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Wikipedia

Carnegie Hall

January 15, 2023

Not to be confused with Carnegie Hill.
For other uses, see Carnegie Hall (disambiguation).

Carnegie Hall (/ˈkɑːrnɪɡi/ KAR-nə-ghee)[3][note 1] is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It is at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between West 56th and 57th Streets. Designed by architect William Burnet Tuthill and built by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, it is one of the most prestigious venues in the world for both classical music and popular music. Carnegie Hall has its own artistic programming, development, and marketing departments and presents about 250 performances each season. It is also rented out to performing groups.

Carnegie Hall
Address881 Seventh Avenue (at 57th Street)
New York City
United States
Public transitSubway: 57th Street–Seventh Avenue ​​​
OwnerCity of New York
OperatorCarnegie Hall Corporation
TypeConcert hall
CapacityStern Auditorium: 2,804
Zankel Hall: 599
Weill Recital Hall: 268
Construction
OpenedApril 1891; 131 years ago (1891-04)
ArchitectWilliam Tuthill
Carnegie Hall
NYC Landmark No. 0278
Coordinates40°45′54″N 73°58′48″W / 40.76500°N 73.98000°W / 40.76500; -73.98000Coordinates: 40°45′54″N 73°58′48″W / 40.76500°N 73.98000°W / 40.76500; -73.98000
Architectural styleRenaissance Revival
NRHP reference No.66000535
NYCL No.0278
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966[1]
Designated NHLDecember 29, 1962[2]
Designated NYCLJune 20, 1967

Carnegie Hall has 3,671 seats, divided among three auditoriums. The largest one is the Stern Auditorium, a five-story auditorium with 2,804 seats. Also part of the complex are the 599-seat Zankel Hall on Seventh Avenue, as well as the 268-seat Joan and Sanford I. Weill Recital Hall on 57th Street. Besides the auditoriums, Carnegie Hall contains offices on its top stories.

Carnegie Hall, originally the Music Hall, was constructed between 1889 and 1891 as a venue shared by the Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Symphony Society. The hall was owned by the Carnegie family until 1925, after which Robert E. Simon and then his son, Robert E. Simon, Jr., became owner. Carnegie Hall was proposed for demolition in the 1950s in advance of the New York Philharmonic relocating to Lincoln Center in 1962. Though Carnegie Hall is designated a National Historic Landmark and protected by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, it has not had a resident company since the New York Philharmonic moved out. Carnegie Hall was renovated multiple times throughout its history, including in the 1940s and 1980s.

Site

Carnegie Hall is on the east side of Seventh Avenue between 56th Street and 57th Street, two blocks south of Central Park, in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City.[5] The site covers 27,618 square feet (2,565.8 m2). Its lot is 200 feet (61 m) wide, covering the entire width of the block between 56th Street to the south and 57th Street to the north, and extends 150 feet (46 m) eastward from Seventh Avenue.[6]

Carnegie Hall shares the city block with the Carnegie Hall Tower, Russian Tea Room, and Metropolitan Tower to the east. It is cater-corner from the Osborne apartment building. It also faces the Rodin Studios and 888 Seventh Avenue to the west; Alwyn Court, The Briarcliffe, the Louis H. Chalif Normal School of Dancing, and One57 to the north; the Park Central Hotel to the southwest; and the CitySpire Center to the southeast.[5] Right outside the hall is an entrance to the New York City Subway's 57th Street–Seventh Avenue station, served by the N, ​Q, ​R, and ​W trains.[7]

Carnegie Hall is part of an artistic hub that developed around the two blocks of West 57th Street from Sixth Avenue west to Broadway during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its opening in 1891 directly contributed to the development of the hub.[8][9][10] The area contains several buildings constructed as residences for artists and musicians, such as 130 and 140 West 57th Street, the Osborne, and the Rodin Studios. In addition, the area contained the headquarters of organizations such as the American Fine Arts Society, the Lotos Club, and the American Society of Civil Engineers.[11]

Architecture and venues

 
Original building at night

Carnegie Hall was designed by William Tuthill along with Richard Morris Hunt and Adler & Sullivan.[12][13] While the 34-year-old Tuthill was relatively unknown as an architect, he was an amateur cellist and a singer, which may have led to him getting the commission.[12] Dankmar Adler of Adler & Sullivan, on the other hand, was an experienced designer of music halls and theaters; he served as the acoustical consultant.[12][14] Carnegie Hall was constructed with heavy masonry bearing walls, as lighter structural steel framework was not widely used when the building was completed.[15] The building was designed in a modified Italian Renaissance style.[16][17][18]

Carnegie Hall is composed of three structures arranged in an "L" shape; each structure contains one of the hall's performance spaces. The original building, which houses the Isaac Stern Auditorium, is an eight-story rectangular building at the corner of Seventh Avenue and 57th Street. The 16-story eastern wing contains the Weill Recital Hall and is located along 57th Street. The 13-story southern wing, at Seventh Avenue and 56th Street, contains Zankel Hall. Except at the eighth floor, all three structures have floor levels at different heights.[19]

Facade

Carnegie Hall was designed from the outset with a facade of Roman brick.[16][20] The facade was decorated with a large amount of Renaissance details. Most of the exterior walls are covered in reddish brown brick, though decorative elements such as band courses, pilasters, and arches are made of terracotta.[16][17] As originally designed, the terracotta and brick were both brown, and the pitched roof was made of corrugated black tile,[17] but this was later replaced with the eighth floor.[19]

 
The main entrance has five arches at the first floor and its mezzanine, with another arcade above it.

The original section of the building is divided into three horizontal sections. The lowest section of the building comprises the first floor and the first-floor mezzanine, above which is a heavy cornice with modillions. The main entrance of Carnegie Hall is placed in what was originally the center of the primary facade on 57th Street. It consists of an arcade with five large arches, originally separated by granite pilasters.[17][21] An entablature, with the words "Music Hall Founded by Andrew Carnegie", runs across the loggia at the springing of the arches. The center three arches lead directly to the Stern Auditorium's lobby, while the two outer arches lead to staircases to upper floors. On either side of the main entrance are smaller doorways (one on the west and two on the east), topped by blank panels at the mezzanine. There are five similar doorways on Seventh Avenue.[21] The original backstage entrance is on 161 West 56th Street.[22]

On the third and fourth floors, above the main entrance, is a two-and-a-half story arcade on 57th Street with five round-headed arches. A balcony with a balustrade is carried on console brackets in front of this arcade.[21] Each arch has a horizontal terracotta transom bar above the third floor; two third-floor windows separated by a Corinthian column; and two fourth-floor windows separated by a pilaster. A broad terracotta frieze runs above the fourth floor, at the springing of the arches.[17][21] To either side of the arcade, there are two tall round-arched windows on the second floor; those on the east flank a blind arch.[21] There are pairs of pilasters on the fourth-floor mezzanine, above which is a string course. The Seventh Avenue facade is similar in design, but instead of window openings, there are blind openings filled with brick.[17][21] Additionally, the arcade at the center of the Seventh Avenue facade has four arches instead of five.[17]

The sixth floor, at the center of the 57th Street facade, contains five square openings, each with a pair of round-arched windows. On either side of these five openings, there are round-arched windows, arranged as in a shallow loggia.[17][21] There are four arched windows on the eastern portion of the sixth floor, as well as two arches on the west portion, which flank a blind arch.[21] A frieze and cornice run above this floor.[17] The seventh floor was originally a mansard roof.[18] As part of an 1890s alteration, the mansard was replaced with a vertical wall resembling a continuous arcade. The seventh floor is topped by balustrades with decorated columns. The flat roof was converted into a roof garden with kitchen and service rooms.[23][24] Carnegie Hall was also extended to the corner of Seventh Avenue and 56th Street, where a 13-story addition was designed in a similar style as the original building. The top of this addition contains a main dome, as well as smaller domes at its four corners.[24]

Venues

Main Hall (Stern Auditorium/Perelman Stage)

The Stern Auditorium is six stories high with 2,804 seats on five levels.[25][26] Originally known as the main auditorium, it was renamed after violinist Isaac Stern in 1997 to recognize his efforts to save the hall from demolition in the 1960s.[27] The main auditorium was originally planned to fit 3,300 guests, including two tiers of boxes, two balconies, and a parquet seating 1,200.[13][28] The main hall was home to the performances of the New York Philharmonic from 1892 until 1962.

Its entrance is through the Box Office Lobby on 57th Street near Seventh Avenue.[29] When planned in 1889, this entrance was designed with a marble and mosaic vestibule measuring 25 feet (7.6 m) high and 70 feet (21 m) long.[28][13] The entrance lobby is three stories high and had an organ loft at the top, which was converted into a lounge area by the mid-20th century.[19] The lobby ceiling was designed as a barrel vault, containing soffits with heavy coffers and cross-arches, and was painted white with gold decorations. At either end of the barrel vault were lunettes. The walls were painted salmon and had pairs of gray-marble pilasters supporting an entablature. The cross-arches had decorated cream-colored tympana.[21] The lobby was originally several feet above street level, but it was lowered to street level in the 1980s.[30][31] The rebuilt lobby contains geometric decorations evocative by the work of Charles Rennie Mackintosh, as well as Corinthian-style capitals with lighting fixtures.[32][33] The design also includes ticket windows on the south wall of the lobby. Past that, stairs on either side lead to the auditorium's parquet level; previously, stairs continued straight from the lobby to the parquet level.[30]

 
Isaac Stern Auditorium

All but the top level can be reached by elevator; the top balcony is 137 steps above parquet level.[34][35] The lowest level is the parquet level, which has twenty-five full rows of thirty-eight seats and four partial rows at stage level, for a total of 1,021 seats.[36] The parquet was designed with eleven exits to a corridor that entirely surrounded it; the corridor, in turn, led to the main entrance vestibule on 57th Street.[20] The first and second tiers consist of sixty-five boxes; the first tier has 264 seats, eight per box, and the second tier has 238 seats, six to eight per box.[36] As designed, the first tier of boxes was entirely open, while the second tier was partially enclosed, with open boxes on either end.[20] The third tier above the parquet is the Dress Circle, seating 444 in six rows; the first two rows form an almost-complete semicircle. The fourth and the highest tier, the balcony, seats 837. Although seats with obstructed views exist throughout the auditorium, only the Dress Circle level has structural columns.[36] An elliptic arch rises from the Dress Circle level; along with a corresponding arch at the rear of the auditorium, it supports the ceiling.[21]

The Ronald O. Perelman Stage is 42 feet (13 m) deep.[36] It was originally designed with six tiers that could be raised and lowered hydraulically.[28] The walls around the stage contain pilasters. The ceiling above the stage was designed as an ellipse, and the soffits of the ceiling were originally outfitted with lights.[21] Originally, there were no stage wings; the backstage entrance from 56th Street led directly to a small landing just below the stage, while the dressing room was above the stage. During a 1980s renovation, a stage wing, orchestra room, and dressing rooms were added and the access to the stage was reconfigured.[22]

Zankel Hall

Zankel Hall, on the Seventh Avenue side of the building, is named after Judy and Arthur Zankel, who funded a renovation of the venue.[37][38] Originally called simply Recital Hall, this was the first auditorium to open to the public in April 1891. It had a balcony, elevated side galleries, a beamed ceiling, and removable seats.[39] The space was an oratorio hall capable of accommodating over 1,000 people, and it could double as a banquet hall.[20][39] There was a full kitchen service,[39] as well as a dais on either side.[13][28] The space was originally designed with dimensions of 90 by 96 feet (27 by 29 m).[13] Following renovations made in 1896, it was renamed Carnegie Lyceum. It was leased to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1896, then converted into the Carnegie Hall Cinema in May 1961.[37][40] The venue became a performance space in 1997.[37][41]

The completely reconstructed Zankel Hall opened in September 2003.[42] It is accessed from Seventh Avenue,[41] where there is a marquee.[43][44] Two escalators lead to the balcony and orchestra levels.[41] The venue could be arranged with either a center stage, an end stage, or no stage.[43][45] This is accomplished through the division of the floor into nine sections, each 45 feet (14 m) wide with a separate lift underneath.[46] There are 599 seats in Zankel Hall,[26][40] spread across two levels. The parterre level seats a total of 463 and the mezzanine level seats 136. Each level has several boxes perpendicular to the stage; there are 54 seats in six boxes on the parterre level and 48 seats in four boxes on the mezzanine level. The boxes on the parterre level are raised above the level of the stage. Zankel Hall is accessible and its stage is 44 feet wide and 25 feet deep.[40]

Due to the limited space available on the land lot, the construction of Zankel Hall required excavating 8,000 cubic feet (230 m3) of additional basement space, at some points only 10 feet (3.0 m) under the Stern Auditorium's parquet level.[37] The excavations descended up to 22 feet (6.7 m) below the original space's floor and came as close as 9 feet (2.7 m) to the adjacent subway tunnel.[41] This also required the removal of twelve cast-iron columns holding up the Main Hall. In its place, a temporary framework of steel pipe columns, supporting I-beam girders and thick Neoprene insulation pads, was installed.[37][46] JaffeHolden Acoustics installed the soundproofing, which filters out noise from both the street and the subway.[47] An elliptical concrete wall, measuring 12 inches (300 mm) wide, surrounds Zankel Hall and supports the Stern Auditorium. The elliptical enclosure measures 114 feet (35 m) long and 76 feet (23 m) wide.[48] The walls are sloped at a 7-degree angle and contain sycamore paneling. The lighting and sound equipment is mounted from twenty-one trusses.[44]

