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Jean-Michel Basquiat

April 08, 2024

"Basquiat" redirects here. For other uses, see Basquiat (disambiguation).

Jean-Michel Basquiat (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ miʃɛl baskja]; December 22, 1960 – August 12, 1988) was an American artist who rose to success during the 1980s as part of the Neo-expressionism movement.

Jean-Michel Basquiat
Basquiat by Andy Warhol in 1982
Born(1960-12-22)December 22, 1960
New York City, U.S.
DiedAugust 12, 1988(1988-08-12) (aged 27)
New York City, U.S.
Cause of deathHeroin overdose
Resting placeGreen-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York City
Years active1978–1988
Known forPainting, drawing
Notable work
Style
MovementNeo-expressionism
Websitebasquiat.com

Basquiat first achieved notoriety in the late 1970s as part of the graffiti duo SAMO, alongside Al Diaz, writing enigmatic epigrams all over Manhattan, particularly in the cultural hotbed of the Lower East Side where rap, punk, and street art coalesced into early hip-hop music culture. By the early 1980s, his paintings were being exhibited in galleries and museums internationally. At 21, Basquiat became the youngest artist to ever take part in Documenta in Kassel, Germany. At 22, he was one of the youngest to exhibit at the Whitney Biennial in New York. The Whitney Museum of American Art held a retrospective of his artwork in 1992.

Basquiat's art focused on dichotomies such as wealth versus poverty, integration versus segregation, and inner versus outer experience. He appropriated poetry, drawing, and painting, and married text and image, abstraction, figuration, and historical information mixed with contemporary critique. He used social commentary in his paintings as a tool for introspection and for identifying with his experiences in the black community, as well as attacks on power structures and systems of racism.

Since his death at the age of 27 in 1988, Basquiat's work has steadily increased in value. In 2017, Untitled, a 1982 painting depicting a black skull with red and yellow rivulets, sold for a record-breaking $110.5 million, becoming one of the most expensive paintings ever purchased.[1]

Biography edit

Early life: 1960–1977 edit

Basquiat was born on December 22, 1960, in Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York City, the second of four children to Matilde Basquiat (née Andrades, 1934–2008) and Gérard Basquiat (1930–2013).[2] He had an older brother, Max, who died shortly before his birth, and two younger sisters, Lisane (b. 1964) and Jeanine (b. 1967).[3][4] His father was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti and his mother was born in Brooklyn to Puerto Rican parents.[5] He was raised Catholic.[6]

Matilde instilled a love for art in her young son by taking him to local art museums and enrolling him as a junior member of the Brooklyn Museum of Art.[2][7] Basquiat was a precocious child who learned to read and write by the age of four.[8] His mother encouraged her son's artistic talent and he often tried to draw his favorite cartoons.[9] In 1967, he started attending Saint Ann's School, a private school.[10][11] There he met his friend Marc Prozzo and together they created a children's book, written by Basquiat at the age of seven and illustrated by Prozzo.[9][12]

In 1968, Basquiat was hit by a car while playing in the street at the age of seven.[13] His arm was broken and he suffered several internal injuries, which required a splenectomy.[14] While he was hospitalized, his mother brought him a copy of Gray's Anatomy to keep him occupied.[15] After his parents separated that year, Basquiat and his sisters were raised by their father.[2][15] His mother was admitted to a psychiatric hospital when he was ten and thereafter spent her life in and out of institutions.[16] By the age of eleven, Basquiat was fluent in French, Spanish and English, and an avid reader of all three languages.[17]

Basquiat's family resided in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Boerum Hill and then in 1974, moved to Miramar, Puerto Rico.[18][19] When they returned to Brooklyn in 1976, Basquiat attended Edward R. Murrow High School.[20] He struggled to deal with his mother's instability and rebelled as a teenager.[21] He ran away from home at 15 when his father caught him smoking cannabis in his room.[22][2][15] He slept on park benches at Washington Square Park and took LSD.[23][24] Eventually, his father spotted him with a shaved head and called the police to bring him home.[25]

In the 10th grade, he enrolled at City-As-School, an alternative high school in Manhattan, home to many artistic students who found conventional schooling difficult.[10] He would skip school with his friends, but still received encouragement from his teachers, and began to write and illustrate for the school newspaper.[26] He developed the character SAMO to endorse a faux religion.[27] The saying "SAMO" had started as a private joke between Basquiat and his schoolmate Al Diaz, as an abbreviation for the phrase "Same old shit."[26] They drew a series of cartoons for their school paper before and after using SAMO©.[28]

Street art and Gray: 1978–1980 edit

SAMO (for "same old") marked the witty sayings of a precocious and worldly teenage mind that, even at that early juncture, saw the world in shades of gray, fearlessly juxtaposing corporate commodity structures with the social milieu he wished to enter: the predominantly white art world.

—Franklin Sirmans, In the Cipher: Basquiat and Hip Hop Culture[29]

In May 1978, Basquiat and Diaz began spray painting graffiti on buildings in Lower Manhattan.[28][30] Working under the pseudonym SAMO, they inscribed poetic and satirical advertising slogans such as "SAMO© AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO GOD."[28] In June 1978, Basquiat was expelled from City-As-School for pieing the principal.[31] At 17, his father kicked him out of the house when he decided to drop out of school.[32] He worked for the Unique Clothing Warehouse in NoHo while continuing to create graffiti at night.[33][34] On December 11, 1978, The Village Voice published an article about the SAMO graffiti.[28]

In 1979, Basquiat appeared on the live public-access television show TV Party hosted by Glenn O'Brien.[35] Basquiat and O'Brien formed a friendship and he made regular appearances on the show over the next few years.[35] Eventually, he began spending time writing graffiti around the School of Visual Arts, where he befriended students John Sex, Kenny Scharf, and Keith Haring.[36]

In April 1979, Basquiat met Michael Holman at the Canal Zone Party and they founded the noise rock band Test Pattern, which was later renamed Gray.[37] Other members of Gray included Shannon Dawson, Nick Taylor, Wayne Clifford and Vincent Gallo. They performed at nightclubs such as Max's Kansas City, CBGB, Hurrah and the Mudd Club.[37]

Around this time, Basquiat lived in the East Village with his friend Alexis Adler, a Barnard biology graduate.[38] He often copied diagrams of chemical compounds borrowed from Adler's science textbooks. She documented Basquiat's creative explorations as he transformed the floors, walls, doors and furniture into his artworks.[39] He also made postcards with his friend Jennifer Stein.[40] While selling postcards in SoHo, Basquiat spotted Andy Warhol at W.P.A. restaurant with art critic Henry Geldzahler.[15] He sold Warhol a postcard titled Stupid Games, Bad Ideas.[41]

 
SAMO Xerox poster (1979)

In October 1979, at Arleen Schloss's open space called A's, Basquiat showed his SAMO montages using color Xerox copies of his works.[42] Schloss allowed Basquiat to use the space to create his "MAN MADE" clothing, which were painted upcycled garments.[43][44] In November 1979, costume designer Patricia Field carried his clothing line in her upscale boutique on 8th Street in Greenwich Village.[45] Field also displayed his sculptures in the store window.[46]

When Basquiat and Diaz had a falling out, he inscribed "SAMO IS DEAD" on the walls of SoHo buildings in 1980.[47] In June 1980, he appeared in High Times magazine, his first national publication, as part of an article titled "Graffiti '80: The State of the Outlaw Art" by Glenn O'Brien.[48] Later that year, he began filming O'Brien's independent film Downtown 81 (2000), originally titled New York Beat, which featured some of Gray's recordings on its soundtrack.[49]

Rise to fame and success: 1980–1986 edit

In June 1980, Basquiat participated in The Times Square Show, a multi-artist exhibition sponsored by Collaborative Projects Incorporated (Colab) and Fashion Moda.[50] He was noticed by various critics and curators, including Jeffrey Deitch, who mentioned him in an article titled "Report from Times Square" in the September 1980 issue of Art in America.[51][52] In February 1981, Basquiat participated in the New York/New Wave exhibition, curated by Diego Cortez at New York's P.S.1.[53] Italian artist Sandro Chia recommended Basquiat's work to Italian dealer Emilio Mazzoli, who promptly bought 10 paintings for Basquiat to have a show at his gallery in Modena, Italy in May 1981.[24][54] In December 1981, art critic Rene Ricard published "The Radiant Child" in Artforum magazine, the first extensive article on Basquiat.[55] During this period, Basquiat painted many pieces on objects he found in the streets, such as discarded doors.[56]

Basquiat sold his first painting, Cadillac Moon (1981), to Debbie Harry, lead singer of the punk rock band Blondie, for $200 after they had filmed Downtown 81 together.[57] He also appeared as a disc jockey in the 1981 Blondie music video "Rapture", a role originally intended for Grandmaster Flash.[58] At the time, Basquiat was living with his girlfriend, Suzanne Mallouk, who financially supported him as a waitress.[21]

In September 1981, art dealer Annina Nosei invited Basquiat to join her gallery at the suggestion of Sandro Chia.[24] Soon after, he participated in her group show Public Address.[59] She provided him with materials and a space to work in the basement of her gallery.[31] In 1982, Nosei arranged for him to move into a loft which also served as a studio at 101 Crosby Street in SoHo.[60][61] He had his first American one-man show at the Annina Nosei Gallery in March 1982.[31] He also painted in Modena for his second Italian exhibition in March 1982.[62] Feeling exploited, that show was canceled because he was expected to make eight paintings in one week.[24]

By the summer of 1982, Basquiat had left the Annina Nosei Gallery and gallerist Bruno Bischofberger became his worldwide art dealer.[63] In June 1982, at 21, Basquiat became the youngest artist to ever take part in Documenta in Kassel, Germany.[32] His works were exhibited alongside Joseph Beuys, Anselm Kiefer, Gerhard Richter, Cy Twombly and Andy Warhol.[64] Bischofberger gave Basquiat a one-man show at his Zurich gallery in September 1982, and arranged for him to meet Warhol for lunch on October 4, 1982.[65] Warhol recalled, "I took a Polaroid and he went home and within two hours a painting was back, still wet, of him and me together."[66] The painting, Dos Cabezas (1982), ignited a friendship between them.[67] Basquiat was photographed by James Van Der Zee for an interview with Henry Geldzahler published in the January 1983 issue of Warhol's Interview magazine.[68]

 
From 1983 to 1988 Basquiat lived at 57 Great Jones Street in NoHo, where he died. A plaque commemorating his life was placed outside the building in 2016.

In November 1982, Basquiat's solo exhibition opened at the Fun Gallery in the East Village.[69] Among the works exhibited were A Panel of Experts (1982) and Equals Pi (1982).[70] In early December 1982,[71] Basquiat began working at the studio space art dealer Larry Gagosian had built below his Venice, California home.[72] In Los Angeles, he frequented the Whisky a Go Go and Tail o' the Pup with his friend artist George Condo.[73] There, he commenced a series of paintings for a March 1983 show, his second at the Gagosian Gallery in West Hollywood.[72] He was accompanied by his girlfriend, then-unknown singer Madonna.[74] Gagosian recalled: "Everything was going along fine. Jean-Michel was making paintings, I was selling them, and we were having a lot of fun. But then one day Jean-Michel said, 'My girlfriend is coming to stay with me.' ... So I said, 'Well, what's she like?' And he said, 'Her name is Madonna and she's going to be huge.' I'll never forget that he said that."[75]

Basquiat took considerable interest in the work that artist Robert Rauschenberg was producing at Gemini G.E.L. in West Hollywood.[72] He visited him on several occasions and found inspiration in his accomplishments.[72] While in Los Angeles, Basquiat painted Hollywood Africans (1983), which portrays him with graffiti artists Toxic and Rammellzee.[76] He often painted portraits of other graffiti artists—and sometimes collaborators—in works such as Portrait of A-One A.K.A. King (1982), Toxic (1984), and ERO (1984).[77] In 1983, he produced the hip-hop record "Beat Bop" featuring Rammellzee and rapper K-Rob.[78] It was pressed in limited quantities on his Tartown Inc. imprint. He created the cover art for the single, making it highly desirable among both record and art collectors.[79]

 
Andy Warhol, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Bruno Bischofberger, and Francesco Clemente in 1984

In March 1983, at 22 years old, Basquiat became one of the youngest artists to participate in the Whitney Biennial exhibition of contemporary art.[80][81] Paige Powell, an associate publisher for Interview magazine, organized a show of his work at her friend's New York apartment in April 1983.[82][83] Shortly after, he began a relationship with Powell, who was instrumental in fostering his friendship with Warhol.[80] In August 1983, Basquiat moved into a loft owned by Warhol at 57 Great Jones Street in NoHo, which also served as a studio.[84]

In the summer of 1983, Basquiat invited Lee Jaffe, a former musician in Bob Marley's band, to join him on a trip throughout Asia and Europe.[85][86] On his return to New York, he was deeply affected by the death of Michael Stewart, an aspiring black artist in the downtown club scene who was killed by transit police in September 1983. He painted Defacement (The Death of Michael Stewart) (1983) in response to the incident.[87] He also participated in a Christmas benefit with various New York artists for the family of Michael Stewart in 1983.[88]

Having joined the Mary Boone's SoHo gallery in 1983, Basquiat had his first show there in May 1984.[89] A large number of photographs depict a collaboration between Warhol and Basquiat in 1984 and 1985.[90] When they collaborated, Warhol would start with something very concrete or a recognizable image and then Basquiat defaced it in his animated style.[91] They made an homage to the 1984 Summer Olympics with Olympics (1984). Other collaborations include Taxi, 45th/Broadway (1984–85) and Zenith (1985). Their joint exhibition, Paintings, at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery, caused a rift in their friendship after it was panned by critics, and Basquiat was called Warhol's "mascot".[66]

Basquiat often painted in expensive Armani suits and would appear in public in the same paint-splattered clothes.[92][93] He was a regular at the Area nightclub, where he sometimes worked the turntables as a DJ for fun.[94] He also painted murals for the Palladium nightclub in New York City.[95] His swift rise to fame was covered in the media. He appeared on the cover of the February 10, 1985, issue of The New York Times Magazine in a feature titled "New Art, New Money: The Marketing of an American Artist".[24] His work appeared in GQ and Esquire, and he was interviewed for MTV's "Art Break" segment.[96][97] In 1985, he walked the runway for the Comme des Garçons Spring fashion show in New York.[98][99]

In the mid-1980s, Basquiat was earning $1.4 million a year and he was receiving lump sums of $40,000 from art dealers.[100] Despite his success, his emotional instability continued to haunt him. "The more money Basquiat made, the more paranoid and deeply involved with drugs he became," wrote journalist Michael Shnayerson.[100] Basquiat's cocaine use became so excessive that he blew a hole in his nasal septum.[31] A friend claimed that Basquiat confessed he was on heroin in late 1980.[31] Many of his peers speculated that his drug use was a means of coping with the demands of his newfound fame, the exploitative nature of the art industry, and the pressures of being a black man in the white-dominated art world.[101]

For what would be his last exhibition on the West Coast, Basquiat returned to Los Angeles for his show at the Gagosian Gallery in January 1986.[102] In February 1986, Basquiat traveled to Atlanta, Georgia for an exhibition of his drawings at Fay Gold Gallery.[103] That month, he participated in Limelight's Art Against Apartheid benefit.[104] In the summer, he had a solo exhibition at Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac in Salzburg.[102] He was also invited to walk the runway for Rei Kawakubo again, this time at the Comme des Garçons Homme Plus fashion show in Paris.[105][106] In October 1986, Basquiat flew to Ivory Coast for an exhibition of his work organized by Bruno Bischofberger at the French Cultural Institute in Abidjan.[102][107] He was accompanied by his girlfriend Jennifer Goode, who worked at his frequent hangout, Area nightclub.[108][109] In November 1986, at 25 years old, Basquiat became the youngest artist given an exhibition at Kestner-Gesellschaft in Hanover, Germany.[110]

Final years and death: 1986–1988 edit

During their relationship, Goode began snorting heroin with Basquiat since drugs were at her disposal.[15] She said: "He didn't push it on me, but it was just there and I was so naïve."[15] In late 1986, she successfully got herself and Basquiat into a methadone program in Manhattan, but he quit after three weeks.[111] According to Goode, he did not start injecting heroin until after she ended their relationship.[15] In the last 18 months of his life, Basquiat became something of a recluse.[101] His continued drug use is thought to have been a way of coping after the death of his friend Andy Warhol in February 1987.[101][15]

In 1987, Basquiat had exhibitions at Galerie Daniel Templon in Paris, the Akira Ikeda Gallery in Tokyo, and the Tony Shafrazi Gallery in New York.[112] He designed a Ferris wheel for André Heller's Luna Luna, an ephemeral amusement park in Hamburg from June to August 1987 with rides designed by renowned contemporary artists.[113]

In January 1988, Basquiat traveled to Paris for his exhibition at the Yvon Lambert Gallery and to Düsseldorf for an exhibition at the Hans Mayer Gallery.[114] While in Paris, he befriended Ivorian artist Ouattara Watts.[115] They made plans to travel together to Watts' birthplace, Korhogo, that summer.[114] Following his exhibition at the Vrej Baghoomian Gallery in New York in April 1988, Basquiat traveled to Maui in June to withdraw from drug use.[101][114] After returning to New York in July, Basquiat ran into Keith Haring on Broadway, who stated that this last encounter was the only time Basquiat ever discussed his drug problem with him.[116] Glenn O'Brien also recalled Basquiat calling him and telling him he was "feeling really good."[117]

Despite attempts at sobriety, Basquiat died at the age of 27 of a heroin overdose at his home on Great Jones Street in Manhattan on August 12, 1988.[31][40] He had been found unresponsive in his bedroom by his girlfriend Kelle Inman and was taken to Cabrini Medical Center, where he was pronounced dead on arrival.[118][15]

 
Basquiat's grave at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York

Basquiat is buried at Brooklyn's Green-Wood Cemetery.[119] A private funeral was held at Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel on August 17, 1988.[119] The funeral was attended by immediate family and close friends, including Keith Haring, Francesco Clemente, Glenn O'Brien, and Basquiat's former girlfriend Paige Powell.[119][117] Art dealer Jeffrey Deitch delivered a eulogy.[51]

A public memorial was held at Saint Peter's Church on November 3, 1988.[120] Among the speakers was Ingrid Sischy, who as the editor of Artforum got to know Basquiat well and commissioned a number of articles that introduced his work to the wider world.[121] Basquiat's former girlfriend Suzanne Mallouk recited sections of A. R. Penck's "Poem for Basquiat" and his friend Fab 5 Freddy read a poem by Langston Hughes.[122] The 300 guests included musicians John Lurie and Arto Lindsay, Keith Haring, poet David Shapiro, Glenn O'Brien, and members of Basquiat's former band Gray.[120]

In memory of the late artist, Keith Haring created the painting A Pile of Crowns for Jean-Michel Basquiat.[123] In the obituary Haring wrote for Vogue, he stated: "He truly created a lifetime of works in ten years. Greedily, we wonder what else he might have created, what masterpieces we have been cheated out of by his death, but the fact is that he has created enough work to intrigue generations to come. Only now will people begin to understand the magnitude of his contribution."[124][125]

Artistry edit

See also: List of paintings by Jean-Michel Basquiat

Basquiat's canon revolves around single heroic figures: athletes, prophets, warriors, cops, musicians, kings and the artist himself. In these images the head is often a central focus, topped by crowns, hats, and halos. In this way the intellect is emphasized, lifted up to notice, privileged over the body and the physicality of these figures (i.e. black men) commonly represent in the world.

