fbpx
Wikipedia

Take-Two Interactive

November 23, 2023

"Take-Two" redirects here. For other uses, see Take Two.

Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. is an American video game holding company based in New York City founded by Ryan Brant in September 1993.

Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc.
Headquarters at 1133 Avenue of the Americas
TypePublic
IndustryVideo games
FoundedSeptember 30, 1993; 30 years ago (1993-09-30)
FounderRyan Brant
Headquarters
New York City
,
US
Key people
Products
Revenue US$5.349 billion[1] (2023)
US$−1.165 billion[1] (2023)
US$−1.124 billion[1] (2023)
Total assets US$15.86 billion[1] (2023)
Total equity US$9.042 billion[1] (2023)
Number of employees
 11,580[2] (2023)
DivisionsT2 Mobile Games
Subsidiaries
Websitetake2games.com

The company owns two major publishing labels, Rockstar Games and 2K, which operate internal game development studios. Take-Two created the Private Division label to support publishing from independent developers and more recently announced a new internal studio for the label called Intercept Games. The company also formed Ghost Story Games which was a former 2K studio under the name Irrational Games. The company acquired the developers Socialpoint, Playdots and Nordeus to establish itself in the mobile game market. The company also owns 50% of professional esports organization NBA 2K League.[3] Take-Two's combined portfolio includes franchises such as BioShock, Borderlands, Grand Theft Auto, NBA 2K, WWE 2K, and Red Dead among others.

As of September 2023, it is the second-largest publicly traded game company in the Americas and Europe after Electronic Arts, with an estimated market cap of US$23 billion.[4]

History edit

1993–2000: Formation and initial growth edit

Take-Two Interactive was founded by Ryan Ashley Brant, the son of media executive and Interview co-owner Peter Brant. Ryan Brant had attended the Hotchkiss School and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in May 1992. He began his career in May 1991, working for his father as the chief operating officer of Stewart, Tabori & Chang, a publisher of illustrated books, until August 1993.[5][6] As Brant wanted to forge his own path, he decided to create a video game publishing company. He stated "I wanted to get into a business where I could raise capital as a younger guy. In technology, people expect you to be a younger person."[5] An initial US$1.5 million in funding was raised from his family and private investors.[5] Take-Two was incorporated in Delaware on September 30, 1993, with Brant (21 years old at the time) as chief executive officer (CEO).[7][8] The business was launched with assistance from John Antinori and Mark Seremet.[9][10] Seremet sold his stake in the company in 1998.[10] Early on, Take-Two had a location in Latrobe, Pennsylvania.[11][12] By June 1994, the company had acquired and absorbed InterOptica, a software publisher owned by Wan Chai and headed by Catherine Winchester (later Heald); the latter became Take-Two's first president.[13] Later that month, Take-Two struck a deal with GameTek that would see the publisher distribute five of Take-Two's games worldwide.[14][15]

Starting with Star Crusader in September 1994,[16] Take-Two found its first major success within games that included full motion video with well-known live actors performing the parts, following the success that Mechadeus had with The Daedalus Encounter which featured Tia Carrere.[5] Take-Two hired Dennis Hopper, among others, to star in parts for Hell: A Cyberpunk Thriller (1994), which sold over 300,000 copies over the following year and established profit for the company. This was followed by Ripper (1996), of which US$625,000 of its US$2.5 million budget was used to hire actors such as Christopher Walken, Karen Allen, and Burgess Meredith. The success of both these games, as well as earlier titles, led to a publishing agreement between Take-Two and Acclaim Entertainment to publish Take-Two's titles, as well as obtaining overseas distribution. Take-Two also secured a license with Sony Computer Entertainment to publish on the PlayStation line of consoles.[5] In February 1995, GameTek acquired a stake in Take-Two, aligning the studio with its own Alternative Reality Technologies.[17] By July 1995, Take-Two had established its head office in the Silicon Alley area of New York City.[18] Take-Two expanded in its Latrobe location and, in September 1996, took over the second floor of its office building, which had been occupied by the Chestnut Ridge Chapter of the American Red Cross.[11]

Around 1996, the company was making about US$10 million, but Brant wanted to further expand the company, and made its first acquisition of Mission Studios and publishing its JetFighter III game in 1996.[19] Brant decided to secure additional funds for acquisition by taking the company public.[20] The company announced this intent in April 1997, looking to raise $8.2 million.[21] The company had its initial public offering (IPO) on April 15, 1997, being listed under the ticker symbol TTWO on the NASDAQ stock exchange. The opening price was $5.50, above the expected $5, and on its first day rose to $5.75.[22] From the IPO, the company gained about US$6.5 million along with US$4 million on venture fund promissory notes.[5] At this time, Peter Brant had been the largest shareholder in Take-Two at 25% owned through Bridgehampton Investors LP, which also had Ryan Brant as general partner.[8] The additional funds allowed Take-Two to acquire GameTek's European operations, its internal Alternative Reality Technologies studio (later renamed Rockstar Toronto), and the rights to GameTek's Dark Colony, The Quivering, The Reap, Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune games.[5][23] The company hired Kelly Sumner, a GameTek executive director, as part of this purchase. Additionally, the company acquired Inventory Management Systems, Creative Alliance Group, and Alliance Inventory Management, three video game distribution companies that helped to extend Take-Two's reach into the retail market.[5]

In the same year, Take-Two stepped in as the publisher of Monkey Hero. Its developer, Blam!, had been struggling financially after the game's original publisher, BMG Interactive, was shut down by its parent company, BMG Entertainment.[24] In March 1998, Take-Two acquired all assets of BMG Interactive for 1.85 million shares (16% of Take-Two's common stock), worth about US$14.2 million.[25][26] In the previous year, the United Kingdom-based DMA Design and BMG Entertainment had just released Grand Theft Auto, and while it financially performed well but was not a critical success in Europe, it had sparked controversy over the use of violence in video games, with United States Senator Joe Lieberman speaking out strongly against it. Seeing the opportunity to capture attention on the game, Brant had initiated the acquisition of BMG as to acquire the Grand Theft Auto property, and at the same time, contacted BMG's Sam and Dan Houser (both instrumental to getting Grand Theft Auto to market), Terry Donovan, and Jamie King to found a new label within Take-Two, called Rockstar Games for which to develop more titles like it.[27][28][29] Electronic Arts' (EA) 2008 CEO, John Riccitiello, stated that, with the establishing of Rockstar, Take-Two effectively invented the "label" corporate structure, which EA followed into in 2008.[30] With the rights to Grand Theft Auto, Take-Two expanded its publication into North America, and the game became Take-Two's first financial success with over 1.5 million copies sold.[5]

Take-Two also began taking on distribution capabilities, acquiring various distribution firms such as DirectSoft Australia for the Oceania market.[5] Notably, in August 1998, Take-Two acquired Jack of All Games, an America game distributor, for about US$16.8 million. Take-Two subsequently bundled many of its existing and future distribution outlets under the Jack of All Games brand.[31][32][33]

In 1999, Take-Two acquired DMA Design (ultimately renamed Rockstar North), and invested into Gathering of Developers and Bungie (eventually transferred over to Microsoft Game Studios).[5][34] In September, the company also acquired Triad Distributors and Global Star Software, a video game distributor and publisher, respectively, both founded in 1993 by Craig McGauley and Damian Cristiani and operating out of the same offices in Concord, Ontario, with the same management team.[35] Israeli developer Pixel Broadband Studios was acquired for $50.4 million in March 2000,[36] before Take-Two sold it off to Gameplay.com in October that year, receiving £34.1 million in Gameplay.com shares in return.[37][38]

2001–2006: Further acquisitions and regulatory investigations edit

 
Take-Two's logo from 1999 to 2004

In February 2001, Brant stepped down as CEO of Take-Two to serve as its chairman, being replaced in the former role by Sumner.[5][39] Around this time, the company had 658 employees.[40] With Rockstar, Take-Two invested into developments of sequels to Grand Theft Auto, including Grand Theft Auto 2 (1999), and Grand Theft Auto III (2001) along with sequels, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (2002) and Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004). By 2003, Take-Two had revenues exceeding US$1 billion.[41] In 2004, Take-Two paid US$22.3 million to Infogrames for the rights to the Civilization series.[42][43] The company had also planned to acquire Vivendi Universal Games for $1 billion.[44]

In 2005, Take-Two began a host of acquisitions, spending more than US$80 million buying game developers.[45] One of its largest acquisitions was for the development studios Visual Concepts and Kush Games from Sega for about US$32 million in January 2005. Both studios had been extensively behind several sports simulation games, branded through ESPN, and typically released updated versions each year, using a 2K brand to differentiate versions (such as ESPN NFL 2K5). In 2004, Take-Two had struck a deal with Sega to help publish these titles. Just prior to Take-Two's acquisition, Electronic Arts announced it had secured the exclusive rights to create video games based on the National Football League (NFL) and a fifteen-year branding deal with ESPN, effectively killing Visual Concepts' own NFL title and devaluing their others games. This decision led Sega to abandon the sports-game market. Take-Two acquired these studios and unique branding (including the 2K brand), as well as negotiated for exclusive rights with Major League Baseball for video games.[46][47] A day after announcing these acquisitions, Take-Two established their 2K publishing label to maintain the 2K brand, moving several planned games from their budget software label, Global Star, to 2K. Take-Two further realigned the other existing internal studios — Indie Built, Venom Games, PopTop Software and Frog City Software, and Take-Two Licensing — within this new structure.[48]

After the formation of 2K, Take-Two completed other major acquisitions. Firaxis Games was acquired in November 2005 for around US$27 million;[49] Take-Two had already supported the studio by using their acquisition of the Civilization license to support publishing of Civilization IV.[50] Irrational Games was acquired around January 2006 for about US$10 million, including both its Boston and its Canberra studio.[45] At the time Irrational had already established a publishing deal with Take-Two for their upcoming BioShock game. With the deal, Irrational became part of the 2K label.[51] It also acquired PAM Development from the Gaia Capital Group for US$11.4 million, giving them access to the Top Spin series of tennis games.[45]

However, during this period, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began examining Take-Two's business records, based on complaints filed from 2001 that Take-Two's earnings did not seem to match figures of game sales reported by NPD Group. The SEC's formal complaint found that the company had purportedly sold products to distributors as a "parking transaction" for a quarter, as to artificially increase their revenues for investors, which it estimated was a US$60 million fraud.[52] A lawsuit was filed against Take-Two in December 2001, alleging that the company had lied to shareholders.[53] Take-Two initially restated seven quarters of past financial results in February 2002, then five years in January 2004.[54][55] Brant stepped down as chairman in March, being succeeded by Richard Roedel.[55] After the SEC's issuance of the complaint in 2005, Take-Two agreed to pay a US$7.5 million fine, along with Brant and other executives paying fines totaling around US$6.4 million. Brant, who had remained with the company in the non-executive role of "Vice President of Production", ultimately resigned from the company in October 2006, following a four-month disability leave due to a bad back.[39]

In 2007, a separate investigation by the SEC found further issues with Brant and two other executives of the company. In an industry-wide sweep against options backdating (receiving shares when they are priced high but backdating their ownership to when they were priced low), the SEC had found Brant had received backdating options of over 2.1 million shares, though he had excised all options upon his 2006 resignation. Brant pleaded guilty to falsifying business records, but agreed to co-operate with the SEC and instead of receiving up to four years in prison, was fined US$7.3 million and barred from holding any "control management positions" in a publicly traded company.[52][56] Brant died of cardiac arrest in March 2019 at the age of 47.[6][57]

Further troubling Take-Two during this period was criticism and legal actions taken against the Hot Coffee mod, a user-made modification to Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas that unlocked a hidden graphic sex scene that was built into the game, with concerned politicians and consumers stating the scene belied the game's ESRB content rating. Actions taken against Take-Two included an investigation by the Federal Trade Commission for deceptive advertising, to which Take-Two and Rockstar settled in 2006 on fines for any future violations of content ratings.[58] Take-Two completed a US$20.1 million settlement related to class-action lawsuits filed against it in 2005 over the Hot Coffee mod, as well as to a class-action lawsuit brought by shareholders over the options backdating fraud, in September 2009.[59]

2007–2008: Shareholder takeover and attempted buy-out edit

A fire had damaged part of the Take-Two headquarters building in New York in 2006. In early January 2007, Take-Two relocated the headquarters for 2K to Novato, California to 65,000 square feet of space at Hamilton Landing, an office park that had repurposed the former hangar structures from the Hamilton Army Airfield.[60] Later that year in September, Take-Two established a partnership with Nickelodeon and launched a new label, 2K Play, designed for publishing of family-friendly titles alongside 2K's 2K Games and 2K Sports sub-labels, absorbing the remaining publishing duties of the Global Star label.[61] In December 2007, Take-Two established 2K Marin (named after Marin County, where Novato is located) and expanded its presence at Hamilton Landing.[62][63]

 
Zelnick in 2015

Due to the various SEC investigations and the Hot Coffee controversy, investors in Take-Two discussed the possibility to taking over the company at its next board meeting in March 2007, as to oust the company's current management. There was also issues with Take-Two failing to make its revenue targets, having lost US$163.3 million in 2006.[64] The investors, OppenheimerFunds Inc., S.A.C. Capital Management, Tudor Investment Corp., D.E. Shaw Valence Portfolios and ZelnickMedia, held 46% of the company's stock at this point, and were looking to put ZelnickMedia's Strauss Zelnick as the chairman of the board while outing long-standing management and board members. Zelnick had previously been president and CEO of BMG's North American division at the time of the sale of BMG Interactive to Take-Two, a move he had been against believing that BMG could have capitalized on the video game sector more. Following BMG, Zelnick had been COO of 20th Century Fox and CEO of Crystal Dynamics. He founded ZelnickMedia few years later in 2001 as a private equity firm to focus on media and interactive entertainment investments.[65] Industry analyst Michael Pachter stated that a takeover would be best for Take-Two, as the present management "completely abdicated any responsibility for the oversight of the options-granting policy. A more responsible board would have committed hari-kari."[66] The current CEO, Paul Eibeler, who had replaced Brant after his resignation, had tried to find a buyer for Take-Two after the investors filed their intent with the SEC, among which included EA,[67] but could not negotiate a sale before the meeting. The takeover was successfully agreed to by stockholders on March 29, 2007, with Zelnick naming Ben Feder, a partner at ZelnickMedia, as the new CEO.[64] As of July 2015, Strauss Zelnick is the largest single shareholder by voting power.[68]

The company announced a major restructuring in mid-2007, following the takeover. With the move of the 2K labels to Novato, the executive, management, distribution and sales areas were evaluated to align these by business discipline rather than geography.[69] Subsequently, the company let go about 5 to 15% of its approximately 2100 employees, closed down some of its European offices and centralizing these in its Geneva location, and looked to get out of the distribution market by looking for buyers of Jack of All Games.[70][71]

In mid-February 2008, EA made a US$25-per-share all-cash transaction offer worth around US$1.9 billion[72] to the board of Take-Two, subsequently revising it to US$26 per share after being rejected and making the offer known to the public.[73] At the time, Take-Two's stock was valued around US$10 per share.[74] EA CEO John Riccitiello said that EA had previously considered a deal for Take-Two in the previous year when they were approached by Eibeler,[67] however, with Activision's acquisition of Vivendi Games in December 2007, EA was looking to resecure itself as one of the top video game publishers with the acquisition of Take-Two. While Take-Two had been discussing the potential of a buyout to a large media company after the shareholder takeover, Zelnick and the board rejected the offer, with Zelnick stating "We didn't slam the door, we just said look, the price is not right and the time is wrong".[75] Take-Two offered to discuss the offer after Grand Theft Auto IV's release on April 29, 2008, which many considered to be the lucrative property that EA desired.[75] An acquisition would have ended EA's main competition in sports video games.[76] EA continued to extend its bid offer throughout 2008, but by September 2008, EA decided to back away and let the offer expire, as Take-Two continued to call EA's cash offer as inadequate.[77]

2008–2018: Continued growth edit

In September 2008, Take-Two established an outsourcing agreement with Ditan Distribution LLC, at the time owned by Cinram, a Canadian manufacturer of optical media. Through the agreement, Take-Two offloaded all distributing duties from Jack of All Games to Ditan, while establishing the means for Jack of All Games to license and distribute third-party titles.[78] Subsequently, in December 2009, Take-Two sold Jack of All Games to Synnex for about US$43 million, leaving the distribution market and focusing solely on development and publishing.[79]

In 2010, Ben Feder stepped down as CEO, and was replaced by Zelnick, who remains the company's chairman and CEO.[80] In January 2013, while being dissolved, THQ sold the rights of the WWE wrestling games series to Take-Two.[81] Subsequently, 2K Sports has published annual WWE 2K games as part of its lineup.

