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Wikipedia

American Broadcasting Company

The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American commercial broadcast television network. It is the flagship property of the ABC Entertainment Group division of The Walt Disney Company. The network is headquartered in Burbank, California, on Riverside Drive, directly across the street from Walt Disney Studios and adjacent to the Roy E. Disney Animation Building. The network's secondary offices, and headquarters of its news division, are in New York City, at its broadcast center at 77 West 66th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan.

American Broadcasting Company
TypeRadio and television network
CountryUnited States
Affiliates
Headquarters
Programming
Language(s)English
Picture format
Ownership
OwnerIndependent (1943–1953)
American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres (1953–1986)
Capital Cities/ABC (1986–1996)
The Walt Disney Company (1996–present)
Parent
Key people
History
FoundedMay 15, 1943; 79 years ago (1943-05-15)
Launched
  • Radio: October 12, 1943 (1943-10-12)
  • Television: April 19, 1948 (1948-04-19)
Founder
ReplacedBlue Network
Former namesNBC Blue Network
Links
Websiteabc.com

Since 2007, when ABC Radio (also known as Cumulus Media Networks) was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television. It is the fifth-oldest major broadcasting network in the world[citation needed] and the youngest of the American Big Three television networks. The network is sometimes referred to as the Alphabet Network, as its initialism also represents the first three letters of the English alphabet, in order.

ABC launched as a radio network in 1943, as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC, as well as the lesser-known DuMont. In the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres (UPT), a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlighting many successful series. In the 1980s, after purchasing an 80 percent interest in cable sports channel ESPN, the network's corporate parent, American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., merged with Capital Cities Communications, owner of several print publications, and television and radio stations. Most of Capital Cities/ABC's assets were purchased by Disney in 1995.

ABC has eight owned-and-operated and more than 230 affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories. Some ABC-affiliated stations can also be seen in Canada via pay-television providers, and certain other affiliates can also be received over-the-air in areas near the Canada–United States border, although most of its prime time programming is subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to protect rights held by domestically based networks. ABC News provides news and features content for select radio stations owned by Cumulus Media, as these stations are former ABC Radio properties.

History

In 1927, NBC-operated radio network was called the NBC Blue Network. It would later on become an independent radio (and, eventually, television) network known as the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in 1943. ABC later joined United Paramount Theatres forming American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres (later American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.).

After its venture into radio and television throughout the 1960s and 1970s and the purchase of ESPN Inc. in 1982, the company would later be acquired/merged with Capital Cities, forming Capital Cities/ABC in 1985. The company ultimately sold to The Walt Disney Company in 1995.

Programming

The ABC television network provides 89 hours of regularly scheduled network programming each week.[when?] In addition, it offers 22 hours of prime-time programming to affiliated stations from 8:00 to 11:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday (Eastern and Pacific Time) and 7:00–11:00 p.m. on Sundays.

Daytime programming is also provided from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific weekdays (subtract 1 hour for all other time zones) (with a one-hour break at 12:00 p.m. Eastern/Pacific for stations to air newscasts, locally produced programming or syndicated programs) featuring the talk-lifestyle shows The View and GMA3: What You Need To Know, and the soap opera General Hospital. In addition, ABC News programming includes Good Morning America from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. weekdays and Saturdays (along with one-hour Sunday editions); nightly editions of ABC World News Tonight (whose weekend editions are occasionally subject to abbreviation or preemption due to sports telecasts overrunning into the program's timeslot), the Sunday political talk show This Week, early morning news programs World News Now and America This Morning and the late-night newsmagazine Nightline. Late nights feature the weeknight talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live!

The network's three-hour Weekend morning children's programming timeslot is programmed by syndication distributor Litton Entertainment, which produces Litton's Weekend Adventure under an arrangement in which the programming block is syndicated exclusively to ABC owned-and-operated and affiliated stations, rather than being leased out directly by the network to Litton.

Daytime

ABC's daytime schedule currently features the talk show The View, news show GMA3, and the soap opera General Hospital. Originally premiering in 1963, General Hospital is ABC's longest-running entertainment program.

In addition to the long-running All My Children (1970–2011) and One Life to Live (1968–2012), notable past soap operas seen on the daytime lineup include Ryan's Hope, Dark Shadows, Loving, The City and Port Charles. ABC also aired the last nine years of the Procter & Gamble-produced soap The Edge of Night, following its cancellation by CBS in 1975. ABC Daytime has also aired a number of game shows, including The Dating Game, The Newlywed Game, Let's Make a Deal, Password, Split Second, The $10,000/$20,000 Pyramid, Family Feud, The Better Sex, Trivia Trap, All-Star Blitz and Hot Streak.

Sports

Sports programming is provided on occasion, primarily on weekend afternoons. Since 2006, the ABC Sports division has been defunct, with all sports telecasts on ABC being produced in association with sister cable network ESPN under the branding ESPN on ABC. While ABC has, in the past, aired notable sporting events such as the National Football League (NFL)'s Monday Night Football, and various college football bowl games, general industry trends and changes in rights have prompted reductions in sports on broadcast television, with Disney preferring to schedule the majority of its sports rights on the networks of ESPN.[2][3] This changed in 2020 with occasional simulcasts of ESPN Monday Night Football broadcasts on ABC.[4]

ABC is the broadcast television rightsholder of the National Basketball Association (NBA), with its package (under the NBA on ESPN branding) traditionally beginning with its Christmas Day games, followed by a series of Saturday night and Sunday afternoon games through the remainder of the season, weekend playoff games, and all games of the NBA Finals. ABC is the broadcast television rightsholder of the National Hockey League (NHL), with its package (under the NHL on ESPN branding) beginning with the NHL Thanksgiving Showdown. In this deal, ABC will broadcast up to 10 regular season games (mostly afternoon), the NHL All-Star Game and 4 Stanley Cup Finals. During college football season, ABC typically carries an afternoon doubleheader on Saturdays, along with the primetime Saturday Night Football. ABC also airs coverage of selected bowl games. Beginning in the 2015 NFL season, ESPN agreed to begin simulcasting a wild card playoff game on ABC.[5]

The Saturday afternoon lineup outside of football season typically features airings of ESPN Films documentaries and other studio programs under the banner ESPN Sports Saturday, while Sunday afternoons usually feature either brokered programming, or encore and burn-off airings of ABC programs.

In 2015, ESPN's annual ESPY Awards presentation moved to ABC from ESPN. Bolstered by Caitlyn Jenner accepting the inaugural Arthur Ashe Courage Award during the ceremony, the 2015 ESPY Awards' viewership was roughly tripled over the 2014 ceremony on ESPN.[5][6]

After the NFL signed a new contract with The Walt Disney Company, ABC will air Super Bowl LXI in 2027. The network has not aired a Super Bowl since Super Bowl XL in 2006.

Specials

ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards, Emmy Awards,[a] American Music Awards, and the Country Music Association Awards.[b][7] ABC has also aired the Miss America competition from 1954 to 1956, 1997 to 2005, and 2011 to 2018.[8]

From 2001 to Feb. 2020, ABC held the television rights to most of the Peanuts television specials, having acquired the broadcast rights from CBS, which originated the specials in 1965 with the debut of A Charlie Brown Christmas (other Peanuts specials broadcast annually by ABC, in addition to A Charlie Brown Christmas, include It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown and A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving). Since 2020, all of the Peanuts TV specials were acquired by Apple TV+ while some of the specials were later moved to PBS under a sub-licensing agreement with Apple.[9][10] ABC also broadcasts the annual Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade special on Christmas morning.

Since 1974, ABC has generally aired Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve – a New Year's Eve special featuring music performances and coverage of festivities in New York's Times Square.[c] ABC is also among the broadcasters of the Tournament of Roses Parade (although as mentioned, the Rose Bowl Game now airs exclusively on ESPN as a College Football Playoff "New Year's Six" bowl).

Programming library

ABC owns nearly all of its in-house television and theatrical productions made from the 1970s onward, with the exception of certain co-productions (for example, The Commish is now owned by the estate of its producer, Stephen Cannell). Worldwide video rights are currently owned by various companies; for example, Kino Lorber owns the North American home video rights to the ABC feature film library (along with some lesser known live action films from Disney's library, mostly from Touchstone Pictures, Hollywood Pictures and 20th Century Studios).

When the FCC imposed its Financial Interest and Syndication Rules in 1970, ABC proactively created two companies: Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor, and ABC Circle Films as a production company. However, between the publication and implementation of these regulations, the separation of the network's catalog was made in 1973. The broadcast rights to pre-1973 productions were transferred to Worldvision, which became independent in the same year. The company has been sold several times since Paramount Television acquired it in 1999, and has most recently been absorbed into CBS Media Ventures (formerly CBS Television Distribution), a unit of Paramount Global, which own the competitor CBS. Nonetheless, Worldvision sold portions of its catalog, including the Ruby-Spears and Hanna-Barbera libraries, to Turner Broadcasting System (now a part of Warner Bros. parent company Warner Bros. Discovery) in 1991. With Disney's 1996 purchase of ABC, ABC Circle Films was absorbed into Touchstone Television, a Disney subsidiary which in turn was renamed ABC Studios in 2007.[11]

Also part of the library are most films in the David O. Selznick library, productions from their previous motion picture divisions ABC Pictures International, Selmur Productions, and Palomar Pictures International (before its takeover by Bristol-Myers-Squibb) released by Cinerama Productions (films produced by the company themselves are now under the control of Pacific Theatres), their later theatrical division ABC Motion Pictures, and the in-house productions it continues to produce (such as America's Funniest Home Videos, General Hospital, ABC News productions, and series from Disney Television Studios (ABC Signature and 20th Television). Disney–ABC Domestic Television (formerly known as Buena Vista Television and 20th Television) handles domestic television distribution, while Disney–ABC International Television (formerly known as Buena Vista International Television) handles international television distribution.