Weill Recital Hall

The Joan and Sanford I. Weill Recital Hall is named after Sanford I. Weill, a former chairman of Carnegie Hall's board, as well as his wife Joan.[49] This auditorium, in use since the hall opened in 1891, was originally called Chamber Music Hall[50] and was placed in the "lateral building" east of the main hall.[20] The space later became the Carnegie Chamber Music Hall, and the name was changed to Carnegie Recital Hall in the late 1940s.[50] The venue was renamed after Joan and Sanford I. Weill in 1986,[51][52] reopening in January 1987.[50][46]

The recital hall is served by its own lobby, which contains a pale color palette with red geometric metalwork. Prior to a 1980s renovation, it shared a lobby with the main auditorium.[53] The Weill Recital Hall is the smallest of the three performance spaces, with a total of 268 seats.[40][54][55] The orchestra level contains 196 seats in fourteen rows, while the balcony level contains 72 seats in five rows.[55] The modern-day recital hall contains off-white walls and blue seats.[51][52] In the mid-20th century, the recital hall was decorated with red and gold, which was replaced in the 1980s with Palladian arches similar to those in the hall's original design. A proscenium arch made of plywood, as well as a paneled wall behind the stage, were installed after the recital hall's completion but were removed in the 1980s to improve acoustics.[51][54] The room has three chandeliers, which also amplify the room's acoustics.[51]

Other facilities

A boiler room was placed under the sidewalk on Seventh Avenue.[20] A small electric generation plant for 5,300 lamps was also planned.[13] At the ground level of the main hall, stores were installed in the 1940s.[56] The storefronts, as well as a restaurant at the corner of 57th Street and Seventh Avenue, were removed in a 1980s renovation.[53][57] Originally, there was a 150-seat dining room on the ground level below the Chamber Music Hall. Above the dining room, but below the venue itself, were parlors, cloak rooms, and restrooms.[20]

Above the Chamber Music Hall was a large chapter-room, a meeting room, a gymnasium, and twelve short-term "lodge rooms" in the roof.[20] The 56th Street side of Carnegie Hall was designed with rooms for the choruses, soloists, and conductors, as well as offices and lodge rooms. On the roof of the 56th Street section were janitors' apartments. Three elevators, two on the 57th Street side and one on the 56th Street side, originally served the building.[20] The addition at the corner of 56th Street and Seventh Avenue was arranged with offices, studios, and private music rooms.[23][24]

The eighth floor of the main hall, which contained studios, was installed after the complex was completed.[56] There were a total of 133[58] or 150 studios, many of which doubled as living quarters.[59][60] Over the years, personalities such as Leonard Bernstein, Isadora Duncan, Martha Graham, and Norman Mailer lived in the studios.[59][60] The spaces were designed for artistic work, with very high ceilings, skylights and large windows for natural light. Documents showed that Andrew Carnegie had always considered the spaces as a source of income to support the hall and its activities.[59] After 1999, the space was re-purposed for music education and corporate offices. In 2007, the Carnegie Hall Corporation announced plans to evict the 33 remaining studio residents, including celebrity portrait photographer Editta Sherman and fashion photographer Bill Cunningham.[61][62] The last resident, poet Elizabeth Sargent, moved out during 2010.[63]

The building also contains the Carnegie Hall Archives, established in 1986, and the Rose Museum, which opened in 1991. The Rose Museum is east of the first balcony of the Stern Auditorium and has dark makore and light anigre paneling with brass edges, as well as columns with brass capitals, supporting a coffered ceiling. The Rose Museum space is separated from two adjacent rooms by sliding panels.[64]

History

The idea for what is now Carnegie Hall came from Leopold Damrosch, the conductor of Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Symphony Society.[12][65] Though Leopold died in 1885,[65][66] his son Walter Johannes Damrosch pursued his father's vision for a new music hall.[12][65][67] While studying music in Germany in 1887, the younger Damrosch was introduced to the businessman Andrew Carnegie, who served on the board of not only the Oratorio Society but also the New York Symphony.[12][67] Carnegie was originally uninterested in funding a music hall in Manhattan, but he agreed to give $2 million after discussions with Damrosch.[12][56] According to architectural writer Robert A. M. Stern, the Music Hall was "unique in that it was free of commercial sponsorship and exclusively dedicated to musical performance".[12] At the time, New York City's performance halls were mainly clustered around 14th Street, while the area around 57th Street was still mostly residential.[68]

Development and opening

 
Andrew Carnegie, 1913

In early March 1889, Morris Reno, director of the Oratorio and New York Symphony societies acquired nine lots on and around the southeast corner of Seventh Avenue and 57th Street.[69][70] William Tuthill had been hired to design a "great music hall" on the site.[69][71] The Music Hall, as it was called, would be a five-story brick and limestone building, containing a 3,000-seat main hall with and several smaller rooms for rehearsals, lectures, concerts, and art exhibitions.[69][71] The New York Times said "The location for the music hall is perhaps rather far uptown, but it is easily accessible from the 'living' part of the city."[69] The Music Hall Company was incorporated on March 27, 1889, with Carnegie, Damrosch, Reno, Tuthill, and Stephen M. Kneval as trustees.[72][73] Originally, the Music Hall Company intended to limit its capital stock to $300,000, but this was increased before the end of 1889 to $600,000, of which Carnegie held five-sixths. The cost of the building was then projected to be $1.1 million, including the land.[74]

By July 1889, Carnegie's company had acquired additional land, with frontage of 175 feet (53 m) on 57th Street. The architectural drawings were nearly completed and excavations for the music hall had been completed.[13] The Henry Elias Brewery owned the corner of Seventh Avenue and 56th Street and originally would not sell the land, as its proprietor believed the site had a good water source.[39] Plans for the Music Hall were filed in November 1889.[14] Andrew Carnegie's wife Louise laid the cornerstone for the Music Hall on May 13, 1890.[75][76][77] Isaac A. Hopper and Company was the contractor in charge of building the Music Hall.[78][79] The Real Estate Record and Guide praised the building's design as "harmonious, animated without restlessness, and quiet without dullness."[17] In February 1891, Damrosch announced that he had created a subscription fund for a "permanent orchestra" that would perform mainly in the new Music Hall.[80][81]

The Recital Hall opened in March 1891 for recitals of the New York Oratorio Society.[82] It was around this time that tickets for the official opening of the Music Hall were being sold.[83] The oratorio hall in the basement opened on April 1, 1891,[84][39] with a performance by Franz Rummel.[85] The Music Hall officially opened on May 5, 1891, with a rendition of the Old 100th hymn, a speech by Episcopal bishop Henry C. Potter, and a concert conducted by Walter Damrosch and Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.[21][86] During the performance, Tuthill looked at the crowds on the auditorium's top tiers and reportedly left the hall to consult his drawings. He was uncertain that the supporting columns would withstand the weight of the crowd in attendance, but the dimensions turned out to be sufficient to support the weight of the crowd.[12][87] Tchaikovsky considered the auditorium "unusually impressive and grand" when "illuminated and filled with an audience".[12][88] The New York Herald praised the auditorium's acoustical qualities, saying "each note was heard".[12][89] The Music Hall had cost $1.25 million to construct[90] and was the second major performance hall in New York City, after the Metropolitan Opera House.[91]

Late 19th to mid-20th century

1890s to 1910s

 
Carnegie Hall in 1895

In May 1892, the stockholders of the Music Hall Company of New York discussed expanding the Music Hall into the site of a brewery at Seventh Avenue and 56th Street, which they had purchased about three months previously. The Music Hall Company also discussed enlarging the main auditorium's stage so it could accommodate operas.[92] By that September, the Music Hall's stockholders planned to enlarge the hall to accommodate operatic performances, following a fire that severely damaged the Metropolitan Opera House.[93][94] At the time, Morris Reno said the stage could not be modified until at least early 1893.[95] The Music Hall Company filed plans for alterations in December 1892. The plans called a tower of about 240 feet (73 m) at the corner of Seventh Avenue and 56th Street. In addition, the original building's mansard roof would become a flat roof, and the seventh story would be converted into a full story.[23][24]

The Philharmonic Society moved into the Music Hall in November 1892, drawing further crowds.[59] The studios atop the building were constructed shortly afterward, from 1894 to 1896.[59] The American Academy of Dramatic Arts moved into the basement recital hall in 1896, leasing the basement recital hall for the next fifty-four years.[39] Also during the mid-1890s, the Music Hall was renamed Carnegie Hall for its main benefactor.[56][68] According to Carnegie Hall archivist Gino Francesconi, the renaming occurred "so that it shouldn't be confused by European artists with a vulgar music hall".[96] During the early 20th century, Carnegie Hall accommodated many recitals and concerts because of its acoustic qualities.[97]

1920s to 1940s

 
Carnegie Hall in 1910

Carnegie Hall officials renovated the building in 1920, replacing its porte-cochère, overhauling the Philharmonic Society's office, and removing staircases for about $70,000.[98] By late 1924, the Carnegie Foundation was considering selling the hall to a private developer because of increasing financial deficits, which amounted to $15,000 a year.[99] At the time, the site was valued at $2.5 million,[100] and another performance venue in midtown, Aeolian Hall, had been sold for redevelopment.[99] In February 1925, Carnegie's widow sold the hall to a real estate developer, Robert E. Simon.[101] The sale agreement included a clause requiring that either Carnegie Hall would continue to operate as a performance venue for at least the next five years, or another performance venue would be erected on the site.[102][103] Simon said the hall would continue to operate for as long as it was profitable,[104] and he wished to restore the basement recital hall as well.[105]

Under Simon's ownership, a new organ was installed in Carnegie Hall[106] and dedicated in December 1929.[107] Robert Simon died in 1935.[108] Murray Weisman succeeded Simon as president of Carnegie Hall's board of directors, while the late owner's son Robert E. Simon Jr. became the vice president.[109][110] A bust of the senior Simon was installed in the lobby in 1936.[111][112]

The main hall was modified around 1946 during filming for the movie Carnegie Hall.[35][113] A hole was made in the stage's ceiling to allow the installation of ventilation and lights for the film. Canvas panels and curtains were placed over the hole, but the acoustics in the front rows became noticeably different.[113] In 1947, Robert E. Simon Jr. undertook renovations of the hall. The work was carried out by New York firm Kahn and Jacobs.[114][115]

Preservation

By the 1950s, changes in the music business prompted Simon to sell the hall. In April 1955, Simon negotiated with the New York Philharmonic, which booked a majority of the hall's concerts each year.[116] The orchestra intended to move to Lincoln Center once it had been built (at the time, plans to build it were still at an early stage).[117] Simon notified the Philharmonic that he would terminate the lease by 1959 if it did not purchase Carnegie Hall.[118] In mid-1955, longtime employee John Totten organized a fundraising drive to prevent the demolition of Carnegie Hall.[119] Meanwhile, the Academy of Dramatic Arts had moved out of the basement recital hall in 1954. The Academy's former space was rented for the time being to other tenants.[39][46]

Simon sold the entire stock of Carnegie Hall, Inc., the venue's legal owner, to a commercial developer, the Glickman Corporation, in July 1956 for $5 million.[117][120] With the Philharmonic ready to move to Lincoln Center, the building was slated to be replaced by a 44-story skyscraper designed by Pomerance and Breines.[121] The replacement tower would have had a red facade and would have been constructed on stilts, with art exhibits and other cultural facilities at the base.[122][121][123] However, Glickman was unable to come up with the $22 million that the construction budget for the skyscraper called for.[117] This, combined with delays in Lincoln Center's construction, prompted Glickman to decline an option to buy the building itself in July 1958.[124][125]

Meanwhile, soon after the sale, Simon started planning how to preserve the hall, and approached some of its resident artists-in-residence for help. Violinist Isaac Stern enlisted his friends Jacob M. and Alice Kaplan, as well as J. M. Kaplan Fund administrator Raymond S. Rubinow, for assistance in saving the hall.[117] In 1959, two hundred residents of Carnegie Hall's studios were asked if they wanted to buy the building.[126] Stern, the Kaplans, and Rubinow ultimately decided that the best move would be for the city government to become involved.[117] The move gained support from mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr., who created a taskforce to save Carnegie Hall in early 1960,[127][128] but Simon and his co-owners still filed eviction notices against some studio tenants.[129] The same year, special legislation was passed allowing the city government to buy the site from Simon for $5 million, and Simon used the money to establish Reston, Virginia.[130]

The city leased the hall to the Carnegie Hall Corporation, a nonprofit organization formed to run the venue.[117] For 15 years, the Carnegie Hall Corporation paid the New York City government $183,600 in cash, Afterward, the corporation started paying the city through benefit concerts and outreach programs.[131][84] Carnegie Hall was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962.[2][132][133] The landmark status was certified in 1964, and a National Historic Landmark plaque was placed on the building.[134][135] The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission also designated Carnegie Hall as a city landmark in September 1967.[18][136]

Deterioration and renovation

1960s and 1970s

A minor renovation of Carnegie Hall's interior, as well as a steam-cleaning of the facade, took place in mid-1960.[137] The basement recital hall became a movie theater called the Carnegie Playhouse. A screen was installed at the front of the former stage, while the balconies and side galleries were sealed.[39][46] The Carnegie Hall Cinema opened in May 1961 with a showing of the film White Nights by Luchino Visconti.[138][139] Carnegie Hall received a concert organ from the Netherlands in 1965, although the stage had to be renovated before the organ could be installed.[140] The installation of the organ was delayed several times, as opponents feared that the changes would damage the hall's acoustics.[141] Meanwhile, Carnegie Hall was profitable by the late 1960s, having consistently hosted about 350 shows a year during that decade.[141]