Around 2013, Take-Two began to repurchase about 7.5 million outstanding shares of the company (about 10%), based on the company's projections that it would remain profitable over the next several years. As part of this, the company bought back around 12 million shares owned by Carl Icahn, about 11% of the total shares, for about US$203 million. Icahn had been seen as favoring selling the company to a buyer. This subsequently led to three board members who had been recommended on the board by Icahn to resign.[82] The move to buy back shares was seen by analysts of the company's assurance in Grand Theft Auto V, which was released in September 2013. Grand Theft Auto V has since sold nearly 100 million units by 2018, making it one of the most successful video games ever and bringing an estimated US$6 billion to Take-Two, increasing its stock value by more than 600%.[83]

In December 2013, former Marvel editor-in-chief Bill Jemas announced that he had joined Take-Two to start a "graphic fiction imprint".[84] The imprint, Double Take Comics, was launched in October 2014,[85] but ultimately was not successful and was shuttered in November 2016.[86] Leslie Benzies, former President of Rockstar North, took sabbatical leave from Rockstar on September 1, 2014. In January 2016 it was announced that he had left the company.[87] On April 12, 2016, Benzies started legal action against Rockstar and Take-Two claiming $150 million in unpaid royalties.[88] Take-Two had invested into mobile-game developer Scopely in July 2016.[89] On February 1, 2017, the company acquired social and mobile game developer Social Point for about US$250 million to enter into the mobile gaming industry.[90][91][92]

In that same month, Take-Two and the National Basketball Association (NBA) announced a partnership to create the NBA 2K League, a professional eSports league based on the NBA 2K games, and the first eSports league to be managed by a professional sports league. Teams for the League are to be partially sponsored by existing NBA teams, so that there would be eSports equivalent teams for each of the thirty professional NBA teams. The inaugural season is planned to launch in May 2018.[93]

On May 31, 2017, Take-Two Interactive acquired Kerbal Space Program.[94] Later, Take-Two announced the formation of its Private Division publishing label on December 14, 2017. Private Division was established to fund and publish games by mid-size independent development studios, such as Kerbal Space Program, and had four planned games from separate studios at its launch.[95][96]

The company completed its move of its New York headquarters from NoHo to more than 61,000 square feet of space in Bryant Park in early 2018.[97] According to Dan Houser, Rockstar Games required to expand in the two companies' shared headquarters and thus asked the Take-Two executives to move.[98] On March 8, 2018, Zelnick attended a White House meeting held by the 45th president of the United States, Donald Trump, along with various other attendees involved with the video game industry, and members of Congress, to discuss video game violence in the wake of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting.[99]

On March 9, 2018, S&P Global announced the addition of Take-Two Interactive to the S&P 500, joining two other major video game publishers EA and Activision Blizzard.[100] Similar to the situation in 2013, Take-Two started buying back around US$308 million of its stock (estimated to be about 2.5% of the outstanding stock), predicated on similar expectations that Red Dead Redemption 2, to be released in October 2018, would similarly boost the company's profits as Grand Theft Auto V had done.[83]

On March 29, 2018, Benzies' litigation against Rockstar and Take-Two suffered a significant setback when the companies succeeded in dismissing 12 out of 18 of his claims, though the court did rule that Benzies "remains entitled to receive certain royalties" as part of his compensation.[101][102][103]

Sometime in 2018, Take-Two levied a legal warning against Benzies' new company Royal Circus Games, citing the similarity of its acronym (RCG) to Rockstar Games (RSG) as an infringement of intellectual property; due to this, Benzies later renamed his company Build a Rocket Boy Games in October 2018. Take-Two had also decried their employment of Rockstar North staff as a deceptive tactic to create an affiliation between them.[104]

Take-Two and the NBA signed a seven-year, US$1.1 billion licensing deal to extend Take-Two's rights to develop the NBA 2K games in January 2019. Analysts estimated that this represented at least 15% of Take-Two's revenue from the sale of NBA 2K games, atypical of other license deals, due to the growing popularity of the series.[105]

2019–present: Studio expansions edit

A then-yet-to-be named studio under the 2K brand in the Silicon Valley region of the San Francisco Bay Area was established by Take-Two in February 2019. The studio is led by Michael Condrey, formerly of Sledgehammer Games and Visceral Games, and was initially working on an unannounced project.[106][107] A year later, it was announced that the studio would be officially named 31st Union, that it was opening a second studio in Spain, and that it was focusing on "an ambitious and inspired new IP".[108]

On February 7, 2019, Benzies' litigation with Take-Two had officially come to an end.[109] All parties involved in the case successfully executed a confidential settlement, with each agreeing to bear its own costs and expenses, including, without limitation, attorney's fees.[110]

In May 2019, Rockstar Games announced that they had acquired Dhruva Interactive from Starbreeze Studios for $7.9 million, with the sale having been finalized later that same month. The company had been merged into Rockstar India, which added an additional 320 employees to the studio.[111][112]

In September 2019, Rockstar Games announced that they had released their own game launcher, a digital distribution, digital rights management, multiplayer and communications service.[113]

Take-Two established a new, yet-to-be named studio under Private Division in February 2020, later named Intercept Games, located in Seattle to take on the development of Kerbal Space Program 2. The new studio staff included more than a dozen former members of Star Theory Games who had been working on the title, including Jeremy Ables and Nate Simpson from Star Theory, which had been previously handling the development of the game but outside of Take-Two's structure.[114][115]

Via 2K Sports, Take-Two established a new publishing agreement with the NFL in March 2020 to start republishing NFL games starting in 2021. While EA's Madden series will coexist and remain the official game of the NFL, while 2K's are called "non-simulation football game experiences" to distinguish from EA's games.[116]

In August 2020, Take-Two announced it was acquiring mobile game developer Playdots (developer of the mobile games Dots, Two Dots and Dots & Co.) for $192 million in cash and stock with the acquisition expected to be completed in Q3 2020.[117]

In October 2020, it was announced that Take-Two had acquired Dundee-based Ruffian Games (known for their work on Halo: The Master Chief Collection and Crackdown 3) after a year-long development partnership on an undisclosed partnership; following the acquisition, Ruffian became part of Rockstar Games as Rockstar Dundee.[118]

Take-Two offered to buyout Codemasters in November 2020 in a deal valued approximately US$973 million. While the offer awaited regulatory approval and was expected to be complete by early 2021, both Take-Two and Codemasters' board of directors confirmed the deal.[119][120][121] However, Take-Two's bid was subsequently trumped by Electronic Arts in December 2020, which offered US$1.2 billion (US$7.98 per share), and agreed to acquire Codemasters.[122][123] Take-Two formally withdrew its offer in January 2021.[124]

The Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia acquired 3.9 million shares of Take-Two, valued at $826 million, in February 2021.[125]

2K acquired HB Studios in March 2021, who previously developed PGA Tour 2K21 and The Golf Club 2019 featuring PGA Tour under 2K Sports' publishing labels. The acquisition includes the rights to the PGA Tour games, which have the official endorsement of the PGA Tour itself.[126] Additionally, 2K announced they had secured a contract with Tiger Woods, who had previously been a key figure for Electronic Arts' PGA Tour series, as an executive director and consultant for future 2K PGA Tour games as well as his likeness for the games.[127] Later that month, 2K acquired the games division of HookBang based in Austin, Texas, which had supported work on the NBA 2K series in the past. The division was relocated to a new Austin location and rebranded as Visual Concepts Austin to continue support for that series.[128]

In June 2021, Take-Two made its largest acquisition to date with the $378 million acquisition of Top Eleven developer Nordeus, further expanding its mobile game division, which, as of July 2021, is known as T2 Mobile Games.[129][130]

Take-Two Interactive announced its intent to acquire the mobile developer Zynga in January 2022, in a cash-and-stock deal with a value of $12.7 billion, with Take-Two acquiring all outstanding shares of Zynga at $9.86 apiece. The deal was expected to close in June.[131] Take-Two said that the acquisition would help boost its presence in the mobile gaming market, stating "We see tremendous untapped potential to bring Take-Two’s renowned console and PC properties to mobile, a high-priority initiative that will be energized by the addition of Zynga’s leading development, publishing, and live operations teams."[132] Both shareholders of the companies approved the merger on May 19, 2022, and the closing of the transaction took effect on May 23, 2022.[133][134]

In October 2022, Take-Two announced that Playdots would be shut down, with control of Two Dots being transferred to Zynga.[135]

In March 2023, Take-Two acquired mobile games subscription service GameClub for an undisclosed sum.[136]

Company structure edit

See also: List of acquisitions by Take-Two Interactive

Take-Two's executive offices and worldwide headquarters are located in New York City. The company runs its European operations from Windsor, England and its Asian operations from Singapore. As of 2018, Take-Two's primary business is through two self-owned publishing labels. One label is Rockstar Games, also located in New York City, and is specialized on development and publication of action-adventure games such as Grand Theft Auto. The other label is 2K, headquartered in Novato, California, and is composed of its divisions 2K Games, 2K Sports, and 2K Play. The 2K Sports division handles the development and publication of Take-Two's sports simulation games, such as the NBA 2K series. 2K Play covers family-friendly and children's video games produced by Take-Two's studios. 2K Games handles nearly all other production from Take-Two's internal development studios as well as titles from selected third parties (such as the Borderlands series developed by Gearbox Software).

Separately, Take-Two owns Private Division, a label designed to help publish and market games from mid-sized independent developers, such as Squad's Kerbal Space Program. Finally, Take-Two owns Social Point, a developer for the mobile game market. With this structure been in place since 1997–1998, each labels are incorporated principal operating businesses and have a higher degree of autonomy and each with their own infrastructure and resources, management, and profit and loss strategies.

Take-Two has divested itself of its older manufacturing and distribution operations in favor of digital publication and third-party retail distribution. Since 2016, around half of the company's revenues are from digital distribution, whether from digital sales of games through personal computer or consoles, or through video game monetization of its computer, console, and mobile titles.[137]

Publishers edit

Name Location Founded or acquired Ref.
2K Novato, California, U.S. January 2005 [138]
Dynamixyz Cesson-Sévigné, France July 2021 [139]
Private Division New York City, U.S. December 2017 [95]
Rockstar Games December 1998 [140]
T2 Mobile Games June 2021 [141]
Zynga San Mateo, California, U.S. May 2022 [134]

Former edit

Name Location Founded or acquired Closed or divested Ref.
Double Take Comics New York City, U.S. October 2014 November 2016 [85][86]
DVDWave.com Berkeley, California, U.S. March 1999 December 1999 [142][143]
Gathering of Developers New York City, U.S. May 2000 December 2004 [144][145]
Global Star Software August 1999 September 2007
Gotham Games July 2002 December 2003 [146][147]
Jack of All Games West Chester, Ohio, U.S. August 1998 February 2010 [31][148]
Joytech London, England February 1999 September 2007 [149][150]
On Deck Interactive Dallas, Texas, U.S. May 2000 March 2001 [151][152]
Pixel Broadband Studios Tel Aviv, Israel March 2000 October 2000 [153][154]
Take-Two Licensing Westlake Village, California, U.S. December 2003 January 2005 [155]
TalonSoft Baltimore, U.S. December 1998 2002 [156][157]
Techcorp Hong Kong, China July 2001 September 2007 [158][159]
Telstar Electronic Studios Walton-on-Thames, England April 1999 April 1999 [160][161]

Developers edit

Parent Name Location Founded or acquired Ref.
2K 2K Chengdu Chengdu, China June 2011 [162]
2K Madrid Madrid, Spain July 2020 [163]
2K Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. 2006 [164]
31st Union Foster City, California, U.S. February 2019 [165][166][167]
Cat Daddy Games Kirkland, Washington, U.S. 2003 [168]
Cloud Chamber Novato, California, U.S. December 2019 [169]
Firaxis Games Sparks, Maryland, U.S. November 2005 [170]
Hangar 13 Novato, California, U.S. December 2014 [171]
HB Studios Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, Canada March 2021 [126][127]
Visual Concepts Novato, California, U.S. January 2005 [172]
Ghost Story Games Westwood, Massachusetts, U.S. February 2017 [173]
Private Division Intercept Games Seattle, Washington, U.S. February 2020 [114][115]
Roll7 London, England November 2021 [174][175]
Rockstar Games Rockstar Dundee Dundee, Scotland October 2020 [176]
Rockstar India Bangalore, India August 2016 [177][178]
Rockstar Leeds Leeds, England March 2004 [179]
Rockstar Lincoln Lincoln, England June 1998 [180]
Rockstar London London, England November 2005 [181]
Rockstar New England Ballardvale, Massachusetts, U.S. April 2008 [182]
Rockstar North Edinburgh, Scotland September 1999 [183]
Rockstar San Diego Carlsbad, California, U.S. November 2002 [184]
Rockstar Toronto Oakville, Ontario, Canada July 1997 [185]
T2 Mobile Games Nordeus Belgrade, Serbia June 2021 [186][187]
Socialpoint Barcelona, Spain January 2017 [188]
Zynga BossAlien Brighton, England May 2022 [134]
Chartboost San Francisco, California
Echtra Games San Francisco, California
Gram Games London, England
NaturalMotion London, England
Peak Games Istanbul, Turkey
Rollic Istanbul, Turkey
Small Giant Games Helsinki, Finland
Starlark Beijing, China

