fbpx
Wikipedia

Harvard Law School

January 07, 2023

Harvard Law School (Harvard Law or HLS) is the law school of Harvard University, a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States.[6][7]

Harvard Law School
MottoVeritas (Truth)[1]
Lex et Iustitia (Law and justice)
Parent schoolHarvard University
Established1817; 206 years ago (1817)
School typePrivate law school
DeanJohn F. Manning
LocationCambridge, Massachusetts, United States
Enrollment1,990[2]
Faculty135[3]
USNWR ranking4th (2023)[4]
Bar pass rate99% (2019)[5]
Websitehls.harvard.edu

Each class in the three-year JD program has approximately 560 students, among the largest of the top 150 ranked law schools in the United States.[8] The first-year class is broken into seven sections of approximately 80 students, who take most first-year classes together. Aside from the JD program, Harvard also awards both LLM and SJD degrees. Harvard's uniquely large class size and prestige have led the law school to graduate a great many distinguished alumni in the judiciary, government, and the business world.

According to Harvard Law's 2020 ABA-required disclosures, 99% of 2019 graduates passed the bar exam.[9][5][10] The school's graduates accounted for more than one-quarter of all Supreme Court clerks between 2000 and 2010, more than any other law school in the United States.[11]

Harvard Law School's founding is traditionally linked to the funding of Harvard's first professorship in law, paid for from a bequest from the estate of Isaac Royall Jr., a colonial American landowner and slaveowner. HLS is home to the world's largest academic law library.[12][13] The school has an estimated 135 full-time faculty members.[3]

History

Bequest by Isaac Royall, founding, and relationship with slavery

Harvard Law School's founding is traced to the establishment of a 'law department' at Harvard in 1817.[14] Dating the founding to the year of the creation of the law department makes Harvard Law School the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States. William & Mary Law School opened first in 1779, but it closed due to the American Civil War, reopening in 1920.[15] The University of Maryland School of Law was chartered in 1816 but did not begin classes until 1824, and it also closed during the Civil War.[16]

 
Portrait of Isaac Royall Jr., painted in 1769 by J.S. Copley

The founding of the law department came two years after the establishment of Harvard's first endowed professorship in law, funded by a bequest from the estate of wealthy slave-owner Isaac Royall Jr., in 1817.[14] Royall left roughly 1,000 acres of land in Massachusetts to Harvard when he died in exile in Nova Scotia, where he fled to as a Loyalist during the American Revolution, in 1781, "to be appropriated towards the endowing a Professor of Laws ... or a Professor of Physick and Anatomy, whichever the said overseers and Corporation [of the college] shall judge to be best."[14] The value of the land, when fully liquidated in 1809, was $2,938; the Harvard Corporation allocated $400 from the income generated by those funds to create the Royall Professorship of Law in 1815.[14] The Royalls were so involved in the slave trade, that "the labor of slaves underwrote the teaching of law in Cambridge."[17] The dean of the law school traditionally held the Royall chair; deans Elena Kagan and Martha Minow declined the Royall chair due to its origins in the proceeds of slavery.

The Royall family's coat of arms, which shows three stacked wheat sheaves on a blue background, was adopted as part of the law school's arms in 1936, topped with the university's motto (Veritas, Latin for 'truth').[18] Until the school began investigating its connections with slavery in the 2010s, most alumni and faculty at the time were unaware of the origins of the arms.[19] In March 2016, following requests by students, the school decided to remove the emblem because of its association with slavery.[20] In November 2019, Harvard announced that a working group had been tasked to develop a new emblem.[21] In August 2021, the new Harvard Law School emblem was introduced.[22]

Royall's Medford estate, the Isaac Royall House, is now a museum which features the only remaining slave quarters in the northeast United States. In 2019, the government of Antigua and Barbuda requested reparations from Harvard Law School on the ground that it benefitted from Royall's enslavement of people in the country.[23]

Growth and the Langdell curriculum

By 1827, the school, with one faculty member, was struggling. Nathan Dane, a prominent alumnus of the college, then endowed the Dane Professorship of Law, insisting that it be given to then Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story. For a while, the school was called "Dane Law School."[24] In 1829, John H. Ashmun, son of Eli Porter Ashmun and brother of George Ashmun, accepted a professorship and closed his Northampton Law School, with many of his students following him to Harvard.[25] Story's belief in the need for an elite law school based on merit and dedicated to public service helped build the school's reputation at the time, although the contours of these beliefs have not been consistent throughout its history. Enrollment remained low through the 19th century as university legal education was considered to be of little added benefit to apprenticeships in legal practice. After first trying lowered admissions standards, in 1848 HLS eliminated admissions requirements entirely.[26] In 1869, HLS also eliminated examination requirements.[26]

In the 1870s, under Dean Christopher Columbus Langdell, HLS introduced what has become the standard first-year curriculum for American law schools – including classes in contracts, property, torts, criminal law, and civil procedure. At Harvard, Langdell also developed the case method of teaching law, now the dominant pedagogical model at U.S. law schools. Langdell's notion that law could be studied as a "science" gave university legal education a reason for being distinct from vocational preparation. Critics at first defended the old lecture method because it was faster and cheaper and made fewer demands on faculty and students. Advocates said the case method had a sounder theoretical basis in scientific research and the inductive method. Langdell's graduates became leading professors at other law schools where they introduced the case method. The method was facilitated by casebooks. From its founding in 1900, the Association of American Law Schools promoted the case method in law schools that sought accreditation.[27][28]

20th century

During the 20th century, Harvard Law School was known for its competitiveness. For example, Bob Berring called it "a samurai ring where you can test your swordsmanship against the swordsmanship of the strongest intellectual warriors from around the nation."[29] When Langdell developed the original law school curriculum, Harvard President Charles Eliot told him to make it "hard and long."[30][31] An urban legend holds that incoming students are told to "Look to your left, look to your right, because one of you won't be here by the end of the year."[32] Scott Turow's memoir One L and John Jay Osborn's novel The Paper Chase describe such an environment. Trailing many of its peers, Harvard Law did not admit women as students until 1950, for the class of 1953.[33]

Eleanor Kerlow's book Poisoned Ivy: How Egos, Ideology, and Power Politics Almost Ruined Harvard Law School criticized the school for a 1980s political dispute between newer and older faculty members over accusations of insensitivity to minority and feminist issues. Divisiveness over such issues as political correctness lent the school the title "Beirut on the Charles."[34]

In Broken Contract: A Memoir of Harvard Law School, Richard Kahlenberg criticized the school for driving students away from public interest and toward work in high-paying law firms. Kahlenberg's criticisms are supported by Granfield and Koenig's study, which found that "students [are directed] toward service in the most prestigious law firms, both because they learn that such positions are their destiny and because the recruitment network that results from collective eminence makes these jobs extremely easy to obtain."[35] The school has also been criticized for its large first year class sizes (at one point there were 140 students per classroom; in 2001 there were 80), a cold and aloof administration,[36] and an inaccessible faculty. The latter stereotype is a central plot element of The Paper Chase and appears in Legally Blonde.

In response to the above criticisms, HLS eventually implemented the once-criticized[31] but now dominant approach pioneered by Dean Robert Hutchins at Yale Law School, of shifting the competitiveness to the admissions process while making law school itself a more cooperative experience. Robert Granfield and Thomas Koenig's 1992 study of Harvard Law students that appeared in The Sociological Quarterly found that students "learn to cooperate with rather than compete against classmates," and that contrary to "less eminent" law schools, students "learn that professional success is available for all who attend, and that therefore, only neurotic 'gunners' try to outdo peers."[35]

21st century

 
Martha Minow, dean, 2009-2017

Under Kagan, the second half of the 2000s saw significant academic changes since the implementation of the Langdell curriculum. In 2006, the faculty voted unanimously to approve a new first-year curriculum, placing greater emphasis on problem-solving, administrative law, and international law. The new curriculum was implemented in stages over the next several years,[37][38] with the last new course, a first year practice-oriented problem solving workshop, being instituted in January 2010. In late 2008, the faculty decided that the school should move to an Honors/Pass/Low Pass/Fail (H/P/LP/F) grading system, much like those in place at Yale and Stanford Law Schools. The system applied to half the courses taken by students in the Class of 2010 and fully started with the Class of 2011.[39]

In 2009, Kagan was appointed solicitor general of the United States by President Barack Obama and resigned the deanship. On June 11, 2009, Harvard University president, Drew Gilpin Faust named Martha Minow as the new dean. She assumed the position on July 1, 2009. On January 3, 2017, Minow announced that she would conclude her tenure as dean at the end of the academic year.[40] In June 2017, John F. Manning was named as the new dean, effective as of July 1, 2017.[41]

In September 2017, the school unveiled a plaque acknowledging the indirect role played by slavery in its history:

In honor of the enslaved whose labor created wealth that made possible the founding of Harvard Law School May we pursue the highest ideals of law and justice in their memory[42]