Carnegie Hall became a more popular destination in the 1960s and 1970s, in part because of complaints over acoustics in the new Philharmonic Hall.[131][84] The deficiencies with Carnegie Hall's facilities became more prominent after the latter's renovation.[131] Carnegie Hall began to deteriorate due to neglect, and the corporation faced fiscal deficits. By the mid-1970s, the venue suffered from burst pipes and falling sections of the ceiling, and there were large holes in the balconies that patrons could put their feet through. At the same time, operating costs had increased from $3.5 million in 1977 to $10.3 million in 1984, and the deficits had also risen accordingly.[57] Carnegie Hall's equipment included a rundown air-conditioning system that did not work in the summer.[142]

In 1977, the Carnegie Hall Corporation decided to stop allowing new residents for its upper-story studios; existing residents were allowed to continue living there.[143] The studios were instead offered mainly to commercial tenants, who could afford to pay higher rents.[144] This prompted protests from the existing tenants.[60][144] In 1979, the board of Carnegie Hall Corporation hired James Stewart Polshek and his firm, Polshek Partnership, to create a master plan for Carnegie Hall's renovation and expansion. Polshek found that Carnegie Hall's electrical systems, exits, fire alarms, and other systems were not up to modern building codes.[131] The next year, the Carnegie Hall Corporation and the New York City government signed a memorandum of understanding, which would permit the development of the adjacent site to the east, a parking lot.[32][145][146] In 1981, the federal government gave Carnegie Hall $1.8 million for the renovation; the city and Astor Foundation had previously given $450,000.[147]

1980s

The first renovations started in February 1982 with the restoration and reconstruction of the recital hall and studio entrance.[131] The lobby was lowered to street level, the box office was relocated behind the main auditorium, and two archways were added to the 57th Street facade.[32][148] A new lobby and dedicated elevator for the recital hall was also created.[53][149] The Carnegie Hall Corporation was also looking to develop a vacant lot immediately east of Carnegie Hall.[149][150] The renovation was complicated by the fact that some parts of the original plans had been lost.[32][131] A controversy also emerged when the Carnegie Hall Corporation started evicting longtime tenants of the hall's upper-story studios, particularly those who refused to pay steeply increased rents.[151][152] The first phase of the renovation was completed in September 1983 for $20 million.[53] A second phase included upgrades to mechanical systems, such as air-conditioning and elevators.[153][154][155]

 
Carnegie Hall Tower next to Carnegie Hall

As part of the third phase of renovations, a recording studio called the Alice and Jacob M. Kaplan Space was built within the old chapter room on the fifth floor, directly above the main hall.[154][155] The Kaplan Space opened in March 1985.[156] The corporation announced in May 1985 that the main hall and recital hall would be closed for several months. The corporation also started a fundraising drive to raise the $50 million needed to fund the renovation; more than half of the funding had already been raised at the time. A new structure designed by César Pelli, later to become the Carnegie Hall Tower, was planned for the lot immediately east of Carnegie Hall.[57][153][157] Further upgrades, which required the main and recital halls' closure, included upgrades to both halls, the lobby, the facade, backstage areas, and offices. The lobby was lowered to street level and doubled in size.[31][158]

The Landmarks Preservation Commission approved the proposed renovation in July 1985.[32][159] Renovation work began afterward. The project was complicated by the need to schedule construction around performances, the lack of a freight elevator, and the requirement that materials be replaced with close or exact replacements.[160] In April 1986, Carnegie officials announced their intent to sublease the vacant lot to Rockrose Development for the construction of Carnegie Hall Tower.[161][162][163] The following month, the hall closed completely for a seven-month renovation.[164][165] The hall's plaster decorations were restored, although the carpeting and seats were replaced.[154] That November, Carnegie Hall announced it would rename the recital hall after Joan and Sanford I. Weill, who not only were major donors to the renovation but also enlisted other donors to fund the project.[52][51] The Weill family had donated $2.5 million, more than any other donor in the hall's history.[52]

The main hall (including the Stern Auditorium) was reopened on December 15, 1986, with a gala featuring Zubin Mehta, Frank Sinatra, Vladimir Horowitz, and the New York Philharmonic.[166][167] The Kaplan Rehearsal Space was also created in 1986,[168] and the Weill Recital Hall opened in January 1987.[169][170] A month after the main hall reopened, New York Times music critic Bernard Holland criticized its acoustics, saying: "The acoustics of this magnificent space are not the same."[32][171] The Weill Recital Hall also received complaints about its acoustics, prompting Carnegie Hall officials to test out noise-absorbing panels in that space.[172] Several noise-absorbing panels were installed in the main hall in 1988,[32][173] but complaints continued for several years.[32] Critics alleged there was concrete underneath the stage, but Carnegie Hall officials denied the allegations. Isaac Stern offered to disassemble the stage on the condition that the critics pay for the repairs if no concrete was found.[174] Polshek Partners won the American Institute of Architects' Honor Award in 1988 for its renovation of the hall.[64]

1990s and early 2000s

During the late 1980s, Carnegie Hall had begun collecting items for the opening of a museum in the under-construction Carnegie Hall Tower.[175][176] The Rose Museum was founded in April 1991,[177][178] with its own entrance at 154 West 57th Street.[179] The East Room and Club Room (later renamed Rohatyn Room and Shorin Club Room, respectively[180]) were created the same year. Though the East and Club rooms were in Carnegie Hall Tower, they were connected to the original Carnegie Hall.[181] This represented the first new space added to Carnegie Hall since the studios were added in the late 1890s.[182] At the parquet level, Cafe Carnegie was also renovated.[64]

The stage of the main hall had begun to warp by the early 1990s, and officials disassembled the stage in 1995, where they discovered a slab of concrete.[32][174] John L. Tishman, president of Tishman Realty & Construction, which had renovated the stage in 1986, alleged that the concrete was there before the renovation.[32][183] The concrete was removed in mid-1995 while Carnegie Hall was closed for the summer;[184] soon afterward, critics described a noticeable change in the acoustics.[185]

In the basement, the Carnegie Hall Cinema operated separately from the rest of Carnegie Hall until 1997, when the hall's management closed the cinema, along with two shops on Seventh Avenue. In late 1998, Carnegie Hall announced that it would turn the basement recital hall into another performance venue, designed by Polshek Associates. The project was to cost $50 million; the high cost was attributed to the fact that the work would require excavations under the basement while concerts and other events were ongoing.[186] In recognition of a $10 million grant from Arthur and Judy Zankel, the new space was renamed after the Zankels in January 1999; the auditorium proper was named after Judith Arron, who donated $5 million.[43] Construction took place without disrupting performances or the nearby subway tunnel.[44] Zankel Hall had been planned to open in early 2003, but the opening date was postponed due to the city's economic difficulties after the September 11 attacks in 2001.[41][187] The excavations also raised the budget to $69 million.[187]

21st century

In June 2003, tentative plans were made for the Philharmonic to return to Carnegie Hall beginning in 2006, and for the orchestra to merge its business operations with those of the venue. However, the two groups abandoned these plans later that year.[188] Zankel Hall opened in September 2003.[41][189] Music critic Anthony Tommasini praised Zankel Hall's flexibility, though he said "the builders did not quite succeed in insulating the auditorium from the sounds of passing trains".[190] Architecturally, the space was described by critic Herbert Muschamp as "a luxury version of a black-box theater, the hall has the feel of a broadcasting studio, which it partly is".[46][191] Though Zankel Hall's large capacity was highly publicized, it was only reconfigured once in its first two and a half years of operation.[192] The Stern Auditorium's stage was renamed in March 2006 after Ronald Perelman, who had donated $20 million to Carnegie Hall.[193][194]

Carnegie Hall Corporation announced in 2007 that it would evict all the remaining tenants of its upper-story studios so the corporation could convert the space into offices.[195][196] By 2010, the last tenant had moved out.[197] In 2014, Carnegie Hall opened its Judith and Burton Resnick Education Wing.[198][199] The new wing houses 24 music rooms, one of which is large enough to hold an orchestra or a chorus.[199][200] The $230 million project was funded with gifts from Joan and Sanford I. Weill and the Weill Family Fund, Judith and Burton Resnick, Lily Safra and other donors, as well as $52.2 million from the city, $11 million from the state, and $56.5 million from bonds issued through the Trust for Cultural Resources of the City of New York.[199] The American Institute of Architects gave an architectural award to the project in 2017.[200][201]

Carnegie Hall closed temporarily in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.[202][203] The hall reopened on October 6, 2021, with a performance by the Philadelphia Orchestra.[204][205] Subsequently, Carnegie Hall announced that it would return to hosting a full schedule of programming during the 2022–2023 season.[206]

Events and performances

See also: World premieres at Carnegie Hall and Category:Albums recorded at Carnegie Hall

Orchestral performances

Symphony No. 9, opus 95, "From the New World" by Antonín Dvořák, performed on December 16, 1893, was the first world premiere at Carnegie Hall.[59] By the 1900s, conductors such as Richard Strauss, Ruggero Leoncavallo, Camille Saint-Saëns, Alexander Scriabin, Edward Elgar, and Sergei Rachmaninoff were staging or performing their own music at Carnegie Hall.[97] In its early years, Carnegie Hall hosted the New York Philharmonic and Symphony, as well as the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the Philadelphia Symphonic Orchestra, and other visiting orchestra companies.[98] In particular, the Boston Symphony Orchestra regularly performed at Carnegie Hall after its first concert in 1893, and Leopold Stokowski of the Philadelphia Symphonic Orchestra regularly performed at the hall for six decades.[35]

The hall also hosted recitals by solo performers such as pianists Arthur Rubinstein and Mieczysław Horszowski, who both debuted at Carnegie Hall in 1906 and continued performing there until 1976 and 1989, respectively.[35]

The hall's lobbies are adorned with signed portraits and memorabilia from various performers. The NBC Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Arturo Toscanini, frequently recorded in the Main Hall for RCA Victor. On November 14, 1943, the 25-year-old Leonard Bernstein had his major conducting debut when he had to substitute for a suddenly ill Bruno Walter in a concert that was broadcast by CBS.[207] In late 1950, the orchestra's weekly broadcast concerts were moved there until the orchestra disbanded in 1954. Several of the concerts were televised by NBC, preserved on kinescopes, and have been released on home video.[citation needed]

Other concerts and recitals

Carnegie Hall was desegregated from its opening, in contrast to other music venues like the National Theatre, which remained segregated well into the 20th century.[208] Sissieretta Jones became the first African-American to sing at Carnegie Hall on June 15, 1892, less than a year after the hall opened.[209][210]

The hall was used for popular music as early as 1912, when James Reese Europe's Clef Club Orchestra performed a "proto-jazz" concert there.[35] Many legendary jazz and popular music performers have also given performances at Carnegie Hall including Benny Goodman, Duke Ellington, Glenn Miller, Billie Holiday, Billy Eckstine, the Dave Brubeck Quartet, Keith Jarrett, Judy Garland, Harry Belafonte, Charles Aznavour, Simon and Garfunkel, Paul Robeson, Nina Simone, Shirley Bassey, James Taylor, and Stevie Ray Vaughan, all of whom made recordings of their concerts there.[citation needed] The Benny Goodman Orchestra gave a sold-out swing and jazz concert on January 16, 1938, with guest performers such as Count Basie and members of Duke Ellington's orchestra.[211]

Rock and roll music first came to Carnegie Hall when Bill Haley & His Comets appeared in a variety benefit concert on May 6, 1955.[212] Rock acts were not regularly booked at the Hall however, until February 12, 1964, when The Beatles performed two shows[213] during their first trip to the United States.[214] Promoter Sid Bernstein convinced Carnegie officials that allowing a Beatles concert at the venue "would further international understanding" between the United States and Great Britain.[215] Two concerts by Led Zeppelin were performed on October 17, 1969.[216] Since then numerous rock, blues, jazz and country performers have appeared at the hall every season.[217] Some performers and bands had contracts that specified decibel limits for performances, an attempt to discourage rock performances at Carnegie Hall.[57] Jethro Tull released the tapes recorded on its presentation in a 1970 Benefit concert, in the 2010 re-release of the Stand Up album. Ike & Tina Turner performed a concert April 1, 1971, which resulted in their album What You Hear is What You Get. The Beach Boys played concerts in 1971 and 1972, and two songs from the show appeared on their Endless Harmony Soundtrack. Chicago recorded its 4-LP box set Chicago at Carnegie Hall in 1971.

European folk dance music first came to Carnegie Hall when Tanec performed a concert on January 27, 1956, becoming the first dance company from Yugoslavia to perform in America.[218]

Other events

The 2015–2016 season celebrated the hall's 125th anniversary and the launch of a commissioning project of at least 125 new works with "Fifty for the Future" coming from Kronos (25 by female composers and 25 by male composers).[219]

The hall has also been the site of lectures, including the Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture by Booker T. Washington,[220] and the last public lecture by Mark Twain, both in 1906.[221] The hall was also used for commencement ceremonies, including those of the City College of New York,[222] the New York Law School,[223] as well as the Juilliard School.[224]

Management and operations

As of 2021, the Executive and Artistic Director of Carnegie Hall is Sir Clive Gillinson, formerly managing director of the London Symphony Orchestra.[203] Gillinson started serving in that position in 2005.[225][226]

The hall's operating budget for the 2008–2009 season was $84 million. For 2007–2008, operating costs exceeded revenues from operations by $40.2 million. With funding from donors, investment income and government grants, the hall ended that season with $1.9 million more in total revenues than total costs.

