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2K (company)

January 23, 2023

2K is an American video game publisher based in Novato, California. 2K was founded under Take-Two Interactive in January 2005 through the 2K Games and 2K Sports labels, following Take-Two Interactive's acquisition of Visual Concepts that same month. Originally based in New York City, it moved to Novato in 2007. A third label, 2K Play, was added in September 2007. 2K is governed by David Ismailer as president and Phil Dixon as COO. A motion capture studio for 2K is based in Petaluma, California.[1]

2K
Logo since 2021
TypeSubsidiary
IndustryVideo games
FoundedJanuary 25, 2005; 17 years ago (2005-01-25) in New York City, US
Headquarters
Novato, California
,
US
Key people
  • David Ismailer (president)
  • Phil Dixon (COO)
  • Melissa Bell (SVP, head of global marketing)
Products
ParentTake-Two Interactive
SubsidiariesSee § Studios
Website2k.com

History

 
2K's original logo

On January 24, 2005, Take-Two Interactive announced that it had acquired Visual Concepts, including its Kush Games subsidiary and the intellectual property of the 2K sports-game series, from Sega for US$24 million.[2][3] The following day Take-Two Interactive established the 2K publishing label, consisting of the sub-labels 2K Games and 2K Sports, with the latter focusing on sports games.[4][5][6] Several of Take-Two Interactive's development studios—Visual Concepts, Kush Games, Indie Built, Venom Games, PopTop Software, and Frog City Software—became studios of 2K, and Take-Two Licensing was merged into the new label.[7]

On January 21, 2006, a fire heavily damaged the administration and marketing portions of 2K's offices.[8] In June 2007 2K announced that they had closed their offices in New York City and would move to a new location on the West Coast, namely Novato, California.[9]

On September 10, 2007, Take-Two Interactive announced that they had struck a partnership with Nickelodeon on publishing games based on their licenses.[10] Alongside this announcement, Take-Two Interactive introduced a third 2K label, 2K Play, to focus on casual games.[11] Through this opening, 2K absorbed all assets of Take-Two Interactive's budget-range publisher Global Star Software, including the game Carnival Games, the studio Cat Daddy Games, and games based on Deal or No Deal.[12]

In 2013, 2K obtained the rights to publish video games based on the professional wrestling company, WWE.[13]

On May 4, 2017, 2K's co-founder and until-then president, Christoph Hartmann, announced that he had stepped down from his position.[14] Hartmann had worked for Take-Two Interactive for roughly 20 years, but did not state a reason for his departure.[15][16] He later joined Amazon Game Studios in August 2018.[17] He was succeeded by previous chief operating officer (COO) David Ismailer later in May 2017.[18][19] The role of COO was filled by Phil Dixon, formerly of Betfair, in November 2017, and Melissa Bell was hired as senior vice president and head of global marketing in April 2018.[20]

On September 25, 2018, 2K announced 2K Foundations, a program that would "support underserved communities across the nation by refurbishing basketball courts in neighborhoods that need them the most". Microsoft will also partner with 2K to establish Xbox One S gaming-stations at these courts. 2K Foundations planned to refurbish 12 basketball courts in several cities across the United States (including Cincinnati, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Cleveland) within its first year.[21][22]

2K acquired HB Studios in March 2021, who previously developed The Golf Club 2019 featuring PGA Tour and PGA Tour 2K21 under the 2K Sports' publishing label. The acquisition includes the rights to HB's Golf Club series, which has since relaunched as the PGA Tour 2K series, and is now officially licensed by the PGA Tour itself.[23] Additionally, 2K announced they had secured a contract with Tiger Woods, who had previously been a key figure for Electronic Arts' own PGA Tour series, as an executive director and consultant for future 2K PGA Tour games as well as his likeness for the games.[24]

Also in March 2021, 2K acquired the games division of HookBang based in Austin, Texas, which had supported work on the NBA 2K series in the past. The division was relocated to a new Austin location and rebranded as Visual Concepts Austin to continue support for that series.[25]

