Exhibitionism is the act of exposing in a public or semi-public context one's intimate parts – for example, the breasts, genitals or buttocks. The practice may arise from a desire or compulsion to expose themselves in such a manner to groups of friends or acquaintances, or to strangers for their amusement or sexual satisfaction, or to shock the bystander.[1] Exposing oneself only to an intimate partner is normally not regarded as exhibitionism. In law, the act of exhibitionism may be called indecent exposure, "exposing one's person", or other expressions.
Public exhibitionism by women has been recorded since classical times, often in the context of women shaming groups of men into committing, or inciting them to commit, some public action.[2] The ancient Greek historian Herodotus gives an account of exhibitionistic behaviors from the fifth century BC in The Histories. Herodotus writes that:
When people travel to Bubastis for the festival, this is what they do. Every baris carrying them there overflows with people, a huge crowd of them, men and women together. Some of the women have clappers, while some of the men have pipes which they play throughout the voyage. The rest of the men and women sing and clap their hands. When in the course of their journey they reach a community — not the city of their destination, but somewhere else — they steer the bareis close to the bank. Some of the women carry on doing what I have already described them as doing, but others shout out scornful remarks to the women in the town, or dance, or stand and pull up their clothes to expose themselves. Every riverside community receives this treatment.[3]
A case of what appears to be exhibitionism in a clinical sense was recorded in a report by the Commission against Blasphemy in Venice in 1550.[4]
In the UK the 4th draft of the revised Vagrancy Act of 1824 included an additional clause 'or openly and indecently exposing their persons' which gave rise to difficulties because of its ill-defined scope. During the course of a subsequent debate on the topic in Parliament, the then Home Secretary, Mr Peel, observed that 'there was not a more flagrant offence than that of indecently exposing the person which had been carried to an immense extent in the parks...wanton exposure was a very different thing from accidental exposure'.[5]
The development of new technologies such as smartphones and tablets has permitted some exhibitionists to reorient their methods such as with nude selfies.[6]
Psychological aspects
Charles Lasègue was the first to use the term exhibitionist, in 1877.
The term exhibitionist was first used in 1877 by French physician and psychiatrist Charles Lasègue.[7][8] Various earlier medical-forensic texts discuss genital self-exhibition, however.[9]
When exhibitionistic sexual interest is acted on with a non-consenting person or interferes with a person's quality of life or normal functioning, it can be diagnosed as exhibitionistic disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). The DSM states that the highest possible prevalence for exhibitionistic disorder in men is 2% to 4%. It is thought to be much less common in women.[10] In a Swedish survey, 2.1% of women and 4.1% of men admitted to becoming sexually aroused from the exposure of their genitals to a stranger.[11]
A research team asked a sample of 185 exhibitionists, "How would you have preferred a person to react if you were to expose your privates to him or her?" The most common response was "Would want to have sexual intercourse" (35.1%), followed by "No reaction necessary at all" (19.5%), "To show their privates also" (15.1%), "Admiration" (14.1%), and "Any reaction" (11.9%). Only very few exhibitionists chose "Anger and disgust" (3.8%) or "Fear" (0.5%).[12]
Types of exposure
Various types of behavior are classified as exhibitionism,[1] including:
Mooning: the display of bare buttocks by pulling down of trousers and underwear. The act is most often done for the sake of humour, disparagement, or mockery.
Reflectoporn: the act of stripping and taking a photograph using an object with a reflective surface as a mirror, then posting the image on the Internet in a public forum.[14] Examples include "images of naked men and women reflected in kettles, TVs, toasters and even knives and forks".[15] The instance generally credited with starting the trend involved a man selling a kettle on an Australian auction site featuring a photograph where his naked body is clearly visible;[16] other instances followed,[17][18][19] and the specific term "reflectoporn" was coined by Chris Stevens of Internet Magazine.[20]
Streaking: the act of running naked through a public place. The intent is not usually sexual but for shock value.
Sexting: the act of sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, photographs, or videos.