Stations

Since its inception, ABC has had over 300 television stations that have carried programming from the network at various times throughout its history, including its first two owned-and-operated and affiliated stations, founding O&O WABC-TV and inaugural affiliate WPVI-TV. As of 2020, ABC has eight owned-and-operated stations, and current and pending affiliation agreements with 236 additional television stations encompassing 50 states, the District of Columbia, four U.S. possessions, Bermuda and Saba.[12][13] This makes ABC the largest U.S. broadcast television network by total number of affiliates. The network has an estimated national reach of 97.72% of all households in the United States (or 305,347,338 Americans with at least one television set).

Currently, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Delaware are the only U.S. states where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate (New Jersey is served by New York City O&O WABC-TV in the north half of the state and Philadelphia O&O WPVI-TV in the south;[1] Rhode Island is served by New Bedford, Massachusetts-licensed WLNE, though outside of the transmitter, all other operations for the station are based in Providence;[2] and Delaware is served by WPVI in the northern two thirds and Salisbury, Maryland, affiliate WMDT in the southern third of the state).[3] ABC maintains affiliations with low-power stations (broadcasting either in analog or digital) in a few markets, such as Birmingham, Alabama (WBMA-LD), Lima, Ohio (WPNM-LD) and South Bend, Indiana (WBND-LD). In some markets, including the former two mentioned, these stations also maintain digital simulcasts on a subchannel of a co-owned/co-managed full-power television station.

The network has the unusual distinction of having separately owned-and-operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa, Florida (WFTS-TV and WWSB), Boston, Massachusetts (WCVB-TV and WMUR-TV), Lincoln, Nebraska (KLKN and KHGI-TV), and Grand Rapids, Michigan (WZZM and WOTV), with an analogous situation arising in Kansas City, Missouri (KMBC-TV and KQTV). KQTV is licensed to St. Joseph, which Nielsen designates as a separate market from Kansas City, despite a mere 55-mile (89 km) distance between the two cities and the Kansas City-based stations (including KMBC) providing better city-grade to Grade B coverage to the area compared to the signals of the primary ABC affiliates in the other aforementioned dual-affiliate markets. (KQTV was St. Joseph's lone major network affiliate until 2011, when locally based News-Press & Gazette Company began establishing low-power affiliates of ABC's four English-language competitors and Telemundo on three low-power stations to end St. Joseph's dependence on Kansas City.) WWSB, KHGI and WOTV, meanwhile, serve areas that do not receive an adequate signal from their market's primary ABC affiliate. (Of note, ABC initially affiliated with WWSB to cover southern portions of the Tampa–St. Petersburg market—including WWSB's city of license, Sarasota—as the transmitters of WTSP, the market's former primary ABC affiliate from 1965 to 1994, and Miami affiliate WPLG had been short-spaced to avoid interference between their respective analog-VHF channel 10 signals; WWSB remained an ABC affiliate after its Tampa affiliation moved from WTSP to WFTS in December 1994, even though WFTS's signal reaches Sarasota and some surrounding areas.)[relevant?][citation needed] WCVB-TV is licensed to Boston while WMUR-TV is licensed to Manchester, New Hampshire (which is officially part of the Boston market). WCVB is easily receivable in Manchester with a good antenna as well as having its own news department that covers New Hampshire; it is the only station licensed to the state that does such. Both WCVB and WMUR are owned by Hearst Television.

The Sinclair Broadcast Group is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total, owning or providing services to 28 full, primary ABC affiliates and two subchannel-only affiliates. Sinclair owns the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size, WABM-DT2/WDBB-DT2 in the Birmingham market, which serve as repeaters of WBMA-LD (which itself is also simulcast on a subchannel of former WBMA satellite WGWW, owned by Sinclair partner company Howard Stirk Holdings). The E. W. Scripps Company is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach, owning 15 ABC-affiliated stations (including affiliates in larger markets such as Cleveland, Phoenix, Detroit and Denver), and through its ownership of Phoenix affiliate KNXV, Las Vegas affiliate KTNV-TV and Tucson affiliate KGUN-TV, it is the only provider of ABC programming for the majority of Arizona (outside the Yuma-El Centro market) and Southern Nevada. Scripps also owns and operates several ABC stations in the Mountain and Pacific time zones, including in Denver, San Diego, Bakersfield, California, and Boise, Idaho, and when combined with the ABC-owned stations in Los Angeles, Fresno, and San Francisco, the affiliations from the News-Press & Gazette Company in Santa Barbara, Palm Springs, Yuma-El Centro, and Colorado Springs-Pueblo, and Sinclair's affiliations in Seattle and Portland, Oregon, these four entities control the access of ABC network programming in most of the Western United States, particularly in terms of audience reach.

Facilities and studios

All of ABC's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates have had their own facilities and studios,[citation needed] but transverse entities have been created to produce national programming. As a result, television series were produced by ABC Circle Films beginning in 1962 and by Touchstone Television beginning in 1985, before Touchstone was reorganized as ABC Studios in February 2007 and later renamed to its current name ABC Signature in August 2020. Since the 1950s, ABC has had two main production facilities: the ABC Television Center (now The Prospect Studios) on Prospect Avenue in Hollywood, California, shared with the operations of KABC-TV until 1999; and the ABC Television Center, East, a set of studios located throughout New York City.

In addition to the headquarters building on Riverside Drive, other ABC facilities in Burbank include a building at 3800 West Alameda, known as 'Burbank Center', which is primarily associated with Walt Disney Television and functions as the headquarters and broadcast center for Disney Channel, Disney Junior, Disney XD, Freeform, FX, National Geographic, and Radio Disney. Additionally, Disney Television Animation has a facility on Empire Avenue near the Hollywood Burbank Airport. In nearby Glendale, Disney/ABC also maintains the Grand Central Creative Campus, which houses other company subsidiaries, including the studios of KABC-TV and the Los Angeles bureau of ABC News.

ABC owns several facilities in New York grouped mainly on West 66th Street, with the main set of facilities on the corner of Columbus Avenue. In total, ABC's facilities occupy a combined 105,000 square feet (9,755 m2) of the 159,990 square feet (14,864 m2) of the blocks they encompass.[relevant?] This main set of buildings includes:

  • 77 West 66th Street, a 22-story building built in 1988 on a 175-by-200-foot (53 m × 61 m) plot;
  • A pair of buildings at 147–155 Columbus Avenue (ten and seven stories) connected by glass bays, constructed on a 150-by-200-foot (46 m × 61 m) plot;
  • 30 West 67th Street, a 15-story building with a facade on 67th Street on a 100-by-100-foot (30 m × 30 m) plot;
  • 55 West 67th Street, the former First Battery of the New York National Guard, a five-story building on a 174-by-100-foot (53 m × 30 m) plot.

ABC also owns 7, 17 and 47 West 66th Street, three buildings on a 375-by-100-foot (114 m × 30 m) plot.

Disney formerly leased 70,000 sq ft (6,500 m2) at 157 Columbus Avenue, on the other side of 67th Street.[14]

ABC also owns the Times Square Studios at 1500 Broadway, on land owned by a development fund for the 42nd Street Project. Opened in 1999, Good Morning America is broadcast from this facility. ABC News has premises on West 66th Street, in a six-story building occupying a 196-by-379-foot (60 m × 116 m) plot at 121–135 West End Avenue. The block of West 66th street between Central Park West and Columbus Ave. which houses the ABC News building was renamed Peter Jennings Way in 2006 in honor of the then-recently deceased news anchor.[15][relevant?]