Reputation

The acceptance rate for the JD Class of 2024 was 6.8%.[43] HLS was ranked as the fourth best law school in the United States (in a tie with Columbia Law School, and trailing only Yale Law School, Stanford Law School, and the University of Chicago Law School) by U.S. News & World Report in its 2023 rankings, the most widely referenced rankings publisher in the American legal community.[44][45] HLS was also ranked first, with a perfect overall assessment score of 100.0, by QS World University Rankings in 2019.[46] It is also ranked first by the 2019 Academic Ranking of World Universities.[47]

In November 2022, the law school made a joint decision along with Yale Law School to withdraw from the U.S. News & World Report Best Law Schools rankings, citing the system's "flawed methodology."[48]

Employment

According to the school's employment summary for 2020 graduates, 86.8% were employed in bar passage required jobs and another 5.3% were employed in J.D. advantage jobs.[49]

ABA Employment Summary for 2020 Graduates[50]
Employment Status Percentage
Employed – Bar Passage Required
 
 86.84%
Employed – J.D. Advantage
 
 5.26%
Employed – Professional Position
 
 1.75%
Employed – Non-Professional Position
 
 0.0%
Employed – Undeterminable
 
 0.0%
Pursuing Graduate Degree Full Time
 
 0.0%
Unemployed – Start Date Deferred
 
 0.0%
Unemployed – Not Seeking
 
 1.23%
Unemployed – Seeking
 
 1.23%
Employment Status Unknown
 
 0.0%
Total of 570 Graduates

Costs

The cost of tuition for the 2022-2023 school year (9 month term) is $72,430. A Mandatory HUHS Student Health Fee is $1,304, bringing the total direct costs for the 2022-2023 school year to $73,734.[51]

The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at Harvard Law for the 2021–2022 academic year is $104,200.[52]

Heraldic shield

 
The former shield of Harvard Law School, which was retired in 2016

In 2016, the governing body of the university, the Harvard Corporation, voted to retire the law school's 80-year-old heraldic shield. The shield, depicting three garbs (the heraldic term for wheat sheaves), was based in part upon the coat of arms of Isaac Royall Jr., a university benefactor who had endowed the first professorship in the law school. The shield had become a source of contention among a group of law school students, who objected to the Royall family's history as slave-owners.[53][54]

The president of the university and dean of the law school, acting upon the recommendation of a committee formed to study the issue, ultimately agreed with its majority decision,[55] that the shield was inconsistent with the values of both the university and the law school. Their recommendation was ultimately adopted by the Harvard Corporation and on March 15, 2016, the shield was ordered retired.[56][57][58]

On August 23, 2021, it was announced that a new shield was approved by the Harvard Corporation. The new design features Harvard's traditional motto, Veritas (Latin for 'truth'), resting above the Latin phrase Lex et Iustitia, meaning 'law and justice'. According to the HLS Shield Working Group's final report, the expanding or diverging lines, some with no obvious beginning or end, are meant to convey a sense of broad scope or great distance — the limitlessness of the school's work and mission. The radial lines also allude to the latitudinal and longitudinal lines that define the arc of the earth, conveying the global reach of the Law School's community and impact. The multifaceted, radiating form — a form inspired by architectural details found in both Austin Hall and Hauser Hall — seeks to convey dynamism, complexity, inclusiveness, connectivity, and strength. [59]

Student organizations and journals

Harvard Law School has more than 90 student organizations that are active on campus.[60] These organizations include the student-edited journals, Harvard Law Record, and the HLS Drama Society, which organizes the annual Harvard Law School Parody, the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau as well as other political, social, service, and athletic groups.

HLS Student Government is the primary governing, advocacy, and representative body for Law School students. In addition, students are represented at the university level by the Harvard Graduate Council.

Harvard Law Review

Students of the Juris Doctor (JD) program are involved in preparing and publishing the Harvard Law Review, one of the most highly cited university law reviews, as well as a number of other law journals and an independent student newspaper. The Harvard Law Review was first published in 1887 and has been staffed and edited by some of the school's most notable alumni.[61]

In addition to the journal, the Harvard Law Review Association, in conjunction with the Columbia Law Review, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, and Yale Law Journal also publishes The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, the most widely followed authority for legal citation formats in the United States.

The student newspaper, the Harvard Law Record, has been published continuously since the 1940s, making it one of the oldest law school newspapers in the country, and has included the exploits of fictional law student Fenno for decades.[62][63] The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation, formerly known as the Harvard Law School Corporate Governance Blog, is one of the most widely read law websites in the country.

The Harvard Law Bulletin is the magazine of record for Harvard Law School.[64] The Harvard Law Bulletin was first published in April 1948. The magazine is currently published twice a year, but in previous years has been published four or six times a year. The magazine was first published online in fall 1997.[65]

Harvard Law School student journals

Harvard Law School legal clinics

  • Election Law Clinic
  • Animal Law and Policy Clinic
  • Criminal Justice Institute
  • Crimmigration Clinic
  • Cyberlaw Clinic
  • Education Law Clinic
  • Emmett Environmental Law and Policy Clinic
  • Immigration and Refugee Clinic
  • Legal Aid Bureau
  • Dispute Systems Design Clinic
  • International Human Rights Clinic
  • Institute to End Mass Incarceration Clinic
  • Mediation Clinic
  • Religious Freedom Clinic
  • Transactional Law Clinic
  • Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation
    • Food Law and Policy Clinic
    • Health Law and Policy Clinic
  • Legal Services Center
    • Domestic Violence and Family Clinic
    • Federal Tax Clinic
    • Housing Law Clinic
    • LGBTQ+ Advocacy Clinic
    • Predatory Lending and Consumer Protection Clinic
    • Veterans Law and Disability Benefits Clinic

Notable people

Alumni

Main article: List of Harvard Law School alumni
 
Barack Obama

Harvard's prestige and large class size have enabled it to graduate a large number of distinguished alumni.

Rutherford B. Hayes, the 19th president of the United States, graduated from HLS. Additionally, Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States, graduated from HLS and was president of the Harvard Law Review. His wife, Michelle Obama, is also a graduate of Harvard Law School. Past presidential candidates who are HLS graduates, include Michael Dukakis, Ralph Nader and Mitt Romney. Eight sitting U.S. senators are alumni of HLS: Romney, Ted Cruz, Mike Crapo, Tim Kaine, Jack Reed, Chuck Schumer, Tom Cotton, and Mark Warner.

Other legal and political leaders who attended HLS include former president of Taiwan, Ma Ying-jeou, and former vice president Annette Lu; the incumbent Chief Justice of India, Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud; the incumbent Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, Andrew Cheung Kui-nung; former chief justice of the Republic of the Philippines, Renato Corona; chief justice, Sundaresh Menon; former president of the World Bank Group, Robert Zoellick; former United Nations high commissioner for human rights, Navanethem Pillay; the former president of Ireland, Mary Robinson; Lady Arden, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and Solomon Areda Waktolla, Deputy Chief Justice of the Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia. Deputy Chief Justice Solomon Areda Waktolla is also member of the Court of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Lobsang Sangay is the first elected sikyong of the Tibetan Government in Exile. In 2004, he earned a S.J.D. degree from Harvard Law School and was a recipient of the 2004 Yong K. Kim' 95 Prize of excellence for his dissertation "Democracy in Distress: Is Exile Polity a Remedy? A Case Study of Tibet's Government-in-exile".

 
Lobsang Sangay, first Sikyong of Tibetan Government-in-Exile.

Sixteen of the school's graduates have served on the Supreme Court of the United States, more than any other law school. Four of the current nine members of the court graduated from HLS: the chief justice, John Roberts; associate justices Neil Gorsuch; Ketanji Brown Jackson; and Elena Kagan, who also served as the dean of Harvard Law School, from 2003 to 2009. Past Supreme Court justices from Harvard Law School include Antonin Scalia, David Souter, Harry Blackmun, William J. Brennan, Louis Brandeis, Felix Frankfurter, Lewis Powell (LLM), and Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., among others. Ruth Bader Ginsburg attended Harvard Law School for two years.[68]

Attorneys General Loretta Lynch, Alberto Gonzales, and Janet Reno, among others, and noted federal judges Richard Posner of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, Michael Boudin of the First Circuit Court of Appeals, Joseph A. Greenaway of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, Laurence Silberman of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, Lawrence VanDyke of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, and Pierre Leval of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, among many other judicial figures, graduated from the school. The former Commonwealth solicitor general of Australia and current justice of the High Court of Australia, Stephen Gageler, senior counsel graduated from Harvard with an LL.M.[69]

Many HLS alumni are leaders and innovators in the business world. Its graduates include the current senior chairman of Goldman Sachs, Lloyd Blankfein; former chief executive officer of Reddit, Ellen Pao; current chairman of the board and majority owner of National Amusements Sumner Redstone; current president and CEO of TIAA-CREF, Roger W. Ferguson Jr.; current CEO and chairman of Toys "R" Us, Gerald L. Storch; and former CEO of Delta Air Lines, Gerald Grinstein, among many others.