Telephone scatologia: the act of making obscene phone calls to random or known recipients. Some researchers have claimed that this is a variant of exhibitionism, even though it has no in-person physical component.[21][22]
The DSM-5 diagnosis for exhibitionistic disorder has three subtypes: exhibitionists interested in exposing themselves to non-consenting adults, to prepubescent children, or to both.[10]
^ abBaunach, Dawn Michelle (2010). "Exhibitionism". Sex and Society. New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 220. ISBN978-0-7614-7906-2. from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
^. Rutgerspress.rutgers.edu. 23 September 1977. Archived from the original on 20 November 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
^Herodotus. The Histories. Trans. R. Waterfield. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998. Book Two, Chapter 60, Page 119.
^Bloch, Iwan (1914). "Fall von Exhibitionismus im 16. Jahrhundert". Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft (Born): i.289.
^Rooth, F.G. (1970). "Some Historical Notes on Indecent Exposure and Exhibitionism". The Medico-Legal Journal. Part 4. 38 (4): 135–139. doi:10.1177/002581727003800405. PMID 4923872. S2CID 41064094.
^Hart, Matt. "Being naked on the internet: young people's selfies as intimate edgework." Journal of Youth Studies (2016): 1-15.
^Lasègue C. Les Exhibitionistes. L'Union Médicale (Paris), series 3, vol. 23; 1877. Pages 709–714.
^Aggrawal 2009, p. 388. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAggrawal2009 (help)
^Janssen, D.F. (2020). ""Exhibitionism": Historical Note". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 49 (1): 41–46. doi:10.1007/s10508-019-01566-0. ISSN 0004-0002. PMID 31667641. S2CID 204973943.
^ abAmerican Psychiatric Association, ed. (2013). "Exhibitionistic Disorder, 302.4 (F65.2)". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 689–691.
^Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan (2014). Abnormal Psychology (6th ed.). New York City, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. p. 384.
^Freund, K.; Watson, R. & Rienzo, D. (1988). "The value of self-reports in the study of voyeurism and exhibitionism". Annals of Sex Research. 1 (2): 243–262. doi:10.1007/BF00852800. S2CID 198916532. from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2010.
^"Psychologist Anywhere Anytime". Psychologist Anywhere Anytime. from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
^"'Reflectoporn' Hits Auction Site". The Mirror. 9 September 2003. from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
^"Today's media stories from the papers". The Guardian. 9 September 2003. from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
^"Urban Legends Reference Pages: Indecent Exposure". Snopes.com. 3 April 2002. from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
^"Nude eBayer flashes 19in monitor". The Register. 1 July 2005. from the original on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
^"eBayer goes for bust in ashtray auction". The Register. 19 June 2006. from the original on 11 August 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
^"eBay in wing-mirror reflectoporn shocker". The Register. 14 July 2006. from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
^"Reflectoporn@Everything2.com". Everything2.com. 10 September 2003. from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
^Hirschfeld, M. (1938). Sexual anomalies and perversions: Physical and psychological development, diagnosis and treatment (new and revised ed.). London: Encyclopaedic Press.
^Nadler, R. P. (1968). "Approach to psychodynamics of obscene telephone calls". New York State Journal of Medicine, 68, 521–526.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Exhibitionism.
Nancollas, Chris (2012). Exhibitionism: The Biography: A Popular History of Performance and Display. London: Darton Longman & Todd. ISBN9780232529159. OCLC 1062174649.