On July 9, 2018, the Walt Disney Company announced that it was selling its two West 66th Street campuses (except for the National Guard Amory) to Silverstein Properties and purchasing one square block of property in lower Manhattan to build a new New York-based broadcast center.[16]

Related services

Video-on-demand services

ABC maintains several video-on-demand (VOD) services for delayed viewing of the network's programming, including a traditional VOD service called ABC on Demand, which is carried on most traditional cable and IPTV providers. The Walt Disney Company is also a part-owner of Hulu, and has offered full-length episodes of most of ABC's programming through this streaming service since July 6, 2009.[17]

In May 2013, ABC launched "WatchABC", a revamp of its traditional multi-platform streaming services encompassing the network's existing streaming portal at ABC.com and a mobile app for smartphones and tablet computers. This service provides full-length episodes of ABC programs and live streams of local affiliates in select markets (this was the first such offering by a U.S. broadcast network). However, live streams are only available to authenticated subscribers of participating pay television providers. WABC-TV New York and WPVI-TV Philadelphia were the first stations to offer streams of their programming on the service, with the six remaining ABC O&Os offering streams by the start of the 2013–14 season. Hearst Television also reached a deal to offer streams of its ABC affiliates on the service, though as of 2016 these stations are only available for live-streaming for DirecTV subscribers.[18][19]

In November 2015, it was reported that ABC had been developing a slate of original digital series for the WatchABC service, internally codenamed ABC3.[20] In July 2016, ABC re-launched its streaming platforms, dropping the WatchABC brand, adding a streaming library of 38 classic ABC series, and introducing 7 original short-form series under the blanket branding ABCd.[21]

The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on the ABC app, Hulu and ABC on Demand the day after their original broadcast. In addition, ABC on Demand disallows fast forwarding of accessed content. Restrictions implemented on January 7, 2014, restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program on Hulu and the ABC app until eight days after their initial broadcast, in order to encourage live or same-week viewing (via DVR and cable on demand), with day-after-air streaming on either service limited to subscribers of participating pay television providers using an authenticated internet account.

ABC HD

ABC HD
 
Programming
Language(s)English
Picture format720p (4:3/16:9)
History
LaunchedSeptember 16, 2001; 21 years ago (2001-09-16)
ClosedMarch 24, 2017; 5 years ago (2017-03-24)

ABC's master feed is transmitted in 720p high-definition, the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's American television properties. However, most of Hearst Television's ABC-affiliated stations and some of Tegna's ABC affiliates transmit the network's programming in 1080i, while 11 other affiliates owned by various companies carry the network feed in 480i standard definition[12] either due to technical considerations for affiliates of other major networks that carry ABC programming on a digital subchannel or because a primary feed ABC affiliate has not yet upgraded their transmission equipment to allow content to be presented in HD. Although ABC has not fully transitioned to 1080p or ultra HD, some stations such as ABC affiliate station KNXV-TV in Phoenix, Arizona, transmit the network's programming at 1080p via an ATSC 3.0 multiplex stations, such as KASW with KNXV-TV.

ABC began its conversion to high definition with the launch of its simulcast feed, ABC HD, on September 16, 2001, at the start of the 2001–02 season, with its scripted prime-time series becoming the first shows to upgrade to the format, the simulcast feed was launched first on ABC's owned television stations that same date with many major affiliates following after that. Both new and returning scripted series were broadcast in high definition. In 2011, Extreme Makeover: Home Edition was the last program on the network's schedule that was broadcast in 4:3 standard definition. All of the network's new programming has been presented in HD since January 2012. The affiliate-syndicated Saturday morning educational and informative (E/I) block Litton's Weekend Adventure was the first children's program block on U.S. network television to feature programs available in HD upon its September 2011 debut. The HD programming is broadcast in 5.1 surround sound.

On September 1, 2016, ABC began to use 16:9 framing for of its most graphical imaging (primarily the network's bug, in-program promotions and generic closing credit sequences as well as sports telecasts, where the BottomLine and scoreboard elements now extend outside the 4:3 frame), requiring its stations and pay television providers to display its programming in a compulsory widescreen format, either in high definition or standard definition. With this change, some programs also began positioning their main on-screen credits outside the 4:3 aspect ratio.

Visual identity

 
The first "ABC Circle" logo, designed by Paul Rand in 1962

The ABC logo has evolved many times since the network's creation in 1943. The network's first logo, introduced in 1946, consisted of a television screen containing the letters "T" and "V", with a vertical ABC microphone in the center,[22] referencing the network's roots in radio. When the ABC-UPT merger was finalized in 1953, the network introduced a new logo based on the FCC seal, with the letters "ABC" enclosed in a circular shield surmounted by a bald eagle.[22] In 1957, just before the television network began its first color broadcasts, the ABC logo consisted of a tiny lowercase "abc" in the center of a large lowercase letter a, a design known as the ABC Circle A.[22]

In 1962, graphic designer Paul Rand redesigned the ABC logo into its current and best-known form, with the lowercase letters "abc" enclosed in a single black circle. The new logo debuted on-air on October 19 of the same year, but it was not until the following spring that it was fully adopted. The letters are strongly reminiscent of the Bauhaus typeface designed by Herbert Bayer in the 1920s,[23] but also share similarities with several other fonts, such as ITC Avant Garde and Horatio, and most closely resembling Chalet. The logo's simplicity made it easier to redesign and duplicate, which was beneficial before the advent of computer graphics. A color version of the logo was also developed around 1963, and animated as a brief 10-second intro to be shown before the then-small handful of network programs broadcast in color (similar to the NBC "Laramie" peacock intro used during that era). The "a" was rendered in red, the "b" in blue, and the "c" in green, against the same single black circle. A variant of this color logo, with the colored letters against a white circle, was also commonly used throughout the 1960s.

The 1970s and 1980s saw the emergence of many graphical imaging packages for the network which based the logo's setting mainly on special lighting effects then under development including white, blue, pink, rainbow neon, and glittering dotted lines. Among the ABC Circle logo's many variants was a 1977 ID sequence that featured a bubble on a black background representing the circle with glossy gold letters, and was the first ABC identification card to simulate a three-dimensional appearance.[22]

In 1983, for the 40th anniversary of the network's founding, ID sequences had the logo appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan "That Special Feeling" in a script font.[22] Ten years later, in 1993, the "ABC Circle" logo reverted to its classic white-on-black color scheme, but with gloss effects on both the circle and the letters, and a bronze border surrounding the circle.[22] The ABC logo first appeared as an on-screen bug in the 1993–94 season, appearing initially only for 60 seconds at the beginning of an act or segment, then appearing throughout programs beginning in the 1995–96 season; the respective iterations of the translucent logo bug were also incorporated within program promotions until the 2011–12 season.

During the 1998–99 season, the network began using a minimalist graphical identity with a yellow and black motif, designed by Pittard Sullivan, featuring a small black-and-white "ABC Circle" logo on a yellow background (promotions during this time also featured a sequence of still photos of the stars of its programs during the timeslot card as well as the schedule sequence that began each night's prime time lineup).[22] A new four-note theme tune was introduced alongside the package, based around the network's then-new "We Love TV" image campaign from the 1998–99 season, creating an audio signature in comparative parlance to the NBC chimes, CBS's various four-note sound marks (including the current version introduced in 1992) and the Fox Fanfare. The four-note signature has been updated with every television season thereafter until 2020–21 season.

In 2000, ABC launched a web-based promotional campaign focused around its circle logo, also called 'the dot', in which comic book character Little Dot prompted visitors to "download the dot", a program which would cause the ABC logo to fly around the screen and settle in the bottom-right corner.[24] The network hired the Troika Design Group to design and produce its 2001–02 identity, which continued using the black-and-yellow coloring of the logo and featured dots and stripes in various promotional and identification spots.[25]

On June 16, 2007, ABC began to phase in a new imaging campaign for the upcoming 2007–08 season, "Start Here", accompanied by a glassy version of the ABC logo. Also developed by Troika, marketing used a series of icons intended to emphasize the availability of ABC content across multiple platforms, and sought to "simplify and bring a lot more consistency and continuity to the visual representation of ABC". On-air, the logo was accompanied by animated water and ribbon effects. Red ribbons were used to represent the entertainment division, while blue ribbons were used for ABC News.[26][27]

 
Glassy version of ABC logo used from 2007 to 2013
 
A gold-colored version of the ABC logo used from 2013 to 2018

ABC introduced a revision to its logo and branding by LoyalKaspar for the 2013–14 season; the logo carried a simpler gloss design than the 2007 version, and had lettering closer-resembling Paul Rand's original version of the circle logo. A custom typeface inspired by the ABC logotype, ABC Modern, was also created for use in advertising and other promotional elements. The logo was used in various color schemes, with a gold version used primarily for ABC's entertainment divisions, a red version used primarily for ESPN on ABC, steel blue and dark grey versions used primarily by ABC News, and all four colors used interchangeably in promotions.[28]

Upon a reimaging by The New Blank for the 2018–19 season, the blue, red, and yellow variants were dropped, with the dark grey version becoming ABC's main logo. Surrounding promotional elements adopted a circular "echo" motif and the new slogan "America's Network".[29]

 
A gray-colored version of the ABC logo used from 2013 to 2021, used as the main logo from 2018 to 2021

Another revision to the logo was introduced on August 9, 2021, ahead of the 2021–22 season. Designed by Trollbäck & Company, it is designed to adhere to flat design trends, and returns to a solid, two-dimensional design with smaller and bolder lettering. The main logo is rendered in a dark, blue-gray color; outlined and black-on-red variations are also used, such as for the on-screen bug and promotional usage respectively.[30][31]

The Circle 7 logo, designed in 1962, is also commonly associated with ABC affiliates who broadcast on channel 7, including its flagship local stations WABC-TV (New York City), KABC-TV (Los Angeles), KGO-TV (San Francisco) and WLS-TV (Chicago). This logo was intended to be used somewhat interchangeably by these stations with the main circular network logo and has itself also become an iconic symbol of the ABC network. KGO was the first of the ABC-owned stations to use the Circle 7 logo, starting on August 27, 1962; by the end of the year, the other ABC-owned stations began using the logo, and have continued to do so since.

