31 nbsp Grenada Berne TRIPS 88 nbsp Guatemala Life 75 years 89 Art 43 75 years from publication or if unpublished 75 years from creation computer programs and collective works anonymous or pseudonymous works audiovisual works 89 Arts 44 45 47 Yes 89 Art 48 nbsp Guinea TRIPS WCT nbsp Guinea Bissau Berne TRIPS nbsp Guyana Life 50 years 90 nbsp Haiti Berne TRIPS 91 nbsp Honduras Life 75 years 92 70 years from publication or if unpublished within 50 years 70 years from creation works of applied art and photographs 93 Yes 93 nbsp Hong Kong g Life 50 years literary dramatic musical or artistic works with known authorship 94 s 17 2 Life 50 years films 94 s 19 h 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation literary dramatic musical or artistic works with unknown authorship 94 s 17 3 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation sound recordings 95 s 18 50 years from creation broadcast 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service 95 s 20 25 years from publication typographical arrangement of published editions 95 s 21 Yes 95 s 17 18 20 21 nbsp Hungary Life 70 years 96 s 31 1 2 If there are multiple authors life of last surviving author 70 years 96 s 31 4 70 years and shall be counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of the work in case the person of the author is unknown However should the author become known during this period of time the term of protection shall be counted from the first day of the year following the death of the author 96 s 31 3 70 years counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of a collective work or a cinematographic creation 96 s 31 5 6 25 years from the first day of the year following the first disclosure if copyright protection of a scope consistent with the author s economic rights shall be due to the person who following the expiration of the term of protection or the period of time determined in the term of protection shall be counted from a date other than the first day of the year following the death of the author the author dying last or the joint author discloses according to the law a work previously not disclosed to the public 96 s 31 7 32 As an exception expressions of folklore themselves do not however enjoy copyright protection in Hungary 96 s 1 7 Yes 96 s 31 2 nbsp Iceland Life 70 years 97 nbsp India 98 Life 60 years except posthumous works i 99 s 22 60 years from publication posthumous works photographs cinematograph films sound recordings works of public undertakings and works of international organisations 99 ss 24 27 28A 29 Yes 99 ss 22 24 27 28A 29 nbsp Indonesia Life 70 years 100 70 years from the author s death for books musics etc 50 years after publication for cinematography photograph etc 100 nbsp Iran Life 50 years 101 30 years from publication photographic or cinematographic works 102 nbsp Iraq Life 50 years 103 5 years from publication photographic works 104 nbsp Ireland Life 70 years 105 Yes nbsp Israel Life 70 years 106 50 years from publication photographs created until May 2007 107 Yes 108 nbsp Italy Life 70 years Life 50 years 109 Art 25 70 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work 109 Art 27 20 years from publication copyright of State the provinces the communes the academies or public cultural organizations or to private legal entities of a non profit making character Yes 109 s 25 s 32ter nbsp Jamaica 110 Life 95 years for authors that died in 1962 or later 111 Life 50 years for authors that died before 1962 112 s 10 1 95 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work work for hire 112 s 10 2 s 13A 95 years from creation computer generated work broadcast cable programme 112 s 10 4 12 1 95 years from publication or if unpublished 95 years from creation sound recording or film 112 s 11 50 years from publication typographical arrangement of a published edition 112 s 13 Yes 112 s 10 11 12 13 nbsp Japan Life 70 years 113 114 Art 51 2 70 years from publication or if unpublished 70 years from creation cinematographic works 114 Art 54 1 70 years from publication or if unpublished 70 years from creation works of a legal person or other corporate body 115 114 Art 53 1 Yes 114 Art 57 nbsp Jordan Life 50 years 116 nbsp Kazakhstan Life 50 years 117 nbsp Kenya Life 50 years literary musical or artistic work other than photographs 118 s 23 2 1 50 years from the latest of creation or publication audio visual works and photographs 118 s 23 2 Yes 118 s 23 nbsp Kiribati Life 50 years 81 nbsp Kosovo Life 70 years 119 Yes nbsp North Korea Life 50 years 120 Works authored by an institution enterprise or organization 50 years from publication 120 nbsp South Korea Life 70 years amended on 2011 06 30 121 Art 39 70 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work 121 Art 40 70 years from publication or if unpublished within 50 years 70 years from creation works made for hire cinematographic works 121 Art 41 Yes 121 Art 44 nbsp Kuwait TRIPS 122 nbsp Kyrgyzstan Life 50 years 123 nbsp Laos Life 50 years j 50 years after making available Also Anonymous pseudonymous work 50 years from the date the work was made available to the public