January 07, 2023
exhibitionism, exposing, public, semi, public, context, intimate, parts, example, breasts, genitals, buttocks, practice, arise, from, desire, compulsion, expose, themselves, such, manner, groups, friends, acquaintances, strangers, their, amusement, sexual, sat. Exhibitionism is the act of exposing in a public or semi public context one s intimate parts for example the breasts genitals or buttocks The practice may arise from a desire or compulsion to expose themselves in such a manner to groups of friends or acquaintances or to strangers for their amusement or sexual satisfaction or to shock the bystander 1 Exposing oneself only to an intimate partner is normally not regarded as exhibitionism In law the act of exhibitionism may be called indecent exposure exposing one s person or other expressions Naked exhibitionist woman on Budapest street Contents 1 History 2 Psychological aspects 3 Types of exposure 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory Edit Women flashing publicly exposing their bare breasts at Woodstock Festival Poland 2011Public exhibitionism by women has been recorded since classical times often in the context of women shaming groups of men into committing or inciting them to commit some public action 2 The ancient Greek historian Herodotus gives an account of exhibitionistic behaviors from the fifth century BC in The Histories Herodotus writes that Mark Roberts a well known streaker at the Hong Kong Sevens Rugby tournament in 1994When people travel to Bubastis for the festival this is what they do Every baris carrying them there overflows with people a huge crowd of them men and women together Some of the women have clappers while some of the men have pipes which they play throughout the voyage The rest of the men and women sing and clap their hands When in the course of their journey they reach a community not the city of their destination but somewhere else they steer the bareis close to the bank Some of the women carry on doing what I have already described them as doing but others shout out scornful remarks to the women in the town or dance or stand and pull up their clothes to expose themselves Every riverside community receives this treatment 3 A case of what appears to be exhibitionism in a clinical sense was recorded in a report by the Commission against Blasphemy in Venice in 1550 4 In the UK the 4th draft of the revised Vagrancy Act of 1824 included an additional clause or openly and indecently exposing their persons which gave rise to difficulties because of its ill defined scope During the course of a subsequent debate on the topic in Parliament the then Home Secretary Mr Peel observed that there was not a more flagrant offence than that of indecently exposing the person which had been carried to an immense extent in the parks wanton exposure was a very different thing from accidental exposure 5 The development of new technologies such as smartphones and tablets has permitted some exhibitionists to reorient their methods such as with nude selfies 6 Psychological aspects Edit Charles Lasegue was the first to use the term exhibitionist in 1877 The term exhibitionist was first used in 1877 by French physician and psychiatrist Charles Lasegue 7 8 Various earlier medical forensic texts discuss genital self exhibition however 9 When exhibitionistic sexual interest is acted on with a non consenting person or interferes with a person s quality of life or normal functioning it can be diagnosed as exhibitionistic disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition DSM 5 The DSM states that the highest possible prevalence for exhibitionistic disorder in men is 2 to 4 It is thought to be much less common in women 10 In a Swedish survey 2 1 of women and 4 1 of men admitted to becoming sexually aroused from the exposure of their genitals to a stranger 11 A research team asked a sample of 185 exhibitionists How would you have preferred a person to react if you were to expose your privates to him or her The most common response was Would want to have sexual intercourse 35 1 followed by No reaction necessary at all 19 5 To show their privates also 15 1 Admiration 14 1 and Any reaction 11 9 Only very few exhibitionists chose Anger and disgust 3 8 or Fear 0 5 12 Types of exposure EditVarious types of behavior are classified as exhibitionism 1 including Anasyrma the lifting of the skirt when not wearing underwear to expose genitals Candaulism when a person exposes his or her partner in a sexually provocative manner Flashing the momentary display of bare female breasts by a woman with an up and down lifting of the shirt or bra or the exposure of a man s or woman s genitalia in a similar manner Martymachlia a paraphilia which involves sexual attraction to having others watch the execution of a sexual act 13 Mooning the display of bare buttocks by pulling down of trousers and underwear The act is most often done for the sake of humour disparagement or mockery Reflectoporn the act of stripping and