—Kellie Jones, Lost in Translation: Jean-Michel in the (Re)Mix[126]

Art critic Franklin Sirmans analyzed that Basquiat appropriated poetry, drawing, and painting, and married text and image, abstraction, figuration, and historical information mixed with contemporary critique.[29] His social commentary were acutely political and direct in their criticism of colonialism and support for class struggle.[29] He also explored artistic legacies from wide sources, including an interrogation of the classical tradition.[127] Art historian Fred Hoffman hypothesizes that the underlying of Basquiat's self-identification as an artist was his "innate capacity to function as something like an oracle, distilling his perceptions of the outside world down to their essence and, in turn, projecting them outward through his creative act",[128] and that his art focused on recurrent "suggestive dichotomies" such as wealth versus poverty, integration versus segregation, and inner versus outer experience.[128]

Before his career as a painter began, Basquiat produced punk-inspired postcards for sale on the street, and became known for his political–poetical graffiti under the name of SAMO.[41] He often drew on random objects and surfaces, including other people's clothing.[38] The conjunction of various media is an integral element of his art. His paintings are typically covered with codes of all kinds: words, letters, numerals, pictograms, logos, map symbols, and diagrams.[129]

Basquiat primarily used texts as reference sources.[130] A few of the books he used were Gray's Anatomy, Henry Dreyfuss' Symbol Sourcebook, Leonardo da Vinci published by Reynal & Company, and Burchard Brentjes' African Rock Art, Flash of the Spirit by Robert Farris Thompson.[131][132]

A middle period from late 1982 to 1985 featured multi-panel paintings and individual canvases with exposed stretcher bars, the surface dense with writing, collage and imagery. The years 1984 to 1985 were also the period of the Basquiat–Warhol collaborations.[133]

Drawings edit

 
Basquiat's drawing of art critic Rene Ricard, Untitled (Axe/Rene) (1984)

In his short but prolific career, Basquiat produced around 1,500 drawings, around 600 paintings, and many sculpture and mixed media works.[134] He drew constantly and often used objects around him as surfaces when paper was not immediately at hand.[135][136] Since childhood, he produced cartoon-inspired drawings when encouraged by his mother's interest in art, and drawing became a part of his expression as an artist.[137] He drew in many different media, most commonly ink, pencil, felt-tip or marker, and oil-stick. He sometimes used Xerox copies of fragments of his drawings to paste onto the canvases of larger paintings.[138]

The first public showing of Basquiat's paintings and drawings was in 1981 at the MoMA PS1 New York/New Wave exhibition. Rene Ricard's article "Radiant Child" in Artforum magazine brought Basquiat to the attention of the art world.[139] Basquiat immortalized Ricard in two drawings, Untitled (Axe/Rene) (1984) and René Ricard (1984).[140]

A poet as well as an artist, words featured heavily in his drawings and paintings, with direct references to racism, slavery, the people and street scene of 1980s New York, black historical figures, famous musicians and athletes, as his notebooks and many important drawings demonstrate.[141][142] Often Basquiat's drawings were untitled, and as such to differentiate works a word written within the drawing is commonly in parentheses after Untitled. After Basquiat died, his estate was controlled by his father Gérard Basquiat, who also oversaw the committee which authenticated artworks, and operated from 1994 to 2012 to review over 2000 works, the majority of which were drawings.[143]

Heroes and saints edit

A prominent theme in Basquiat's work is the portrayal of historically prominent black figures, who were identified as heroes and saints. His early works often featured the iconographic depiction of crowns and halos to distinguish heroes and saints in his specially chosen pantheon.[32] "Jean-Michel's crown has three peaks, for his three royal lineages: the poet, the musician, the great boxing champion. Jean measured his skill against all he deemed strong, without prejudice as to their taste or age," said his friend and artist Francesco Clemente.[144] Reviewing Basquiat's show at the Bilbao Guggenheim, Art Daily noted that "Basquiat's crown is a changeable symbol: at times a halo and at others a crown of thorns, emphasizing the martyrdom that often goes hand in hand with sainthood. For Basquiat, these heroes and saints are warriors, occasionally rendered triumphant with arms raised in victory."[145]

Basquiat was particularly a fan of bebop and cited saxophonist Charlie Parker as a hero.[24] He frequently referenced Parker and other jazz musicians in paintings such as Charles the First (1982) and Horn Players (1983), and King Zulu (1986).[57] "Basquiat looked to jazz music for inspiration and for instruction, much in the same way that he looked to the modern masters of painting," said art historian Jordana Moore Saggese.[146]

Anatomy and heads edit

 
Untitled (Skull) (1981)

A major reference source used by Basquiat throughout his career was the book Gray's Anatomy, which his mother had given him while he was in the hospital when he was seven.[14] It remained influential in his depictions of human anatomy, and in its mixture of image and text as seen in Flesh and Spirit (1982–83). Art historian Olivier Berggruen situates in Basquiat's anatomical screen prints Anatomy (1982) an assertion of vulnerability, one which "creates an aesthetic of the body as damaged, scarred, fragmented, incomplete, or torn apart, once the organic whole has disappeared. Paradoxically, it is the very act of creating these representations that conjures a positive corporeal valence between the artist and his sense of self or identity."[147]

Heads and skulls are significant focal points of many of Basquiat's most seminal works.[148] Heads in works like Untitled (Two Heads on Gold) (1982) and Philistines (1982) are reminiscent of African masks, suggesting a cultural reclamation.[148] The skulls allude to Haitian Vodou, which is filled with skull symbolism; the paintings Red Skull (1982) and Untitled (1982) can be seen as primary examples.[149] In reference to the potent image depicted in Untitled (Skull) (1981), art historian Fred Hoffman writes that Basquiat was likely "caught off guard, possibly even frightened, by the power and energy emanating from this unexpected image."[128] Further investigation by Hoffman in his book The Art of Jean-Michel Basquiat reveals a deeper interest in the artist's fascination with heads that proves an evolution in the artist's oeuvre from one of raw power to one of more refined cognizance.[150]

Heritage edit

Basquiat's diverse cultural heritage was one of his many sources of inspiration. He often incorporated Spanish words into his artworks like Untitled (Pollo Frito) (1982) and Sabado por la Noche (1984). Basquiat's La Hara (1981), a menacing portrait of a white police officer, combines the Nuyorican slang term for police (la jara) and the Irish surname O'Hara.[151] The black-hatted figure that appears in his paintings The Guilt of Gold Teeth (1982) and Despues De Un Pun (1987) is believed to represent Baron Samedi, the spirit of death and resurrection in Haitian Vodou.[152]

Basquiat has various works deriving from African-American history, namely Slave Auction (1982), Undiscovered Genius of the Mississippi Delta (1983), El Gran Espectaculo (The Nile) (1983), and Jim Crow (1986).[153] Another painting, Irony of Negro Policeman (1981), illustrates how African-Americans have been controlled by a predominantly white society. Basquiat sought to portray that African-Americans have become complicit with the "institutionalized forms of whiteness and corrupt white regimes of power" years after the Jim Crow era had ended.[154] This concept has been reiterated in additional Basquiat works, including Created Equal (1984).

In the essay "Lost in Translation: Jean-Michel in the (Re)Mix," Kellie Jones posits that Basquiat's "mischievous, complex, and neologistic side, with regard to the fashioning of modernity and the influence and effluence of black culture" are often elided by critics and viewers, and thus "lost in translation."[126]

Reception edit

Like a DJ, Basquiat adeptly reworked Neo-expressionism's clichéd language of gesture, freedom, and angst and redirected Pop art's strategy of appropriation to produce a body of work that at times celebrated black culture and history but also revealed its complexity and contradictions.

—Lydia Lee[29]

Shortly after his death, The New York Times indicated that Basquiat was "the most famous of only a small number of young black artists who have achieved national recognition."[101] Art critic Bonnie Rosenberg wrote that Basquiat experienced a good taste of fame in his last years when he was a "critically embraced and popularly celebrated artistic phenomenon"; and that some people focused on the "superficial exoticism of his work", missing the fact that it "held important connections to expressive precursors."[155]

Traditionally, the interpretation of Basquiat's works at the visual level comes from the subdued emotional tone of what they represent compared to what is actually depicted. For example, the figures in his paintings, as stated by writer Stephen Metcalf, "are shown frontally, with little or no depth of field, and nerves and organs are exposed, as in an anatomy textbook. Are these creatures dead and being clinically dissected, one wonders, or alive and in immense pain?"[61] Writer Olivia Laing noted that "words jumped out at him, from the back of cereal boxes or subway ads, and he stayed alert to their subversive properties, their double and hidden meaning."[156]

A second recurrent reference to Basquiat's aesthetics comes from the artist's intention to share, in the words of gallerist Niru Ratnam, a "highly individualistic, expressive view of the world".[157] Art historian Luis Alberto Mejia Clavijo believes Basquiat's work inspires people to "paint like a child, don't paint what is in the surface but what you are re-creating inside.[158] Musician David Bowie, who was a collector of Basquiat's works, stated that "he seemed to digest the frenetic flow of passing image and experience, put them through some kind of internal reorganization and dress the canvas with this resultant network of chance."[57]

Art critics have also compared Basquiat's work to the emergence of hip-hop during the same era. "Basquiat's art—like the best hip-hop—takes apart and reassembles the work that came before it," said art critic Franklin Sirmans in a 2005 essay, "In the Cipher: Basquiat and the Hip-Hop Culture".[159]

Art critic Rene Ricard wrote in his 1981 article "The Radiant Child":

I'm always amazed at how people come up with things. Like Jean-Michel. How did he come up with the words he puts all over everything, his way of making a point without overstating the case, using one or two words he reveals a political acuity, gets the viewer going in the direction he wants, the illusion of the bombed-over wall. One or two words containing a full body. One or two words on a Jean-Michel contain the entire history of graffiti. What he incorporates into his pictures, whether found or made, is specific and selective. He has a perfect idea of what he's getting across, using everything that collates to his vision.[55]

Curator Marc Mayer wrote in the 2005 essay "Basquiat in History":

Basquiat speaks articulately while dodging the full impact of clarity like a matador. We can read his pictures without strenuous effort—the words, the images, the colors and the construction—but we cannot quite fathom the point they belabor. Keeping us in this state of half-knowing, of mystery-within-familiarity, had been the core technique of his brand of communication since his adolescent days as the graffiti poet SAMO. To enjoy them, we are not meant to analyze the pictures too carefully. Quantifying the encyclopedic breadth of his research certainly results in an interesting inventory, but the sum cannot adequately explain his pictures, which requires an effort outside the purview of iconography ... he painted a calculated incoherence, calibrating the mystery of what such apparently meaning-laden pictures might ultimately mean.[160]

In the 1980s, art critic Robert Hughes dismissed Basquiat's work as absurd.[161] He attributed the Basquiat phenomenon to be a mixture of hype, overproduction, and a greedy art market.[162]

In a 1997 review for The Daily Telegraph, art critic Hilton Kramer begins by stating that Basquiat had no idea what the word "quality" meant. He relentlessly criticized Basquiat as a "talentless hustler" and "street-smart but otherwise invincibly ignorant", arguing that he "used his youth, his looks, his skin colour and his abundant sex appeal to win an overnight fame that proved to be his undoing" and that art dealers of the time were "as ignorant about art as Basquiat himself." In saying that Basquiat's work never rose above "that lowly artistic station" of graffiti "even when his paintings were fetching enormous prices," Kramer argued that graffiti art "acquired a cult status in certain New York art circles." He further opined, "As a result of the campaign waged by these art-world entrepreneurs on Basquiat's behalf—and their own, of course—there was never any doubt that the museums, the collectors and the media would fall into line" when talking about the marketing of Basquiat's name.[163]

Exhibitions edit

Basquiat's first public exhibition was at The Times Square Show in New York in June 1980.[50] In May 1981, he had his first solo exhibition at Galleria d'Arte Emilio Mazzoli in Modena.[54] In late 1981, he joined the Annina Nosei Gallery in New York, where he had his first American one-man show from March 6 to April 1, 1982.[164] In 1982, he also had shows at the Gagosian Gallery in West Hollywood, Galerie Bruno Bischofberger in Zurich, and the Fun Gallery in the East Village.[165] Major exhibitions of his work have included Jean-Michel Basquiat: Paintings 1981–1984 at the Fruitmarket Gallery, Edinburgh in 1984, which traveled to the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London; Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam in 1985. In 1985, the University Art Museum, Berkeley hosted Basquiat's first solo American museum exhibition.[166] His work was showcased at Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hannover in 1987 and 1989.[167]

The first retrospective of his work was held by the Baghoomian Gallery in New York from October to November 1989.[168] His first museum retrospective, Jean-Michel Basquiat, was at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York from October 1992 to February 1993.[169][170] The show was sponsored by AT&T, MTV and Basquiat's former girlfriend Madonna.[171] It subsequently traveled to the Menil Collection in Texas; the Des Moines Art Center in Iowa; and the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts in Alabama, from 1993 to 1994.[172] The exhibition's catalog was edited by Richard Marshall and included several essays from different perspectives.[173] In 1996, Madonna sponsored an exhibition of his work at the Serpentine Gallery in London.[174][175][176]

In March 2005, the retrospective Basquiat was mounted by the Brooklyn Museum in New York.[177] It traveled to the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.[178] From October 2006 to January 2007, the first Basquiat exhibition in Puerto Rico was held at the Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico, produced by ArtPremium, Corinne Timsit and Eric Bonici.[179] In 2016, the Brooklyn Museum organized and presented Basquiat: The Unknown Notebooks, the first major viewing of Basquiat's sketches, poetry, notetaking, and overall artist's book practice. The show traveled to the Pérez Art Museum Miami later on. A monograph featuring essays by Pérez Art Museum Miami executive director, the art historian Franklin Sirmans and Henry Louis Gates, was published in the occasion of this exhibition[180][181]

Basquiat remains an important source of inspiration for a younger generation of contemporary artists all over the world, such as Rita Ackermann and Kader Attia—as shown, for example, at the exhibition Street and Studio: From Basquiat to Séripop co-curated by Cathérine Hug and Thomas Mießgang and previously exhibited at Kunsthalle Wien, Austria, in 2010.[182] Basquiat and the Bayou, a 2014 show presented by the Ogden Museum of Southern Art in New Orleans, focused on the artist's works with themes of the American South.[183] The Brooklyn Museum exhibited Basquiat: The Unknown Notebooks in 2015.[184] In 2017, Basquiat Before Basquiat: East 12th Street, 1979–1980 exhibited as Museum of Contemporary Art Denver, which displayed works created during the year Basquiat lived with his friend Alexis Adler.[39] Later that year, the Barbican Centre in London exhibited Basquiat: Boom for Real.[185]

In 2019, the Brant Foundation in New York, hosted an extensive exhibition of Basquiat's works with free admission.[186] All 50,000 tickets were claimed before the exhibition opened, so additional tickets were released.[187] In June 2019, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York presented Basquiat's "Defacement": The Untold Story.[188] Later that year, the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne opened the exhibition Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat: Crossing Lines.[189] In 2020, the Lotte Museum of Art mounted the first major exhibition of Jean-Michel Basquiat in Seoul.[190] The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston exhibited Writing the Future: Basquiat and the Hip-Hop Generation from October 2020 to July 2021.[191]

Basquiat's family curated Jean-Michel Basquiat: King Pleasure, an immersive exhibition with over 200 never-before-seen and rarely shown works.[192] King Pleasure debuted at the Starrett-Lehigh Building in Chelsea, New York in April 2022.[193] In March 2023, the exhibition traveled to the Grand LA in Los Angeles.[194]

In 2022, the Albertina presented the first museum retrospective of Basquiat's work in Austria.[195] The exhibition Seeing Loud: Basquiat and Music was mounted at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts in 2022.[196] In 2023, the show traveled to Paris as Basquiat Soundtracks at the Philharmonie de Paris.[197] Later that year, the Brant Foundation held the exhibition Basquiat X Warhol at their East Village location.[198]