Carnegie Hall Archives

It emerged in 1986 that Carnegie Hall had never consistently maintained an archive. Without a central repository, a significant portion of Carnegie Hall's documented history had been dispersed. In preparation for the celebration of Carnegie Hall's centennial in 1991, the management established the Carnegie Hall Archives that year.[227][228] The historical archival collections were renamed the Carnegie Hall Susan W. Rose Archives in 2021, after a longtime trustee and donor to the Archives and Rose Museum.[229]

Folklore

Famous joke

Rumor is that a pedestrian on Fifty-seventh Street, Manhattan, stopped Jascha Heifetz and inquired, "Could you tell me how to get to Carnegie Hall?" "Yes," said Heifetz. "Practice!"[230]

This joke has become part of the folklore of the hall, but its origins remain a mystery.[231] Although described in 1961 as an "ancient wheeze", its earliest known appearances in print date from 1955.[231][232] Attributions to Jack Benny are mistaken; it is uncertain if he ever used the joke.[233] Alternatives to violinist Jascha Heifetz as the second party include an unnamed beatnik, bopper, or "absent-minded maestro", as well as pianist Arthur Rubinstein and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie.[231][232][233][234] Carnegie Hall archivist Gino Francesconi favors a version told by the wife of violinist Mischa Elman, in which her husband makes the quip when approached by tourists while leaving the hall's backstage entrance after an unsatisfactory rehearsal. The joke is so well known it is often reduced to a riddle with no framing story.[231] According to The Washington Post, the joke "shows how firmly the building [...] has lodged itself in American folklore".[235]

Other lore

Other stories have been attributed to the folklore of Carnegie Hall.[235][236] One such story concerns a performance on the unusually hot day of October 27, 1917,[235] when Heifetz made his American debut in Carnegie Hall.[237] After Heifetz had been playing for a while, fellow violinist Mischa Elman mopped his head and asked if it was hot in there. Pianist Leopold Godowsky, in the next seat, replied, "Not for pianists."[235][236]

While the Elman/Godowsky anecdote was confirmed to be true, other accounts about Carnegie Hall may have been apocryphal in nature.[236] One such story involved violinist Fritz Kreisler and pianist Sergei Rachmaninoff, who were supposedly performing a Beethoven sonata when Kreisler lost track of what he was playing. After a few minutes of improvisation, Kreisler allegedly asked "For God's sake, Sergei, where am I?", to which Rachmaninoff was said to have responded, "In Carnegie Hall."[235][238]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Although founder Andrew Carnegie pronounced his surname /kɑːrˈnɛɡi/ kar-NAY-gie, with the stress on the second syllable, the building is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable of Carnegie.[4]

