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New York Supreme Court

January 26, 2023

For the highest appellate court in New York, see New York Court of Appeals.

The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction in the New York State Unified Court System. (Its Appellate Division is also the highest intermediate appellate court.) It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction, although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction, with most criminal matters handled in County Court.[1]

The court is radically different from its counterparts in nearly all other states in that the Supreme Court is a trial court and is not the highest court in the state. The highest court of the State of New York is the Court of Appeals. Also, although it is a trial court, the Supreme Court sits as a "single great tribunal of general state-wide jurisdiction, rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state."[2] The Supreme Court is established in each of New York's 62 counties.[1]

Jurisdiction

 
New York County Courthouse at 60 Centre Street, viewed from across Foley Square

Under the New York State Constitution, the New York State Supreme Court has unlimited jurisdiction in both civil and criminal cases, with the exception of certain monetary claims against the State of New York itself. In practice, the Supreme Court hears civil actions involving claims above a certain monetary amount (for example, $25,000 in New York City) that puts the claim beyond the jurisdiction of lower courts.[3] Civil actions about lesser sums are heard by courts of limited jurisdiction, such as the New York City Civil Court, or the County Court, District Court, city courts, or justice courts (town and village courts) outside New York City.[3]

The Supreme Court also hears civil cases involving claims for equitable relief, such as injunctions, specific performance, or rescission of a contract, as well as actions for a declaratory judgment. The Supreme Court also has exclusive jurisdiction of matrimonial actions, such as either contested or uncontested actions for a divorce or annulment. The court also has exclusive jurisdiction over "Article 78 proceedings" against a body or officer seeking to overturn an official determination on the grounds that it was arbitrary, capricious and unreasonable or contrary to law.[4]

At English Common Law, the lord chancellor, not as a part of his equitable jurisdiction, but as the king's delegate to exercise the Crown’s special jurisdiction, had responsibility for the custody and protection of infants and the mentally incapacitated. Upon the organization of the Supreme Court in New York the Legislature transferred so much of the law as formed a part of the king's prerogative to it.[5] The Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court are responsible for oversight of the related programs.

In 1995, the New York Supreme Court established a trial level Commercial Division, beginning in New York County (Manhattan)[6] and Monroe County (the 7th Judicial District[7]).[8] The Commercial Division has expanded to the 8th District (located in Buffalo), and the Albany, Kings, Nassau, Onondaga, Queens, Suffolk and Westchester County Supreme Courts.[9] These are specialized Business Courts, with a defined jurisdiction focusing on business and commercial litigation. The jurisdictional amount in controversy required to have a case heard in the Commercial Division varies among these Commercial Division courts, ranging from $50,000 in Albany and Onondaga Counties to $500,000 in New York County, but the Commercial Division rules (Section 202.70) are otherwise uniform.[10]

With respect to criminal cases, the Criminal Branch of Supreme Court tries felony cases in the five counties of New York City, whereas they are primarily heard by the County Court elsewhere.[11] Misdemeanor cases, and arraignments in almost all cases, are handled by lower courts: the New York City Criminal Court; the District Court in Nassau County and the five western towns of Suffolk County; city courts; and justice courts, and so on.

Structure

Appellate Division

Main article: New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
 
Second Department

Appeals from Supreme Court decisions, as well as from the Surrogate's Court, Family Court, and Court of Claims, are heard by the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division. This court is intermediate between the New York Supreme Court and the New York Court of Appeals.