International development

The first attempts to internationalize the ABC television network dates to the 1950s, when Goldenson tried to use the same strategies he had in expanding UPT's theater operation to the international market.[32] Goldenson said that ABC's first international activity was broadcasting the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953; CBS and NBC were delayed in covering the coronation due to flight delays.[33][34] Goldenson tried international investing, having ABC invest in stations in the Latin American market, acquiring a 51% interest in a network covering Central America and in 1959 established program distributor Worldvision Enterprises.[35] Goldenson also cited interest in Japan in the early 1950s,[36] acquiring a 5% stake in two new domestic networks, the Mainichi Broadcasting System in 1951 and TV Asahi in 1957.[36] Goldenson also invested in broadcasting properties in Beirut in the mid-1960s.[37]

The goal was to create a network of wholly and partially owned channels and affiliates to rebroadcast the network's programs. In 1959, this rerun activity was completed with program syndication, with ABC Films selling programs to networks not owned by ABC.[38] The arrival of satellite television ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries;[39] many governments also wanted to increase their independence and strengthen legislation to limit foreign ownership of broadcasting properties. As a result, ABC was forced to sell all of its interests in international networks, mainly in Japan and Latin America, in the 1970s.[40]

The second period of international expansion is linked to that of the ESPN network in the 1990s, and policies enacted in the 2000s by Disney Media Networks. These policies included the expansion of several of the company's U.S.-based cable networks including Disney Channel and its spinoffs Toon Disney, Playhouse Disney and Jetix; although Disney also sold its 33% stake in European sports channel Eurosport for $155 million in June 2000.[41] In contrast to Disney's other channels, ABC broadcasts in the United States with programming syndicated in other countries. The policy regarding wholly owned international networks was revived and on September 27, 2004, ABC announced the launch of ABC1, a free-to-air channel in the United Kingdom owned by the ABC Group.[42] However, ABC1 could not attain sustainable viewership[43] and was shut down in October 2007.[43]

Prior to the ABC1 closure, on October 10, 2006, Disney–ABC Television Group entered into an agreement with satellite provider Dish TV to carry its ABC News Now channel in India.[44] However, this operation was not put into effect.

Australia

In Australia, the Nine Network maintained close ties with ABC and has used a majority of the U.S. network's image campaigns and slogans since the 1970s; in particular, "Still the One", ABC's slogan it adopted for the 1977–78 television season and again for the 1979–80 television season, was adopted by Nine for the 1978 Australian television season (before, Nine also used ABC's "Let Us Be the One" slogan), and lasted longer ever since it was re-adopted in 1980—it was Nine's main slogan until it was replaced in December 2006, only to be reintroduced in November 2021. ABC's other slogans were also adopted by Nine during the 1980–2006 period, as secondary slogans complementing the "Still the One" slogan.[citation needed]

Canada

Most Canadians have access to at least one U.S.-based ABC affiliate, either over-the-air (in areas located within proximity of the Canada–United States border) or through a cable, satellite or IPTV provider. Most ABC programs are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations imposed by the CRTC, which require television service providers to replace an American station's signal with the feed of a Canadian broadcaster carrying the same syndicated program to protect domestic programming rights and advertising revenue.

Mexico

Like Canada, ABC programming is available in Mexico through free-to-air affiliates in markets located within proximity to the Mexico–United States border whose signals are readily receivable over-the-air in border areas of northern Mexico.

Film production

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Broadcast rights to the Emmy Awards are rotated across all four major networks on a year-to-year basis
  2. ^ Along with two associated specials, the CMA Music Festival and CMA Country Christmas.
  3. ^ The only exception was in 1999, when ABC instead broadcast ABC 2000 Today, a day-long telecast produced by ABC News as part of the 2000 Today consortium, which was hosted by Peter Jennings and covered festivities from around the world (Dick Clark co-hosted coverage from Times Square).

References

  1. ^ Low, Elaine (November 10, 2020). "Disney Reorganizes TV and Streaming Content Units Under Peter Rice". Variety. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  2. ^ "Major sporting events are becoming even more dispersed across television". Awful Announcing. March 29, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  3. ^ Sandomir, Richard (January 4, 2011). "As Bowls Migrate to Cable, Viewership Is Just a Number". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
  4. ^ Bucholtz, Andrew (December 16, 2020). "It looks like ESPN/ABC might add Super Bowls and Monday Night Football flex scheduling in the next NFL TV deal". awfulannouncing.com. from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
  5. ^ a b Steinberg, Brian (May 12, 2015). "ESPN To Share Football, ESPYs With ABC". Variety. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
  6. ^ Kissell, Rick (July 16, 2015). "Ratings: ESPY Awards Soar on ABC; CBS' 'Big Brother' Steady". Variety. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
  7. ^ "24kGoldn & Iann Dior's 'Mood' No. 1 on Hot 100 for Fourth Week, Becomes Most-Streamed Song for First Time". Billboard. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  8. ^ . Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
  9. ^ Hardy, DC (October 19, 2020). "It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown and other Peanuts specials come to Apple TV+". Cult of Mac. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  10. ^ Adalian, Josef (October 19, 2020). "Apple TV+ Says: Welcome, Great Pumpkin". Vulture. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  11. ^ Fixmer, Andy (April 25, 2007). . Bloomberg, L.P. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  12. ^ a b "Stations for Network – ABC". RabbitEars.info. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
  13. ^ "Network Profile: ABC". Station Index.
  14. ^ Barbarino, Al. "Brodsky to Renovate 157 Columbus Avenue Following Disney Departure". Commercial Observer. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  15. ^ Eggerton, John (February 21, 2006). "ABC Block Re-Named "Peter Jennings Way"". Broadcasting & Cable. NewBay Media. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
  16. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (July 9, 2018). "Disney Will Move New York Operations to Lower Manhattan". The New York Times. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
  17. ^ Paul, Ian (July 6, 2009). "ABC Arrives on Hulu (Finally!)". PCWorld. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
  18. ^ "ABC to Stream Live Via App". Variety. Retrieved June 1, 2013.
  19. ^ "Watch ABC app with live TV streaming comes to Kindle Fire, but not Google Play". Engadget. May 31, 2013. Retrieved June 1, 2013.
  20. ^ Wallenstein, Andrew (November 12, 2015). "ABC Lines Up Original Series for New Streaming Effort". Variety. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  21. ^ Spangler, Todd. "With 7 Short-Form Originals, Full Seasons of 38 Older Shows". Variety. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g . TV Network Extravaganza. Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2013.
  23. ^ Gernsheimer 2010, p. 43.
  24. ^ Elliott, Stuart (October 2, 2000). "ABC tries to bring its longtime 'dot' logo into prominence with a new campaign". The New York Times.
  25. ^ Lupton, Ellen (March 1, 2003). Inside design now: National Design Triennial. p. 180. ISBN 9781568983950.
  26. ^ . ABC News. May 17, 2007. Archived from the original on October 16, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
  27. ^ . TV Week. Archived from the original on March 24, 2014. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  28. ^ . loyalkaspar. Archived from the original on August 19, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
  29. ^ "ABC 2018 Network Rebrand". The New Blank. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  30. ^ "ABC begins switching over to new logo on air". NewscastStudio. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  31. ^ Coggan, Georgia (June 1, 2021). "ABC has a new logo (and it feels like déjà vu)". Creative Bloq. from the original on June 1, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  32. ^ Goldenson & Wolf 1991–1993, p. 214.
  33. ^ Goldenson & Wolf 1991–1993, pp. 215–216.
  34. ^ "Networks Vie for "First" Honors As Radio-TV Cover the Coronation" (PDF). Broadcasting/Telecasting. June 8, 1953. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  35. ^ Goldenson & Wolf 1991–1993, p. 217.
  36. ^ a b Goldenson & Wolf 1991–1993, p. 221.
  37. ^ Goldenson & Wolf 1991–1993, p. 223.
  38. ^ Goldenson & Wolf 1991–1993, p. 227.
  39. ^ Goldenson & Wolf 1991–1993, p. 231.
  40. ^ Goldenson & Wolf 1991–1993, p. 232.
  41. ^ (PDF). The Walt Disney Company. p. 65. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2006.
  42. ^ (PDF). The Walt Disney Company. February 4, 2005. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2005. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  43. ^ a b . Netcot.com. September 8, 2007. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013.
  44. ^ "India will get ABC News Now". Deseret News. October 10, 2006. Retrieved February 16, 2022.