Legal scholars who graduated from Harvard Law include Payam Akhavan, William P. Alford, Rachel Barkow, Yochai Benkler, Alexander Bickel, Andrew Burrows, Erwin Chemerinsky, Amy Chua, Sujit Choudhry, Robert C. Clark, Hugh Collins, James Duane (professor), I. Glenn Cohen, Ronald Dworkin, Christopher Edley Jr., Melvin A. Eisenberg, Susan Estrich, Jody Freeman, Gerald Gunther, Andrew T. Guzman, Louis Henkin, Harold Koh, Richard J. Lazarus, Arthur R. Miller, Gerald L. Neuman, Eric Posner, Richard Posner, John Mark Ramseyer, Jed Rubenfeld, Lewis Sargentich, John Sexton, Jeannie Suk, Kathleen Sullivan, Cass Sunstein, Laurence Tribe, Edwin R. Keedy, C. Raj Kumar[70] and Tim Wu.

In sports, David Otunga is the first and only Harvard Law alum to work for WWE. He is a two-time WWE Tag Team Champion.

Faculty

Former faculty

Research programs and centers

  • Animal Law & Policy Program[71]
  • Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society[72]
  • Center on the Legal Profession (CLP)[73]
  • Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice[74]
  • Child Advocacy Program (CAP)[75]
  • Criminal Justice Policy Program (CJPP)[76]
  • East Asian Legal Studies Program (EALS)[77]
  • Environmental & Energy Law Program[78]
  • Foundations of Private Law[79]
  • Harvard Initiative on Law and Philosophy[80]
  • Harvard Law School Project on Disability (HPOD)[81]
  • Human Rights Program (HRP)[82]
  • Institute for Global Law and Policy (IGLP)[83]
  • John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics and Business[84]
  • The Julis-Rabinowitz Program on Jewish and Israeli Law[85]
  • Labor and Worklife Program (LWP)[86]
  • The Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics[87]
  • Program in Islamic Law (PIL)[88]
  • Program on Biblical Law and Christian Legal Studies (PBLCLS)[89]
  • Program on Behavioral Economics and Public Policy[90]
  • Program on Corporate Governance[91]
  • Program on Institutional Investors (PII)[92]
  • Program on International Financial Systems (PIFS)[93]
  • Program on International Law and Armed Conflict (PILAC)[94]
  • Program on Law and Society in the Muslim World[95]
  • Program on Negotiation (PON)[96]
  • Shareholder Rights Project (SRP)[97]
  • Systemic Justice Project (SJP)[98]
  • Tax Law Program[99]

Buildings gallery

  •  

    Areeda Hall

  •  

    Austin Hall

  •  

    Griswold Hall

  •  

    Hauser Hall

  •  

    Langdell Hall

  •  

    Pound Hall

  •  

    Wasserstein Hall

In popular culture

Books

The Paper Chase is a novel set amid a student's first ("One L") year at the school. It was written by John Jay Osborn, Jr., who studied at the school. The book was later turned into a film and a television series (see below).

Scott Turow wrote a memoir of his experience as a first-year law student at Harvard, One L.

Film and television

Several movies and television shows take place at least in part at the school. Most of them have scenes filmed on location at or around Harvard University. They include:

Many popular movies and television shows also feature characters introduced as Harvard Law School graduates. The central plot point of the TV series Suits is that one of the main characters did not attend Harvard but fakes his graduate status in order to practice law.

