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Courtney Love

March 17, 2023

For the American football coach, see Courtney Love (American football). For the band, see Lois Maffeo.

Courtney Michelle Love[a] (née Harrison; born July 9, 1964) is an American singer, guitarist, songwriter, and actress. A figure in the alternative and grunge scenes of the 1990s, her career has spanned four decades. She rose to prominence as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Hole, which she formed in 1989. Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics, as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain. In 2020, NME named her one of the most influential singers in alternative culture of the last 30 years.

Courtney Love
Love in 2014
Born
Courtney Michelle Harrison

(1964-07-09) July 9, 1964 (age 58)
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Other namesCourtney Rodriguez[1]
Courtney Menely[1]
Courtney Love Cobain
Occupations
  • Singer
  • musician
  • songwriter
  • actress
Years active1981–present
Spouses
  • James Moreland
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1989; ann. 1989)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1992; died 1994)​
ChildrenFrances Bean Cobain
Parent
Relatives
AwardsFull list
Musical career
OriginPortland, Oregon, U.S.
Genres
Instrument(s)
  • Vocals
  • guitar
Labels
Formerly of

Love had an itinerant childhood, but was primarily raised in Portland, Oregon, where she played in a series of short-lived bands and was active in the local punk scene. After briefly being in a juvenile hall, she spent a year living in Dublin and Liverpool before returning to the United States and pursuing an acting career. She appeared in supporting roles in the Alex Cox films Sid and Nancy (1986) and Straight to Hell (1987) before forming the band Hole in Los Angeles with guitarist Eric Erlandson. The group received critical acclaim from underground rock press for their 1991 debut album, produced by Kim Gordon, while their second release, Live Through This (1994), was met with critical accolades and multi-platinum sales. In 1995, Love returned to acting, earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Miloš Forman's The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996), which established her as a mainstream actress. The following year, Hole's third album, Celebrity Skin (1998), was nominated for three Grammy Awards.

Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s, appearing in big-budget pictures such as Man on the Moon (1999) and Trapped (2002), before releasing her first solo album, America's Sweetheart, in 2004. The subsequent several years were marred with publicity surrounding Love's legal troubles and drug relapse, which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was writing a second solo album. That project became Nobody's Daughter, released in 2010 as a Hole album but without the former Hole lineup. Between 2014 and 2015, Love released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire. In 2020, she confirmed she was writing new music. Love has also been active as a writer; she co-created and co-wrote three volumes of a manga, Princess Ai, between 2004 and 2006, and wrote a memoir, Dirty Blonde: The Diaries of Courtney Love (2006).

Life and career

See also: List of awards and nominations received by Courtney Love

1964–1982: Childhood and education

Courtney Michelle Harrison was born July 9, 1964, at Saint Francis Memorial Hospital in San Francisco, California,[2] the first child of psychotherapist Linda Carroll (née Risi; born 1944) and Hank Harrison (1941–2022),[3] a publisher and road manager for the Grateful Dead.[4][5] Her parents met at a party held for Dizzy Gillespie in 1963, and the two married in Reno, Nevada after Carroll discovered she was pregnant.[6][7] Carroll, who was adopted at birth,[8] is the biological daughter of novelist Paula Fox.[9][10][11] Love's matrilineal great-grandmother was Elsie Fox (née de Sola),[12] a Cuban writer who co-wrote the film The Last Train from Madrid with Love's great-grandfather, Paul Hervey Fox, cousin of writer Faith Baldwin and actor Douglas Fairbanks.[13][14] Phil Lesh, the founding bassist of the Grateful Dead, is Love's godfather.[15][16] According to Love, she was named after Courtney Farrell, the protagonist of Pamela Moore's 1956 novel Chocolates for Breakfast.[17] Love is of Cuban, English, German, Irish, and Welsh descent.[18] Through her mother's subsequent marriages, Love has two younger half-sisters, three younger half-brothers (one of whom died in infancy), and one adopted brother.[19][20]

Love spent her early years in Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco, until her parents divorced in 1970.[11][21] In a custody hearing, her mother, as well as one of her father's girlfriends, testified that Hank had dosed Courtney with LSD when she was a toddler.[11][21][22] Carroll also alleged that Hank threatened to abduct his daughter and flee with her to a foreign country.[6] Though Hank denied these allegations, his custody was revoked.[6] In 1970, Carroll relocated with Love to the rural community of Marcola, Oregon where they lived along the Mohawk River[20] while Carroll completed her psychology degree at the University of Oregon.[1] There, Carroll remarried to schoolteacher Frank Rodríguez, who legally adopted Love.[20] Though Love was baptized a Roman Catholic,[23] her mother maintained an unorthodox home; according to Love, "There were hairy, wangly-ass hippies running around naked [doing] Gestalt therapy", and her mother raised her in a gender-free household with "no dresses, no patent leather shoes, no canopy beds, nothing".[24] Love attended a Montessori school in Eugene, Oregon, where she struggled academically and socially.[25][26] She has said that she began seeing psychiatrists at "like, [age] three. Observational therapy. TM for tots. You name it, I’ve been there."[27] At age nine, a psychologist noted that she exhibited signs of autism, among them tactile defensiveness.[24][28][29][30]

In 1972, Love's mother divorced Rodríguez, remarried to sportswriter David Menely, and moved the family to Nelson, New Zealand.[31] Love was enrolled at Nelson College for Girls,[32] but soon expelled for misbehavior.[33] In 1973, Carroll sent Love back to Portland, Oregon,[34] to be raised by her former stepfather and other family friends.[35][36] At age 14, Love was arrested for shoplifting from a Portland department store[37] and remanded at Hillcrest Correctional Facility, a juvenile hall in Salem, Oregon.[26][38] While at Hillcrest, she became acquainted with records by Patti Smith, the Runaways, and the Pretenders, who later inspired her to start a band.[39] She was intermittently placed in foster care throughout late 1979 until becoming legally emancipated in 1980,[22][40] after which she remained staunchly estranged from her mother.[41] Shortly after her emancipation, Love spent two months in Japan working as a topless dancer, but was deported after her passport was confiscated.[42] She returned to Portland and began working at the strip club Mary's Club,[43][27] adopting the surname Love to conceal her identity; she later adopted Love as her surname.[20] She worked odd jobs, including as a DJ at a gay disco.[44] Love said she lacked social skills,[45] and learned them while frequenting gay clubs and spending time with drag queens.[46] During this period, she enrolled at Portland State University, studying English and philosophy.[47][48] She later commented that, had she not found a passion for music, she would have sought a career working with children.[49]

Before Liverpool, my life doesn't count. Ian McCulloch and Julian Cope taught me a great deal. I owe them a lot. Liverpool had been a great school to become a rock star.

–Love on her time in Liverpool[11]

In 1981, Love was granted a small trust fund that had been left by her maternal grandparents, which she used to travel to Dublin, Ireland, where her biological father was living.[50] She audited courses at Trinity College, studying theology for two semesters.[51][52] She later received honorary patronage from Trinity's University Philosophical Society in 2010.[53] While in Dublin, Love met musician Julian Cope of the Teardrop Explodes at one of the band's concerts.[11] Cope took a liking to Love and offered to let her stay at his Liverpool home in his absence.[11] She traveled to London, where she was met by her friend and future bandmate, Robin Barbur, from Portland.[54] Recalling Cope's offer, Love and Barbur moved into Cope's home with him and several other artists,[11][55] including Pete de Freitas of Echo & the Bunnymen.[56] De Freitas was initially hesitant to allow the girls to stay, but acquiesced as they were "alarmingly young and obviously had nowhere else to go".[57] Love recalled: "They kind of took me in. I was sort of a mascot; I would get them coffee or tea during rehearsals."[58] Cope writes of Love frequently in his 1994 autobiography, Head-On, in which he refers to her as "the adolescent".[59]

In July 1982, Love returned to the United States.[11] In late 1982, she attended a Faith No More concert in San Francisco and convinced the members to let her join as a singer.[60][61] The group recorded material with Love as a vocalist, but fired her; according to keyboardist Roddy Bottum, who remained Love's friend in the years after, the band wanted a "male energy".[62] Love returned to working abroad as an erotic dancer, briefly in Taiwan, and then at a taxi dance hall in Hong Kong.[63][64] By Love's account, she first used heroin while working at the Hong Kong dance hall, having mistaken it for cocaine.[65] While still inebriated from the drug, Love was pursued by a wealthy male client who requested that she return with him to the Philippines, and gave her money to purchase new clothes.[65] She used the money to purchase an airfare back to the United States.[65]

1983–1987: Early music projects and film

At age 19, through her then-boyfriend's mother, film costume designer Bernadene Mann, Love took a job at Paramount Studios cleaning out the wardrobe department of vintage pieces that had suffered dry rot or other damage.[66] During this time, Love became interested in vintage fashion.[66][67] She subsequently returned to Portland, where she formed short-lived musical projects with her friends Ursula Wehr and Robin Barbur (namely Sugar Babylon, later known as Sugar Babydoll).[b][69] After meeting Kat Bjelland at the Satyricon nightclub in 1984, the two formed the group the Pagan Babies.[70] Love asked Bjelland to start the band with her as a guitarist, and the two moved to San Francisco in June 1985, where they recruited bassist Jennifer Finch and drummer Janis Tanaka.[71] According to Bjelland, "[Courtney] didn't play an instrument at the time" aside from keyboards, so Bjelland would transcribe Love's musical ideas on guitar for her.[26] The group played several house shows and recorded one 4-track demo before disbanding in late 1985.[71][72] After Pagan Babies, Love moved to Minneapolis, where Bjelland had formed the group Babes in Toyland, and briefly worked as a concert promoter before returning to California.[26] Drummer Lori Barbero recalled Love's time in Minneapolis:

She lived in my house for a little while. And then we did a concert at the Orpheum. It was in 1988. It was called O-88 with Butthole Surfers, Cows & Bastards, Run Westy Run, and Babes in Toyland. And I guess Maureen [Herman] took Courtney to the airport after she stole all the money. She stayed and stayed, and then the next day she wanted me to take her to the airport. And so I drove her to the airport. She had just had some weird fight with the guy at the desk, and then she left. She said, "I'm going to go to L.A. and I'm going to get my face done and I'm going to be famous." And then she did.[73]

 
Love in a publicity headshot for Straight to Hell, 1986

Deciding to shift her focus to acting, Love enrolled at the San Francisco Art Institute[74] and studied film under experimental director George Kuchar,[75][76] featuring in one of his short films, Club Vatican.[77][78][79] She also took experimental theater courses in Oakland taught by Whoopi Goldberg.[80] In 1985, Love submitted an audition tape for the role of Nancy Spungen in the Sid Vicious biopic Sid and Nancy (1986), and was given a minor supporting role by director Alex Cox.[81][82] After filming Sid and Nancy in New York City, she worked at a peep show in Times Square and squatted at the ABC No Rio social center and Pyramid Club in the East Village.[83][84] The same year, Cox cast her in a leading role in his film Straight to Hell (1987),[85] a Spaghetti Western starring Joe Strummer, Dennis Hopper, and Grace Jones, shot in Spain in 1986.[86][87] The film was poorly reviewed by critics,[88] but caught the attention of Andy Warhol, who featured Love in an episode of Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes.[89] She also had a part in the 1988 Ramones music video for "I Wanna Be Sedated", appearing as a bride among dozens of party guests.[90][91][92]

Displeased by the "celebutante" fame she had attained, Love abandoned her acting career in 1988 and resumed work as a stripper in Oregon, where she was recognized by customers at a bar in the small town of McMinnville.[93] This prompted Love to go into isolation and relocate to Anchorage, Alaska, where she lived for three months to "gather her thoughts", supporting herself by working at a strip club frequented by local fishermen.[94] "I decided to move to Alaska because I needed to get my shit together and learn how to work", she said in retrospect. "So I went on this sort of vision quest. I got rid of all my earthly possessions. I had my bad little strip clothes and some big sweaters, and I moved into a trailer with a bunch of other strippers."[95]

1988–1991: Beginnings of Hole

Main articles: Hole (band) and Pretty on the Inside

She was the most gung-ho person I've ever met ... She gave 180%. I've worked with some people that you've had to coax the performance out of them. With Courtney, there was no attitude.

–Don Fleming, who co-produced Hole's debut album with Kim Gordon, on Love[96]

 
Love performing with Hole, 1989

At the end of 1988, Love taught herself to play guitar and relocated to Los Angeles,[97] where she placed an ad in a local music zine: "I want to start a band. My influences are Big Black, Sonic Youth, and Fleetwood Mac."[98] By 1989, Love had recruited guitarist Eric Erlandson; bassist Lisa Roberts, her neighbor; and drummer Caroline Rue, whom she met at a Gwar concert.[99] Love named the band Hole after a line from Euripides' Medea[100] ("There is a hole that pierces right through me")[101] and a conversation in which her mother told her that she could not live her life "with a hole running through her".[102] On July 23, 1989, Love married Leaving Trains vocalist James Moreland in Las Vegas;[103] the marriage was annulled the same year.[104] She later said that Moreland was a transvestite and that they had married "as a joke".[105] After forming Hole, Love and Erlandson had a romantic relationship that lasted over a year.[106]

In Hole's formative stages, Love continued to work at strip clubs in Hollywood (including Jumbo's Clown Room and the Seventh Veil),[98] saving money to purchase backline equipment and a touring van,[107] while rehearsing at a Hollywood studio loaned to her by the Red Hot Chili Peppers.[108] Hole played their first show in November 1989 at Raji's, a rock club in central Hollywood.[109] Their debut single, "Retard Girl", was issued in April 1990 through the Long Beach indie label Sympathy for the Record Industry, and was played by Rodney Bingenheimer on local rock station KROQ.[26] Hole appeared on the cover of Flipside, a Los Angeles-based punk fanzine.[99] In early 1991, they released their second single, "Dicknail", through Sub Pop Records.[110]

 
"Garbadge Man"
Track from Pretty on the Inside (1991), illustrating Love's aggressive vocals and heavy noise rock-influenced guitar.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

With no wave, noise rock and grindcore bands being major influences on Love,[99] Hole's first studio album, Pretty on the Inside, captured an abrasive sound and contained disturbing, graphic lyrics,[111][112] described by Q as "confrontational [and] genuinely uninhibited".[113] The record was released in September 1991 on Caroline Records, produced by Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth with assistant production from Gumball's Don Fleming; Love and Gordon had met when Hole opened for Sonic Youth during their promotional tour for Goo at the Whisky a Go Go in November 1990.[114] In early 1991, Love sent Gordon a personal letter asking her to produce the record for the band, to which she agreed.[112][115]

Pretty on the Inside received generally positive critical reception from indie and punk rock critics[116] and was named one of the 20 best albums of the year by Spin.[117] It gained a following in the United Kingdom, charting at 59 on the UK Albums Chart,[118] and its lead single, "Teenage Whore", entered the UK Indie Chart at number one.[119] The album's feminist slant led many to tag the band as part of the riot grrrl movement,[120] a movement with which Love did not associate.[121][122] The band toured in support of the record, headlining with Mudhoney in Europe; in the United States, they opened for the Smashing Pumpkins,[123] and performed at CBGB in New York City.[124]

During the tour, Love briefly dated Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan[125] and then Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain.[126] There are varying accounts of how Love and Cobain came to know one another.[c] Journalist Michael Azerrad states that the two met in 1989 at the Satyricon nightclub in Portland, Oregon, though Cobain biographer Charles Cross claimed the date was actually February 12, 1990; Cross said that Cobain playfully wrestled Love to the floor after she said that he looked like Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum.[128] According to Love, she first met Cobain at a Dharma Bums show in Portland,[129][130] while Love's bandmate Eric Erlandson said that both he and Love were introduced to Cobain in a parking lot after a Butthole Surfers/L7 concert at the Hollywood Palladium on May 17, 1991.[106] Sometime in late 1991, Love and Cobain became re-acquainted through Jennifer Finch, one of Love's longtime friends and former bandmates.[131][132] Love and Cobain were a couple by 1992.[133][134]

1992–1995: Marriage to Kurt Cobain, Live Through This and breakthrough

Just marrying [him] created a mythology around me that I didn't expect for myself, because I had a very controlled, five-year plan about how I was going to be successful in the rock industry. Marrying Kurt, it all kind of went sideways in a way that I could not control and I became seen in a certain light–a vilified light that made Yoko Ono look like Pollyanna–and I couldn't stop it.