Citations

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Sources

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carnegie Hall.
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January 15, 2023
carnegie, hall, confused, with, carnegie, hill, other, uses, disambiguation, ɑːr, ghee, note, concert, venue, midtown, manhattan, york, city, seventh, avenue, occupying, east, side, seventh, avenue, between, west, 56th, 57th, streets, designed, architect, will. Not to be confused with Carnegie Hill For other uses see Carnegie Hall disambiguation Carnegie Hall ˈ k ɑːr n ɪ ɡ i KAR ne ghee 3 note 1 is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City It is at 881 Seventh Avenue occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between West 56th and 57th Streets Designed by architect William Burnet Tuthill and built by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie it is one of the most prestigious venues in the world for both classical music and popular music Carnegie Hall has its own artistic programming development and marketing departments and presents about 250 performances each season It is also rented out to performing groups Carnegie HallAddress881 Seventh Avenue at 57th Street New York CityUnited StatesPublic transitSubway 57th Street Seventh Avenue OwnerCity of New YorkOperatorCarnegie Hall CorporationTypeConcert hallCapacityStern Auditorium 2 804Zankel Hall 599Weill Recital Hall 268ConstructionOpenedApril 1891 131 years ago 1891 04 ArchitectWilliam TuthillCarnegie HallU S National Register of Historic PlacesU S National Historic LandmarkNYC Landmark No 0278Coordinates40 45 54 N 73 58 48 W 40 76500 N 73 98000 W 40 76500 73 98000 Coordinates 40 45 54 N 73 58 48 W 40 76500 N 73 98000 W 40 76500 73 98000Architectural styleRenaissance RevivalNRHP reference No 66000535NYCL No 0278Significant datesAdded to NRHPOctober 15 1966 1 Designated NHLDecember 29 1962 2 Designated NYCLJune 20 1967Carnegie Hall has 3 671 seats divided among three auditoriums The largest one is the Stern Auditorium a five story auditorium with 2 804 seats Also part of the complex are the 599 seat Zankel Hall on Seventh Avenue as well as the 268 seat Joan and Sanford I Weill Recital Hall on 57th Street Besides the auditoriums Carnegie Hall contains offices on its top stories Carnegie Hall originally the Music Hall was constructed between 1889 and 1891 as a venue shared by the Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Symphony Society The hall was owned by the Carnegie family until 1925 after which Robert E Simon and then his son Robert E Simon Jr became owner Carnegie Hall was proposed for demolition in the 1950s in advance of the New York Philharmonic relocating to Lincoln Center in 1962 Though Carnegie Hall is designated a National Historic Landmark and protected by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission it has not had a resident company since the New York Philharmonic moved out Carnegie Hall was renovated multiple times throughout its history including in the 1940s and 1980s Contents 1 Site 2 Architecture and venues 2 1 Facade 2 2 Venues 2 2 1 Main Hall Stern Auditorium Perelman Stage 2 2 2 Zankel Hall 2 2 3 Weill Recital Hall 2 3 Other facilities 3 History 3 1 Development and opening 3 2 Late 19th to mid 20th century 3 2 1 1890s to 1910s 3 2 2 1920s to 1940s 3 3 Preservation 3 4 Deterioration and renovation 3 4 1 1960s and 1970s 3 4 2 1980s 3 4 3 1990s and early 2000s 3 5 21st century 4 Events and performances 4 1 Orchestral performances 4 2 Other concerts and recitals 4 3 Other events 5 Management and operations 6 Carnegie Hall Archives 7 Folklore 7 1 Famous joke 7 2 Other lore 8 See also 9 References 9 1 Notes 9 2 Citations 9 3 Sources 10 External linksSite EditCarnegie Hall is on the east side of Seventh Avenue between 56th Street and 57th Street two blocks south of Central Park in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City 5 The site covers 27 618 square feet 2 565 8 m2 Its lot is 200 feet 61 m wide covering the entire width of the block between 56th Street to the south and 57th Street to the north and extends 150 feet 46 m eastward from Seventh Avenue 6 Carnegie Hall shares the city block with the Carnegie Hall Tower Russian Tea Room and Metropolitan Tower to the east It is cater corner from the Osborne apartment building It also faces the Rodin Studios and 888 Seventh Avenue to the west Alwyn Court The Briarcliffe the Louis H Chalif Normal School of Dancing and One57 to the north the Park Central Hotel to the southwest and the CitySpire Center to the southeast 5 Right outside the hall is an entrance to the New York City Subway s 57th Street Seventh Avenue station served by the N Q R and W trains 7 Carnegie Hall is part of an artistic hub that developed around the two blocks of West 57th Street from Sixth Avenue west to Broadway during the late 19th and early 20th centuries Its opening in 1891 directly contributed to the development of the hub 8 9 10 The area contains several buildings constructed as residences for artists and musicians such as 130 and 140 West 57th Street the Osborne and the Rodin Studios In addition the area contained the headquarters of organizations such as the American Fine Arts Society the Lotos Club and the American Society of Civil Engineers 11 Architecture and venues Edit Original building at night Carnegie Hall was designed by William Tuthill along with Richard Morris Hunt and Adler amp Sullivan 12 13 While the 34 year old Tuthill was relatively unknown as an architect he was an amateur cellist and a singer which may have led to him getting the commission 12 Dankmar Adler of Adler amp Sullivan on the other hand was an experienced designer of music halls and theaters he served as the acoustical consultant 12 14 Carnegie Hall was constructed with heavy masonry bearing walls as lighter structural steel framework was not widely used when the building was completed 15 The building was designed in a modified Italian Renaissance style 16 17 18 Carnegie Hall is composed of three structures arranged in an L shape each structure contains one of the hall s performance spaces The original building which houses the Isaac Stern Auditorium is an eight story rectangular building at the corner of Seventh Avenue and 57th Street The 16 story eastern wing contains the Weill Recital Hall and is located along 57th Street The 13 story southern wing at Seventh Avenue and 56th Street contains Zankel Hall Except at the eighth floor all three structures have floor levels at different heights 19 Facade EditCarnegie Hall was designed from the outset with a facade of Roman brick 16 20 The facade was decorated with a large amount of Renaissance details Most of the exterior walls are covered in reddish brown brick though decorative elements such as band courses pilasters and arches are made of terracotta 16 17 As originally designed the terracotta and brick were both brown and the pitched roof was made of corrugated black tile 17 but this was later replaced with the eighth floor 19 The main entrance has five arches at the first floor and its mezzanine with another arcade above it The original section of the building is divided into three horizontal sections The lowest section of the building comprises the first floor and the first floor mezzanine above which is a heavy cornice with modillions The main entrance of Carnegie Hall is placed in what was originally the center of the primary facade on 57th Street It consists of an arcade with five large arches originally separated by granite pilasters 17 21 An entablature with the words Music Hall Founded by Andrew Carnegie runs across the loggia at the springing of the arches The center three arches lead directly to the Stern Auditorium s lobby while the two outer arches lead to staircases to upper floors On either side of the main entrance are smaller doorways one on the west and two on the east topped by blank panels at the mezzanine There are five similar doorways on Seventh Avenue 21 The original backstage entrance is on 161 West 56th Street 22 On the third and fourth floors above the main entrance is a two and a half story arcade on 57th Street with five round headed arches A balcony with a balustrade is carried on console brackets in front of this arcade 21 Each arch has a horizontal terracotta transom bar above the third floor two third floor windows separated by a Corinthian column and two fourth floor windows separated by a pilaster A broad terracotta frieze runs above the fourth floor at the springing of the arches 17 21 To either side of the arcade there are two tall round arched windows on the second floor those on the east flank a blind arch 21 There are pairs of pilasters on the fourth floor mezzanine above which is a string course The Seventh Avenue facade is similar in design but instead of window openings there are blind openings filled with brick 17 21 Additionally the arcade at the center of the Seventh Avenue facade has four arches instead of five 17 The sixth floor at the center of the 57th Street facade contains five square openings each with a pair of round arched windows On either side of these five openings there are round arched windows arranged as in a shallow loggia 17 21 There are four arched windows on the eastern portion of the sixth floor as well as two arches on the west portion which flank a blind arch 21 A frieze and cornice run above this floor 17 The seventh floor was originally a mansard roof 18 As part of an 1890s alteration the mansard was replaced with a vertical wall resembling a continuous arcade The seventh floor is topped by balustrades with decorated columns The flat roof was converted into a roof garden with kitchen and service rooms 23 24 Carnegie Hall was also extended to the corner of Seventh Avenue and 56th Street where a 13 story addition was designed in a similar style as the original building The top of this addition contains a main dome as well as smaller domes at its four corners 24 Venues Edit Main Hall Stern Auditorium Perelman Stage Edit The Stern Auditorium is six stories high with 2 804 seats on five levels 25 26 Originally known as the main auditorium it was renamed after violinist Isaac Stern in 1997 to recognize his efforts to save the hall from demolition in the 1960s 27 The main auditorium was originally planned to fit 3 300 guests including two tiers of boxes two balconies and a parquet seating 1 200 13 28 The main hall was home to the performances of the New York Philharmonic from 1892 until 1962 Its entrance is through the Box Office Lobby on 57th Street near Seventh Avenue 29 When planned in 1889 this entrance was designed with a marble and mosaic vestibule measuring 25 feet 7 6 m high and 70 feet 21 m long 28 13 The entrance lobby is three stories high and had an organ loft at the top which was converted into a lounge area by the mid 20th century 19 The lobby ceiling was designed as a barrel vault containing soffits with heavy coffers and cross arches and was painted white with gold decorations At either end of the barrel vault were lunettes The walls were painted salmon and had pairs of gray marble pilasters supporting an entablature The cross arches had decorated cream colored tympana 21 The lobby was originally several feet above street level but it was lowered to street level in the 1980s 30 31 The rebuilt lobby contains geometric decorations evocative by the work of Charles Rennie Mackintosh as well as Corinthian style capitals with lighting fixtures 32 33 The design also includes ticket windows on the south wall of the lobby Past that stairs on either side lead to the auditorium s parquet level previously stairs continued straight from the lobby to the parquet level 30 Isaac Stern Auditorium All but the top level can be reached by elevator the top balcony is 137 steps above parquet level 34 35 The lowest level is the parquet level which has twenty five full rows of thirty eight seats and four partial rows at stage level for a total of 1 021 seats 36 The parquet was designed with eleven exits to a corridor that entirely surrounded it the corridor in turn led to the main entrance vestibule on 57th Street 20 The first and second tiers consist of sixty five boxes the first tier has 264 seats eight per box and the second tier has 238 seats six to eight per box 36 As designed the first tier of boxes was entirely open while the second tier was partially enclosed with open boxes on either end 20 The third tier above the parquet is the Dress Circle seating 444 in six rows the first two rows form an almost complete semicircle The fourth and the highest tier the balcony seats 837 Although seats with obstructed views exist throughout the auditorium only the Dress Circle level has structural columns 36 An elliptic arch rises from the Dress Circle level along with a corresponding arch at the rear of the auditorium it supports the ceiling 21 The Ronald O Perelman Stage is 42 feet 13 m deep 36 It was originally designed with six tiers that could be raised and lowered hydraulically 28 The walls around the stage contain pilasters The ceiling above the stage was designed as an ellipse and the soffits of the ceiling were originally outfitted with lights 21 Originally there were no stage wings the backstage entrance from 56th Street led directly to a small landing just below the stage while the dressing room was above the stage During a 1980s renovation a stage wing orchestra room and dressing rooms were added and the access to the stage was reconfigured 22 Zankel Hall Edit Zankel Hall on the Seventh Avenue side of the building is named after Judy and Arthur Zankel who funded a renovation of the venue 37 38 Originally called simply Recital Hall this was the first auditorium to open to the public in April 1891 It had a balcony elevated side galleries a beamed ceiling and removable seats 39 The space was an oratorio hall capable of accommodating over 1 000 people and it could double as a banquet hall 20 39 There was a full kitchen service 39 as well as a dais on either side 13 28 The space was originally designed with dimensions of 90 by 96 feet 27 by 29 m 13 Following renovations made in 1896 it was renamed Carnegie Lyceum It was leased to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1896 then converted into the Carnegie Hall Cinema in May 1961 37 40 The venue became a performance space in 1997 37 41 The completely reconstructed Zankel Hall opened in September 2003 42 It is accessed from Seventh Avenue 41 where there is a marquee 43 44 Two escalators lead to the balcony and orchestra levels 41 The venue could be arranged with either a center stage an end stage or no stage 43 45 This is accomplished through the division of the floor into nine sections each 45 feet 14 m wide with a separate lift underneath 46 There are 599 seats in Zankel Hall 26 40 spread across two levels The parterre level seats a total of 463 and the mezzanine level seats 136 Each level has several boxes perpendicular to the stage there are 54 seats in six boxes on the parterre level and 48 seats in four boxes on the mezzanine level The boxes on the parterre level are raised above the level of the stage Zankel Hall is accessible and its stage is 44 feet wide and 25 feet deep 40 Due to the limited space available on the land lot the construction of Zankel Hall required excavating 8 000 cubic feet 230 m3 of additional basement space at some points only 10 feet 3 0 m under the Stern Auditorium s parquet level 37 The excavations descended up to 22 feet 6 7 m below the original space s floor and came as close as 9 feet 2 7 m to the adjacent subway tunnel 41 This also required the removal of twelve cast iron columns holding up the Main Hall In its place a temporary framework of steel pipe columns supporting I beam girders and thick Neoprene insulation pads was installed 37 46 JaffeHolden Acoustics installed the soundproofing which filters out noise from both the street and the subway 47 An elliptical concrete wall measuring 12 inches 300 mm wide surrounds Zankel Hall and supports the Stern Auditorium The elliptical enclosure measures 114 feet 35 m long and 76 feet 23 m wide 48 The walls are sloped at a 7 degree angle and contain sycamore paneling The lighting and sound equipment is mounted from twenty one trusses 44 Weill Recital Hall Edit The Joan and Sanford I Weill Recital Hall is named after Sanford I Weill a former chairman of Carnegie Hall s board as well as his wife Joan 49 This auditorium in use since the hall opened in 1891 was originally called Chamber Music Hall 50 and was placed in the lateral building east of the main hall 20 The space later became the Carnegie Chamber Music Hall and the name was changed to Carnegie Recital Hall in the late 1940s 50 The venue was renamed after Joan and Sanford I Weill in 1986 51 52 reopening in January 1987 50 46 The recital hall is served by its own lobby which contains a pale color palette with red geometric metalwork Prior to a 1980s renovation it shared a lobby with the main auditorium 53 The Weill Recital Hall is the smallest of the three performance spaces with a total of 268 seats 40 54 55 The orchestra level contains 196 seats in fourteen rows while the balcony level contains 72 seats in five rows 55 The modern day recital hall contains off white walls and blue seats 51 52 In the mid 20th century the recital hall was decorated with red and gold which was replaced in the 1980s with Palladian arches similar to those in the hall s original design A proscenium arch made of plywood as well as a paneled wall behind the stage were installed after the recital hall s completion but were removed in the 1980s to improve acoustics 51 54 The room has three chandeliers which also amplify the room s acoustics 51 Other facilities Edit A boiler room was placed under the sidewalk on Seventh Avenue 20 A small electric generation plant for 5 300 lamps was also planned 13 At the ground level of the main hall stores were installed in the 1940s 56 The storefronts as well as a restaurant at the corner of 57th Street and Seventh Avenue were removed in a 1980s renovation 53 57 Originally there was a 150 seat dining room on the ground level below the Chamber Music Hall Above the dining room but below the venue itself were parlors cloak rooms and restrooms 20 Above the Chamber Music Hall was a large chapter room a meeting room a gymnasium and twelve short term lodge rooms in the roof 20 The 56th Street side of Carnegie Hall was designed with rooms for the choruses soloists and conductors as well as offices and lodge rooms On the roof of the 56th Street section were janitors apartments Three elevators two on the 57th Street side and one on the 56th Street side originally served the building 20 The addition at the corner of 56th Street and Seventh Avenue was arranged with offices studios and private music rooms 23 24 The eighth floor of the main hall which contained studios was installed after the complex was completed 56 There were a total of 133 58 or 150 studios many of which doubled as living quarters 59 60 Over the years personalities such as Leonard Bernstein Isadora Duncan Martha Graham and Norman Mailer lived in the studios 59 60 The spaces were designed for artistic work with very high ceilings skylights and large windows for natural light Documents showed that Andrew Carnegie had always considered the spaces as a source of income to support the hall and its activities 59 After 1999 the space was re purposed for music education and corporate