See also

References

  1. ^ Veritas appears on Harvard University's shield. Heraldically speaking, however, a 'motto' is a word or phrase displayed on a scroll in conjunction with a shield of arms. Since 1692 ( January 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine), the university seals have borne Christo et Ecclesiae (Latin for 'Christ and the Church') in this manner, arguably making that phrase the university's motto in a heraldic sense. This phrase is otherwise not in general use today.
  2. ^ "About". Harvard Law School. Harvard University. from the original on November 18, 2019. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Harvard Law School". Hls.harvard.edu. from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  4. ^ "Harvard University". U.S. News & World Report – Best Law Schools. from the original on January 15, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  5. ^ a b Rubino, Kathryn. "Bar Passage Rates For First-time Test Takers Soars!". February 19, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  6. ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (March 8, 2011). "The Best Law Schools For Getting Rich". Forbes. from the original on November 19, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  7. ^ Bennett, Drake (October 19, 2008). "Crimson tide". Boston.com. Boston Globe. from the original on February 20, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  8. ^ "Best Law Schools". U.S. News & World Report. from the original on July 13, 2013. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  9. ^ (PDF). Harvard Law School. Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 11, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  10. ^ "Bar Passage Outcomes". American Bar Association. from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  11. ^ "Brian Leiter Law School Supreme Court Clerkship Placement, 2000-2010". www.leiterrankings.com. from the original on December 17, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.. However, because of its greater size, approximately 2.5 times that of Yale, Harvard had a greater total number of Supreme Court while Yale has a significantly higher per-capita placement of clerks on the Court. Id.
  12. ^ "About". Harvard Law School. from the original on January 10, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  13. ^ "The Harvard Law School Library". Library Tours. International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  14. ^ a b c d "Recommendation to the President and Fellows of Harvard College on the Shield Approved for the Law School" (PDF). Harvard University. (PDF) from the original on May 22, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
  15. ^ . Marshall-Wythe School of Law. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Retrieved August 24, 2007.
  16. ^ "The University of Maryland School of Law: Our History and Mission". The University of Maryland School of Law. from the original on July 2, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
  17. ^ Sven Beckert, Katherine Stevens and the students of the Harvard and Slavery Research Seminar (2011). "Harvard and Slavery: Seeking a Forgotten History" (PDF). Harvard University. p. 11. (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  18. ^ "Issues Archive". Harvard Law Today. Harvard University. from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  19. ^ Aidan F. Ryan (April 24, 2018). "Two Years After Law School Removed Royall Crest, No New Seal in Sight". The Harvard Crimson. from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
  20. ^ "Harvard law school drops official shield over slavery links". The Guardian. March 4, 2016. from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
  21. ^ "Harvard Law School Announces Working Group to Develop New Seal". The Harvard Crimson. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
  22. ^ "Harvard Law School unveils new shield". Harvard Law Today. from the original on August 25, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  23. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda want reparations from Harvard because of the law school's slavery ties". The Boston Globe. from the original on November 10, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  24. ^ "LAW SCHOOL HAS FINE PORTRAIT COLLECTION | News | The Harvard Crimson". Thecrimson.com. January 23, 1930. from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 10, 2015.. The school is called Dane Law School in an 1854 letter written by Rev. C.C. Jones to his son, Robert Manson Myers, ed., The Children of Pride: A True Story of Georgia and the Civil War (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1972), p. 42.
  25. ^ Clark, Solomon (1882). Antiquities, Historicals and Graduates of Northampton – Solomon Clark – Internet Archive. Steam Press of Gazette Print. Company. p. 277. Retrieved March 10, 2015. john ashmun northampton harvard law school.
  26. ^ a b "Book Note: Exploring the Organization and Actions of Legal Professions: Honor Seeking and Echoes of Political Revolution" (PDF). Harvard Law Review. 120: 1089. 2007. (PDF) from the original on October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
  27. ^ Kimball, Bruce A. (2006). "The Proliferation of Case Method Teaching in American Law Schools: Mr. Langdell's Emblematic "Abomination," 1890-1915". History of Education Quarterly. 46 (2): 192–247. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5959.2006.tb00066.x. JSTOR 20462057. S2CID 143692702.
  28. ^ Bruce A. Kimball, '"Warn Students That I Entertain Heretical Opinions, Which They Are Not To Take as Law': The Inception of Case Method Teaching in the Classrooms of the Early C.C. Langdell, 1870–1883," Law and History Review 17 (Spring 1999): 57–140.
  29. ^ "Interview with Former Dean Robert Berring of U.C. Berkeley's Boalt Hall School of Law". Top-law-schools.com. from the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  30. ^ . Archived from the original on February 18, 2012.
  31. ^ a b . Archived from the original on February 18, 2012.
  32. ^ Kahlenberg, Richard D. (1992), Broken Contract: A Memoir of Harvard Law School, New York: Hill and Wang, ISBN 978-0-8090-3165-8
  33. ^ "When were women first admitted to Harvard Law School? - Ask a Librarian!".
  34. ^ "www". www.legaled.com. from the original on December 5, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
  35. ^ a b Granfield, Robert; Koenig, Thomas (2005), "Learning Collective Eminence: Harvard Law School and the Social Production of Elite Lawyers", Sociological Quarterly, 33 (4): 503–20, doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1992.tb00140.x
  36. ^ Glater, Jonathan D. (April 16, 2001). "Harvard Law Tries to Increase Appeal". The New York Times. from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
  37. ^ "Issues Archive | Harvard Law Today". Law.harvard.edu. from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  38. ^ Glater, Jonathan D. (October 7, 2006). "Harvard Law Decides to Steep Students in 21st-Century Issues". The New York Times. from the original on June 5, 2010. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
  39. ^ Mystal, Elie (October 28, 2008). "HLS Grade Reform: Splitting the Baby Was The Only Call". Above the Law. from the original on June 6, 2015. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  40. ^ "Harvard Law School dean to step down". The Boston Globe. from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
  41. ^ "John Manning to lead Harvard Law School". Harvard Gazette. June 1, 2017. from the original on November 2, 2019. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  42. ^ Meyers, Alyssa (September 8, 2017). "Harvard Law unveils plaque to acknowledge slave labor". The Boston Globe. from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  43. ^ "HLS Profile and Facts". Harvard Law School. Harvard University. from the original on January 15, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
  44. ^ . U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on March 20, 2017.
  45. ^ "Top (T14) Law Schools in the US (2021-2022)". June 27, 2021. from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  46. ^ "Law". QS World University Rankings. from the original on January 20, 2020. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  47. ^ . Academic Ranking of World Universities. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved January 15, 2020.
  48. ^ Korn, Melissa. "WSJ News Exclusive | Yale and Harvard Law Schools Abandon U.S. News Rankings". WSJ. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  49. ^ "ABA Summary Profile Class of 2020" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
  50. ^ https://hls.harvard.edu/content/uploads/2021/04/ABA-Summary-Profile-Class-of-2020.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  51. ^ School, Harvard Law. "Cost of Attendance". Harvard Law School. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  52. ^ "Harvard Law School". LSData. from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  53. ^ Harvard Law School to ditch controversial shield April 20, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Steve Annear. Boston Globe. March 14, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016
  54. ^ The Harvard Law shield tied to slavery is already disappearing, after corporation vote April 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Susan Svrluga. Washington Post. March 15, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016
  55. ^ Harvard Law to Abandon Crest Linked to Slavery November 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Anemona Hartocollis. New York Times. March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016
  56. ^ The Harvard Law shield tied to slavery is already disappearing, after corporation vote April 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Susan Svrluga. Washington Post. March 14, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016
  57. ^ Shammas, Michael (March 4, 2016). "After Months of Advocacy and Debate, Harvard Law Recommends Shield Change". The Harvard Law Record. The Harvard Law Record. from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
  58. ^ Harvard Corporation agrees to retire HLS shield April 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Harvard Law Today. March 14, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016
  59. ^ "Harvard Law School unveils new shield". from the original on August 25, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  60. ^ "Student Organizations and Journals". Hls.harvard.edu. from the original on December 19, 2017. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
  61. ^ "The Harvard Law Review — Glimpses of Its History as Seen by an Aficionado – The Harvard Law Review — Glimpses of Its History as Seen by an Aficionado". Harvardlawreview.org. January 17, 1987. from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  62. ^ "ABA names Harvard Law Record best law school newspaper". Harvard Law School. from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  63. ^ Shammas, Michael (September 9, 2015). "Donate to the Harvard Law Record". Harvard Law Record. The Harvard Law Record. from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  64. ^ "Publications". Harvard Law School. from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  65. ^ Schoenfeld, Lesley (January 12, 2021). "Harvard Law School Graduates: A Biographical Research Guide". Harvard Law School Library. from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  66. ^ "Harvard Business Law Review (HBLR)". from the original on December 27, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  67. ^ "Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal (BLJ)". from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
  68. ^ "Ruth Bader Ginsburg". Oyez.org. from the original on March 19, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
  69. ^ . 11thfloor. Archived from the original on July 23, 2008.
  70. ^ Agarwal, Tabu (May 15, 2016). "'Making of India' is more important". The Hindu. from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
  71. ^ "Animal Law & Policy Program | Harvard Law School". Harvard Law School - ALPP. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  72. ^ "home | Berkman Klein Center". cyber.harvard.edu. from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  73. ^ "Center on the Legal Profession (CLP) - Harvard Law School". Harvard CLP. from the original on March 23, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  74. ^ "Home". Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race & Justice. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  75. ^ "Child Advocacy Program". Child Advocacy Program. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  76. ^ School, Harvard Law. "Research Programs and Centers: Alphabetical Listing". Harvard Law School. from the original on March 19, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  77. ^ "East Asian Legal Studies at Harvard Law School". www.law.harvard.edu. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  78. ^ "Home - Environmental & Energy Law Program". Harvard Law School. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  79. ^ "Project on the Foundations of Private Law". Project on the Foundations of Private Law. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  80. ^ "Harvard Initiative on Law and Philosophy". projects.iq.harvard.edu. from the original on August 16, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  81. ^ "Harvard Law School Project on Disability". Harvard Law School Project on Disability. from the original on March 27, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  82. ^ "Human Rights @ Harvard Law | Bridging Theory and Practice". Human Rights @ Harvard Law. from the original on March 23, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  83. ^ "Harvard Law School | Institute for Global Law and Policy". iglp.law.harvard.edu. from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  84. ^ "HLS The John M. Olin Center". www.law.harvard.edu. from the original on October 25, 2009. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  85. ^ "Julis-Rabinowitz Program on Jewish and Israeli Law". Julis-Rabinowitz Program on Jewish and Israeli Law. from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  86. ^ "Labor and Worklife Program". lwp.law.harvard.edu. from the original on May 16, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  87. ^ "The Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School | Petrie-Flom Center". The Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School. from the original on March 28, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  88. ^ "Program in Islamic Law". pil.law.harvard.edu. March 6, 2021. from the original on April 10, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  89. ^ "PBLCLS". Harvard Law School Program on Biblical Law and Christian Legal Studies. from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  90. ^ School, Harvard Law. "Program on Behavioral Economics and Public Policy". Harvard Law School. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  91. ^ "Program on Corporate Governance". pcg.law.harvard.edu. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  92. ^ "Program on Institutional Investors at Harvard Law School". www.pii.law.harvard.edu. from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  93. ^ "PIFS". www.pifsinternational.org. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  94. ^ "HLS PILAC". HLS PILAC. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  95. ^ "Home". Program on Law and Society in the Muslim World. from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  96. ^ "Negotiation and Leadership". PON - Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School. from the original on March 17, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  97. ^ "Shareholder Rights Project at Harvard Law School". www.srp.law.harvard.edu. from the original on March 20, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  98. ^ "The Systemic Justice Project". The Systemic Justice Project. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  99. ^ "Harvard Law School Tax Law Program". Harvard Law School Tax Law Program. from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021.

Further reading

  • Bennett, Drake (October 19, 2008). "Crimson tide: Harvard Law School, long fractious and underachieving, is on the rise again – and shaking up the American legal world". The Boston Globe.
  • Centennial History of the Harvard Law School, 1817–1917, Harvard Law School Association, 1918, OL 7224560M
  • Chase, Anthony. "The Birth of the Modern Law School," American Journal of Legal History (1979) 23#4 pp. 329–48 in JSTOR
  • Coquillette, Daniel R. and Bruce A. Kimball. On the Battlefield of Merit: Harvard Law School, the First Century (Harvard University Press, 2015) 666 pp.
  • Granfield, Robert (1992). Making Elite Lawyers: Visions of Law at Harvard and Beyond. New York: Routledge.
  • Kimball, Bruce A. "The Proliferation of Case Method Teaching in American Law Schools: Mr. Langdell's Emblematic 'Abomination,' 1890–1915," History of Education Quarterly (2006) 46#2 pp. 192–240 in JSTOR
  • Kimball, Bruce A. '"Warn Students That I Entertain Heretical Opinions, Which They Are Not To Take as Law': The Inception of Case Method Teaching in the Classrooms of the Early C.C. Langdell, 1870–1883," Law and History Review 17 (Spring 1999): 57–140.
  • LaPiana, William P. Logic and Experience: The Origin of Modern American Legal Education (1994)
  • Warren, Charles (1908), History of the Harvard Law School and of Early Legal Conditions in America, New York: Lewis, OL 7062252M + v.2, v.3

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harvard Law School.
  • Official website