Art market edit

Basquiat sold his first painting to singer Debbie Harry for $200 in 1981.[57] Advised by Italian artist Sandro Chia, gallerist Emilio Mazzoli purchased ten of Basquiat's works for $10,000 and held an exhibition at his gallery in Modena in May 1981.[24] Spurred by the Neo-expressionism art boom, his work was in great demand by 1982, which is considered his most valuable year.[165] A majority of his highest-selling paintings at auction date to 1982. Recalling that year, Basquiat said, "I had some money; I made the best paintings ever."[24] His paintings were priced at $5,000 to $10,000 in 1983—lowered from the range of $10,000 to $15,000 when he joined Mary Boone's gallery to reflect what she felt was consistent with those of other artists in her gallery.[199] In 1984, it was reported that in two years his work appreciated in value by 500%.[200] In the mid-1980s, Basquiat was earning $1.4 million a year as an artist.[100] By 1985, his paintings were selling for $10,000 to $25,000 each.[24] Basquiat's rise to fame in the international art market landed him on the cover of The New York Times Magazine in 1985, which was unprecedented for a young African-American artist.[201]

Since Basquiat's death in 1988, the market for his work has developed steadily—in line with overall art market trends—with a dramatic peak in 2007 when, at the height of the art market boom, the global auction volume for his work was over $115 million. Brett Gorvy, deputy chairman of Christie's, is quoted describing Basquiat's market as "two-tiered ... The most coveted material is rare, generally dating from the best period, 1981–83."[202] Until 2002, the highest amount paid for an original work of Basquiat's was $3.3 million for Self-Portrait (1982), sold at Christie's in 1998.[203] In 2002, Basquiat's Profit I (1982) was sold at Christie's by drummer Lars Ulrich of the heavy metal band Metallica for $5.5 million.[204] The proceedings of the auction were documented in the 2004 film Metallica: Some Kind of Monster.[205]

In June 2002, New York artist Alfredo Martinez was charged by the Federal Bureau of Investigation with attempting to deceive two art dealers by selling them $185,000 worth of fake Basquiat drawings.[206] The charges against Martinez, which landed him in Manhattan's Metropolitan Correction Center for 21 months, involved a scheme to sell drawings he copied from authentic artworks, accompanied by forged certificates of authenticity.[207] Martinez claimed he got away with selling fake Basquiat drawings for 18 years.[208][209]

In 2007, Basquiat's painting Hannibal (1982) was seized by federal authorities as part of an embezzlement scheme by convicted Brazilian money launderer and former banker Edemar Cid Ferreira.[210] Ferreira had purchased the painting with illegally acquired funds while he controlled Banco Santos in Brazil.[210] It was shipped to a Manhattan warehouse, via the Netherlands, with a false shipping invoice stating it was worth $100.[211] The painting was later sold at Sotheby's for $13.1 million.[212]

Between 2007 and 2012, the price of Basquiat's work continued to steadily increase up to $16.3 million.[213][214][215] The sale of Untitled (1981) for $20.1 million in 2012 elevated his market to a new stratosphere.[216] Soon other works in his oeuvre outpaced that record. Another work, Untitled (1981), depicting a fisherman, sold for $26.4 million in 2012.[217] In 2013, Dustheads (1982) sold for $48.8 million at Christie's.[218] Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa purchased Untitled (1982), depicting a devil-like figure, for $57.3 million at Christie's in 2017.[219] He sold the painting for $85 million at Phillips in 2022.[220] Maezawa also purchased Basquiat's Untitled (1982), a powerful depiction of a black skull with red and yellow rivulets, for a record-setting $110.5 million in May 2017.[221] It is the second highest price ever paid at an auction for artwork by an American artist.[222][223]

In 2018, Flexible (1984) sold for $45.3 million, becoming Basquiat's first post-1983 painting to surpass the $20 million mark.[224] In June 2020, Untitled (Head) (1982), sold for $15.2 million; a record for a Sotheby's online sale and a record for a Basquiat work on paper.[225] In July 2020, Loïc Gouzer's Fair Warning app announced that an untitled drawing on paper sold for $10.8 million, which is a record high for an in-app purchase.[226] Earlier that year, American businessman Ken Griffin purchased Boy and Dog in a Johnnypump (1982) for upwards of $100 million from art collector Peter Brant.[227][228] In March 2021, Warrior (1982) sold for $41.8 million at Christie's in Hong Kong, which is the most expensive Western work of art sold at auction in Asia.[229][230] In May 2021, In This Case (1983) sold for $93.1 million at Christie's in New York.[231] Later that year, Donut Revenge (1982) sold for $20.9 million at Christie's in Hong Kong.[232] In 2022, Sugar Ray Robinson (1982) sold for $32.6 million at Christie's in New York.[233] In 2023, El Gran Espectaculo (The Nile) (1983) sold for $67.1 million at Christie's, and Self-Portrait as a Heel (Part Two) (1982) sold for $42 million at Sotheby's in New York.[234][235]

Forgeries edit

In 1994, three paintings displayed as Basquiats at the FIAC were revealed to be fakes.[236] In 2007 Christie's was sued in Manhattan Supreme Court for allegedly selling a fake Basquiat.[237][238] Christie's rejected the charge[239] but the suit proceeded.[240][241] In 2020 a Los Angeles man, Philip Bennet Righter, plead guilty to art fraud after trying to sell forged paintings by Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat.[242] Also in 2020, in France, an exhibition of drawings attributed to Basquiat at the Volcano gallery in Nuits-Saint-Georges was disputed.[236][243]

In February 2022, the Orlando Museum of Art mounted the controversial exhibition Heroes & Monsters, which consisted of 25 cardboard works that were claimed to have been sold by Basquiat directly to screenwriter Thad Mumford in 1982, and then placed in storage, where they remained until being rediscovered in 2012.[244][245][246] The paintings were seized in a raid by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in June 2022.[247] The New York Times obtained an affidavit that revealed Mumford signed a declaration in the presence of federal agents stating that "at no time in the 1980s or any other time did I meet with Jean-Michel Basquiat, and at no time did I acquire or purchase any paintings from him."[248] Los Angeles auctioneer Michael Barzman confessed to creating a suite of 25 Basquiat forgeries that wound up at the Orlando Museum of Art and was sentenced to community service and probation.[249][250][251]

In 2023, Florida art dealer Daniel Elie Bouaziz was sentenced to 27 months in federal prison for a money laundering scheme to sell counterfeit contemporary artworks, including pieces purportedly by Jean-Michel Basquiat, Andy Warhol, and Banksy.[252]

Authentication committee edit

The authentication committee of the estate of Jean-Michel Basquiat was formed by the Robert Miller Gallery, the gallery that was assigned to handle Basquiat's estate after his death, in part to wage battle against the growing number of fakes and forgeries in the Basquiat market.[253] The cost of the committee's opinion was $100.[253] The committee was headed by Basquiat's father Gérard Basquiat. Members varied depending on who was available at the time when a piece was being authenticated, but they have included the curators and gallerists Diego Cortez, Jeffrey Deitch, Annina Nosei, John Cheim, Richard Marshall, Fred Hoffman, and publisher Larry Warsh.[254][255]

In 2008, the authentication committee was sued by collector Gerard De Geer, who claimed the committee breached its contract by refusing to offer an opinion on the authenticity of the painting Fuego Flores (1983).[256] After the lawsuit was dismissed, the committee ruled the work genuine.[257] In January 2012, the committee announced that after eighteen years it would dissolve in September of that year and no longer consider applications.[255]

Sexuality edit

Basquiat had romantic relationships with many women, including singer Madonna.[258][259] Although he never publicly identified as bisexual, a few of his friends have stated that he had sexual relationships with men.[260][261] Basquiat's former girlfriend Suzanne Mallouk described his sexual interest as "not monochromatic. It did not rely on visual stimulation, such as a pretty girl. It was a very rich multichromatic sexuality. He was attracted to people for all different reasons. They could be boys, girls, thin, fat, pretty, ugly ... He was attracted to intelligence more than anything and to pain."[262]

Biographer Phoebe Hoban wrote on Basquiat's first sexual experiences, which were with men.[263] When Basquiat was a minor in Puerto Rico he was orally raped by a barber dressed in drag, then he got involved with a deejay.[20] Art critic Rene Ricard, who helped launch Basquiat's career, said that Basquiat was into everything and had "turned tricks" in Condado when he lived in Puerto Rico. As a teenager, Basquiat told a friend that he worked as a prostitute on 42nd Street in Manhattan when he ran away from home.[26] Andy Warhol said Basquiat had refused to go with him and Keith Haring to Rounds, a gay hustler bar,[264] because it brought back bad memories of when he was hustling.[265]

Legacy edit

 
Place Jean-Michel Basquiat in Paris

Basquiat's estate was administered by his father, Gerard Basquiat, until his passing in 2013.[143] It is now run by his sisters, Jeanine Heriveaux and Lisane Basquiat.[266] His work had a significant impact on the street art and hip hop scene,[267] and has been noted as an influence on a range of contemporary artists including Banksy, Shepard Fairey, and Halim Flowers.[268][269]

In 2015, Basquiat was featured on the cover of Vanity Fair's Art and Artists Special Edition.[270] In 2016, the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation placed a plaque commemorating Basquiat's life outside his former residence at 57 Great Jones Street in Manhattan.[271] In 2017, Basquiat was posthumously awarded the key to the city of Brooklyn by Borough President Eric Adams and honored on the Celebrity Path at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.[272]

Before the exhibition Basquiat: Boom for Real at London's Barbican Centre in 2017, graffiti artist Banksy created two murals inspired by Basquiat on the walls of the Barbican.[273] The first mural depicts Basquiat's painting Boy and Dog in a Johnnypump (1982) being searched by two police officers.[274][275] The second mural depicts a carousel with the carriages replaced with Basquiat's signature crown motif.[276]

In 2018, a public square in the 13th arrondissement of Paris was named Place Jean-Michel Basquiat in his memory.[277] For the 2020–21 NBA season, the Brooklyn Nets honored Basquiat with their City Edition uniform and a court design inspired by his art.[278][279] In 2021, the Joe and Clara Tsai Foundation funded a Basquiat educational arts program developed in partnership between the Brooklyn Nets, the New York City Department of Education and the Fund for Public Schools.[280] The Nets used a white version of the Basquiat City Edition uniform for the 2022–23 NBA season.[281]

Fashion edit

In 2007, Basquiat was listed among GQ's 50 Most Stylish Men of the Past 50 Years.[282] Basquiat often painted in expensive Armani suits and he did a photo shoot for Issey Miyake.[283][284] Comme des Garçons was one of his favorite brands; he was a model for the Spring 1986 fashion show in New York and the Homme Plus Spring/Summer 1987 fashion show in Paris.[99][285][286] To commemorate Basquiat's runway appearances, Comme des Garçons featured his prints in the brand's Fall/Winter 2018 collection.[287] In 2015, Basquiat was featured on the cover of T: The New York Times Style Magazine Men's Style issue.[288]

Valentino's Fall/Winter 2006 collection paid homage to Basquiat.[289] Sean John created a capsule collection for the 30th anniversary of Basquiat's death in 2018.[290] Apparel and accessories companies that have featured Basquiat's work include Uniqlo,[291] Urban Outfitters, Supreme,[292] Herschel Supply Co.,[293] Alice + Olivia,[294] Olympia Le-Tan,[295] DAEM,[296] Coach New York,[297] and Saint Laurent.[298] Footwear companies such as Dr. Martens,[299] Reebok,[278] and Vivobarefoot have also collaborated with Basquiat's estate.[300]

In 2021, luxury jewelry company Tiffany & Co. partnered with American singer Beyoncé and rapper Jay-Z to promote the company's "About Love" campaign. The campaign incorporated Tiffany's recently acquired painting, Equals Pi (1982), by Basquiat. The painting heavily features a color close to the company's signature robin egg blue.The campaign was met with criticism from the artist's friends and colleagues.[301][302]

In 2022, Basquiat's estate partnered with Black Fashion Fair for a limited-run capsule collection, which was on view at the exhibition Jean-Michel Basquiat: King Pleasure in New York City.[303]

Film, television and theater edit

Basquiat starred in Downtown 81, a vérité movie written by Glenn O'Brien and shot by Edo Bertoglio in 1980–81, but not released until 2000.[304]

Without Walls: Shooting Star, a British documentary by Geoff Dunlop on Basquiat's life, aired on Channel 4 in 1990.[305] In 1996, painter Julian Schnabel made his filmmaking debut with the biopic Basquiat. It stars Jeffrey Wright as Basquiat and David Bowie as Andy Warhol.[306]

Jean-Michel Basquiat: The Radiant Child, a documentary film directed by Tamra Davis, premiered at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival and was shown on the PBS series Independent Lens in 2011.[307][308] Sara Driver directed the documentary film Boom for Real: The Late Teenage Years of Jean-Michel Basquiat, which premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival.[309] In 2018, PBS aired the documentary Basquiat: Rage to Riches as part of the American Masters series.[310]

In 2022, it was reported that actor Kelvin Harrison Jr. will star as Basquiat in an upcoming biopic titled Samo Lives, which will be written, directed and produced by Julius Onah.[311] It was also announced that actor Stephan James will star and co-produce a limited series about Basquiat.[312]

In 2022, The Collaboration, a play by Anthony McCarten about Basquiat and Warhol debuted at London's Young Vic Theatre with Jeremy Pope portraying Basquiat, and Paul Bettany as Warhol.[313] The play then moved to Broadway, for a limited run from December 2022 through March 2023, again starring Bettany and Pope, produced by the Manhattan Theatre Club.[314] The pair have also reprised their roles in a film version.[315]

Literature edit

 
"KING" by Johnny Blanco. Mixed Media on Canvas.[316]

In 1991, poet Kevin Young published the book To Repel Ghosts, a compendium of 117 poems relating to Basquiat's life, individual paintings, and social themes found in the artist's work. He published a "remix" of the book in 2005.[317] In 1993, a children's book was released titled Life Doesn't Frighten Me, which combines a poem written by Maya Angelou with art made by Basquiat.[318]

In 1998, journalist Phoebe Hoban published the unauthorized biography Basquiat: A Quick Killing in Art.[2] In 2000, author Jennifer Clement wrote the memoir Widow Basquiat: A Love Story, based on the narratives told to her by Basquiat's former girlfriend Suzanne Mallouk.[319]

In 2005, poet M. K. Asante published the poem "SAMO", dedicated to Basquiat, in his book Beautiful. And Ugly Too. The children's book Radiant Child: The Story of Young Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat, written and illustrated by Javaka Steptoe, was released in 2016.[320] The picture book won the Caldecott Medal in 2017.[321] In 2019, illustrator Paolo Parisi wrote the graphic novel Basquiat: A Graphic Novel, following Basquiat's journey from street-art legend SAMO to international art-scene darling, up until his death.[322]

Music edit

Shortly after Basquiat's death, guitarist Vernon Reid of the funk metal band Living Colour wrote a song called "Desperate People", released on their album Vivid. The song primarily addresses the drug scene of New York at that time. Reid was inspired to write the song after receiving a phone call from Greg Tate informing him of Basquiat's death.[323]

In August 2014, Revelation 13:18 released the single "Old School" featuring Jean-Michel Basquiat, along with the self-titled album Revelation 13:18 x Basquiat. The release date of "Old School" coincided with the anniversary of Basquiat's death.[324] In 2020, New York rock band the Strokes used Basquiat's painting Bird on Money (1981) as the cover art for their album The New Abnormal.[325]