offices In 2007 the Carnegie Hall Corporation announced plans to evict the 33 remaining studio residents including celebrity portrait photographer Editta Sherman and fashion photographer Bill Cunningham 61 62 The last resident poet Elizabeth Sargent moved out during 2010 63 The building also contains the Carnegie Hall Archives established in 1986 and the Rose Museum which opened in 1991 The Rose Museum is east of the first balcony of the Stern Auditorium and has dark makore and light anigre paneling with brass edges as well as columns with brass capitals supporting a coffered ceiling The Rose Museum space is separated from two adjacent rooms by sliding panels 64 History EditThe idea for what is now Carnegie Hall came from Leopold Damrosch the conductor of Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Symphony Society 12 65 Though Leopold died in 1885 65 66 his son Walter Johannes Damrosch pursued his father s vision for a new music hall 12 65 67 While studying music in Germany in 1887 the younger Damrosch was introduced to the businessman Andrew Carnegie who served on the board of not only the Oratorio Society but also the New York Symphony 12 67 Carnegie was originally uninterested in funding a music hall in Manhattan but he agreed to give 2 million after discussions with Damrosch 12 56 According to architectural writer Robert A M Stern the Music Hall was unique in that it was free of commercial sponsorship and exclusively dedicated to musical performance 12 At the time New York City s performance halls were mainly clustered around 14th Street while the area around 57th Street was still mostly residential 68 Development and opening Edit Andrew Carnegie 1913 In early March 1889 Morris Reno director of the Oratorio and New York Symphony societies acquired nine lots on and around the southeast corner of Seventh Avenue and 57th Street 69 70 William Tuthill had been hired to design a great music hall on the site 69 71 The Music Hall as it was called would be a five story brick and limestone building containing a 3 000 seat main hall with and several smaller rooms for rehearsals lectures concerts and art exhibitions 69 71 The New York Times said The location for the music hall is perhaps rather far uptown but it is easily accessible from the living part of the city 69 The Music Hall Company was incorporated on March 27 1889 with Carnegie Damrosch Reno Tuthill and Stephen M Kneval as trustees 72 73 Originally the Music Hall Company intended to limit its capital stock to 300 000 but this was increased before the end of 1889 to 600 000 of which Carnegie held five sixths The cost of the building was then projected to be 1 1 million including the land 74 By July 1889 Carnegie s company had acquired additional land with frontage of 175 feet 53 m on 57th Street The architectural drawings were nearly completed and excavations for the music hall had been completed 13 The Henry Elias Brewery owned the corner of Seventh Avenue and 56th Street and originally would not sell the land as its proprietor believed the site had a good water source 39 Plans for the Music Hall were filed in November 1889 14 Andrew Carnegie s wife Louise laid the cornerstone for the Music Hall on May 13 1890 75 76 77 Isaac A Hopper and Company was the contractor in charge of building the Music Hall 78 79 The Real Estate Record and Guide praised the building s design as harmonious animated without restlessness and quiet without dullness 17 In February 1891 Damrosch announced that he had created a subscription fund for a permanent orchestra that would perform mainly in the new Music Hall 80 81 The Recital Hall opened in March 1891 for recitals of the New York Oratorio Society 82 It was around this time that tickets for the official opening of the Music Hall were being sold 83 The oratorio hall in the basement opened on April 1 1891 84 39 with a performance by Franz Rummel 85 The Music Hall officially opened on May 5 1891 with a rendition of the Old 100th hymn a speech by Episcopal bishop Henry C Potter and a concert conducted by Walter Damrosch and Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 21 86 During the performance Tuthill looked at the crowds on the auditorium s top tiers and reportedly left the hall to consult his drawings He was uncertain that the supporting columns would withstand the weight of the crowd in attendance but the dimensions turned out to be sufficient to support the weight of the crowd 12 87 Tchaikovsky considered the auditorium unusually impressive and grand when illuminated and filled with an audience 12 88 The New York Herald praised the auditorium s acoustical qualities saying each note was heard 12 89 The Music Hall had cost 1 25 million to construct 90 and was the second major performance hall in New York City after the Metropolitan Opera House 91 Late 19th to mid 20th century Edit 1890s to 1910s Edit Carnegie Hall in 1895In May 1892 the stockholders of the Music Hall Company of New York discussed expanding the Music Hall into the site of a brewery at Seventh Avenue and 56th Street which they had purchased about three months previously The Music Hall Company also discussed enlarging the main auditorium s stage so it could accommodate operas 92 By that September the Music Hall s stockholders planned to enlarge the hall to accommodate operatic performances following a fire that severely damaged the Metropolitan Opera House 93 94 At the time Morris Reno said the stage could not be modified until at least early 1893 95 The Music Hall Company filed plans for alterations in December 1892 The plans called a tower of about 240 feet 73 m at the corner of Seventh Avenue and 56th Street In addition the original building s mansard roof would become a flat roof and the seventh story would be converted into a full story 23 24 The Philharmonic Society moved into the Music Hall in November 1892 drawing further crowds 59 The studios atop the building were constructed shortly afterward from 1894 to 1896 59 The American Academy of Dramatic Arts moved into the basement recital hall in 1896 leasing the basement recital hall for the next fifty four years 39 Also during the mid 1890s the Music Hall was renamed Carnegie Hall for its main benefactor 56 68 According to Carnegie Hall archivist Gino Francesconi the renaming occurred so that it shouldn t be confused by European artists with a vulgar music hall 96 During the early 20th century Carnegie Hall accommodated many recitals and concerts because of its acoustic qualities 97 1920s to 1940s Edit Carnegie Hall in 1910Carnegie Hall officials renovated the building in 1920 replacing its porte cochere overhauling the Philharmonic Society s office and removing staircases for about 70 000 98 By late 1924 the Carnegie Foundation was considering selling the hall to a private developer because of increasing financial deficits which amounted to 15 000 a year 99 At the time the site was valued at 2 5 million 100 and another performance venue in midtown Aeolian Hall had been sold for redevelopment 99 In February 1925 Carnegie s widow sold the hall to a real estate developer Robert E Simon 101 The sale agreement included a clause requiring that either Carnegie Hall would continue to operate as a performance venue for at least the next five years or another performance venue would be erected on the site 102 103 Simon said the hall would continue to operate for as long as it was profitable 104 and he wished to restore the basement recital hall as well 105 Under Simon s ownership a new organ was installed in Carnegie Hall 106 and dedicated in December 1929 107 Robert Simon died in 1935 108 Murray Weisman succeeded Simon as president of Carnegie Hall s board of directors while the late owner s son Robert E Simon Jr became the vice president 109 110 A bust of the senior Simon was installed in the lobby in 1936 111 112 The main hall was modified around 1946 during filming for the movie Carnegie Hall 35 113 A hole was made in the stage s ceiling to allow the installation of ventilation and lights for the film Canvas panels and curtains were placed over the hole but the acoustics in the front rows became noticeably different 113 In 1947 Robert E Simon Jr undertook renovations of the hall The work was carried out by New York firm Kahn and Jacobs 114 115 Preservation Edit By the 1950s changes in the music business prompted Simon to sell the hall In April 1955 Simon negotiated with the New York Philharmonic which booked a majority of the hall s concerts each year 116 The orchestra intended to move to Lincoln Center once it had been built at the time plans to build it were still at an early stage 117 Simon notified the Philharmonic that he would terminate the lease by 1959 if it did not purchase Carnegie Hall 118 In mid 1955 longtime employee John Totten organized a fundraising drive to prevent the demolition of Carnegie Hall 119 Meanwhile the Academy of Dramatic Arts had moved out of the basement recital hall in 1954 The Academy s former space was rented for the time being to other tenants 39 46 Simon sold the entire stock of Carnegie Hall Inc the venue s legal owner to a commercial developer the Glickman Corporation in July 1956 for 5 million 117 120 With the Philharmonic ready to move to Lincoln Center the building was slated to be replaced by a 44 story skyscraper designed by Pomerance and Breines 121 The replacement tower would have had a red facade and would have been constructed on stilts with art exhibits and other cultural facilities at the base 122 121 123 However Glickman was unable to come up with the 22 million that the construction budget for the skyscraper called for 117 This combined with delays in Lincoln Center s construction prompted Glickman to decline an option to buy the building itself in July 1958 124 125 Meanwhile soon after the sale Simon started planning how to preserve the hall and approached some of its resident artists in residence for help Violinist Isaac Stern enlisted his friends Jacob M and Alice Kaplan as well as J M Kaplan Fund administrator Raymond S Rubinow for assistance in saving the hall 117 In 1959 two hundred residents of Carnegie Hall s studios were asked if they wanted to buy the building 126 Stern the Kaplans and Rubinow ultimately decided that the best move would be for the city government to become involved 117 The move gained support from mayor Robert F Wagner Jr who created a taskforce to save Carnegie Hall in early 1960 127 128 but Simon and his co owners still filed eviction notices against some studio tenants 129 The same year special legislation was passed allowing the city government to buy the site from Simon for 5 million and Simon used the money to establish Reston Virginia 130 The city leased the hall to the Carnegie Hall Corporation a nonprofit organization formed to run the venue 117 For 15 years the Carnegie Hall Corporation paid the New York City government 183 600 in cash Afterward the corporation started paying the city through benefit concerts and outreach programs 131 84 Carnegie Hall was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962 2 132 133 The landmark status was certified in 1964 and a National Historic Landmark plaque was placed on the building 134 135 The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission also designated Carnegie Hall as a city landmark in September 1967 18 136 Deterioration and renovation Edit 1960s and 1970s Edit A minor renovation of Carnegie Hall s interior as well as a steam cleaning of the facade took place in mid 1960 137 The basement recital hall became a movie theater called the Carnegie Playhouse A screen was installed at the front of the former stage while the balconies and side galleries were sealed 39 46 The Carnegie Hall Cinema opened in May 1961 with a showing of the film White Nights by Luchino Visconti 138 139 Carnegie Hall received a concert organ from the Netherlands in 1965 although the stage had to be renovated before the organ could be installed 140 The installation of the organ was delayed several times as opponents feared that the changes would damage the hall s acoustics 141 Meanwhile Carnegie Hall was profitable by the late 1960s having consistently hosted about 350 shows a year during that decade 141 Carnegie Hall became a more popular destination in the 1960s and 1970s in part because of complaints over acoustics in the new Philharmonic Hall 131 84 The deficiencies with Carnegie Hall s facilities became more prominent after the latter s renovation 131 Carnegie Hall began to deteriorate due to neglect and the corporation faced fiscal deficits By the mid 1970s the venue suffered from burst pipes and falling sections of the ceiling and there were large holes in the balconies that patrons could put their feet through At the same time operating costs had increased from 3 5 million in 1977 to 10 3 million in 1984 and the deficits had also risen accordingly 57 Carnegie Hall s equipment included a rundown air conditioning system that did not work in the summer 142 In 1977 the Carnegie Hall Corporation decided to stop allowing new residents for its upper story studios existing residents were allowed to continue living there 143 The studios were instead offered mainly to commercial tenants who could afford to pay higher rents 144 This prompted protests from the existing tenants 60 144 In 1979 the board of Carnegie Hall Corporation hired James Stewart Polshek and his firm Polshek Partnership to create a master plan for Carnegie Hall s renovation and expansion Polshek found that Carnegie Hall s electrical systems exits fire alarms and other systems were not up to modern building codes 131 The next year the Carnegie Hall Corporation and the New York City government signed a memorandum of understanding which would permit the development of the adjacent site to the east a parking lot 32 145 146 In 1981 the federal government gave Carnegie Hall 1 8 million for the renovation the city and Astor Foundation had previously given 450 000 147 1980s Edit The first renovations started in February 1982 with the restoration and reconstruction of the recital hall and studio entrance 131 The lobby was lowered to street level the box office was relocated behind the main auditorium and two archways were added to the 57th Street facade 32 148 A new lobby and dedicated elevator for the recital hall was also created 53 149 The Carnegie Hall Corporation was also looking to develop a vacant lot immediately east of Carnegie Hall 149 150 The renovation was complicated by the fact that some parts of the original plans had been lost 32 131 A controversy also emerged when the Carnegie Hall Corporation started evicting longtime tenants of the hall s upper story studios particularly those who refused to pay steeply increased rents 151 152 The first phase of the renovation was completed in September 1983 for 20 million 53 A second phase included upgrades to mechanical systems such as air conditioning and elevators 153 154 155 Carnegie Hall Tower next to Carnegie Hall As part of the third phase of renovations a recording studio called the Alice and Jacob M Kaplan Space was built within the old chapter room on the fifth floor directly above the main hall 154 155 The Kaplan Space opened in March 1985 156 The corporation announced in May 1985 that the main hall and recital hall would be closed for several months The corporation also started a fundraising drive to raise the 50 million needed to fund the renovation more than half of the funding had already been raised at the time A new structure designed by Cesar Pelli later to become the Carnegie Hall Tower was planned for the lot immediately east of Carnegie Hall 57 153 157 Further upgrades which required the main and recital halls closure included upgrades to both halls the lobby the facade backstage areas and offices The lobby was lowered to street level and doubled in size 31 158 The Landmarks Preservation Commission approved the proposed renovation in July 1985 32 159 Renovation work began afterward The project was complicated by the need to schedule construction around performances the lack of a freight elevator and the requirement that materials be replaced with close or exact replacements 160 In April 1986 Carnegie officials announced their intent to sublease the vacant lot to Rockrose Development for the construction of Carnegie Hall Tower 161 162 163 The following month the hall closed completely for a seven month renovation 164 165 The hall s plaster decorations were restored although the carpeting and seats were replaced 154 That November Carnegie Hall announced it would rename the recital hall after Joan and Sanford I Weill who not only were major donors to the renovation but also enlisted other donors to fund the project 52 51 The Weill family had donated 2 5 million more than any other donor in the hall s history 52 The main hall including the Stern Auditorium was reopened on December 15 1986 with a gala featuring Zubin Mehta Frank Sinatra Vladimir Horowitz and the New York Philharmonic 166 167 The Kaplan Rehearsal Space was also created in 1986 168 and the Weill Recital Hall opened in January 1987 169 170 A month after the main hall reopened New York Times music critic Bernard Holland criticized its acoustics saying The acoustics of this magnificent space are not the same 32 171 The Weill Recital Hall also received complaints about its acoustics prompting Carnegie Hall officials to test out noise absorbing panels in that space 172 Several noise absorbing panels were installed in the main hall in 1988 32 173 but complaints continued for several years 32 Critics alleged there was concrete underneath the stage but Carnegie Hall officials denied the allegations Isaac Stern offered to disassemble the stage on the condition that the critics pay for the repairs if no concrete was found 174 Polshek Partners won the American Institute of Architects Honor Award in 1988 for its renovation of the hall 64 1990s and early 2000s Edit During the late 1980s Carnegie Hall had begun collecting items for the opening of a museum in the under construction Carnegie Hall Tower 175 176 The Rose Museum was founded in April 1991 177 178 with its own entrance at 154 West 57th Street 179 The East Room and Club Room later renamed Rohatyn Room and Shorin Club Room respectively 180 were created the same year Though the East and Club rooms were in Carnegie Hall Tower they were connected to the original Carnegie Hall 181 This represented the first new space added to Carnegie Hall since the studios were added in the late 1890s 182 At the parquet level Cafe Carnegie was also renovated 64 The stage of the main hall had begun to warp by the early 1990s and officials disassembled the stage in 1995 where they discovered a slab of concrete 32 174 John L Tishman president of Tishman Realty amp Construction which had renovated the stage in 1986 alleged that the concrete was there before the renovation 32 183 The concrete was removed in mid 1995 while Carnegie Hall was closed for the summer 184 soon afterward critics described a noticeable change in the acoustics 185 In the basement the Carnegie Hall Cinema operated separately from the rest of Carnegie Hall until 1997 when the hall s management closed the cinema along with two shops on Seventh Avenue In late 1998 Carnegie Hall announced that it would turn the basement recital hall into another performance venue designed by Polshek Associates The project was to cost 50 million the high cost was attributed to the fact that the