Further reading

External links

  • Official website  
  • Unofficial history of ABC's East Coast production facilities and West Coast production facilities

american, broadcasting, company, alphabet, network, redirect, here, other, uses, american, baptist, churches, television, television, network, redirects, here, other, television, networks, also, called, disambiguation, broadcasting, american, commercial, broad. ABC USA and Alphabet Network redirect here For other uses see American Baptist Churches USA and ABC Television ABC Television Network redirects here For other television networks also called ABC see ABC disambiguation Broadcasting The American Broadcasting Company ABC is an American commercial broadcast television network It is the flagship property of the ABC Entertainment Group division of The Walt Disney Company The network is headquartered in Burbank California on Riverside Drive directly across the street from Walt Disney Studios and adjacent to the Roy E Disney Animation Building The network s secondary offices and headquarters of its news division are in New York City at its broadcast center at 77 West 66th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan American Broadcasting CompanyTypeRadio and television networkCountryUnited StatesAffiliatesStateMarketHeadquartersBurbank CaliforniaManhattan New York CityProgrammingLanguage s EnglishPicture format480i SDTV 720p HDTV upscaled to 1080i or distributed in 1080p via ATSC 3 0 in some marketsOwnershipOwnerIndependent 1943 1953 American Broadcasting Paramount Theatres 1953 1986 Capital Cities ABC 1986 1996 The Walt Disney Company 1996 present ParentABC Entertainment Group Disney General Entertainment Content 1 Key peopleDana WaldenCraig ErwichKimberly GodwinHistoryFoundedMay 15 1943 79 years ago 1943 05 15 LaunchedRadio October 12 1943 1943 10 12 Television April 19 1948 1948 04 19 FounderEdward J NobleLouis BlancheReplacedBlue NetworkFormer namesNBC Blue NetworkLinksWebsiteabc wbr comSince 2007 when ABC Radio also known as Cumulus Media Networks was sold to Citadel Broadcasting ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television It is the fifth oldest major broadcasting network in the world citation needed and the youngest of the American Big Three television networks The network is sometimes referred to as the Alphabet Network as its initialism also represents the first three letters of the English alphabet in order ABC launched as a radio network in 1943 as the successor to the NBC Blue Network which had been purchased by Edward J Noble It extended its operations to television in 1948 following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC as well as the lesser known DuMont In the mid 1950s ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres UPT a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures Leonard Goldenson who had been the head of UPT made the new television network profitable by helping develop and greenlighting many successful series In the 1980s after purchasing an 80 percent interest in cable sports channel ESPN the network s corporate parent American Broadcasting Companies Inc merged with Capital Cities Communications owner of several print publications and television and radio stations Most of Capital Cities ABC s assets were purchased by Disney in 1995 ABC has eight owned and operated and more than 230 affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories Some ABC affiliated stations can also be seen in Canada via pay television providers and certain other affiliates can also be received over the air in areas near the Canada United States border although most of its prime time programming is subject to simultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by the Canadian Radio television and Telecommunications Commission CRTC to protect rights held by domestically based networks ABC News provides news and features content for select radio stations owned by Cumulus Media as these stations are former ABC Radio properties Contents 1 History 2 Programming 2 1 Daytime 2 2 Sports 2 3 Specials 2 4 Programming library 3 Stations 4 Facilities and studios 5 Related services 5 1 Video on demand services 5 2 ABC HD 6 Visual identity 7 International development 7 1 Australia 7 2 Canada 7 3 Mexico 8 Film production 9 See also 10 Footnotes 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External linksHistory EditMain article History of the American Broadcasting Company In 1927 NBC operated radio network was called the NBC Blue Network It would later on become an independent radio and eventually television network known as the American Broadcasting Company ABC in 1943 ABC later joined United Paramount Theatres forming American Broadcasting Paramount Theatres later American Broadcasting Companies Inc After its venture into radio and television throughout the 1960s and 1970s and the purchase of ESPN Inc in 1982 the company would later be acquired merged with Capital Cities forming Capital Cities ABC in 1985 The company ultimately sold to The Walt Disney Company in 1995 Programming EditMain articles List of programs broadcast by American Broadcasting Company ABC News and ESPN on ABC The ABC television network provides 89 hours of regularly scheduled network programming each week when In addition it offers 22 hours of prime time programming to affiliated stations from 8 00 to 11 00 p m Monday through Saturday Eastern and Pacific Time and 7 00 11 00 p m on Sundays Daytime programming is also provided from 11 00 a m to 3 00 p m Eastern and Pacific weekdays subtract 1 hour for all other time zones with a one hour break at 12 00 p m Eastern Pacific for stations to air newscasts locally produced programming or syndicated programs featuring the talk lifestyle shows The View and GMA3 What You Need To Know and the soap opera General Hospital In addition ABC News programming includes Good Morning America from 7 00 to 9 00 a m weekdays and Saturdays along with one hour Sunday editions nightly editions of ABC World News Tonight whose weekend editions are occasionally subject to abbreviation or preemption due to sports telecasts overrunning into the program s timeslot the Sunday political talk show This Week early morning news programs World News Now and America This Morning and the late night newsmagazine Nightline Late nights feature the weeknight talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live The network s three hour Weekend morning children s programming timeslot is programmed by syndication distributor Litton Entertainment which produces Litton s Weekend Adventure under an arrangement in which the programming block is syndicated exclusively to ABC owned and operated and affiliated stations rather than being leased out directly by the network to Litton Daytime Edit Main article ABC Daytime ABC s daytime schedule currently features the talk show The View news show GMA3 and the soap opera General Hospital Originally premiering in 1963 General Hospital is ABC s longest running entertainment program In addition to the long running All My Children 1970 2011 and One Life to Live 1968 2012 notable past soap operas seen on the daytime lineup include Ryan s Hope Dark Shadows Loving The City and Port Charles ABC also aired the last nine years of the Procter amp Gamble produced soap The Edge of Night following its cancellation by CBS in 1975 ABC Daytime has also aired a number of game shows including The Dating Game The Newlywed Game Let s Make a Deal Password Split Second The 10 000 20 000 Pyramid Family Feud The Better Sex Trivia Trap All Star Blitz and Hot Streak Sports Edit Main article ESPN on ABC Sports programming is provided on occasion primarily on weekend afternoons Since 2006 the ABC Sports division has been defunct with all sports telecasts on ABC being produced in association with sister cable network ESPN under the branding ESPN on ABC While ABC has in the past aired notable sporting events such as the National Football League NFL s Monday Night Football and various college football bowl games general industry trends and changes in rights have prompted reductions in sports on broadcast television with Disney preferring to schedule the majority of its sports rights on the networks of ESPN 2 3 This changed in 2020 with occasional simulcasts of ESPN Monday Night Football broadcasts on ABC 4 ABC is the broadcast television rightsholder of the National Basketball Association NBA with its package under the NBA on ESPN branding traditionally beginning with its Christmas Day games followed by a series of Saturday night and Sunday afternoon games through the remainder of the season weekend playoff games and all games of the NBA Finals ABC is the broadcast television rightsholder of the National Hockey League NHL with its package under the NHL on ESPN branding beginning with the NHL Thanksgiving Showdown In this deal ABC will broadcast up to 10 regular season games mostly afternoon the NHL All Star Game and 4 Stanley Cup Finals During college football season ABC typically carries an afternoon doubleheader on Saturdays along with the primetime Saturday Night Football ABC also airs coverage of selected bowl games Beginning in the 2015 NFL season ESPN agreed to begin simulcasting a wild card playoff game on ABC 5 The Saturday afternoon lineup outside of football season typically features airings of ESPN Films documentaries and other studio programs under the banner ESPN Sports Saturday while Sunday afternoons usually feature either brokered programming or encore and burn off airings of ABC programs In 2015 ESPN s annual ESPY Awards presentation moved to ABC from ESPN Bolstered by Caitlyn Jenner accepting the inaugural Arthur Ashe Courage Award during the ceremony the 2015 ESPY Awards viewership was roughly tripled over the 2014 ceremony on ESPN 5 6 After the NFL signed a new contract with The Walt Disney Company ABC will air Super Bowl LXI in 2027 The network has not aired a Super Bowl since Super Bowl XL in 2006 Specials Edit ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards Emmy Awards a American Music Awards and the Country Music Association Awards b 7 ABC has also aired the Miss America competition from 1954 to 1956 1997 to 2005 and 2011 to 2018 8 From 2001 to Feb 2020 ABC held the television rights to most of the Peanuts television specials having acquired the broadcast rights from CBS which originated the specials in 1965 with the debut of A Charlie Brown Christmas other Peanuts specials broadcast annually by ABC in addition to A Charlie Brown Christmas include It s the Great Pumpkin Charlie Brown and A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving Since 2020 all of the Peanuts TV specials were acquired by Apple TV while some of the specials were later moved to PBS under a sub licensing agreement with Apple 9 10 ABC also broadcasts the annual Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade special on Christmas morning Since 1974 ABC has generally aired Dick Clark s New Year s Rockin Eve a New Year s Eve special featuring music performances and coverage of festivities in New York s Times Square c ABC is also among the broadcasters of the Tournament of Roses Parade although as mentioned the Rose Bowl Game now airs exclusively on ESPN