In September 2022, 2K's support team was hacked.[26] In October 2022, 2K confirmed their user data was stolen and placed on sale.[27]

Studios

Defunct

Games published

Main article: List of 2K games

Franchises and series

2K Sports

Current

Former

References

  1. ^ Wagner, Kurt (September 16, 2016). "Here's what it's like to be scanned into an NBA video game". Vox. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  2. ^ Feldman, Curt (January 24, 2005). "Sega officially out of the sports game". GameSpot. from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  3. ^ Adams, David (January 24, 2005). "Take Two Buys Visual Concepts". IGN. from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Good, Owen (May 23, 2012). "A Terrible Decision Created MLB 2K—But It Also Brought Us BioShock". Kotaku. from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  5. ^ Robinson, Jon (January 25, 2005). "Take-Two Opens 2K Games". IGN. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  6. ^ Winegarner, Beth (January 25, 2005). "Take-Two pitches new label; sports high on the agenda". GameSpot. from the original on February 18, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  7. ^ Jenkins, David (January 25, 2005). "Take-Two Acquires Visual Concepts, Announces 2K Games Brand". Gamasutra. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  8. ^ Adams, David (January 23, 2006). "2K Games Office Damaged in Fire". IGN. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  9. ^ Nick Breckon (June 15, 2007). "2K Games Closes NYC Office, Heads West". Shacknews. from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  10. ^ Hatfield, Daemon (September 10, 2007). "Take-Two Plays with Nickelodeon". IGN. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  11. ^ Androvich, Mark (September 10, 2007). "Nickelodeon enters agreement with new 2K Play label". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  12. ^ Kuchera, Ben (September 10, 2007). "Take-Two partners with Nickelodeon, launches casual game label 2K Play". Ars Technica. from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  13. ^ "WWE Video Game License to be Acquired by Take-Two". IGN. January 23, 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  14. ^ Shea, Brian (May 4, 2017). "President Of 2K Games Christoph Hartmann Leaves Company". Game Informer. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  15. ^ Dring, Christopher (May 4, 2017). "2K president Christoph Hartmann departs". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  16. ^ Dornbush, Jonathon (May 4, 2017). "2K Games President Christoph Hartmann Leaves Company". IGN. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  17. ^ Chan, Stephanie (August 7, 2018). "Former 2K president Christoph Hartmann joins Amazon Game Studios as vice president". VentureBeat. from the original on August 7, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  18. ^ Kerr, Chris (May 31, 2017). "Take-Two appoints David Ismailer as president of 2K Games". Gamasutra. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  19. ^ Handrahan, Matthew (May 31, 2017). "David Ismailer steps in as new 2K president". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  20. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (July 23, 2018). "2K's light slate belies bigger ambitions". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on November 14, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  21. ^ Handrahan, Matthew (September 26, 2018). "2K Foundations to provide basketball and STEM education facilities in US cities". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  22. ^ Kato, Matthew (September 25, 2018). "2K Foundations Started To Help Communities Through Basketball". Game Informer. from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  23. ^ Nunneley, Stephany (March 16, 2021). "2K signs exclusive PGA Tour deal with Tiger Woods, acquires PGA Tour 2K21 studio". VG247. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  24. ^ a b Fahey, Mike (March 16, 2021). "2K Signs Tiger Woods, Buys The Studio Behind PGA Tour 2K21". Kotaku. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  25. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (March 23, 2021). "2K acquires HookBang games business". GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  26. ^ Wheeler, CJ (September 21, 2022). "Rockstar owner Take-Two's hacking woes continue as 2K confirm attack on their support service". Rock Paper Shotgun. Gamer Network. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  27. ^ Smith, Graham (October 11, 2022). "2K confirms user data stolen and placed on sale after recent security breach". Rock Paper Shotgun. Gamer Network. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  28. ^ "2K Madrid". 2K Madrid. Archived from the original on December 5, 2022.
  29. ^ . 2K China. Archived from the original on October 3, 2014.
  30. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (November 7, 2012). "Take-Two moving QA studio to Nevada". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  31. ^ "About". 2K Vegas. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  32. ^ McWhertor, Michael (February 4, 2019). "2K opens new studio led by Sledgehammer Games co-founder". Polygon. from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  33. ^ Ivan, Tom (February 11, 2020). "2K's new 31st Union studio is making an 'ambitious and inspired original IP'". Video Games Chronicle. from the original on April 27, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
  34. ^ . Cat Daddy Games. Archived from the original on January 11, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  35. ^ Phillips, Tom (December 9, 2019). "New BioShock game announced, still "several" years away". Eurogamer. from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
  36. ^ Carless, Simon (November 7, 2005). "Take-Two Acquires Firaxis Games". Gamasutra. from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  37. ^ Schreier, Jason (April 13, 2018). "How The Makers Of Mafia III Lost Their Way". Kotaku. from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  38. ^ Hruby, Patrick (September 18, 2018). "Inside NBA 2K's Journey to the Top of Sports Gaming". Bleacher Report. from the original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  39. ^ Sarkar, Samit (April 15, 2015). "2K Australia is shutting down". Polygon. from the original on July 2, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  40. ^ Carless, Simon (May 9, 2006). "E3: Take-Two Interactive Establishes 2K Shanghai Studio". Gamasutra. from the original on September 22, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
  41. ^ a b Makuch, Eddie (November 6, 2015). "Borderlands Online Canceled, Developer Shuttered". GameSpot. from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  42. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (January 4, 2018). "Have you seen these studios?". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  43. ^ . 2K China. Archived from the original on October 3, 2014.
  44. ^ a b c d Plunkett, Luke (January 16, 2012). "Every Game Studio That's Closed Down Since 2006". Kotaku. from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  45. ^ Kohler, Chris (December 17, 2007). "Rumor Roundup: What's Up With 2K Marin And BioShock". Wired. from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  46. ^ Schreier, Jason (December 9, 2019). "Sources: The New BioShock Has Been In The Works For Years". Kotaku.
  47. ^ Bernstein, Rachel (2007). "History". Sidecar Studios. from the original on March 20, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
  48. ^ Pereira, Chris (February 23, 2017). "Former BioShock Studio Irrational Games Adopts A New Name". GameSpot. from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  49. ^ Thorsen, Tor (March 7, 2006). "PopTop folded into Firaxis?". GameSpot. from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  50. ^ MCV Staff (July 2, 2008). "Venom Games to close?". MCV. from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2019.