Former edit

Parent Name Location Founded or acquired Closed or divested Ref.
2K 2K Australia Canberra, Australia January 2006 April 2015 [189][190]
2K China Shanghai, China May 2006 November 2015 [162][191]
2K Czech Brno, Czech Republic January 2008 2017 [192][193]
2K Marin Novato, California, U.S. 2007 October 2013[a] [196]
Frog City Software San Francisco, U.S. 2003 2006 [197]
Irrational Games Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S. January 2006 February 2017 [189][198]
Magic Pockets Torcy, France June 2005 January 2007 [citation needed]
PopTop Software Fenton, Missouri, U.S. July 2000 March 2006 [199][200]
2K Los Angeles Camarillo, California, U.S. January 2005 2008 [172][201]
Indie Built Salt Lake City, U.S. October 2004 April 2006 [202][203]
PAM Development Paris, France June 2005 June 2007 [201]
Venom Games Newcastle upon Tyne, England September 2004 July 2008 [201]
Rockstar Games Rockstar Vancouver Vancouver, Canada August 2002 July 2012 [185][204]
Rockstar Vienna Vienna, Austria January 2001 May 2006 [205][206]
Take-Two Interactive GearHead Entertainment Latrobe, Pennsylvania, U.S. 1997 1999 [citation needed]
Mission Studios Inverness, Illinois, U.S. September 1996 2001 [19][207]
Playdots New York City, U.S. September 2020 October 2022 [208][209][135]

Other holdings edit

Take-Two equally shares control of the NBA 2K League, a competitive esports league based on its NBA 2K series, along with the National Basketball Association.[210]

The company has an undisclosed minority interest in Scopely.[211] It had previously held 19.9% interest in Bungie, which it turned over to Microsoft Game Studios on their acquisition in June 2000,[212] in exchange for receiving the rights to Bungie's Myth and Oni IPs, and the license to use the Halo engine to produce two new games.[213][214] Take-Two also had a 2.3% interest in Twitch, which was bought out upon the service's acquisition by Amazon in 2014, receiving US$22 million from the sale.[215]

Litigation edit

Take-Two has used trademark dilution complaints to prevent other publishers and developers from registering trademarks comparable to Take-Two's own trademarks, such as blocking trademark registration that involve "rockstar", "bully", "2K", and the capital letter "R". The publisher filed a dispute against Hazelight Studios to block its attempt to trademark It Takes Two, due to the similarity of its name to Take-Two's. Hazelight was forced to abandon the trademark application, making it more difficult to promote the game.[216][217][218]

Take-Two has also been active in blocking the release of mods for Grand Theft Auto games. While some of these mods had used assets from the original games and gave valid reason for Take-Two to protect its copyrights, other mods that Take-Two had targeted were made from legal reverse engineering of the game, making Take-Two's claims contentious. Take-Two has clarified that it had no issue with mods intended for single-player games that were legally made, but would take action against other types of mods.[219]