–Love on her public image after marrying Kurt Cobain[135]

Shortly after completing the tour for Pretty on the Inside, Love married Cobain on Waikiki Beach in Honolulu, Hawaii, on February 24, 1992.[136] She wore a satin and lace dress once owned by the actress Frances Farmer, and Cobain wore plaid pajamas.[137] During Love's pregnancy, Hole recorded a cover of "Over the Edge" for a Wipers tribute album,[138] and recorded their fourth single, "Beautiful Son", which was released in April 1993. On August 18, the couple's only child, a daughter, Frances Bean Cobain, was born in Los Angeles.[136] They relocated to Carnation, Washington, and then Seattle.[139][140]

Love's first major media exposure came in a September 1992 profile with Cobain for Vanity Fair by Lynn Hirschberg, entitled "Strange Love".[141] Cobain had become a major public figure following the surprise success of Nirvana's album Nevermind.[142] Love was urged by her manager to participate in the cover story.[143] In the year prior, Love and Cobain had developed a heroin addiction; the profile painted them in an unflattering light, suggesting that Love had been addicted to heroin during her pregnancy.[144] The Los Angeles Department of Children and Family Services investigated, and custody of Frances was temporarily awarded to Love's sister, Jaimee.[145] Love claimed she was misquoted by Hirschberg, and asserted that she had immediately quit heroin during her first trimester after she discovered she was pregnant.[143][146][147] Love later said the article had serious implications for her marriage and Cobain's mental state,[148][149][150] suggesting it was a factor in his suicide two years later.[143][151]

 
Love performing with Hole at Big Day Out, Melbourne, 1995

On September 8, 1993, Love and Cobain made their only public performance together at the Rock Against Rape benefit in Hollywood, performing two acoustic duets of "Pennyroyal Tea" and "Where Did You Sleep Last Night".[152] Love also performed electric versions of two new Hole songs, "Doll Parts" and "Miss World", both written for their upcoming second album.[152] In October 1993, Hole recorded their second album, Live Through This, in Atlanta. The album featured a new lineup with bassist Kristen Pfaff and drummer Patty Schemel. Live Through This was released on Geffen's subsidiary label DGC on April 12, 1994, one week after Cobain's death from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in the Seattle home he shared with Love, who was in rehab in Los Angeles at the time.[153] In the following months, Love was rarely seen in public, holing up at her home with friends and family members. Cobain's remains were cremated and his ashes divided into portions by Love, who kept some in a teddy bear and some in an urn.[154] In June 1994, she traveled to the Namgyal Buddhist Monastery in Ithaca, New York and had his ashes ceremonially blessed by Buddhist monks. Another portion was mixed into clay and made into memorial sculptures.[154] On June 16, 1994, Hole bassist Kristen Pfaff died of a heroin overdose in Seattle.[155] For the band's impending tour, Love recruited Canadian bassist Melissa Auf der Maur.[156]

Live Through This was a commercial and critical success,[157][158][159] hitting platinum RIAA certification in April 1995 and receiving numerous critical accolades.[91] The success of the record combined with Cobain's suicide resulted in a high level of publicity for Love, and she was featured on Barbara Walters' 10 Most Fascinating People in 1995.[160] Simultaneously, her erratic onstage behavior and various legal troubles during Hole's 1994–1995 world tour compounded the media coverage of her.[161]

Hole's performance on August 26, 1994, at the Reading Festival—Love's first public performance following Cobain's death[162][163]—was described by MTV as "by turns macabre, frightening and inspirational".[164] John Peel wrote in The Guardian that Love's disheveled appearance "would have drawn whistles of astonishment in Bedlam", and that her performance "verged on the heroic ... Love steered her band through a set which dared you to pity either her recent history or that of the band ... the band teetered on the edge of chaos, generating a tension which I cannot remember having felt before from any stage."[165] The band performed a series of riotous concerts over the following year, with Love frequently appearing hysterical onstage, flashing crowds, stage diving, and getting into fights with audience members.[162][166] One journalist reported that at the band's show in Boston in December 1994: "Love interrupted the music and talked about her deceased husband Kurt Cobain, and also broke out into Tourette syndrome-like rants. The music was great, but the raving was vulgar and offensive, and prompted some of the audience to shout back at her."[167]

In January 1995, Love was arrested in Melbourne for disrupting a Qantas flight after getting into an argument with a stewardess.[168] On July 4, 1995, at the Lollapalooza Festival in George, Washington, Love threw a lit cigarette at musician Kathleen Hanna before punching her in the face, alleging that Hanna had made a joke about her daughter.[169] She pleaded guilty to an assault charge and was sentenced to anger management classes.[170][171] In November 1995, two male teenagers sued Love for allegedly punching them during a Hole concert in Orlando, Florida in March 1995. The judge dismissed the case on grounds that the teens "weren't exposed to any greater amount of violence than could reasonably be expected at an alternative rock concert".[172] Love later said she had little memory of 1994–1995,[108] as she had been using large quantities of heroin and Rohypnol at the time.[108][173]

1996–2002: Acting success and Celebrity Skin

I went for that part so hard because I felt a need for atonement for some cultural damage that had arisen out of me and things that I had done. By doing that role, I felt that, personally and creatively, I could exemplify why this was the most un-glorious, unglamorous, fucked-up thing. And then, bang!, I was done with all that. I could fuck off and do something else.

–Love on her role in The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996)[174]

After Hole's world tour concluded in 1996, Love made a return to acting, first in small roles in the Jean-Michel Basquiat biopic Basquiat and the drama Feeling Minnesota (1996),[175] and then a starring role as Larry Flynt's wife Althea in Miloš Forman's critically acclaimed 1996 film The People vs. Larry Flynt. Love went through rehabilitation and quit using heroin at the insistence of Forman; she was ordered to take multiple urine tests under the supervision of Columbia Pictures while filming, and passed all of them.[176][177] Despite Columbia Pictures' initial reluctance to hire Love due to her troubled past,[176] her performance received acclaim, earning a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress,[178] and a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress.[179] Critic Roger Ebert called her work in the film "quite a performance; Love proves she is not a rock star pretending to act, but a true actress."[180] She won several other awards from various film critic associations for the film.[181][182] During this time, Love maintained what the media noted as a more decorous public image,[183] and she appeared in ad campaigns for Versace[184][185][186] and in a Vogue Italia spread.[187] Following the release of The People vs. Larry Flynt, she dated her co-star Edward Norton, with whom she remained until 1999.[188][189]

In late 1997, Hole released the compilations My Body, the Hand Grenade and The First Session, both of which featured previously recorded material. Love attracted media attention in May 1998 after punching journalist Belissa Cohen at a party; the suit was settled out of court for an undisclosed sum.[190] In September 1998, Hole released their third studio album, Celebrity Skin, which featured a stark power pop sound that contrasted with their earlier punk influences.[191] Love divulged her ambition of making an album where "art meets commerce ... there are no compromises made, it has commercial appeal, and it sticks to [our] original vision."[191] She said she was influenced by Neil Young, Fleetwood Mac, and My Bloody Valentine when writing the album.[191][192] Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan co-wrote several songs. Celebrity Skin was well received by critics; Rolling Stone called it "accessible, fiery and intimate—often at the same time ... a basic guitar record that's anything but basic."[193] Celebrity Skin went multi-platinum, and topped "Best of Year" lists at Spin and The Village Voice.[91] It garnered Hole's only number-one single on the Modern Rock Tracks chart with "Celebrity Skin".[194] Hole promoted the album through MTV performances and at the 1998 Billboard Music Awards,[195] and were nominated for three Grammy Awards at the 41st Grammy Awards ceremony.[196]

Before the release of Celebrity Skin, Love and Fender designed a low-priced Squier brand guitar, the Vista Venus.[197] The instrument featured a shape inspired by Mercury, a little-known independent guitar manufacturer,[198] Stratocaster, and Rickenbacker's solid body guitars and had a single-coil and a humbucker pickup, and was available in 6-string and 12-string versions.[198] In an early 1999 interview, Love said about the Venus: "I wanted a guitar that sounded really warm and pop, but which required just one box to go dirty ... And something that could also be your first band guitar. I didn't want it all teched out. I wanted it real simple, with just one pickup switch."[197]

Hole toured with Marilyn Manson on the Beautiful Monsters Tour in 1999, but dropped out after nine performances; Love and Manson disagreed over production costs, and Hole was forced to open for Manson under an agreement with Interscope Records.[199] Hole resumed touring with Imperial Teen.[200][201] Love later said Hole also abandoned the tour due to Manson and Korn's (whom they also toured with in Australia) sexualized treatment of teenage female audience members.[202] Love told interviewers at 99X.FM in Atlanta: "What I really don't like—there are certain girls that like us, or like me, who are really messed up ... they're very young, and they do not need to be taken and raped, or filmed having enema contests ... [they were] going out into the audience and picking up fourteen and fifteen-year-old girls who obviously cut themselves, and then [I had] to see them in the morning ... it's just uncool."[199]

In 1999, Love was awarded an Orville H. Gibson award for Best Female Rock Guitarist.[203] During this time, she starred opposite Jim Carrey as his partner Lynne Margulies in the Andy Kaufman biopic Man on the Moon (1999), followed by a role as William S. Burroughs's wife Joan Vollmer in Beat (2000) alongside Kiefer Sutherland.[204] Love was cast as the lead in John Carpenter's sci-fi horror film Ghosts of Mars, but backed out after injuring her foot.[205] She sued the ex-wife of her then-boyfriend, James Barber, whom Love alleged had caused the injury by running over her foot with her Volvo.[206] The following year, she returned to film opposite Lili Taylor in Julie Johnson (2001), in which she played a woman who has a lesbian relationship; Love won an Outstanding Actress award at L.A.'s Outfest.[207] She was then cast in the thriller Trapped (2002), alongside Kevin Bacon and Charlize Theron.[208] The film was a box-office flop.[209]

In the interim, Hole had become dormant.[196][210] In March 2001, Love began a "punk rock femme supergroup", Bastard, enlisting Schemel, Veruca Salt co-frontwoman Louise Post, and bassist Gina Crosley.[211] Post recalled: "[Love] was like, 'Listen, you guys: I've been in my Malibu, manicure, movie-star world for two years, alright? I wanna make a record. And let's leave all that grunge shit behind us, eh? We were being so improvisational, and singing together, and with a trust developing between us. It was the shit."[212] The group recorded a demo tape, but by September 2001, Post and Crosley had left, with Post citing "unhealthy and unprofessional working conditions".[213][214] In May 2002, Hole announced their breakup amid continuing litigation with Universal Music Group over their record contract.[215]

In 1997, Love and former Nirvana members Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl formed a limited liability company, Nirvana LLC, to manage Nirvana's business dealings.[216] In June 2001, Love filed a lawsuit to dissolve it, blocking the release of unreleased Nirvana material and delaying the release of the Nirvana compilation With the Lights Out. Grohl and Novoselic sued Love, calling her "irrational, mercurial, self-centered, unmanageable, inconsistent and unpredictable".[217] She responded with a letter stating that "Kurt Cobain was Nirvana" and that she and his family were the "rightful heirs" to the Nirvana legacy.[218]

2003–2008: Solo work and legal troubles

In February 2003, Love was arrested at Heathrow Airport for disrupting a flight and was banned from Virgin Airlines.[219] In October, she was arrested in Los Angeles after breaking several windows of her producer and then-boyfriend James Barber's home, and was charged with being under the influence of a controlled substance;[220] the ordeal resulted in her temporarily losing custody of her daughter.[221]

After the breakup of Hole, Love began composing material with songwriter Linda Perry, and in July 2003 signed a contract with Virgin Records.[222] She began recording her debut solo album, America's Sweetheart, in France shortly after.[223] Virgin Records released America's Sweetheart in February 2004; it received mixed reviews.[224] Charles Aaron of Spin called it a "jaw-dropping act of artistic will and a fiery, proper follow-up to 1994's Live Through This" and awarded it eight out of ten,[225] while Amy Phillips of The Village Voice wrote: "[Love is] willing to act out the dream of every teenage brat who ever wanted to have a glamorous, high-profile hissyfit, and she turns those egocentric nervous breakdowns into art. Sure, the art becomes less compelling when you've been pulling the same stunts for a decade. But, honestly, is there anybody out there who fucks up better?"[226] The album sold fewer than 100,000 copies.[91] Love later expressed regret over the record,[227] blaming her drug problems at the time.[228] Shortly after it was released, she told Kurt Loder on TRL: "I cannot exist as a solo artist. It's a joke."[229]

On March 17, 2004, Love appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman to promote America's Sweetheart.[230] Her appearance drew media coverage when she lifted her shirt multiple times,[231] flashed Letterman, and stood on his desk.[230] The New York Times wrote: "The episode was not altogether surprising for Ms. Love, 39, whose most public moments have veered from extreme pathos—like the time she read the suicide note of her famous husband, Kurt Cobain, on MTV—to angry feminism to catfights to incoherent ranting."[232] Hours later, in the early morning of March 18, Love was arrested in Manhattan for allegedly striking a fan with a microphone stand during a small concert in the East Village.[232] She was released within hours and performed a scheduled concert the following evening at the Bowery Ballroom.[232] Four days later, she called in multiple times to The Howard Stern Show, claiming in broadcast conversations with Stern that the incident had not occurred, and that actress Natasha Lyonne, who was at the concert, was told by the alleged victim that he had been paid $10,000 to file a false claim leading to Love's arrest.[233][234]

On July 9, 2004, her 40th birthday, Love was arrested for failing to make a court appearance for the March 2004 charges, and taken to Bellevue Hospital, allegedly incoherent, where she was placed on a 72-hour watch.[235] According to police, she was believed to be a potential danger to herself, but deemed mentally sound and released to a rehab facility two days later.[236][237] Amidst public criticism and press coverage, comedian Margaret Cho published an opinion piece, "Courtney Deserves Better from Feminists", arguing that negative associations of Love with her drug and personal problems (including from feminists) overshadowed her music and wellbeing.[238] Love pleaded guilty in October 2004 to disorderly conduct over the incident in East Village.[239]

 
Love performing in London, 2007

Love's appearance as a roaster on the Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson in August 2005, in which she appeared intoxicated and disheveled, attracted further media attention.[240] One review said that Love "acted as if she belonged in an institution".[240] Six days after the broadcast, Love was sentenced to a 28-day lockdown rehab program for being under the influence of a controlled substance, violating her probation.[241] To avoid jail time, she accepted an additional 180-day rehab sentence in September 2005.[242] In November 2005, after completing the program, Love was discharged from the rehab center under the provision that she complete further outpatient rehab.[243] In subsequent interviews, Love said she had been addicted to substances including prescription drugs, cocaine, and crack cocaine.[244][245] She said she had been sober since completing rehabilitation in 2007, and cited her Soka Gakkai Buddhist practice (which she began in 1988)[246][247] as integral to her sobriety.[248][249]

In the midst of her legal troubles, Love had endeavors in writing and publishing. She co-wrote a semi-autobiographical manga, Princess Ai (Japanese: プリンセス·アイ物語), with Stu Levy, illustrated by Misaho Kujiradou and Ai Yazawa; it was released in three volumes in the United States and Japan between 2004 and 2006.[250][251] In 2006, Love published a memoir, Dirty Blonde, and began recording her second solo album, How Dirty Girls Get Clean,[252] collaborating again with Perry and Billy Corgan. Love had written several songs, including an anti-cocaine song titled "Loser Dust", during her time in rehab in 2005.[253] She told Billboard: "My hand-eye coordination was so bad [after the drug use], I didn't even know chords anymore. It was like my fingers were frozen. And I wasn't allowed to make noise [in rehab] ... I never thought I would work again."[254] Tracks and demos for the album leaked online in 2006, and a documentary, The Return of Courtney Love, detailing the making of the album, aired on the British television network More4 in the fall of that year. A rough acoustic version of "Never Go Hungry Again", recorded during an interview for The Times in November, was also released. Incomplete audio clips of the song "Samantha", originating from an interview with NPR, were distributed on the internet in 2007.[255]

2009–2012: Hole revival and visual art

 
Love with Patty Schemel (left) at the premiere of Hit So Hard at the Museum of Modern Art, 2011