There is one Appellate Division, which for administrative purposes comprises four judicial departments.[12]

Decisions of the Appellate Division department panels are binding on the lower courts in that department, and also on lower courts in other departments unless there is contrary authority from the Appellate Division of that department.[13][14]

Appellate terms

The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court in each judicial department is authorized to establish "appellate terms".[15] An appellate term is an intermediate appellate court that hears appeals from the inferior courts within their designated counties or judicial districts, and are intended to ease the workload on the Appellate Division and provide a less expensive forum closer to the people.[15]

Appellate terms are located in the 1st and 2nd Judicial Departments only, representing Downstate New York.[16] These hear appeals from the New York City Civil Court, New York City Criminal Court, City Courts in the 1st and 2nd Departments, and District Court. (City Courts in other departments appeal to the County Courts instead.)[17]

The 1st Department has a single Appellate Term covering Manhattan and The Bronx.[18][19] The 2nd Department has two Appellate Terms. The Appellate Term for the 2nd, 11th and 13th Judicial Districts covers Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island, and generally sits at 141 Livingston Street in Brooklyn. The Appellate Term for the 9th and 10th Judicial Districts covers Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, and Putnam Counties; it generally rotates between the Westchester County Courthouse in White Plains, the Nassau County Supreme Court Building in Mineola, and the Cohalan Court Complex in Central Islip. They occasionally sit at other locations within their jurisdiction.[18][20][21]

Appellate terms consist of between three and five justices of the Supreme Court, appointed by the Chief Administrative Judge with the approval of presiding justice of the appropriate appellate division. The court sits in three-judge panels, with two justices constituting a quorum and being necessary for a decision.[15] Decisions by the Appellate Term must be followed by courts whose appeals lie to it.[22][23]

Criminal terms

In New York City, all felony cases are heard in criminal terms.[1]

The Criminal Term of the Supreme Court, New York County is divided into 1 all purpose part, 15 conference and trial parts, 1 youth part, 1 narcotics/sci part, 1 felony waiver/sci part, 1 integrated domestic violence part, and 16 trial parts, which include 3 Judicial Diversion Parts and 1 Mental Health Part.[24]

Civil terms

In New York City, all major civil cases are heard in civil terms.[1]

Administration

 
New York judicial districts

The court system is divided into thirteen judicial districts: seven upstate districts each comprising between five and eleven counties, five districts corresponding to the boroughs of New York City, and one district on Long Island.[25] In each judicial district outside New York City, an Administrator (or Administrative Judge if a judge) is responsible for supervising all courts and agencies, while inside New York City an Administrator (or Administrative Judge) supervises each major court.[26] Administrators are assisted by Supervising Judges who are responsible in the on-site management of the trial courts, including court caseloads, personnel, and budget administration, and each manage a particular type of court within a county or judicial district.[26] The Administrator is also assisted by the District Executive and support staff.[27] The district administrative offices are responsible for personnel, purchasing, budgets, revenue, computer automation, court interpreters, court security, and case management.[27] Opinions of the New York trial courts are published selectively in the Miscellaneous Reports.[28][29]

Judges

A judge of the New York Supreme Court is titled "justice".

Elections

See also: Elections in New York
See also: 2022 New York state elections

Supreme Court justices are elected.[30] Justices are nominated by judicial district nominating conventions, with judicial delegates themselves elected from assembly districts.[31] Some (political party) county committees play a significant role in their judicial district conventions, for example restricting nomination to those candidates that receive approval from a party screening committee.[32] Sometimes, the parties cross-endorse each other's candidates, while at other times they do not and incumbent judges must actively campaign for re-election. Judicial conventions have been criticized as opaque, brief and dominated by county party leaders.[33] In practice, most of the power of selecting justices belongs to local political party organizations, such as the Kings County Democratic County Committee (Brooklyn Democratic Party), which control the delegates.[34] The process was challenged in litigation which ultimately resulted in a U.S. Supreme Court decision in N.Y. State Bd. of Elections v. Lopez Torres, which upheld the constitutionality of New York's judicial election system.

New York Supreme Court justices are elected to 14-year terms. A Supreme Court Justice's term ends, even if the 14-year term has not yet expired, at the end of the calendar year in reaching the age of 70. However, an elected Supreme Court Justice may obtain certification to continue in office, without having to be re-elected, for three two-year periods, until final retirement at the end of the year in which the Justice turns 76. These additional six years of service are available only for elected Supreme Court Justices, not for "Acting" Justices whose election or appointments were to lower courts.