Games published edit

Main article: List of Take-Two Interactive games

Notes edit

  1. ^ 2K Games had shut down 2K Marin entirely in 2013, but statements made by Zelnick in 2014 claimed 2K Marin would be responsible for future BioShock projects.[194][195] With the opening of Cloud Chamber in December 2019, it is unclear what the fate of 2K Marin is.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e "Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Reports Results for Fiscal Year 2023". Take-Two Interactive. May 17, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
  2. ^ Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. 2023 Annual Report
  3. ^ "Esports hits the court as players gear up for the NBA 2K League finals". CNBC. August 23, 2018. from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  4. ^ Jordan, Jon (March 16, 2018). "Earnings report roundup: Game industry winners and losers in Q4 2017". Gamasutra. from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Grant, Tina, ed. (2002). International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 46. St. James Press. pp. 390–391. ISBN 978-1558624641.
  6. ^ a b "Ryan Brant Obituary". Dignity Memorial. March 25, 2019. from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  7. ^ "Form 10-KSB – Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1997". Take-Two Interactive. February 6, 1998. from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via EDGAR.
  8. ^ a b Weinberg, Neil (April 12, 2004). "Take Who?". Forbes. from the original on May 26, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  9. ^ Himler, Jeff (November 12, 2019). "Latrobe hires local native, former IBM manager as new city manager". TribLive. from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  10. ^ a b Boyer, Mike (December 19, 2010). "Zoo: Casual video-game market proves lucrative". The Cincinnati Enquirer. p. G4. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ a b "Bulletin Board..." Latrobe Bulletin. November 16, 1996. p. 4. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ "Area Man Joins Firm". Latrobe Bulletin. August 22, 1995. p. 13. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "PowerPC centre in Taipei". South China Morning Post. June 14, 1994. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  14. ^ "Partnership announced". South Florida Sun Sentinel. July 1, 1994. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ Wood Shapiro, Lisa (October 9, 2019). "Ripper—the Inside Story of the Egregiously Bad Videogame". Wired. from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  16. ^ "Scouting Report – Gaming News You Can Use". Electronic Entertainment. No. 75. IDG Communications. September 1994. p. 74. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Internet Archive.
  17. ^ "More Breaking News". Nintendo Power. Vol. 69. Nintendo of America. February 1995. p. 113. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Internet Archive.
  18. ^ Pessah, Jon (July 9, 1995). "New Media Growth Along 'Silicon Alley'". Newsday. p. A36. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ a b Rogers, Dan Lee (March 3, 2004). "The End Game: How Top Developers Sold Their Studios – Part One". Gamasutra. from the original on September 23, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  20. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Probe Finds Backdating". TheStreet. January 22, 2007. from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
  21. ^ Mannes, George (April 14, 1997). "Internet firms dare to share". Daily News. p. 24. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ "IPOs chase upturn". National Post. Dow Jones. April 18, 1997. p. 21. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ Johnston, Chris (April 26, 2000). "GameTek Assets Sold to Take 2". GameSpot. from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
  24. ^ Beer, Matt (April 18, 1999). "Bay Area's 'developer shops'". San Francisco Examiner. p. A-15. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ^ "BMG Interactive Acquired by Take-Two Interactive". Telecompaper. from the original on August 27, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  26. ^ Johnston, Chris (April 28, 2000). "Take 2 Takes BMG". GameSpot. from the original on August 27, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  27. ^ . Develop. August 15, 2008. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  28. ^ "GTA, Rockstar co-founding brothers squeeze into Britain's 1,000 richest people list with £90 million". GameSpot. May 18, 2014. from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  29. ^ Hill, Logan (July 2, 2002). "Why Rockstar Games Rule". Wired. from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  30. ^ Thorsen, Tor (February 8, 2008). "D.I.C.E. '08: Riccitiello lords over "city-state" studio model". GameSpot. from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  31. ^ a b "Take Two Acquires Distributor". IGN. August 24, 1998. from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  32. ^ "COMPANY BRIEFS". The New York Times. August 25, 1998. from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  33. ^ "News Briefs". IGN. February 17, 1999. from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  34. ^ Ho, Jennifer (May 17, 2006). "Microsoft Acquires Bungie". GameSpot. from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  35. ^ . Take-Two Interactive. September 1, 1999. Archived from the original on May 23, 2000.
  36. ^ "Take-Two to buy video game software firm". Star-Gazette. March 10, 2000. p. 6A. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ^ McLean, James (October 3, 2000). "Gameplay picks up Pixel for £34m but losses mount". Evening Standard. p. 40. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ^ Cassy, John (October 4, 2000). "Gameplay buys stream ability". The Guardian. p. 27. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ a b Hatfield, Daemon (October 18, 2006). "Take-Two Founder Resigns". IGN. from the original on September 3, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  40. ^ "Company Profiles – 95: Take-Two Interactive Software Inc". Newsday. June 4, 2001. p. C32. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. ^ Mclean, Bethany (August 22, 2005). "Sex, Lies, and Videogames". Fortune. from the original on June 21, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  42. ^ Feldman, Curt (February 29, 1996). "Civilization sold off to mystery buyer". GameSpot. from the original on May 25, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  43. ^ Thorsen, Tor (October 25, 2005). "Take-Two takes over Civilization". GameSpot. from the original on May 25, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  44. ^ Curtin, Matthew (April 29, 2003). "Game maker eyes Vivendi unit". The Orlando Sentinel. p. C3. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  45. ^ a b c "Take-Two reveals acquisition prices, hints at future lawsuits". GameSpot. February 2, 2006. from the original on February 26, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
  46. ^ Feldman, Curt (January 24, 2005). "Sega officially out of the sports game". GameSpot. from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  47. ^ Adams, David (January 24, 2005). "Take Two Buys Visual Concepts". IGN. from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  48. ^ Jenkins, David (January 25, 2005). "Take-Two Acquires Visual Concepts, Announces 2K Games Brand". Gamasutra. from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  49. ^ Needleman, Sarah (June 23, 2016). "Videogame 'Civilization' to Make Inroads in Classrooms". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  50. ^ Loughrey, Paul (November 8, 2005). "Firaxis Games acquired by Take-Two Interactive". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  51. ^ Gibson, Ellie (January 10, 2006). "Take-Two Interactive acquires Irrational Games". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  52. ^ a b Richtel, Matt (February 15, 2007). "A Guilty Plea for Options Backdating". The New York Times. from the original on September 3, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  53. ^ "Video-game publisher lied to shareholders, suit says". The Baltimore Sun. December 27, 2001. p. 2C. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  54. ^ Maremont, Mark; Bulkeley, William M. (April 21, 2002). "Reports are early warnings, but technique is questioned". Star Tribune. p. D10. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ^ a b "City Inc". Newsday. Associated Press. March 17, 2004. p. A33. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. ^ "Take-Two's former chief sentenced to probation in option backdating case". The New York Times. August 1, 2007. from the original on September 3, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  57. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (March 25, 2019). "Take-Two founder Ryan Brant dies". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  58. ^ Harris, Ron (June 9, 2006). "'Grand Theft Auto' publishers settle with FTC". NBC News. from the original on September 3, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  59. ^ Itzkoff, David (September 3, 2009). "Four Years Later, Grand Theft Auto Lawsuit Is Settled". The New York Times. from the original on October 6, 2009. Retrieved September 4, 2009.
  60. ^ "Hamilton Landing is flying high". Barker Pacific Group. from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  61. ^ Ward, David (September 11, 2007). "Take-Two, Nick team on games". The Hollywood Reporter. Associated Press. from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  62. ^ Alexander, Leigh (December 17, 2007). "Take-Two Opens New Marin 2K Studio". Gamasutra. from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  63. ^ Martin, Matt (December 17, 2007). "Take Two opens new Californian studio". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  64. ^ a b Peters, Jeremy (March 30, 2007). "Stockholders Oust Chief at Take-Two". The New York Times. from the original on September 3, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  65. ^ Ingram, Tim (November 11, 2018). "Was This The Biggest Mistake In The History Of The Music Business?". Music Business Worldwide. from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  66. ^ Baertlein, Lisa; Ando, Ritsuko (March 7, 2007). "Take-Two investors plan board takeover". Reuters. from the original on September 3, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  67. ^ a b Nutt, Christian (February 25, 2008). "Q&A: EA CEO John Riccitiello On The Take-Two Offer". Gamasutra. from the original on September 3, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  68. ^ Morris, Chris. "Take-Two's Strauss Zelnick publishes big games, but doesn't play them". Fortune. from the original on June 5, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  69. ^ Boyer, Brandon (June 11, 2007). "Take-Two Announces Restructuring Plans, New CFO". Gamasutra. from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  70. ^ Boyer, Brandon (June 14, 2007). "Take-Two Clarifies Staff Shifts, Analyst Speculates On Sale". Gamasutra. from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  71. ^ Dubson, Jason (June 15, 2007). "Report: Take-Two To Announce Major European Layoffs". Gamasutra. from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  72. ^ "EA's $2 billion bid for Take Two bad news for sports gaming". Ars Technica. February 25, 2008. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
  73. ^ Terdiman, Daniel (February 24, 2008). "EA tries to buy Take-Two to keep its top spot". CNET. from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  74. ^ Thorsen, Tor (October 29, 2010). "Take-Two CEO resigns, chairman taking over". GameSpot. from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  75. ^ a b "Take-Two Rejects Electronic Arts' $1.9 Billion Offer". Reuters. February 25, 2007. from the original on September 3, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018 – via CNBC.
  76. ^ "If EA Bought 2K". IGN. January 6, 2008. from the original on September 22, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  77. ^ Das, Anupreeta (September 14, 2008). "Electronic Arts ends merger talks with Take Two". Reuters. from the original on September 3, 2018. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
  78. ^ Caoili, Eric. "Take-Two, Ditan Enter Distribution Agreement". Gamasutra. from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  79. ^ McWhertor, Michael (December 21, 2009). "Take-Two Sells Off Jack Of All Games, Goes All In On Publishing". Kotaku. from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  80. ^ Fritz, Ben (October 29, 2010). "Take-Two chief executive exits, to be replaced by chairman Strauss Zelnick". Los Angeles Times. from the original on October 31, 2010. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
  81. ^ Goldfarb, Andrew (February 14, 2013). "Take-Two Confirms WWE Publishing Deal". IGN. from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2013. We can confirm that we have entered into an agreement to publish the WWE video game series that is developed by Yukes.
  82. ^ Abrams, Rachel (November 26, 2013). "Take-Two Interactive Buys Back Icahn Stake". The New York Times. from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  83. ^ a b Ballard, John (August 27, 2018). "Take-Two Interactive Has Big Expectations for Upcoming Releases". The Motley Fool. from the original on September 11, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  84. ^ Johnston, Rich (December 16, 2013). "Bill Jemas Joins Take Two Interactive, To Start A "Graphic Fiction Imprint"". Bleeding Cool. from the original on January 20, 2014. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  85. ^ a b Arrant, Chris (October 30, 2014). "BILL JEMAS' New DOUBLE TAKE Ready to Launch with Zombies". Newsarama. from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  86. ^ a b Donnelly, Joe (November 3, 2016). "Take-Two's comic book arm to close – XCom, Civilization and Bioshock combined universe was almost a thing". PC Gamer. from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  87. ^ Klepek, Patrick (January 12, 2016). "Rockstar North Boss Leslie Benzies Is Out After Nearly Two Decades". Kotaku. from the original on August 31, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
  88. ^ Campbell, Colin (April 14, 2016). "The great Grand Theft Auto lawsuit explained". Polygon. from the original on June 19, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  89. ^ Spangler, Todd (July 26, 2016). "Mobile-Game Maker Scopely Raises $55 Million". from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
  90. ^ Lunden, Ingrid (February 2017). "Take-Two moves into mobile games, buys Social Point for up to $276M – TechCrunch". from the original on August 8, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  91. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Software Acquires Mobile Game Developer Social Point". Take-Two Interactive. February 2017. from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017 – via Business Wire.
  92. ^ Dring, Christopher (February 1, 2017). "Take-Two acquires mobile developer Social Point for $250m". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  93. ^ Needleman, Sarah (February 9, 2017). "NBA, Take-Two to Create Professional Videogame League". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on December 15, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  94. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Acquires Kerbal Space Program". Take-Two Interactive. May 31, 2017. from the original on June 3, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017 – via Business Wire.
  95. ^ a b Handrahan, Matthew (December 14, 2017). "With Private Division, Take-Two wants to empower a new breed of indie developer". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  96. ^ Bertz, Matt (December 14, 2017). "The Inside Story Of Take-Two's New Publishing Label, Private Division". Game Informer. from the original on December 15, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  97. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Takes Two Floors at 1133 Avenue of the Americas". Commercial Observer. December 20, 2016. from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  98. ^ Goldberg, Harold (October 15, 2018). "How the West Was Digitized: The making of Rockstar Games' Red Dead Redemption 2". Vulture. from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved October 20, 2018.
  99. ^ Millis, Leah (March 8, 2018). "Trump's video game meeting: Who's attending?". CBS News. from the original on March 9, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
  100. ^ Armental, Maria (March 9, 2018). "Take-Two, SVB Financial and Nektar Therapeutics to Join S&P 500". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  101. ^ "A central route to skills development in Ireland". from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
  102. ^ "Benzies v Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc". from the original on May 25, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
  103. ^ "Former GTA producer suffers setback in $150m lawsuit against Take Two". April 9, 2018. from the original on August 25, 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
  104. ^ McLaughlin, Martyn (January 5, 2019). "Grand Theft Auto pioneer accused of poaching staff in court battle". The Scotsman. from the original on January 6, 2019.
  105. ^ Needleman, Sarah (January 15, 2019). "NBA Inks Billion-Dollar Deal With Maker of 2K Videogame". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on January 17, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  106. ^ Brown, Fraser (February 4, 2019). "Call of Duty and Dead Space director opens a new 2K Games studio". PC Gamer. from the original on February 4, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  107. ^ Kerr, Chris (February 4, 2019). "Sledgehammer co-founder Michael Condrey to build and lead new 2K studio". Gamasutra. from the original on February 7, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  108. ^ Ivan, Tom (February 11, 2020). "2K's new 31st Union studio is making an 'ambitious and inspired original IP'". Video Games Chronicle. from the original on April 27, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
  109. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. - SEC Filing". from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
  110. ^ . New York Supreme Court. February 8, 2019. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  111. ^ Valentine, Rebekah (May 13, 2019). "Rockstar acquires Dhruva Interactive from Starbreeze for $7.9m". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  112. ^ "Starbreeze has closed the transaction of Indian subsidiary Dhruva". Starbreeze Studios. May 22, 2019. from the original on July 7, 2019. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  113. ^ Carpenter, Nicole (September 17, 2019). "Rockstar has its own game launcher, and GTA: San Andreas is free". Polygon. from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  114. ^ a b Robinson, Andy (February 20, 2020). "Take-Two forms new studio for KSP2, with original developer's role unclear". Video Games Chronicle. from the original on February 20, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  115. ^ a b Schreier, Jason (June 3, 2020). "Game Publisher Cancels Contract With Developer, Then Tries to Poach Its Entire Team". Bloomberg News. from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  116. ^ Stanley, Patrick (March 10, 2020). "NFL, 2K Games Ink Multi-Year Partnership for Numerous Future Titles". The Hollywood Reporter. from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
  117. ^ Kerr, Chris (August 18, 2020). "Take-Two Interactive acquires mobile studio Playdots for $192 million". Gamasutra. from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  118. ^ Avard, Alex (October 14, 2020). "Rockstar has officially bought Crackdown 2 developer Ruffian Games". GamesRadar+. from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  119. ^ "Take-Two to buy British videogame developer Codemasters for $973 mln". Reuters. November 6, 2020. from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  120. ^ Robinson, Andy (November 6, 2020). "Codemasters confirms it's in talks with Take-Two over a possible sale". Video Games Chronicle. from the original on December 15, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  121. ^ Phillips, Tom (November 10, 2020). "GTA publisher Take-Two confirms purchase of Codemasters in deal worth nearly $1bn". Eurogamer. from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  122. ^ Yin-Poole, Wesley (December 14, 2020). "EA overtakes Take-Two with $1.2bn offer for Codemasters". Eurogamer. from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  123. ^ Neto, Streisand (December 14, 2020). "EA snaps up racing game developer Codemasters in $1.2 billion deal". CNN. from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  124. ^ "Take-Two withdraws bid for Codemasters following EA offer of $1.2bn". GamesIndustry.biz. January 13, 2021. from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  125. ^ Kerr, Chris (February 18, 2021). "Saudi investment fund acquires shares in Activision Blizzard, Take-Two, and EA". Gamasutra. from the original on February 18, 2021. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  126. ^ a b Nunneley, Stephany (March 16, 2021). "2K signs exclusive PGA Tour deal with Tiger Woods, acquires PGA Tour 2K21 studio". VG247. from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  127. ^ a b Fahley, Mike (March 16, 2021). "2K Signs Tiger Woods, Buys The Studio Behind PGA Tour 2K21". Kotaku. from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  128. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (March 23, 2021). "2K acquires HookBang games business". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on March 23, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  129. ^ Dring, Christopher (June 2, 2021). "Take-Two enters soccer market with $378m Nordeus acquisition". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  130. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. to Report First Quarter Fiscal Year 2022 Results on Monday, August 2, 2021" (Press release). Take-Two Interactive. July 6, 2021. from the original on July 17, 2021. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  131. ^ Balu, Nivedita. "Take-Two to buy FarmVille maker Zynga in deal valued at $12.7 billion". Reuters. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
  132. ^ Peters, Jay (January 10, 2022). "Why Take-Two wants to pay nearly $13 billion for the maker of FarmVille". The Verge. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  133. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. and Zynga Inc. Stockholders Approve Proposals Related to Pending Transaction". May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  134. ^ a b c "Take-Two completes Zynga acquisition". May 23, 2022.
  135. ^ a b "Take-Two shutting down Playdots".
  136. ^ Dealessandri, Marie (March 28, 2023). "Take-Two acquires mobile games subscription service GameClub". GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  137. ^ Ballard, John (September 24, 2017). "Here's How Digital Revenue Has Benefited Take-Two Interactive". The Motley Fool. from the original on September 11, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
  138. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Announces Formation of 2K Games Publishing Label". GamesIndustry.biz. January 25, 2005. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  139. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Acquires Red Dead, NBA 2K Facial Animation Studio". IGN. July 2021. from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2021.
  140. ^ Johnston, Chris (April 28, 2000). "Take 2 Takes BMG". GameSpot. from the original on December 11, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  141. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Reports Better Than Expected Results for Fiscal First Quarter 2022 | Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc". from the original on August 3, 2021. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  142. ^ Jebens, Harley (March 3, 1999). "Take-Two Increases Online Presence". GameSpot. from the original on February 11, 2018. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  143. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Announces Strategic Investment in and Partnership With eUniverse.com". Take-Two Interactive. from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018 – via The Free Library.
  144. ^ Gestalt (May 1, 2000). "Take 2 Interactive buys GOD". Eurogamer. from the original on February 10, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  145. ^ "Take-Two reports loss, reorganizes publishing division". GameSpot. September 9, 2004. from the original on February 10, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  146. ^ "Take-Two Forms Gotham Games". IGN. July 22, 2002. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  147. ^ Thorsen, Tor (December 19, 2003). "Gotham Games gone". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  148. ^ "Take-Two Enters Agreement to Sell its Jack of All Games Distribution Business to SYNNEX". IGN. December 22, 2009. from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  149. ^ Jebens, Harley (February 28, 2000). "Take Two Grows By Two". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  150. ^ "Take 2 sells off Joytech". MCV/Develop. September 7, 2007. from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  151. ^ Parker, Sam (May 4, 2000). "Gathering Launches Mass-Market Line". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  152. ^ Walker, Trey (March 5, 2001). "On Deck Interactive folds". GameSpot. from the original on February 11, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  153. ^ "Take Two Gets Wide". IGN. March 9, 2000. from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  154. ^ "Gameplay.. Take Two". Eurogamer. October 6, 2000. from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  155. ^ Adams, David (December 2, 2003). "Take-Two Interactive Buys TDK". IGN. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  156. ^ Dunkin, Alan (December 24, 1998). "Take-Two Buys TalonSoft". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  157. ^ Carless, Simon (October 6, 2005). "Matrix Games Acquires Rights To Talonsoft Titles". Gamasutra. from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  158. ^ Ahmed, Shahed (May 17, 2006). "Take-Two acquires Techcorp Limited". GameSpot. from the original on February 10, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  159. ^ "Take Two Acquires Techcorp Ltd". Gamasutra. July 18, 2001. from the original on February 10, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  160. ^ Mullen, Micheal (April 27, 2000). "Take-Two Controlling Telstar". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  161. ^ . Take-Two Interactive. April 29, 1999. Archived from the original on July 13, 2000.
  162. ^ a b "Take-Two Interactive closes 2K China". GamesIndustry.biz. November 6, 2015. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  163. ^ "2K Madrid". 2K Madrid. from the original on April 1, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  164. ^ "2K Vegas". 2K Vegas. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  165. ^ "2K Games opens Silicon Valley game studio led by industry veteran Michael Condrey". Gematsu. February 4, 2019. from the original on February 4, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  166. ^ "2K Silicon Valley officially named 31st Union". February 11, 2020. from the original on October 26, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
  167. ^ Ivan, Tom (February 11, 2020). "2K's new 31st Union studio is making an 'ambitious and inspired original IP'". Video Games Chronicle. from the original on April 27, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
  168. ^ "Form 10-K – Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc". Take-Two Interactive. January 31, 2006. from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2019 – via EDGAR.
  169. ^ Batchelor, James (December 9, 2019). "2K opens Cloud Chamber to build "another unforgettable BioShock experience"". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
  170. ^ Thorsen, Tor (November 7, 2005). "Take-Two takes in Firaxis". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  171. ^ Puga, Lauren (December 4, 2014). "2K Forms New Studio With Star Wars Vet". IGN. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  172. ^ a b "Take-Two takes Sega's sports-game studios". CNET. from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  173. ^ Pereira, Chris (February 23, 2017). "Former BioShock Studio Irrational Games Adopts A New Name". GameSpot. from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  174. ^ "Private Division acquires OlliOlli developer Roll7". November 15, 2021.
  175. ^ "Take-Two publishing label Private Division buys OlliOlli studio". Eurogamer. November 15, 2021.
  176. ^ Robinson, Andy (October 12, 2020). "Rockstar has taken over Master Chief Collection developer Ruffian Games". Video Games Chronicle. from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
  177. ^ Silent_Jay (August 13, 2016). "Rockstar ouvre un nouveau studio en Inde". Jeuxvideo.com. from the original on February 10, 2019. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  178. ^ Makedonski, Brett (May 13, 2019). "Rockstar swoops as Starbreeze is forced to sell off a studio". Destructoid. from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
  179. ^ Calvert, Justin (April 8, 2004). "Mobius renamed Rockstar Leeds". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  180. ^ Johnston, Chris (April 28, 2000). "Take 2 Captures Tarantula". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  181. ^ "Rockstar London establishes new development studio". GamesIndustry.biz. November 22, 2005. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  182. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (April 4, 2008). "Rockstar acquires Mad Doc". GameSpot. from the original on October 17, 2018. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  183. ^ Kennedy, Sam (April 27, 2000). "Take-Two Acquires DMA Design". GameSpot. from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  184. ^ Calvert, Justin (November 20, 2002). "Angel Studios acquired by Rockstar". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  185. ^ a b Perry, Doug (August 1, 2002). "Take-Two Forms Rockstar Vancouver". IGN. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  186. ^ "Take-Two Interactive Software to Acquire Mobile Games Developer Nordeus". Take-Two Interactive. June 2, 2021. from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021 – via Business Wire.
  187. ^ "Take-Two enters soccer market with $378m Nordeus acquisition". June 2, 2021. from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  188. ^ Lunden, Ingrid (February 2017). "Take-Two moves into mobile games, buys Social Point for up to $276M". TechCrunch. from the original on August 8, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  189. ^ a b Jenkins, David (January 9, 2006). "Take-Two Acquires Irrational Games". Gamasutra. from the original on February 19, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  190. ^ Hindes, Daniel (April 15, 2015). "[Update] Borderlands: The Pre-Sequel Developer 2K Australia Has Shut Down". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  191. ^ Burnes, Andrew (May 9, 2006). "2K Games Shacks Up In Shanghai". IGN. from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  192. ^ Purchese, Robert (January 8, 2008). "Take-Two acquires Illusion Softworks". Eurogamer. from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  193. ^ "Have you seen these studios?". GamesIndustry.biz. January 4, 2018. from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  194. ^ Weber, Rachel (May 30, 2014). "Zelnick: 2K Marin now "responsible for" Bioshock franchise". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  195. ^ Rose, Mike (May 30, 2014). "2K Marin has been put in charge of BioShock's future". Gamasutra. from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  196. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (October 18, 2013). "2K Marin shut down entirely – Reports". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
  197. ^ Bernstein, Rachel (2007). "History". Sidecar Studios. from the original on March 20, 2007. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  198. ^ Chalk, Andy (February 23, 2017). "Irrational Games is gone—say hello to Ghost Story". PC Gamer. from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  199. ^ Parker, Sam (May 17, 2006). "Take Two Acquires Pop Top". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  200. ^ Thorsen, Tor (March 8, 2006). "PopTop folded into Firaxis?". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  201. ^ a b c Plunkett, Luke (January 16, 2012). "Every Game Studio That's Closed Down Since 2006". Kotaku. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  202. ^ Feldman, Curt (December 16, 2004). "Take-Two helps Microsoft get out of sports game". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  203. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (May 1, 2006). "Indie Built corporately dismantled". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  204. ^ Parker, Laura (July 11, 2012). "Rockstar expands its Toronto operations". GameSpot. from the original on September 6, 2018. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  205. ^ "Gameplay sells subsidiary for £1". Citywire. from the original on June 24, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  206. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (May 11, 2006). "Take-Two closes Rockstar Vienna?". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  207. ^ Chang, Kasey (June 24, 2002). "Jetfighter IV: Fortress America – Unofficial Strategy Guide and FAQ". The Spoiler Centre. from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  208. ^ Bary, Emily. "Take-Two to acquire Two Dots developer Playdots for $192 million". MarketWatch. from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  209. ^ "Archived copy". from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  210. ^ Lowe, Zach (February 9, 2017). "NBA, Take-Two Interactive Software partnering on NBA 2K esports league". ESPN. from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  211. ^ Spangler, Todd (June 15, 2017). "Mobile Games Maker Scopely Banks $60 Million With Valuation Over $600 Million". Variety. from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  212. ^ "Games eveloper part of Microsoft". The Province. June 20, 2000. p. A25. from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  213. ^ Cohen, Peter (June 20, 2000). "Bungie CEO talks Microsoft deal". ZDNet. from the original on January 13, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  214. ^ "FORM 10-K, TAKE-TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE, INC". Take-Two Interactive. October 31, 2002. from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved February 5, 2021 – via EDGAR.
  215. ^ Takahasi, Dean (October 29, 2014). "Take-Two made $22M on its investment in gameplay livestreaming king Twitch". VentureBeat. from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  216. ^ Coulson, Josh (December 1, 2021). "Take-Two Targets It Takes Two In Latest Wave Of Trademark Disputes". TheGamer. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  217. ^ "List of trademark disputes relating to Take-Two Interactive". United States Patent and Trademark Office.
  218. ^ Phillips, Tom (December 3, 2021). "Josef Fares' It Takes Two hit by Take-Two claim". Eurogamer. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  219. ^ Livingstone, Christopher (June 23, 2017). "Rockstar is talking with OpenIV developer, issues new statement on mods". PC Gamer. from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021.

External links edit

  • Official website
  • Business data for Take-Two Interactive:
    • Google
    • SEC filings
    • Yahoo!