In March 2009, fashion designer Dawn Simorangkir brought a libel suit against Love concerning a defamatory post Love made on her Twitter account,[256] which was eventually settled for $450,000.[257] Several months later, in June 2009, NME published an article detailing Love's plan to reunite Hole and release a new album, Nobody's Daughter.[258] In response, former Hole guitarist Eric Erlandson stated in Spin magazine that contractually no reunion could take place without his involvement; therefore Nobody's Daughter would remain Love's solo record, as opposed to a "Hole" record.[259] Love responded to Erlandson's comments in a Twitter post, claiming "he's out of his mind, Hole is my band, my name, and my Trademark".[260] Nobody's Daughter was released worldwide as a Hole album on April 27, 2010. For the new line-up, Love recruited guitarist Micko Larkin, Shawn Dailey (bass guitar), and Stu Fisher (drums, percussion). Nobody's Daughter featured material written and recorded for Love's unfinished solo album, How Dirty Girls Get Clean, including "Pacific Coast Highway", "Letter to God", "Samantha", and "Never Go Hungry", although they were re-produced in the studio with Larkin and engineer Michael Beinhorn.[261] The album's subject matter was largely centered on Love's tumultuous life between 2003 and 2007, and featured a polished folk rock sound, and more acoustic guitar work than previous Hole albums.[262]

 
Love performing with Hole at Afisha Picnic in Moscow, 2011

The first single from Nobody's Daughter was "Skinny Little Bitch", released to promote the album in March 2010.[263] The album received mixed reviews.[264] Robert Sheffield of Rolling Stone gave the album three out of five, saying Love "worked hard on these songs, instead of just babbling a bunch of druggy bullshit and assuming people would buy it, the way she did on her 2004 flop, America's Sweetheart".[265] Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine also gave the album three out of five: "It's Marianne Faithfull's substance-ravaged voice that comes to mind most often while listening to songs like 'Honey' and 'For Once in Your Life'. The latter track is, in fact, one of Love's most raw and vulnerable vocal performances to date ... the song offers a rare glimpse into the mind of a woman who, for the last 15 years, has been as famous for being a rock star as she's been for being a victim."[266] Love and the band toured internationally from 2010 into late 2012 promoting the record, with their pre-release shows in London and at South by Southwest receiving critical acclaim.[227] In 2011, Love participated in Hit So Hard, a documentary chronicling bandmate Schemel's time in Hole.[267]

In May 2012, Love debuted an art collection at Fred Torres Collaborations in New York titled "And She's Not Even Pretty",[268] which contained over 40 drawings and paintings by Love composed in ink, colored pencil, pastels, and watercolors.[269][270] Later in the year, she collaborated with Michael Stipe on the track "Rio Grande" for Johnny Depp's sea shanty album Son of Rogues Gallery,[271] and in 2013, co-wrote and contributed vocals on "Rat A Tat" from Fall Out Boy's album Save Rock and Roll, also appearing in the song's music video.[272]

2013–2015: Return to acting; libel lawsuits

After dropping the Hole name and performing as a solo artist[273] in late 2012,[274] Love appeared in spring 2013 advertisements for Yves Saint Laurent alongside Kim Gordon and Ariel Pink.[275] Love completed a solo tour of North America in mid-2013,[276][277] which was purported to be in promotion of an upcoming solo album; however, it was ultimately dubbed a "greatest hits" tour, and featured songs from Love's and Hole's back catalogue.[278] Love told Billboard at the time that she had recorded eight songs in the studio.[279]

Love was subject of a second landmark libel lawsuit brought against her in January 2014 by her former attorney Rhonda Holmes, who accused Love of online defamation, seeking $8 million in damages.[280] It was the first case of alleged Twitter-based libel in U.S. history to make it to trial.[281] The jury, however, found in Love's favor.[280] A subsequent defamation lawsuit filed by fashion designer Simorangkir in February 2014, however, resulted in Love being ordered to pay a further $350,000 in recompense.[257]

On April 22, 2014, Love debuted the song "You Know My Name" on BBC Radio 6 to promote her tour of the United Kingdom.[282] It was released as a double A-side single with the song "Wedding Day" on May 4, 2014, on her own label Cherry Forever Records via Kobalt Label Services.[283] The tracks were produced by Michael Beinhorn, and feature Tommy Lee on drums.[284] In an interview with the BBC, Love revealed that she and former Hole guitarist Eric Erlandson had reconciled, and had been rehearsing new material together, along with former bassist Melissa Auf der Maur and drummer Patty Schemel, though she did not confirm a reunion of the band.[285] On May 1, 2014, in an interview with Pitchfork, Love commented further on the possibility of Hole reuniting, saying: "I'm not going to commit to it happening, because we want an element of surprise. There's a lot of is to be dotted and ts to be crossed."[286][287]

 
Love performing in Ventura, California, 2015

Love was cast in several television series in supporting parts throughout 2014, including the FX series Sons of Anarchy,[288] Revenge,[289] and Lee Daniels' network series Empire in a recurring guest role as Elle Dallas.[290] The track "Walk Out on Me", featuring Love, was included on the Empire: Original Soundtrack from Season 1 album, which debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200.[291] Alexis Petridis of The Guardian praised the track, saying: "The idea of Courtney Love singing a ballad with a group of gospel singers seems faintly terrifying ... The reality is brilliant. Love's voice fits the careworn lyrics, effortlessly summoning the kind of ravaged darkness that Lana Del Rey nearly ruptures herself trying to conjure up."[292]

In January 2015, Love starred in a New York City stage production, Kansas City Choir Boy, a "pop opera" conceived by and co-starring Todd Almond.[293] Charles Isherwood of The New York Times praised her performance, noting a "soft-edged and bewitching" stage presence, and wrote: "Her voice, never the most supple or rangy of instruments, retains the singular sound that made her an electrifying front woman for the band Hole: a single sustained noted can seem to simultaneously contain a plea, a wound and a threat."[294] The show toured later in the year, with performances in Boston and Los Angeles.[295] In April 2015, the journalist Anthony Bozza sued Love, alleging a contractual violation regarding his co-writing of her memoir.[296] Love performed as the opening act for Lana Del Rey on her Endless Summer Tour for eight West Coast shows in May and June 2015.[297] During her tenure, Love debuted the single "Miss Narcissist", released on Wavves' independent label Ghost Ramp.[298] She was also cast in a supporting role in James Franco's film The Long Home, based on the novel by William Gay, her first film role in over ten years;[299] as of 2022, it remains unreleased.[300]

2016–present: Fashion and forthcoming music

 
Love in 2016

In January 2016, Love released a clothing line in collaboration with Sophia Amoruso, "Love, Courtney", featuring 18 pieces reflecting her personal style.[301] In November 2016, she began filming the pilot for A Midsummer's Nightmare, a Shakespeare anthology series adapted for Lifetime.[302] She starred as Kitty Menendez in Menendez: Blood Brothers, a biopic television film based on the lives of Lyle and Erik Menendez, which premiered on Lifetime in June 2017.[303]

In October 2017, shortly after the Harvey Weinstein scandal made news, a 2005 video of Love warning young actresses about Weinstein went viral.[304][305] In the footage, while on the red carpet for the Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson, Love was asked by Natasha Leggero if she had any advice for "a young girl moving to Hollywood"; she responded, "If Harvey Weinstein invites you to a private party in the Four Seasons [hotel], don't go."[304] She later tweeted, "Although I wasn't one of his victims, I was eternally banned by [Creative Artists Agency] for speaking out."[306][307]

In the same year, Love was cast in Justin Kelly's biopic JT LeRoy, portraying a film producer opposite Laura Dern.[308] In March 2018, she appeared in the music video for Marilyn Manson's "Tattooed in Reverse",[309] and in April she appeared as a guest judge on RuPaul's Drag Race.[310] In December, Love was awarded a restraining order against Sam Lutfi, who had acted as her manager for the previous six years, alleging verbal abuse and harassment.[311] Her daughter, Frances, and sister, Jaimee, were also awarded restraining orders against Lutfi.[311] In January 2019, a Los Angeles County judge extended the three-year order to five years, citing Lutfi's tendency to "prey upon people".[312]

On August 18, 2019, Love performed a solo set at the Yola Día festival in Los Angeles, which also featured performances by Cat Power and Lykke Li.[313] On September 9, Love garnered press attention when she publicly criticized Joss Sackler, an heiress to the Sackler family OxyContin fortune, after she allegedly offered Love $100,000 to attend her fashion show during New York Fashion Week.[314] In the same statement, Love indicated that she had relapsed into opioid addiction in 2018, stating that she had recently celebrated a year of sobriety.[314] In October 2019, Love relocated from Los Angeles to London.[315]

On November 21, 2019, Love recorded the song "Mother", written and produced by Lawrence Rothman, as part of the soundtrack for the horror film The Turning (2020).[316] In January 2020, she received the Icon Award at the NME Awards; NME described her as "one of the most influential singers in alternative culture of the last 30 years".[317] The following month, she confirmed she was writing a new record which she described as "really sad ... [I'm] writing in minor chords, and that appeals to my sadness."[318] In March 2021, Love said she had been hospitalized with acute anemia in August 2020, which had nearly killed her and reduced her weight to 97 pounds (44 kg); she made a full recovery.[319]

In August 2022, Love revealed the completion of her memoir, The Girl with the Most Cake, after a nearly ten-year period of writing.[320]

Artistry

Influences

Love has been candid about her diverse musical influences, the earliest being Patti Smith, The Runaways, and The Pretenders, artists she discovered while in juvenile hall as a young teenager.[39] As a child, her first exposure to music was records that her parents received each month through Columbia Record Club.[321] The first record Love owned was Leonard Cohen's Songs of Leonard Cohen (1967), which she obtained from her mother: "He was so lyric-conscious and morbid, and I was a pretty morbid kid", she recalled.[321] As a teenager, she named Flipper, Kate Bush, Soft Cell, Joni Mitchell, Laura Nyro,[322] Lou Reed, and Dead Kennedys among her favorite artists.[55] While in Dublin at age fifteen, Love attended a Virgin Prunes concert, an event she credited as being a pivotal influence: "I had never seen so much sex, snarl, poetry, evil, restraint, grace, filth, raw power and the very essence of rock and roll", she recalled. "[I had seen] U2 [who] gave me lashes of love and inspiration, and a few nights later the Virgin Prunes fucked–me–up."[323] Decades later, in 2009, Love introduced the band's frontman Gavin Friday at a Carnegie Hall event, and performed a song with him.[323]

Though often associated with punk music, Love has noted that her most significant musical influences have been post-punk and new wave artists.[324] Commenting in 2021, Love said:

There's this idea of "Courtney is punk and stuck in 1995!" but that's not the case. I was more [influenced by] new wave or post-punk. My number one greatest song of all time is "Love Will Tear Us Apart" by Joy Division, and I will take no fucking prisoners in that battle. But the band that affected me more than even Leonard Cohen and Bob Dylan was Echo and the Bunnymen.[324]

Over the years, Love has also named several other new wave and post-punk bands as influences, including The Smiths,[325] Siouxsie and the Banshees,[326] Television,[326] and Bauhaus.[325]

Love's diverse genre interests were illustrated in a 1991 interview with Flipside, in which she stated: "There's a part of me that wants to have a grindcore band and another that wants to have a Raspberries-type pop band."[99] Discussing the abrasive sound of Hole's debut album, she said she felt she had to "catch up with all my hip peers who'd gone all indie on me, and who made fun of me for liking R.E.M. and The Smiths."[322] She has also embraced the influence of experimental artists and punk rock groups, including Sonic Youth, Swans,[327] Big Black, Diamanda Galás,[328] the Germs, and The Stooges.[329] While writing Celebrity Skin, she drew influence from Neil Young and My Bloody Valentine.[191] She has also cited her contemporary PJ Harvey as an influence, saying: "The one rock star that makes me know I'm shit is Polly Harvey. I'm nothing next to the purity that she experiences."[330]

Literature and poetry have often been a major influence on her songwriting; Love said she had "always wanted to be a poet, but there was no money in it."[331] She has named the works of T.S. Eliot and Charles Baudelaire as influential,[332][333] and referenced works by Dante Rossetti,[334] William Shakespeare,[335] Rudyard Kipling, and Anne Sexton in her lyrics.[336]

Musical style and lyrics

Musically, Love's work with Hole and her solo efforts have been characterized as alternative rock;[337] Hole's early material, however, was described by critics as being stylistically closer to grindcore and aggressive punk rock.[338] Spin's October 1991 review of Hole's first album noted Love's layering of harsh and abrasive riffs buried more sophisticated musical arrangements.[339] In 1998, she stated that Hole had "always been a pop band. We always had a subtext of pop. I always talked about it, if you go back ... what'll sound like some weird Sonic Youth tuning back then to you was sounding like the Raspberries to me, in my demented pop framework."[191]

Love's lyrical content is composed from a female's point of view,[340] and her lyrics have been described as "literate and mordant"[341] and noted by scholars for "articulating a third-wave feminist consciousness."[342] Simon Reynolds, in reviewing Hole's debut album, noted: "Ms. Love's songs explore the full spectrum of female emotions, from vulnerability to rage. The songs are fueled by adolescent traumas, feelings of disgust about the body, passionate friendships with women and the desire to escape domesticity. Her lyrical style could be described as emotional nudism."[340] Journalist and critic Kim France, in critiquing Love's lyrics, referred to her as a "dark genius" and likened her work to that of Anne Sexton.[343]

Love has remarked that lyrics have always been the most important component of songwriting for her: "The important thing for me ... is it has to look good on the page. I mean, you can love Led Zeppelin and not love their lyrics ... but I made a big effort in my career to have what's on the page mean something."[344] Common themes present in Love's lyrics during her early career included body image, rape, suicide, conformity, pregnancy, prostitution, and death.[345][346] In a 1991 interview with Everett True, she said: "I try to place [beautiful imagery] next to fucked up imagery, because that's how I view things ... I sometimes feel that no one's taken the time to write about certain things in rock, that there's a certain female point of view that's never been given space."[347]

Critics have noted that Love's later musical work is more lyrically introspective.[348] Celebrity Skin and America's Sweetheart are lyrically centered on celebrity life, Hollywood, and drug addiction, while continuing Love's interest in vanity and body image. Nobody's Daughter was lyrically reflective of Love's past relationships and her struggle for sobriety, with the majority of its lyrics written while she was in rehab in 2006.[349]

Performance

 
Love, pictured playing a Fender Mustang in 2012, has often played both Fender and Rickenbacker guitars throughout her career

Love has a contralto vocal range.[350] According to Love, she never wanted to be a singer, but rather aspired to be a skilled guitarist: "I'm such a lazy bastard though that I never did that", she said. "I was always the only person with the nerve to sing, and so I got stuck with it."[332] She has been regularly noted by critics for her husky vocals as well as her "banshee [-like]" screaming abilities.[351][352] Her vocals have been compared to those of Johnny Rotten,[353][354] and David Fricke of Rolling Stone described them as "lung-busting" and "a corrosive, lunatic wail".[353] Upon the release of Hole's 2010 album, Nobody's Daughter, Amanda Petrusich of Pitchfork compared Love's raspy, unpolished vocals to those of Bob Dylan.[355]

She has played a variety of Fender guitars throughout her career, including a Jaguar and a vintage 1965 Jazzmaster; the latter was purchased by the Hard Rock Cafe and is on display in New York City.[356] Between 1989 and 1991, Love primarily played a Rickenbacker 425[357] because she "preferred the 3/4 neck",[197] but she destroyed the guitar onstage at a 1991 concert opening for the Smashing Pumpkins.[123] In the mid-1990s, she often played a guitar made by Mercury, an obscure company that manufactured custom guitars,[198] as well as a Univox Hi-Flier.[358] Fender's Vista Venus, designed by Love in 1998, was partially inspired by Rickenbacker guitars as well as her Mercury.[198] During tours after the release of Nobody's Daughter (post-2010), Love has played a Rickenbacker 360 onstage.[359] Her setup has included Fender tube gear, Matchless, Ampeg, Silvertone and a solid-state 1976 Randall Commander.[197]

Love has referred to herself as "a shit guitar player", further commenting in a 2014 interview: "I can still write a song, but [the guitar playing] sounds like shit ... I used to be a good rhythm player but I am no longer dependable."[360] Throughout her career, she has also garnered a reputation for unpredictable live shows.[166] In the 1990s, her performances with Hole were characterized by confrontational behavior, with Love stage diving, smashing guitars[123] or throwing them into the audience,[361] wandering into the crowd at the end of sets,[361] and engaging in sometimes incoherent rants.[167] Critics and journalists have noted Love for her comical, often stream-of-consciousness-like stage banter.[362][363] Music journalist Robert Hilburn wrote in 1993 that, "rather than simply scripted patter, Love’s comments between songs [have] the natural feel of someone who is sharing her immediate feelings."[364] In a review of a live performance published in 2010, it was noted that Love's onstage "one-liners [were] worthy of the Comedy Store."[363]