External links

  • Official website

January 23, 2023
company, american, video, game, publisher, based, novato, california, founded, under, take, interactive, january, 2005, through, games, sports, labels, following, take, interactive, acquisition, visual, concepts, that, same, month, originally, based, york, cit. 2K is an American video game publisher based in Novato California 2K was founded under Take Two Interactive in January 2005 through the 2K Games and 2K Sports labels following Take Two Interactive s acquisition of Visual Concepts that same month Originally based in New York City it moved to Novato in 2007 A third label 2K Play was added in September 2007 2K is governed by David Ismailer as president and Phil Dixon as COO A motion capture studio for 2K is based in Petaluma California 1 2KLogo since 2021TypeSubsidiaryIndustryVideo gamesFoundedJanuary 25 2005 17 years ago 2005 01 25 in New York City USHeadquartersNovato California USKey peopleDavid Ismailer president Phil Dixon COO Melissa Bell SVP head of global marketing ProductsBioShock series Borderlands series Civilization series Mafia series NBA 2K series PGA Tour 2K series WWE 2K series X COM seriesParentTake Two InteractiveSubsidiariesSee StudiosWebsite2k wbr com Contents 1 History 2 Studios 2 1 Defunct 3 Games published 3 1 Franchises and series 3 2 2K Sports 3 2 1 Current 3 2 2 Former 4 References 5 External linksHistory Edit 2K s original logo On January 24 2005 Take Two Interactive announced that it had acquired Visual Concepts including its Kush Games subsidiary and the intellectual property of the 2K sports game series from Sega for US 24 million 2 3 The following day Take Two Interactive established the 2K publishing label consisting of the sub labels 2K Games and 2K Sports with the latter focusing on sports games 4 5 6 Several of Take Two Interactive s development studios Visual Concepts Kush Games Indie Built Venom Games PopTop Software and Frog City Software became studios of 2K and Take Two Licensing was merged into the new label 7 On January 21 2006 a fire heavily damaged the administration and marketing portions of 2K s offices 8 In June 2007 2K announced that they had closed their offices in New York City and would move to a new location on the West Coast namely Novato California 9 On September 10 2007 Take Two Interactive announced that they had struck a partnership with Nickelodeon on publishing games based on their licenses 10 Alongside this announcement Take Two Interactive introduced a third 2K label 2K Play to focus on casual games 11 Through this opening 2K absorbed all assets of Take Two Interactive s budget range publisher Global Star Software including the game Carnival Games the studio Cat Daddy Games and games based on Deal or No Deal 12 In 2013 2K obtained the rights to publish video games based on the professional wrestling company WWE 13 On May 4 2017 2K s co founder and until then president Christoph Hartmann announced that he had stepped down from his position 14 Hartmann had worked for Take Two Interactive for roughly 20 years but did not state a reason for his departure 15 16 He later joined Amazon Game Studios in August 2018 17 He was succeeded by previous chief operating officer COO David Ismailer later in May 2017 18 19 The role of COO was filled by Phil Dixon formerly of Betfair in November 2017 and Melissa Bell was hired as senior vice president and head of global marketing in April 2018 20 On September 25 2018 2K announced 2K Foundations a program that would support underserved communities across the nation by refurbishing basketball courts in neighborhoods that need them the most Microsoft will also partner with 2K to establish Xbox One S gaming stations at these courts 2K Foundations planned to refurbish 12 basketball courts in several cities across the United States including Cincinnati Baltimore Los Angeles Chicago and Cleveland within its first year 21 22 2K acquired HB Studios in March 2021 who previously developed The Golf Club 2019 featuring PGA Tour and PGA Tour 2K21 under the 2K Sports publishing label The acquisition includes the rights to HB s Golf Club series which has since relaunched as the PGA Tour 2K series and is now officially licensed by the PGA Tour itself 23 Additionally 2K announced they had secured a contract with Tiger Woods who had previously been a key figure for Electronic Arts own PGA Tour series as an executive director and consultant for future 2K PGA Tour games as well as his likeness for the games 24 Also in March 2021 2K acquired the games division of HookBang based in Austin Texas which had supported work on the NBA 2K series in the past The division was relocated to a new Austin location and rebranded as Visual Concepts Austin to continue support for that series 25 In September 2022 2K s support team was hacked 26 In October 2022 2K