Assignments

 
The Queens County Criminal Courts Building houses justices and courtrooms of the New York Supreme Court

In many counties, the number of New York Supreme Court justices is fewer than the number of needed justices. For that reason, judges of the New York City Civil Court, New York City Criminal Court, New York Family Court, and New York Court of Claims are designated as Acting Supreme Court Justices.

Notable justices

History

The New York Supreme Court is the oldest Supreme Court with general original jurisdiction. It was established as the Supreme Court of Judicature by the Province of New York on May 6, 1691. That court was continued by the State of New York after independence was declared in 1776. It became the New York Supreme Court under the New York Constitutional Convention of 1846.

In November 2004, the court system merged the operations of two separate criminal courts—the Bronx County Criminal Court and the Criminal Term of Bronx County Supreme Court—into a single trial court of criminal jurisdiction known as the Bronx Criminal Division.[35][36]

References

  1. ^ a b c d State of New York Judiciary Budget: FY 2014-15 (PDF). p. 18.
  2. ^ Schneider v. Aulisi, 307 N.Y. 376, 384, 121 N.E.2d 375 (1954).
  3. ^ a b The New York State Courts: An Introductory Guide (PDF). New York State Office of Court Administration. 2016. pp. 1–3. OCLC 39042187. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  4. ^ Civil Practice Law and Rules article 78
  5. ^ "Sporza v. German Savings Bank, 84 N.E. 406, 192 N.Y. 8". CourtListener.com. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  6. ^ "Commercial Division - NY Supreme Court - New York County Home". www.nycourts.gov. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  7. ^ "Commercial Division - NY Supreme Court - 7th Judicial District". www.nycourts.gov. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  8. ^ "Supreme Court - Commercial Division - History". www.nycourts.gov. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  9. ^ "Commercial Division - NY Supreme Court - Home". www.nycourts.gov. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  10. ^ "PART 202. Uniform Civil Rules For The Supreme Court And The County Court | NYCOURTS.GOV". ww2.nycourts.gov. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
  11. ^ Stonecash, Jeffrey M. (2001). Governing New York State (4th ed.). SUNY Press. p. 172. ISBN 0-7914-4888-6. LCCN 00-032955.
  12. ^ Mountain View Coach Lines v. Storms, 102 A.D.2d 663, 476 N.Y.S.2d 918 (2d Dept. 1984).
  13. ^ Birnbaum, Edward L.; Belen, Ariel E.; Grasso, Carl T. (2012). New York Trial Notebook (6th ed.). James Publishing. pp. 1–23. ISBN 978-1-58012-104-0.
  14. ^ Duffy v. Horton Memorial Hospital, 66 N.Y.2d 473, 497 N.Y.S.2d 890 (1985); Mountain View Coach Lines v. Storms, 102 A.D.2d 663, 476 N.Y.S.2d 918 (2d Dept. 1984).
  15. ^ a b c "New York State Constitution, Article IV, Section 8: Appellate terms of supreme court; composition and jurisdiction". NY State Senate. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
  16. ^ Galie & Bopst 2012, p. 177.
  17. ^ "A court system for the future: the promise of court restructuring in New York State" (PDF). New York State Unified Court System. February 2007. p. 18, 27. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
  18. ^ a b "New York's Appellate Terms: A Manual for Practitioners". New York State Bar Association. July 2014. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
  19. ^ "Appellate Term | NYCOURTS.GOV". ww2.nycourts.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
  20. ^ "Appellate Division - Second Judicial Department FAQs". nycourts.gov. Q2 and Q41. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
  21. ^ "Appellate Term - Directions". nycourts.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
  22. ^ 28 NY Jur 2d, Courts and Judges § 220, at 274 [1997]
  23. ^ Yellow Book of NY L.P. v. Dimilia, 188 Misc.2d 489, 729 N.Y.S.2d 286 (2001)
  24. ^ "Supreme Court, Criminal Branch, New York County". New York State Office of Court Administration. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  25. ^ Judiciary Law § 140. "The state is hereby divided into thirteen judicial districts, [...]"
  26. ^ a b "Court Administration". New York State Office of Court Administration. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  27. ^ a b "9th Judicial District". New York State Office of Court Administration. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  28. ^ Gibson & Manz 2004, p. 153.
  29. ^ Gibson & Manz 2004, p. 151.
  30. ^ Local Government Handbook (PDF) (6th ed.). New York State Department of State. 2009. p. 21.
  31. ^ New York City Bar Association Council on Judicial Administration (March 2014). Judicial Selection Methods in the State of New York: A Guide to Understanding and Getting Involved in the Selection Process (PDF). New York City Bar Association. pp. 23–27.
  32. ^ NYC Bar 2014, pp. 16–18.
  33. ^ Williams, Milton L. (19 September 2012). "A better way to pick New York judges". New York Daily News.
  34. ^ Marks, Alexandra (12 August 2003). "In Brooklyn, fixing a 'corrupt' court system". Christian Science Monitor.
  35. ^ The Bronx Criminal Division: Merger After Five Years (PDF). New York State Unified Court System. October 2009. OCLC 491295164.
  36. ^ Report on the Merger of the Bronx Supreme and Criminal Courts (PDF). Association of the Bar of the City of New York. June 2009.