Philanthropy

In 1993, Love and husband Kurt Cobain performed an acoustic set together at the Rock Against Rape benefit in Los Angeles, which raised awareness and provided resources for victims of sexual abuse.[152] In 2000, Love publicly advocated for reform of the record industry in a personal letter published by Salon.[365] In the letter, Love said: "It's not piracy when kids swap music over the Internet using Napster or Gnutella or Freenet or iMesh or beaming their CDs into a My.MP3.com or MyPlay.com music locker. It's piracy when those guys that run those companies make side deals with the cartel lawyers and label heads so that they can be 'the label's friend', and not the artists'."[365] In a subsequent interview with Carrie Fisher, she said that she was interested in starting a union for recording artists,[18] and also discussed race relations in the music industry, advocating for record companies to "put money back into the black community [whom] white people have been stealing from for years."[366]

Love has been a long-standing supporter of LGBT causes.[367] She has frequently collaborated with Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center, taking part in the center's "An Evening with Women" events.[368] The proceeds of the event help provide food and shelter for homeless youth; services for seniors; legal assistance; domestic violence services; health and mental health services, and cultural arts programs. Love participated with Linda Perry for the event in 2012, and performed alongside Aimee Mann and comedian Wanda Sykes. Speaking on her collaboration on the event, Love said: "Seven thousand kids in Los Angeles a year go out on the street, and forty percent of those kids are gay, lesbian, or transgendered. They come out to their parents, and become homeless ... for whatever reason, I don't really know why, but gay men have a lot of foundations—I've played many of them—but the lesbian side of it doesn't have as much money and/or donors, so we're excited that this has grown to cover women and women's affairs."[369]

She has also contributed to AIDS organizations, partaking in benefits for amfAR[370] and the RED Campaign.[371] In May 2011, she donated six of her husband Cobain's personal vinyl records for auction at Mariska Hargitay's Joyful Heart Foundation event for victims of child abuse, rape, and domestic violence.[372] She has also supported the Sophie Lancaster Foundation.[373]

Influence

 
Love, pictured in 2015, with her leg supported on the monitor, noted by critics as one of her signature stage moves[101][374]

Love has had an impact on female-fronted alternative acts and performers.[375] She has been cited as influential on young female instrumentalists in particular,[376] having once infamously proclaimed: "I want every girl in the world to pick up a guitar and start screaming ...[377] I strap on that motherfucking guitar and you cannot fuck with me. That's my feeling."[378] In The Electric Guitar: A History of an American Icon, it is noted:

[Love] truly lived up to Paul Westerberg's (The Replacements) assessment of pretty girls "playing makeup/wearing guitar" ... She frequently stood on stage, microphone in hand and foot on monitor, and simply let her Fender guitar dangle around her neck. She truly embodied the empowerment that came with playing the electric guitar ... Love depended heavily upon her male lead guitar foil Eric Erlandson, but the rest of her band remained exclusively female throughout several lineup changes.[374]

When you're dying and your life is flashing before your eyes ... you're gonna be thinking about the great things you did, the horrible things that you did, the emotional impact that someone had on you and that you had on somebody else. Those are the things that are relevant. To have some sort of emotional impact that transcends time, that's great.

–Love on having a cultural impact, 1997[379]

With over 3 million records sold in the United States alone,[d] Hole became one of the most successful rock bands of all time fronted by a woman.[376][381] VH1 ranked Love no. 69 in their list of The 100 Greatest Women in Music History in 2012.[382] In 2015, the Phoenix New Times declared Love the number one greatest female rock star of all time, writing: "To build a perfect rock star, there are several crucial ingredients: musical talent, physical attractiveness, tumultuous relationships, substance abuse, and public meltdowns, just to name a few. These days, Love seems to have rebounded from her epic tailspin and has leveled out in a slightly more normal manner, but there's no doubt that her life to date is the type of story people wouldn't believe in a novel or a movie."[383]

Among the alternative musicians who have cited Love as an influence are Scout Niblett;[384] Brody Dalle of The Distillers;[385] Dee Dee Penny of Dum Dum Girls;[386] Victoria Legrand of Beach House;[387] Annie Hardy of Giant Drag;[388] and Nine Black Alps.[389] Contemporary female pop artists Lana Del Rey,[390] Avril Lavigne,[391] Tove Lo,[392] and Sky Ferreira[393] have also cited Love as an influence. Love has frequently been recognized as the most high-profile contributor of feminist music during the 1990s,[394] and for "subverting [the] mainstream expectations of how a woman should look, act, and sound."[395] According to music journalist Maria Raha, "Hole was the highest-profile female-fronted band of the '90s to openly and directly sing about feminism."[396] Patti Smith, a major influence of Love's, also praised her, saying: "I hate genderizing things ... [but] when I heard Hole, I was amazed to hear a girl sing like that. Janis Joplin was her own thing; she was into Big Mama Thornton and Bessie Smith. But what Courtney Love does, I'd never heard a girl do that."[397]

She has also been a gay icon since the mid-1990s,[398] and has jokingly referred to her fanbase as consisting of "females, gay guys, and a few advanced, evolved heterosexual men."[361] Love's aesthetic image, particularly in the early 1990s, also became influential, and was dubbed "kinderwhore" by critics and media. The subversive fashion mainly consisted of vintage babydoll dresses accompanied by smeared makeup and red lipstick.[111][399] MTV reporter Kurt Loder described Love as looking like "a debauched rag doll" onstage.[400][401] Love later said she had been influenced by the fashion of Chrissy Amphlett of the Divinyls.[402] Interviewed in 1994, Love commented "I would like to think–in my heart of hearts–that I'm changing some psychosexual aspects of rock music. Not that I'm so desirable. I didn't do the kinder-whore thing because I thought I was so hot. When I see the look used to make one more appealing, it pisses me off. When I started, it was a What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? thing. My angle was irony."[30]

Discography

Main article: Courtney Love discography

Hole discography

Main article: Hole discography

Solo discography

Filmography

Main article: Courtney Love filmography

Bibliography

  • Levy, Stu; Love, Courtney (2004). Princess Ai: Destitution. Vol. 1. Tokyopop [Japan: Shinshokan]. ISBN 978-1-59182-669-9.
  • Levy, Stu; Love, Courtney (2005). Princess Ai: Lumination. Vol. 2. Tokyopop [Japan: Shinshokan]. ISBN 978-1-59182-670-5.
  • Levy, Stu; Love, Courtney (2006). Princess Ai: Evolution. Vol. 3. Tokyopop [Japan: Shinshokan]. ISBN 978-1-59182-671-2.
  • Love, Courtney (2006). Dirty Blonde: The Diaries of Courtney Love. Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0-86547-959-3.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Some publications have noted that Love was born Love Michelle Harrison, ostensibly based on claims Love made early in her career that she had been born with the first name Love.[citation needed]
  2. ^ There are several different versions in circulation of how Sugar Babydoll (and later, Pagan Babies) formed. The version told in the E! True Hollywood Story as told by Kat Bjelland fails to mention the alternate names of the group, though Love's 1998 biography by Poppy Z. Brite notes the shift in name from Sugar Babylon to Sugar Babydoll.[68]
  3. ^ There are varying accounts of how Love and Cobain were introduced, though the most commonly-repeated location of their meeting is the Satyricon nightclub in Portland, Oregon. Love stated in a 2010 interview that she first met Cobain there while performing spoken word at a Dharma Bums show. Journalist Michael Azerrad dates their meeting at the Satyricon in 1989, though Cobain biographer Charles Cross has claimed the date was actually February 12, 1990.[126] However, Mark Arm of Mudhoney suggested that the story about Love and Cobain meeting at the Satyricon was apocryphal, and that she had inquired about Cobain while she and Arm were on tour together in the fall of 1991.[127] According to Eric Erlandson per his 2012 book Letters to Kurt, both he and Love were formally introduced to Cobain on May 17, 1991, at the Hollywood Palladium after a Butthole Surfers concert. Alternately, Lori Barbero of Babes in Toyland claimed to have introduced the two at the 1991 Reading Festival during the filming of 1991: The Year Punk Broke.[127]
  4. ^ As of 2003, Pretty on the Inside had sold over 200,000 copies in the U.S.;[380] Live Through This, 1,600,000; Celebrity Skin, 1,400,000 (the latter two per 2010 approximations).[381]