confirmed their user data was stolen and placed on sale 27 Studios Edit2K Madrid in Madrid Spain founded in June 2021 28 2K Chengdu in Chengdu China founded in June 2011 29 2K Vegas in Las Vegas Nevada U S founded in 2006 as 2K West rebranded in 2013 30 31 31st Union in San Mateo California U S and Valencia Spain founded in 2019 as 2K Silicon Valley rebranded in 2020 32 33 Cat Daddy Games in Kirkland Washington U S founded in 1996 acquired in 2003 34 Cloud Chamber in Novato California U S and Montreal Canada founded in 2019 35 Firaxis Games in Hunt Valley Maryland U S founded in 1996 acquired in 2005 36 Hangar 13 in Novato California U S Brno and Prague Czech Republic and Brighton England founded in 2014 37 HB Studios in Lunenberg Nova Scotia Canada founded in 2000 acquired in 2021 24 Visual Concepts in Novato California U S founded in 1988 acquired in 2005 4 38 Defunct Edit 2K Australia in Canberra Australia founded in 2000 acquired in 2006 closed in 2015 39 2K China in Shanghai China founded in May 2006 closed in November 2015 40 41 2K Czech in Brno Czech Republic founded in 1997 acquired in 2008 merged into Hangar 13 in 2017 42 2K Hangzhou in Hangzhou China founded in 2007 closed in November 2016 43 41 2K Los Angeles in Camarillo California U S founded as Kush Games in 1998 acquired in 2005 closed in 2008 44 2K Marin in Novato California U S founded in 2007 closed in 2013 45 46 Frog City Software in San Francisco U S founded in 1994 acquired in 2003 closed in 2006 47 Indie Built in Salt Lake City U S founded as Access Software in 1982 acquired and renamed in 2004 closed in 2006 44 Irrational Games in Westwood Massachusetts U S founded in 1997 acquired in 2006 closed in 2017 and succeeded by Ghost Story Games 48 PAM Development in Paris France founded in 1995 acquired in 2005 closed in 2008 44 PopTop Software in Fenton Missouri U S founded in 1993 acquired in 2000 merged into Firaxis Games in 2006 49 Venom Games in Newcastle upon Tyne England founded in 2003 acquired in 2004 closed in 2008 44 50 Games published EditMain article List of 2K games Franchises and series Edit BioShock since 2007 Borderlands since 2009 Civilization since 2005 Mafia since 2010 X COM since 2012 2K Sports Edit Current Edit NBA 2K since 2005 PGA Tour 2K since 2018 WWE 2K since 2013 Former Edit College Hoops 2K 2005 2007 College Hoops 2K6 College Hoops 2K7 College Hoops 2K8 MLB 2K 2005 2013 NHL 2K 2005 2014 Top Spin 2005 2011 References Edit Wagner Kurt September 16 2016 Here s what it s like to be scanned into an NBA video game Vox Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Feldman Curt January 24 2005 Sega officially out of the sports game GameSpot Archived from the original on October 14 2017 Retrieved August 16 2019 Adams David January 24 2005 Take Two Buys Visual Concepts IGN Archived from the original on June 2 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 a b Good Owen May 23 2012 A Terrible Decision Created MLB 2K But It Also Brought Us BioShock Kotaku Archived from the original on August 27 2019 Retrieved August 27 2019 Robinson Jon January 25 2005 Take Two Opens 2K Games IGN Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Winegarner Beth January 25 2005 Take Two pitches new label sports high on the agenda GameSpot Archived from the original on February 18 2018 Retrieved August 16 2019 Jenkins David January 25 2005 Take Two Acquires Visual Concepts Announces 2K Games Brand Gamasutra Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Adams David January 23 2006 2K Games Office Damaged in Fire IGN Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Nick Breckon June 15 2007 2K Games Closes NYC Office Heads West Shacknews Archived from the original on February 4 2018 Retrieved August 16 2019 Hatfield Daemon September 10 2007 Take Two Plays with Nickelodeon IGN Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Androvich Mark September 10 2007 Nickelodeon enters agreement with new 2K Play label GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Kuchera Ben September 10 2007 Take Two partners with Nickelodeon launches casual game label 2K Play Ars Technica Archived from the original on February 4 2018 Retrieved August 16 2019 WWE Video Game License to be Acquired by Take Two IGN January 23 2013 Retrieved January 26 2013 Shea Brian May 4 2017 President Of 2K Games Christoph Hartmann Leaves Company Game Informer Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Dring Christopher May 4 2017 2K president Christoph Hartmann departs GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Dornbush Jonathon May 4 2017 2K Games President Christoph Hartmann Leaves Company IGN Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Chan Stephanie August 7 2018 Former 2K president Christoph Hartmann joins Amazon Game Studios as vice president VentureBeat Archived from the original on August 