See also edit

References edit

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  2. ^ a b c d e Bosworth, Patricia (August 9, 1998). "Hyped to Death". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 4, 2021.(subscription required)
  3. ^ Sowa, Emily; Hershkowitz, Toby (February 27, 2019). "Jean-Michel Basquiat's sisters talk growing up with the Brooklyn-born art icon". ABC7 New York. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  4. ^ Braziel, Jana Evans (2008). Artists, Performers, and Black Masculinity in the Haitian Diaspora. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-253-35139-5.
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April 08, 2024
jean, michel, basquiat, basquiat, redirects, here, other, uses, basquiat, disambiguation, french, pronunciation, ʒɑ, miʃɛl, baskja, december, 1960, august, 1988, american, artist, rose, success, during, 1980s, part, expressionism, movement, basquiat, andy, war. Basquiat redirects here For other uses see Basquiat disambiguation Jean Michel Basquiat French pronunciation ʒɑ miʃɛl baskja December 22 1960 August 12 1988 was an American artist who rose to success during the 1980s as part of the Neo expressionism movement Jean Michel BasquiatBasquiat by Andy Warhol in 1982Born 1960 12 22 December 22 1960New York City U S DiedAugust 12 1988 1988 08 12 aged 27 New York City U S Cause of deathHeroin overdoseResting placeGreen Wood Cemetery Brooklyn New York CityYears active1978 1988Known forPainting drawingNotable workIrony of Negro Policeman 1981 Untitled Skull 1981 Untitled 1982 Boy and Dog in a Johnnypump 1982 Defacement 1983 Hollywood Africans 1983 StyleNeo expressionism graffiti street artMovementNeo expressionismWebsitebasquiat wbr comBasquiat first achieved notoriety in the late 1970s as part of the graffiti duo SAMO alongside Al Diaz writing enigmatic epigrams all over Manhattan particularly in the cultural hotbed of the Lower East Side where rap punk and street art coalesced into early hip hop music culture By the early 1980s his paintings were being exhibited in galleries and museums internationally At 21 Basquiat became the youngest artist to ever take part in Documenta in Kassel Germany At 22 he was one of the youngest to exhibit at the Whitney Biennial in New York The Whitney Museum of American Art held a retrospective of his artwork in 1992 Basquiat s art focused on dichotomies such as wealth versus poverty integration versus segregation and inner versus outer experience He appropriated poetry drawing and painting and married text and image abstraction figuration and historical information mixed with contemporary critique He used social commentary in his paintings as a tool for introspection and for identifying with his experiences in the black community as well as attacks on power structures and systems of racism Since his death at the age of 27 in 1988 Basquiat s work has steadily increased in value In 2017 Untitled a 1982 painting depicting a black skull with red and yellow rivulets sold for a record breaking 110 5 million becoming one of the most expensive paintings ever purchased 1 Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life 1960 1977 1 2 Street art and Gray 1978 1980 1 3 Rise to fame and success 1980 1986 1 4 Final years and death 1986 1988 2 Artistry 2 1 Drawings 2 2 Heroes and saints 2 3 Anatomy and heads 2 4 Heritage 3 Reception 4 Exhibitions 5 Art market 5 1 Forgeries 5 2 Authentication committee 6 Sexuality 7 Legacy 7 1 Fashion 7 2 Film television and theater 7 3 Literature 7 4 Music 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksBiography editEarly life 1960 1977 edit Basquiat was born on December 22 1960 in Park Slope Brooklyn New York City the second of four children to Matilde Basquiat nee Andrades 1934 2008 and Gerard Basquiat 1930 2013 2 He had an older brother Max who died shortly before his birth and two younger sisters Lisane b 1964 and Jeanine b 1967 3 4 His father was born in Port au Prince Haiti and his mother was born in Brooklyn to Puerto Rican parents 5 He was raised Catholic 6 Matilde instilled a love for art in her young son by taking him to local art museums and enrolling him as a junior member of the Brooklyn Museum of Art 2 7 Basquiat was a precocious child who learned to read and write by the age of four 8 His mother encouraged her son s artistic talent and he often tried to draw his favorite cartoons 9 In 1967 he started attending Saint Ann s School a private school 10 11 There he met his friend Marc Prozzo and together they created a children s book written by Basquiat at the age of seven and illustrated by Prozzo 9 12 In 1968 Basquiat was hit by a car while playing in the street at the age of seven 13 His arm was broken and he suffered several internal injuries which required a splenectomy 14 While he was hospitalized his mother brought him a copy of Gray s Anatomy to keep him occupied 15 After his parents separated that year Basquiat and his sisters were raised by their father 2 15 His mother was admitted to a psychiatric hospital when he was ten and thereafter spent her life in and out of institutions 16 By the age of eleven Basquiat was fluent in French Spanish and English and an avid reader of all three languages 17 Basquiat s family resided in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Boerum Hill and then in 1974 moved to Miramar Puerto Rico 18 19 When they returned to Brooklyn in 1976 Basquiat attended Edward R Murrow High School 20 He struggled to deal with his mother s instability and rebelled as a teenager 21 He ran away from home at 15 when his father caught him smoking cannabis in his room 22 2 15 He slept on park benches at Washington Square Park and took LSD 23 24 Eventually his father spotted him with a shaved head and called the police to bring him home 25 In the 10th grade he enrolled at City As School an alternative high school in Manhattan home to many artistic students who found conventional schooling difficult 10 He would skip school with his friends but still received encouragement from his teachers and began to write and illustrate for the school newspaper 26 He developed the character SAMO to endorse a faux religion 27 The saying SAMO had started as a private joke between Basquiat and his schoolmate Al Diaz as an abbreviation for the phrase Same old shit 26 They drew a series of cartoons for their school paper before and after using SAMO c 28 Street art and Gray 1978 1980 edit SAMO for same old marked the witty sayings of a precocious and worldly teenage mind that even at that early juncture saw the world in shades of gray fearlessly juxtaposing corporate commodity structures with the social milieu he wished to enter the predominantly white art world Franklin Sirmans In the Cipher Basquiat and Hip Hop Culture 29 In May 1978 Basquiat and Diaz began spray painting graffiti on buildings in Lower Manhattan 28 30 Working under the pseudonym SAMO they inscribed poetic and satirical advertising slogans such as SAMO c AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO GOD 28 In June 1978 Basquiat was expelled from City As School for pieing the principal 31 At 17 his father kicked him out of the house when he decided to drop out of school 32 He worked for the Unique Clothing Warehouse in NoHo while continuing to create graffiti at night 33 34 On December 11 1978 The Village Voice published an article about the SAMO graffiti 28 In 1979 Basquiat appeared on the live public access television show TV Party hosted by Glenn O Brien 35 Basquiat and O Brien formed a friendship and he made regular appearances on the show over the next few years 35 Eventually he began spending time writing graffiti around the School of Visual Arts where he befriended students John Sex Kenny Scharf and Keith Haring 36 In April 1979 Basquiat met Michael Holman at the Canal Zone Party and they founded the noise rock band Test Pattern which was later renamed Gray 37 Other members of Gray included Shannon Dawson Nick Taylor Wayne Clifford and Vincent Gallo They performed at nightclubs such as Max s Kansas City CBGB Hurrah and the Mudd Club 37 Around this time Basquiat lived in the East Village with his friend Alexis Adler a Barnard biology graduate 38 He often copied diagrams of chemical compounds borrowed from Adler s science textbooks She documented Basquiat s creative explorations as he transformed the floors walls doors and furniture into his artworks 39 He also made postcards with his friend Jennifer Stein 40 While selling postcards in SoHo Basquiat spotted Andy Warhol at W P A restaurant with art critic Henry Geldzahler 15 He sold Warhol a postcard titled Stupid Games Bad Ideas 41 nbsp SAMO Xerox poster 1979 In October 1979 at Arleen Schloss s open space called A s Basquiat showed his SAMO montages using color Xerox copies of his works 42 Schloss allowed Basquiat to use the space to create his MAN MADE clothing which were painted upcycled garments 43 44 In November 1979 costume designer Patricia Field carried his clothing line in her upscale boutique on 8th Street in Greenwich Village 45 Field also displayed his sculptures in the store window 46 When Basquiat and Diaz had a falling out he inscribed SAMO IS DEAD on the walls of SoHo buildings in 1980 47 In June 1980 he appeared in High Times magazine his first national publication as part of an article titled Graffiti 80 The State of the Outlaw Art by Glenn O Brien 48 Later that year he began filming O Brien s independent film Downtown 81 2000 originally titled New York Beat which featured some of Gray s recordings on its soundtrack 49 Rise to fame and success 1980 1986 edit In June 1980 Basquiat participated in The Times Square Show a multi artist exhibition sponsored by Collaborative Projects Incorporated Colab and Fashion Moda 50 He was noticed by various critics and curators including Jeffrey Deitch who mentioned him in an article titled Report from Times Square in the September 1980 issue of Art in America 51 52 In February 1981 Basquiat participated in the New York New Wave exhibition curated by Diego Cortez at New York s P S 1 53 Italian artist Sandro Chia recommended Basquiat s work to Italian dealer Emilio Mazzoli who promptly bought 10 paintings for Basquiat to have a show at his gallery in Modena Italy in May 1981 24 54 In December 1981 art critic Rene Ricard published The Radiant Child in Artforum magazine the first extensive article on Basquiat 55 During this period Basquiat painted many pieces on objects he found in the streets such as discarded doors 56 Basquiat sold his first painting Cadillac Moon 1981 to Debbie Harry lead singer of the punk rock band Blondie for 200 after they had filmed Downtown 81 together 57 He also appeared as a disc jockey in the 1981 Blondie music video Rapture a role originally intended for Grandmaster Flash 58 At the time Basquiat was living with his girlfriend Suzanne Mallouk who financially supported him as a waitress 21 In September 1981 art dealer Annina Nosei invited Basquiat to join her gallery at the suggestion of Sandro Chia 24 Soon after he participated in her group show Public Address 59 She provided him with materials and a space to work in the basement of her gallery 31 In 1982 Nosei arranged for him to move into a loft which also served as a studio at 101 Crosby Street in SoHo 60 61 He had his first American one man show at the Annina Nosei Gallery in March 1982 31 He also painted in Modena for his second Italian exhibition in March 1982 62 Feeling exploited that show was canceled because he was expected to make eight paintings in one week 24 By the summer of 1982 Basquiat had left the Annina Nosei Gallery and gallerist Bruno Bischofberger became his worldwide art dealer 63 In June 1982 at 21 Basquiat became the youngest artist to ever take part in Documenta in Kassel Germany 32 His works were exhibited alongside Joseph Beuys Anselm Kiefer Gerhard Richter Cy Twombly and Andy Warhol 64 Bischofberger gave Basquiat a one man show at his Zurich gallery in September 1982 and arranged for him to meet Warhol for lunch on October 4 1982 65 Warhol recalled I took a Polaroid and he went home and within two hours a painting was back still wet of him and me together 66 The painting Dos Cabezas 1982 ignited a friendship between them 67 Basquiat was photographed by James Van Der Zee for an interview with Henry Geldzahler published in the January 1983 issue of Warhol s Interview magazine 68 nbsp From 1983 to 1988 Basquiat lived at 57 Great Jones Street in NoHo where he died A plaque commemorating his life was placed outside the building in 2016 In November 1982 Basquiat s solo exhibition opened at the Fun Gallery in the East Village 69 Among the works exhibited were A Panel of Experts 1982 and Equals Pi 1982 70 In early December 1982 71 Basquiat began working at the studio space art dealer Larry Gagosian had built below his Venice California home 72 In Los Angeles he frequented the Whisky a Go Go and Tail o the Pup with his friend artist George Condo 73 There he commenced a series of paintings for a March 1983 show his second at the Gagosian Gallery in West Hollywood 72 He was accompanied by his girlfriend then unknown singer Madonna 74 Gagosian recalled Everything was going along fine Jean Michel was making paintings I was selling them and we were having a lot of fun But then one day Jean Michel said My girlfriend is coming to stay with me So I said Well what s she like And he said Her name is Madonna and she s going to be huge I ll never forget that he said that 75 Basquiat took considerable interest in the work that artist Robert Rauschenberg was producing at Gemini G E L in West Hollywood 72 He visited him on several occasions and found inspiration in his accomplishments 72 While in Los Angeles Basquiat painted Hollywood Africans 1983 which portrays him with graffiti artists Toxic and Rammellzee 76 He often painted portraits of other graffiti artists and sometimes collaborators in works such as Portrait of A One A K A King 1982 Toxic 1984 and ERO 1984 77 In 1983 he produced the hip hop record Beat Bop featuring Rammellzee and rapper K Rob 78 It was pressed in limited quantities on his Tartown Inc imprint He created the cover art for the single making it highly desirable among both record and art collectors 79 nbsp Andy Warhol Jean Michel Basquiat Bruno Bischofberger and Francesco Clemente in 1984In March 1983 at 22 years old Basquiat became one of the youngest artists to participate in the Whitney Biennial exhibition of contemporary art 80 81 Paige Powell an associate publisher for Interview magazine organized a show of his work at her friend s New York apartment in April 1983 82 83 Shortly after he began a relationship with Powell who was instrumental in fostering his friendship with Warhol 80 In August 1983 Basquiat moved into a loft owned by Warhol at 57 Great Jones Street in NoHo which also served as a studio 84 In the summer of 1983 Basquiat invited Lee Jaffe a former musician in Bob Marley s band to join him on a trip throughout Asia and Europe 85 86 On his return to New York he was deeply affected by the death of Michael Stewart an aspiring black artist in the downtown club scene who was killed by transit police in September 1983 He painted Defacement The Death of Michael Stewart 1983 in response to the incident 87 He also participated in a Christmas benefit with various New York artists for the family of Michael Stewart in 1983 88 Having joined the Mary Boone s SoHo gallery in 1983 Basquiat had his first show there in May 1984 89 A large number of photographs depict a collaboration between Warhol and Basquiat in 1984 and 1985 90 When they collaborated Warhol would start with something very concrete or a recognizable image and then Basquiat defaced it in his animated style 91 They made an homage to the 1984 Summer Olympics with Olympics 1984 Other collaborations include Taxi 45th Broadway 1984 85 and Zenith 1985 Their joint exhibition Paintings at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery caused a rift in their friendship after it was panned by critics and Basquiat was called Warhol s mascot 66 Basquiat often painted in expensive Armani suits and would appear in public in the same paint splattered clothes 92 93 He was a regular at the Area nightclub where he sometimes worked the turntables as a DJ for fun 94 He also painted murals for the Palladium nightclub in New York City 95 His swift rise to fame was covered in the media He appeared on the cover of the February 10 1985 issue of The New York Times Magazine in a feature titled New Art New Money The Marketing of an American Artist 24 His work appeared in GQ and Esquire and he was interviewed for MTV s Art Break segment 96 97 In 1985 he walked the runway for the Comme des Garcons Spring fashion show in New York 98 99 In the mid 1980s Basquiat was earning 1 4 million a year and he was receiving lump sums of 40 000 from art dealers 100 Despite his success his emotional instability continued to haunt him The more money Basquiat made the more paranoid and deeply involved with drugs he became wrote journalist Michael Shnayerson 100 Basquiat s cocaine use became so excessive that he blew a hole in his nasal septum 31 A friend claimed that Basquiat confessed he was on heroin in late 1980 31 Many of his peers speculated that his drug use was a means of coping with the demands of his newfound fame the exploitative nature of the art industry and the pressures of being a black man in the white dominated art world 101 For what would be his last exhibition on the West Coast Basquiat returned to Los Angeles for his show at the Gagosian Gallery in January 1986 102 In February 1986 Basquiat traveled to Atlanta Georgia for an exhibition of his drawings at Fay Gold Gallery 103 That month he participated in Limelight s Art Against Apartheid benefit 104 In the summer he had a solo exhibition at Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac in Salzburg 102 He was also invited to walk the runway for Rei Kawakubo again this time at the Comme des Garcons Homme Plus fashion show in Paris 105 106 In October 1986 Basquiat flew to Ivory Coast for an exhibition of his work organized by Bruno Bischofberger at the French Cultural Institute in Abidjan 102 107 He was accompanied by his girlfriend Jennifer Goode who worked at his frequent hangout Area nightclub 108 109 In November 1986 at 25 years old Basquiat became the youngest artist given an exhibition at Kestner Gesellschaft in Hanover Germany 110 Final years and death 1986 1988 edit During their relationship Goode began snorting heroin with Basquiat since drugs were at her disposal 15 She said He didn t push it on me but it was just there and I was so naive 15 In late 1986 she successfully got herself and Basquiat into a methadone program in Manhattan but he quit after three weeks 111 According to Goode he did not start injecting heroin until after she ended their relationship 15 In the last 18 months of his life Basquiat became something of a recluse 101 His continued drug use is thought to have been a way of coping after the death of his friend Andy Warhol in February 1987 101 15 In 1987 Basquiat had exhibitions at Galerie Daniel Templon in Paris the Akira Ikeda Gallery in Tokyo and the Tony Shafrazi Gallery in New York 112 He designed