Further reading

  • Gibson, Ellen M.; Manz, William H. (2004). Gibson's New York Legal Research Guide (PDF) (3rd ed.). Wm. S. Hein Publishing. ISBN 1-57588-728-2. LCCN 2004042477. OCLC 54455036.
  • Lincoln, Charles Z. (1906). The Constitutional History of New York. Lawyers Co-operative Publishing. OCLC 1337955.

External links

  • Supreme Court in New York City
  • Supreme Court outside New York City
  • Supreme Court in the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations
  • New York Slip Opinion Service from the New York State Law Reporting Bureau
  • New York Official Reports Service from West

January 26, 2023
york, supreme, court, highest, appellate, court, york, york, court, appeals, supreme, court, state, york, trial, level, court, general, jurisdiction, york, state, unified, court, system, appellate, division, also, highest, intermediate, appellate, court, veste. For the highest appellate court in New York see New York Court of Appeals The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the trial level court of general jurisdiction in the New York State Unified Court System Its Appellate Division is also the highest intermediate appellate court It is vested with unlimited civil and criminal jurisdiction although in many counties outside New York City it acts primarily as a court of civil jurisdiction with most criminal matters handled in County Court 1 The court is radically different from its counterparts in nearly all other states in that the Supreme Court is a trial court and is not the highest court in the state The highest court of the State of New York is the Court of Appeals Also although it is a trial court the Supreme Court sits as a single great tribunal of general state wide jurisdiction rather than an aggregation of separate courts sitting in the several counties or judicial districts of the state 2 The Supreme Court is established in each of New York s 62 counties 1 Contents 1 Jurisdiction 2 Structure 2 1 Appellate Division 2 2 Appellate terms 2 3 Criminal terms 2 4 Civil terms 3 Administration 4 Judges 4 1 Elections 4 2 Assignments 4 3 Notable justices 5 History 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksJurisdiction Edit New York County Courthouse at 60 Centre Street viewed from across Foley Square Under the New York State Constitution the New York State Supreme Court has unlimited jurisdiction in both civil and criminal cases with the exception of certain monetary claims against the State of New York itself In practice the Supreme Court hears civil actions involving claims above a certain monetary amount for example 25 000 in New York City that puts the claim beyond the jurisdiction of lower courts 3 Civil actions about lesser sums are heard by courts of limited jurisdiction such as the New York City Civil Court or the County Court District Court city courts or justice courts town and village courts outside New York City 3 The Supreme Court also hears civil cases involving claims for equitable relief such as injunctions specific performance or rescission of a contract as well as actions for a declaratory judgment The Supreme Court also has exclusive jurisdiction of matrimonial actions such as either contested or uncontested actions for a divorce or annulment The court also has exclusive jurisdiction over Article 78 proceedings against a body or officer seeking to overturn an official determination on the grounds that it was arbitrary capricious and unreasonable or contrary to law 4 At English Common Law the lord chancellor not as a part of his equitable jurisdiction but as the king s delegate to exercise the Crown s special jurisdiction had responsibility for the custody and protection of infants and the mentally incapacitated Upon the organization of the Supreme Court in New York the Legislature transferred so much of the law as formed a part of the king s prerogative to it 5 The Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court are responsible for oversight of the related programs In 1995 the New York Supreme Court established a trial level Commercial Division beginning in New York County Manhattan 6 and Monroe County the 7th Judicial District 7 8 The Commercial Division has expanded to the 8th District