November 23, 2023
take, interactive, take, redirects, here, other, uses, take, software, american, video, game, holding, company, based, york, city, founded, ryan, brant, september, 1993, software, headquarters, 1133, avenue, americastypepublictraded, asnasdaq, ttwos, component. Take Two redirects here For other uses see Take Two Take Two Interactive Software Inc is an American video game holding company based in New York City founded by Ryan Brant in September 1993 Take Two Interactive Software Inc Headquarters at 1133 Avenue of the AmericasTypePublicTraded asNasdaq TTWOS amp P 500 componentIndustryVideo gamesFoundedSeptember 30 1993 30 years ago 1993 09 30 FounderRyan BrantHeadquartersNew York City USKey peopleStrauss Zelnick chairman and CEO Karl Slatoff president Lainie Goldstein CFO ProductsBioShock seriesBorderlands seriesCivilization seriesGrand Theft Auto seriesMafia seriesMax Payne seriesNBA 2K seriesPGA Tour 2K seriesRed Dead seriesWWE 2K seriesXCOM seriesRevenueUS 5 349 billion 1 2023 Operating incomeUS 1 165 billion 1 2023 Net incomeUS 1 124 billion 1 2023 Total assetsUS 15 86 billion 1 2023 Total equityUS 9 042 billion 1 2023 Number of employees11 580 2 2023 DivisionsT2 Mobile GamesSubsidiaries2KDynamixyzGhost Story GamesNBA 2K League 50 NordeusPrivate DivisionRockstar GamesSocialpointZyngaWebsitetake2games comThe company owns two major publishing labels Rockstar Games and 2K which operate internal game development studios Take Two created the Private Division label to support publishing from independent developers and more recently announced a new internal studio for the label called Intercept Games The company also formed Ghost Story Games which was a former 2K studio under the name Irrational Games The company acquired the developers Socialpoint Playdots and Nordeus to establish itself in the mobile game market The company also owns 50 of professional esports organization NBA 2K League 3 Take Two s combined portfolio includes franchises such as BioShock Borderlands Grand Theft Auto NBA 2K WWE 2K and Red Dead among others As of September 2023 it is the second largest publicly traded game company in the Americas and Europe after Electronic Arts with an estimated market cap of US 23 billion 4 Contents 1 History 1 1 1993 2000 Formation and initial growth 1 2 2001 2006 Further acquisitions and regulatory investigations 1 3 2007 2008 Shareholder takeover and attempted buy out 1 4 2008 2018 Continued growth 1 5 2019 present Studio expansions 2 Company structure 2 1 Publishers 2 1 1 Former 2 2 Developers 2 2 1 Former 2 3 Other holdings 3 Litigation 4 Games published 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksHistory edit1993 2000 Formation and initial growth edit Take Two Interactive was founded by Ryan Ashley Brant the son of media executive and Interview co owner Peter Brant Ryan Brant had attended the Hotchkiss School and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania graduating in May 1992 He began his career in May 1991 working for his father as the chief operating officer of Stewart Tabori amp Chang a publisher of illustrated books until August 1993 5 6 As Brant wanted to forge his own path he decided to create a video game publishing company He stated I wanted to get into a business where I could raise capital as a younger guy In technology people expect you to be a younger person 5 An initial US 1 5 million in funding was raised from his family and private investors 5 Take Two was incorporated in Delaware on September 30 1993 with Brant 21 years old at the time as chief executive officer CEO 7 8 The business was launched with assistance from John Antinori and Mark Seremet 9 10 Seremet sold his stake in the company in 1998 10 Early on Take Two had a location in Latrobe Pennsylvania 11 12 By June 1994 the company had acquired and absorbed InterOptica a software publisher owned by Wan Chai and headed by Catherine Winchester later Heald the latter became Take Two s first president 13 Later that month Take Two struck a deal with GameTek that would see the publisher distribute five of Take Two s games worldwide 14 15 Starting with Star Crusader in September 1994 16 Take Two found its first major success within games that included full motion video with well known live actors performing the parts following the success that Mechadeus had with The Daedalus Encounter which featured Tia Carrere 5 Take Two hired Dennis Hopper among others to star in parts for Hell A Cyberpunk Thriller 1994 which sold over 300 000 copies over the following year and established profit for the company This was followed by Ripper 1996 of which US 625 000 of its US 2 5 million budget was used to hire actors such as Christopher Walken Karen Allen and Burgess Meredith The success of both these games as well as earlier titles led to a publishing agreement between Take Two and Acclaim Entertainment to publish Take Two s titles as well as obtaining overseas distribution Take Two also secured a license with Sony Computer Entertainment to publish on the PlayStation line of consoles 5 In February 1995 GameTek acquired a stake in Take Two aligning the studio with its own Alternative Reality Technologies 17 By July 1995 Take Two had established its head office in the Silicon Alley area of New York City 18 Take Two expanded in its Latrobe location and in September 1996 took over the second floor of its office building which had been occupied by the Chestnut Ridge Chapter of the American Red Cross 11 Around 1996 the company was making about US 10 million but Brant wanted to further expand the company and made its first acquisition of Mission Studios and publishing its JetFighter III game in 1996 19 Brant decided to secure additional funds for acquisition by taking the company public 20 The company announced this intent in April 1997 looking to raise 8 2 million 21 The company had its initial public offering IPO on April 15 1997 being listed under the ticker symbol TTWO on the NASDAQ stock exchange The opening price was 5 50 above the expected 5 and on its first day rose to 5 75 22 From the IPO the company gained about US 6 5 million along with US 4 million on venture fund promissory notes 5 At this time Peter Brant had been the largest shareholder in Take Two at 25 owned through Bridgehampton Investors LP which also had Ryan Brant as general partner 8 The additional funds allowed Take Two to acquire GameTek s European operations its internal Alternative Reality Technologies studio later renamed Rockstar Toronto and the rights to GameTek s Dark Colony The Quivering The Reap Jeopardy and Wheel of Fortune games 5 23 The company hired Kelly Sumner a GameTek executive director as part of this purchase Additionally the company acquired Inventory Management Systems Creative Alliance Group and Alliance Inventory Management three video game distribution companies that helped to extend Take Two s reach into the retail market 5 In the same year Take Two stepped in as the publisher of Monkey Hero Its developer Blam had been struggling financially after the game s original publisher BMG Interactive was shut down by its parent company BMG Entertainment 24 In March 1998 Take Two acquired all assets of BMG Interactive for 1 85 million shares 16 of Take Two s common stock worth about US 14 2 million 25 26 In the previous year the United Kingdom based DMA Design and BMG Entertainment had just released Grand Theft Auto and while it financially performed well but was not a critical success in Europe it had sparked controversy over the use of violence in video games with United States Senator Joe Lieberman speaking out strongly against it Seeing the opportunity to capture attention on the game Brant had initiated the acquisition of BMG as to acquire the Grand Theft Auto property and at the same time contacted BMG s Sam and Dan Houser both instrumental to getting Grand Theft Auto to market Terry Donovan and Jamie King to found a new label within Take Two called Rockstar Games for which to develop more titles like it 27 28 29 Electronic Arts EA 2008 CEO John Riccitiello stated that with the establishing of Rockstar Take Two effectively invented the label corporate structure which EA followed into in 2008 30 With the rights to Grand Theft Auto Take Two expanded its publication into North America and the game became Take Two s first financial success with over 1 5 million copies sold 5 Take Two also began taking on distribution capabilities acquiring various distribution firms such as DirectSoft Australia for the Oceania market 5 Notably in August 1998 Take Two acquired Jack of All Games an America game distributor for about US 16 8 million Take Two subsequently bundled many of its existing and future distribution outlets under the Jack of All Games brand 31 32 33 In 1999 Take Two acquired DMA Design ultimately renamed Rockstar North and invested into Gathering of Developers and Bungie eventually transferred over to Microsoft Game Studios 5 34 In September the company also acquired Triad Distributors and Global Star Software a video game distributor and publisher respectively both founded in 1993 by Craig McGauley and Damian Cristiani and operating out of the same offices in Concord Ontario with the same management team 35 Israeli developer Pixel Broadband Studios was acquired for 50 4 million in March 2000 36 before Take Two sold it off to Gameplay com in October that year receiving 34 1 million in Gameplay com shares in return 37 38 2001 2006 Further acquisitions and regulatory investigations edit nbsp Take Two s logo from 1999 to 2004In February 2001 Brant stepped down as CEO of Take Two to serve as its chairman being replaced in the former role by Sumner 5 39 Around this time the company had 658 employees 40 With Rockstar Take Two invested into developments of sequels to Grand Theft Auto including Grand Theft Auto 2 1999 and Grand Theft Auto III 2001 along with sequels Grand Theft Auto Vice City 2002 and Grand Theft Auto San Andreas 2004 By 2003 Take Two had revenues exceeding US 1 billion 41 In 2004 Take Two paid US 22 3 million to Infogrames for the rights to the Civilization series 42 43 The company had also planned to acquire Vivendi Universal Games for 1 billion 44 In 2005 Take Two began a host of acquisitions spending more than US 80 million buying game developers 45 One of its largest acquisitions was for the development studios Visual Concepts and Kush Games from Sega for about US 32 million in January 2005 Both studios had been extensively behind several sports simulation games branded through ESPN and typically released updated versions each year using a 2K brand to differentiate versions such as ESPN NFL 2K5 In 2004 Take Two had struck a deal with Sega to help publish these titles Just prior to Take Two s acquisition Electronic Arts announced it had secured the exclusive rights to create video games based on the National Football League NFL and a fifteen year branding deal with ESPN effectively killing Visual Concepts own NFL title and devaluing their others games This decision led Sega to abandon the sports game market Take Two acquired these studios and unique branding including the 2K brand as well as negotiated for exclusive rights with Major League Baseball for video games 46 47 A day after announcing these acquisitions Take Two established their 2K publishing label to maintain the 2K brand moving several planned games from their budget software label Global Star to 2K Take Two further realigned the other existing internal studios Indie Built Venom Games PopTop Software and Frog City Software and Take Two Licensing within this new structure 48 After the formation of 2K Take Two completed other major acquisitions Firaxis Games was acquired in November 2005 for around US 27 million 49 Take Two had already supported the studio by using their acquisition of the Civilization license to support publishing of Civilization IV 50 Irrational Games was acquired around January 2006 for about US 10 million including both its Boston and its Canberra studio 45 At the time Irrational had already established a publishing deal with Take Two for their upcoming BioShock game With the deal Irrational became part of the 2K label 51 It also acquired PAM Development from the Gaia Capital Group for US 11 4 million giving them access to the Top Spin series of tennis games 45 However during this period the U S Securities and Exchange Commission SEC began examining Take Two s business records based on complaints filed from 2001 that Take Two s earnings did not seem to match figures of game sales reported by NPD Group The SEC s formal complaint found that the company had purportedly sold products to distributors as a parking transaction for a quarter as to artificially increase their revenues for investors which it estimated was a US 60 million fraud 52 A lawsuit was filed against Take Two in December 2001 alleging that the company had lied to shareholders 53 Take Two initially restated seven quarters of past financial results in February 2002 then five years in January 2004 54 55 Brant stepped down as chairman in March being succeeded by Richard Roedel 55 After the SEC s issuance of the complaint in 2005 Take Two agreed to pay a US 7 5 million fine along with Brant and other executives paying fines totaling around US 6 4 million Brant who had remained with the company in the non executive role of Vice President of Production ultimately resigned from the company in October 2006 following a four month disability leave due to a bad back 39 In 2007 a separate investigation by the SEC found further issues with Brant and two other executives of the company In an industry wide sweep against options backdating receiving shares when they are priced high but backdating their ownership to when they were priced low the SEC had found Brant had received backdating options of over 2 1 million shares though he had excised all options upon his 2006 resignation Brant pleaded guilty to falsifying business records but agreed to co operate with the SEC and instead of receiving up to four years in prison was fined US 7 3 million and barred from holding any control management positions in a publicly traded company 52 56 Brant died of cardiac arrest in March 2019 at the age of 47 6 57 Further troubling Take Two during this period was criticism and legal actions taken against the Hot Coffee mod a user made modification to Grand Theft Auto San Andreas that unlocked a hidden graphic sex scene that was built into the game with concerned politicians and consumers stating the scene belied the game s ESRB content rating Actions taken against Take Two included an investigation by the Federal Trade Commission for deceptive advertising to which Take Two and Rockstar settled in 2006 on fines for any future violations of content ratings 58 Take Two completed a US 20 1 million settlement related to class action lawsuits filed against it in 2005 over the Hot Coffee mod as well as to a class action lawsuit brought by shareholders over the options backdating fraud in September 2009 59 2007 2008 Shareholder takeover and attempted buy out edit A fire had damaged part of the Take Two headquarters building in New York in 2006 In early January 2007 Take Two relocated the headquarters for 2K to Novato California to 65 000 square feet of space at Hamilton Landing an office park that had repurposed the former hangar structures from the Hamilton Army Airfield 60 Later that year in September Take Two established a partnership with Nickelodeon and launched a new label 2K Play designed for publishing of family friendly titles alongside 2K s 2K Games and 2K Sports sub labels absorbing the remaining publishing duties of the Global Star label 61 In December 2007 Take Two established 2K Marin named after Marin County where Novato is located and expanded its presence at Hamilton Landing 62 63 nbsp Zelnick in 2015Due to the various SEC investigations and the Hot Coffee controversy investors in Take Two discussed the possibility to taking over the company at its next board meeting in March 2007 as to oust the company s current management There was also issues with Take Two failing to make its revenue targets having lost US 163 3 million in 2006 64 The investors OppenheimerFunds Inc S A C Capital Management Tudor Investment Corp D E Shaw Valence Portfolios and ZelnickMedia held 46 of the company s stock at this point and were looking to put ZelnickMedia s Strauss Zelnick as the chairman of the board while outing long standing management and board members Zelnick had previously been president and CEO of BMG s North American division at the time of the sale of BMG Interactive to Take Two a move he had been against believing that BMG could have capitalized on the video game sector more Following BMG Zelnick had been COO of 20th Century Fox and CEO of Crystal Dynamics He founded ZelnickMedia few years later in 2001 as a private equity firm to focus on media and interactive entertainment investments 65 Industry analyst Michael Pachter stated that a takeover would be best for Take Two as the present management completely abdicated any responsibility for the oversight of the options granting policy A more responsible board would have committed hari kari 66 The current CEO Paul Eibeler who had replaced Brant after his resignation had tried to find a buyer for Take Two after the investors filed their intent with the SEC among which included EA 67 but could not negotiate a sale before the meeting The takeover was successfully agreed to by stockholders on March 29 2007 with Zelnick naming Ben Feder a partner at ZelnickMedia as the new CEO 64 As of July 2015 update Strauss Zelnick is the largest single shareholder by voting power 68 The company announced a major restructuring in mid 2007 following the takeover With the move of the 2K labels to Novato the executive management distribution and sales areas were evaluated to align these by business discipline rather than geography 69 Subsequently the company let