January 07, 2023
harvard, school, harvard, school, harvard, university, private, research, university, cambridge, massachusetts, founded, 1817, oldest, continuously, operating, school, united, states, coat, armsmottoveritas, truth, iustitia, justice, parent, schoolharvard, uni. Harvard Law School Harvard Law or HLS is the law school of Harvard University a private research university in Cambridge Massachusetts Founded in 1817 it is the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States 6 7 Harvard Law SchoolCoat of armsMottoVeritas Truth 1 Lex et Iustitia Law and justice Parent schoolHarvard UniversityEstablished1817 206 years ago 1817 School typePrivate law schoolDeanJohn F ManningLocationCambridge Massachusetts United StatesEnrollment1 990 2 Faculty135 3 USNWR ranking4th 2023 4 Bar pass rate99 2019 5 Websitehls wbr harvard wbr eduEach class in the three year JD program has approximately 560 students among the largest of the top 150 ranked law schools in the United States 8 The first year class is broken into seven sections of approximately 80 students who take most first year classes together Aside from the JD program Harvard also awards both LLM and SJD degrees Harvard s uniquely large class size and prestige have led the law school to graduate a great many distinguished alumni in the judiciary government and the business world According to Harvard Law s 2020 ABA required disclosures 99 of 2019 graduates passed the bar exam 9 5 10 The school s graduates accounted for more than one quarter of all Supreme Court clerks between 2000 and 2010 more than any other law school in the United States 11 Harvard Law School s founding is traditionally linked to the funding of Harvard s first professorship in law paid for from a bequest from the estate of Isaac Royall Jr a colonial American landowner and slaveowner HLS is home to the world s largest academic law library 12 13 The school has an estimated 135 full time faculty members 3 Contents 1 History 1 1 Bequest by Isaac Royall founding and relationship with slavery 1 2 Growth and the Langdell curriculum 1 3 20th century 1 4 21st century 2 Reputation 3 Employment 4 Costs 5 Heraldic shield 6 Student organizations and journals 6 1 Harvard Law Review 6 2 Harvard Law School student journals 6 3 Harvard Law School legal clinics 7 Notable people 7 1 Alumni 7 2 Faculty 7 2 1 Former faculty 8 Research programs and centers 9 Buildings gallery 10 In popular culture 10 1 Books 10 2 Film and television 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External linksHistory EditBequest by Isaac Royall founding and relationship with slavery Edit Harvard Law School s founding is traced to the establishment of a law department at Harvard in 1817 14 Dating the founding to the year of the creation of the law department makes Harvard Law School the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States William amp Mary Law School opened first in 1779 but it closed due to the American Civil War reopening in 1920 15 The University of Maryland School of Law was chartered in 1816 but did not begin classes until 1824 and it also closed during the Civil War 16 Portrait of Isaac Royall Jr painted in 1769 by J S Copley The founding of the law department came two years after the establishment of Harvard s first endowed professorship in law funded by a bequest from the estate of wealthy slave owner Isaac Royall Jr in 1817 14 Royall left roughly 1 000 acres of land in Massachusetts to Harvard when he died in exile in Nova Scotia where he fled to as a Loyalist during the American Revolution in 1781 to be appropriated towards the endowing a Professor of Laws or a Professor of Physick and Anatomy whichever the said overseers and Corporation of the college shall judge to be best 14 The value of the land when fully liquidated in 1809 was 2 938 the Harvard Corporation allocated 400 from the income generated by those funds to create the Royall Professorship of Law in 1815 14 The Royalls were so involved in the slave trade that the labor of slaves underwrote the teaching of law in Cambridge 17 The dean of the law school traditionally held the Royall chair deans Elena Kagan and Martha Minow declined the Royall chair due to its origins in the proceeds of slavery The Royall family s coat of arms which shows three stacked wheat sheaves on a blue background was adopted as part of the law school s arms in 1936 topped with the university s motto Veritas Latin for truth 18 Until the school began investigating its connections with slavery in the 2010s most alumni and faculty at the time were unaware of the origins of the arms 19 In March 2016 following requests by students the school decided to remove the emblem because of its association with slavery 20 In November 2019 Harvard announced that a working group had been tasked to develop a new emblem 21 In August 2021 the new Harvard Law School emblem was introduced 22 Royall s Medford estate the Isaac Royall House is now a museum which features the only remaining slave quarters in the northeast United States In 2019 the government of Antigua and Barbuda requested reparations from Harvard Law School on the ground that it benefitted from Royall s enslavement of people in the country 23 Growth and the Langdell curriculum Edit By 1827 the school with one faculty member was struggling Nathan Dane a prominent alumnus of the college then endowed the Dane Professorship of Law insisting that it be given to then Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story For a while the school was called Dane Law School 24 In 1829 John H Ashmun son of Eli Porter Ashmun and brother of George Ashmun accepted a professorship and closed his Northampton Law School with many of his students following him to Harvard 25 Story s belief in the need for an elite law school based on merit and dedicated to public service helped build the school s reputation at the time although the contours of these beliefs have not been consistent throughout its history Enrollment remained low through the 19th century as university legal education was considered to be of little added benefit to apprenticeships in legal practice After first trying lowered admissions standards in 1848 HLS eliminated admissions requirements entirely 26 In 1869 HLS also eliminated examination requirements 26 In the 1870s under Dean Christopher Columbus Langdell HLS introduced what has become the standard first year curriculum for American law schools including classes in contracts property torts criminal law and civil procedure At Harvard Langdell also developed the case method of teaching law now the dominant pedagogical model at U S law schools Langdell s notion that law could be studied as a science gave university legal education a reason for being distinct from vocational preparation Critics at first defended the old lecture method because it was faster and cheaper and made fewer demands on faculty and students Advocates said the case method had a sounder theoretical basis in scientific research and the inductive method Langdell s graduates became leading professors at other law schools where they introduced the case method The method was facilitated by casebooks From its founding in 1900 the Association of American Law Schools promoted the case method in law schools that sought accreditation 27 28 20th century Edit During the 20th century Harvard Law School was known for its competitiveness For example Bob Berring called it a samurai ring where you can test your swordsmanship against the swordsmanship of the strongest intellectual warriors from around the nation 29 When Langdell developed the original law school curriculum Harvard President Charles Eliot told him to make it hard and long 30 31 An urban legend holds that incoming students are told to Look to your left look to your right because one of you won t be here by the end of the year 32 Scott Turow s memoir One L and John Jay Osborn s novel The Paper Chase describe such an environment Trailing many of its peers Harvard Law did not admit women as students until 1950 for the class of 1953 33 Eleanor Kerlow s book Poisoned Ivy How Egos Ideology and Power Politics Almost Ruined Harvard Law School criticized the school for a 1980s political dispute between newer and older faculty members over accusations of insensitivity to minority and feminist issues Divisiveness over such issues as political correctness lent the school the title Beirut on the Charles 34 In Broken Contract A Memoir of Harvard Law School Richard Kahlenberg criticized the school for driving students away from public interest and toward work in high paying law firms Kahlenberg s criticisms are supported by Granfield and Koenig s study which found that students are directed toward service in the most prestigious law firms both because they learn that such positions are their destiny and because the recruitment network that results from collective eminence makes these jobs extremely easy to obtain 35 The school has also been criticized for its large first year class sizes at one point there were 140 students per classroom in 2001 there were 80 a cold and aloof administration 36 and an inaccessible faculty The latter stereotype is a central plot element of The Paper Chase and appears in Legally Blonde In response to the above criticisms HLS eventually implemented the once criticized 31 but now dominant approach pioneered by Dean Robert Hutchins at Yale Law School of shifting the competitiveness to the admissions process while making law school itself a more cooperative experience Robert Granfield and Thomas Koenig s 1992 study of Harvard Law students that appeared in The Sociological Quarterly found that students learn to cooperate with rather than compete against classmates and that contrary to less eminent law schools students learn that professional success is available for all who attend and that therefore only neurotic gunners try to outdo peers 35 21st century Edit Martha Minow dean 2009 2017 Under Kagan the second half of the 2000s saw significant academic changes since the implementation of the Langdell curriculum In 2006 the faculty voted unanimously to approve a new first year curriculum placing greater emphasis on problem solving administrative law and international law The new curriculum was implemented in stages over the next several years 37 38 with the last new course a first year practice oriented problem solving workshop being instituted in January 2010 In late 2008 the faculty decided that the school should move to an Honors Pass Low Pass Fail H P LP F grading system much like those in place at Yale and Stanford Law Schools The system applied to half the courses taken by students in the Class of 2010 and fully started with the Class of 2011 39 In 2009 Kagan was appointed solicitor general of the United States by President Barack Obama and resigned the deanship On June 11 2009 Harvard University president Drew Gilpin Faust named Martha Minow as the new dean