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Orange County, California

April 20, 2023

Orange County, often known by its initials O.C., is located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in Southern California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,186,989,[4] making it the third-most-populous county in California, the sixth-most-populous in the United States, and more populous than 19 American states and Washington, D.C.[6] Although largely suburban, it is the second-most-densely-populated county in the state behind San Francisco County.[7] The county's three most-populous cities are Anaheim, Santa Ana, and Irvine, each of which has a population exceeding 300,000.[8] Santa Ana is also the county seat. Six cities in Orange County are on the Pacific coast: Seal Beach, Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Laguna Beach, Dana Point, and San Clemente.

Orange County, California
County
County of Orange
Clockwise from top: aerial view of the coast of Newport Beach; Huntington Beach Pier; Laguna Beach; San Clemente Pier; and Sleeping Beauty Castle in Disneyland
Flag
Seal
Interactive map of Orange County
Location in the state of California
Coordinates: 33°40′N 117°47′W / 33.67°N 117.78°W / 33.67; -117.78Coordinates: 33°40′N 117°47′W / 33.67°N 117.78°W / 33.67; -117.78
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
RegionGreater Los Angeles
IncorporatedAugust 1, 1889[1]
Named forThe orange, named so the county would sound like a semi-tropical, mediterranean region to people from the east coast[1]
County seatSanta Ana
Largest cityAnaheim (population)
Irvine (area)
Government
 • TypeCouncil–CEO
 • Body
 • ChairDonald P. Wagner (R)
 • Vice ChairAndrew Do (R)
 • County Executive OfficerFrank Kim
Area
 • Total948 sq mi (2,460 km2)
 • Land799 sq mi (2,070 km2)
 • Water157 sq mi (410 km2)
Highest elevation
[3]
5,690 ft (1,730 m)
Population
 (April 1, 2020)[4]
 • Total3,186,989
 • Density3,989/sq mi (1,540/km2)
DemonymOrange Countian
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific Time Zone)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Area codes562, 657/714, 949
GDP$233 billion[5]
Websiteocgov.com

Orange County is included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county has 34 incorporated cities. Older cities like Tustin, Santa Ana, Anaheim, Orange, and Fullerton have traditional downtowns dating back to the 19th century, while newer commercial development or "edge cities" stretch along the Interstate 5 (Santa Ana) Freeway between Disneyland and Santa Ana and between South Coast Plaza and the Irvine Business Complex, and cluster at Irvine Spectrum. Although single-family homes make up the dominant landscape for most of the county, Northern and Central Orange County is relatively more urbanized and dense as compared to those areas south of Irvine, which are less dense, though still contiguous and primarily suburban rather than exurban.

The county is a tourist center, with attractions like Disneyland, Knott's Berry Farm, Mission San Juan Capistrano, Huntington Beach Pier, Modjeska House, Segerstrom Center for the Arts, Yost Theater, Bowers Museum, Balboa Island, Angel Stadium, Downtown Santa Ana, Crystal Cove Historic District, the Honda Center, the Old Orange County Courthouse, the Irvine Ranch Natural Landmarks, and several popular beaches along its more than 40 mi (64 km) of coastline. It is also home to a major research university, the University of California, Irvine (UCI), along with a number of other notable colleges and universities such as Chapman University and Cal State Fullerton.

History

Indigenous

 
José de Grácia Cruz was a Acjachemen man Indigenous to the area that is now Orange County.[9]

Archeological evidence shows the area to have been inhabited beginning about 9,500 years ago.[10] At the time of European contact, the northern area of what is now Orange County was primarily inhabited by the Tongva, a part of Tovaangar, while the southern area of the county, below Aliso Creek, was primarily inhabited by the Acjachemen.[11][12] Both groups lived in villages throughout the area. Large villages were sometimes multiethnic and multilingual, such as Genga, located in what is now Newport Beach. The village was shared by the Tongva and Acjachemen.[13] The village of Puhú was located in what is now Black Star Canyon and was shared by multiple groups, including the Tongva, Acjachemen, Serrano and Payómkawichum.[14]

The mother village of the Acjachemen was Putiidhem and is now located in San Juan Capistrano underneath Junipero Serra Catholic High School.[15][16] For the Tongva, north Orange County was at the southern extent of their village sites.[17] In coastal villages like Lupukngna, at least 3,000 years old located in what is now Huntington Beach, villagers likely used te'aats or plank boats to navigate the coastline, with fish and shellfish being more central to the diet.[18][19] In inland villages such as Hutuknga, rabbit and mule deer were more central, in addition to acorns from oak trees and seeds from grasses and sage bushes common everywhere.[20]

Spanish mission period

 
From 1776-1833, there were 4,317 baptisms and 3,153 deaths of native people recorded at Mission San Juan Capistrano (pictured in 1921).[21][22]