a Ferris wheel for Andre Heller s Luna Luna an ephemeral amusement park in Hamburg from June to August 1987 with rides designed by renowned contemporary artists 113 In January 1988 Basquiat traveled to Paris for his exhibition at the Yvon Lambert Gallery and to Dusseldorf for an exhibition at the Hans Mayer Gallery 114 While in Paris he befriended Ivorian artist Ouattara Watts 115 They made plans to travel together to Watts birthplace Korhogo that summer 114 Following his exhibition at the Vrej Baghoomian Gallery in New York in April 1988 Basquiat traveled to Maui in June to withdraw from drug use 101 114 After returning to New York in July Basquiat ran into Keith Haring on Broadway who stated that this last encounter was the only time Basquiat ever discussed his drug problem with him 116 Glenn O Brien also recalled Basquiat calling him and telling him he was feeling really good 117 Despite attempts at sobriety Basquiat died at the age of 27 of a heroin overdose at his home on Great Jones Street in Manhattan on August 12 1988 31 40 He had been found unresponsive in his bedroom by his girlfriend Kelle Inman and was taken to Cabrini Medical Center where he was pronounced dead on arrival 118 15 nbsp Basquiat s grave at Green Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn New YorkBasquiat is buried at Brooklyn s Green Wood Cemetery 119 A private funeral was held at Frank E Campbell Funeral Chapel on August 17 1988 119 The funeral was attended by immediate family and close friends including Keith Haring Francesco Clemente Glenn O Brien and Basquiat s former girlfriend Paige Powell 119 117 Art dealer Jeffrey Deitch delivered a eulogy 51 A public memorial was held at Saint Peter s Church on November 3 1988 120 Among the speakers was Ingrid Sischy who as the editor of Artforum got to know Basquiat well and commissioned a number of articles that introduced his work to the wider world 121 Basquiat s former girlfriend Suzanne Mallouk recited sections of A R Penck s Poem for Basquiat and his friend Fab 5 Freddy read a poem by Langston Hughes 122 The 300 guests included musicians John Lurie and Arto Lindsay Keith Haring poet David Shapiro Glenn O Brien and members of Basquiat s former band Gray 120 In memory of the late artist Keith Haring created the painting A Pile of Crowns for Jean Michel Basquiat 123 In the obituary Haring wrote for Vogue he stated He truly created a lifetime of works in ten years Greedily we wonder what else he might have created what masterpieces we have been cheated out of by his death but the fact is that he has created enough work to intrigue generations to come Only now will people begin to understand the magnitude of his contribution 124 125 Artistry editSee also List of paintings by Jean Michel BasquiatBasquiat s canon revolves around single heroic figures athletes prophets warriors cops musicians kings and the artist himself In these images the head is often a central focus topped by crowns hats and halos In this way the intellect is emphasized lifted up to notice privileged over the body and the physicality of these figures i e black men commonly represent in the world Kellie Jones Lost in Translation Jean Michel in the Re Mix 126 Art critic Franklin Sirmans analyzed that Basquiat appropriated poetry drawing and painting and married text and image abstraction figuration and historical information mixed with contemporary critique 29 His social commentary were acutely political and direct in their criticism of colonialism and support for class struggle 29 He also explored artistic legacies from wide sources including an interrogation of the classical tradition 127 Art historian Fred Hoffman hypothesizes that the underlying of Basquiat s self identification as an artist was his innate capacity to function as something like an oracle distilling his perceptions of the outside world down to their essence and in turn projecting them outward through his creative act 128 and that his art focused on recurrent suggestive dichotomies such as wealth versus poverty integration versus segregation and inner versus outer experience 128 Before his career as a painter began Basquiat produced punk inspired postcards for sale on the street and became known for his political poetical graffiti under the name of SAMO 41 He often drew on random objects and surfaces including other people s clothing 38 The conjunction of various media is an integral element of his art His paintings are typically covered with codes of all kinds words letters numerals pictograms logos map symbols and diagrams 129 Basquiat primarily used texts as reference sources 130 A few of the books he used were Gray s Anatomy Henry Dreyfuss Symbol Sourcebook Leonardo da Vinci published by Reynal amp Company and Burchard Brentjes African Rock Art Flash of the Spirit by Robert Farris Thompson 131 132 A middle period from late 1982 to 1985 featured multi panel paintings and individual canvases with exposed stretcher bars the surface dense with writing collage and imagery The years 1984 to 1985 were also the period of the Basquiat Warhol collaborations 133 Drawings edit nbsp Basquiat s drawing of art critic Rene Ricard Untitled Axe Rene 1984 In his short but prolific career Basquiat produced around 1 500 drawings around 600 paintings and many sculpture and mixed media works 134 He drew constantly and often used objects around him as surfaces when paper was not immediately at hand 135 136 Since childhood he produced cartoon inspired drawings when encouraged by his mother s interest in art and drawing became a part of his expression as an artist 137 He drew in many different media most commonly ink pencil felt tip or marker and oil stick He sometimes used Xerox copies of fragments of his drawings to paste onto the canvases of larger paintings 138 The first public showing of Basquiat s paintings and drawings was in 1981 at the MoMA PS1 New York New Wave exhibition Rene Ricard s article Radiant Child in Artforum magazine brought Basquiat to the attention of the art world 139 Basquiat immortalized Ricard in two drawings Untitled Axe Rene 1984 and Rene Ricard 1984 140 A poet as well as an artist words featured heavily in his drawings and paintings with direct references to racism slavery the people and street scene of 1980s New York black historical figures famous musicians and athletes as his notebooks and many important drawings demonstrate 141 142 Often Basquiat s drawings were untitled and as such to differentiate works a word written within the drawing is commonly in parentheses after Untitled After Basquiat died his estate was controlled by his father Gerard Basquiat who also oversaw the committee which authenticated artworks and operated from 1994 to 2012 to review over 2000 works the majority of which were drawings 143 Heroes and saints edit A prominent theme in Basquiat s work is the portrayal of historically prominent black figures who were identified as heroes and saints His early works often featured the iconographic depiction of crowns and halos to distinguish heroes and saints in his specially chosen pantheon 32 Jean Michel s crown has three peaks for his three royal lineages the poet the musician the great boxing champion Jean measured his skill against all he deemed strong without prejudice as to their taste or age said his friend and artist Francesco Clemente 144 Reviewing Basquiat s show at the Bilbao Guggenheim Art Daily noted that Basquiat s crown is a changeable symbol at times a halo and at others a crown of thorns emphasizing the martyrdom that often goes hand in hand with sainthood For Basquiat these heroes and saints are warriors occasionally rendered triumphant with arms raised in victory 145 Basquiat was particularly a fan of bebop and cited saxophonist Charlie Parker as a hero 24 He frequently referenced Parker and other jazz musicians in paintings such as Charles the First 1982 and Horn Players 1983 and King Zulu 1986 57 Basquiat looked to jazz music for inspiration and for instruction much in the same way that he looked to the modern masters of painting said art historian Jordana Moore Saggese 146 Anatomy and heads edit nbsp Untitled Skull 1981 A major reference source used by Basquiat throughout his career was the book Gray s Anatomy which his mother had given him while he was in the hospital when he was seven 14 It remained influential in his depictions of human anatomy and in its mixture of image and text as seen in Flesh and Spirit 1982 83 Art historian Olivier Berggruen situates in Basquiat s anatomical screen prints Anatomy 1982 an assertion of vulnerability one which creates an aesthetic of the body as damaged scarred fragmented incomplete or torn apart once the organic whole has disappeared Paradoxically it is the very act of creating these representations that conjures a positive corporeal valence between the artist and his sense of self or identity 147 Heads and skulls are significant focal points of many of Basquiat s most seminal works 148 Heads in works like Untitled Two Heads on Gold 1982 and Philistines 1982 are reminiscent of African masks suggesting a cultural reclamation 148 The skulls allude to Haitian Vodou which is filled with skull symbolism the paintings Red Skull 1982 and Untitled 1982 can be seen as primary examples 149 In reference to the potent image depicted in Untitled Skull 1981 art historian Fred Hoffman writes that Basquiat was likely caught off guard possibly even frightened by the power and energy emanating from this unexpected image 128 Further investigation by Hoffman in his book The Art of Jean Michel Basquiat reveals a deeper interest in the artist s fascination with heads that proves an evolution in the artist s oeuvre from one of raw power to one of more refined cognizance 150 Heritage edit Basquiat s diverse cultural heritage was one of his many sources of inspiration He often incorporated Spanish words into his artworks like Untitled Pollo Frito 1982 and Sabado por la Noche 1984 Basquiat s La Hara 1981 a menacing portrait of a white police officer combines the Nuyorican slang term for police la jara and the Irish surname O Hara 151 The black hatted figure that appears in his paintings The Guilt of Gold Teeth 1982 and Despues De Un Pun 1987 is believed to represent Baron Samedi the spirit of death and resurrection in Haitian Vodou 152 Basquiat has various works deriving from African American history namely Slave Auction 1982 Undiscovered Genius of the Mississippi Delta 1983 El Gran Espectaculo The Nile 1983 and Jim Crow 1986 153 Another painting Irony of Negro Policeman 1981 illustrates how African Americans have been controlled by a predominantly white society Basquiat sought to portray that African Americans have become complicit with the institutionalized forms of whiteness and corrupt white regimes of power years after the Jim Crow era had ended 154 This concept has been reiterated in additional Basquiat works including Created Equal 1984 In the essay Lost in Translation Jean Michel in the Re Mix Kellie Jones posits that Basquiat s mischievous complex and neologistic side with regard to the fashioning of modernity and the influence and effluence of black culture are often elided by critics and viewers and thus lost in translation 126 Reception editLike a DJ Basquiat adeptly reworked Neo expressionism s cliched language of gesture freedom and angst and redirected Pop art s strategy of appropriation to produce a body of work that at times celebrated black culture and history but also revealed its complexity and contradictions Lydia Lee 29 Shortly after his death The New York Times indicated that Basquiat was the most famous of only a small number of young black artists who have achieved national recognition 101 Art critic Bonnie Rosenberg wrote that Basquiat experienced a good taste of fame in his last years when he was a critically embraced and popularly celebrated artistic phenomenon and that some people focused on the superficial exoticism of his work missing the fact that it held important connections to expressive precursors 155 Traditionally the interpretation of Basquiat s works at the visual level comes from the subdued emotional tone of what they represent compared to what is actually depicted For example the figures in his paintings as stated by writer Stephen Metcalf are shown frontally with little or no depth of field and nerves and organs are exposed as in an anatomy textbook Are these creatures dead and being clinically dissected one wonders or alive and in immense pain 61 Writer Olivia Laing noted that words jumped out at him from the back of cereal boxes or subway ads and he stayed alert to their subversive properties their double and hidden meaning 156 A second recurrent reference to Basquiat s aesthetics comes from the artist s intention to share in the words of gallerist Niru Ratnam a highly individualistic expressive view of the world 157 Art historian Luis Alberto Mejia Clavijo believes Basquiat s work inspires people to paint like a child don t paint what is in the surface but what you are re creating inside 158 Musician David Bowie who was a collector of Basquiat s works stated that he seemed to digest the frenetic flow of passing image and experience put them through some kind of internal reorganization and dress the canvas with this resultant network of chance 57 Art critics have also compared Basquiat s work to the emergence of hip hop during the same era Basquiat s art like the best hip hop takes apart and reassembles the work that came before it said art critic Franklin Sirmans in a 2005 essay In the Cipher Basquiat and the Hip Hop Culture 159 Art critic Rene Ricard wrote in his 1981 article The Radiant Child I m always amazed at how people come up with things Like Jean Michel How did he come up with the words he puts all over everything his way of making a point without overstating the case using one or two words he reveals a political acuity gets the viewer going in the direction he wants the illusion of the bombed over wall One or two words containing a full body One or two words on a Jean Michel contain the entire history of graffiti What he incorporates into his pictures whether found or made is specific and selective He has a perfect idea of what he s getting across using everything that collates to his vision 55 Curator Marc Mayer wrote in the 2005 essay Basquiat in History Basquiat speaks articulately while dodging the full impact of clarity like a matador We can read his pictures without strenuous effort the words the images the colors and the construction but we cannot quite fathom the point they belabor Keeping us in this state of half knowing of mystery within familiarity had been the core technique of his brand of communication since his adolescent days as the graffiti poet SAMO To enjoy them we are not meant to analyze the pictures too carefully Quantifying the encyclopedic breadth of his research certainly results in an interesting inventory but the sum cannot adequately explain his pictures which requires an effort outside the purview of iconography he painted a calculated incoherence calibrating the mystery of what such apparently meaning laden pictures might ultimately mean 160 In the 1980s art critic Robert Hughes dismissed Basquiat s work as absurd 161 He attributed the Basquiat phenomenon to be a mixture of hype overproduction and a greedy art market 162 In a 1997 review for The Daily Telegraph art critic Hilton Kramer begins by stating that Basquiat had no idea what the word quality meant He relentlessly criticized Basquiat as a talentless hustler and street smart but otherwise invincibly ignorant arguing that he used his youth his looks his skin colour and his abundant sex appeal to win an overnight fame that proved to be his undoing and that art dealers of the time were as ignorant about art as Basquiat himself In saying that Basquiat s work never rose above that lowly artistic station of graffiti even when his paintings were fetching enormous prices Kramer argued that graffiti art acquired a cult status in certain New York art circles He further opined As a result of the campaign waged by these art world entrepreneurs on Basquiat s behalf and their own of course there was never any doubt that the museums the collectors and the media would fall into line when talking about the marketing of Basquiat s name 163 Exhibitions editBasquiat s first public exhibition was at The Times Square Show in New York in June 1980 50 In May 1981 he had his first solo exhibition at Galleria d Arte Emilio Mazzoli in Modena 54 In late 1981 he joined the Annina Nosei Gallery in New York where he had his first American one man show from March 6 to April 1 1982 164 In 1982 he also had shows at the Gagosian Gallery in West Hollywood Galerie Bruno Bischofberger in Zurich and the Fun Gallery in the East Village 165 Major exhibitions of his work have included Jean Michel Basquiat Paintings 1981 1984 at the Fruitmarket Gallery Edinburgh in 1984 which traveled to the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen Rotterdam in 1985 In 1985 the University Art Museum Berkeley hosted Basquiat s first solo American museum exhibition 166 His work was showcased at Kestner Gesellschaft Hannover in 1987 and 1989 167 The first retrospective of his work was held by the Baghoomian Gallery in New York from October to November 1989 168 His first museum retrospective Jean Michel Basquiat was at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York from October 1992 to February 1993 169 170 The show was sponsored by AT amp T MTV and Basquiat s former girlfriend Madonna 171 It subsequently traveled to the Menil Collection in Texas the Des Moines Art Center in Iowa and the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts in Alabama from 1993 to 1994 172 The exhibition s catalog was edited by Richard Marshall and included several essays from different perspectives 173 In 1996 Madonna sponsored an exhibition of his work at the Serpentine Gallery in London 174 175 176 In March 2005 the retrospective Basquiat was mounted by the Brooklyn Museum in New York 177 It traveled to the Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles and the Museum of Fine Arts Houston 178 From October 2006 to January 2007 the first Basquiat exhibition in Puerto Rico was held at the Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico produced by ArtPremium Corinne Timsit and Eric Bonici 179 In 2016 the Brooklyn Museum organized and presented Basquiat The Unknown Notebooks the first major viewing of Basquiat s sketches poetry notetaking and overall artist s book practice The show traveled to the Perez Art Museum Miami later on A monograph featuring essays by Perez Art Museum Miami executive director the art historian Franklin Sirmans and Henry Louis Gates was published in the occasion of this exhibition 180 181 Basquiat remains an important source of inspiration for a younger generation of contemporary artists all over the world such as Rita Ackermann and Kader Attia as shown for example at the exhibition Street and Studio From Basquiat to Seripop co curated by Catherine Hug and Thomas Miessgang and previously exhibited at Kunsthalle Wien Austria in 2010 182 Basquiat and the Bayou a 2014 show presented by the Ogden Museum of Southern