References

  1. ^ a b c Brite 1998, p. 24.
  2. ^ Carroll 2005, p. 144.
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March 17, 2023
courtney, love, american, football, coach, american, football, band, lois, maffeo, courtney, michelle, love, née, harrison, born, july, 1964, american, singer, guitarist, songwriter, actress, figure, alternative, grunge, scenes, 1990s, career, spanned, four, d. For the American football coach see Courtney Love American football For the band see Lois Maffeo Courtney Michelle Love a nee Harrison born July 9 1964 is an American singer guitarist songwriter and actress A figure in the alternative and grunge scenes of the 1990s her career has spanned four decades She rose to prominence as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the alternative rock band Hole which she formed in 1989 Love has drawn public attention for her uninhibited live performances and confrontational lyrics as well as her highly publicized personal life following her marriage to Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain In 2020 NME named her one of the most influential singers in alternative culture of the last 30 years Courtney LoveLove in 2014BornCourtney Michelle Harrison 1964 07 09 July 9 1964 age 58 San Francisco California U S Other namesCourtney Rodriguez 1 Courtney Menely 1 Courtney Love CobainOccupationsSingermusiciansongwriteractressYears active1981 presentSpousesJames Moreland m 1989 ann 1989 wbr Kurt Cobain m 1992 died 1994 wbr ChildrenFrances Bean CobainParentLinda Carroll mother RelativesPaula Fox grandmother Paul Hervey Fox great grandfather AwardsFull listMusical careerOriginPortland Oregon U S GenresAlternative rockpunk rocknoise rockgrungepower popInstrument s VocalsguitarLabelsSympathy for the Record IndustryCarolineDGCVirginGhost RampFormerly ofHoleSugar BabydollPagan BabiesFaith No MoreLove had an itinerant childhood but was primarily raised in Portland Oregon where she played in a series of short lived bands and was active in the local punk scene After briefly being in a juvenile hall she spent a year living in Dublin and Liverpool before returning to the United States and pursuing an acting career She appeared in supporting roles in the Alex Cox films Sid and Nancy 1986 and Straight to Hell 1987 before forming the band Hole in Los Angeles with guitarist Eric Erlandson The group received critical acclaim from underground rock press for their 1991 debut album produced by Kim Gordon while their second release Live Through This 1994 was met with critical accolades and multi platinum sales In 1995 Love returned to acting earning a Golden Globe Award nomination for her performance as Althea Leasure in Milos Forman s The People vs Larry Flynt 1996 which established her as a mainstream actress The following year Hole s third album Celebrity Skin 1998 was nominated for three Grammy Awards Love continued to work as an actress into the early 2000s appearing in big budget pictures such as Man on the Moon 1999 and Trapped 2002 before releasing her first solo album America s Sweetheart in 2004 The subsequent several years were marred with publicity surrounding Love s legal troubles and drug relapse which resulted in a mandatory lockdown rehabilitation sentence in 2005 while she was writing a second solo album That project became Nobody s Daughter released in 2010 as a Hole album but without the former Hole lineup Between 2014 and 2015 Love released two solo singles and returned to acting in the network series Sons of Anarchy and Empire In 2020 she confirmed she was writing new music Love has also been active as a writer she co created and co wrote three volumes of a manga Princess Ai between 2004 and 2006 and wrote a memoir Dirty Blonde The Diaries of Courtney Love 2006 Contents 1 Life and career 1 1 1964 1982 Childhood and education 1 2 1983 1987 Early music projects and film 1 3 1988 1991 Beginnings of Hole 1 4 1992 1995 Marriage to Kurt Cobain Live Through This and breakthrough 1 5 1996 2002 Acting success and Celebrity Skin 1 6 2003 2008 Solo work and legal troubles 1 7 2009 2012 Hole revival and visual art 1 8 2013 2015 Return to acting libel lawsuits 1 9 2016 present Fashion and forthcoming music 2 Artistry 2 1 Influences 2 2 Musical style and lyrics 2 3 Performance 3 Philanthropy 4 Influence 5 Discography 5 1 Hole discography 5 2 Solo discography 6 Filmography 7 Bibliography 8 Footnotes 9 References 9 1 Sources 10 External linksLife and careerSee also List of awards and nominations received by Courtney Love 1964 1982 Childhood and education Courtney Michelle Harrison was born July 9 1964 at Saint Francis Memorial Hospital in San Francisco California 2 the first child of psychotherapist Linda Carroll nee Risi born 1944 and Hank Harrison 1941 2022 3 a publisher and road manager for the Grateful Dead 4 5 Her parents met at a party held for Dizzy Gillespie in 1963 and the two married in Reno Nevada after Carroll discovered she was pregnant 6 7 Carroll who was adopted at birth 8 is the biological daughter of novelist Paula Fox 9 10 11 Love s matrilineal great grandmother was Elsie Fox nee de Sola 12 a Cuban writer who co wrote the film The Last Train from Madrid with Love s great grandfather Paul Hervey Fox cousin of writer Faith Baldwin and actor Douglas Fairbanks 13 14 Phil Lesh the founding bassist of the Grateful Dead is Love s godfather 15 16 According to Love she was named after Courtney Farrell the protagonist of Pamela Moore s 1956 novel Chocolates for Breakfast 17 Love is of Cuban English German Irish and Welsh descent 18 Through her mother s subsequent marriages Love has two younger half sisters three younger half brothers one of whom died in infancy and one adopted brother 19 20 Love spent her early years in Haight Ashbury San Francisco until her parents divorced in 1970 11 21 In a custody hearing her mother as well as one of her father s girlfriends testified that Hank had dosed Courtney with LSD when she was a toddler 11 21 22 Carroll also alleged that Hank threatened to abduct his daughter and flee with her to a foreign country 6 Though Hank denied these allegations his custody was revoked 6 In 1970 Carroll relocated with Love to the rural community of Marcola Oregon where they lived along the Mohawk River 20 while Carroll completed her psychology degree at the University of Oregon 1 There Carroll remarried to schoolteacher Frank Rodriguez who legally adopted Love 20 Though Love was baptized a Roman Catholic 23 her mother maintained an unorthodox home according to Love There were hairy wangly ass hippies running around naked doing Gestalt therapy and her mother raised her in a gender free household with no dresses no patent leather shoes no canopy beds nothing 24 Love attended a Montessori school in Eugene Oregon where she struggled academically and socially 25 26 She has said that she began seeing psychiatrists at like age three Observational therapy TM for tots You name it I ve been there 27 At age nine a psychologist noted that she exhibited signs of autism among them tactile defensiveness 24 28 29 30 In 1972 Love s mother divorced Rodriguez remarried to sportswriter David Menely and moved the family to Nelson New Zealand 31 Love was enrolled at Nelson College for Girls 32 but soon expelled for misbehavior 33 In 1973 Carroll sent Love back to Portland Oregon 34 to be raised by her former stepfather and other family friends 35 36 At age 14 Love was arrested for shoplifting from a Portland department store 37 and remanded at Hillcrest Correctional Facility a juvenile hall in Salem Oregon 26 38 While at Hillcrest she became acquainted with records by Patti Smith the Runaways and the Pretenders who later inspired her to start a band 39 She was intermittently placed in foster care throughout late 1979 until becoming legally emancipated in 1980 22 40 after which she remained staunchly estranged from her mother 41 Shortly after her emancipation Love spent two months in Japan working as a topless dancer but was deported after her passport was confiscated 42 She returned to Portland and began working at the strip club Mary s Club 43 27 adopting the surname Love to conceal her identity she later adopted Love as her surname 20 She worked odd jobs including as a DJ at a gay disco 44 Love said she lacked social skills 45 and learned them while frequenting gay clubs and spending time with drag queens 46 During this period she enrolled at Portland State University studying English and philosophy 47 48 She later commented that had she not found a passion for music she would have sought a career working with children 49 Before Liverpool my life doesn t count Ian McCulloch and Julian Cope taught me a great deal I owe them a lot Liverpool had been a great school to become a rock star Love on her time in Liverpool 11 In 1981 Love was granted a small trust fund that had been left by her maternal grandparents which she used to travel to Dublin Ireland where her biological father was living 50 She audited courses at Trinity College studying theology for two semesters 51 52 She later received honorary patronage from Trinity s University Philosophical Society in 2010 53 While in Dublin Love met musician Julian Cope of the Teardrop Explodes at one of the band s concerts 11 Cope took a liking to Love and offered to let her stay at his Liverpool home in his absence 11 She traveled to London where she was met by her friend and future bandmate Robin Barbur from Portland 54 Recalling Cope s offer Love and Barbur moved into Cope s home with him and several other artists 11 55 including Pete de Freitas of Echo amp the Bunnymen 56 De Freitas was initially hesitant to allow the girls to stay but acquiesced as they were alarmingly young and obviously had nowhere else to go 57 Love recalled They kind of took me in I was sort of a mascot I would get them coffee or tea during rehearsals 58 Cope writes of Love frequently in his 1994 autobiography Head On in which he refers to her as the adolescent 59 In July 1982 Love returned to the United States 11 In late 1982 she attended a Faith No More concert in San Francisco and convinced the members to let her join as a singer 60 61 The group recorded material with Love as a vocalist but fired her according to keyboardist Roddy Bottum who remained Love s friend in the years after the band wanted a male energy 62 Love returned to working abroad as an erotic dancer briefly in Taiwan and then at a taxi dance hall in Hong Kong 63 64 By Love s account she first used heroin while working at the Hong Kong dance hall having mistaken it for cocaine 65 While still inebriated from the drug Love was pursued by a wealthy male client who requested that she return with him to the Philippines and gave her money to purchase new clothes 65 She used the money to purchase an airfare back to the United States 65 1983 1987 Early music projects and filmAt age 19 through her then boyfriend s mother film costume designer Bernadene Mann Love took a job at Paramount Studios cleaning out the wardrobe department of vintage pieces that had suffered dry rot or other damage 66 During this time Love became interested in vintage fashion 66 67 She subsequently returned to Portland where she formed short lived musical projects with her friends Ursula Wehr and Robin Barbur namely Sugar Babylon later known as Sugar Babydoll b 69 After meeting Kat Bjelland at the Satyricon nightclub in 1984 the two formed the group the Pagan Babies 70 Love asked Bjelland to start the band with her as a guitarist and the two moved to San Francisco in June 1985 where they recruited bassist Jennifer Finch and drummer Janis Tanaka 71 According to Bjelland Courtney didn t play an instrument at the time aside from keyboards so Bjelland would transcribe Love s musical ideas on guitar for her 26 The group played several house shows and recorded one 4 track demo before disbanding in late 1985 71 72 After Pagan Babies Love moved to Minneapolis where Bjelland had formed the group Babes in Toyland and briefly worked as a concert promoter before returning to California 26 Drummer Lori Barbero recalled Love s time in Minneapolis She lived in my house for a little while And then we did a concert at the Orpheum It was in 1988 It was called O 88 with Butthole Surfers Cows amp Bastards Run Westy Run and Babes in Toyland And I guess Maureen Herman took Courtney to the airport after she stole all the money She stayed and stayed and then the next day she wanted me to take her to the airport And so I drove her to the airport She had just had some weird fight with the guy at the desk and then she left She said I m going to go to L A and I m going to get my face done and I m going to be famous And then she did 73 Love in a publicity headshot for Straight to Hell 1986 Deciding to shift her focus to acting Love enrolled at the San Francisco Art Institute 74 and studied film under experimental director George Kuchar 75 76 featuring in one of his short films Club Vatican 77 78 79 She also took experimental theater courses in Oakland taught by Whoopi Goldberg 80 In 1985 Love submitted an audition tape for the role of Nancy Spungen in the Sid Vicious biopic Sid and Nancy 1986 and was given a minor supporting role by director Alex Cox 81 82 After filming Sid and Nancy in New York City she worked at a peep show in Times Square and squatted at the ABC No Rio social center and Pyramid Club in the East Village 83 84 The same year Cox cast her in a leading role in his film Straight to Hell 1987 85 a Spaghetti Western starring Joe Strummer Dennis Hopper and Grace Jones shot in Spain in 1986 86 87 The film was poorly reviewed by critics 88 but caught the attention of Andy Warhol who featured Love in an episode of Andy Warhol s Fifteen Minutes 89 She also had a part in the 1988 Ramones music video for I Wanna Be Sedated appearing as a bride among dozens of party guests 90 91 92 Displeased by the celebutante fame she had attained Love abandoned her acting career in 1988 and resumed work as a stripper in Oregon where she was recognized by customers at a bar in the small town of McMinnville 93 This prompted Love to go into isolation and relocate to Anchorage Alaska where she lived for three months to gather her thoughts supporting herself by working at a strip club frequented by local fishermen 94 I decided to move to Alaska because I needed to get my shit together and learn how to work she said in retrospect So I went on this sort of vision quest I got rid of all my earthly possessions I had my bad little strip clothes and some big sweaters and I moved into a trailer with a bunch of other strippers 95 1988 1991 Beginnings of Hole Main articles Hole band and Pretty on the Inside She was the most gung ho person I ve ever met She gave 180 I ve worked with some people that you ve had to coax the performance out of them With Courtney there was no attitude Don Fleming who co produced Hole s debut album with Kim Gordon on Love 96 Love performing with Hole 1989 At the end of 1988 Love taught herself to play guitar and relocated to Los Angeles 97 where she placed an ad in a local music zine I want to start a band My influences are Big Black Sonic Youth and Fleetwood Mac 98 By 1989 Love had recruited guitarist Eric Erlandson bassist Lisa Roberts her neighbor and drummer Caroline Rue whom she met at a Gwar concert 99 Love named the band Hole after a line from Euripides Medea 100 There is a hole that pierces right through me 101 and a conversation in which her mother told her that she could not live her life with a hole running through her 102 On July 23 1989 Love married Leaving Trains vocalist James Moreland in Las Vegas 103 the marriage was annulled the same year 104 She later said that Moreland was a transvestite and that they had married as a joke 105 After forming Hole Love and Erlandson had a romantic relationship that lasted over a year 106 In Hole s formative stages Love continued to work at strip clubs in Hollywood including Jumbo s Clown Room and the Seventh Veil 98 saving money to purchase backline equipment and a touring van 107 while rehearsing at a Hollywood studio loaned to her by the Red Hot Chili Peppers 108 Hole played their first show in November 1989 at Raji s a rock club in central Hollywood 109 Their debut single Retard Girl was issued in April 1990 through the Long Beach indie label Sympathy for the Record Industry and was played by Rodney Bingenheimer on local rock station KROQ 26 Hole appeared on the cover of Flipside a Los Angeles based punk fanzine 99 In early 1991 they released their second single Dicknail through Sub Pop Records 110 Garbadge Man source source Track from Pretty on the Inside 1991 illustrating Love s aggressive vocals and heavy noise rock influenced guitar Problems playing this file See media help With no wave noise rock and grindcore bands being major influences on Love 99 Hole s first studio album Pretty on the Inside captured an abrasive sound and contained disturbing graphic lyrics 111 112 described by Q as confrontational and genuinely uninhibited 113 The record was released in September 1991 on Caroline Records produced by Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth with assistant production from Gumball s Don Fleming Love and Gordon had met when Hole opened for Sonic Youth during their promotional tour for Goo at the Whisky a Go Go in November 1990 114 In early 1991 Love sent Gordon a personal letter asking her to produce the record for the band to which she agreed 112 115 Pretty on the Inside received generally positive critical reception from indie and punk rock critics 116 and was named one of the 20 best albums of the year by Spin 117 It gained a following in the United Kingdom charting at 59 on the UK Albums Chart 118 and its lead single Teenage Whore entered the UK Indie Chart at number one 119 The album s feminist slant led many to tag the band as part of the riot grrrl movement 120 a movement with which Love did not associate 121 122 The band toured in support of the record headlining with Mudhoney in Europe in the United States they opened for the Smashing Pumpkins 123 and performed at CBGB in New York City 124 During the tour Love briefly dated Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan 125 and then Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain 126 There are varying accounts of how Love and Cobain came to know one another c Journalist Michael Azerrad states that the two met in 1989 at the Satyricon nightclub in Portland Oregon though Cobain biographer Charles Cross claimed the date was actually February 12 1990 Cross said that Cobain playfully wrestled Love to the floor after she said that he looked like Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum 128 According to Love she first met Cobain at a Dharma Bums show in Portland 129 130 while Love s bandmate Eric Erlandson said that both he and Love were introduced to Cobain in a parking lot after a Butthole Surfers L7 concert at the Hollywood Palladium on May 17 1991 106 Sometime in late 1991 Love and Cobain became re acquainted through Jennifer Finch one of Love s longtime friends and former bandmates 131 132 Love and Cobain were a couple by 1992 133 134 1992 1995 Marriage to Kurt Cobain Live Through This and breakthrough Just marrying him created a mythology around me that I didn t expect for myself because I had a very controlled five year plan about how I was going to be successful in the rock industry Marrying Kurt it all kind of went sideways in a way that I could not control and I became seen in a certain light a vilified light that made Yoko Ono look like Pollyanna and I couldn t stop it Love on her public image after marrying Kurt Cobain 135 Shortly after completing the tour for Pretty on the Inside Love married Cobain on Waikiki Beach in Honolulu Hawaii on February 24 1992 136 She wore a satin and lace dress once owned by the actress Frances Farmer and Cobain wore plaid pajamas 137 During Love s pregnancy Hole recorded a cover of Over the Edge for a Wipers tribute album 138 and recorded their fourth single Beautiful Son which was released in April 1993 On August 18 the couple s only child a daughter Frances Bean Cobain was born in Los Angeles 136 They relocated to Carnation Washington and then Seattle 139 140 Love s first major media exposure came in a September 1992 profile with Cobain for Vanity Fair by Lynn Hirschberg entitled Strange Love 141 Cobain had become a major public figure following the surprise success of Nirvana s album Nevermind 142 Love was urged by her manager to participate in the cover story 143 In the year prior Love and Cobain had developed a heroin addiction the profile painted them in an unflattering light suggesting that Love had been addicted to heroin during her pregnancy 144 The Los Angeles Department of Children and Family Services investigated and custody of Frances was temporarily awarded to Love s sister Jaimee 145 Love claimed she was misquoted by Hirschberg and asserted that she had immediately quit heroin during her first trimester after she discovered she was pregnant 143 146 147 Love later said the article had serious implications for her marriage and Cobain s mental state 148 149 150 suggesting it was a factor in his suicide two years later 143 151 Love performing with Hole at Big Day Out Melbourne 