work would require excavations under the basement while concerts and other events were ongoing 186 In recognition of a 10 million grant from Arthur and Judy Zankel the new space was renamed after the Zankels in January 1999 the auditorium proper was named after Judith Arron who donated 5 million 43 Construction took place without disrupting performances or the nearby subway tunnel 44 Zankel Hall had been planned to open in early 2003 but the opening date was postponed due to the city s economic difficulties after the September 11 attacks in 2001 41 187 The excavations also raised the budget to 69 million 187 21st century Edit In June 2003 tentative plans were made for the Philharmonic to return to Carnegie Hall beginning in 2006 and for the orchestra to merge its business operations with those of the venue However the two groups abandoned these plans later that year 188 Zankel Hall opened in September 2003 41 189 Music critic Anthony Tommasini praised Zankel Hall s flexibility though he said the builders did not quite succeed in insulating the auditorium from the sounds of passing trains 190 Architecturally the space was described by critic Herbert Muschamp as a luxury version of a black box theater the hall has the feel of a broadcasting studio which it partly is 46 191 Though Zankel Hall s large capacity was highly publicized it was only reconfigured once in its first two and a half years of operation 192 The Stern Auditorium s stage was renamed in March 2006 after Ronald Perelman who had donated 20 million to Carnegie Hall 193 194 Carnegie Hall Corporation announced in 2007 that it would evict all the remaining tenants of its upper story studios so the corporation could convert the space into offices 195 196 By 2010 the last tenant had moved out 197 In 2014 Carnegie Hall opened its Judith and Burton Resnick Education Wing 198 199 The new wing houses 24 music rooms one of which is large enough to hold an orchestra or a chorus 199 200 The 230 million project was funded with gifts from Joan and Sanford I Weill and the Weill Family Fund Judith and Burton Resnick Lily Safra and other donors as well as 52 2 million from the city 11 million from the state and 56 5 million from bonds issued through the Trust for Cultural Resources of the City of New York 199 The American Institute of Architects gave an architectural award to the project in 2017 200 201 Carnegie Hall closed temporarily in March 2020 due to the COVID 19 pandemic in New York City 202 203 The hall reopened on October 6 2021 with a performance by the Philadelphia Orchestra 204 205 Subsequently Carnegie Hall announced that it would return to hosting a full schedule of programming during the 2022 2023 season 206 Events and performances EditSee also World premieres at Carnegie Hall and Category Albums recorded at Carnegie Hall Orchestral performances Edit Symphony No 9 opus 95 From the New World by Antonin Dvorak performed on December 16 1893 was the first world premiere at Carnegie Hall 59 By the 1900s conductors such as Richard Strauss Ruggero Leoncavallo Camille Saint Saens Alexander Scriabin Edward Elgar and Sergei Rachmaninoff were staging or performing their own music at Carnegie Hall 97 In its early years Carnegie Hall hosted the New York Philharmonic and Symphony as well as the Boston Symphony Orchestra the Philadelphia Symphonic Orchestra and other visiting orchestra companies 98 In particular the Boston Symphony Orchestra regularly performed at Carnegie Hall after its first concert in 1893 and Leopold Stokowski of the Philadelphia Symphonic Orchestra regularly performed at the hall for six decades 35 The hall also hosted recitals by solo performers such as pianists Arthur Rubinstein and Mieczyslaw Horszowski who both debuted at Carnegie Hall in 1906 and continued performing there until 1976 and 1989 respectively 35 The hall s lobbies are adorned with signed portraits and memorabilia from various performers The NBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Arturo Toscanini frequently recorded in the Main Hall for RCA Victor On November 14 1943 the 25 year old Leonard Bernstein had his major conducting debut when he had to substitute for a suddenly ill Bruno Walter in a concert that was broadcast by CBS 207 In late 1950 the orchestra s weekly broadcast concerts were moved there until the orchestra disbanded in 1954 Several of the concerts were televised by NBC preserved on kinescopes and have been released on home video citation needed Other concerts and recitals Edit Carnegie Hall was desegregated from its opening in contrast to other music venues like the National Theatre which remained segregated well into the 20th century 208 Sissieretta Jones became the first African American to sing at Carnegie Hall on June 15 1892 less than a year after the hall opened 209 210 The hall was used for popular music as early as 1912 when James Reese Europe s Clef Club Orchestra performed a proto jazz concert there 35 Many legendary jazz and popular music performers have also given performances at Carnegie Hall including Benny Goodman Duke Ellington Glenn Miller Billie Holiday Billy Eckstine the Dave Brubeck Quartet Keith Jarrett Judy Garland Harry Belafonte Charles Aznavour Simon and Garfunkel Paul Robeson Nina Simone Shirley Bassey James Taylor and Stevie Ray Vaughan all of whom made recordings of their concerts there citation needed The Benny Goodman Orchestra gave a sold out swing and jazz concert on January 16 1938 with guest performers such as Count Basie and members of Duke Ellington s orchestra 211 Rock and roll music first came to Carnegie Hall when Bill Haley amp His Comets appeared in a variety benefit concert on May 6 1955 212 Rock acts were not regularly booked at the Hall however until February 12 1964 when The Beatles performed two shows 213 during their first trip to the United States 214 Promoter Sid Bernstein convinced Carnegie officials that allowing a Beatles concert at the venue would further international understanding between the United States and Great Britain 215 Two concerts by Led Zeppelin were performed on October 17 1969 216 Since then numerous rock blues jazz and country performers have appeared at the hall every season 217 Some performers and bands had contracts that specified decibel limits for performances an attempt to discourage rock performances at Carnegie Hall 57 Jethro Tull released the tapes recorded on its presentation in a 1970 Benefit concert in the 2010 re release of the Stand Up album Ike amp Tina Turner performed a concert April 1 1971 which resulted in their album What You Hear is What You Get The Beach Boys played concerts in 1971 and 1972 and two songs from the show appeared on their Endless Harmony Soundtrack Chicago recorded its 4 LP box set Chicago at Carnegie Hall in 1971 European folk dance music first came to Carnegie Hall when Tanec performed a concert on January 27 1956 becoming the first dance company from Yugoslavia to perform in America 218 Other events Edit The 2015 2016 season celebrated the hall s 125th anniversary and the launch of a commissioning project of at least 125 new works with Fifty for the Future coming from Kronos 25 by female composers and 25 by male composers 219 The hall has also been the site of lectures including the Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture by Booker T Washington 220 and the last public lecture by Mark Twain both in 1906 221 The hall was also used for commencement ceremonies including those of the City College of New York 222 the New York Law School 223 as well as the Juilliard School 224 Management and operations EditAs of 2021 update the Executive and Artistic Director of Carnegie Hall is Sir Clive Gillinson formerly managing director of the London Symphony Orchestra 203 Gillinson started serving in that position in 2005 225 226 The hall s operating budget for the 2008 2009 season was 84 million For 2007 2008 operating costs exceeded revenues from operations by 40 2 million With funding from donors investment income and government grants the hall ended that season with 1 9 million more in total revenues than total costs Carnegie Hall Archives EditIt emerged in 1986 that Carnegie Hall had never consistently maintained an archive Without a central repository a significant portion of Carnegie Hall s documented history had been dispersed In preparation for the celebration of Carnegie Hall s centennial in 1991 the management established the Carnegie Hall Archives that year 227 228 The historical archival collections were renamed the Carnegie Hall Susan W Rose Archives in 2021 after a longtime trustee and donor to the Archives and Rose Museum 229 Folklore EditFamous joke Edit Rumor is that a pedestrian on Fifty seventh Street Manhattan stopped Jascha Heifetz and inquired Could you tell me how to get to Carnegie Hall Yes said Heifetz Practice 230 This joke has become part of the folklore of the hall but its origins remain a mystery 231 Although described in 1961 as an ancient wheeze its earliest known appearances in print date from 1955 231 232 Attributions to Jack Benny are mistaken it is uncertain if he ever used the joke 233 Alternatives to violinist Jascha Heifetz as the second party include an unnamed beatnik bopper or absent minded maestro as well as pianist Arthur Rubinstein and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie 231 232 233 234 Carnegie Hall archivist Gino Francesconi favors a version told by the wife of violinist Mischa Elman in which her husband makes the quip when approached by tourists while leaving the hall s backstage entrance after an unsatisfactory rehearsal The joke is so well known it is often reduced to a riddle with no framing story 231 According to The Washington Post the joke shows how firmly the building has lodged itself in American folklore 235 Other lore Edit Other stories have been attributed to the folklore of Carnegie Hall 235 236 One such story concerns a performance on the unusually hot day of October 27 1917 235 when Heifetz made his American debut in Carnegie Hall 237 After Heifetz had been playing for a while fellow violinist Mischa Elman mopped his head and asked if it was hot in there Pianist Leopold Godowsky in the next seat replied Not for pianists 235 236 While the Elman Godowsky anecdote was confirmed to be true other accounts about Carnegie Hall may have been apocryphal in nature 236 One such story involved violinist Fritz Kreisler and pianist Sergei Rachmaninoff who were supposedly performing a Beethoven sonata when Kreisler lost track of what he was playing After a few minutes of improvisation Kreisler allegedly asked For God s sake Sergei where am I to which Rachmaninoff was said to have responded In Carnegie Hall 235 238 See also Edit Architecture portal Music portal New York City portal National Register of Historic Places portalAlliance for the Arts advocacy organization for Carnegie Hall List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th StreetsReferences EditNotes Edit Although founder Andrew Carnegie pronounced his surname k ɑːr ˈ n ɛ ɡ i kar NAY gie with the stress on the second syllable the building is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable of Carnegie 4 Citations Edit National Register Information System National Register of Historic Places National Park Service January 23 2007 a b Carnegie Hall National Historic Landmark summary listing National Park Service September 9 2007 Archived from the original on November 6 2007 American English Carnegie Hall Macmillan Dictionary Archived from the original on September 20 2015 Retrieved August 27 2020 Carnegie Hall in British English Collins English Dictionary Archived from the original on September 22 2015 Retrieved August 27 2020 History of the Hall History FAQ Carnegie Hall Archived from the original on June 7 2011 a b NYCityMap NYC gov New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications Archived from the original on February 19 2021 Retrieved March 20 2020 881 7 Avenue 10019 New York City Department of City Planning Archived from the original on June 26 2022 Retrieved September 8 2020 MTA Neighborhood Maps 57 St 7 Av N Q R W mta info Metropolitan Transportation Authority 2018 Archived from the original on February 24 2021 Retrieved September 13 2018 Gray Christopher May 9 1999 Streetscapes 57th Street Between Avenue of the Americas and Seventh Avenue High and Low Notes of a Block With a Musical Bent The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2020 Retrieved November 18 2020 Steinway Hall PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission November 13 2001 pp 6 7 Archived PDF from the original on November 9 2020 Retrieved November 12 2020 Federal Writers Project 1939 New York City Guide New York Random House p 232 ISBN 978 1 60354 055 1 Reprinted by Scholarly Press 1976 often referred to as WPA Guide to New York City Society House of the American Society of Civil Engineers PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission December 16 2008 p 2 Archived PDF from the original on August 23 2021 Retrieved December 4 2020 a b c d e f g h i j k Stern Robert A M Mellins Thomas Fishman David 1999 New York 1880 Architecture and Urbanism in the Gilded Age Monacelli Press p 691 ISBN 978 1 58093 027 7 OCLC 40698653 a b c d e f g Carnegie Music Hall the Work of Construction Is Expected to Begin Soon PDF The New York Times July 19 1889 p 8 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on January 30 2022 Retrieved August 17 2021 a b Plans for a Big Building Filed the Music Hall Company Getting Ready to Begin Work expectations of the Stockholders New York Tribune November 21 1889 p 7 ProQuest 573493968 1891 Andrew Carnegie s new Music Hall opens Carnegie Hall carnegiehall org May 28 2016 Archived from the original on May 28 2016 Retrieved August 18 2021 a b c Carnegie Hall PDF New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission May 10 1966 Archived PDF from the original on July 27 2020 Retrieved March 13 2020 a b c d e f g h i j The Carnegie Music Hall The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide Vol 46 no 1189 December 27 1890 pp 867 868 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 via columbia edu a b c New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Dolkart Andrew S Postal Matthew A 2009 Postal Matthew A ed Guide to New York City Landmarks 4th ed New York John Wiley amp Sons p 126 ISBN 978 0 470 28963 1 a b c National Park Service 1962 p 2 a b c d e f g h i The New Music Hall Plans a Fine Building to Be Erected It Will Be Ready for the World s Fair architectural Features and Interior Arrangements New York Tribune September 10 1889 p 7 ProQuest 573484756 a b c d e f g h i j k l It Stood the Test Well the First Concert in the New Music Hall Its Acoustic Properties Found to Be Adequate a Russian Composer Warmly Greeted Bishop Potter as a Lover of Music The New York Times May 6 1891 p 5 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 94939305 a b Kraus Lucy August 31 1986 The Carnegie Hall of the Future The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 a b c For a Bigger Music Hall Elaborate Plans of Reconstruction There Will Be High Tower and Other Changes Will Be Made New York Tribune December 28 1892 p 7 ProQuest 573728011 a b c d Addition to Music Hall Work Planned That Will Make a Great Improvement Better Exterior Appearance Promised and Much More Room a Lofty Tower of Unique Design Garden on the Roof New Concert Room and Studios The New York Times December 28 1892 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Carnegie Hall National Register of Historic Places National Park Service October 15 1966 Archived from the original on July 27 2020 Retrieved March 13 2020 a b Page 2011 p 18 The A to Z of Carnegie Hall S is for Stern Carnegie Hall September 23 2013 Archived from the original on July 9 2017 Retrieved November 14 2014 a b c d Men and Things The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide Vol 44 no 1114 July 20 1889 p 1017 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 via columbia edu Parking amp Directions Carnegie Hall Archived from the original on October 5 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 a b Carnegie Hall s New Lobby PDF Oculus Vol 48 no 7 March 1986 pp 3 11 Archived PDF from the original on January 30 2022 Retrieved August 20 2021 a b Shepard Joan December 15 1986 Encore for Carnegie Hall New York Daily News p 101 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 a b c d e f g h i j Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 732 Goldberger Paul September 8 1983 Architecture Carnegie Hall Restoration Phase 1 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 21 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 Information Accessibility Carnegie Hall Archived from the original on September 16 2017 Retrieved November 14 2014 a b c d e Page 2011 p 20 a b c d Carnegie Hall Stern Auditorium Perelman Stage Rentals Archived from the original on March 21 2015 Retrieved May 5 2015 a b c d e Dunlap David W January 30 2000 Carnegie Hall Grows the Only Way It Can Burrowing Into Bedrock Crews Carve Out a New Auditorium The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 20 2018 Retrieved November 14 2014 Kinneberg Caroline Judy and Arthur Zankel Hall NYMag com Archived from the original on March 6 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 a b c d e f g h Blumenthal Ralph January 3 1998 In the Offing Another Hall In Carnegie s Basement The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 a b c d Carnegie Hall Zankel Hall Rental Archived from the original on September 16 2017 Retrieved May 5 2015 a b c d e f At Carnegie Hall music goes underground UPI September 15 2003 Archived from the original on January 9 2015 Retrieved August 21 2021 Muschamp Herbert September 12 2003 Architecture Review Zankel Hall Carnegie s Buried Treasure The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 20 2018 Retrieved November 14 2014 a b c Kozinn Allan January 12 1999 A New Stage And Lineup For Concerts At Carnegie The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 a b c Weathersby William Jr January 2005 Zankel Hall New York City PDF Architectural Record Vol 193 pp 157 161 Archived PDF from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 Lewis Julia Einspruch March 1999 A new stage for a hallowed hall Interior Design Vol 70 no 4 p 35 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 a b c d e f Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 733 Pogrebin Robin April 3 2003 A New Underground at Carnegie in More Ways Than One The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Dunlap David W May 5 2002 When Expansion Leads to Inner Space The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Weill Recital Hall Carnegie Hall Archived from the original on July 9 2017 Retrieved August 18 2021 a b c Rockwell John January 6 1987 Weill Recital Hall Opens at Carnegie The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 a b c d e Holland Bernard November 6 1986 Carnegie Recital Hall to Be Renamed The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 21 2021 Retrieved September 28 2022 a b c d Nash Dawn November 6 1986 Carnegie renames recital hall Daily News p 137 Retrieved September 28 2022 a b c d Goldberger Paul September 8 1983 Architecture Carnegie Hall Restoration Phase 1 The New York Times p C16 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 424782471 a b Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 