Art in New Orleans focused on the artist s works with themes of the American South 183 The Brooklyn Museum exhibited Basquiat The Unknown Notebooks in 2015 184 In 2017 Basquiat Before Basquiat East 12th Street 1979 1980 exhibited as Museum of Contemporary Art Denver which displayed works created during the year Basquiat lived with his friend Alexis Adler 39 Later that year the Barbican Centre in London exhibited Basquiat Boom for Real 185 In 2019 the Brant Foundation in New York hosted an extensive exhibition of Basquiat s works with free admission 186 All 50 000 tickets were claimed before the exhibition opened so additional tickets were released 187 In June 2019 the Solomon R Guggenheim Museum in New York presented Basquiat s Defacement The Untold Story 188 Later that year the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne opened the exhibition Keith Haring and Jean Michel Basquiat Crossing Lines 189 In 2020 the Lotte Museum of Art mounted the first major exhibition of Jean Michel Basquiat in Seoul 190 The Museum of Fine Arts Boston exhibited Writing the Future Basquiat and the Hip Hop Generation from October 2020 to July 2021 191 Basquiat s family curated Jean Michel Basquiat King Pleasure an immersive exhibition with over 200 never before seen and rarely shown works 192 King Pleasure debuted at the Starrett Lehigh Building in Chelsea New York in April 2022 193 In March 2023 the exhibition traveled to the Grand LA in Los Angeles 194 In 2022 the Albertina presented the first museum retrospective of Basquiat s work in Austria 195 The exhibition Seeing Loud Basquiat and Music was mounted at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts in 2022 196 In 2023 the show traveled to Paris as Basquiat Soundtracks at the Philharmonie de Paris 197 Later that year the Brant Foundation held the exhibition Basquiat X Warhol at their East Village location 198 Art market editBasquiat sold his first painting to singer Debbie Harry for 200 in 1981 57 Advised by Italian artist Sandro Chia gallerist Emilio Mazzoli purchased ten of Basquiat s works for 10 000 and held an exhibition at his gallery in Modena in May 1981 24 Spurred by the Neo expressionism art boom his work was in great demand by 1982 which is considered his most valuable year 165 A majority of his highest selling paintings at auction date to 1982 Recalling that year Basquiat said I had some money I made the best paintings ever 24 His paintings were priced at 5 000 to 10 000 in 1983 lowered from the range of 10 000 to 15 000 when he joined Mary Boone s gallery to reflect what she felt was consistent with those of other artists in her gallery 199 In 1984 it was reported that in two years his work appreciated in value by 500 200 In the mid 1980s Basquiat was earning 1 4 million a year as an artist 100 By 1985 his paintings were selling for 10 000 to 25 000 each 24 Basquiat s rise to fame in the international art market landed him on the cover of The New York Times Magazine in 1985 which was unprecedented for a young African American artist 201 Since Basquiat s death in 1988 the market for his work has developed steadily in line with overall art market trends with a dramatic peak in 2007 when at the height of the art market boom the global auction volume for his work was over 115 million Brett Gorvy deputy chairman of Christie s is quoted describing Basquiat s market as two tiered The most coveted material is rare generally dating from the best period 1981 83 202 Until 2002 the highest amount paid for an original work of Basquiat s was 3 3 million for Self Portrait 1982 sold at Christie s in 1998 203 In 2002 Basquiat s Profit I 1982 was sold at Christie s by drummer Lars Ulrich of the heavy metal band Metallica for 5 5 million 204 The proceedings of the auction were documented in the 2004 film Metallica Some Kind of Monster 205 In June 2002 New York artist Alfredo Martinez was charged by the Federal Bureau of Investigation with attempting to deceive two art dealers by selling them 185 000 worth of fake Basquiat drawings 206 The charges against Martinez which landed him in Manhattan s Metropolitan Correction Center for 21 months involved a scheme to sell drawings he copied from authentic artworks accompanied by forged certificates of authenticity 207 Martinez claimed he got away with selling fake Basquiat drawings for 18 years 208 209 In 2007 Basquiat s painting Hannibal 1982 was seized by federal authorities as part of an embezzlement scheme by convicted Brazilian money launderer and former banker Edemar Cid Ferreira 210 Ferreira had purchased the painting with illegally acquired funds while he controlled Banco Santos in Brazil 210 It was shipped to a Manhattan warehouse via the Netherlands with a false shipping invoice stating it was worth 100 211 The painting was later sold at Sotheby s for 13 1 million 212 Between 2007 and 2012 the price of Basquiat s work continued to steadily increase up to 16 3 million 213 214 215 The sale of Untitled 1981 for 20 1 million in 2012 elevated his market to a new stratosphere 216 Soon other works in his oeuvre outpaced that record Another work Untitled 1981 depicting a fisherman sold for 26 4 million in 2012 217 In 2013 Dustheads 1982 sold for 48 8 million at Christie s 218 Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa purchased Untitled 1982 depicting a devil like figure for 57 3 million at Christie s in 2017 219 He sold the painting for 85 million at Phillips in 2022 220 Maezawa also purchased Basquiat s Untitled 1982 a powerful depiction of a black skull with red and yellow rivulets for a record setting 110 5 million in May 2017 221 It is the second highest price ever paid at an auction for artwork by an American artist 222 223 In 2018 Flexible 1984 sold for 45 3 million becoming Basquiat s first post 1983 painting to surpass the 20 million mark 224 In June 2020 Untitled Head 1982 sold for 15 2 million a record for a Sotheby s online sale and a record for a Basquiat work on paper 225 In July 2020 Loic Gouzer s Fair Warning app announced that an untitled drawing on paper sold for 10 8 million which is a record high for an in app purchase 226 Earlier that year American businessman Ken Griffin purchased Boy and Dog in a Johnnypump 1982 for upwards of 100 million from art collector Peter Brant 227 228 In March 2021 Warrior 1982 sold for 41 8 million at Christie s in Hong Kong which is the most expensive Western work of art sold at auction in Asia 229 230 In May 2021 In This Case 1983 sold for 93 1 million at Christie s in New York 231 Later that year Donut Revenge 1982 sold for 20 9 million at Christie s in Hong Kong 232 In 2022 Sugar Ray Robinson 1982 sold for 32 6 million at Christie s in New York 233 In 2023 El Gran Espectaculo The Nile 1983 sold for 67 1 million at Christie s and Self Portrait as a Heel Part Two 1982 sold for 42 million at Sotheby s in New York 234 235 Forgeries edit In 1994 three paintings displayed as Basquiats at the FIAC were revealed to be fakes 236 In 2007 Christie s was sued in Manhattan Supreme Court for allegedly selling a fake Basquiat 237 238 Christie s rejected the charge 239 but the suit proceeded 240 241 In 2020 a Los Angeles man Philip Bennet Righter plead guilty to art fraud after trying to sell forged paintings by Andy Warhol and Jean Michel Basquiat 242 Also in 2020 in France an exhibition of drawings attributed to Basquiat at the Volcano gallery in Nuits Saint Georges was disputed 236 243 In February 2022 the Orlando Museum of Art mounted the controversial exhibition Heroes amp Monsters which consisted of 25 cardboard works that were claimed to have been sold by Basquiat directly to screenwriter Thad Mumford in 1982 and then placed in storage where they remained until being rediscovered in 2012 244 245 246 The paintings were seized in a raid by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in June 2022 247 The New York Times obtained an affidavit that revealed Mumford signed a declaration in the presence of federal agents stating that at no time in the 1980s or any other time did I meet with Jean Michel Basquiat and at no time did I acquire or purchase any paintings from him 248 Los Angeles auctioneer Michael Barzman confessed to creating a suite of 25 Basquiat forgeries that wound up at the Orlando Museum of Art and was sentenced to community service and probation 249 250 251 In 2023 Florida art dealer Daniel Elie Bouaziz was sentenced to 27 months in federal prison for a money laundering scheme to sell counterfeit contemporary artworks including pieces purportedly by Jean Michel Basquiat Andy Warhol and Banksy 252 Authentication committee edit The authentication committee of the estate of Jean Michel Basquiat was formed by the Robert Miller Gallery the gallery that was assigned to handle Basquiat s estate after his death in part to wage battle against the growing number of fakes and forgeries in the Basquiat market 253 The cost of the committee s opinion was 100 253 The committee was headed by Basquiat s father Gerard Basquiat Members varied depending on who was available at the time when a piece was being authenticated but they have included the curators and gallerists Diego Cortez Jeffrey Deitch Annina Nosei John Cheim Richard Marshall Fred Hoffman and publisher Larry Warsh 254 255 In 2008 the authentication committee was sued by collector Gerard De Geer who claimed the committee breached its contract by refusing to offer an opinion on the authenticity of the painting Fuego Flores 1983 256 After the lawsuit was dismissed the committee ruled the work genuine 257 In January 2012 the committee announced that after eighteen years it would dissolve in September of that year and no longer consider applications 255 Sexuality editBasquiat had romantic relationships with many women including singer Madonna 258 259 Although he never publicly identified as bisexual a few of his friends have stated that he had sexual relationships with men 260 261 Basquiat s former girlfriend Suzanne Mallouk described his sexual interest as not monochromatic It did not rely on visual stimulation such as a pretty girl It was a very rich multichromatic sexuality He was attracted to people for all different reasons They could be boys girls thin fat pretty ugly He was attracted to intelligence more than anything and to pain 262 Biographer Phoebe Hoban wrote on Basquiat s first sexual experiences which were with men 263 When Basquiat was a minor in Puerto Rico he was orally raped by a barber dressed in drag then he got involved with a deejay 20 Art critic Rene Ricard who helped launch Basquiat s career said that Basquiat was into everything and had turned tricks in Condado when he lived in Puerto Rico As a teenager Basquiat told a friend that he worked as a prostitute on 42nd Street in Manhattan when he ran away from home 26 Andy Warhol said Basquiat had refused to go with him and Keith Haring to Rounds a gay hustler bar 264 because it brought back bad memories of when he was hustling 265 Legacy edit nbsp Place Jean Michel Basquiat in ParisBasquiat s estate was administered by his father Gerard Basquiat until his passing in 2013 143 It is now run by his sisters Jeanine Heriveaux and Lisane Basquiat 266 His work had a significant impact on the street art and hip hop scene 267 and has been noted as an influence on a range of contemporary artists including Banksy Shepard Fairey and Halim Flowers 268 269 In 2015 Basquiat was featured on the cover of Vanity Fair s Art and Artists Special Edition 270 In 2016 the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation placed a plaque commemorating Basquiat s life outside his former residence at 57 Great Jones Street in Manhattan 271 In 2017 Basquiat was posthumously awarded the key to the city of Brooklyn by Borough President Eric Adams and honored on the Celebrity Path at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden 272 Before the exhibition Basquiat Boom for Real at London s Barbican Centre in 2017 graffiti artist Banksy created two murals inspired by Basquiat on the walls of the Barbican 273 The first mural depicts Basquiat s painting Boy and Dog in a Johnnypump 1982 being searched by two police officers 274 275 The second mural depicts a carousel with the carriages replaced with Basquiat s signature crown motif 276 In 2018 a public square in the 13th arrondissement of Paris was named Place Jean Michel Basquiat in his memory 277 For the 2020 21 NBA season the Brooklyn Nets honored Basquiat with their City Edition uniform and a court design inspired by his art 278 279 In 2021 the Joe and Clara Tsai Foundation funded a Basquiat educational arts program developed in partnership between the Brooklyn Nets the New York City Department of Education and the Fund for Public Schools 280 The Nets used a white version of the Basquiat City Edition uniform for the 2022 23 NBA season 281 Fashion edit In 2007 Basquiat was listed among GQ s 50 Most Stylish Men of the Past 50 Years 282 Basquiat often painted in expensive Armani suits and he did a photo shoot for Issey Miyake 283 284 Comme des Garcons was one of his favorite brands he was a model for the Spring 1986 fashion show in New York and the Homme Plus Spring Summer 1987 fashion show in Paris 99 285 286 To commemorate Basquiat s runway appearances Comme des Garcons featured his prints in the brand s Fall Winter 2018 collection 287 In 2015 Basquiat was featured on the cover of T The New York Times Style Magazine Men s Style issue 288 Valentino s Fall Winter 2006 collection paid homage to Basquiat 289 Sean John created a capsule collection for the 30th anniversary of Basquiat s death in 2018 290 Apparel and accessories companies that have featured Basquiat s work include Uniqlo 291 Urban Outfitters Supreme 292 Herschel Supply Co 293 Alice Olivia 294 Olympia Le Tan 295 DAEM 296 Coach New York 297 and Saint Laurent 298 Footwear companies such as Dr Martens 299 Reebok 278 and Vivobarefoot have also collaborated with Basquiat s estate 300 In 2021 luxury jewelry company Tiffany amp Co partnered with American singer Beyonce and rapper Jay Z to promote the company s About Love campaign The campaign incorporated Tiffany s recently acquired painting Equals Pi 1982 by Basquiat The painting heavily features a color close to the company s signature robin egg blue The campaign was met with criticism from the artist s friends and colleagues 301 302 In 2022 Basquiat s estate partnered with Black Fashion Fair for a limited run capsule collection which was on view at the exhibition Jean Michel Basquiat King Pleasure in New York City 303 Film television and theater edit Basquiat starred in Downtown 81 a verite movie written by Glenn O Brien and shot by Edo Bertoglio in 1980 81 but not released until 2000 304 Without Walls Shooting Star a British documentary by Geoff Dunlop on Basquiat s life aired on Channel 4 in 1990 305 In 1996 painter Julian Schnabel made his filmmaking debut with the biopic Basquiat It stars Jeffrey Wright as Basquiat and David Bowie as Andy Warhol 306 Jean Michel Basquiat The Radiant Child a documentary film directed by Tamra Davis premiered at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival and was shown on the PBS series Independent Lens in 2011 307 308 Sara Driver directed the documentary film Boom for Real The Late Teenage Years of Jean Michel Basquiat which premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival 309 In 2018 PBS aired the documentary Basquiat Rage to Riches as part of the American Masters series 310 In 2022 it was reported that actor Kelvin Harrison Jr will star as Basquiat in an upcoming biopic titled Samo Lives which will be written directed and produced by Julius Onah 311 It was also announced that actor Stephan James will star and co produce a limited series about Basquiat 312 In 2022 The Collaboration a play by Anthony McCarten about Basquiat and Warhol debuted at London s Young Vic Theatre with Jeremy Pope portraying Basquiat and Paul Bettany as Warhol 313 The play then moved to Broadway for a limited run from December 2022 through March 2023 again starring Bettany and Pope produced by the Manhattan Theatre Club 314 The pair have also reprised their roles in a film version 315 Literature edit nbsp KING by Johnny Blanco Mixed Media on Canvas 316 In 1991 poet Kevin Young published the book To Repel Ghosts a compendium of 117 poems relating to Basquiat s life individual paintings and social themes found in the artist s work He published a remix of the book in 2005 317 In 1993 a children s book was released titled Life Doesn t Frighten Me which combines a poem written by Maya Angelou with art made by Basquiat 318 In 1998 journalist Phoebe Hoban published the unauthorized biography Basquiat A Quick Killing in Art 2 In 2000 author Jennifer Clement wrote the memoir Widow Basquiat A Love Story based on the narratives told to her by Basquiat s former girlfriend Suzanne Mallouk 319 In 2005 poet M K Asante published the poem SAMO dedicated to Basquiat in his book Beautiful And Ugly Too The children s book Radiant Child The Story of Young Artist Jean Michel Basquiat written and illustrated by Javaka Steptoe was released in 2016 320 The picture book won the Caldecott Medal in 2017 321 In 2019 illustrator Paolo Parisi wrote the graphic novel Basquiat A Graphic Novel following Basquiat s journey from street art legend SAMO to international art scene darling up until his death 322 Music edit Shortly after Basquiat s death guitarist Vernon Reid of the funk metal band Living Colour wrote a song called Desperate People released on their album Vivid The song primarily addresses the drug scene of New York at that time Reid was inspired to write the song after receiving a phone call from Greg Tate informing him of Basquiat s death 323 In August 2014 Revelation 13 18 released the single Old School featuring Jean Michel Basquiat along with the self titled album Revelation 13 18 x Basquiat The release date of Old School coincided with the anniversary of Basquiat s death 324 In 2020 New York rock band the Strokes used Basquiat s painting Bird on Money 1981 as the cover art for their album The New Abnormal 325 See also editList of paintings by Jean Michel BasquiatReferences edit Dwyer Colin May 19 2017 At 110 5 Million Basquiat Painting Becomes Priciest Work Ever Sold By A U S Artist NPR Retrieved September 6 2023 a b c d e Bosworth Patricia August 9 1998 Hyped to Death The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved April 4 2021 subscription required Sowa Emily Hershkowitz Toby February 27 2019 Jean Michel Basquiat s sisters talk growing up with the Brooklyn born art icon ABC7 New York Retrieved April 4 2021 Braziel Jana Evans 2008 Artists Performers and Black Masculinity in the Haitian Diaspora Bloomington Indiana Indiana University Press p 174 ISBN 978 0 253 35139 5 Guerrero Naiomy June 16 2017 Basquiat s Record Sale Highlights the Invisibility of the Latinx Market Artsy Retrieved April 4 2021 Art Friendship and An Awakening Carnegie Magazine New York City Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh March 3 2021 Retrieved June 8 2021 Pogrebin Robin January 11 2018 Basquiat Skull Painting Is Coming to the Brooklyn Museum The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved April 4 2021 subscription required