1995 On September 8 1993 Love and Cobain made their only public performance together at the Rock Against Rape benefit in Hollywood performing two acoustic duets of Pennyroyal Tea and Where Did You Sleep Last Night 152 Love also performed electric versions of two new Hole songs Doll Parts and Miss World both written for their upcoming second album 152 In October 1993 Hole recorded their second album Live Through This in Atlanta The album featured a new lineup with bassist Kristen Pfaff and drummer Patty Schemel Live Through This was released on Geffen s subsidiary label DGC on April 12 1994 one week after Cobain s death from a self inflicted gunshot wound in the Seattle home he shared with Love who was in rehab in Los Angeles at the time 153 In the following months Love was rarely seen in public holing up at her home with friends and family members Cobain s remains were cremated and his ashes divided into portions by Love who kept some in a teddy bear and some in an urn 154 In June 1994 she traveled to the Namgyal Buddhist Monastery in Ithaca New York and had his ashes ceremonially blessed by Buddhist monks Another portion was mixed into clay and made into memorial sculptures 154 On June 16 1994 Hole bassist Kristen Pfaff died of a heroin overdose in Seattle 155 For the band s impending tour Love recruited Canadian bassist Melissa Auf der Maur 156 Live Through This was a commercial and critical success 157 158 159 hitting platinum RIAA certification in April 1995 and receiving numerous critical accolades 91 The success of the record combined with Cobain s suicide resulted in a high level of publicity for Love and she was featured on Barbara Walters 10 Most Fascinating People in 1995 160 Simultaneously her erratic onstage behavior and various legal troubles during Hole s 1994 1995 world tour compounded the media coverage of her 161 Hole s performance on August 26 1994 at the Reading Festival Love s first public performance following Cobain s death 162 163 was described by MTV as by turns macabre frightening and inspirational 164 John Peel wrote in The Guardian that Love s disheveled appearance would have drawn whistles of astonishment in Bedlam and that her performance verged on the heroic Love steered her band through a set which dared you to pity either her recent history or that of the band the band teetered on the edge of chaos generating a tension which I cannot remember having felt before from any stage 165 The band performed a series of riotous concerts over the following year with Love frequently appearing hysterical onstage flashing crowds stage diving and getting into fights with audience members 162 166 One journalist reported that at the band s show in Boston in December 1994 Love interrupted the music and talked about her deceased husband Kurt Cobain and also broke out into Tourette syndrome like rants The music was great but the raving was vulgar and offensive and prompted some of the audience to shout back at her 167 In January 1995 Love was arrested in Melbourne for disrupting a Qantas flight after getting into an argument with a stewardess 168 On July 4 1995 at the Lollapalooza Festival in George Washington Love threw a lit cigarette at musician Kathleen Hanna before punching her in the face alleging that Hanna had made a joke about her daughter 169 She pleaded guilty to an assault charge and was sentenced to anger management classes 170 171 In November 1995 two male teenagers sued Love for allegedly punching them during a Hole concert in Orlando Florida in March 1995 The judge dismissed the case on grounds that the teens weren t exposed to any greater amount of violence than could reasonably be expected at an alternative rock concert 172 Love later said she had little memory of 1994 1995 108 as she had been using large quantities of heroin and Rohypnol at the time 108 173 1996 2002 Acting success and Celebrity Skin I went for that part so hard because I felt a need for atonement for some cultural damage that had arisen out of me and things that I had done By doing that role I felt that personally and creatively I could exemplify why this was the most un glorious unglamorous fucked up thing And then bang I was done with all that I could fuck off and do something else Love on her role in The People vs Larry Flynt 1996 174 After Hole s world tour concluded in 1996 Love made a return to acting first in small roles in the Jean Michel Basquiat biopic Basquiat and the drama Feeling Minnesota 1996 175 and then a starring role as Larry Flynt s wife Althea in Milos Forman s critically acclaimed 1996 film The People vs Larry Flynt Love went through rehabilitation and quit using heroin at the insistence of Forman she was ordered to take multiple urine tests under the supervision of Columbia Pictures while filming and passed all of them 176 177 Despite Columbia Pictures initial reluctance to hire Love due to her troubled past 176 her performance received acclaim earning a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress 178 and a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress 179 Critic Roger Ebert called her work in the film quite a performance Love proves she is not a rock star pretending to act but a true actress 180 She won several other awards from various film critic associations for the film 181 182 During this time Love maintained what the media noted as a more decorous public image 183 and she appeared in ad campaigns for Versace 184 185 186 and in a Vogue Italia spread 187 Following the release of The People vs Larry Flynt she dated her co star Edward Norton with whom she remained until 1999 188 189 In late 1997 Hole released the compilations My Body the Hand Grenade and The First Session both of which featured previously recorded material Love attracted media attention in May 1998 after punching journalist Belissa Cohen at a party the suit was settled out of court for an undisclosed sum 190 In September 1998 Hole released their third studio album Celebrity Skin which featured a stark power pop sound that contrasted with their earlier punk influences 191 Love divulged her ambition of making an album where art meets commerce there are no compromises made it has commercial appeal and it sticks to our original vision 191 She said she was influenced by Neil Young Fleetwood Mac and My Bloody Valentine when writing the album 191 192 Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan co wrote several songs Celebrity Skin was well received by critics Rolling Stone called it accessible fiery and intimate often at the same time a basic guitar record that s anything but basic 193 Celebrity Skin went multi platinum and topped Best of Year lists at Spin and The Village Voice 91 It garnered Hole s only number one single on the Modern Rock Tracks chart with Celebrity Skin 194 Hole promoted the album through MTV performances and at the 1998 Billboard Music Awards 195 and were nominated for three Grammy Awards at the 41st Grammy Awards ceremony 196 Before the release of Celebrity Skin Love and Fender designed a low priced Squier brand guitar the Vista Venus 197 The instrument featured a shape inspired by Mercury a little known independent guitar manufacturer 198 Stratocaster and Rickenbacker s solid body guitars and had a single coil and a humbucker pickup and was available in 6 string and 12 string versions 198 In an early 1999 interview Love said about the Venus I wanted a guitar that sounded really warm and pop but which required just one box to go dirty And something that could also be your first band guitar I didn t want it all teched out I wanted it real simple with just one pickup switch 197 Hole toured with Marilyn Manson on the Beautiful Monsters Tour in 1999 but dropped out after nine performances Love and Manson disagreed over production costs and Hole was forced to open for Manson under an agreement with Interscope Records 199 Hole resumed touring with Imperial Teen 200 201 Love later said Hole also abandoned the tour due to Manson and Korn s whom they also toured with in Australia sexualized treatment of teenage female audience members 202 Love told interviewers at 99X FM in Atlanta What I really don t like there are certain girls that like us or like me who are really messed up they re very young and they do not need to be taken and raped or filmed having enema contests they were going out into the audience and picking up fourteen and fifteen year old girls who obviously cut themselves and then I had to see them in the morning it s just uncool 199 In 1999 Love was awarded an Orville H Gibson award for Best Female Rock Guitarist 203 During this time she starred opposite Jim Carrey as his partner Lynne Margulies in the Andy Kaufman biopic Man on the Moon 1999 followed by a role as William S Burroughs s wife Joan Vollmer in Beat 2000 alongside Kiefer Sutherland 204 Love was cast as the lead in John Carpenter s sci fi horror film Ghosts of Mars but backed out after injuring her foot 205 She sued the ex wife of her then boyfriend James Barber whom Love alleged had caused the injury by running over her foot with her Volvo 206 The following year she returned to film opposite Lili Taylor in Julie Johnson 2001 in which she played a woman who has a lesbian relationship Love won an Outstanding Actress award at L A s Outfest 207 She was then cast in the thriller Trapped 2002 alongside Kevin Bacon and Charlize Theron 208 The film was a box office flop 209 In the interim Hole had become dormant 196 210 In March 2001 Love began a punk rock femme supergroup Bastard enlisting Schemel Veruca Salt co frontwoman Louise Post and bassist Gina Crosley 211 Post recalled Love was like Listen you guys I ve been in my Malibu manicure movie star world for two years alright I wanna make a record And let s leave all that grunge shit behind us eh We were being so improvisational and singing together and with a trust developing between us It was the shit 212 The group recorded a demo tape but by September 2001 Post and Crosley had left with Post citing unhealthy and unprofessional working conditions 213 214 In May 2002 Hole announced their breakup amid continuing litigation with Universal Music Group over their record contract 215 In 1997 Love and former Nirvana members Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl formed a limited liability company Nirvana LLC to manage Nirvana s business dealings 216 In June 2001 Love filed a lawsuit to dissolve it blocking the release of unreleased Nirvana material and delaying the release of the Nirvana compilation With the Lights Out Grohl and Novoselic sued Love calling her irrational mercurial self centered unmanageable inconsistent and unpredictable 217 She responded with a letter stating that Kurt Cobain was Nirvana and that she and his family were the rightful heirs to the Nirvana legacy 218 2003 2008 Solo work and legal troubles In February 2003 Love was arrested at Heathrow Airport for disrupting a flight and was banned from Virgin Airlines 219 In October she was arrested in Los Angeles after breaking several windows of her producer and then boyfriend James Barber s home and was charged with being under the influence of a controlled substance 220 the ordeal resulted in her temporarily losing custody of her daughter 221 After the breakup of Hole Love began composing material with songwriter Linda Perry and in July 2003 signed a contract with Virgin Records 222 She began recording her debut solo album America s Sweetheart in France shortly after 223 Virgin Records released America s Sweetheart in February 2004 it received mixed reviews 224 Charles Aaron of Spin called it a jaw dropping act of artistic will and a fiery proper follow up to 1994 s Live Through This and awarded it eight out of ten 225 while Amy Phillips of The Village Voice wrote Love is willing to act out the dream of every teenage brat who ever wanted to have a glamorous high profile hissyfit and she turns those egocentric nervous breakdowns into art Sure the art becomes less compelling when you ve been pulling the same stunts for a decade But honestly is there anybody out there who fucks up better 226 The album sold fewer than 100 000 copies 91 Love later expressed regret over the record 227 blaming her drug problems at the time 228 Shortly after it was released she told Kurt Loder on TRL I cannot exist as a solo artist It s a joke 229 On March 17 2004 Love appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman to promote America s Sweetheart 230 Her appearance drew media coverage when she lifted her shirt multiple times 231 flashed Letterman and stood on his desk 230 The New York Times wrote The episode was not altogether surprising for Ms Love 39 whose most public moments have veered from extreme pathos like the time she read the suicide note of her famous husband Kurt Cobain on MTV to angry feminism to catfights to incoherent ranting 232 Hours later in the early morning of March 18 Love was arrested in Manhattan for allegedly striking a fan with a microphone stand during a small concert in the East Village 232 She was released within hours and performed a scheduled concert the following evening at the Bowery Ballroom 232 Four days later she called in multiple times to The Howard Stern Show claiming in broadcast conversations with Stern that the incident had not occurred and that actress Natasha Lyonne who was at the concert was told by the alleged victim that he had been paid 10 000 to file a false claim leading to Love s arrest 233 234 On July 9 2004 her 40th birthday Love was arrested for failing to make a court appearance for the March 2004 charges and taken to Bellevue Hospital allegedly incoherent where she was placed on a 72 hour watch 235 According to police she was believed to be a potential danger to herself but deemed mentally sound and released to a rehab facility two days later 236 237 Amidst public criticism and press coverage comedian Margaret Cho published an opinion piece Courtney Deserves Better from Feminists arguing that negative associations of Love with her drug and personal problems including from feminists overshadowed her music and wellbeing 238 Love pleaded guilty in October 2004 to disorderly conduct over the incident in East Village 239 Love performing in London 2007 Love s appearance as a roaster on the Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson in August 2005 in which she appeared intoxicated and disheveled attracted further media attention 240 One review said that Love acted as if she belonged in an institution 240 Six days after the broadcast Love was sentenced to a 28 day lockdown rehab program for being under the influence of a controlled substance violating her probation 241 To avoid jail time she accepted an additional 180 day rehab sentence in September 2005 242 In November 2005 after completing the program Love was discharged from the rehab center under the provision that she complete further outpatient rehab 243 In subsequent interviews Love said she had been addicted to substances including prescription drugs cocaine and crack cocaine 244 245 She said she had been sober since completing rehabilitation in 2007 and cited her Soka Gakkai Buddhist practice which she began in 1988 246 247 as integral to her sobriety 248 249 In the midst of her legal troubles Love had endeavors in writing and publishing She co wrote a semi autobiographical manga Princess Ai Japanese プリンセス アイ物語 with Stu Levy illustrated by Misaho Kujiradou and Ai Yazawa it was released in three volumes in the United States and Japan between 2004 and 2006 250 251 In 2006 Love published a memoir Dirty Blonde and began recording her second solo album How Dirty Girls Get Clean 252 collaborating again with Perry and Billy Corgan Love had written several songs including an anti cocaine song titled Loser Dust during her time in rehab in 2005 253 She told Billboard My hand eye coordination was so bad after the drug use I didn t even know chords anymore It was like my fingers were frozen And I wasn t allowed to make noise in rehab I never thought I would work again 254 Tracks and demos for the album leaked online in 2006 and a documentary The Return of Courtney Love detailing the making of the album aired on the British television network More4 in the fall of that year A rough acoustic version of Never Go Hungry Again recorded during an interview for The Times in November was also released Incomplete audio clips of the song Samantha originating from an interview with NPR were distributed on the internet in 2007 255 2009 2012 Hole revival and visual art Love with Patty Schemel left at the premiere of Hit So Hard at the Museum of Modern Art 2011 In March 2009 fashion designer Dawn Simorangkir brought a libel suit against Love concerning a defamatory post Love made on her Twitter account 256 which was eventually settled for 450 000 257 Several months later in June 2009 NME published an article detailing Love s plan to reunite Hole and release a new album Nobody s Daughter 258 In response former Hole guitarist Eric Erlandson stated in Spin magazine that contractually no reunion could take place without his involvement therefore Nobody s Daughter would remain Love s solo record as opposed to a Hole record 259 Love responded to Erlandson s comments in a Twitter post claiming he s out of his mind Hole is my band my name and my Trademark 260 Nobody s Daughter was released worldwide as a Hole album on April 27 2010 For the new line up Love recruited guitarist Micko Larkin Shawn Dailey bass guitar and Stu Fisher drums percussion Nobody s Daughter featured material written and recorded for Love s unfinished solo album How Dirty Girls Get Clean including Pacific Coast Highway Letter to God Samantha and Never Go Hungry although they were re produced in the studio with Larkin and engineer Michael Beinhorn 261 The album s subject matter was largely centered on Love s tumultuous life between 2003 and 2007 and featured a polished folk rock sound and more acoustic guitar work than previous Hole albums 262 Love performing with Hole at Afisha Picnic in Moscow 2011 The first single from Nobody s Daughter was Skinny Little Bitch released to promote the album in March 2010 263 The album received mixed reviews 264 Robert Sheffield of Rolling Stone gave the album three out of five saying Love worked hard on these songs instead of just babbling a bunch of druggy bullshit and assuming people would buy it the way she did on her 2004 flop America s Sweetheart 265 Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine also gave the album three out of five It s Marianne Faithfull s substance ravaged voice that comes to mind most often while listening to songs like Honey and For Once in Your Life The latter track is in fact one of Love s most raw and vulnerable vocal performances to date the song offers a rare glimpse into the mind of a woman who for the last 15 years has been as famous for being a rock star as she s been for being a victim 266 Love and the band toured internationally from 2010 into late 2012 promoting the record with their pre release shows in London and at South by Southwest receiving critical acclaim 227 In 2011 Love participated in Hit So Hard a documentary chronicling bandmate Schemel s time in Hole 267 In May 2012 Love debuted an art collection at Fred Torres Collaborations in New York titled And She s Not Even Pretty 268 which contained over 40 drawings and paintings by Love composed in ink colored pencil pastels and watercolors 269 270 Later in the year she collaborated with Michael Stipe on the track Rio Grande for Johnny Depp s sea shanty album Son of Rogues Gallery 271 and in 2013 co wrote and contributed vocals on Rat A Tat from Fall Out Boy s album Save Rock and Roll also appearing in the song s music video 272 2013 2015 Return to acting libel lawsuits After dropping the Hole name and performing as a solo artist 273 in late 2012 274 Love appeared in spring 2013 advertisements for Yves Saint Laurent alongside Kim Gordon and Ariel Pink 275 Love completed a solo tour of North America in mid 2013 276 277 which was purported to be in promotion of an upcoming solo album however it was ultimately dubbed a greatest hits tour and featured songs from Love s and Hole s back catalogue 278 Love told Billboard at the time that she had recorded eight songs in the studio 279 Love was subject of a second landmark libel lawsuit brought against her in January 2014 by her former attorney Rhonda Holmes who accused Love of online defamation seeking 8 million in damages 280 It was the first case of alleged Twitter based libel in U S history to make it to trial 281 The jury however found in Love s favor 280 A subsequent defamation lawsuit filed by fashion designer Simorangkir in February 2014 however resulted in Love being ordered to pay a further 350 000 in recompense 257 On April 22 2014 Love debuted the song You Know My Name on BBC Radio 6 to promote her tour of the United Kingdom 282 It was released as a double A side single with the song Wedding Day on May 4 2014 on her own label Cherry Forever Records via Kobalt Label Services 283 The tracks were produced by Michael Beinhorn and feature Tommy Lee on drums 284 In an interview with the BBC Love revealed that she and former Hole guitarist Eric Erlandson had reconciled and had been rehearsing