as a College Football Playoff New Year s Six bowl Programming library Edit ABC owns nearly all of its in house television and theatrical productions made from the 1970s onward with the exception of certain co productions for example The Commish is now owned by the estate of its producer Stephen Cannell Worldwide video rights are currently owned by various companies for example Kino Lorber owns the North American home video rights to the ABC feature film library along with some lesser known live action films from Disney s library mostly from Touchstone Pictures Hollywood Pictures and 20th Century Studios When the FCC imposed its Financial Interest and Syndication Rules in 1970 ABC proactively created two companies Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor and ABC Circle Films as a production company However between the publication and implementation of these regulations the separation of the network s catalog was made in 1973 The broadcast rights to pre 1973 productions were transferred to Worldvision which became independent in the same year The company has been sold several times since Paramount Television acquired it in 1999 and has most recently been absorbed into CBS Media Ventures formerly CBS Television Distribution a unit of Paramount Global which own the competitor CBS Nonetheless Worldvision sold portions of its catalog including the Ruby Spears and Hanna Barbera libraries to Turner Broadcasting System now a part of Warner Bros parent company Warner Bros Discovery in 1991 With Disney s 1996 purchase of ABC ABC Circle Films was absorbed into Touchstone Television a Disney subsidiary which in turn was renamed ABC Studios in 2007 11 Also part of the library are most films in the David O Selznick library productions from their previous motion picture divisions ABC Pictures International Selmur Productions and Palomar Pictures International before its takeover by Bristol Myers Squibb released by Cinerama Productions films produced by the company themselves are now under the control of Pacific Theatres their later theatrical division ABC Motion Pictures and the in house productions it continues to produce such as America s Funniest Home Videos General Hospital ABC News productions and series from Disney Television Studios ABC Signature and 20th Television Disney ABC Domestic Television formerly known as Buena Vista Television and 20th Television handles domestic television distribution while Disney ABC International Television formerly known as Buena Vista International Television handles international television distribution Stations EditMain articles List of ABC television affiliates by U S state List of ABC television affiliates table and ABC Owned Television Stations Since its inception ABC has had over 300 television stations that have carried programming from the network at various times throughout its history including its first two owned and operated and affiliated stations founding O amp O WABC TV and inaugural affiliate WPVI TV As of 2020 update ABC has eight owned and operated stations and current and pending affiliation agreements with 236 additional television stations encompassing 50 states the District of Columbia four U S possessions Bermuda and Saba 12 13 This makes ABC the largest U S broadcast television network by total number of affiliates The network has an estimated national reach of 97 72 of all households in the United States or 305 347 338 Americans with at least one television set Currently New Jersey Rhode Island and Delaware are the only U S states where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate New Jersey is served by New York City O amp O WABC TV in the north half of the state and Philadelphia O amp O WPVI TV in the south 1 Rhode Island is served by New Bedford Massachusetts licensed WLNE though outside of the transmitter all other operations for the station are based in Providence 2 and Delaware is served by WPVI in the northern two thirds and Salisbury Maryland affiliate WMDT in the southern third of the state 3 ABC maintains affiliations with low power stations broadcasting either in analog or digital in a few markets such as Birmingham Alabama WBMA LD Lima Ohio WPNM LD and South Bend Indiana WBND LD In some markets including the former two mentioned these stations also maintain digital simulcasts on a subchannel of a co owned co managed full power television station The network has the unusual distinction of having separately owned and operated affiliates which serve the same market in Tampa Florida WFTS TV and WWSB Boston Massachusetts WCVB TV and WMUR TV Lincoln Nebraska KLKN and KHGI TV and Grand Rapids Michigan WZZM and WOTV with an analogous situation arising in Kansas City Missouri KMBC TV and KQTV KQTV is licensed to St Joseph which Nielsen designates as a separate market from Kansas City despite a mere 55 mile 89 km distance between the two cities and the Kansas City based stations including KMBC providing better city grade to Grade B coverage to the area compared to the signals of the primary ABC affiliates in the other aforementioned dual affiliate markets KQTV was St Joseph s lone major network affiliate until 2011 when locally based News Press amp Gazette Company began establishing low power affiliates of ABC s four English language competitors and Telemundo on three low power stations to end St Joseph s dependence on Kansas City WWSB KHGI and WOTV meanwhile serve areas that do not receive an adequate signal from their market s primary ABC affiliate Of note ABC initially affiliated with WWSB to cover southern portions of the Tampa St Petersburg market including WWSB s city of license Sarasota as the transmitters of WTSP the market s former primary ABC affiliate from 1965 to 1994 and Miami affiliate WPLG had been short spaced to avoid interference between their respective analog VHF channel 10 signals WWSB remained an ABC affiliate after its Tampa affiliation moved from WTSP to WFTS in December 1994 even though WFTS s signal reaches Sarasota and some surrounding areas relevant citation needed WCVB TV is licensed to Boston while WMUR TV is licensed to Manchester New Hampshire which is officially part of the Boston market WCVB is easily receivable in Manchester with a good antenna as well as having its own news department that covers New Hampshire it is the only station licensed to the state that does such Both WCVB and WMUR are owned by Hearst Television The Sinclair Broadcast Group is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total owning or providing services to 28 full primary ABC affiliates and two subchannel only affiliates Sinclair owns the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size WABM DT2 WDBB DT2 in the Birmingham market which serve as repeaters of WBMA LD which itself is also simulcast on a subchannel of former WBMA satellite WGWW owned by Sinclair partner company Howard Stirk Holdings The E W Scripps Company is the largest operator of ABC stations in terms of overall market reach owning 15 ABC affiliated stations including affiliates in larger markets such as Cleveland Phoenix Detroit and Denver and through its ownership of Phoenix affiliate KNXV Las Vegas affiliate KTNV TV and Tucson affiliate KGUN TV it is the only provider of ABC programming for the majority of Arizona outside the Yuma El Centro market and Southern Nevada Scripps also owns and operates several ABC stations in the Mountain and Pacific time zones including in Denver San Diego Bakersfield California and Boise Idaho and when combined with the ABC owned stations in Los Angeles Fresno and San Francisco the affiliations from the News Press amp Gazette Company in Santa Barbara Palm Springs Yuma El Centro and Colorado Springs Pueblo and Sinclair s affiliations in Seattle and Portland Oregon these four entities control the access of ABC network programming in most of the Western United States particularly in terms of audience reach Facilities and studios EditAll of ABC s owned and operated stations and affiliates have had their own facilities and studios citation needed but transverse entities have been created to produce national programming As a result television series were produced by ABC Circle Films beginning in 1962 and by Touchstone Television beginning in 1985 before Touchstone was reorganized as ABC Studios in February 2007 and later renamed to its current name ABC Signature in August 2020 Since the 1950s ABC has had two main production facilities the ABC Television Center now The Prospect Studios on Prospect Avenue in Hollywood California shared with the operations of KABC TV until 1999 and the ABC Television Center East a set of studios located throughout New York City In addition to the headquarters building on Riverside Drive other ABC facilities in Burbank include a building at 3800 West Alameda known as Burbank Center which is primarily associated with Walt Disney Television and functions as the headquarters and broadcast center for Disney Channel Disney Junior Disney XD Freeform FX National Geographic and Radio Disney Additionally Disney Television Animation has a facility on Empire Avenue near the Hollywood Burbank Airport In nearby Glendale Disney ABC also maintains the Grand Central Creative Campus which houses other company subsidiaries including the studios of KABC TV and the Los Angeles bureau of ABC News ABC owns several facilities in New York grouped mainly on West 66th Street with the main set of facilities on the corner of Columbus Avenue In total ABC s facilities occupy a combined 105 000 square feet 9 755 m2 of the 159 990 square feet 14 864 m2 of the blocks they encompass relevant This main set of buildings includes 77 West 66th Street a 22 story building built in 1988 on a 175 by 200 foot 53 m 61 m plot A pair of buildings at 147 155 Columbus Avenue ten and seven stories connected by glass bays constructed on a 150 by 200 foot 46 m 61 m plot 30 West 67th Street a 15 story building with a facade on 67th Street on a 100 by 100 foot 30 m 30 m plot 55 West 67th Street the former First Battery of the New York National Guard a five story building on a 174 by 100 foot 53 m 30 m plot ABC also owns 7 17 and 47 West 66th Street three buildings on a 375 by 100 foot 114 m 30 m plot Disney formerly leased 70 000 sq ft 6 500 m2 at 157 Columbus Avenue on the other side of 67th Street 14 Entrance of ABC s headquarters at 77 West 66th Street WABC TV buildings at 147 155 Columbus Avenue and behind 157 Columbus Avenue ABC facilities in the former First Battery of the New York National GuardABC also owns the Times Square Studios at 1500 Broadway on land owned by a development fund for the 42nd Street Project Opened in 1999 Good Morning America is broadcast from this facility ABC News has premises on West 66th Street in a six story building occupying a 196 by 379 foot 60 m 116 m plot at 121 135 West End Avenue The block of West 66th street between Central Park West and Columbus Ave which houses the ABC News building was renamed Peter Jennings Way in 2006 in honor of the then recently deceased news anchor 15 relevant On July 9 2018 the Walt Disney Company announced that it was selling its two West 66th Street campuses except for the National Guard Amory to Silverstein Properties and purchasing one