The Ultimate Guide To Jean Michel Basquiat Sleek December 15 2016 Retrieved April 4 2021 a b jegede dele 2009 Encyclopedia of African American Artists Santa Barbara California ABC CLIO pp 17 18 ISBN 978 0 313 08060 9 a b Gotthardt Alexxa December 1 2017 Basquiat Left School at 17 and Made New York Museums His Classroom Artsy Retrieved October 3 2020 Curtis Lisa J April 15 2005 Homecoming Brooklyn Paper Retrieved April 4 2021 Basquiat Jean Michel Berggruen Olivier 2008 Basquiat Fantasmi da scacciare Ediz bilingue in Italian Skira p 142 ISBN 978 88 6130 946 3 Saggese 2021 p 5 a b Emmerling Leonard 2003 Jean Michel Basquiat 1960 1988 Taschen p 11 ISBN 3 8228 1637 X a b c d e f g h i Hoban Phoebe September 26 1988 SAMO Is Dead The Fall of Jean Michel Basquiat New York Vol 21 no 38 pp 36 44 ISSN 0028 7369 Fretz 2010 p 7 Wilson Jamia February 1 2018 Young Gifted and Black Meet 52 Black Heroes from Past and Present Wide Eyed Editions p 16 ISBN 978 1 78603 158 7 Saggese 2021 p 330 One Basquiat Brooklyn Museum Retrieved April 4 2021 a b Hoban 1998 p 21 a b Sawyer Miranda September 3 2017 The Jean Michel Basquiat I knew The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved October 2 2020 Hoban 1998 p 22 Manatakis Lexi November 21 2017 Jean Michel Basquiat in his own words Dazed Retrieved November 20 2020 a b c d e f g h i McGuigan Cathleen February 10 1985 NEW ART NEW MONEY The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 31 2020 Hoban 1998 p 23 a b c Hoban 1998 p 25 Hoban 1998 p 25 26 a b c d Faflick Philip March 20 2019 Jean Michel Basquiat and the Birth of SAMO The Village Voice Retrieved December 26 2020 a b c d Sirmans Franklin 2005 In the Cipher Basquiat and Hip Hop Culture from the book Basquiat Mayer Marc ed Merrell Publishers in association with the Brooklyn Museum ISBN 1 85894 287 X pp 91 105 Goldstein Caroline June 1 2017 Basquiat the Teenage Years A Trove of Unpublished Photos and Prints Is Released artnet News Retrieved October 3 2020 a b c d e f Haden Guest Anthony November 1988 Burning Out Vanity Fair Retrieved November 16 2017 a b c 21 Facts About Jean Michel Basquiat Sotheby s June 21 2019 Lim Robert October 15 2015 From Unique to Uniqlo The Malling of Soho NYC Heddels Retrieved October 5 2020 Beyer Gregory September 30 2007 12 000 Postcards by Some Guy Named Basquiat The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 5 2020 a b Harris Kelly April 24 2018 The Enduring Style of an Underground 80s TV Show The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved October 5 2020 Fretz 2010 p 43 a b Jean Michel Basquiat s prolific artwork extended well past the canvas as noise rock band Gray AFROPUNK October 7 2016 Retrieved August 9 2020 a b Straaten Laura van February 13 2017 The Jean Michel Basquiat You Haven t Seen The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved October 3 2020 a b Basquiat Before Basquiat East 12th Street 1979 1980 Museum of Contemporary Art Denver Retrieved October 3 2020 a b Dowd Vincent September 25 2017 Jean Michel Basquiat The neglected genius BBC News Retrieved October 3 2020 a b Brumfitt Stuart September 19 2017 New York Inspiration Tales from Teen Basquiat s Best Friend Amuse Retrieved October 3 2020 de la Haba Gregory December 2012 In Conversation with Arlene Schloss Whitehot Magazine of Contemporary Art Retrieved October 3 2020 Mugrabi Colby May 21 2019 Exploring Jean Michel Basquiat s 1970 s Clothing Collection Man Made Garage Retrieved October 3 2020 Fretz 2010 p 40 Patricia Field s Village Shops Village Preservation www villagepreservation org October 25 2023 Retrieved March 13 2024 Man Made by Basquiat Minnie Muse Retrieved August 9 2020 Haden Guest Anthony 1998 True Colors The Real Life of the Art World Atlantic Monthly Press p 128 ISBN 978 0 87113 725 8 O Brien Glenn June 1980 Graffiti 80 The State of the Outlaw Art High Times 53 54 Andy Kellman Downtown 81 Original Soundtrack Retrieved January 16 2008 a b Brown Emma August 30 2012 Times Square The Underbelly of New York Culture Interview Magazine Retrieved November 20 2020 a b Tomkins Calvin November 5 2007 A Fool for Art The New Yorker Retrieved November 20 2020 Deitch Jeffrey September 1980 Report from Times Square Art in America 61 Kane Ashleigh January 26 2018 The New York curator who helped launch Basquiat s career Dazed Retrieved August 9 2020 a b Sotheby s Brings Basquiat Held in Italy for 35 Years to London Art Market Monitor June 8 2018 Retrieved September 20 2020 a b The Radiant Child Artforum December 1981 Retrieved January 1 2021 Jean Michel Basquiat Street As Studio Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Retrieved January 10 2021 a b c d Eshun Ekow September 22 2017 Bowie Bach and Bebop How Music Powered Basquiat The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved September 29 2020 Laneri Raquel July 7 2021 Blondie looks back on iconic music video Rapture on its 40th anniversary New York Post Retrieved February 9 2022 IT S CULTURE OR IT S NOT CULTURE An Interview with Annina Nosei Artsy March 4 2014 Retrieved April 4 2019 Maitland Hayley September 20 2017 American Graffiti Memories of Jean Michel Basquiat British Vogue Retrieved October 5 2020 a b Metcalf Stephen July August 2018 The Enigma of the Man Behind the 110 Million Painting The Atlantic Emmerling Leonhard 2003 Jean Michel Basquiat 1960 1988 Taschen p 31 ISBN 978 3 8228 1637 0 History Galerie Bruno Bischofberger Retrieved August 4 2020 documenta 7 Retrospective documenta www documenta de Retrieved August 3 2020 Hoban 1998 pp 134 135 a b The best worst and weirdest parts of Warhol and Basquiat s friendship Dazed May 28 2019 Retrieved August 3 2020 Warhol and Basquiat Phillips July 13 2020 Retrieved October 3 2020 Geldzahler Henry March 25 2011 From the Subways to Soho Interview Magazine Retrieved October 4 2020 Saggese 2021 p 341 Friedman Vanessa September 1 2021 The Mystery of That Basquiat Painting and Its Tiffany Blue The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 9 2021 Hoban 1998 p 172 a b c d Hoffman Fred March 13 2005 Basquiat s L A Los Angeles Times Amadour February 15 2023 15 Minutes with George Condo LAmag Culture Food Fashion News amp Los Angeles Retrieved December 31 2023 Jones Alice January 10 2013 Larry Gagosian reminisces about the days Madonna was his driver The Independent London Brant Peter M November 27 2012 Larry Gagosian Interview Magazine Retrieved September 25 2020 Jean Michel Basquiat Hollywood Africans 1983 whitney org Retrieved September 26 2020 McGreevy Nora How Jean Michel Basquiat and His Peers Made Graffiti Mainstream Smithsonian Magazine Retrieved April 10 2021 Nosnitsky Andrew November 14 2013 Basquiat s Beat Bop An Oral History of One of the Most Valuable Hip Hop Records of All Time Spin Retrieved April 4 2021 Nosnitsky Andrew November 14 2013 Basquiat s Beat Bop An Oral History of One of the Most Valuable Hip Hop Records of All Time Spin Retrieved September 26 2020 a b Saggese 2021 p 346 Jean Michel Basquiat Painter to the core Christie s September 23 2019 Retrieved August 3 2020 Paige Powell on documenting 80s New York www grandlife com Retrieved May 29 2022 Dazed January 30 2014 Jean Michel Basquiat Reclining Nude Dazed Retrieved July 2 2021 Saggese 2021 p 347 The Artist Who Travelled the World with Basquiat Elephant July 15 2019 Retrieved January 15 2021 Scheinfeld Jillian June 27 2019 The Intimate Marijuana Laced Portraiture of Lee Jaffe Interview Magazine Retrieved January 15 2021 Schjeldahl Peter July 8 2019 Basquiat s Memorial to a Young Artist Killed by Police The New Yorker Retrieved September 25 2020 America Haoyan of December 30 2020 North Store Michael Stewart Benefit Haring Basquiat Futura Warhol Xerox 1983 Gallery 98 Retrieved April 9 2021 Raynor Vivien May 11 1984 Art Paintings by Jean Michel Basquiat at Boone The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 18 2021 Vanderhoof Erin July 31 2019 Andy Warhol Jean Michel Basquiat and the Friendship That Defined the Art World in 1980s New York City Vanity Fair Retrieved January 13 2021 Gotthardt Alexxa June 6 2019 Jean Michel Basquiat on How to Be an Artist Artsy Retrieved April 30 2021 Dazed February 16 2017 The meaning and magic of Basquiat s clothes Dazed Retrieved October 31 2020 Cork Richard 2003 New Spirit New Sculpture New Money Art in the 1980s Yale University Press p 147 ISBN 0 300 09509 0 O Brien Glenn August 27 2006 Culture Club The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 18 2021 Kaplan Isaac October 14 2016 6 Iconic New York Artworks That Were Destroyed Artsy Retrieved June 18 2021 Art Breaks Jean Michel Basquiat MTV Retrieved July 2 2021 Saggese 2021 p 6 Warhol Andy Hackett Pat 1989 The Andy Warhol Diaries New York Warner Books p 699 ISBN 978 0 446 51426 2 Entry date Sunday December 8 1985 a b Bierut Michael 1986 IDCNY 19 News from the International Design Center Fashionable a b c Tarmy James May 16 2019 How Contemporary Art Became a Fiat Currency for the World s Richest Bloomberg Retrieved May 12 2021 a b c d e Wines Michael August 27 1988 Jean Michel Basquiat Hazards Of Sudden Success and Fame The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 5 2017 a b c Saggese 2021 p 355 Hoban 1998 p 276 Limelight Basquiat Afrika Bambaataa Dondi Art Against Apartheid Benefit Poster February 1986 Gallery 98 April 17 2018 Retrieved April 9 2021 Basquiat Lisane Heriveaux Jeanine Fitzpatrick Nora 2022 Jean Michel Basquiat King Pleasure New York NY Rizzoli p 80 ISBN 978 0 8478 7187 2 OCLC 1265004114 Pace Lilly Kelly Alyssa August 2 2019 Comme des Garcons Muses Throughout History CR Fashion Book Retrieved August 4 2020 Jacobs Sean When Basquiat went to Africa Africa Is a Country Retrieved August 2 2020 Jennifer Goode and Area s Heydey Interview Magazine February 13 2017 Retrieved August 2 2020 Hoban 1998 p 278 Jean Michel Basquiat Artists Leila Heller Gallery www leilahellergallery com Retrieved January 4 2021 Fretz 2010 p 152 Saggese 2021 p 357 Mugrabi Colby October 30 2018 Luna Luna Minnie Muse Retrieved May 3 2021 a b c Emmerling Leonhard 2003 Jean Michel Basquiat 1960 1988 Taschen p 76 ISBN 978 3 8228 1637 0 O Leary Hannah March 22 2018 Ouattara Watts From Cote d Ivoire to Basquiat s New York Sotheby s Hoban 1998 p 304 a b O Brien Glenn Glenn O Brien on the death of Jean Michel Basquiat and Andy Warhol Purple in French Retrieved May 3 2021 Michals Susan November 17 2010 Rare Polaroids and Snapshots of Jean Michel Basquiat Vanity Fair Retrieved October 5 2020 a b c Basquiat Jean Michel June 4 2019 Basquiat isms Princeton University Press pp 112 113 ISBN 978 0 691 19283 3 a b Basquiat Memorial The New York Times November 3 1988 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 20 2020 Sischy Ingrid May 2014 For The Love of Basquiat Vanity Fair Retrieved December 29 2016 Hoban Phoebe 1988 One Overdosing on Art Basquiat A Quick Killing in Art Viking ISBN 0 670 85477 8 Retrieved June 18 2023 via The New York Times Muir Robin May 7 1999 Keith Haring The Independent Retrieved December 29 2016 Haring Keith September 29 2020 Haring isms Princeton University Press p 103 ISBN 978 0 691 20985 2 Lindy Percival November 22 2019 Keith Haring and Jean Michel Basquiat art stars who shone too briefly The Sydney Morning Herald a b Lost in Translation Jean Michel in the Re Mix by Kellie Jones from the book Basquiat edited by Marc Mayer 2005 Merrell Publishers in association with the Brooklyn Museum ISBN 978 1 85894 287 2 pp 163 179 Connolly Serena January 2018 Jean Michel Basquiat and Antiquity Article Navigation Jean Michel Basquiat and Antiquity Get Access Arrow Serena Connolly Classical Receptions Journal 10 1 1 20 doi 10 1093 crj clx012 a b c Hoffman Fred December 22 2013 Notes on Five Key Jean Michel Basquiat Works American Suburb X Retrieved June 18 2023 Berger John 2011 Seeing Through Lies Jean Michael Basquiat Harper s Vol 322 no 1 931 Harper s Foundation pp 45 50 Retrieved July 18 2011 Saggese 2021 p 171 Basquiat and Books Barbican December 8 2017 Retrieved October 5 2020 Dr Robert Farris Thompson Remembers the Spirit of Basquiat Sotheby s June 15 2020 Scott Chadd Judge Jean Michel Basquiat Andy Warhol Collaborations For Yourself At Jack Shainman Gallery s The School Forbes Retrieved October 5 2020 Gregory Alice August 2015 New Art Harper s Magazine Retrieved January 13 2021 Cumming Laura September 24 2017 Basquiat Boom for Real review restless energy the Guardian Retrieved April 19 2018 Jean Michel Basquiat facts information pictures Encyclopedia com articles about Jean Michel Basquiat www encyclopedia com Retrieved April 19 2018 Steel Rebecca The Art of Jean Michel Basquiat Legacy of a Cultural Icon Culture Trip Retrieved April 19 2018 Haden Guest Anthony April 2 2014 Jean Michel Basquiat Vanity Fair Retrieved April 20 2018 Holzwarth Hans W 2009 100 Contemporary Artists A Z Taschen s 25th anniversary special ed Koln Taschen pp 54 61 ISBN 978 3 8365 1490 3 Jean Michel Basquiat Rene Ricard Sotheby s Glenn O Brien on the notebooks and drawings of Jean Michel Basquiat www artforum com April 2015 Retrieved April 19 2018 Magazine Wallpaper April 7 2015 Inner workings the notebooks of Jean Michel Basquiat are unveiled at the Brooklyn Museum Wallpaper Retrieved April 19 2018 a b Jean Michel Basquiat s Dad Leaves Behind Son s Art and Tax Problem DNAinfo New York Archived from the original on April 20 2018 Retrieved April 19 2018 Jean Michel Basquiat Heroes and Saints Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Retrieved February 1 2021 Jean Michel Basquiat Now s the Time on view at the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Artdaily Retrieved February 1 2021 Saggese Jordana Moore June 30 2015 Basquiat Horn Players Khan Academy Retrieved June 18 2023 Berggruen Olivier 2011 Some Notes on Jean Michel Basquiat s Silk Screen Prints The Writing of Art Pushkin Press p 127 ISBN 978 1 906548 62 9 a b Lee Shannon July 9 2020 Why Basquiat s Heads Are His Most Sought After Works Artsy Retrieved October 5 2020 Is this Basquiat worth 110m Yes his art of American violence is priceless the Guardian May 19 2017 Retrieved March 26 2019 Hoffman Fred The Art of Jean Michel Basquiat Gallerie Enrico Navarra 2017 Ben Meir Sam August 21 2019 Basquiat s Story We Need to Hear The Wire Retrieved January 12 2021 Saggese Jordana Moore May 30 2014 Reading Basquiat Exploring Ambivalence in American Art Univ of California Press p 56 ISBN 978 0 520 27624 6 Iconic Artworks Basquiat s Undiscovered Genius of the Mississippi Delta Artland Magazine July 1 2020 Retrieved September 30 2020 Frohne Andrea 1999 Representing Jean Michel Basquiat In Okpewho Isidore Carole Boyce Davies Ali Al Amin Mazrui eds The African Diaspora African Origins and New World Identities 1st ed Bloomington Indiana Indiana University Press pp 439 451 ISBN 978 0 253 33425 1 Jean Michel Basquiat Biography Art and Analysis of Works The Art Story Retrieved December 5 2017 Laing Olivia September 8 2017 Race power money the art of Jean Michel Basquiat the Guardian Retrieved June 18 2023 Niru Ratnam November 16 2013 Do you think this painting is worth 48 4 million The Spectator Mejia Clavijo Luis Alberto July 10 2012 Voodoo Child Ernok of Jean Michel Basquiat Contemporary Art Theory Retrieved June 18 2023 Saggese 2014 p 61 Basquiat edited by Marc Mayer 2005 Merrell Publishers in association with the Brooklyn Museum ISBN 978 1 85894 287 2 p 50 Graham Thompson American Culture in the 1980s Edinburgh University Press 2007 p 68 D Arcy David BASQUIAT CASE Vanity Fair November 1992 Vanity Fair The Complete Archive Retrieved May 19 2022 He had everything but talent The Daily Telegraph March 22 1997 ISSN 0307 1235 Archived from the original on May 4 2014 Retrieved December 5 2017 Jean Michel Basquiat MoMA The Museum of Modern Art Retrieved January 8 2023 a b Gotthardt Alexxa April 1 2018 What Makes 1982 Basquiat s Most Valuable Year Artsy Retrieved October 5 2020 Jean Michel Basquiat MATRIX 80 BAMPFA bampfa org December 22 2014 Retrieved January 4 2021 Basquiat biography Galerie Bruno Bischofberger Mysite Retrieved August 18 2021 Glueck Grace July 22 1991 The Basquiat Touch Survives the Artist In Shows and Courts The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved May 19 2022 Lipson Karin January 23 1993 Basquiat Retrospective Well Earned or Hype Art Four years after his death a Whitney show raises questions Is this a look at a productive career Or a new spin on a dubious phenomenon Los Angeles Times Smith Roberta October 23 1992 Review Art Basquiat Man For His Decade The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved May 19 2022 D Arcy David October 31 1992 Whitney compares Basquiat to Leonardo da Vinci in new retrospective The Art Newspaper Retrieved August 2 2020 subscription required First American Basquiat retrospective to be held at the Whitney The Art Newspaper International art news and events September 30 1992 Retrieved May 19 2022 Marshall Richard Jean Michel Basquiat Abrams Whitney Museum of American Art 1992 out of print Bevan Roger March 1 1996 The Serpentine asks how good was Jean Michel Basquiat really The Art Newspaper International art news and events Retrieved February 1 2022 Madonna Sponsors Show The Guardian February 17 1996 p 5 Requiescat in Spago New York Magazine 15 April 8 1996 Basquiat Brooklyn Museum Retrieved December 5 2020 Mayer Marc Hoffman Fred et al Basquiat Merrell Publishers Brooklyn Museum 2005 Basquiat An anthology for Puerto Rico www e flux com Retrieved September 20 2020 Basquiat at PAMM Perez Art Museum Miami Artmap com artmap com Retrieved October 11 2023 Buchhart Dieter Basquiat Jean Michel Gates Henry Louis Bloom Tricia Laughlin Brooklyn Museum eds 2015 Basquiat the unknown notebooks on the occasion of the Exhibition Basquiat The Unknown Notebooks held at the Brooklyn Museum April 3 August 23 2015 New York Skira Rizzoli u a ISBN 978 0 8478 4582 8 Street and Studio Kunsthalle Wien Retrieved March 26 2019 MacCash Doug November 11 2014 Basquiat and the Bayou the No 1 Prospect 3 art festival stop in New Orleans NOLA com Retrieved October 9 2018 Basquiat The Unknown Notebooks Brooklyn Museum Retrieved December 29 2016 Basquiat Boom for Real exhibition 21 Sep 2017 28 Jan 2018 Barbican www barbican org uk September 21 2017 Retrieved September 26 2020 Cascone Sarah April 8 2019 The Basquiat Show at the Brant Foundation Is Such a Big Hit That Organizers Are Releasing More Free Tickets artnet News Retrieved September 30 2020 Interview by Jeffrey Brown on Basquiat Brant Foundation exhibit May 6 2019 PBS NewsHour May 6 2019 Retrieved June 26 2019 Basquiat s Defacement The Untold Story Guggenheim October 15 2018 Retrieved January 4 2019 Keith Haring Jean Michel Basquiat NGV National Gallery of Victoria Retrieved September 20 2020 Park Yuna July 20 2020 Lotte Museum of Art to host first major exhibition of Jean Michel Basquiat in Seoul The Korea Herald Retrieved September 24 2020 Writing the Future Museum of Fine Arts Boston Retrieved September 20 2020 Jean Michel Basquiat King Pleasure c King Pleasaure Retrieved March 18 2022 Weaver Shaye February 28 2022 EXCLUSIVE Tickets to the immersive Basquiat exhibition are on sale right now Time Out New York Retrieved March 18 2022 Jean Michel Basquiat King Pleasure c Gagosian April 13 2023 Retrieved January 