go about 5 to 15 of its approximately 2100 employees closed down some of its European offices and centralizing these in its Geneva location and looked to get out of the distribution market by looking for buyers of Jack of All Games 70 71 In mid February 2008 EA made a US 25 per share all cash transaction offer worth around US 1 9 billion 72 to the board of Take Two subsequently revising it to US 26 per share after being rejected and making the offer known to the public 73 At the time Take Two s stock was valued around US 10 per share 74 EA CEO John Riccitiello said that EA had previously considered a deal for Take Two in the previous year when they were approached by Eibeler 67 however with Activision s acquisition of Vivendi Games in December 2007 EA was looking to resecure itself as one of the top video game publishers with the acquisition of Take Two While Take Two had been discussing the potential of a buyout to a large media company after the shareholder takeover Zelnick and the board rejected the offer with Zelnick stating We didn t slam the door we just said look the price is not right and the time is wrong 75 Take Two offered to discuss the offer after Grand Theft Auto IV s release on April 29 2008 which many considered to be the lucrative property that EA desired 75 An acquisition would have ended EA s main competition in sports video games 76 EA continued to extend its bid offer throughout 2008 but by September 2008 EA decided to back away and let the offer expire as Take Two continued to call EA s cash offer as inadequate 77 2008 2018 Continued growth edit In September 2008 Take Two established an outsourcing agreement with Ditan Distribution LLC at the time owned by Cinram a Canadian manufacturer of optical media Through the agreement Take Two offloaded all distributing duties from Jack of All Games to Ditan while establishing the means for Jack of All Games to license and distribute third party titles 78 Subsequently in December 2009 Take Two sold Jack of All Games to Synnex for about US 43 million leaving the distribution market and focusing solely on development and publishing 79 In 2010 Ben Feder stepped down as CEO and was replaced by Zelnick who remains the company s chairman and CEO 80 In January 2013 while being dissolved THQ sold the rights of the WWE wrestling games series to Take Two 81 Subsequently 2K Sports has published annual WWE 2K games as part of its lineup Around 2013 Take Two began to repurchase about 7 5 million outstanding shares of the company about 10 based on the company s projections that it would remain profitable over the next several years As part of this the company bought back around 12 million shares owned by Carl Icahn about 11 of the total shares for about US 203 million Icahn had been seen as favoring selling the company to a buyer This subsequently led to three board members who had been recommended on the board by Icahn to resign 82 The move to buy back shares was seen by analysts of the company s assurance in Grand Theft Auto V which was released in September 2013 Grand Theft Auto V has since sold nearly 100 million units by 2018 making it one of the most successful video games ever and bringing an estimated US 6 billion to Take Two increasing its stock value by more than 600 83 In December 2013 former Marvel editor in chief Bill Jemas announced that he had joined Take Two to start a graphic fiction imprint 84 The imprint Double Take Comics was launched in October 2014 85 but ultimately was not successful and was shuttered in November 2016 86 Leslie Benzies former President of Rockstar North took sabbatical leave from Rockstar on September 1 2014 In January 2016 it was announced that he had left the company 87 On April 12 2016 Benzies started legal action against Rockstar and Take Two claiming 150 million in unpaid royalties 88 Take Two had invested into mobile game developer Scopely in July 2016 89 On February 1 2017 the company acquired social and mobile game developer Social Point for about US 250 million to enter into the mobile gaming industry 90 91 92 In that same month Take Two and the National Basketball Association NBA announced a partnership to create the NBA 2K League a professional eSports league based on the NBA 2K games and the first eSports league to be managed by a professional sports league Teams for the League are to be partially sponsored by existing NBA teams so that there would be eSports equivalent teams for each of the thirty professional NBA teams The inaugural season is planned to launch in May 2018 93 On May 31 2017 Take Two Interactive acquired Kerbal Space Program 94 Later Take Two announced the formation of its Private Division publishing label on December 14 2017 Private Division was established to fund and publish games by mid size independent development studios such as Kerbal Space Program and had four planned games from separate studios at its launch 95 96 The company completed its move of its New York headquarters from NoHo to more than 61 000 square feet of space in Bryant Park in early 2018 97 According to Dan Houser Rockstar Games required to expand in the two companies shared headquarters and thus asked the Take Two executives to move 98 On March 8 2018 Zelnick attended a White House meeting held by the 45th president of the United States Donald Trump along with various other attendees involved with the video game industry and members of Congress to discuss video game violence in the wake of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting 99 On March 9 2018 S amp P Global announced the addition of Take Two Interactive to the S amp P 500 joining two other major video game publishers EA and Activision Blizzard 100 Similar to the situation in 2013 Take Two started buying back around US 308 million of its stock estimated to be about 2 5 of the outstanding stock predicated on similar expectations that Red Dead Redemption 2 to be released in October 2018 would similarly boost the company s profits as Grand Theft Auto V had done 83 On March 29 2018 Benzies litigation against Rockstar and Take Two suffered a significant setback when the companies succeeded in dismissing 12 out of 18 of his claims though the court did rule that Benzies remains entitled to receive certain royalties as part of his compensation 101 102 103 Sometime in 2018 Take Two levied a legal warning against Benzies new company Royal Circus Games citing the similarity of its acronym RCG to Rockstar Games RSG as an infringement of intellectual property due to this Benzies later renamed his company Build a Rocket Boy Games in October 2018 Take Two had also decried their employment of Rockstar North staff as a deceptive tactic to create an affiliation between them 104 Take Two and the NBA signed a seven year US 1 1 billion licensing deal to extend Take Two s rights to develop the NBA 2K games in January 2019 Analysts estimated that this represented at least 15 of Take Two s revenue from the sale of NBA 2K games atypical of other license deals due to the growing popularity of the series 105 2019 present Studio expansions edit A then yet to be named studio under the 2K brand in the Silicon Valley region of the San Francisco Bay Area was established by Take Two in February 2019 The studio is led by Michael Condrey formerly of Sledgehammer Games and Visceral Games and was initially working on an unannounced project 106 107 A year later it was announced that the studio would be officially named 31st Union that it was opening a second studio in Spain and that it was focusing on an ambitious and inspired new IP 108 On February 7 2019 Benzies litigation with Take Two had officially come to an end 109 All parties involved in the case successfully executed a confidential settlement with each agreeing to bear its own costs and expenses including without limitation attorney s fees 110 In May 2019 Rockstar Games announced that they had acquired Dhruva Interactive from Starbreeze Studios for 7 9 million with the sale having been finalized later that same month The company had been merged into Rockstar India which added an additional 320 employees to the studio 111 112 In September 2019 Rockstar Games announced that they had released their own game launcher a digital distribution digital rights management multiplayer and communications service 113 Take Two established a new yet to be named studio under Private Division in February 2020 later named Intercept Games located in Seattle to take on the development of Kerbal Space Program 2 The new studio staff included more than a dozen former members of Star Theory Games who had been working on the title including Jeremy Ables and Nate Simpson from Star Theory which had been previously handling the development of the game but outside of Take Two s structure 114 115 Via 2K Sports Take Two established a new publishing agreement with the NFL in March 2020 to start republishing NFL games starting in 2021 While EA s Madden series will coexist and remain the official game of the NFL while 2K s are called non simulation football game experiences to distinguish from EA s games 116 In August 2020 Take Two announced it was acquiring mobile game developer Playdots developer of the mobile games Dots Two Dots and Dots amp Co for 192 million in cash and stock with the acquisition expected to be completed in Q3 2020 117 In October 2020 it was announced that Take Two had acquired Dundee based Ruffian Games known for their work on Halo The Master Chief Collection and Crackdown 3 after a year long development partnership on an undisclosed partnership following the acquisition Ruffian became part of Rockstar Games as Rockstar Dundee 118 Take Two offered to buyout Codemasters in November 2020 in a deal valued approximately US 973 million While the offer awaited regulatory approval and was expected to be complete by early 2021 both Take Two and Codemasters board of directors confirmed the deal 119 120 121 However Take Two s bid was subsequently trumped by Electronic Arts in December 2020 which offered US 1 2 billion US 7 98 per share and agreed to acquire Codemasters 122 123 Take Two formally withdrew its offer in January 2021 124 The Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia acquired 3 9 million shares of Take Two valued at 826 million in February 2021 125 2K acquired HB Studios in March 2021 who previously developed PGA Tour 2K21 and The Golf Club 2019 featuring PGA Tour under 2K Sports publishing labels The acquisition includes the rights to the PGA Tour games which have the official endorsement of the PGA Tour itself 126 Additionally 2K announced they had secured a contract with Tiger Woods who had previously been a key figure for Electronic Arts PGA Tour series as an executive director and consultant for future 2K PGA Tour games as well as his likeness for the games 127 Later that month 2K acquired the games division of HookBang based in Austin Texas which had supported work on the NBA 2K series in the past The division was relocated to a new Austin location and rebranded as Visual Concepts Austin to continue support for that series 128 In June 2021 Take Two made its largest acquisition to date with the 378 million acquisition of Top Eleven developer Nordeus further expanding its mobile game division which as of July 2021 is known as T2 Mobile Games 129 130 Take Two Interactive announced its intent to acquire the mobile developer Zynga in January 2022 in a cash and stock deal with a value of 12 7 billion with Take Two acquiring all outstanding shares of Zynga at 9 86 apiece The deal was expected to close in June 131 Take Two said that the acquisition would help boost its presence in the mobile gaming market stating We see tremendous untapped potential to bring Take Two s renowned console and PC properties to mobile a high priority initiative that will be energized by the addition of Zynga s leading development publishing and live operations teams 132 Both shareholders of the companies approved the merger on May 19 2022 and the closing of the transaction took effect on May 23 2022 133 134 In October 2022 Take Two announced that Playdots would be shut down with control of Two Dots being transferred to Zynga 135 In March 2023 Take Two acquired mobile games subscription service GameClub for an undisclosed sum 136 Company structure editSee also List of acquisitions by Take Two Interactive Take Two s executive offices and worldwide headquarters are located in New York City The company runs its European operations from Windsor England and its Asian operations from Singapore As of 2018 update Take Two s primary business is through two self owned publishing labels One label is Rockstar Games also located in New York City and is specialized on development and publication of action adventure games such as Grand Theft Auto The other label is 2K headquartered in Novato California and is composed of its divisions 2K Games 2K Sports and 2K Play The 2K Sports division handles the development and publication of Take Two s sports simulation games such as the NBA 2K series 2K Play covers family friendly and children s video games produced by Take Two s studios 2K Games handles nearly all other production from Take Two s internal development studios as well as titles from selected third parties such as the Borderlands series developed by Gearbox Software Separately Take Two owns Private Division a label designed to help publish and market games from mid sized independent developers such as Squad s Kerbal Space Program Finally Take Two owns Social Point a developer for the mobile game market With this structure been in place since 1997 1998 each labels are incorporated principal operating businesses and have a higher degree of autonomy and each with their own infrastructure and resources management and profit and loss strategies Take Two has divested itself of its older manufacturing and distribution operations in favor of digital publication and third party retail distribution Since 2016 around half of the company s revenues are from digital distribution whether from digital sales of games through personal computer or consoles or through video game monetization of its computer console and mobile titles 137 Publishers edit Name Location Founded or acquired Ref 2K Novato California U S January 2005 138 Dynamixyz Cesson Sevigne France July 2021 139 Private Division New York City U S December 2017 95 Rockstar Games December 1998 140 T2 Mobile Games June 2021 141 Zynga San Mateo California U S May 2022 134 Former edit Name Location Founded or acquired Closed or divested Ref Double Take Comics New York City U S October 2014 November 2016 85 86 DVDWave com Berkeley California U S March 1999 December 1999 142 143 Gathering of Developers New York City U S May 2000 December 2004 144 145 Global Star Software August 1999 September 2007Gotham Games July 2002 December 2003 146 147 Jack of All Games West Chester Ohio U S August 1998 February 2010 31 148 Joytech London England February 1999 September 2007 149 150 On Deck Interactive Dallas Texas U S May 2000 March 2001 151 152 Pixel Broadband Studios Tel Aviv Israel March 2000 October 2000 153 154 Take Two Licensing Westlake Village California U S December 2003 January 2005 155 TalonSoft Baltimore U S December 1998 2002 156 157 Techcorp Hong Kong China July 2001 September 2007 158 159 Telstar Electronic Studios Walton on Thames England April 1999 April 1999 160 161 Developers edit Parent Name Location Founded or acquired Ref 2K 2K Chengdu Chengdu China June 2011 162 2K Madrid Madrid Spain July 2020 163 2K Vegas Las Vegas Nevada U S 2006 164 31st Union Foster City California U S February 2019 165 166 167 Cat Daddy Games Kirkland Washington U S 2003 168 Cloud Chamber Novato California U S December 2019 169 Firaxis Games Sparks Maryland U S November 2005 170 Hangar 13 Novato California U S December 2014 171 HB Studios Lunenburg Nova Scotia Canada March 2021 126 127 Visual Concepts Novato California U S January 2005 172 Ghost Story Games Westwood Massachusetts U S February 2017 173 Private Division Intercept Games Seattle Washington U S February 2020 114 115 Roll7 London England November 2021 174 175 Rockstar Games Rockstar Dundee Dundee Scotland October 2020 176 Rockstar India Bangalore India August 2016 177 178 Rockstar Leeds Leeds England March 2004 179 Rockstar Lincoln Lincoln England June 1998 180 Rockstar London London England November 2005 181 Rockstar New England Ballardvale Massachusetts U S April 2008 182 Rockstar North Edinburgh Scotland September 1999 183 Rockstar San Diego Carlsbad California U S November 2002 184 Rockstar Toronto Oakville Ontario Canada July 1997 185 T2 Mobile Games Nordeus Belgrade Serbia June 2021 186 187 Socialpoint Barcelona Spain January 2017 188 Zynga BossAlien Brighton England May 2022 134 Chartboost San Francisco CaliforniaEchtra Games San Francisco CaliforniaGram Games London EnglandNaturalMotion London EnglandPeak Games Istanbul TurkeyRollic Istanbul TurkeySmall Giant Games Helsinki FinlandStarlark Beijing ChinaFormer edit Parent Name Location Founded or acquired Closed or divested Ref 2K 2K Australia Canberra Australia January 2006 April 2015 189 190 2K China Shanghai China May 2006 November 2015 162 191 2K Czech Brno Czech Republic January 2008 2017 192 193 2K Marin Novato California U S 2007 October 2013 a 196 Frog City Software San Francisco U S 2003 2006 197 Irrational Games Quincy Massachusetts U S January 2006 February 2017 189 198 Magic Pockets Torcy France June 2005 January 2007 citation needed PopTop Software Fenton Missouri U S July 2000 March 2006 199 200 2K Los Angeles Camarillo California U S January 2005 2008 172 201 Indie Built Salt Lake City U S October 2004 April 2006 202 203 PAM Development Paris France June 2005 June 2007 201 Venom Games Newcastle upon Tyne England September 2004 July 2008 201 Rockstar Games Rockstar Vancouver Vancouver Canada August 2002 July 2012 185 204 Rockstar Vienna Vienna Austria January 2001 May 2006 205 206 Take Two Interactive