new material together along with former bassist Melissa Auf der Maur and drummer Patty Schemel though she did not confirm a reunion of the band 285 On May 1 2014 in an interview with Pitchfork Love commented further on the possibility of Hole reuniting saying I m not going to commit to it happening because we want an element of surprise There s a lot of is to be dotted and ts to be crossed 286 287 Love performing in Ventura California 2015 Love was cast in several television series in supporting parts throughout 2014 including the FX series Sons of Anarchy 288 Revenge 289 and Lee Daniels network series Empire in a recurring guest role as Elle Dallas 290 The track Walk Out on Me featuring Love was included on the Empire Original Soundtrack from Season 1 album which debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200 291 Alexis Petridis of The Guardian praised the track saying The idea of Courtney Love singing a ballad with a group of gospel singers seems faintly terrifying The reality is brilliant Love s voice fits the careworn lyrics effortlessly summoning the kind of ravaged darkness that Lana Del Rey nearly ruptures herself trying to conjure up 292 In January 2015 Love starred in a New York City stage production Kansas City Choir Boy a pop opera conceived by and co starring Todd Almond 293 Charles Isherwood of The New York Times praised her performance noting a soft edged and bewitching stage presence and wrote Her voice never the most supple or rangy of instruments retains the singular sound that made her an electrifying front woman for the band Hole a single sustained noted can seem to simultaneously contain a plea a wound and a threat 294 The show toured later in the year with performances in Boston and Los Angeles 295 In April 2015 the journalist Anthony Bozza sued Love alleging a contractual violation regarding his co writing of her memoir 296 Love performed as the opening act for Lana Del Rey on her Endless Summer Tour for eight West Coast shows in May and June 2015 297 During her tenure Love debuted the single Miss Narcissist released on Wavves independent label Ghost Ramp 298 She was also cast in a supporting role in James Franco s film The Long Home based on the novel by William Gay her first film role in over ten years 299 as of 2022 it remains unreleased 300 2016 present Fashion and forthcoming music Love in 2016 In January 2016 Love released a clothing line in collaboration with Sophia Amoruso Love Courtney featuring 18 pieces reflecting her personal style 301 In November 2016 she began filming the pilot for A Midsummer s Nightmare a Shakespeare anthology series adapted for Lifetime 302 She starred as Kitty Menendez in Menendez Blood Brothers a biopic television film based on the lives of Lyle and Erik Menendez which premiered on Lifetime in June 2017 303 In October 2017 shortly after the Harvey Weinstein scandal made news a 2005 video of Love warning young actresses about Weinstein went viral 304 305 In the footage while on the red carpet for the Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson Love was asked by Natasha Leggero if she had any advice for a young girl moving to Hollywood she responded If Harvey Weinstein invites you to a private party in the Four Seasons hotel don t go 304 She later tweeted Although I wasn t one of his victims I was eternally banned by Creative Artists Agency for speaking out 306 307 In the same year Love was cast in Justin Kelly s biopic JT LeRoy portraying a film producer opposite Laura Dern 308 In March 2018 she appeared in the music video for Marilyn Manson s Tattooed in Reverse 309 and in April she appeared as a guest judge on RuPaul s Drag Race 310 In December Love was awarded a restraining order against Sam Lutfi who had acted as her manager for the previous six years alleging verbal abuse and harassment 311 Her daughter Frances and sister Jaimee were also awarded restraining orders against Lutfi 311 In January 2019 a Los Angeles County judge extended the three year order to five years citing Lutfi s tendency to prey upon people 312 On August 18 2019 Love performed a solo set at the Yola Dia festival in Los Angeles which also featured performances by Cat Power and Lykke Li 313 On September 9 Love garnered press attention when she publicly criticized Joss Sackler an heiress to the Sackler family OxyContin fortune after she allegedly offered Love 100 000 to attend her fashion show during New York Fashion Week 314 In the same statement Love indicated that she had relapsed into opioid addiction in 2018 stating that she had recently celebrated a year of sobriety 314 In October 2019 Love relocated from Los Angeles to London 315 On November 21 2019 Love recorded the song Mother written and produced by Lawrence Rothman as part of the soundtrack for the horror film The Turning 2020 316 In January 2020 she received the Icon Award at the NME Awards NME described her as one of the most influential singers in alternative culture of the last 30 years 317 The following month she confirmed she was writing a new record which she described as really sad I m writing in minor chords and that appeals to my sadness 318 In March 2021 Love said she had been hospitalized with acute anemia in August 2020 which had nearly killed her and reduced her weight to 97 pounds 44 kg she made a full recovery 319 In August 2022 Love revealed the completion of her memoir The Girl with the Most Cake after a nearly ten year period of writing 320 ArtistryInfluences Love has been candid about her diverse musical influences the earliest being Patti Smith The Runaways and The Pretenders artists she discovered while in juvenile hall as a young teenager 39 As a child her first exposure to music was records that her parents received each month through Columbia Record Club 321 The first record Love owned was Leonard Cohen s Songs of Leonard Cohen 1967 which she obtained from her mother He was so lyric conscious and morbid and I was a pretty morbid kid she recalled 321 As a teenager she named Flipper Kate Bush Soft Cell Joni Mitchell Laura Nyro 322 Lou Reed and Dead Kennedys among her favorite artists 55 While in Dublin at age fifteen Love attended a Virgin Prunes concert an event she credited as being a pivotal influence I had never seen so much sex snarl poetry evil restraint grace filth raw power and the very essence of rock and roll she recalled I had seen U2 who gave me lashes of love and inspiration and a few nights later the Virgin Prunes fucked me up 323 Decades later in 2009 Love introduced the band s frontman Gavin Friday at a Carnegie Hall event and performed a song with him 323 Though often associated with punk music Love has noted that her most significant musical influences have been post punk and new wave artists 324 Commenting in 2021 Love said There s this idea of Courtney is punk and stuck in 1995 but that s not the case I was more influenced by new wave or post punk My number one greatest song of all time is Love Will Tear Us Apart by Joy Division and I will take no fucking prisoners in that battle But the band that affected me more than even Leonard Cohen and Bob Dylan was Echo and the Bunnymen 324 Over the years Love has also named several other new wave and post punk bands as influences including The Smiths 325 Siouxsie and the Banshees 326 Television 326 and Bauhaus 325 Love s diverse genre interests were illustrated in a 1991 interview with Flipside in which she stated There s a part of me that wants to have a grindcore band and another that wants to have a Raspberries type pop band 99 Discussing the abrasive sound of Hole s debut album she said she felt she had to catch up with all my hip peers who d gone all indie on me and who made fun of me for liking R E M and The Smiths 322 She has also embraced the influence of experimental artists and punk rock groups including Sonic Youth Swans 327 Big Black Diamanda Galas 328 the Germs and The Stooges 329 While writing Celebrity Skin she drew influence from Neil Young and My Bloody Valentine 191 She has also cited her contemporary PJ Harvey as an influence saying The one rock star that makes me know I m shit is Polly Harvey I m nothing next to the purity that she experiences 330 Literature and poetry have often been a major influence on her songwriting Love said she had always wanted to be a poet but there was no money in it 331 She has named the works of T S Eliot and Charles Baudelaire as influential 332 333 and referenced works by Dante Rossetti 334 William Shakespeare 335 Rudyard Kipling and Anne Sexton in her lyrics 336 Musical style and lyrics Musically Love s work with Hole and her solo efforts have been characterized as alternative rock 337 Hole s early material however was described by critics as being stylistically closer to grindcore and aggressive punk rock 338 Spin s October 1991 review of Hole s first album noted Love s layering of harsh and abrasive riffs buried more sophisticated musical arrangements 339 In 1998 she stated that Hole had always been a pop band We always had a subtext of pop I always talked about it if you go back what ll sound like some weird Sonic Youth tuning back then to you was sounding like the Raspberries to me in my demented pop framework 191 Love s lyrical content is composed from a female s point of view 340 and her lyrics have been described as literate and mordant 341 and noted by scholars for articulating a third wave feminist consciousness 342 Simon Reynolds in reviewing Hole s debut album noted Ms Love s songs explore the full spectrum of female emotions from vulnerability to rage The songs are fueled by adolescent traumas feelings of disgust about the body passionate friendships with women and the desire to escape domesticity Her lyrical style could be described as emotional nudism 340 Journalist and critic Kim France in critiquing Love s lyrics referred to her as a dark genius and likened her work to that of Anne Sexton 343 Love has remarked that lyrics have always been the most important component of songwriting for her The important thing for me is it has to look good on the page I mean you can love Led Zeppelin and not love their lyrics but I made a big effort in my career to have what s on the page mean something 344 Common themes present in Love s lyrics during her early career included body image rape suicide conformity pregnancy prostitution and death 345 346 In a 1991 interview with Everett True she said I try to place beautiful imagery next to fucked up imagery because that s how I view things I sometimes feel that no one s taken the time to write about certain things in rock that there s a certain female point of view that s never been given space 347 Critics have noted that Love s later musical work is more lyrically introspective 348 Celebrity Skin and America s Sweetheart are lyrically centered on celebrity life Hollywood and drug addiction while continuing Love s interest in vanity and body image Nobody s Daughter was lyrically reflective of Love s past relationships and her struggle for sobriety with the majority of its lyrics written while she was in rehab in 2006 349 Performance Love pictured playing a Fender Mustang in 2012 has often played both Fender and Rickenbacker guitars throughout her career Love has a contralto vocal range 350 According to Love she never wanted to be a singer but rather aspired to be a skilled guitarist I m such a lazy bastard though that I never did that she said I was always the only person with the nerve to sing and so I got stuck with it 332 She has been regularly noted by critics for her husky vocals as well as her banshee like screaming abilities 351 352 Her vocals have been compared to those of Johnny Rotten 353 354 and David Fricke of Rolling Stone described them as lung busting and a corrosive lunatic wail 353 Upon the release of Hole s 2010 album Nobody s Daughter Amanda Petrusich of Pitchfork compared Love s raspy unpolished vocals to those of Bob Dylan 355 She has played a variety of Fender guitars throughout her career including a Jaguar and a vintage 1965 Jazzmaster the latter was purchased by the Hard Rock Cafe and is on display in New York City 356 Between 1989 and 1991 Love primarily played a Rickenbacker 425 357 because she preferred the 3 4 neck 197 but she destroyed the guitar onstage at a 1991 concert opening for the Smashing Pumpkins 123 In the mid 1990s she often played a guitar made by Mercury an obscure company that manufactured custom guitars 198 as well as a Univox Hi Flier 358 Fender s Vista Venus designed by Love in 1998 was partially inspired by Rickenbacker guitars as well as her Mercury 198 During tours after the release of Nobody s Daughter post 2010 Love has played a Rickenbacker 360 onstage 359 Her setup has included Fender tube gear Matchless Ampeg Silvertone and a solid state 1976 Randall Commander 197 Love has referred to herself as a shit guitar player further commenting in a 2014 interview I can still write a song but the guitar playing sounds like shit I used to be a good rhythm player but I am no longer dependable 360 Throughout her career she has also garnered a reputation for unpredictable live shows 166 In the 1990s her performances with Hole were characterized by confrontational behavior with Love stage diving smashing guitars 123 or throwing them into the audience 361 wandering into the crowd at the end of sets 361 and engaging in sometimes incoherent rants 167 Critics and journalists have noted Love for her comical often stream of consciousness like stage banter 362 363 Music journalist Robert Hilburn wrote in 1993 that rather than simply scripted patter Love s comments between songs have the natural feel of someone who is sharing her immediate feelings 364 In a review of a live performance published in 2010 it was noted that Love s onstage one liners were worthy of the Comedy Store 363 PhilanthropyIn 1993 Love and husband Kurt Cobain performed an acoustic set together at the Rock Against Rape benefit in Los Angeles which raised awareness and provided resources for victims of sexual abuse 152 In 2000 Love publicly advocated for reform of the record industry in a personal letter published by Salon 365 In the letter Love said It s not piracy when kids swap music over the Internet using Napster or Gnutella or Freenet or iMesh or beaming their CDs into a My MP3 com or MyPlay com music locker It s piracy when those guys that run those companies make side deals with the cartel lawyers and label heads so that they can be the label s friend and not the artists 365 In a subsequent interview with Carrie Fisher she said that she was interested in starting a union for recording artists 18 and also discussed race relations in the music industry advocating for record companies to put money back into the black community whom white people have been stealing from for years 366 Love has been a long standing supporter of LGBT causes 367 She has frequently collaborated with Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center taking part in the center s An Evening with Women events 368 The proceeds of the event help provide food and shelter for homeless youth services for seniors legal assistance domestic violence services health and mental health services and cultural arts programs Love participated with Linda Perry for the event in 2012 and performed alongside Aimee Mann and comedian Wanda Sykes Speaking on her collaboration on the event Love said Seven thousand kids in Los Angeles a year go out on the street and forty percent of those kids are gay lesbian or transgendered They come out to their parents and become homeless for whatever reason I don t really know why but gay men have a lot of foundations I ve played many of them but the lesbian side of it doesn t have as much money and or donors so we re excited that this has grown to cover women and women s affairs 369 She has also contributed to AIDS organizations partaking in benefits for amfAR 370 and the RED Campaign 371 In May 2011 she donated six of her husband Cobain s personal vinyl records for auction at Mariska Hargitay s Joyful Heart Foundation event for victims of child abuse rape and domestic violence 372 She has also supported the Sophie Lancaster Foundation 373 Influence Love pictured in 2015 with her leg supported on the monitor noted by critics as one of her signature stage moves 101 374 Love has had an impact on female fronted alternative acts and performers 375 She has been cited as influential on young female instrumentalists in particular 376 having once infamously proclaimed I want every girl in the world to pick up a guitar and start screaming 377 I strap on that motherfucking guitar and you cannot fuck with me That s my feeling 378 In The Electric Guitar A History of an American Icon it is noted Love truly lived up to Paul Westerberg s The Replacements assessment of pretty girls playing makeup wearing guitar She frequently stood on stage microphone in hand and foot on monitor and simply let her Fender guitar dangle around her neck She truly embodied the empowerment that came with playing the electric guitar Love depended heavily upon her male lead guitar foil Eric Erlandson but the rest of her band remained exclusively female throughout several lineup changes 374 When you re dying and your life is flashing before your eyes you re gonna be thinking about the great things you did the horrible things that you did the emotional impact that someone had on you and that you had on somebody else Those are the things that are relevant To have some sort of emotional impact that transcends time that s great Love on having a cultural impact 1997 379 With over 3 million records sold in the United States alone d Hole became one of the most successful rock bands of all time fronted by a woman 376 381 VH1 ranked Love no 69 in their list of The 100 Greatest Women in Music History in 2012 382 In 2015 the Phoenix New Times declared Love the number one greatest female rock star of all time writing To build a perfect rock star there are several crucial ingredients musical talent physical attractiveness tumultuous relationships substance abuse and public meltdowns just to name a few These days Love seems to have rebounded from her epic tailspin and has leveled out in a slightly more normal manner but there s no doubt that her life to date is the type of story people wouldn t believe in a novel or a movie 383 Among the alternative musicians who have cited Love as an influence are Scout Niblett 384 Brody Dalle of The Distillers 385 Dee Dee Penny of Dum Dum Girls 386 Victoria Legrand of Beach House 387 Annie Hardy of Giant Drag 388 and Nine Black Alps 389 Contemporary female pop artists Lana Del Rey 390 Avril Lavigne 391 Tove Lo 392 and Sky Ferreira 393 have also cited Love as an influence Love has frequently been recognized as the most high profile contributor of feminist music during the 1990s 394 and for subverting the mainstream expectations of how a woman should look act and sound 395 According to music journalist Maria Raha Hole was the highest profile female fronted band of the 90s to openly and directly sing about feminism 396 Patti Smith a major influence of Love s also praised her saying I hate genderizing things but when I heard Hole I was amazed to hear a girl sing like that Janis Joplin was her own thing she was into Big Mama Thornton and Bessie Smith But what Courtney Love does I d never heard a girl do that 397 She has also been a gay icon since the mid 1990s 398 and has jokingly referred to her fanbase as consisting of females gay guys and a few advanced evolved heterosexual men 361 Love s aesthetic image particularly in the early 1990s also became influential and was dubbed kinderwhore by critics and media The subversive fashion mainly consisted of vintage babydoll dresses accompanied by smeared makeup and red lipstick 111 399 MTV reporter Kurt Loder described Love as looking like a debauched rag doll onstage 400 401 Love later said she had been influenced by the fashion of Chrissy Amphlett of the Divinyls 402 Interviewed in 1994 Love commented I would like to think in my heart of hearts that I m changing some psychosexual aspects of rock music Not that I m so desirable I didn t do the kinder whore thing because I thought I was so hot When I see the look used to make one more appealing it pisses me off When I started it was a What Ever Happened to Baby Jane thing My angle was irony 30 DiscographyMain article Courtney Love discography Hole discography Main article Hole discography Pretty on the Inside 1991 Live Through This 1994 Celebrity Skin 1998 Nobody s Daughter 2010 Solo discography America s Sweetheart 2004 FilmographyMain article Courtney Love filmography Sid and Nancy 1986 Straight to Hell 1987 The People vs Larry Flynt 1996 200 Cigarettes 1999 Man on the Moon 1999 Julie Johnson 2001 Trapped 2002 BibliographyLevy Stu Love Courtney 2004 Princess Ai Destitution Vol 1 Tokyopop Japan Shinshokan ISBN 978 1 59182 669 9 Levy Stu Love Courtney 2005 Princess Ai Lumination Vol 2 Tokyopop Japan Shinshokan ISBN 978 1 59182 670 5 Levy Stu Love Courtney 2006 Princess Ai Evolution Vol 3 Tokyopop Japan Shinshokan ISBN 978 1 59182 671 2 Love Courtney 2006 Dirty Blonde The Diaries of Courtney Love Faber amp Faber ISBN 978 0 86547 959 3 Footnotes Some publications have noted