Cinematographic work 50 years from making available failing that 50 years from making Applied art 25 years from date of creation Related Performances phonograms broadcasts 50 years since the date of performance fixation and broadcast respectively nbsp Latvia Life 70 years 126 Art 36 Life 50 years 127 70 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work 128 Yes 126 Art 38 nbsp Lebanon Life 50 years 129 50 years after lawful publication failing publication 50 years after work completion Also economic rights 50 years from performance moral rights perpetual broadcasters rights 20 years after first broadcasting 130 nbsp Lesotho Life 50 years 81 nbsp Liberia Life 50 years 131 nbsp Libya Life 25 years with 50 year minimum as of 1968 may have changed since nbsp Liechtenstein Life 70 years Life 50 years 132 nbsp Lithuania Life 70 years Life 50 years 133 nbsp Luxembourg Life 70 years Life 50 years 134 nbsp Macau g Life 50 years 135 Art 21 1 50 years from publication anonymous works 135 Art 23 50 years from publication audiovisual works 135 Art 106 25 years from completion works of applied art 135 Art 148 Yes 135 Art 21 3 nbsp Madagascar Life 70 years 136 nbsp Malawi Life 50 years 137 nbsp Malaysia 138 Life 50 years literary musical and artistic works not posthumous 139 s 17 1 50 years after publication posthumous work published edition film live performance 139 s 17 2 s 18 s 22 s 23A 50 years after publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation anonymous pseudonymous work sound recording broadcast film 139 s 17 3 s 19 50 years after being made broadcast 139 s 20 Yes 139 s 17 2 3 s 18 s 19 s 20 s 22 s 23A nbsp Maldives Life 50 years 140 nbsp Mali Life 50 years 141 nbsp Malta Life 70 years 142 Yes 142 nbsp Marshall Islands 0 no copyright k 143 144 At this stage the Republic of Marshall Islands is not member to any international convention or treaty on copyright 145 Instead applies a non copyright based protection regime 0 no copyright k Instead applies a non copyright based protection regime nbsp Mauritania Berne TRIPS nbsp Mauritius Life 50 years 146 nbsp Mexico Life 100 years effective 23 July 2003 non retroactively 147 Life 75 years before the law change on 23 July 2003 applicable for deaths before 23 July 1928 148 Life 50 years before the law change on 1 January 1994 applicable for deaths before 1 January 1944 149 75 years from the first fixation of the recording or the first performance recording of the performance respectively 50 years from first publication of the book the first fixation of the recording or the first broadcast Yes Gregorian calendar nbsp Micronesia Life 50 years 150 nbsp Moldova Life 70 years 151 nbsp Monaco Life 50 years 152 nbsp Mongolia Life 50 years 153 nbsp Montenegro l Life 70 years 154 nbsp Morocco Life 50 years 155 70 years after a work s lawful publication if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the making copyright lasts for 70 years after the work s communication to the public if no lawful communication to the public has taken place within 50 years of the making copyright lasts for 70 years after the work is made and moral rights last perpetually 70 years for Performers rights if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the performance copyright lasts for 70 years after the work s first performance 70 years for Broadcasters rights if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the work s creation copyright lasts for 70 years after the work s creation 156 nbsp Mozambique Life 70 years 157 nbsp Myanmar TRIPS nbsp Namibia Life 50 years except posthumous works 158 s 3 2 a 50 years from publication posthumous works 158 s 3 2 a 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation cinematograph films photographs and computer programs 158 s 3 2 b Yes 158 s 3 nbsp Nauru Life 50 years 159 160 s 2 3 s 3 4 50 years after publication sound recordings 159 160 s 12 3 cinematograph films 159 160 s 13 3 b except for newsreels or if registered under the Cinematograph Films Act 1938 159 160 Second television and sound broadcasts 159 160 s 14 2 photographs 159 160 s 3 4 b engravings 159 160 s 3 4 a posthumous literary dramatic and musical works 159 160 s 2 3 and anonymous literary dramatic and musical works 159 160 Second Schedule 25 years after publication published editions of literary dramatic or musical works 159 160 s 15 2 50 years after occurrence of event newsreels 159 160 s 13 8 50 years after death of last author to die works of joint authorship 159 160 Third Schedule Yes 159 160 nbsp Nepal Life 50 years 25 years from creation applied art and photographic work 161 nbsp Netherlands Life 70 years 162 70 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work corporate works with no listed natural author 163 25 years from publication works first published more than 70 years after the death of the author 164 Yes 165 nbsp Caribbean Netherlands Life 50 years 166 nbsp New Zealand Life 50 years literary dramatic musical or artistic work 167 s 22 1 50 years from creation computer generated work 167 s 22 2 Yes 167 s 22 nbsp Nicaragua Life 70 years 168 nbsp Niger Life 50 years 169 nbsp Nigeria Life 70 years