GearHead Entertainment Latrobe Pennsylvania U S 1997 1999 citation needed Mission Studios Inverness Illinois U S September 1996 2001 19 207 Playdots New York City U S September 2020 October 2022 208 209 135 Other holdings edit Take Two equally shares control of the NBA 2K League a competitive esports league based on its NBA 2K series along with the National Basketball Association 210 The company has an undisclosed minority interest in Scopely 211 It had previously held 19 9 interest in Bungie which it turned over to Microsoft Game Studios on their acquisition in June 2000 212 in exchange for receiving the rights to Bungie s Myth and Oni IPs and the license to use the Halo engine to produce two new games 213 214 Take Two also had a 2 3 interest in Twitch which was bought out upon the service s acquisition by Amazon in 2014 receiving US 22 million from the sale 215 Litigation editTake Two has used trademark dilution complaints to prevent other publishers and developers from registering trademarks comparable to Take Two s own trademarks such as blocking trademark registration that involve rockstar bully 2K and the capital letter R The publisher filed a dispute against Hazelight Studios to block its attempt to trademark It Takes Two due to the similarity of its name to Take Two s Hazelight was forced to abandon the trademark application making it more difficult to promote the game 216 217 218 Take Two has also been active in blocking the release of mods for Grand Theft Auto games While some of these mods had used assets from the original games and gave valid reason for Take Two to protect its copyrights other mods that Take Two had targeted were made from legal reverse engineering of the game making Take Two s claims contentious Take Two has clarified that it had no issue with mods intended for single player games that were legally made but would take action against other types of mods 219 Games published editMain article List of Take Two Interactive gamesNotes edit 2K Games had shut down 2K Marin entirely in 2013 but statements made by Zelnick in 2014 claimed 2K Marin would be responsible for future BioShock projects 194 195 With the opening of Cloud Chamber in December 2019 it is unclear what the fate of 2K Marin is References edit a b c d e Take Two Interactive Software Inc Reports Results for Fiscal Year 2023 Take Two Interactive May 17 2023 Retrieved May 17 2023 Take Two Interactive Software Inc 2023 Annual Report Esports hits the court as players gear up for the NBA 2K League finals CNBC August 23 2018 Archived from the original on August 26 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 Jordan Jon March 16 2018 Earnings report roundup Game industry winners and losers in Q4 2017 Gamasutra Archived from the original on August 26 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 a b c d e f g h i j k l Grant Tina ed 2002 International Directory of Company Histories Vol 46 St James Press pp 390 391 ISBN 978 1558624641 a b Ryan Brant Obituary Dignity Memorial March 25 2019 Archived from the original on November 11 2020 Retrieved October 3 2021 Form 10 KSB Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15 d of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended October 31 1997 Take Two Interactive February 6 1998 Archived from the original on October 25 2012 Retrieved October 3 2021 via EDGAR a b Weinberg Neil April 12 2004 Take Who Forbes Archived from the original on May 26 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 Himler Jeff November 12 2019 Latrobe hires local native former IBM manager as new city manager TribLive Archived from the original on December 14 2019 Retrieved October 3 2021 a b Boyer Mike December 19 2010 Zoo Casual video game market proves lucrative The Cincinnati Enquirer p G4 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com a b Bulletin Board Latrobe Bulletin November 16 1996 p 4 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com Area Man Joins Firm Latrobe Bulletin August 22 1995 p 13 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com PowerPC centre in Taipei South China Morning Post June 14 1994 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 Partnership announced South Florida Sun Sentinel July 1 1994 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com Wood Shapiro Lisa October 9 2019 Ripper the Inside Story of the Egregiously Bad Videogame Wired Archived from the original on January 23 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 Scouting Report Gaming News You Can Use Electronic Entertainment No 75 IDG Communications September 1994 p 74 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Internet Archive More Breaking News Nintendo Power Vol 69 Nintendo of America February 1995 p 113 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Internet Archive Pessah Jon July 9 1995 New Media Growth Along Silicon Alley Newsday p A36 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com a b Rogers Dan Lee March 3 2004 The End Game How Top Developers Sold Their Studios Part One Gamasutra Archived from the original on September 23 2017 Retrieved February 3 2018 Take Two Interactive Probe Finds Backdating TheStreet January 22 2007 Archived from the original on August 29 2018 Retrieved April 29 2018 Mannes George April 14 1997 Internet firms dare to share Daily News p 24 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com IPOs chase upturn National Post Dow Jones April 18 1997 p 21 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com Johnston Chris April 26 2000 GameTek Assets Sold to Take 2 GameSpot Archived from the original on December 1 2017 Retrieved January 20 2018 Beer Matt April 18 1999 Bay Area s developer shops San Francisco Examiner p A 15 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com BMG Interactive Acquired by Take Two Interactive Telecompaper Archived from the original on August 27 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 Johnston Chris April 28 2000 Take 2 Takes BMG GameSpot Archived from the original on August 27 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Sam Houser His Story Develop August 15 2008 Archived from the original on February 27 2019 Retrieved March 17 2016 GTA Rockstar co founding brothers squeeze into Britain s 1 000 richest people list with 90 million GameSpot May 18 2014 Archived from the original on July 10 2017 Retrieved September 3 2018 Hill Logan July 2 2002 Why Rockstar Games Rule Wired Archived from the original on April 17 2019 Retrieved September 3 2018 Thorsen Tor February 8 2008 D I C E 08 Riccitiello lords over city state studio model GameSpot Archived from the original on September 4 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 a b Take Two Acquires Distributor IGN August 24 1998 Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 COMPANY BRIEFS The New York Times August 25 1998 Archived from the original on July 19 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 News Briefs IGN February 17 1999 Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Ho Jennifer May 17 2006 Microsoft Acquires Bungie GameSpot Archived from the original on September 4 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 Press Release 9 1 99 Take Two Interactive September 1 1999 Archived from the original on May 23 2000 Take Two to buy video game software firm Star Gazette March 10 2000 p 6A Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com McLean James October 3 2000 Gameplay picks up Pixel for 34m but losses mount Evening Standard p 40 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com Cassy John October 4 2000 Gameplay buys stream ability The Guardian p 27 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com a b Hatfield Daemon October 18 2006 Take Two Founder Resigns IGN Archived from the original on September 3 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Company Profiles 95 Take Two Interactive Software Inc Newsday June 4 2001 p C32 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com Mclean Bethany August 22 2005 Sex Lies and Videogames Fortune Archived from the original on June 21 2015 Retrieved September 3 2018 Feldman Curt February 29 1996 Civilization sold off to mystery buyer GameSpot Archived from the original on May 25 2011 Retrieved March 24 2009 Thorsen Tor October 25 2005 Take Two takes over Civilization GameSpot Archived from the original on May 25 2011 Retrieved March 24 2009 Curtin Matthew April 29 2003 Game maker eyes Vivendi unit The Orlando Sentinel p C3 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com a b c Take Two reveals acquisition prices hints at future lawsuits GameSpot February 2 2006 Archived from the original on February 26 2017 Retrieved December 14 2010 Feldman Curt January 24 2005 Sega officially out of the sports game GameSpot Archived from the original on October 14 2017 Retrieved February 3 2018 Adams David January 24 2005 Take Two Buys Visual Concepts IGN Archived from the original on February 4 2018 Retrieved February 3 2018 Jenkins David January 25 2005 Take Two Acquires Visual Concepts Announces 2K Games Brand Gamasutra Archived from the original on February 4 2018 Retrieved February 3 2018 Needleman Sarah June 23 2016 Videogame Civilization to Make Inroads in Classrooms The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on September 4 2018 Retrieved September 4 2018 Loughrey Paul November 8 2005 Firaxis Games acquired by Take Two Interactive GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on September 4 2018 Retrieved September 4 2018 Gibson Ellie January 10 2006 Take Two Interactive acquires Irrational Games GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on September 4 2018 Retrieved September 4 2018 a b Richtel Matt February 15 2007 A Guilty Plea for Options Backdating The New York Times Archived from the original on September 3 2018 Retrieved September 3 2018 Video game publisher lied to shareholders suit says The Baltimore Sun December 27 2001 p 2C Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com Maremont Mark Bulkeley William M April 21 2002 Reports are early warnings but technique is questioned Star Tribune p D10 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com a b City Inc Newsday Associated Press March 17 2004 p A33 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com Take Two s former chief sentenced to probation in option backdating case The New York Times August 1 2007 Archived from the original on September 3 2018 Retrieved September 3 2018 Sinclair Brendan March 25 2019 Take Two founder Ryan Brant dies GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on March 25 2019 Retrieved March 25 2019 Harris Ron June 9 2006 Grand Theft Auto publishers settle with FTC NBC News Archived from the original on September 3 2018 Retrieved September 3 2018 Itzkoff David September 3 2009 Four Years Later Grand Theft Auto Lawsuit Is Settled The New York Times Archived from the original on October 6 2009 Retrieved September 4 2009 Hamilton Landing is flying high Barker Pacific Group Archived from the original on September 4 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 Ward David September 11 2007 Take Two Nick team on games The Hollywood Reporter Associated Press Archived from the original on September 4 2018 Retrieved September 4 2018 Alexander Leigh December 17 2007 Take Two Opens New Marin 2K Studio Gamasutra Archived from the original on February 25 2018 Retrieved February 24 2018 Martin Matt December 17 2007 Take Two opens new Californian studio GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Retrieved February 24 2018 a b Peters Jeremy March 30 2007 Stockholders Oust Chief at Take Two The New York Times Archived from the original on September 3 2018 Retrieved September 3 2018 Ingram Tim November 11 2018 Was This The Biggest Mistake In The History Of The Music Business Music Business Worldwide Archived from the original on February 27 2019 Retrieved November 13 2018 Baertlein Lisa Ando Ritsuko March 7 2007 Take Two investors plan board takeover Reuters Archived from the original on September 3 2018 Retrieved September 3 2018 a b Nutt Christian February 25 2008 Q amp A EA CEO John Riccitiello On The Take Two Offer Gamasutra Archived from the original on September 3 2018 Retrieved September 3 2018 Morris Chris Take Two s Strauss Zelnick publishes big games but doesn t play them Fortune Archived from the original on June 5 2017 Retrieved June 16 2017 Boyer Brandon June 11 2007 Take Two Announces Restructuring Plans New CFO Gamasutra Archived from the original on September 10 2018 Retrieved September 10 2018 Boyer Brandon June 14 2007 Take Two Clarifies Staff Shifts Analyst Speculates On Sale Gamasutra Archived from the original on September 10 2018 Retrieved September 10 2018 Dubson Jason June 15 2007 Report Take Two To Announce Major European Layoffs Gamasutra Archived from the original on September 10 2018 Retrieved September 10 2018 EA s 2 billion bid for Take Two bad news for sports gaming Ars Technica February 25 2008 Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved June 15 2017 Terdiman Daniel February 24 2008 EA tries to buy Take Two to keep its top spot CNET Archived from the original on September 23 2015 Retrieved March 24 2009 Thorsen Tor October 29 2010 Take Two CEO resigns chairman taking over GameSpot Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 a b Take Two Rejects Electronic Arts 1 9 Billion Offer Reuters February 25 2007 Archived from the original on September 3 2018 Retrieved September 3 2018 via CNBC If EA Bought 2K IGN January 6 2008 Archived from the original on September 22 2012 Retrieved March 24 2009 Das Anupreeta September 14 2008 Electronic Arts ends merger talks with Take Two Reuters Archived from the original on September 3 2018 Retrieved September 3 2018 Caoili Eric Take Two Ditan Enter Distribution Agreement Gamasutra Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 McWhertor Michael December 21 2009 Take Two Sells Off Jack Of All Games Goes All In On Publishing Kotaku Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 Fritz Ben October 29 2010 Take Two chief executive exits to be replaced by chairman Strauss Zelnick Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on October 31 2010 Retrieved October 31 2010 Goldfarb Andrew February 14 2013 Take Two Confirms WWE Publishing Deal IGN Archived from the original on February 23 2014 Retrieved February 16 2013 We can confirm that we have entered into an agreement to publish the WWE video game series that is developed by Yukes Abrams Rachel November 26 2013 Take Two Interactive Buys Back Icahn Stake The New York Times Archived from the original on September 6 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 a b Ballard John August 27 2018 Take Two Interactive Has Big Expectations for Upcoming Releases The Motley Fool Archived from the original on September 11 2018 Retrieved September 10 2018 Johnston Rich December 16 2013 Bill Jemas Joins Take Two Interactive To Start A Graphic Fiction Imprint Bleeding Cool Archived from the original on January 20 2014 Retrieved January 14 2014 a b Arrant Chris October 30 2014 BILL JEMAS New DOUBLE TAKE Ready to Launch with Zombies Newsarama Archived from the original on February 12 2018 Retrieved February 12 2018 a b Donnelly Joe November 3 2016 Take Two s comic book arm to close XCom Civilization and Bioshock combined universe was almost a thing PC Gamer Archived from the original on February 12 2018 Retrieved February 12 2018 Klepek Patrick January 12 2016 Rockstar North Boss Leslie Benzies Is Out After Nearly Two Decades Kotaku Archived from the original on August 31 2019 Retrieved January 13 2016 Campbell Colin April 14 2016 The great Grand Theft Auto lawsuit explained Polygon Archived from the original on June 19 2019 Retrieved April 15 2016 Spangler Todd July 26 2016 Mobile Game Maker Scopely Raises 55 Million Archived from the original on October 19 2017 Retrieved October 25 2017 Lunden Ingrid February 2017 Take Two moves into mobile games buys Social Point for up to 276M TechCrunch Archived from the original on August 8 2017 Retrieved June 16 2017 Take Two Interactive Software Acquires Mobile Game Developer Social Point Take Two Interactive February 2017 Archived from the original on June 30 2017 Retrieved June 16 2017 via Business Wire Dring Christopher February 1 2017 Take Two acquires mobile developer Social Point for 250m GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on September 4 2018 Retrieved September 4 2018 Needleman Sarah February 9 2017 NBA Take Two to Create Professional Videogame League The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on December 15 2017 Retrieved December 14 2017 Take Two Interactive Software Inc Acquires Kerbal Space Program Take Two Interactive May 31 2017 Archived from the original on June 3 2017 Retrieved June 16 2017 via Business Wire a b Handrahan Matthew December 14 2017 With Private Division Take Two wants to empower a new breed of indie developer GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on December 14 2017 Retrieved December 14 2017 Bertz Matt December 14 2017 The Inside Story Of Take Two s New Publishing Label Private Division Game Informer Archived from the original on December 15 2017 Retrieved December 14 2017 Take Two Interactive Takes Two Floors at 1133 Avenue of the Americas Commercial Observer December 20 2016 Archived from the original on September 4 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 Goldberg Harold October 15 2018 How the West Was Digitized The making of Rockstar Games Red Dead Redemption 2 Vulture Archived from the original on October 17 2018 Retrieved October 20 2018 Millis Leah March 8 2018 Trump s video game meeting Who s attending CBS News Archived from the original on March 9 2018 Retrieved March 8 2018 Armental Maria March 9 2018 Take Two SVB Financial and Nektar Therapeutics to Join S amp P 500 The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved September 4 2018 A central route to skills development in Ireland Archived from the original on August 9 2016 Retrieved November 30 2019 Benzies v Take Two Interactive Software Inc Archived from the original on May 25 2019 Retrieved October 7 2019 Former GTA producer suffers setback in 150m lawsuit against Take Two April 9 2018 Archived from the original on August 25 2019 Retrieved October 7 2019 McLaughlin Martyn January 5 2019 Grand Theft Auto pioneer accused of poaching staff in court battle The Scotsman Archived from the original on January 6 2019 Needleman Sarah January 15 2019 NBA Inks Billion Dollar Deal With Maker of 2K Videogame The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on January 17 2019 Retrieved January 17 2019 Brown Fraser February 4 2019 Call of Duty and Dead Space director opens a new 2K Games studio PC Gamer Archived from the original on February 4 2019 Retrieved February 4 2019 Kerr Chris February 4 2019 Sledgehammer co founder Michael Condrey to build and lead new 2K studio Gamasutra Archived from the original on February 7 2019 Retrieved February 4 2019 Ivan Tom February 11 2020 2K s new 31st Union studio is making an ambitious and inspired original IP Video Games Chronicle Archived from the original on April 27 2020 Retrieved September 27 2020 Take Two Interactive Software Inc SEC Filing Archived from the original on June 2 2019 Retrieved May 18 2019 Stipulation of Discontinuance of Action With Prejudice New York Supreme Court February 8 2019 Archived from the original on January 27 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 Valentine Rebekah May 13 2019 Rockstar acquires Dhruva Interactive from Starbreeze for 7 9m GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on May 13 2019 Retrieved May 13 2019 Starbreeze has closed the transaction of Indian subsidiary Dhruva Starbreeze Studios May 22 2019 Archived from the original on July 7 2019 Retrieved September 17 2019 Carpenter Nicole September 17 2019 Rockstar has its own game launcher and GTA San Andreas is free Polygon Archived from the original on September 17 2019 Retrieved September 17 2019 a b Robinson Andy February 20 2020 Take Two forms new studio for KSP2 with original developer s role unclear Video Games Chronicle Archived from the original on February 20 2020 Retrieved February 20 2020 a b Schreier Jason June 3 2020 Game Publisher Cancels Contract With Developer Then Tries to Poach Its Entire Team Bloomberg News Archived from the original on January 7 2021 Retrieved June 3 2020 Stanley Patrick March 10 2020 NFL 2K Games Ink Multi Year Partnership for Numerous Future Titles The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on October 30 2020 Retrieved March 10 2020 Kerr Chris August 18 2020 Take Two Interactive acquires mobile studio Playdots for 192 million Gamasutra Archived from the original on January 17 2021 Retrieved August 18 2020 Avard Alex October 14 2020 Rockstar has officially bought Crackdown 2 developer Ruffian Games GamesRadar Archived from the original on November 21 2020 Retrieved October 14 2020 Take Two to buy British videogame developer Codemasters for 973 mln Reuters November 6 2020 Archived from the original on November 21 2020 Retrieved November 6 2020 Robinson Andy November 6 2020 Codemasters confirms it s in talks with Take Two over a possible sale Video Games Chronicle Archived from the original on December 15 2020 Retrieved November 6 2020 Phillips Tom November 10 2020 GTA publisher Take Two confirms purchase of Codemasters in deal worth nearly 1bn Eurogamer Archived from the original on December 14 2020 Retrieved November 10 2020 Yin Poole Wesley December 14 2020 EA overtakes Take Two with 1 2bn offer for Codemasters Eurogamer Archived from the original on December 24 2020 Retrieved December 14 2020 Neto Streisand December 14 2020 EA snaps up racing game developer Codemasters in 1 2 billion deal CNN Archived from the original on December 16 2020 Retrieved December 14 2020 Take Two withdraws bid for Codemasters following EA offer of 1 2bn GamesIndustry biz January 13 2021 Archived from the original on January 13 2021 Retrieved January 13 2021 Kerr Chris February 18 2021 Saudi investment fund acquires shares in Activision Blizzard Take Two and EA Gamasutra Archived from the original on February 18 2021 Retrieved February 18 2021 a b Nunneley Stephany March 16 2021 2K signs exclusive PGA Tour deal with Tiger Woods acquires PGA Tour 2K21 studio VG247 Archived from the original on March 16 2021 Retrieved March 16 2021 a b Fahley Mike March 16 2021 2K Signs Tiger Woods Buys The Studio Behind PGA Tour 2K21 Kotaku Archived from the original on April 28 2021 Retrieved May 6 2021 Sinclair Brendan March 23 2021 2K acquires HookBang games business GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on March 23 2021 Retrieved March 23 2021 Dring Christopher June 2 2021 Take Two enters soccer market with 378m Nordeus acquisition GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on June 2 2021 Retrieved June 2 2021 Take Two Interactive Software Inc to Report First Quarter Fiscal Year 2022 Results on Monday August 2 2021 Press release Take Two Interactive July 6 2021 Archived from the original on July 17 2021 Retrieved July 17 2021 Balu Nivedita Take Two to buy FarmVille maker Zynga in deal valued at 12 7 billion Reuters Retrieved January 10 2022 Peters Jay January 10 2022 Why Take Two wants to pay nearly 13 billion for the maker of FarmVille The Verge Retrieved January 11 2022 Take Two Interactive Software Inc and Zynga Inc Stockholders Approve Proposals Related to Pending Transaction May 19 2022 Retrieved May 23 2022 a b c Take Two completes Zynga acquisition May 23 2022 a b Take Two shutting down Playdots Dealessandri Marie March 28 2023 Take Two acquires mobile games subscription service GameClub GamesIndustry biz Retrieved March 29 2023 Ballard John September 24 2017 Here s How Digital Revenue Has Benefited Take Two Interactive The Motley Fool Archived from the original on September 11 2018 Retrieved September 10 2018 Take Two Interactive Software Inc Announces Formation of 2K Games Publishing Label GamesIndustry biz January 25 2005 Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Take Two Interactive Acquires Red Dead NBA 2K Facial Animation Studio IGN July 2021 Archived from the original on July 2 2021 Retrieved July 3 2021 Johnston Chris April 28 2000 Take 2 Takes BMG GameSpot Archived from the original on December 11 2017 Retrieved December 19 2017 Take Two Interactive Software Inc Reports Better Than Expected Results for Fiscal First Quarter 2022 Take Two Interactive Software Inc Archived from the original on August 3 2021 Retrieved August 3 2021 Jebens Harley March 3 1999 Take Two Increases Online Presence GameSpot Archived from the original on February 11 2018 Retrieved September 21 2017 Take Two Interactive Software Inc Announces Strategic Investment in and Partnership With eUniverse com Take Two Interactive Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 via The Free Library Gestalt May 1 2000 Take 2 Interactive buys GOD Eurogamer Archived from the original on February 10 2018 Retrieved February 11 2018 Take Two reports loss reorganizes publishing division GameSpot September 9 2004 Archived from the original on February 10 2018 Retrieved February 11 2018 Take Two Forms Gotham Games IGN July 22 2002 Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Thorsen Tor December 19 2003 Gotham Games gone GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Take Two Enters Agreement to Sell its Jack of All Games Distribution Business to SYNNEX IGN December 22 2009 Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Jebens Harley February 28 2000 Take Two Grows By Two GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Take 2 sells off Joytech MCV Develop September 7 2007 Archived from the original on February 27 2019 Retrieved September 21 2017 Parker Sam May 4 2000 Gathering Launches Mass Market Line GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved February 11 2018 Walker Trey March 5 2001 On Deck Interactive folds GameSpot Archived from the original on February 11 2018 Retrieved February 11 2018 Take Two Gets Wide IGN March 9 2000 Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Gameplay Take Two Eurogamer October 6 2000 Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Adams David December 2 2003 Take Two Interactive Buys TDK IGN Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Dunkin Alan December 24 1998 Take Two Buys TalonSoft GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved February 17 2018 Carless Simon October 6 2005 Matrix Games Acquires Rights To Talonsoft Titles Gamasutra Archived from the original on February 17 2018 Retrieved February 17 2018 Ahmed Shahed May 17 2006 Take Two acquires Techcorp Limited GameSpot Archived from the original on February 10 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Take Two Acquires Techcorp Ltd Gamasutra July 18 2001 Archived from the original on February 10 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Mullen Micheal April 27 2000 Take Two Controlling Telstar GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 TAKE TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE INC ANNOUNCES THAT IT HAS ASSUMED OPERATING CONTROL OF TELSTAR ELECTRONIC STUDIOS Take Two Interactive April 29 1999 Archived from the original on July 13 2000 a b Take Two Interactive closes 2K China GamesIndustry biz November 6 2015 Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 2K Madrid 2K Madrid Archived from the original on April 1 2021 Retrieved April 30 2021 2K Vegas 2K Vegas Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 2K Games opens Silicon Valley game studio led by industry veteran Michael Condrey Gematsu February 4 2019 Archived from the original on February 4 2019 Retrieved February 4 2019 2K Silicon Valley officially named 31st Union February 11 2020 Archived from the original on October 26 2020 Retrieved February 11 2020 Ivan Tom February 11 2020 2K s new 31st Union studio is making an ambitious and inspired original IP Video Games Chronicle Archived from the original on April 27 2020 Retrieved February 11 2020 Form 10 K Take Two Interactive Software Inc Take Two Interactive January 31 2006 Archived from the original on August 8 2020 Retrieved December 11 2019 via EDGAR Batchelor James December 9 2019 2K opens Cloud Chamber to build another unforgettable BioShock experience GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on October 21 2020 Retrieved December 9 2019 Thorsen Tor November 7 2005 Take Two takes in Firaxis GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Puga Lauren December 4 2014 2K Forms New Studio With Star Wars Vet IGN Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 a b Take Two takes Sega s sports game studios CNET Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved September 21 2017 Pereira Chris February 23 2017 Former BioShock Studio Irrational Games Adopts A New Name GameSpot Archived from the original on September 10 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Private Division acquires OlliOlli developer Roll7 November 15 2021 Take Two publishing label Private Division buys OlliOlli studio Eurogamer November 15 2021 Robinson Andy October 12 2020 Rockstar has taken over Master Chief Collection developer Ruffian Games Video Games Chronicle Archived from the original on December 3 2020 Retrieved October 12 2020 Silent Jay August 13 2016 Rockstar ouvre un nouveau studio en Inde Jeuxvideo com Archived from the original on February 10 2019 Retrieved May 14 2019 Makedonski Brett May 13 2019 Rockstar swoops as Starbreeze is forced to sell off a studio Destructoid Archived from the original on October 23 2020 Retrieved May 13 2019 Calvert Justin April 8 2004 Mobius renamed Rockstar Leeds GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Johnston Chris April 28 2000 Take 2 Captures Tarantula GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Rockstar London establishes new development studio GamesIndustry biz November 22 2005 Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Sinclair Brendan April 4 2008 Rockstar acquires Mad Doc GameSpot Archived from the original on October 17 2018 Retrieved September 21 2017 Kennedy Sam April 27 2000 Take Two Acquires DMA Design GameSpot Archived from the original on April 4 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Calvert Justin November 20 2002 Angel Studios acquired by Rockstar GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 a b Perry Doug August 1 2002 Take Two Forms Rockstar Vancouver IGN Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Take Two Interactive Software to Acquire Mobile Games Developer Nordeus Take Two Interactive June 2 2021 Archived from the original on September 28 2021 Retrieved September 28 2021 via Business Wire Take Two enters soccer market with 378m Nordeus acquisition June 2 2021 Archived from the original on June 2 2021 Retrieved June 2 2021 Lunden Ingrid February 2017 Take Two moves into mobile games buys Social Point for up to 276M TechCrunch Archived from the original on August 8 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 a b Jenkins David January 9 2006 Take Two Acquires Irrational Games Gamasutra Archived from the original on February 19 2018 Retrieved February 18 2018 Hindes Daniel April 15 2015 Update Borderlands The Pre Sequel Developer 2K Australia Has Shut Down GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Burnes Andrew May 9 2006 2K Games Shacks Up In Shanghai IGN Archived from the original on June 12 2018 Retrieved February 4 2018 Purchese Robert January 8 2008 Take Two acquires Illusion Softworks Eurogamer Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Retrieved February 24 2018 Have you seen these studios GamesIndustry biz January 4 2018 Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Retrieved February 24 2018 Weber Rachel May 30 2014 Zelnick 2K Marin now responsible for Bioshock franchise GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Retrieved February 24 2018 Rose Mike May 30 2014 2K Marin has been put in charge of BioShock s future Gamasutra Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Retrieved February 24 2018 Sinclair Brendan October 18 2013 2K Marin shut down entirely Reports GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on November 11 2020 Retrieved December 9 2019 Bernstein Rachel 2007 History Sidecar Studios Archived from the original on March 20 2007 Retrieved February 3 2018 Chalk Andy February 23 2017 Irrational Games is gone say hello to Ghost Story PC Gamer Archived from the original on February 24 2017 Retrieved February 23 2017 Parker Sam May 17 2006 Take Two Acquires Pop Top GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Thorsen Tor March 8 2006 PopTop folded into Firaxis GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 a b c Plunkett Luke January 16 2012 Every Game Studio That s Closed Down Since 2006 Kotaku Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved February 3 2018 Feldman Curt December 16 2004 Take Two helps Microsoft get out of sports game GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved February 4 2018 Sinclair Brendan May 1 2006 Indie Built corporately dismantled GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Parker Laura July 11 2012 Rockstar expands its Toronto operations GameSpot Archived from the original on September 6 2018 Retrieved September 21 2017 Gameplay sells subsidiary for 1 Citywire Archived from the original on June 24 2018 Retrieved July 18 2018 Sinclair Brendan May 11 2006 Take Two closes Rockstar Vienna GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved September 21 2017 Chang Kasey June 24 2002 Jetfighter IV Fortress America Unofficial Strategy Guide and FAQ The Spoiler Centre Archived from the original on March 3 2016 Retrieved February 4 2018 Bary Emily Take Two to acquire Two Dots developer Playdots for 192 million MarketWatch Archived from the original on November 2 2020 Retrieved August 20 2020 Archived copy Archived from the original on January 13 2021 Retrieved November 6 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Lowe Zach February 9 2017 NBA Take Two Interactive Software partnering on NBA 2K esports league ESPN Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved September 4 2018 Spangler Todd June 15 2017 Mobile Games Maker Scopely Banks 60 Million With Valuation Over 600 Million Variety Archived from the original on September 10 2018 Retrieved September 9 2018 Games eveloper part of Microsoft The Province June 20 2000 p A25 Archived from the original on October 3 2021 Retrieved October 3 2021 via Newspapers com Cohen Peter June 20 2000 Bungie CEO talks Microsoft deal ZDNet Archived from the original on January 13 2019 Retrieved September 9 2018 FORM 10 K TAKE TWO INTERACTIVE SOFTWARE INC Take Two Interactive October 31 2002 Archived from the original on September 25 2020 Retrieved February 5 2021 via EDGAR Takahasi Dean October 29 2014 Take Two made 22M on its investment in gameplay livestreaming king Twitch VentureBeat Archived from the original on August 19 2018 Retrieved September 9 2018 Coulson Josh December 1 2021 Take Two Targets It Takes Two In Latest Wave Of Trademark Disputes TheGamer Retrieved December 1 2021 List of trademark disputes relating to Take Two Interactive United States Patent and Trademark Office Phillips Tom December 3 2021 Josef Fares It Takes Two hit by Take Two claim Eurogamer Retrieved December 3 2021 Livingstone Christopher June 23 2017 Rockstar is talking with OpenIV developer issues new statement on mods PC Gamer Archived from the original on July 18 2021 Retrieved July 19 2021 External links editOfficial websiteBusiness data for Take Two Interactive GoogleSEC filingsYahoo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Take Two Interactive amp oldid 1184948582, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.