located in Buffalo and the Albany Kings Nassau Onondaga Queens Suffolk and Westchester County Supreme Courts 9 These are specialized Business Courts with a defined jurisdiction focusing on business and commercial litigation The jurisdictional amount in controversy required to have a case heard in the Commercial Division varies among these Commercial Division courts ranging from 50 000 in Albany and Onondaga Counties to 500 000 in New York County but the Commercial Division rules Section 202 70 are otherwise uniform 10 With respect to criminal cases the Criminal Branch of Supreme Court tries felony cases in the five counties of New York City whereas they are primarily heard by the County Court elsewhere 11 Misdemeanor cases and arraignments in almost all cases are handled by lower courts the New York City Criminal Court the District Court in Nassau County and the five western towns of Suffolk County city courts and justice courts and so on Structure EditAppellate Division Edit Main article New York Supreme Court Appellate Division Second Department Appeals from Supreme Court decisions as well as from the Surrogate s Court Family Court and Court of Claims are heard by the New York Supreme Court Appellate Division This court is intermediate between the New York Supreme Court and the New York Court of Appeals There is one Appellate Division which for administrative purposes comprises four judicial departments 12 Decisions of the Appellate Division department panels are binding on the lower courts in that department and also on lower courts in other departments unless there is contrary authority from the Appellate Division of that department 13 14 Appellate terms Edit The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court in each judicial department is authorized to establish appellate terms 15 An appellate term is an intermediate appellate court that hears appeals from the inferior courts within their designated counties or judicial districts and are intended to ease the workload on the Appellate Division and provide a less expensive forum closer to the people 15 Appellate terms are located in the 1st and 2nd Judicial Departments only representing Downstate New York 16 These hear appeals from the New York City Civil Court New York City Criminal Court City Courts in the 1st and 2nd Departments and District Court City Courts in other departments appeal to the County Courts instead 17 The 1st Department has a single Appellate Term covering Manhattan and The Bronx 18 19 The 2nd Department has two Appellate Terms The Appellate Term for the 2nd 11th and 13th Judicial Districts covers Brooklyn Queens and Staten Island and generally sits at 141 Livingston Street in Brooklyn The Appellate Term for the 9th and 10th Judicial Districts covers Nassau Suffolk Westchester Rockland Orange Dutchess and Putnam Counties it generally rotates between the Westchester County Courthouse in White Plains the Nassau County Supreme Court Building in Mineola and the Cohalan Court Complex in Central Islip They occasionally sit at other locations within their jurisdiction 18 20 21 Appellate terms consist of between three and five justices of the Supreme Court appointed by the Chief Administrative Judge with the approval of presiding justice of the appropriate appellate division The court sits in three judge panels with two justices constituting a quorum and being necessary for a decision 15 Decisions by the Appellate Term must be followed by courts whose appeals lie to it 22 23 Criminal terms Edit In New York City all felony cases are heard in criminal terms 1 The Criminal Term of the Supreme Court New York County is divided into 1 all purpose part 15 conference and trial parts 1 youth part 1 narcotics sci part 1 felony waiver sci part 1 integrated domestic violence part and 16 trial parts which include 3 Judicial Diversion Parts and 1 Mental Health Part 24 Civil terms Edit In New York City all major civil cases are heard in civil terms 1 Administration Edit New York judicial districts The court system is divided into thirteen judicial districts seven upstate districts each comprising between five and eleven counties five districts corresponding to the boroughs of New York City and one district on