that Love was born Love Michelle Harrison ostensibly based on claims Love made early in her career that she had been born with the first name Love citation needed There are several different versions in circulation of how Sugar Babydoll and later Pagan Babies formed The version told in the E True Hollywood Story as told by Kat Bjelland fails to mention the alternate names of the group though Love s 1998 biography by Poppy Z Brite notes the shift in name from Sugar Babylon to Sugar Babydoll 68 There are varying accounts of how Love and Cobain were introduced though the most commonly repeated location of their meeting is the Satyricon nightclub in Portland Oregon Love stated in a 2010 interview that she first met Cobain there while performing spoken word at a Dharma Bums show Journalist Michael Azerrad dates their meeting at the Satyricon in 1989 though Cobain biographer Charles Cross has claimed the date was actually February 12 1990 126 However Mark Arm of Mudhoney suggested that the story about Love and Cobain meeting at the Satyricon was apocryphal and that she had inquired about Cobain while she and Arm were on tour together in the fall of 1991 127 According to Eric Erlandson per his 2012 book Letters to Kurt both he and Love were formally introduced to Cobain on May 17 1991 at the Hollywood Palladium after a Butthole Surfers concert Alternately Lori Barbero of Babes in Toyland claimed to have introduced the two at the 1991 Reading Festival during the filming of 1991 The Year Punk Broke 127 As of 2003 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14 2018 Courtney Love Ordered Into Drug Rehab Billboard August 19 2005 Archived from the original on June 14 2018 Courtney Love sentenced to 180 days in rehab Today September 16 2005 Archived from the original on June 14 2018 Judge lets Courtney Love leave rehab Today November 18 2005 Archived from the original on April 9 2018 Retrieved April 9 2018 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Courtney Love Says Letterman Years Were Caused By Cocaine MTV April 28 2010 Archived from the original on March 8 2012 Gustini Ray May 26 2011 Courtney Love Has a Very Clear Memory of Being on Drugs The Atlantic Archived from the original on April 9 2018 Retrieved April 9 2018 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Sevinc Bihter June 23 2023 Courtney Love Explains Why She Isn t Worried For Kurt Cobain RockCelebrities net Catarinella Alex October 13 2017 What Courtney Love Can t Live Without New York Magazine US Weekly Staff June 25 2013 Courtney Love Stop calling me a drug freak US Weekly Archived from the original on October 1 2012 Roshan 2012 p 28 Balog Kathy July 15 2004 Courtney Love Cartoon character USA Today ISSN 0734 7456 Archived from the original on August 14 2009 Yadao 2009 p 54 Yapp 2006 event occurs at 7 18 Lash Jolie February 3 2006 Courtney Is Cleared Ready To Rock Rolling Stone Archived from the original on June 10 2016 Billboard Staff October 20 2006 Love Wants Her Throne Back on New Album Billboard Archived from the original on May 15 2018 Ulaby Neda May 15 2007 Rebuilding Courtney Love One Song at a Time NPR Archived from the original on September 8 2016 Simorangkir v Love Digital Media Law Project Berkman Klein Center for Internet amp Society of Harvard Law School March 26 2009 Archived from the original on February 14 2019 Retrieved February 14 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b Grebey James August 31 2015 Courtney Love Pays 350 000 to Settle Twitter Based Defamation Lawsuit Spin Archived from the original on January 4 2016 Retrieved January 29 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Martin Dan June 17 2009 The Return Of Hole Courtney Love s In The Studio Video Diary NME Archived from the original on October 12 2012 Peisner David July 9 2009 Q amp A Hole s Eric Erlandson Spin Archived from the original on August 11 2018 Hyclak Anna July 16 2009 Courtney Love to Eric Erlandson Hole Is MY Band Spin Archived from the original on September 27 2016 New releases from Courtney Love Nick Cave and others The Star Ledger April 23 2010 Archived from the original on September 30 2018 Caldwell Michael June 12 2010 Nobody s Daughter San Diego Reader Archived from the original on June 2 2016 Kreps Daniel March 26 2010 Hole Reveal Track List Cover for April 27 s Nobody s Daughter Rolling Stone Archived from the original on April 19 2016 Reviews for Nobody s Daughter by Hole Metacritic Archived from the original on August 18 2018 Sheffield Robert April 26 2010 Nobody s Daughter by Hole Rolling Stone Archived from the original on December 29 2013 Cinquemani Sal April 21 2010 Hole Nobody s Daughter Slant Magazine Archived from the original on May 8 2016 Cooper Leonie March 24 2011 10 Things We Learn About Kurt Cobain And Courtney Love From Hit So Hard NME Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Cruz Araceli May 3 2012 An Impromptu Interview With Courtney Love On The Occasion Of Her Debut Art Show Archived from the original on July 9 2015 Yaeger Lynn May 1 2012 And She s Not Even Pretty Courtney Love s Autobiographical Art Show Opens Tomorrow Vogue Archived from the original on December 26 2012 Ng David April 30 2012 Courtney Love attempts her first gallery show Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on June 14 2018 McGovern Kyle December 5 2012 Johnny Depp Ropes Tom Waits Courtney Love Iggy Pop for Pirate Themed Album Spin Archived from the original on January 8 2015 Kaufman Gil March 22 2013 Fall Out Boy Joined By Courtney Love On Save Rock And Roll MTV Archived from the original on February 21 2015 Horowitz Steven J October 16 2012 Stevie Nicks Headlines Elton John s AIDS Foundation Gala in New York Rolling Stone Archived from the original on December 23 2016 Marikar Sheila January 25 2013 In a Cloud of Crazy Courtney Love Rocks On ABC Archived from the original on June 14 2018 Alexander Ella April 3 2013 Saint Laurent Unveils Music Project Vogue UK Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Baltin Steve June 24 2013 Q amp A With Courtney Love On Her Memoir and I m Still Alive Tour Rolling Stone Adams Gregory May 21 2013 Courtney Love Extends North American Tour Adds Vancouver Date Exclaim Archived from the original on October 8 2016 Gamboa Glenn June 18 2013 Courtney Love on a small tour hits Brooklyn Huntington Newsday Archived from the original on June 14 2018 Jones Steve July 18 2013 Courtney Love has new album and memoir in the works USA Today Archived from the original on October 2 2016 a b Knoll Corina January 24 2014 Singer actress Courtney Love wins landmark Twitter libel case Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on June 17 2016 McCoy Kevin January 25 2014 Courtney Love tweets after Twitter trial win USA Today Archived from the original on December 19 2018 Steve Lamacq 22 04 2014 BBC Radio 6 Music BBC Archived from the original on November 27 2018 Feeley Nolan April 22 2014 Hear Courtney Love Howl on You Know My Name Time Archived from the original on November 5 2016 Lee Tommy April 23 2014 Here s some new jams I recorded with CL Facebook Archived from the original on April 25 2014 Retrieved November 16 2015 Love Courtney April 1 2014 Woman s Hour Courtney Love game changing politics Lauren Owen Interview Interviewed by Jane Garvey British Broadcasting Corporation Retrieved April 1 2014 Pelly Jenn May 1 2014 Interviews Courtney Love Pitchfork Archived from the original on September 30 2018 Courtney Love changes mind will not reunite Hole s classic lineup Consequence of Sound July 23 2014 Archived from the original on December 30 2015 Johns Nikara July 8 2014 Courtney Love Joins Sons of Anarchy for Final Season Variety Archived from the original on September 30 2018 Bricker Tierney March 11 2015 Courtney Love s TV Takeover Continues on Revenge and You Won t Believe Who She s Playing E Archived from the original on July 8 2018 O Connell Michael October 23 2014 Courtney Love Joins Fox s Empire The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on February 1 2017 Caulfield Keith March 17 2015 Empire Soundtrack Debuts at No 1 on Billboard 200 Chart Madonna Arrives at No 2 Billboard Archived from the original on October 12 2018 Petridis Alexis May 21 2015 Various Artists Empire Season 1 Original Soundtrack review pretend stars get properly famous with Timbaland s help The Guardian Archived from the original on November 25 2015 Kozinn Allan October 2 2014 Forget Neterbko Here s an Opera With Courtney Love The New York Times Archived from the original on June 14 2018 Isherwood Charles January 11 2015 A Bruising Love Throbs Anew The New York Times Goodwin Jeremy D October 5 2015 Courtney Love is attraction but songs carry Choir Boy The Boston Globe Archived from the original on November 8 2015 Garvey Marianne Niemietz Brian Coleman Oli Maresca Rachel August 4 2015 Courtney Love denies owing biographer Anthony Bozza any money for upcoming book New York Daily News Archived from the original on December 18 2015 Payne Chris December 1 2014 Lana Del Rey Announces 2015 Tour Dates With Courtney Love Billboard Archived from the original on December 16 2018 Camp Zoe May 18 2015 Courtney Love Releases Miss Narcissist on Wavves Ghost Ramp Label Pitchfork Archived from the original on December 26 2018 Maas Jennifer May 4 2015 Casting Net Courtney Love Timothy Hutton Giancarlo Esposito join James Franco s The Long Home Entertainment Weekly Retrieved July 23 2015 Serben Brandy Lynn December 22 2021 James Franco speaks on sexual misconduct allegations 4 years later MovieWeb Retrieved January 21 2022 McKenzie Lesley January 14 2016 Courtney Love Sophia Amoruso Fete Their Nasty Gal Collab The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on December 5 2019 Retrieved April 16 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Wagmeister Elizabeth November 3 2016 Courtney Love Joins Lifetime s Shakespeare Anthology A Midsummer s Nightmare Variety Archived from the original on October 8 2017 Retrieved December 9 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Wagmeister Elizabeth January 31 2017 Lifetime Orders Menendez Brothers TV Movie Starring Courtney Love Variety Retrieved March 11 2017 a b Mallenbaum Carly October 14 2017 Courtney Love warned young women about Harvey Weinstein more than a decade ago USA Today Archived from the original on March 4 2021 Retrieved February 19 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Guerrasio Jason October 16 2017 Courtney Love publicly warned women to stay away from Harvey Weinstein back in 2005 Business Insider Archived from the original on February 27 2020 Retrieved February 19 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Courtney Love Warns About Harvey Weinstein In 2005 Video YouTube CBS Los Angeles October 16 2017 Archived from the original on November 14 2021 Retrieved April 4 2020 France Lisa Respers October 16 2017 Courtney Love warned women about Harvey Weinstein CNN Archived from the original on February 12 2020 Retrieved April 4 2020 D Nuka Amanda August 1 2017 Kelvin Harrison Jr Courtney Love amp James Jagger Board JT Biopic Deadline Retrieved October 4 2017 Kaufman Gil March 21 2018 Marilyn Manson Teases Tattooed in Reverse Video Featuring Courtney Love Watch Billboard Retrieved March 22 2018 Daw Stephen April 2 2018 First Look See Courtney Love Sashay Her Way to the Judges Panel on RuPaul s Drag Race Billboard Retrieved April 2 2018 a b Burks Tosten December 18 2018 Courtney Love Alleges Ex Manager Sam Lutfi Told Her to Choke on Opiates and Die Spin Archived from the original on February 14 2019 Retrieved February 14 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Kreps Daniel January 2 2019 Courtney Love Frances Bean Cobain Granted Restraining Order Against Ex Manager Rolling Stone Retrieved February 14 2019 Breihan Tom August 19 2019 Courtney Love Sings Hole Songs Covers Echo amp The Bunnymen At Lykke Li s Yola Dia Stereogum Archived from the original on September 13 2019 Retrieved September 27 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b Nauman Ryan September 9 2019 Courtney Love Turned Down 100 000 From OxyContin Heiress To Appear At Her Fashion Show Yahoo Archived from the original on September 27 2019 Courtney Love I feel like the luckiest motherfucker in the history of rock and roll NME November 18 2020 Retrieved January 23 2022 Kerrang Staff November 21 2019 Listen to Courtney Love s New Song Mother from The Turning Soundtrack Kerrang Archived from the original on November 22 2019 Trendell Andrew January 29 2020 Courtney Love to receive Icon Award at the NME Awards 2020 NME Archived from the original on January 30 2020 Conti Samantha Theodosi Natalie February 18 2020 Courtney Love Falls for London Women s Wear Daily Archived from the original on May 24 2020 Retrieved May 30 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Day Nate March 15 2021 Courtney Love says she almost died in the hospital from anemia Fox News Archived from the original on March 16 2021 Murray Tom August 5 2022 Courtney Love announces she s finished her memoir after decade of writing F an untrue narrative The Independent Archived from the original on August 17 2022 a b Love Courtney January 24 2018 2014 The First Time With Courtney Love Interview Vol 8 no 1 Interviewed by Matt Everitt BBC Radio 6 a b Cooper 1994 p 42 a b Atkinson Mike March 25 2010 Gavin Friday You can t be what you were The Guardian Archived from the original on June 14 2018 a b Bell Keaton June 2 2021 Courtney Love Has a New Video Series Covering Her Favorite Songs Vogue Archived from the original on June 2 2021 a b Love Courtney September 1 1994 The Hole Story MTV Networks Interview Interviewed by Kurt Loder a b Love 2006 p 35 Wuelfing Howard January 6 1997 Swans Song Addicted to Noise The group count the likes of Metallica s Kirk Hammet Henry Rollins Courtney Love and even Jeff Buckley among its admirers Love Courtney February 23 2010 Ask Courtney Love Clash Archived from the original on June 14 2018 Stern Howard May 30 2013 The Howard Stern Show Interview Interviewed by Courtney Love Sirius XM Radio Accessed July 10 2013 The Stooges were a really big deal to me Peisner David May 2013 Let It Bleed The Oral History of PJ Harvey s Rid of Me Spin Archived from the original on September 17 2015 Love Courtney December 5 1995 Barbara Walters Presents The 10 Most Fascinating People of 1995 Interview Interviewed by Barbara Walters ABC News a b Love Courtney 1995 Courtney Love Super Rock Interview MTV Interview Interviewed by Farry Jackie Archived from the original on October 16 2013 Audio of Baudelaire s Fleurs du Mal Fleurs du Mal org Archived from the original on July 29 2018 Latham 2003 p 2 Clover Joshua October 1998 Hole Celebrity Skin Spin Reviews 14 10 136 ISSN 0886 3032 via Google Books Weiss Phillip October 1998 The Love Issue Spin 14 10 90 100 ISSN 0886 3032 via Google Books Ladd Taylor amp Umanski 1998 p 319 Lankford 2009 p 77 8 Von Furth Daisy October 1991 Hole Lotta Love Spin Vol 7 no 7 p 32 ISSN 0886 3032 via Google Books a b Reynolds Simon February 9 1992 Belting Out That Most Unfeminine Emotion The New York Times Archived from the original on May 6 2018 Retrieved May 6 2018 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Grey Presents Courtney Love at Cannes in 8th Annual Music Legends Seminar PR Newswire June 13 2014 Archived from the original on June 24 2016 Morris Matthew November 11 2009 Writing Courtney Love into the History of Rhetoric Articulation of a Feminist Consciousness in Live Through This National Communication Association Archived from the original on November 20 2012 Retrieved September 15 2012 Link to abstract only France Kim 1998 Kim France on Bitch In Praise of Difficult Women by Elizabeth Wurtzel Bookforum 5 7 7 8 ISSN 1098 3376 Schneier Matthew February 13 2019 Angry Dolls Meet Their Mother The New York Times Archived from the original on February 14 2019 Retrieved February 13 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Levin Hanna November 20 2003 The Hole Story The Stranger Archived from the original on December 16 2014 Burns amp Lafrance 2002 pp 98 103 True Everett June 15 1991 Hole Melody Maker Sidelines p 8 ISSN 0025 9012 Archived scan Kreps Daniel June 17 2009 Courtney Love To Resurrect Hole For Nobody s Daughter Rolling Stone Archived from the original on January 17 2014 Heller Jason April 27 2010 Hole Nobody s Daughter The A V Club Archived from the original on November 5 2013 Retrieved April 16 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Soloski Alexis January 9 2015 Courtney Love s theatricalised concept album sounds practically amphibian The Guardian Archived from the original on June 8 2017 Retrieved June 28 2017 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Fortini Amanda April 7 2004 Love Me Love My Tantrums Slate Archived from the original on July 8 2018 Feeney Nolan April 22 2014 Hear Courtney Love Howl on You Know My Name Time Archived from the original on May 4 2014 a b Fricke David April 12 1994 Live Through This Rolling Stone Archived from the original on August 7 2014 Browne David April 15 1994 Live Through This Review Entertainment Weekly Archived from the original on September 30 2018 Petrusich Amanda April 27 2010 Hole Nobody s Daughter Pitchfork Archived from the original on June 28 2010 Courtney Love Hole Jazzmaster Fender Guitar Hard Rock Cafe NYC Flickr April 9 2007 Archived from the original on November 11 2016 Yarm 2011 p 353 Courtney Love s Univox Hi Flier Equipboard Retrieved February 6 2017 Ford Kim Courtney Love at Shepherds Bush Empire Rockshot Archived from the original on November 12 2016 Andrews Charlotte Richardson May 8 2014 Courtney Love I wrote the Kurt Cobain bitch with zits note The Guardian Archived from the original on November 4 2016 a b c Hit So Hard The Life and Near Death of Patty Schemel Motion picture Well Go USA 2011 Bahn Christopher Earles Andrew Hyden Steven Modell Josh Murray Noel Phipps Keith Keith Phipps Nathan Rabin August 13 2007 More Talk Less Rock 15 Masters Of Onstage Banter The A V Club Archived from the original on September 30 2018 a b Powers Ann March 19 2010 Hole at SXSW Courtney Love offers one liners worthy of the Comedy Store Los Angeles Times Pop amp Hiss Archived from the original on June 9 2010 Hilburn Robert November 9 1993 POP MUSIC REVIEW Notes From the Underground Hole Shows Surprising Depth Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on October 1 2022 Retrieved October 1 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link a b Love Courtney May 14 2000 Courtney Love does the math unedited speech transcript Salon Archived from the original on January 7 2019 24 Hours of Love MTV Specials September 21 2002 MTV2 Love Courtney October 28 1997 VH1 Fashion Awards VH1 I think that great personal style is being true to yourself and speaking your mind which since I m up here I m going to do I feel that keeping gay people in the closet with our attitudes and our actions is cruel and it s tacky and most of all it s boring Video on YouTube Balkin Steve May 14 2012 Courtney Love Linda Perry Team Up for Gay Rights Rolling Stone Archived from the original on September 21 2016 Love Courtney Perry Linda May 10 2012 Courtney Love I Tried Begging The Insider Interview Archived from the original on December 24 2013 Sharon Stone Kylie Minogue Dita von Teese Courtney Love Kenneth Cole and Kevin Huvane Join For amfAR Inspiration Gala in Los Angeles amfAR October 28 2010 Archived from the original on December 22 2015 Ayers Michael D September 15 2009 U2 Scarlett Johansson Courtney Love Set For AIDS Charity Concert Billboard Archived from the original on July 15 2018 Weiss Sabrina Rojas May 18 2011 Courtney Love Patti Smith Bring Punk Cred To Mariska Hargitay s Charity Event MTV Archived from the original on December 24 2013 Love Courtney June 12 2014 Courtney Love on Pop Culture Endemol Interview Interviewed by Noah Levy Archived from the original on November 14 2021 Retrieved May 17 2018 a b Millard 2004 p 196 Carson Lewis amp Shaw 2004 pp 89 90 a b Carson Lewis amp Shaw 2004 p 90 Millard 2004 p 195 Millard 2004 pp 195 96 O Dair 1997 p 472 Newman Melinda 2003 Courtney Cuts the Drama Love Leaves Woe Behind Billboard No July 19 2003 p 61 Archived from the original on February 21 2017 via Google Books a b Harding Cortney April 2 2010 Courtney Love Fixing a Hole Billboard Archived from the original on December 11 2018 The 100 Greatest Women in Music VH1 February 13 2012 Archived from the original on January 7 2019 Chesler John April 28 2015 The 10 Greatest Female Rock Stars of All Time Phoenix New Times Archived from the original on December 9 2015 Conner Shawn August 21 2013 Scout Niblett Interview The Snipe News I was 17 when I first heard it I definitely think they had a huge role in that For me the thing that I loved about them and her was the anger and aggressiveness along with the tender side That was something I hadn t seen before in a woman playing music That was hugely influential and really inspiring Women up til then were kind of one dimensional twee sweet ethereal and that annoys the shit out of me Diehl 2007 pp 93 94 Moran Rob, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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