literary musical or artistic works other than photographs 170 70 years from publication literary musical or non photograph artistic works in the case of government or a body corporate 50 years from publication cinematograph films and photographs 50 years from publication sound recordings 50 years from publication broadcasts 170 Yes 170 nbsp North Macedonia Life 70 years 171 nbsp Norway Life 70 years Life 15 years but no less than 50 years after publication simple photographs 172 173 70 years following the year of death of the author i e an author that died in 1950 will have their works protected until 1 January 2021 In a collective or joint work this is counted from the death of the longest surviving author For a motion picture the following are to be considered authors main director scriptwriter dialogue author and composer of original musical score 70 years for anonymous works from the year when the work was created If such an unpublished work whose copyright has expired is then later published the publisher is entitled for a copyright for 25 years from the year of publication 172 One exception from the rule is works that are already in public domain in their country of origin who are members of the Berne Union and or WTO These will enter public domain in Norway once they enter public domain in the country of their origin even if less than 70 years have passed since the creators death 174 Norway also has some peculiar laws that protect simple photographs I e photographs such as snapshots that are below the threshold of originality to merit copyright protection are given neighbouring rights protection The Norwegian copyright act does not address public domain directly The Norwegian copyright law defines two basic rights for authors economic rights and moral rights For material that is outside the scope of copyright the phrase i det fri in the free is used This corresponds roughly to the term public domain in English Norwegian copyright law makes a distinction between copyright and neighbouring rights Only creative and artistic works are subject to copyright Some other types of works are protected by so called neighbouring rights 172 Yes 173 nbsp Oman Life 70 years 175 90 years from the year following the publication 120 years from the year following the completion 176 Yes nbsp Pakistan Life 50 years 177 Yes 177 nbsp Palau Life 50 years 178 nbsp Panama Life 70 years 179 Yes nbsp Papua New Guinea Life 50 years 180 nbsp Paraguay Life 70 years 181 nbsp Peru Life 70 years 182 nbsp Philippines Life 50 years 183 s 213 1 50 years from publication photographic works or 50 years from creation if unpublished within 50 years of creation 183 s 213 5 Yes 183 s 214 nbsp Poland Life 70 years 184 nbsp Portugal Life 70 years Life 50 years 185 nbsp Qatar Life 50 years 186 nbsp Romania Life 70 years 187 nbsp Russia Life 70 years 188 Life 74 years for those who fought in or worked during the war of 1941 45 Date of rehabilitation 70 74 years for unlawfully prosecuted and posthumously rehabilitated Protection applies if copyright term of Life 50 years or Life 54 years did not expire by 1 January 1993 189 50 years from publication radio and television broadcasts 190 50 years from creation if unpublished or 50 years from publication sound records 191 70 years from publication anonymous works 188 70 years from publication if published within 70 years from death posthumous publication 70 years from publication if published before 3 August 1993 by a corporation cinematographic television radio works print periodicals and compilations 189 Protection term applies to the whole work only i e individual authors of each protectable part of the whole work retain their own copyright 192 All works published prior to October Revolution 7 November 1917 are believed to be uncopyrighted nbsp Rwanda Berne TRIPS nbsp Saint Helena Life 50 years nbsp St Kitts and Nevis Life 50 years 81 nbsp St Lucia Life 50 years 193 nbsp St Vincent and the Grenadines Life 75 years literary dramatic musical or artistic work 194 75 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation sound recording or film 194 s 9 1 50 years from creation computer generated work 194 s 8 4 50 years from creation broadcast 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service 194 s 10 1 Yes 194 ss 8 10 nbsp Samoa Life 75 years 195 nbsp San Marino Life 50 years 196 nbsp Sao Tome and Principe Life 70 years 197 nbsp Saudi Arabia Life 50 years 198 The period of copyright for the author of a work shall be for the duration of his life and for a period of fifty years following his death 199 nbsp Senegal Life 70 years 200 nbsp Serbia m Life 70 years 154 nbsp Seychelles Life 50 years 201 50 years from publication audio visual works 201 s 9 1 ii v 25 years from creation applied art 201 s 9 1 iv Yes 201 s 9 1 nbsp Sierra Leone Life 50 years 202 s 21 50 years from publication photograph film or broadcast 202 s 25 50 years from creation sound recording 202 s 23 nbsp Singapore 203 Life 70 years except posthumous work 204 205 s 28 2 70 years from publication posthumous work photograph 205 s 28 3 6 70 years from publication sound recordings and