Long Island 25 In each judicial district outside New York City an Administrator or Administrative Judge if a judge is responsible for supervising all courts and agencies while inside New York City an Administrator or Administrative Judge supervises each major court 26 Administrators are assisted by Supervising Judges who are responsible in the on site management of the trial courts including court caseloads personnel and budget administration and each manage a particular type of court within a county or judicial district 26 The Administrator is also assisted by the District Executive and support staff 27 The district administrative offices are responsible for personnel purchasing budgets revenue computer automation court interpreters court security and case management 27 Opinions of the New York trial courts are published selectively in the Miscellaneous Reports 28 29 Judges EditA judge of the New York Supreme Court is titled justice Elections Edit See also Elections in New York See also 2022 New York state electionsSupreme Court justices are elected 30 Justices are nominated by judicial district nominating conventions with judicial delegates themselves elected from assembly districts 31 Some political party county committees play a significant role in their judicial district conventions for example restricting nomination to those candidates that receive approval from a party screening committee 32 Sometimes the parties cross endorse each other s candidates while at other times they do not and incumbent judges must actively campaign for re election Judicial conventions have been criticized as opaque brief and dominated by county party leaders 33 In practice most of the power of selecting justices belongs to local political party organizations such as the Kings County Democratic County Committee Brooklyn Democratic Party which control the delegates 34 The process was challenged in litigation which ultimately resulted in a U S Supreme Court decision in N Y State Bd of Elections v Lopez Torres which upheld the constitutionality of New York s judicial election system New York Supreme Court justices are elected to 14 year terms A Supreme Court Justice s term ends even if the 14 year term has not yet expired at the end of the calendar year in reaching the age of 70 However an elected Supreme Court Justice may obtain certification to continue in office without having to be re elected for three two year periods until final retirement at the end of the year in which the Justice turns 76 These additional six years of service are available only for elected Supreme Court Justices not for Acting Justices whose election or appointments were to lower courts Assignments Edit The Queens County Criminal Courts Building houses justices and courtrooms of the New York Supreme Court In many counties the number of New York Supreme Court justices is fewer than the number of needed justices For that reason judges of the New York City Civil Court New York City Criminal Court New York Family Court and New York Court of Claims are designated as Acting Supreme Court Justices Notable justices Edit George G Barnard Richard J Bartlett Benjamin N Cardozo John Carro Richard J Daronco Noah Davis Gerald Garson James Kent Barry Kramer Irving Lehman Samuel Leibowitz Edmund H Lewis Henry Brockholst Livingston Joseph Lorigo Jeremiah T Mahoney Daniel D Tompkins Sol Wachtler Robert F Wagner Raymond WalterHistory EditThe New York Supreme Court is the oldest Supreme Court with general original jurisdiction It was established as the Supreme Court of Judicature by the Province of New York on May 6 1691 That court was continued by the State of New York after independence was declared in 1776 It became the New York Supreme Court under the New York Constitutional Convention of 1846 In November 2004 the court system merged the operations of two separate criminal courts the Bronx County Criminal Court and the Criminal Term of Bronx County Supreme Court into a single trial court of criminal jurisdiction known as the Bronx Criminal Division 35 36 References Edit a b c d State of New York Judiciary Budget FY 2014 15 PDF p 18 Schneider v Aulisi 307 N Y 376 384 121 N E 2d 375 1954 a b The New York State Courts An Introductory