She assumed the position on July 1 2009 On January 3 2017 Minow announced that she would conclude her tenure as dean at the end of the academic year 40 In June 2017 John F Manning was named as the new dean effective as of July 1 2017 41 In September 2017 the school unveiled a plaque acknowledging the indirect role played by slavery in its history In honor of the enslaved whose labor created wealth that made possible the founding of Harvard Law School May we pursue the highest ideals of law and justice in their memory 42 Reputation EditThe acceptance rate for the JD Class of 2024 was 6 8 43 HLS was ranked as the fourth best law school in the United States in a tie with Columbia Law School and trailing only Yale Law School Stanford Law School and the University of Chicago Law School by U S News amp World Report in its 2023 rankings the most widely referenced rankings publisher in the American legal community 44 45 HLS was also ranked first with a perfect overall assessment score of 100 0 by QS World University Rankings in 2019 46 It is also ranked first by the 2019 Academic Ranking of World Universities 47 In November 2022 the law school made a joint decision along with Yale Law School to withdraw from the U S News amp World Report Best Law Schools rankings citing the system s flawed methodology 48 Employment EditAccording to the school s employment summary for 2020 graduates 86 8 were employed in bar passage required jobs and another 5 3 were employed in J D advantage jobs 49 ABA Employment Summary for 2020 Graduates 50 Employment Status PercentageEmployed Bar Passage Required 86 84 Employed J D Advantage 5 26 Employed Professional Position 1 75 Employed Non Professional Position 0 0 Employed Undeterminable 0 0 Pursuing Graduate Degree Full Time 0 0 Unemployed Start Date Deferred 0 0 Unemployed Not Seeking 1 23 Unemployed Seeking 1 23 Employment Status Unknown 0 0 Total of 570 GraduatesCosts EditThe cost of tuition for the 2022 2023 school year 9 month term is 72 430 A Mandatory HUHS Student Health Fee is 1 304 bringing the total direct costs for the 2022 2023 school year to 73 734 51 The total cost of attendance indicating the cost of tuition fees and living expenses at Harvard Law for the 2021 2022 academic year is 104 200 52 Heraldic shield Edit The former shield of Harvard Law School which was retired in 2016 In 2016 the governing body of the university the Harvard Corporation voted to retire the law school s 80 year old heraldic shield The shield depicting three garbs the heraldic term for wheat sheaves was based in part upon the coat of arms of Isaac Royall Jr a university benefactor who had endowed the first professorship in the law school The shield had become a source of contention among a group of law school students who objected to the Royall family s history as slave owners 53 54 The president of the university and dean of the law school acting upon the recommendation of a committee formed to study the issue ultimately agreed with its majority decision 55 that the shield was inconsistent with the values of both the university and the law school Their recommendation was ultimately adopted by the Harvard Corporation and on March 15 2016 the shield was ordered retired 56 57 58 On August 23 2021 it was announced that a new shield was approved by the Harvard Corporation The new design features Harvard s traditional motto Veritas Latin for truth resting above the Latin phrase Lex et Iustitia meaning law and justice According to the HLS Shield Working Group s final report the expanding or diverging lines some with no obvious beginning or end are meant to convey a sense of broad scope or great distance the limitlessness of the school s work and mission The radial lines also allude to the latitudinal and longitudinal lines that define the arc of the earth conveying the global reach of the Law School s community and impact The multifaceted radiating form a form inspired by architectural details found in both Austin Hall and Hauser Hall seeks to convey dynamism complexity inclusiveness connectivity and strength 59 Student organizations and journals EditHarvard Law School has more than 90 student organizations that are active on campus 60 These organizations include the student edited journals Harvard Law Record and the HLS Drama Society which organizes the annual Harvard Law School Parody the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau as well as other political social service and athletic groups HLS Student Government is the primary governing advocacy and representative body for Law School students In addition students are represented at the university level by the Harvard Graduate Council Harvard Law Review Edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed March 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message Students of the Juris Doctor JD program are involved in preparing and publishing the Harvard Law Review one of the most highly cited university law reviews as well as a number of other law journals and an independent student newspaper The Harvard Law Review was first published in 1887 and has been staffed and edited by some of the school s most notable alumni 61 In addition to the journal the Harvard Law Review Association in conjunction with the Columbia Law Review University of Pennsylvania Law Review and Yale Law Journal also publishes The Bluebook A Uniform System of Citation the most widely followed authority for legal citation formats in the United States The student newspaper the Harvard Law Record has been published continuously since the 1940s making it one of the oldest law school newspapers in the country and has included the exploits of fictional law student Fenno for decades 62 63 The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation formerly known as the Harvard Law School Corporate Governance Blog is one of the most widely read law websites in the country The Harvard Law Bulletin is the magazine of record for Harvard Law School 64 The Harvard Law Bulletin was first published in April 1948 The magazine is currently published twice a year but in previous years has been published four or six times a year The magazine was first published online in fall 1997 65 Harvard Law School student journals Edit Harvard Law Review Harvard Business Law Review 66 Harvard Civil Rights Civil Liberties Law Review Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal 67 Harvard Environmental Law Review Harvard Human Rights Journal Harvard International Law Journal Harvard Journal of Law amp Gender formerly Women s Law Journal Harvard Journal of Law amp Public Policy Harvard Journal of Law and Technology Harvard Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law Harvard Journal on Legislation Harvard Latinx Law Review Harvard Law amp Policy Review Harvard National Security Journal Harvard Negotiation Law Review Unbound Harvard Journal of the Legal LeftHarvard Law School legal clinics Edit Election Law Clinic Animal Law and Policy Clinic Criminal Justice Institute Crimmigration Clinic Cyberlaw Clinic Education Law Clinic Emmett Environmental Law and Policy Clinic Immigration and Refugee Clinic Legal Aid Bureau Dispute Systems Design Clinic International Human Rights Clinic Institute to End Mass Incarceration Clinic Mediation Clinic Religious Freedom Clinic Transactional Law Clinic Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation Food Law and Policy Clinic Health Law and Policy Clinic Legal Services Center Domestic Violence and Family Clinic Federal Tax Clinic Housing Law Clinic LGBTQ Advocacy Clinic Predatory Lending and Consumer Protection Clinic Veterans Law and Disability Benefits ClinicNotable people EditAlumni Edit Main article List of Harvard Law School alumni Barack Obama Harvard s prestige and large class size have enabled it to graduate a large number of distinguished alumni Rutherford B Hayes the 19th president of the United States graduated from HLS Additionally Barack Obama the 44th president of the United States graduated from HLS and was president of the Harvard Law Review His wife Michelle Obama is also a graduate of Harvard Law School Past presidential candidates who are HLS graduates include Michael Dukakis Ralph Nader and Mitt Romney Eight sitting U S senators are alumni of HLS Romney Ted Cruz Mike Crapo Tim Kaine Jack Reed Chuck Schumer Tom Cotton and Mark Warner Other legal and political leaders who attended HLS include former president of Taiwan Ma Ying jeou and former vice president Annette Lu the incumbent Chief Justice of India Dhananjaya Y Chandrachud the incumbent Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong Andrew Cheung Kui nung former chief justice of the Republic of the Philippines Renato Corona chief justice Sundaresh Menon former president of the World Bank Group Robert Zoellick former United Nations high commissioner for human rights Navanethem Pillay the former president of Ireland Mary Robinson Lady Arden Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and Solomon Areda Waktolla Deputy Chief Justice of the Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia Deputy Chief Justice Solomon Areda Waktolla is also member of the Court of the Permanent Court of Arbitration Lobsang Sangay is the first elected sikyong of the Tibetan Government in Exile In 2004 he earned a S J D degree from Harvard Law School and was a recipient of the 2004 Yong K Kim 95 Prize of excellence for his dissertation Democracy in Distress Is Exile Polity a Remedy A Case Study of Tibet s Government in exile Lobsang Sangay first Sikyong of Tibetan Government in Exile Sixteen of the school s graduates have served on the Supreme Court of the United States more than any other law school Four of the current nine members of the court graduated from HLS the chief justice John Roberts associate justices Neil Gorsuch Ketanji Brown Jackson and Elena Kagan who also served as the dean of Harvard Law School from 2003 to 2009 Past Supreme Court justices from Harvard Law School include Antonin Scalia David Souter Harry Blackmun William J Brennan Louis Brandeis Felix Frankfurter Lewis Powell LLM and Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr among others Ruth Bader Ginsburg attended Harvard Law School for two years 68 Attorneys General Loretta Lynch Alberto Gonzales and Janet Reno among others and noted federal judges Richard Posner of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals Michael Boudin of the First Circuit Court of Appeals Joseph A Greenaway of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals Laurence Silberman of the D C Circuit Court of Appeals Lawrence VanDyke of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and Pierre Leval of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals among many other judicial figures graduated from the school The former Commonwealth solicitor general of Australia and current justice of the High Court of Australia Stephen Gageler senior counsel graduated from