square block of property in lower Manhattan to build a new New York based broadcast center 16 Related services EditVideo on demand services Edit ABC maintains several video on demand VOD services for delayed viewing of the network s programming including a traditional VOD service called ABC on Demand which is carried on most traditional cable and IPTV providers The Walt Disney Company is also a part owner of Hulu and has offered full length episodes of most of ABC s programming through this streaming service since July 6 2009 17 In May 2013 ABC launched WatchABC a revamp of its traditional multi platform streaming services encompassing the network s existing streaming portal at ABC com and a mobile app for smartphones and tablet computers This service provides full length episodes of ABC programs and live streams of local affiliates in select markets this was the first such offering by a U S broadcast network However live streams are only available to authenticated subscribers of participating pay television providers WABC TV New York and WPVI TV Philadelphia were the first stations to offer streams of their programming on the service with the six remaining ABC O amp Os offering streams by the start of the 2013 14 season Hearst Television also reached a deal to offer streams of its ABC affiliates on the service though as of 2016 update these stations are only available for live streaming for DirecTV subscribers 18 19 In November 2015 it was reported that ABC had been developing a slate of original digital series for the WatchABC service internally codenamed ABC3 20 In July 2016 ABC re launched its streaming platforms dropping the WatchABC brand adding a streaming library of 38 classic ABC series and introducing 7 original short form series under the blanket branding ABCd 21 The most recent episodes of the network s shows are usually made available on the ABC app Hulu and ABC on Demand the day after their original broadcast In addition ABC on Demand disallows fast forwarding of accessed content Restrictions implemented on January 7 2014 restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program on Hulu and the ABC app until eight days after their initial broadcast in order to encourage live or same week viewing via DVR and cable on demand with day after air streaming on either service limited to subscribers of participating pay television providers using an authenticated internet account ABC HD Edit ABC HD ProgrammingLanguage s EnglishPicture format720p 4 3 16 9 HistoryLaunchedSeptember 16 2001 21 years ago 2001 09 16 ClosedMarch 24 2017 5 years ago 2017 03 24 ABC s master feed is transmitted in 720p high definition the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company s American television properties However most of Hearst Television s ABC affiliated stations and some of Tegna s ABC affiliates transmit the network s programming in 1080i while 11 other affiliates owned by various companies carry the network feed in 480i standard definition 12 either due to technical considerations for affiliates of other major networks that carry ABC programming on a digital subchannel or because a primary feed ABC affiliate has not yet upgraded their transmission equipment to allow content to be presented in HD Although ABC has not fully transitioned to 1080p or ultra HD some stations such as ABC affiliate station KNXV TV in Phoenix Arizona transmit the network s programming at 1080p via an ATSC 3 0 multiplex stations such as KASW with KNXV TV ABC began its conversion to high definition with the launch of its simulcast feed ABC HD on September 16 2001 at the start of the 2001 02 season with its scripted prime time series becoming the first shows to upgrade to the format the simulcast feed was launched first on ABC s owned television stations that same date with many major affiliates following after that Both new and returning scripted series were broadcast in high definition In 2011 Extreme Makeover Home Edition was the last program on the network s schedule that was broadcast in 4 3 standard definition All of the network s new programming has been presented in HD since January 2012 The affiliate syndicated Saturday morning educational and informative E I block Litton s Weekend Adventure was the first children s program block on U S network television to feature programs available in HD upon its September 2011 debut The HD programming is broadcast in 5 1 surround sound On September 1 2016 ABC began to use 16 9 framing for of its most graphical imaging primarily the network s bug in program promotions and generic closing credit sequences as well as sports telecasts where the BottomLine and scoreboard elements now extend outside the 4 3 frame requiring its stations and pay television providers to display its programming in a compulsory widescreen format either in high definition or standard definition With this change some programs also began positioning their main on screen credits outside the 4 3 aspect ratio Visual identity Edit The first ABC Circle logo designed by Paul Rand in 1962 The ABC logo has evolved many times since the network s creation in 1943 The network s first logo introduced in 1946 consisted of a television screen containing the letters T and V with a vertical ABC microphone in the center 22 referencing the network s roots in radio When the ABC UPT merger was finalized in 1953 the network introduced a new logo based on the FCC seal with the letters ABC enclosed in a circular shield surmounted by a bald eagle 22 In 1957 just before the television network began its first color broadcasts the ABC logo consisted of a tiny lowercase abc in the center of a large lowercase letter a a design known as the ABC Circle A 22 In 1962 graphic designer Paul Rand redesigned the ABC logo into its current and best known form with the lowercase letters abc enclosed in a single black circle The new logo debuted on air on October 19 of the same year but it was not until the following spring that it was fully adopted The letters are strongly reminiscent of the Bauhaus typeface designed by Herbert Bayer in the 1920s 23 but also share similarities with several other fonts such as ITC Avant Garde and Horatio and most closely resembling Chalet The logo s simplicity made it easier to redesign and duplicate which was beneficial before the advent of computer graphics A color version of the logo was also developed around 1963 and animated as a brief 10 second intro to be shown before the then small handful of network programs broadcast in color similar to the NBC Laramie peacock intro used during that era The a was rendered in red the b in blue and the c in green against the same single black circle A variant of this color logo with the colored letters against a white circle was also commonly used throughout the 1960s The 1970s and 1980s saw the emergence of many graphical imaging packages for the network which based the logo s setting mainly on special lighting effects then under development including white blue pink rainbow neon and glittering dotted lines Among the ABC Circle logo s many variants was a 1977 ID sequence that featured a bubble on a black background representing the circle with glossy gold letters and was the first ABC identification card to simulate a three dimensional appearance 22 In 1983 for the 40th anniversary of the network s founding ID sequences had the logo appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background accompanied by the slogan That Special Feeling in a script font 22 Ten years later in 1993 the ABC Circle logo reverted to its classic white on black color scheme but with gloss effects on both the circle and the letters and a bronze border surrounding the circle 22 The ABC logo first appeared as an on screen bug in the 1993 94 season appearing initially only for 60 seconds at the beginning of an act or segment then appearing throughout programs beginning in the 1995 96 season the respective iterations of the translucent logo bug were also incorporated within program promotions until the 2011 12 season During the 1998 99 season the network began using a minimalist graphical identity with a yellow and black motif designed by Pittard Sullivan featuring a small black and white ABC Circle logo on a yellow background promotions during this time also featured a sequence of still photos of the stars of its programs during the timeslot card as well as the schedule sequence that began each night s prime time lineup 22 A new four note theme tune was introduced alongside the package based around the network s then new We Love TV image campaign from the 1998 99 season creating an audio signature in comparative parlance to the NBC chimes CBS s various four note sound marks including the current version introduced in 1992 and the Fox Fanfare The four note signature has been updated with every television season thereafter until 2020 21 season In 2000 ABC launched a web based promotional campaign focused around its circle logo also called the dot in which comic book character Little Dot prompted visitors to download the dot a program which would cause the ABC logo to fly around the screen and settle in the bottom right corner 24 The network hired the Troika Design Group to design and produce its 2001 02 identity which continued using the black and yellow coloring of the logo and featured dots and stripes in various promotional and identification spots 25 On June 16 2007 ABC began to phase in a new imaging campaign for the upcoming 2007 08 season Start Here accompanied by a glassy version of the ABC logo Also developed by Troika marketing used a series of icons intended to emphasize the availability of ABC content across multiple platforms and sought to simplify and bring a lot more consistency and continuity to the visual representation of ABC On air the logo was accompanied by animated water and ribbon effects Red ribbons were used to represent the entertainment division while blue ribbons were used for ABC News 26 27 Glassy version of ABC logo used from 2007 to 2013 A gold colored version of the ABC logo used from 2013 to 2018ABC introduced a revision to its logo and branding by LoyalKaspar for the 2013 14 season the logo carried a simpler gloss design than the 2007 version and had lettering closer resembling Paul Rand s original version of the circle logo A custom typeface inspired by the ABC logotype ABC Modern was also created for use in advertising and other promotional elements The logo was used in various color schemes with a gold version used primarily for ABC s entertainment divisions a red version used primarily for ESPN on ABC steel blue and dark grey versions used primarily by ABC News and all four colors used interchangeably in promotions 28 Upon a reimaging by The New Blank for the 2018 19 season the blue red and yellow variants were dropped with the dark grey version becoming ABC s main logo Surrounding promotional elements adopted a circular echo motif and the new slogan America s Network 29 A gray colored version of the ABC logo used from 2013 to 2021 used as the main logo from 2018 to 2021 Another revision to the logo was introduced on August 9 2021 ahead of the 2021 22 season Designed by Trollback amp Company it is designed to adhere to flat