Guide PDF New York State Office of Court Administration 2016 pp 1 3 OCLC 39042187 Retrieved 2019 03 04 Civil Practice Law and Rules article 78 Sporza v German Savings Bank 84 N E 406 192 N Y 8 CourtListener com Retrieved May 10 2020 Commercial Division NY Supreme Court New York County Home www nycourts gov Retrieved 2019 03 02 Commercial Division NY Supreme Court 7th Judicial District www nycourts gov Retrieved 2019 03 02 Supreme Court Commercial Division History www nycourts gov Retrieved 2019 03 02 Commercial Division NY Supreme Court Home www nycourts gov Retrieved 2019 03 02 PART 202 Uniform Civil Rules For The Supreme Court And The County Court NYCOURTS GOV ww2 nycourts gov Retrieved 2019 03 02 Stonecash Jeffrey M 2001 Governing New York State 4th ed SUNY Press p 172 ISBN 0 7914 4888 6 LCCN 00 032955 Mountain View Coach Lines v Storms 102 A D 2d 663 476 N Y S 2d 918 2d Dept 1984 Birnbaum Edward L Belen Ariel E Grasso Carl T 2012 New York Trial Notebook 6th ed James Publishing pp 1 23 ISBN 978 1 58012 104 0 Duffy v Horton Memorial Hospital 66 N Y 2d 473 497 N Y S 2d 890 1985 Mountain View Coach Lines v Storms 102 A D 2d 663 476 N Y S 2d 918 2d Dept 1984 a b c New York State Constitution Article IV Section 8 Appellate terms of supreme court composition and jurisdiction NY State Senate Retrieved 2022 01 29 Galie amp Bopst 2012 p 177 A court system for the future the promise of court restructuring in New York State PDF New York State Unified Court System February 2007 p 18 27 Retrieved 2022 01 28 a b New York s Appellate Terms A Manual for Practitioners New York State Bar Association July 2014 Retrieved 2022 01 28 Appellate Term NYCOURTS GOV ww2 nycourts gov Retrieved 2022 01 29 Appellate Division Second Judicial Department FAQs nycourts gov Q2 and Q41 Retrieved 2022 01 29 Appellate Term Directions nycourts gov Retrieved 2022 01 29 28 NY Jur 2d Courts and Judges 220 at 274 1997 Yellow Book of NY L P v Dimilia 188 Misc 2d 489 729 N Y S 2d 286 2001 Supreme Court Criminal Branch New York County New York State Office of Court Administration Retrieved 28 November 2014 Judiciary Law 140 The state is hereby divided into thirteen judicial districts a b Court Administration New York State Office of Court Administration Retrieved 1 September 2014 a b 9th Judicial District New York State Office of Court Administration Retrieved 1 September 2014 Gibson amp Manz 2004 p 153 Gibson amp Manz 2004 p 151 Local Government Handbook PDF 6th ed New York State Department of State 2009 p 21 New York City Bar Association Council on Judicial Administration March 2014 Judicial Selection Methods in the State of New York A Guide to Understanding and Getting Involved in the Selection Process PDF New York City Bar Association pp 23 27 NYC Bar 2014 pp 16 18 Williams Milton L 19 September 2012 A better way to pick New York judges New York Daily News Marks Alexandra 12 August 2003 In Brooklyn fixing a corrupt court system Christian Science Monitor The Bronx Criminal Division Merger After Five Years PDF New York State Unified Court System October 2009 OCLC 491295164 Report on the Merger of the Bronx Supreme and Criminal Courts PDF Association of the Bar of the City of New York June 2009 Further reading EditGalie Peter J Bopst Christopher 2012 The New York State Constitution 2nd ed Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 986056 2 LCCN 2011051555 Gibson Ellen M Manz William H 2004 Gibson s New York Legal Research Guide PDF 3rd ed Wm S Hein Publishing ISBN 1 57588 728 2 LCCN 2004042477 OCLC 54455036 Lincoln Charles Z 1906 The Constitutional History of New York Lawyers Co operative Publishing OCLC 1337955 New York State Constitution New York State Department of State The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York External links EditSupreme Court in New York City Supreme Court outside New York City Supreme Court in the New York Codes Rules and Regulations New York Slip Opinion Service from the New York State Law Reporting Bureau New York Official Reports Service from West Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title New York Supreme Court amp oldid 1129150333, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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