cinematograph films 205 s 92 93 50 years after making television broadcasts sound broadcasts cable programmes 205 s 94 95 25 years from publication published editions of works 205 s 96 Yes 205 ss 28 92 96 nbsp Sint Maarten Life 50 years 59 nbsp Slovakia Life 70 years 206 nbsp Slovenia Life 70 years 207 nbsp Solomon Islands Life 50 years 208 nbsp Somalia Very unclear See the discussion at Commons nbsp South Africa Life 50 years literary or musical works or artistic works other than photographs 209 s 3 2 a 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation cinematography films photographs computer programs 209 s 3 2 b 50 years from publication sound recordings broadcasts programme carrying signals and published editions 209 s 3 2 c Yes 209 s 3 nbsp Spain Life 70 years for authors that died on or after December 7 1987 Life 80 years for authors that died before December 7 1987 210 Yes 210 Art 30 nbsp Sri Lanka Life 70 years 211 70 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from completion audiovisual work 211 25 years from publication applied art 211 Yes 211 nbsp Sudan Life 50 years 212 s 13 2 25 years from publication photographic pictures and cinematographic films and other audiovisual works works published under unknown pseudonym or anonymously 212 s 13 3 a c nbsp Suriname Life 50 years 213 50 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work art 39 Yes nbsp Swaziland Life 50 years 214 nbsp Sweden Life 70 years 215 Yes 215 nbsp Switzerland Life 70 years effective 1 July 1993 non retroactively but Life 50 years for computer programs 216 Life 50 years before the law change on 1 July 1993 applicable for deaths through 1942 217 50 years after performance performers rights 218 Art 39 Yes 218 Art 32 nbsp Syria Life 50 years 219 Art 22 10 years from production photographic fine arts or plastic arts 219 Art 25 nbsp Taiwan Republic of China Life 50 years except posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death 220 Art 30 50 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work 220 Art 32 50 years from publication 50 years from creation if unpublished corporate works photographic works audiovisual works sound recordings and performances 220 Arts 33 34 10 years from publication posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death 220 Art 30 Yes 220 Art 35 nbsp Tajikistan Berne nbsp Tanzania Life 50 years 221 nbsp Thailand Life 50 years 222 50 years from publication or 50 years from creation if not published within 50 years from creation nbsp Timor Leste Life 50 years 223 nbsp Togo Life 50 years 224 nbsp Tonga Life 50 years 225 nbsp Trinidad and Tobago Life 50 years 226 nbsp Tunisia Life 50 years 227 Authors rights economic rights reproduction right right of adaptation and translation public performance right broadcasting right right of communication to the public by cable or satellite or any other means right of communication of a broadcast work in a public place moral rights right to claim authorship right to object modification right of disclosure right of withdrawal Performers rights The law contains no provisions regarding performers Broadcasters rights The law contains no provisions regarding broadcasters 228 nbsp Turkey Life 70 years 229 70 years from publication for work for hire nbsp Turkmenistan Life 50 years 230 nbsp Tuvalu Life 50 years 81 nbsp Uganda Life 50 years 231 50 years from publication corporate works anonymous works and computer programs 231 nbsp Ukraine Life 70 years Life 50 years 1994 2001 232 70 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work 70 years from publication published within 30 years from authors deaths 232 Yes 232 nbsp United Arab Emirates Life 50 years 233 nbsp United Kingdom Life 70 years If there are multiple authors life of last surviving author 70 years 234 s 12 For films life 70 years for the last to die of principal director author of screenplay author of dialogue or composer of music specifically created for and used in the film 234 s 13B 70 years if the author is unknown 70 years after release if not released 70 years after making sound recordings 235 Recordings which entered the public domain prior to 1 January 2013 are not retroactively covered 50 years from end of calendar year when the broadcast was first made broadcasts 234 s 14 Yes 234 s 12 13 nbsp United States 236 Life 70 years works published since 1978 or unpublished works 237 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation whichever is shorter anonymous works pseudonymous works or works made for hire published since 1978 238 95 years from publication for works published 1964 1977 28 if copyright not renewed or 95 years from publication for works published 1928 1963 copyrights prior to 1928 have expired not including copyrights on sound recordings fixed prior to 15 February 1972 covered only under state laws 239 Yes 240 Universal Copyright Convention minimum terms Life 25 years general works 241 25 years from publication specific works not based on authors deaths 241 10 years photographic works or to works of applied art 242 nbsp Uruguay Life 70 years 243 70 years after the work is made available anonymous and