7 2018 Retrieved August 16 2019 Kerr Chris May 31 2017 Take Two appoints David Ismailer as president of 2K Games Gamasutra Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Handrahan Matthew May 31 2017 David Ismailer steps in as new 2K president GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Sinclair Brendan July 23 2018 2K s light slate belies bigger ambitions GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on November 14 2018 Retrieved August 16 2019 Handrahan Matthew September 26 2018 2K Foundations to provide basketball and STEM education facilities in US cities GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Kato Matthew September 25 2018 2K Foundations Started To Help Communities Through Basketball Game Informer Archived from the original on December 26 2018 Retrieved August 16 2019 Nunneley Stephany March 16 2021 2K signs exclusive PGA Tour deal with Tiger Woods acquires PGA Tour 2K21 studio VG247 Retrieved March 16 2021 a b Fahey Mike March 16 2021 2K Signs Tiger Woods Buys The Studio Behind PGA Tour 2K21 Kotaku Retrieved March 16 2021 Sinclair Brendan March 23 2021 2K acquires HookBang games business GamesIndustry biz Retrieved March 23 2021 Wheeler CJ September 21 2022 Rockstar owner Take Two s hacking woes continue as 2K confirm attack on their support service Rock Paper Shotgun Gamer Network Retrieved October 12 2022 Smith Graham October 11 2022 2K confirms user data stolen and placed on sale after recent security breach Rock Paper Shotgun Gamer Network Retrieved October 12 2022 2K Madrid 2K Madrid Archived from the original on December 5 2022 2K Chengdu 2K China Archived from the original on October 3 2014 Sinclair Brendan November 7 2012 Take Two moving QA studio to Nevada GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on August 27 2019 Retrieved August 27 2019 About 2K Vegas Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved August 27 2019 McWhertor Michael February 4 2019 2K opens new studio led by Sledgehammer Games co founder Polygon Archived from the original on August 27 2019 Retrieved August 27 2019 Ivan Tom February 11 2020 2K s new 31st Union studio is making an ambitious and inspired original IP Video Games Chronicle Archived from the original on April 27 2020 Retrieved February 11 2020 About Cat Daddy Games Archived from the original on January 11 2015 Retrieved August 27 2019 Phillips Tom December 9 2019 New BioShock game announced still several years away Eurogamer Archived from the original on September 18 2020 Retrieved December 9 2019 Carless Simon November 7 2005 Take Two Acquires Firaxis Games Gamasutra Archived from the original on August 16 2019 Retrieved August 16 2019 Schreier Jason April 13 2018 How The Makers Of Mafia III Lost Their Way Kotaku Archived from the original on April 13 2018 Retrieved August 16 2019 Hruby Patrick September 18 2018 Inside NBA 2K s Journey to the Top of Sports Gaming Bleacher Report Archived from the original on December 14 2018 Retrieved December 10 2018 Sarkar Samit April 15 2015 2K Australia is shutting down Polygon Archived from the original on July 2 2017 Retrieved August 16 2019 Carless Simon May 9 2006 E3 Take Two Interactive Establishes 2K Shanghai Studio Gamasutra Archived from the original on September 22 2019 Retrieved September 22 2019 a b Makuch Eddie November 6 2015 Borderlands Online Canceled Developer Shuttered GameSpot Archived from the original on February 4 2018 Retrieved August 16 2019 Sinclair Brendan January 4 2018 Have you seen these studios GamesIndustry biz Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Retrieved August 27 2019 2K Hangzhou 2K China Archived from the original on October 3 2014 a b c d Plunkett Luke January 16 2012 Every Game Studio That s Closed Down Since 2006 Kotaku Archived from the original on June 2 2019 Retrieved August 27 2019 Kohler Chris December 17 2007 Rumor Roundup What s Up With 2K Marin And BioShock Wired Archived from the original on February 24 2018 Retrieved August 16 2019 Schreier Jason December 9 2019 Sources The New BioShock Has Been In The Works For Years Kotaku Bernstein Rachel 2007 History Sidecar Studios Archived from the original on March 20 2007 Retrieved August 27 2019 Pereira Chris February 23 2017 Former BioShock Studio Irrational Games Adopts A New Name GameSpot Archived from the original on September 10 2017 Retrieved August 16 2019 Thorsen Tor March 7 2006 PopTop folded into Firaxis GameSpot Archived from the original on September 22 2017 Retrieved August 16 2019 MCV Staff July 2 2008 Venom Games to close MCV Archived from the original on January 24 2021 Retrieved August 18 2019 External links EditOfficial website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2K company amp oldid 1131676272, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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