pp 732 733 a b Carnegie Hall Weill Recital Hall Archived from the original on July 9 2017 Retrieved May 5 2015 a b c d National Park Service 1962 p 3 a b c d Cox Meg May 17 1985 Fabled Carnegie Hall Often Close to Death Will Receive Surgery But the Challenge to Restorers Of New York Auditorium Is to Avoid Harming It Fabled Carnegie Hall in New York Will Soon Receive Major Surgery The Wall Street Journal p 1 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 135117567 Phelps Timothy M January 18 1981 Carnegie Hall and Tenants Wrangle Over Rent Rises The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 28 2022 a b c d e f Page 2011 p 19 a b c Moritz Owen January 11 1978 Notes of Protest Sound in Aria of Carnegie Hall Daily News p 184 Retrieved September 28 2022 Goodman Wendy December 30 2007 Great Rooms Bohemia in Midtown New York Archived from the original on January 25 2019 Retrieved November 14 2014 Pressler Jessica October 20 2008 Editta Sherman 96 Year Old Squatter New York Archived from the original on October 14 2012 Retrieved November 14 2014 Slotnik Daniel E April 22 2017 Elizabeth Sargent 96 Poet and Last Tenant Above Carnegie Hall Dies The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 28 2022 a b c Stephens Suzanne March 1992 Architectural Ethics PDF Architecture p 75 Archived PDF from the original on August 21 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 a b c Page 2011 pp 17 18 Death of Dr Damrosch Fatal Result of a Brief Illness The New York Times February 16 1885 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 17 2021 Retrieved August 17 2021 a b Shanor Rebecca 1988 The City That Never Was Two Hundred Years of Fantastic and Fascinating Plans That Might Have Changed the Face of New York City New York N Y U S A Viking p 77 ISBN 978 0 670 80558 7 OCLC 17510109 a b Page 2011 p 17 a b c d A New Music Hall Carnegie Takes Hold of the Project and a Site Is Bought PDF The New York Times March 15 1889 p 4 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on January 30 2022 Retrieved August 17 2021 To Build a Music Hall Plans for a Magnificent Building New York Tribune March 15 1889 p 1 ProQuest 573444377 a b Out Among the Builders The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide Vol 43 no 1097 March 23 1889 pp 392 393 Archived from the original on August 17 2021 Retrieved August 17 2021 via columbia edu The New Music Hall Company The New York Times March 28 1889 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 17 2021 Retrieved August 17 2021 Incorporating a Music Hall Company New York Tribune March 28 1889 p 1 ProQuest 573489130 Some Fine New Buildings Grand Edifices Now Going Up in This City The Carnegie Music Hall Century Republican and Athletic Club Houses and Lenox Lyceum PDF The New York Times December 15 1889 p 11 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on January 31 2022 Retrieved August 17 2021 A New Home for Music The Sun May 14 1890 p 7 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 A Great Home of Music Mrs Carnegie Lays the Cornerstone of the Building Addresses by Morris Reno E Francis Hyde and Andrew Carnegie New York Tribune May 14 1890 p 7 ProQuest 573539715 The New Music Hall Architecture and Building A Journal of Investment and Construction Vol 12 W T Comstock 1890 p 234 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 Isaac A Hopper s Record Some Notable Achievements in His Line as a Builder PDF The New York Times January 1 1893 p 9 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived PDF from the original on June 26 2022 Retrieved August 18 2021 A Busy Life The Real Estate Record Real Estate Record and Builders Guide Vol 55 no 1399 January 5 1895 p 7 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 via columbia edu Damrosch s Liberal Backers The Evening World February 6 1891 p 4 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 Our Permanent Orchestra The Sun February 6 1891 p 1 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 A New Concert Room The Sun March 13 1891 p 3 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 To Open the New Music Hall the Amended Programme many Eminent Performers New York Tribune March 22 1891 p 24 ProQuest 573653596 a b c Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 731 Amusements The New York Times April 2 1891 p 4 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 94850411 The Music Hall Opened New York Tribune May 6 1891 pp 1 7 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 Schonberg Harold C June 29 1980 Carnegie Hall at 90 Is Thinking Young MUSIC VIEW Carnegie Hall Approaching 90 Is Thinking Young The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 Yoffe Elkhonon 1986 Tchaikovsky in America the composer s visit in 1891 New York Oxford University Press pp 83 84 ISBN 978 0 19 504117 0 OCLC 13498952 Music Crowd in Its New Home New York Herald May 6 1891 p 7 Schonberg Harold C May 5 1991 Extra Read All About It Carnegie s 1 25 Million Hall The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 28 2022 Carnegie Music Hall Dedicated Chicago Tribune May 6 1891 p 1 Retrieved September 28 2022 Changes at the Music Hall Plans Which May Change the Place Into an Opera House New York Tribune May 12 1892 p 7 ProQuest 573781812 A Home for Grand Opera Plans for Transforming Music Hall Into an Opera House The New York Times September 5 1892 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Grand Opera Need Not Be Given Up The Sun September 6 1892 p 7 Retrieved September 28 2022 No Grand Opera This Season the Carnegie Music Hall Stage Cannot Be Rebuilt for It The New York Times September 19 1892 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Shepard Richard F May 12 1988 Carnegie Hall Marks a Milestone for a Cornerstone The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 18 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 a b Page 2011 pp 19 20 a b Change in Carnegie Hall Substantial Steps to Provide New York s Temple of Music with a New Stoop Line The New York Times July 4 1920 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 28 2022 a b Musical Centre is Likely to Shift Approaching Sale of Carnegie Hall Will Compel Building in Another District The New York Times January 31 1925 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 28 2022 Carnegie Hall To Be Razed for Office Building Famous Structure Will Be Put on Market Soon as Result of Its Deficits Price Around 2 500 000 The New York Herald New York Tribune September 12 1924 p 1 ProQuest 1113115352 New Leader Rises in City Real Estate Carnegie Hall Deal Discloses Robert E Simon as a Manipulator of Millions The New York Times February 1 1925 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 14 2021 Retrieved December 18 2020 Carnegie Hall Sold but Wins 5 Years Grace R E Simon Buys Historic Music Center Agreeing to Time Clause Unless New Auditorium Is Built Sooner The New York Herald New York Tribune January 30 1925 p 11 ProQuest 1112791299 Carnegie Hall Is About to Be Sold but Won t Close Yet Clause in Sale Contract Safeguards Concerts There for the Next Five Years The New York Times January 30 1925 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Carnegie Hall Sale is Now Complete But R E Simon Says Buildings Will Stand Indefinitely if Income Warrants The New York Times February 6 1925 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 28 2022 Carnegie Hall Has Passed From Iron Master s Estate The New York Herald New York Tribune February 6 1925 p 26 ProQuest 1113011924 A New Organ To Be Installed In Carnegie Hall Preliminary Work for Placing the Instrument Will Be Started Tomorrow New York Herald Tribune June 2 1929 p F9 ProQuest 1111977225 Oratorio Society Gives Messiah Stoessel Leads Chorus of 250 Voices Augmented by New Organ of Carnegie Hall The New York Times December 28 1929 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Robert E Simon Dies at 58 Kin Of Morgenthau New York Herald Tribune September 8 1935 p 23 ProQuest 1317982631 Weisman Is Head of Carnegie Hall Elected President to Succeed Late Robert E Simon Whose Son Is Made an Officer The New York Times September 29 1935 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 30 2022 Retrieved December 18 2020 M Murray Weisman Carnegie Hall President Managing Director Succeeds Late Robert E Simon New York Herald Tribune September 29 1935 p 24 ProQuest 1237352810 Robert E Simon Bust Unveiled In Carnegie Hall New York Herald Tribune May 6 1936 p 16 ProQuest 1237393750 R E Simon Lauded at Bust Unveiling Tributes Paid to His Idealism in Preserving Carnegie Hall for Community Use The New York Times May 6 1936 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 a b Walsh Michael February 16 1987 Sounds in the night Time Vol 129 no 7 Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Stratigakos Despina Elsa Mandelstamm Gidoni Pioneerng Women of American Architecture Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation Archived from the original on August 30 2020 Retrieved September 25 2020 Carnegie Hall History Timeline CarnegieHall org The Carnegie Hall Corporation Archived from the original on October 4 2020 Retrieved September 25 2020 Taubman Howard April 28 1955 Orchestra to Bid on Carnegie Hall Philharmonic May Lose Old Home Unless It Buys The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 30 2022 Retrieved December 18 2020 a b c d e f Stern Robert A M Mellins Thomas Fishman David 1995 New York 1960 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial New York Monacelli Press pp 1112 1113 ISBN 1 885254 02 4 OCLC 32159240 World of Music Philharmonic Problem Termination of the Carnegie Lease May Force Orchestra to Vacate in 1959 The New York Times September 18 1955 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 26 2022 Retrieved December 18 2020 Drive Set to Bar Sale of Carnegie Hall s Superintendent Seeks Aid of Public to Prevent Destruction of Building The New York Times June 2 1955 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Fowler Glenn July 25 1956 Music Landmark Brings 5 Million Buyer of Carnegie Hall Offers to Resell to Orchestra but May Tear It Down Society Hopes to Move The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 26 2022 Retrieved December 18 2020 a b Callahan John P August 8 1957 Red Tower Is Set for Carnegie Site a Forty four story Office Building Is to Be Built Where Carnegie Hall Now Stands The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 31 2018 Retrieved December 18 2020 Time Inc September 9 1957 Life pp 91 ISSN 0024 3019 Archived from the original on July 27 2020 Retrieved September 23 2019 Red and gold Checks PDF Architectural Forum Vol 107 September 1957 p 43 Archived PDF from the original on February 27 2021 Retrieved December 17 2020 Schonberg Harold C July 4 1958 Longer Life Won by Carnegie Hall Glickman Drops Plan to Buy Building as the Site for Big Red Skyscraper Property Off Market Decision Is Due on Whether Philharmonic Will Stay Till New Home Is Ready The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 26 2022 Retrieved December 18 2020 Plan to Raze Old Carnegie Hall Is Off Realtor Drops Option on Landmark in New York The Sun July 21 1958 p 3 ProQuest 540427905 Molleson John June 17 1959 Bids Residents Buy Carnegie Hall Studio Tenant Urges 200 to Gel Together to Avert Demolition New York Herald Tribune p 12 ProQuest 1323977017 New Unit Formed to Save Carnegie Society Would Lease Hall if City Can Acquire It The New York Times March 31 1960 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 14 2021 Retrieved December 18 2020 Molleson John March 31 1960 Mayor Aids Plan to Save Carnegie Hall Pledges Fast Work To Back Committee New York Herald Tribune p 19 ProQuest 1325120353 Talese Gay April 30 1960 Evictions Fought at Carnegie Hall Landlord Presses Cases Despite City Plan to Save Famous Music House The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 McFadden Robert D September 21 2015 Robert E Simon Jr Who Created a Town Reston Va Dies at 101 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 24 2019 Retrieved December 18 2020 a b c d e f Rockwell John February 21 1982 Carnegie Hall Begins 20 Million Renovation The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved December 18 2020 Greenwood Richard May 30 1975 National Register of Historic Places Inventory Carnegie Hall National Park Service Retrieved November 14 2014 National Register of Historic Places Inventory Carnegie Hall Accompanying Photos National Park Service May 30 1975 Retrieved November 14 2014 Carnegie Hall Designated as a National Landmark The New York Times November 7 1964 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Carnegie Hall Made National Landmark Democrat and Chronicle November 7 1964 p 9 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Callahan John P August 7 1967 Old Water Tower Now a Landmark City Commission Designates Pillar on Harlem River and 10 Other Structures The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Hughes Allen July 22 1960 Carnegie Hall Getting New Paint And Upholstery for Fall Season The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Film Notes New York Herald Tribune May 29 1961 p 4 ProQuest 1326941243 Crowther Bosley May 29 1961 Italian Film Opens New Carnegie Hall Cinema The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Strongin Theodore June 30 1965 A 125 000 Organ Given to Carnegie Installation Requires Major Alterations to Stage The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 28 2022 a b Henahan Donal March 20 1969 At Carnegie Hall No Serious Problems The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 28 2022 Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 pp 731 732 Schumach Murray November 14 1977 Carnegie Hall to End Its Live In Studios for Artists The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 a b Herman Robin February 26 1979 City Studies Artists Protests Over Rents at Carnegie Hall The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved September 28 2022 Shipp E r October 21 1980 Carnegie Hall and City Negotiating On Renovation and Air Rights Use The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Smith Randy October 21 1980 Mull sale of air rights over Carnegie Hall New York Daily News p 65 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 U S Gives 1 8 Million For Carnegie Renovation The New York Times January 21 1981 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 21 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 Goldberger Paul March 7 1982 A Superb Scheme for the Renovation of Carnegie Hall The New York Times p D27 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 121888912 Archived from the original on August 21 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 a b Goodman Peter July 4 1982 A building boom for the arts Newsday p 117 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Shipp E r October 21 1980 Carnegie Hall and City Negotiating On Renovation and Air Rights Use The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Phelps Timothy M January 18 1981 Carnegie Hall and Tenants Wrangle Over Rent Rises The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 King Martin April 2 1982 Tenants Carnegie Hall is giving us the hook New York Daily News p 94 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 a b Rockwell John May 17 1985 Carnegie Hall to Close for 7 Months Next Year The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 18 2021 a b c Shepard Joan July 28 1986 Carnegie crescendoing Daily News p 93 Retrieved September 28 2022 a b Goodman Peter December 16 1985 Carnegie gets 3 7 Million gifts Newsday p 123 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Office Tower Newsday p 21 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Shepard Joan April 30 1986 Deal will make Carnegie tall New York Daily News p 103 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Larkin Kathy May 15 1986 They shutter to think of the future for hall New York Daily News p 157 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Goodman Peter May 8 1986 Restoring Carnegie Hall to Its Glory Newsday p 199 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Rockwell John December 16 1986 Rejuvenated Carnegie Is Again Premier Hall The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 Whitaker Barbara December 16 1986 Reborn Splendor on 57th Street Newsday p 4 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved August 19 2021 History of the Hall Timeline 1986 Full interior renovation completed Carnegie Hall Archived from the original on 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April 3 2020 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Deutsch Claudia H October 11 1992 Commercial Property Carnegie Hall What s Playing Maybe a Rousing Business Meeting The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Mangaliman Jessie November 21 1987 Expanding Carnegie Hall Newsday p 15 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Kozinn Allan September 20 1995 Case of the Carnegie Concrete Chapter II The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Page Tim September 14 1995 Carnegie Hall Hopes New Floor Is a Sound One Newsday p 8 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Oestreich James R March 5 1996 Assessing Carnegie Hall Without the Concrete The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 20 2021 Retrieved August 20 2021 Blumenthal Ralph December 14 1998 Carnegie 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Famous Carnegie Hall Joke The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2019 Retrieved December 4 2020 Lees Gene 1988 Meet Me at Jim amp Andy s Jazz Musicians and Their World Oxford University Press p 16 ISBN 978 0 19 504611 3 a b c d e McLellan Joseph February 10 1991 The Hall That Carnegie Built Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Archived from the original on June 26 2022 Retrieved August 21 2021 a b c Schonberg Harold C December 28 1987 Critic s Notebook Repertory of Legends Immortalizes Jascha Heifetz The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 16 2014 Retrieved August 21 2021 Agus Ayke 2001 Heifetz As I Knew Him Amadeus Press p 4 ISBN 978 1 57467 062 2 Music View The New York Times February 8 1976 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 21 2021 Retrieved August 21 2021 Sources Edit Historic Structures Report Carnegie Hall National Register of Historic Places National Park Service December 29 1962 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Page Tim 2011 Carnegie Hall Treasures HarperCollins ISBN 978 0 06 170367 6 Schickel Richard 1960 The World of Carnegie Hall Messner Schickel Richard Walsh Michael 1987 Carnegie Hall the First One Hundred Years Abrams ISBN 978 0 8109 0773 7 Stern Robert A M Fishman David Tilove Jacob 2006 New York 2000 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium New York Monacelli Press ISBN 978 1 58093 177 9 OCLC 70267065 OL 22741487M External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carnegie Hall Official website Carnegie Hall at Google Cultural Institute Carnegie Hall and its events on NYC ARTS org Honors Performance Series Carnegie Hall performance opportunity for elite student musicians Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carnegie Hall amp oldid 1127757975, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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