11 2024 Batycka Dorian September 25 2022 In Pictures See Inside the Albertina s Legacy Defining Basquiat Retrospective Artnet News Retrieved September 26 2022 Gural Natasha January 24 2023 Seeing Loud Basquiat And Music Amplifies The Neo Expressionist Master s Undeniable Bond With Sound And Vision Forbes Retrieved January 11 2024 Basquiat Soundtracks at the Philharmonie de Paris Painting with the sound turned up Le Monde fr April 19 2023 Retrieved January 11 2024 Warhol x Basquiat Brant Foundation Review Andipa Editions Retrieved December 21 2023 Glueck Grace June 12 1983 When Money Talks What Does It Say About Art The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 1 2022 Saggese 2021 p 115 Jean Michel Basquiat 555 West 24th Street New York February 7 April 6 2013 Gagosian April 12 2018 Retrieved January 8 2023 Georgina Adam and Gareth Harris June 17 2010 Basquiat comes of age The Art Newspaper Archived August 22 2010 at the Wayback Machine Vogel Carol November 13 1998 Graffiti Artist Makes Good A Basquiat Sells for a Record 3 3 Million The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 8 2021 Horsley Carter Art Auctions Post War amp Contemporary Art evening auction May 14 2002 at Christie s Retrieved January 17 2008 Gleiberman Owen Metallica Some Kind of Monster EW com Retrieved April 30 2021 Artdaily Basquiat Forger Arrested By FBI artdaily cc Retrieved January 8 2021 Lehmann John February 27 2003 Fraud Artist Finds Prison Less Filling New York Post Retrieved January 8 2021 Spies Michael February 13 2007 Trigger Happy The Village Voice Retrieved January 8 2021 Nelson Joe Heaps July 2013 In Conversation with Alfredo Martinez Whitehot Magazine of Contemporary Art Retrieved January 8 2021 a b Cohen Patricia May 13 2013 Valuable as Art but Priceless as a Tool to Launder Money The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved January 18 2021 Kinsella Eileen June 19 2015 Bad Banker s 8 Million Basquiat Smuggled With Shipping Invoice for 100 Returns Home artnet News Retrieved January 18 2021 Freeman Nate October 7 2016 Sotheby s Contemporary Sale Nets 59 6 M Beating High Estimate With 13 1 M Basquiat Leading the Way ARTnews Retrieved January 18 2021 Huge bids smash modern art record BBC May 16 2007 Retrieved May 16 2007 Vogel Carol May 11 2012 Basquiat Painting Brings 16 3 Million at Phillips Sale The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved January 8 2021 Melikian Souren June 29 2012 Wary Buyers Still Pour Money Into Contemporary Art The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 8 2023 Harris Gareth August 31 2012 Basquiat leaps into different league A market analysis The Art Newspaper Retrieved January 8 2021 subscription required Records set for Jean Michel Basquiat Jeff Koons CBC News November 15 2012 Retrieved January 8 2021 Basquiat s Most Expensive Works at Auction Artnet com May 16 2016 Retrieved December 29 2016 Pogrebin Robin May 15 2016 A Collector s Eye View of the Auctions The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 8 2023 Porterfield Carlie May 18 2022 Billionaire Yusaku Maezawa Sells Basquiat Painting For 85 Million As Market For Artist s Work Heats Up Forbes Retrieved May 19 2022 Pogrebin Robin Reyburn Scott eds May 18 2017 A Basquiat Sells for Mind Blowing 110 5 Million at Auction The New York Times Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved June 13 2017 D Zurilla Christie ed May 18 2017 Basquiat painting sells for 110 5 million the most ever paid for an American artwork Los Angeles Times Retrieved June 13 2017 Pogrebin Robin May 10 2022 Warhol s Marilyn at 195 Million Shatters Auction Record for an American Artist The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved May 10 2022 Armstrong Annie May 18 2018 45 3 M Basquiat Is Top Lot in Robust 131 6 M Phillips Sale of 20th Century and Contemporary Art ARTnews Retrieved January 10 2021 Villa Angelica July 3 2020 Mitchell Basquiat Top 41 M Phillips Contemporary Evening Sale Thirst for Young Artists Brings New Records ARTnews Retrieved January 23 2021 Art Industry News Loic Gouzer s Fair Warning Sold a Basquiat for 10 8 Million a Record for an In App Purchase of Anything Other Stories artnet News July 31 2020 Retrieved August 3 2020 Johnson Steve July 25 2020 Now hanging at the Art Institute Chicago billionaire Ken Griffin s new 100 million Basquiat canvas Chicago Tribune Retrieved September 30 2020 Kazakina Katya June 4 2020 Ken Griffin Buys Basquiat Painting for More Than 100 Million Bloomberg Retrieved September 30 2020 Rea Naomi March 23 2021 A Basquiat Painting of a Warrior Just Fetched 41 8 Million at Christie s Hong Kong Setting a Record for Western Art in Asia Artnet News Retrieved March 24 2021 Basquiat s Warrior becomes most expensive Western artwork ever sold in Asia at HK 323 600 000 41 857 351 Christie s Retrieved March 24 2021 Kazakina Katya May 11 2021 A Prized Basquiat Skull Painting Fetched 93 1 Million at Christie s the Second Highest Price Ever Paid for a Work by the Artist at Auction Artnet News Retrieved May 12 2021 Raybaud Sebastien December 2 2021 Basquiat s painting garners US 20 million at Christie s Evening Sale The Value Retrieved December 7 2021 Basquiat Rothko and Modigliani lead Christie s 20th and 21st Century Evening Sales Christie s November 17 2022 Schultz Abby Jean Michel Basquiat Triptych Achieves 67 Million at Christie s www barrons com Retrieved May 18 2023 Rabb Maxwell November 16 2023 Julie Mehretu breaks auction record at Sotheby s evening sales Artsy Retrieved January 12 2024 a b Basquiat drawings found in French village a scam experts say France 24 October 8 2020 Retrieved November 6 2023 Carlson Jen Christie s and the Bogus Basquiat gothamist com Grant Daniel October 2 2007 Gallerist Accuses Christie s of Selling Him a Fake Basquiat ARTnews com Retrieved November 6 2023 Christie s hits back over disputed Basquiat The Art Newspaper International art news and events March 1 2008 Retrieved November 6 2023 Suit Proceeds Against Christie s Auction House Over Fake Basquiat Law com Retrieved November 6 2023 International Foundation for Art Research IFAR Case Summary Tony Shafrazi Gallery Inc v Christie s Inc www ifar org Retrieved November 6 2023 Flanagin Jake March 11 2020 US man pleads guilty to duping art buyers with fake Basquiats and Warhols The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved November 6 2023 Une galerie est soupconnee d exposer 35 faux dessins de Basquiat Arts in the City in French September 30 2020 Retrieved November 6 2023 Sokol Brett February 16 2022 In Orlando 25 Mysterious Basquiats Come Under the Magnifying Glass The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved March 18 2022 Galbraith Alex February 18 2022 Orlando Museum of Art fires back at claims they are showing fake Basquiat paintings Orlando Weekly Retrieved March 18 2022 Dafoe Taylor February 17 2022 A Florida Museum Is Showing What It Claims Is a Trove of Previously Unknown Basquiats But Experts Remain Unconvinced Artnet News Retrieved March 18 2022 Fischer David June 24 2022 FBI seizes disputed Basquiat artwork from Florida museum AP NEWS Retrieved June 29 2022 Sokol Brett Stevens Matt June 24 2022 F B I Raids Orlando Museum and Removes Basquiat Paintings The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved June 29 2022 Stevens Matt August 18 2023 Auctioneer Who Helped Create Fake Basquiats Gets Probation The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 6 2023 Luscombe Richard April 13 2023 Man admits to Basquiat forgery scheme which saw fakes displayed in museum The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved November 6 2023 FBI Investigates Whether These 25 Works by Jean Micheal Basquiat Are Fake Architectural Digest June 1 2022 Retrieved November 6 2023 Solomon Tessa May 31 2023 Disgraced Florida Dealer Gets Prison Time for Peddling Fake Basquiats Warhols ARTnews com Retrieved November 6 2023 a b Grant Daniel September 29 1996 The tricky art of authentication Truth Sometimes only the artist or his or her family knows for sure whether a work is the real thing Baltimore Sun Archived from the original on April 13 2019 Retrieved January 8 2023 Ghorbani Liza September 16 2011 The Devil on the Door New York Magazine Retrieved June 18 2023 a b Kinsella Eileen January 24 2012 Basquiat Committee to Cease Authenticating Works ARTnews com Retrieved December 25 2020 Taylor Kate May 1 2008 Lawsuits Challenge Basquiat Boetti Authentication Committees The New York Sun Archived from the original on August 21 2008 Georgina Adam and Riah Pryor December 11 2008 The law vs scholarship The Art Newspaper Archived May 15 2013 at the Wayback Machine Madonna March 5 1996 Me Jean Michel love and money The Guardian p 9 Retrieved January 11 2024 Hoban 1998 p 55 Hoban 1998 pp 50 52 Hoban 1998 p 104 Clement Jennifer December 15 2014 What It Was Like to Be Basquiat s Lover Vulture Retrieved December 5 2021 Hoban 1998 p 95 Lambert Bruce September 4 1994 NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT MIDTOWN Gay Bar Shut in Loop The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 11 2024 Warhol Andy Hackett Pat 1989 The Andy Warhol Diaries New York Warner Books p 594 ISBN 978 0 446 51426 2 Entry date Thursday August 7 1984 The Basquiat Sisters on Managing One of Art s Hottest Brands The Journal WSJ Podcasts WSJ Retrieved April 19 2022 McShane Julianne June 24 2021 How Basquiat and Street Artists Left Their Mark on Hip Hop Culture New York Times Retrieved March 16 2024 Helander Bruce May 26 2021 A Blossoming Bouquet of Flowers WBP Magazine Retrieved March 16 2024 The Influence of Jean Michel Basquiat in Popular Culture Andipa Editions September 14 2023 Retrieved March 16 2024 Sischy Ingrid November 2015 For the Love of Basquiat Vanity Fair The Complete Archive Retrieved April 5 2021 Meier Allison July 14 2016 Basquiat s Former Home and Studio Gets a Permanent Plaque Hyperallergic Retrieved April 4 2021 McGoldrick Meaghan June 22 2017 Fabolous Jean Michel Basquiat awarded keys to Brooklyn during arts weekend The Brooklyn Home Reporter Retrieved April 21 2022 Banksy artworks appear on Barbican walls ahead of Basquiat exhibition Dezeen September 20 2017 Retrieved February 23 2021 Banksy Collaborates with Jean Michel Basquiat fineartmultiple com Retrieved February 23 2021 The Avery Review Banksy Does Basquiat averyreview com Retrieved February 23 2021 Sulcas Roslyn September 18 2017 Banksy Strikes Again With Nod to Basquiat The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved April 19 2022 Thiessen Tamara December 7 2019 American Street Art Pioneer Jean Michel Basquiat Immortalized In Paris Forbes Retrieved December 30 2020 a b Stewert Nan October 29 2020 Anyone for Basquiatball The Brooklyn Nets Will Adopt Jerseys Inspired by Jean Michel Basquiat for Its Upcoming Season artnet News Retrieved October 30 2020 Lewis Brian October 29 2020 Nets honor Basquiat a Kevin Durant favorite with new alternate threads New York Post Retrieved October 30 2020 Basquiat inspired art show hosted by Barclays Center Brooklyn Eagle July 26 2021 Retrieved July 28 2021 Brooklyn Nets 22 23 City Edition Uniform Brooklyn Graffiti NBA com Retrieved December 15 2022 gq com September 13 2007 The 50 Most Stylish Men of the Past 50 Years GQ Retrieved December 25 2020 Marain Alexandre December 10 2018 Never before seen photos of Basquiat from the 1980s are on display in Paris Vogue Paris Retrieved January 15 2021 Manatakis Lexi November 27 2018 Unseen photos of Jean Michel Basquiat wearing Issey Miyake in the 80s Dazed Retrieved January 15 2021 Bobb Brooke November 2 2018 If You ve Got 20 000 to Spare You Can Own Jean Michel Basquiat s Favorite Comme des Garcons Coat Vogue Retrieved August 4 2020 Balster Trisha February 22 2018 Know your Icons Tracing the Basquiat Fashion Influence INDIE Magazine Retrieved October 30 2020 Tesema Feleg October 2 2018 These CdG SHIRT x Basquiat Pieces Are an Art Lover s Dream Highsnobiety Retrieved October 31 2020 T Magazine Men s Fashion Issue Spring 2015 The New York Times archive nytimes com Retrieved April 5 2021 Phelps Nicole March 5 2006 Valentino Fall 2006 Ready to Wear Collection Vogue Retrieved December 23 2020 This Sean John Capsule Collection Celebrates Basquiat on the 30th Anniversary of His Death Remezcla February 23 2018 Retrieved October 31 2020 Pauly Alexandra September 1 2020 UNIQLO UT to Launch Jean Michel Basquiat x Warner Bros Collection HYPEBAE Retrieved October 30 2020 Li Maverick December 22 2020 Is Jean Michael Basquiat the Original Father of Streetwear CR Fashion Book Retrieved December 23 2020 Tesema Feleg June 21 2019 These New Herschel Supply Bags Are Perfect for Basquiat Lovers Highsnobiety Retrieved October 31 2020 Cheng Andrea November 4 2016 Alice Olivia Launches a Jean Michel Basquiat Fashion Collection InStyle Retrieved October 30 2020 Mira Nicola October 15 2018 Olympia Le Tan launches Jean Michel Basquiat inspired handbag line Fashion Network Retrieved October 31 2020 Carmichael Maiya December 10 2020 The DAEM x Basquiat Collaboration Tells More Than Time Essence Retrieved December 23 2020 Coach meets Jean Michel Basquiat in this year s coolest collaboration Vogue Australia October 11 2020 Retrieved October 30 2020 Nair Shatricia July 28 2021 Saint Laurent Rive Droite honours Basquiat with capsule collection Lifestyle Asia Singapore Retrieved July 28 2021 Solomon Tessa July 10 2020 Dr Martens Unveils New Collaboration with Jean Michel Basquiat Estate ARTnews com Retrieved October 30 2020 Solomon Tessa October 8 2020 Vivobarefoot to Sell Shoes Hand Painted with Basquiat s Most Iconic Designs ARTnews com Retrieved October 30 2020 Baker Sinead Basquiat s friends and collaborators say they are horrified by Beyonce and Jay Z s Tiffany campaign with his art Insider Retrieved December 25 2023 Friedman Vanessa September 1 2021 The Mystery of That Basquiat Painting and Its Tiffany Blue The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2023 Benzine Vittoria December 14 2022 A Basquiat You Can Wear The Late Artist s Sisters Have Tapped 9 New York City Designers to Reimagine His Art as High Fashion Artnet News Retrieved December 15 2022 Cassell Dessane Lopez November 6 2019 The Bittersweet Nostalgia of Watching Basquiat in Downtown 81 Hyperallergic Retrieved October 30 2020 Hurst Andrew November 28 1990 The writing on the wall Huddersfield Daily Examiner p 8 Retrieved January 11 2024 Weinreich Regina August 11 1996 Schnabel Becomes a Director To Film the Life of Basquiat The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 8 2021 Sundance 10 Tamra Davis Revisits the Life of Jean Michel Basquiat IndieWire January 21 2010 Retrieved February 9 2022 Davis Tamra Jean Michel Basquiat The Radiant Child One of the Film Topics sub sections on the Independent Lens website and the documentary of the same name they describe Independent Lens PBS Retrieved March 30 2011 Tamra Davis explains why she locked her footage of her friend Basquiat in a drawer for two decades and what it took to be sure a film about him took the full measure of the man N Duka Amanda September 8 2017 Boom For Real Clip Sara Driver s Documentary On Famed Artist Jean Michel Basquiat Toronto Deadline Hollywood Retrieved January 17 2020 R Cindy August 2 2018 Basquiat Rage to Riches About the Film American Masters PBS American Masters Public Broadcasting Service Retrieved January 8 2023 Jackson Angelique January 5 2022 Kelvin Harrison Jr to Star in Jean Michel Basquiat Biopic Samo Lives EXCLUSIVE Variety Retrieved January 8 2022 White Peter February 24 2022 Stephan James Set To Star As Jean Michel Basquiat In Limited Series In The Works With Boat Rocker Studios Deadline Retrieved February 25 2022 Curtis Nick February 24 2022 The Collaboration review Basquiat and Warhol play brings fireworks Evening Standard Retrieved February 25 2022 Collins Hughes Laura December 21 2022 The Collaboration Review A Basquiat Warhol Bromance in Bloom The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 22 2023 Lee Lenker Maureen December 20 2022 Paul Bettany and Jeremy Pope go deep on playing Warhol and Basquiat EW com Retrieved January 11 2024 Inspiration Basquiat Johnny Blanco Art May 1 2023 Retrieved July 12 2023 Kevin Young To Repel Ghosts 1st edition Zoland Books 2001 Maya Angelou and Basquiat made a book to help make life less frightening Dazed January 10 2018 Retrieved August 5 2020 Walker Rebecca February 9 2014 From Muse To Outcast A Woman Comes Of Age In Widow Basquiat NPR org Retrieved April 30 2021 Radiant Child The Story of Young Artist Jean Michel Basquiat Publishers Weekly October 25 2016 LSCHULTE December 21 2017 2017 Caldecott Medal and Honor Books Association for Library Service to Children ALSC Retrieved March 26 2019 Basquiat Laurence King Publishing US Retrieved January 8 2023 GuitarManiaEU March 30 2013 Living Colour Interview with Vernon Reid Archived from the original on December 11 2021 Retrieved December 29 2016 via YouTube Jean Michel Basquiat Album Discography AllMusic Retrieved January 8 2020 Horton Ross April 12 2020 The Strokes The New Abnormal musicOMH Retrieved April 4 2021 Further reading editAlmiron J Faith 2019 No One Owns Basquiat Not Even Peter Brant Hyperallergic Basquiat Jean Michel Buchhart Dieter Keller Sam O Brien Glenn 2010 Jean Michel Basquiat Hatje Cantz ISBN 978 3 7757 2593 4 Basquiat Jean Michel O Brien Glenn Cortez Diego 2007 Jean Michel Basquiat 1981 the Studio of the Street Charta ISBN 978 88 8158 625 7 Basquiat Jean Michel Hoffman Fred Mayer Marc 2005 Basquiat Merrell Publishers ISBN 1 85894 287 X Buchhart Dieter Nairne Eleanor 2017 Basquiat Boom for Real London Prestel Publishing ISBN 978 3 7913 5636 5 Clement Jennifer 2014 Widow Basquiat A Love Story Broadway Books ISBN 978 0 553 41991 7 Fretz Eric 2010 Jean Michel Basquiat A Biography Greenwood ISBN 978 0 313 38056 3 Hoban Pheobe 1998 Basquiat A Quick Killing in Art New York Viking ISBN 978 0 670 85477 6 Hoffman Fred 2014 Jean Michel Basquiat Drawing Work from the Schorr Family Collection Acquavella ISBN 978 0 8478 4447 0 Marenzi Luca 1999 Jean Michel Basquiat Charta ISBN 978 88 8158 239 6 Saggese Jordana Moore 2014 Reading Basquiat Exploring Ambivalence in American University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 27624 6 Saggese Jordana Moore 2021 The Jean Michel Basquiat Reader Writings Interviews and Critical Responses University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 30516 8 Ettwig Alicia November 16 2023 Basquiats Selbstportrat bei Sotheby s in New York WELTKUNST das Kunstmagazin der ZEIT in German Retrieved November 16 2023 External links editLibrary resources about Jean Michel Basquiat Resources in your library Resources in other libraries By Jean Michel Basquiat Resources in your library Resources in other libraries nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean Michel Basquiat nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Jean Michel Basquiat Official website Jean Michel Basquiat BBC World Service program on Basquiat Jean Michel Basquiat at IMDb Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jean Michel Basquiat amp oldid 1216644539, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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