design trends and returns to a solid two dimensional design with smaller and bolder lettering The main logo is rendered in a dark blue gray color outlined and black on red variations are also used such as for the on screen bug and promotional usage respectively 30 31 The Circle 7 logo designed in 1962 is also commonly associated with ABC affiliates who broadcast on channel 7 including its flagship local stations WABC TV New York City KABC TV Los Angeles KGO TV San Francisco and WLS TV Chicago This logo was intended to be used somewhat interchangeably by these stations with the main circular network logo and has itself also become an iconic symbol of the ABC network KGO was the first of the ABC owned stations to use the Circle 7 logo starting on August 27 1962 by the end of the year the other ABC owned stations began using the logo and have continued to do so since International development EditThe first attempts to internationalize the ABC television network dates to the 1950s when Goldenson tried to use the same strategies he had in expanding UPT s theater operation to the international market 32 Goldenson said that ABC s first international activity was broadcasting the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953 CBS and NBC were delayed in covering the coronation due to flight delays 33 34 Goldenson tried international investing having ABC invest in stations in the Latin American market acquiring a 51 interest in a network covering Central America and in 1959 established program distributor Worldvision Enterprises 35 Goldenson also cited interest in Japan in the early 1950s 36 acquiring a 5 stake in two new domestic networks the Mainichi Broadcasting System in 1951 and TV Asahi in 1957 36 Goldenson also invested in broadcasting properties in Beirut in the mid 1960s 37 The goal was to create a network of wholly and partially owned channels and affiliates to rebroadcast the network s programs In 1959 this rerun activity was completed with program syndication with ABC Films selling programs to networks not owned by ABC 38 The arrival of satellite television ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries 39 many governments also wanted to increase their independence and strengthen legislation to limit foreign ownership of broadcasting properties As a result ABC was forced to sell all of its interests in international networks mainly in Japan and Latin America in the 1970s 40 The second period of international expansion is linked to that of the ESPN network in the 1990s and policies enacted in the 2000s by Disney Media Networks These policies included the expansion of several of the company s U S based cable networks including Disney Channel and its spinoffs Toon Disney Playhouse Disney and Jetix although Disney also sold its 33 stake in European sports channel Eurosport for 155 million in June 2000 41 In contrast to Disney s other channels ABC broadcasts in the United States with programming syndicated in other countries The policy regarding wholly owned international networks was revived and on September 27 2004 ABC announced the launch of ABC1 a free to air channel in the United Kingdom owned by the ABC Group 42 However ABC1 could not attain sustainable viewership 43 and was shut down in October 2007 43 Prior to the ABC1 closure on October 10 2006 Disney ABC Television Group entered into an agreement with satellite provider Dish TV to carry its ABC News Now channel in India 44 However this operation was not put into effect Australia Edit In Australia the Nine Network maintained close ties with ABC and has used a majority of the U S network s image campaigns and slogans since the 1970s in particular Still the One ABC s slogan it adopted for the 1977 78 television season and again for the 1979 80 television season was adopted by Nine for the 1978 Australian television season before Nine also used ABC s Let Us Be the One slogan and lasted longer ever since it was re adopted in 1980 it was Nine s main slogan until it was replaced in December 2006 only to be reintroduced in November 2021 ABC s other slogans were also adopted by Nine during the 1980 2006 period as secondary slogans complementing the Still the One slogan citation needed Canada Edit Most Canadians have access to at least one U S based ABC affiliate either over the air in areas located within proximity of the Canada United States border or through a cable satellite or IPTV provider Most ABC programs are subject to simultaneous substitution regulations imposed by the CRTC which require television service providers to replace an American station s signal with the feed of a Canadian broadcaster carrying the same syndicated program to protect domestic programming rights and advertising revenue Mexico Edit Like Canada ABC programming is available in Mexico through free to air affiliates in markets located within proximity to the Mexico United States border whose signals are readily receivable over the air in border areas of northern Mexico Film production EditMain article List of films produced by American Broadcasting CompanySee also Edit New York City portal Companies portal Television portal United States portal Disney portalABC Family Worldwide ABC Kids ABC Productions ABC Signature Children s programming on the American Broadcasting Company Lists of ABC television affiliates List of United States over the air television networks Litton s Weekend Adventure Walt Disney TelevisionFootnotes Edit Broadcast rights to the Emmy Awards are rotated across all four major networks on a year to year basis Along with two associated specials the CMA Music Festival and CMA Country Christmas The only exception was in 1999 when ABC instead broadcast ABC 2000 Today a day long telecast produced by ABC News as part of the 2000 Today consortium which was hosted by Peter Jennings and covered festivities from around the world Dick Clark co hosted coverage from Times Square References Edit Low Elaine November 10 2020 Disney Reorganizes TV and Streaming Content Units Under Peter Rice Variety Retrieved November 10 2020 Major sporting events are becoming even more dispersed across television Awful Announcing March 29 2017 Retrieved December 29 2018 Sandomir Richard January 4 2011 As Bowls Migrate to Cable Viewership Is Just a Number The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 29 2018 Bucholtz Andrew December 16 2020 It looks like ESPN ABC might add Super Bowls and Monday Night Football flex scheduling in the next NFL TV deal awfulannouncing com Archived from the original on December 17 2020 Retrieved July 21 2021 a b Steinberg Brian May 12 2015 ESPN To Share Football ESPYs With ABC Variety Retrieved January 4 2020 Kissell Rick July 16 2015 Ratings ESPY Awards Soar on ABC CBS Big Brother Steady Variety Retrieved January 4 2020 24kGoldn amp Iann Dior s Mood No 1 on Hot 100 for Fourth Week Becomes Most Streamed Song for First Time Billboard Retrieved February 15 2022 ABC TO BROADCAST MISS AMERICA IN ATLANTIC CITY NJ Associated Press Archived from the original on October 7 2013 Retrieved February 14 2013 Hardy DC October 19 2020 It s the Great Pumpkin Charlie Brown and other Peanuts specials come to Apple TV Cult of Mac Retrieved October 20 2020 Adalian Josef October 19 2020 Apple TV Says Welcome Great Pumpkin Vulture Retrieved October 19 2020 Fixmer Andy April 25 2007 Disney to Drop Buena Vista Brand Name People Say Update1 Bloomberg L P Archived from the original on October 19 2012 Retrieved November 28 2012 a b Stations for Network ABC RabbitEars info Retrieved October 30 2019 Network Profile ABC Station Index Barbarino Al Brodsky to Renovate 157 Columbus Avenue Following Disney Departure Commercial Observer Retrieved November 23 2013 Eggerton John February 21 2006 ABC Block Re Named Peter Jennings Way Broadcasting amp Cable NewBay Media Retrieved February 16 2022 Bagli Charles V July 9 2018 Disney Will Move New York Operations to Lower Manhattan The New York Times Retrieved July 31 2018 Paul Ian July 6 2009 ABC Arrives on Hulu Finally PCWorld Retrieved February 16 2022 ABC to Stream Live Via App Variety Retrieved June 1 2013 Watch ABC app with live TV streaming comes to Kindle Fire but not Google Play Engadget May 31 2013 Retrieved June 1 2013 Wallenstein Andrew November 12 2015 ABC Lines Up Original Series for New Streaming Effort Variety Retrieved August 1 2016 Spangler Todd With 7 Short Form Originals Full Seasons of 38 Older Shows Variety Retrieved August 1 2016 a b c d e f g The Evolution of ABC TV Network Extravaganza Archived from the original on March 31 2012 Retrieved November 20 2013 Gernsheimer 2010 p 43 Elliott Stuart October 2 2000 ABC tries to bring its longtime dot logo into prominence with a new campaign The New York Times Lupton Ellen March 1 2003 Inside design now National Design Triennial p 180 ISBN 9781568983950 TV Online A Glimpse of the Future at the Upfronts ABC News May 17 2007 Archived from the original on October 16 2008 Retrieved November 9 2008 ABC s New Graphic Cue Promotes Brand Across Platforms TV Week Archived from the original on March 24 2014 Retrieved March 24 2014 ABC Rebrand loyalkaspar Archived from the original on August 19 2013 Retrieved August 31 2013 ABC 2018 Network Rebrand The New Blank Retrieved September 26 2018 ABC begins switching over to new logo on air NewscastStudio Retrieved August 12 2021 Coggan Georgia June 1 2021 ABC has a new logo and it feels like deja vu Creative Bloq Archived from the original on June 1 2021 Retrieved August 12 2021 Goldenson amp Wolf 1991 1993 p 214 Goldenson amp Wolf 1991 1993 pp 215 216 Networks Vie for First Honors As Radio TV Cover the Coronation PDF Broadcasting Telecasting June 8 1953 Retrieved October 6 2017 Goldenson amp Wolf 1991 1993 p 217 a b Goldenson amp Wolf 1991 1993 p 221 Goldenson amp Wolf 1991 1993 p 223 Goldenson amp Wolf 1991 1993 p 227 Goldenson amp Wolf 1991 1993 p 231 Goldenson amp Wolf 1991 1993 p 232 Disney Annual Report 2000 PDF The Walt Disney Company p 65 Archived from the original PDF on June 16 2006 Disney Factbook 2004 Key Dates PDF The Walt Disney Company February 4 2005 p 9 Archived from the original PDF on March 4 2005 Retrieved January 24 2010 a b Disney Closes ABC1 in the United Kingdom Netcot com September 8 2007 Archived from the original on December 3 2013 India will get ABC News Now Deseret News October 10 2006 Retrieved February 16 2022 Further reading EditGernsheimer Jack 2010 Designing Logos The Process of Creating Symbols That Endure Allworth Communications Inc ISBN 978 1 58115 751 2 Goldenson Leonard H Wolf Marvin J 1991 1993 Beating the Odds The Untold Story Behind the Rise of ABC New York City Charles Scribner s Sons ISBN 0 684 19055 9 Higgins Steven 2006 Still Moving The Film and Media Collections of the Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art ISBN 0 87070 326 9 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to American Broadcasting Company Official website Unofficial history of ABC s East Coast production facilities and West Coast production facilities Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title American Broadcasting Company amp oldid 1131456586, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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