taking a photograph using an object with a reflective surface as a mirror then posting the image on the Internet in a public forum 14 Examples include images of naked men and women reflected in kettles TVs toasters and even knives and forks 15 The instance generally credited with starting the trend involved a man selling a kettle on an Australian auction site featuring a photograph where his naked body is clearly visible 16 other instances followed 17 18 19 and the specific term reflectoporn was coined by Chris Stevens of Internet Magazine 20 Streaking the act of running naked through a public place The intent is not usually sexual but for shock value Sexting the act of sending receiving or forwarding sexually explicit messages photographs or videos Telephone scatologia the act of making obscene phone calls to random or known recipients Some researchers have claimed that this is a variant of exhibitionism even though it has no in person physical component 21 22 The DSM 5 diagnosis for exhibitionistic disorder has three subtypes exhibitionists interested in exposing themselves to non consenting adults to prepubescent children or to both 10 Woman flashing during Mardi Gras in New Orleans in 2008 Students mooning at Stanford University intended as an unspecified protest and a world record attemptSee also Edit Human sexuality portal Nudity portalCyberflashing Dick pic Dogging sexual slang Histrionic personality disorder Human sexual activity Human sexuality Naturism Naked News Narcissism Nudity and sexuality Sexualization Sexual fetishism Sex positive feminism Spring break Sheela na gig Toplessness Upskirt Voyeurism Wardrobe malfunctionReferences Edit a b Baunach Dawn Michelle 2010 Exhibitionism Sex and Society New York Marshall Cavendish p 220 ISBN 978 0 7614 7906 2 Archived from the original on 2 May 2019 Retrieved 22 May 2017 Origin of the world Rutgerspress rutgers edu 23 September 1977 Archived from the original on 20 November 2012 Retrieved 1 August 2012 Herodotus The Histories Trans R Waterfield Oxford Oxford UP 1998 Book Two Chapter 60 Page 119 Bloch Iwan 1914 Fall von Exhibitionismus im 16 Jahrhundert Zeitschrift fur Sexualwissenschaft Born i 289 Rooth F G 1970 Some Historical Notes on Indecent Exposure and Exhibitionism The Medico Legal Journal Part 4 38 4 135 139 doi 10 1177 002581727003800405 PMID 4923872 S2CID 41064094 Hart Matt Being naked on the internet young people s selfies as intimate edgework Journal of Youth Studies 2016 1 15 Lasegue C Les Exhibitionistes L Union Medicale Paris series 3 vol 23 1877 Pages 709 714 Aggrawal 2009 p 388 sfn error no target CITEREFAggrawal2009 help Janssen D F 2020 Exhibitionism Historical Note Archives of Sexual Behavior 49 1 41 46 doi 10 1007 s10508 019 01566 0 ISSN 0004 0002 PMID 31667641 S2CID 204973943 a b American Psychiatric Association ed 2013 Exhibitionistic Disorder 302 4 F65 2 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition American Psychiatric Publishing pp 689 691 Nolen Hoeksema Susan 2014 Abnormal Psychology 6th ed New York City NY McGraw Hill Education p 384 Freund K Watson R amp Rienzo D 1988 The value of self reports in the study of voyeurism and exhibitionism Annals of Sex Research 1 2 243 262 doi 10 1007 BF00852800 S2CID 198916532 Archived from the original on 10 July 2008 Retrieved 20 March 2010 Psychologist Anywhere Anytime Psychologist Anywhere Anytime Archived from the original on 3 March 2021 Retrieved 1 August 2012 Reflectoporn Hits Auction Site The Mirror 9 September 2003 Archived from the original on 25 January 2022 Retrieved 28 July 2007 Today s media stories from the papers The Guardian 9 September 2003 Archived from the original on 27 March 2021 Retrieved 28 July 2007 Urban Legends Reference Pages Indecent Exposure Snopes com 3 April 2002 Archived from the original on 25 January 2022 Retrieved 1 August 2012 Nude eBayer flashes 19in monitor The Register 1 July 2005 Archived from the original on 13 August 2007 Retrieved 28 July 2007 eBayer goes for bust in ashtray auction The Register 19 June 2006 Archived from the original on 11 August 2007 Retrieved 28 July 2007 eBay in wing mirror reflectoporn shocker The Register 14 July 2006 Archived from the original on 10 August 2007 Retrieved 28 July 2007 Reflectoporn Everything2 com Everything2 com 10 September 2003 Archived from the original on 25 February 2021 Retrieved 1 August 2012 Hirschfeld M 1938 Sexual anomalies and perversions Physical and psychological development diagnosis and treatment new and revised ed London Encyclopaedic Press Nadler R P 1968 Approach to psychodynamics of obscene telephone calls New York State Journal of Medicine 68 521 526 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Exhibitionism Nancollas Chris 2012 Exhibitionism The Biography A Popular History of Performance and Display London Darton Longman amp Todd ISBN 9780232529159 OCLC 1062174649 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Exhibitionism amp oldid 1129288808, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