Harvard with an LL M 69 Many HLS alumni are leaders and innovators in the business world Its graduates include the current senior chairman of Goldman Sachs Lloyd Blankfein former chief executive officer of Reddit Ellen Pao current chairman of the board and majority owner of National Amusements Sumner Redstone current president and CEO of TIAA CREF Roger W Ferguson Jr current CEO and chairman of Toys R Us Gerald L Storch and former CEO of Delta Air Lines Gerald Grinstein among many others Legal scholars who graduated from Harvard Law include Payam Akhavan William P Alford Rachel Barkow Yochai Benkler Alexander Bickel Andrew Burrows Erwin Chemerinsky Amy Chua Sujit Choudhry Robert C Clark Hugh Collins James Duane professor I Glenn Cohen Ronald Dworkin Christopher Edley Jr Melvin A Eisenberg Susan Estrich Jody Freeman Gerald Gunther Andrew T Guzman Louis Henkin Harold Koh Richard J Lazarus Arthur R Miller Gerald L Neuman Eric Posner Richard Posner John Mark Ramseyer Jed Rubenfeld Lewis Sargentich John Sexton Jeannie Suk Kathleen Sullivan Cass Sunstein Laurence Tribe Edwin R Keedy C Raj Kumar 70 and Tim Wu In sports David Otunga is the first and only Harvard Law alum to work for WWE He is a two time WWE Tag Team Champion Faculty Edit William P Alford Deborah Anker Yochai Benkler Robert C Clark I Glenn Cohen Susan P Crawford Noah Feldman Roger Fisher William W Fisher Jody Freeman Charles Fried Gerald Frug Nancy Gertner Mary Ann Glendon Jack Goldsmith Lani Guinier Morton Horwitz Vicki C Jackson David Kennedy Duncan Kennedy Randall Kennedy Michael Klarman Richard J Lazarus Lawrence Lessig Kenneth W Mack John F Manning Frank Michelman Martha Minow Robert Harris Mnookin Ashish Nanda Charles Nesson Ruth Okediji Charles Ogletree John Mark Ramseyer Mark J Roe Lewis Sargentich Robert Sitkoff Jeannie Suk Ronald S Sullivan Jr Cass Sunstein Laurence Tribe Mark Tushnet Rebecca Tushnet Roberto Unger Adrian Vermeule Steven M Wise Jonathan Zittrain Former faculty Edit Paul M Bator Joseph Henry Beale Derrick Bell Derek Bok Stephen Breyer Zechariah Chafee Abram Chayes Vern Countryman Archibald Cox Alan Dershowitz Christopher Edley Jr Felix Frankfurter Paul A Freund Lon Fuller John Chipman Gray Erwin Griswold Lani Guinier Henry M Hart Jr Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr Elena Kagan Christopher Columbus Langdell Daniel Meltzer Soia Mentschikoff Arthur R Miller Elisabeth Owens John Palfrey Roscoe Pound John Rawls Joseph Story Kathleen Sullivan Elizabeth Warren Joseph H H Weiler Samuel WillistonResearch programs and centers EditAnimal Law amp Policy Program 71 Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society 72 Center on the Legal Profession CLP 73 Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice 74 Child Advocacy Program CAP 75 Criminal Justice Policy Program CJPP 76 East Asian Legal Studies Program EALS 77 Environmental amp Energy Law Program 78 Foundations of Private Law 79 Harvard Initiative on Law and Philosophy 80 Harvard Law School Project on Disability HPOD 81 Human Rights Program HRP 82 Institute for Global Law and Policy IGLP 83 John M Olin Center for Law Economics and Business 84 The Julis Rabinowitz Program on Jewish and Israeli Law 85 Labor and Worklife Program LWP 86 The Petrie Flom Center for Health Law Policy Biotechnology and Bioethics 87 Program in Islamic Law PIL 88 Program on Biblical Law and Christian Legal Studies PBLCLS 89 Program on Behavioral Economics and Public Policy 90 Program on Corporate Governance 91 Program on Institutional Investors PII 92 Program on International Financial Systems PIFS 93 Program on International Law and Armed Conflict PILAC 94 Program on Law and Society in the Muslim World 95 Program on Negotiation PON 96 Shareholder Rights Project SRP 97 Systemic Justice Project SJP 98 Tax Law Program 99 Buildings gallery Edit Areeda Hall Austin Hall Griswold Hall Hauser Hall Langdell Hall Pound Hall Wasserstein HallIn popular culture EditBooks Edit The Paper Chase is a novel set amid a student s first One L year at the school It was written by John Jay Osborn Jr who studied at the school The book was later turned into a film and a television series see below Scott Turow wrote a memoir of his experience as a first year law student at Harvard One L Film and television Edit Several movies and television shows take place at least in part at the school Most of them have scenes filmed on location at or around Harvard University They include Love Story 1970 The Paper Chase 1973 The Paper Chase 1978 1979 1983 1986 television series Soul Man 1986 The Firm 1993 A Civil Action 1998 How High 2001 Legally Blonde 2001 Catch Me If You Can 2002 Love Story in Harvard 2004 Korean TV series Suits TV Series 2011 2019 On the Basis of Sex 2018 Many popular movies and television shows also feature characters introduced as Harvard Law School graduates The central plot point of the TV series Suits is that one of the main characters did not attend Harvard but fakes his graduate status in order to practice law See also Edit United States portalAmes Moot Court Competition Harvard Association for Law amp Business Harvard MIT Cooperative Society List of Harvard University people List of Ivy League law schoolsReferences Edit Veritas appears on Harvard University s shield Heraldically speaking however a motto is a word or phrase displayed on a scroll in conjunction with a shield of arms Since 1692 Archived January 2 2017 at the Wayback Machine the university seals have borne Christo et Ecclesiae Latin for Christ and the Church in this manner arguably making that phrase the university s motto in a heraldic sense This phrase is otherwise not in general use today About Harvard Law School Harvard University Archived from the original on November 18 2019 Retrieved January 15 2020 a b Harvard Law School Hls harvard edu Archived from the original on June 28 2022 Retrieved June 28 2022 Harvard University U S News amp World Report Best Law Schools Archived from the original on January 15 2019 Retrieved July 13 2021 a b Rubino Kathryn Bar Passage Rates For First time Test Takers Soars February 19 2020 Retrieved September 4 2020 Badenhausen Kurt March 8 2011 The Best Law Schools For Getting Rich Forbes Archived from the original on November 19 2015 Retrieved January 7 2016 Bennett Drake October 19 2008 Crimson tide Boston com Boston Globe Archived from the original on February 20 2016 Retrieved January 7 2016 Best Law Schools U S News amp World Report Archived from the original on July 13 2013 Retrieved January 7 2016 Harvard Law School 2015 Standard 509 Information Report PDF Harvard Law School Harvard University Archived from the original PDF on November 11 2016 Retrieved January 7 2016 Bar Passage Outcomes American Bar Association Archived from the original on June 10 2019 Retrieved January 15 2021 Brian Leiter Law School Supreme Court Clerkship Placement 2000 2010 www leiterrankings com Archived from the original on December 17 2017 Retrieved December 17 2017 However because of its greater size approximately 2 5 times that of Yale Harvard had a greater total number of Supreme Court while Yale has a significantly higher per capita placement of clerks on the Court Id About Harvard Law School Archived from the original on January 10 2016 Retrieved January 7 2016 The Harvard Law School Library Library Tours International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Archived from the original on February 4 2017 Retrieved January 7 2016 a b c d Recommendation to the President and Fellows of Harvard College on the Shield Approved for the Law School PDF Harvard University Archived PDF from the original on May 22 2016 Retrieved June 24 2016 Quick Facts W amp M Law School Marshall Wythe School of Law Archived from the original on June 4 2008 Retrieved August 24 2007 The University of Maryland School of Law Our History and Mission The University of Maryland School of Law Archived from the original on July 2 2008 Retrieved June 21 2008 Sven Beckert Katherine Stevens and the students of the Harvard and Slavery Research Seminar 2011 Harvard and Slavery Seeking a Forgotten History PDF Harvard University p 11 Archived PDF from the original on July 28 2018 Retrieved December 12 2018 Issues Archive Harvard Law Today Harvard University Archived from the original on October 24 2014 Retrieved March 10 2015 Aidan F Ryan April 24 2018 Two Years After Law School Removed Royall Crest No New Seal in Sight The Harvard Crimson Archived from the original on March 13 2020 Retrieved December 12 2018 Harvard law school drops official shield over slavery links The Guardian March 4 2016 Archived from the original on March 6 2016 Retrieved March 5 2016 Harvard Law School Announces Working Group to Develop New Seal The Harvard Crimson Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved April 20 2020 Harvard Law School unveils new shield Harvard Law Today Archived from the original on August 25 2021 Retrieved September 1 2021 Antigua and Barbuda want reparations from Harvard because of the law school s slavery ties The Boston Globe Archived from the original on November 10 2019 Retrieved November 10 2019 LAW SCHOOL HAS FINE PORTRAIT COLLECTION News The Harvard Crimson Thecrimson com January 23 1930 Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved March 10 2015 The school is called Dane Law School in an 1854 letter written by Rev C C Jones to his son Robert Manson Myers ed The Children of Pride A True Story of Georgia and the Civil War New Haven and London Yale University Press 1972 p 42 Clark Solomon 1882 Antiquities Historicals and Graduates of Northampton Solomon Clark Internet Archive Steam Press of Gazette Print Company p 277 Retrieved March 10 2015 john ashmun northampton harvard law school a b Book Note Exploring the Organization and Actions of Legal Professions Honor Seeking and Echoes of Political Revolution PDF Harvard Law Review 120 1089 2007 Archived PDF from the original on October 25 2017 Retrieved October 25 2017 Kimball Bruce A 2006 The Proliferation of Case Method Teaching in American Law Schools Mr Langdell s Emblematic Abomination 1890 1915 History of Education Quarterly 46 2 192 247 doi 10 1111 j 1748 5959 2006 tb00066 x JSTOR 20462057 S2CID 143692702 Bruce A Kimball Warn Students That I Entertain Heretical Opinions Which They Are Not To Take as Law The Inception of Case Method Teaching in the Classrooms of the Early C C Langdell 1870 1883 Law and History Review 17 Spring 1999 57 140 Interview with Former Dean Robert Berring of U C Berkeley s Boalt Hall School of Law Top law schools com Archived from the original on March 15 2015 Retrieved March 10 2015 Harvard Law School Oral History Archived from the original on February 18 2012 a b Learning Law in New Haven Archived from the original on February 18 2012 Kahlenberg Richard D 1992 Broken Contract A Memoir of Harvard Law School New York Hill and Wang ISBN 978 0 8090 3165 8 When were women first admitted to Harvard Law School Ask a