pseudonymous works 244 70 years from publication collective works 244 Yes 244 nbsp Uzbekistan Life 70 years 245 nbsp Vanuatu Life 50 years 246 25 years after the work is made works of applied art 246 50 years after the latest of the date the work is made the date the work is made available to the public or the date of first publication works published anonymously or under a pseudonym collective works and audiovisual works 246 50 years after the death of the last author to die works of joint authorship 246 Yes 246 nbsp Vatican City Life 70 years 247 nbsp Venezuela Life 60 years 248 Art 25 60 years from publication 60 years from creation if unpublished an audiovisual work a broadcast work or a computer program 248 Art 37 60 years from publication anonymous or pseudonymous work 248 Art 27 Yes 248 Arts 25 27 nbsp Vietnam Berne nbsp Yemen Life 30 years 10 years from the date of issue from 1 January of the year of issue for photographs 25 years from the date of production from 1 January of the production year for motion picture or television film 249 After expiry of copyright the work may be announced to be the ownership of the State emphasis added 249 nbsp Zambia Life 50 years 250 nbsp Zimbabwe Life 50 years 251 252 s 5 3 6 3 a 50 years from publication photographs 252 s 6 3 b 50 years from creation Sound recordings 252 s 16 2 50 years from publication cinematograph films broadcasts 252 s 17 2 s 18 2 Yes 252 s 6 16 18 See also editCERLALC an intergovernmental organization that promotes the development of book publishing and copyright issues in Latin America and the Caribbean List of parties to international copyright treaties Moral rights copyright law Official text copyright Rule of the shorter termNotes edit a b Terms of protection were taken from a variety of sources including WIPO UNESCO and the University of Pennsylvania see External links Where no more specific information is available for a country an indication of its probable minimum copyright term can be gained from its status as a signatory of the Berne Convention Berne minimum term of life 50 years except for photographs a member of the WTO TRIPS minimum term of life 50 years a candidate for membership of the European Union EU term must be life 70 years before accession An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Andorra for the same term computed from the last of the following persons to survive the principal director the author of the scenario the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work A cinematographic work is copyrighted in Austria for the same term computed from the last surviving person among the following the principal director of the film and the authors of the screenplay the dialogues and the musical work specially created for the cinematographic work Examples of protected works are literature music theatre film the visual arts including photography architecture decorative arts and computer programmes It is the expression of the work which is protected that is to say the work s singular design or presentation Copyright applies from the moment of creation of the work Thus protection does not depend on any kind of registration 63 An audiovisual work is copyrighted in France for the same term computed from the last surviving person among the following the author of the scenario the author of the dialogue the author of the musical compositions with or without words specially composed for the work and the main director An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Greece for the same term computed from the last of the following persons to survive the principal director the author of the screenplay the author of the dialogue and the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work a b The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau have their own status distinct from that of the rest of China under international copyright and trade law Computed from the last of the following persons with known identity to survive a the principal director b the author of the screenplay c the author of the dialogue or d the composer of music specially created for and used in the film Literary dramatic musical and non photograph artistic works The law entered into force 16 January 2012 124 125 a b Unauthorized sale or commercial use of sound amp audio visual recordings is prohibited Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act 1991 Montenegro is assumed to have succeeded to the copyright obligations of Serbia and Montenegro See Serbia also Serbia is deemed to be a successor state of Serbia and Montenegro which itself was a successor state to Yugoslavia for international copyright treaties notably the Berne Convention effective 17 June 1930References edit a b c d e f g Copyright law of Afghanistan 22 07 2008 PDF Archived PDF from 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2004 The duration of copyright in various countries archived 4 February 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of countries 27 copyright lengths amp oldid 1184790794, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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