Librarian www www legaled com Archived from the original on December 5 2018 Retrieved December 17 2017 a b Granfield Robert Koenig Thomas 2005 Learning Collective Eminence Harvard Law School and the Social Production of Elite Lawyers Sociological Quarterly 33 4 503 20 doi 10 1111 j 1533 8525 1992 tb00140 x Glater Jonathan D April 16 2001 Harvard Law Tries to Increase Appeal The New York Times Archived from the original on January 29 2022 Retrieved May 4 2010 Issues Archive Harvard Law Today Law harvard edu Archived from the original on December 28 2013 Retrieved March 10 2015 Glater Jonathan D October 7 2006 Harvard Law Decides to Steep Students in 21st Century Issues The New York Times Archived from the original on June 5 2010 Retrieved May 4 2010 Mystal Elie October 28 2008 HLS Grade Reform Splitting the Baby Was The Only Call Above the Law Archived from the original on June 6 2015 Retrieved March 10 2015 Harvard Law School dean to step down The Boston Globe Archived from the original on January 4 2017 Retrieved January 4 2017 John Manning to lead Harvard Law School Harvard Gazette June 1 2017 Archived from the original on November 2 2019 Retrieved July 20 2017 Meyers Alyssa September 8 2017 Harvard Law unveils plaque to acknowledge slave labor The Boston Globe Archived from the original on October 7 2017 Retrieved October 6 2017 HLS Profile and Facts Harvard Law School Harvard University Archived from the original on January 15 2020 Retrieved August 28 2021 2023 Best Law Schools U S News amp World Report Archived from the original on March 20 2017 Top T14 Law Schools in the US 2021 2022 June 27 2021 Archived from the original on February 14 2020 Retrieved February 14 2020 Law QS World University Rankings Archived from the original on January 20 2020 Retrieved January 15 2020 ShanghaiRanking s Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2019 Law Academic Ranking of World Universities Archived from the original on July 13 2019 Retrieved January 15 2020 Korn Melissa WSJ News Exclusive Yale and Harvard Law Schools Abandon U S News Rankings WSJ Retrieved November 17 2022 ABA Summary Profile Class of 2020 PDF Archived PDF from the original on January 1 2022 Retrieved January 1 2022 https hls harvard edu content uploads 2021 04 ABA Summary Profile Class of 2020 pdf bare URL PDF School Harvard Law Cost of Attendance Harvard Law School Retrieved March 14 2022 Harvard Law School LSData Archived from the original on September 29 2017 Retrieved June 30 2022 Harvard Law School to ditch controversial shield Archived April 20 2016 at the Wayback Machine Steve Annear Boston Globe March 14 2016 Retrieved April 26 2016 The Harvard Law shield tied to slavery is already disappearing after corporation vote Archived April 21 2016 at the Wayback Machine Susan Svrluga Washington Post March 15 2016 Retrieved April 26 2016 Harvard Law to Abandon Crest Linked to Slavery Archived November 30 2016 at the Wayback Machine Anemona Hartocollis New York Times March 4 2016 Retrieved April 26 2016 The Harvard Law shield tied to slavery is already disappearing after corporation vote Archived April 21 2016 at the Wayback Machine Susan Svrluga Washington Post March 14 2016 Retrieved April 26 2016 Shammas Michael March 4 2016 After Months of Advocacy and Debate Harvard Law Recommends Shield Change The Harvard Law Record The Harvard Law Record Archived from the original on January 2 2018 Retrieved January 3 2018 Harvard Corporation agrees to retire HLS shield Archived April 19 2016 at the Wayback Machine Harvard Law Today March 14 2016 Retrieved April 26 2016 Harvard Law School unveils new shield Archived from the original on August 25 2021 Retrieved August 25 2021 Student Organizations and Journals Hls harvard edu Archived from the original on December 19 2017 Retrieved December 17 2017 The Harvard Law Review Glimpses of Its History as Seen by an Aficionado The Harvard Law Review Glimpses of Its History as Seen by an Aficionado Harvardlawreview org January 17 1987 Archived from the original on May 11 2013 Retrieved March 10 2015 ABA names Harvard Law Record best law school newspaper Harvard Law School Archived from the original on February 5 2018 Retrieved February 4 2018 Shammas Michael September 9 2015 Donate to the Harvard Law Record Harvard Law Record The Harvard Law Record Archived from the original on February 5 2018 Retrieved February 4 2018 Publications Harvard Law School Archived from the original on March 2 2021 Retrieved March 4 2021 Schoenfeld Lesley January 12 2021 Harvard Law School Graduates A Biographical Research Guide Harvard Law School Library Archived from the original on August 4 2020 Retrieved March 4 2021 Harvard Business Law Review HBLR Archived from the original on December 27 2020 Retrieved December 6 2018 Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal BLJ Archived from the original on August 5 2019 Retrieved August 3 2019 Ruth Bader Ginsburg Oyez org Archived from the original on March 19 2007 Retrieved December 17 2017 Personal Injury Lawyers in Sydney NSW 11th Floor 11thfloor Archived from the original on July 23 2008 Agarwal Tabu May 15 2016 Making of India is more important The Hindu Archived from the original on April 4 2019 Retrieved December 17 2017 Animal Law amp Policy Program Harvard Law School Harvard Law School ALPP Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 home Berkman Klein Center cyber harvard edu Archived from the original on March 22 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Center on the Legal Profession CLP Harvard Law School Harvard CLP Archived from the original on March 23 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Home Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race amp Justice Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Child Advocacy Program Child Advocacy Program Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 School Harvard Law Research Programs and Centers Alphabetical Listing Harvard Law School Archived from the original on March 19 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 East Asian Legal Studies at Harvard Law School www law harvard edu Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Home Environmental amp Energy Law Program Harvard Law School Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Project on the Foundations of Private Law Project on the Foundations of Private Law Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Harvard Initiative on Law and Philosophy projects iq harvard edu Archived from the original on August 16 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Harvard Law School Project on Disability Harvard Law School Project on Disability Archived from the original on March 27 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Human Rights Harvard Law Bridging Theory and Practice Human Rights Harvard Law Archived from the original on March 23 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Harvard Law School Institute for Global Law and Policy iglp law harvard edu Archived from the original on March 31 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 HLS The John M Olin Center www law harvard edu Archived from the original on October 25 2009 Retrieved March 19 2021 Julis Rabinowitz Program on Jewish and Israeli Law Julis Rabinowitz Program on Jewish and Israeli Law Archived from the original on October 25 2020 Retrieved March 19 2021 Labor and Worklife Program lwp law harvard edu Archived from the original on May 16 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 The Petrie Flom Center for Health Law Policy Biotechnology and Bioethics at Harvard Law School Petrie Flom Center The Petrie Flom Center for Health Law Policy Biotechnology and Bioethics at Harvard Law School Archived from the original on March 28 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Program in Islamic Law pil law harvard edu March 6 2021 Archived from the original on April 10 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 PBLCLS Harvard Law School Program on Biblical Law and Christian Legal Studies Archived from the original on March 2 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 School Harvard Law Program on Behavioral Economics and Public Policy Harvard Law School Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Program on Corporate Governance pcg law harvard edu Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Program on Institutional Investors at Harvard Law School www pii law harvard edu Archived from the original on April 17 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 PIFS www pifsinternational org Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 HLS PILAC HLS PILAC Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Home Program on Law and Society in the Muslim World Archived from the original on March 2 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Negotiation and Leadership PON Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Archived from the original on March 17 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Shareholder Rights Project at Harvard Law School www srp law harvard edu Archived from the original on March 20 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 The Systemic Justice Project The Systemic Justice Project Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Harvard Law School Tax Law Program Harvard Law School Tax Law Program Archived from the original on March 24 2021 Retrieved March 19 2021 Further reading EditBennett Drake October 19 2008 Crimson tide Harvard Law School long fractious and underachieving is on the rise again and shaking up the American legal world The Boston Globe Centennial History of the Harvard Law School 1817 1917 Harvard Law School Association 1918 OL 7224560M Chase Anthony The Birth of the Modern Law School American Journal of Legal History 1979 23 4 pp 329 48 in JSTOR Coquillette Daniel R and Bruce A Kimball On the Battlefield of Merit Harvard Law School the First Century Harvard University Press 2015 666 pp Granfield Robert 1992 Making Elite Lawyers Visions of Law at Harvard and Beyond New York Routledge Kimball Bruce A The Proliferation of Case Method Teaching in American Law Schools Mr Langdell s Emblematic Abomination 1890 1915 History of Education Quarterly 2006 46 2 pp 192 240 in JSTOR Kimball Bruce A Warn Students That I Entertain Heretical Opinions Which They Are Not To Take as Law The Inception of Case Method Teaching in the Classrooms of the Early C C Langdell 1870 1883 Law and History Review 17 Spring 1999 57 140 LaPiana William P Logic and Experience The Origin of Modern American Legal Education 1994 Warren Charles 1908 History of the Harvard Law School and of Early Legal Conditions in America New York Lewis OL 7062252M v 2 v 3External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harvard Law School Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Harvard Law School amp oldid 1129381396, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.