After the 1769 expedition of Gaspar de Portolà, a Spanish expedition led by Junipero Serra named the area Valle de Santa Ana (Valley of Saint Anne).[23] On November 1, 1776, Mission San Juan Capistrano became the area's first permanent European settlement. Among those who came with Portolá were José Manuel Nieto and José Antonio Yorba. Both these men were given land grants—Rancho Los Nietos and Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, respectively.[24]

The Nieto heirs were granted land in 1834. The Nieto ranches were known as Rancho Los Alamitos, Rancho Las Bolsas, and Rancho Los Coyotes. Yorba heirs Bernardo Yorba and Teodosio Yorba were also granted Rancho Cañón de Santa Ana (Santa Ana Canyon Ranch) and Rancho Lomas de Santiago, respectively. Other ranchos in Orange County were granted by the Mexican government during the Mexican period in Alta California.[24]

Saint Junípero Serra y Ferrer and the early components of the Portolá Expedition arrived in modern-day San Diego, south of the present-day Orange County, in mid-late 1769. During these early Mission years, however, the early immigrants continued to rely on imports of both Mexican-grown and Spanish-grown wines; Serra repeatedly complained of the process of repeated, labored import.[25] The first grape crop production was produced in 1782 at San Juan Capistrano, with vines potentially brought through supply ships in 1778.[25]

19th century

Viticulture became an increasingly important crop in Los Angeles and Orange Counties through the subsequent decades. By the 1850s, the regions supported more than 100 vineyards.[26] In 1857, Anaheim was founded by 50 German-Americans (with lineage extending back to Franconia) in search of a suitable grape-growing region.[27] This group purchased a 1,165 acres (4.71 km2) parcel from Juan Pacifico Ontiveros's Rancho San Juan Cajon de Santa Ana for $2 per acre and later formed the Anaheim Vineyard Company.[28][26] With surveyor George Hansen, two of the wine colony's founders, John Frohling and Charles Kohler, planted 400,000 grapevines along the Santa Ana River; by 1875, "there were as many as 50 wineries in Anaheim, and the city’s wine production topped 1 million gallons annually."[26] Despite later afflictions of both Phylloxera and Pierce's Disease, wine growing is still practiced.[29]

A severe drought in the 1860s devastated the prevailing industry, cattle ranching, and much land came into the possession of Richard O'Neill Sr.[30] James Irvine and other land barons. In 1887, silver was discovered in the Santa Ana Mountains, attracting settlers via the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific Railroads. High rates of Anglo migration gradually moved Mexicans into colonias, or segregated ethnic enclaves.[31]

County establishment

 
Los Angeles County before the secession of Orange County in 1889

After several failed attempts in previous sessions, the California legislature passed a bill authorizing the portion of Los Angeles County south of Coyote Creek to hold a referendum on whether to remain part of Los Angeles County or to secede and form a new county to be named “Orange” as directed by the legislature. The referendum required a 2/3 vote for secession to take place, and on June 4, 1889, the vote was 2,509 to 500 in favor of secession. After the referendum, Los Angeles County filed three lawsuits to prevent the secession, but their attempts were futile.

On July 17, 1889, a second referendum was held south of the Coyote Creek to determine if the county seat of the new county would be Anaheim or Santa Ana, along with an election for every county officer. Santa Ana defeated Anaheim in the referendum. With the referendum having passed, the County of Orange was officially incorporated on August 1, 1889.[32] Since the incorporation of the county, the only geographical changes made to the boundary was when the County and Los Angeles County traded some parcels of land around Coyote Creek to conform to city blocks.[when?]

The county is said to have been named for the citrus fruit in an attempt to promote immigration by suggesting a semi-tropical paradise – a place where anything could grow.[33]

20th century

 
Advertisement for the Valencia orange, which became the major industrial crop by the 1920s

Other citrus crops, avocados, and oil extraction were also important to the early economy. Orange County benefited from the July 4, 1904, completion of the Pacific Electric Railway, a trolley connecting Los Angeles with Santa Ana and Newport Beach. The link made Orange County an accessible weekend retreat for celebrities of early Hollywood. It was deemed so significant that Pacific City changed its name to Huntington Beach in honor of Henry E. Huntington, president of the Pacific Electric and nephew of Collis Huntington. Transportation further improved with the completion of the State Route and U.S. Route 101 (now mostly Interstate 5) in the 1920s.

 
Orange County map, 1921

In the 1910s, agriculture in Orange County was largely centered on grains, hay, and potatoes by small farmers, accounting for 60% of the county's exports. The Segerstroms and Irvines once produced so many lima beans that the county was called "Beanville".[34] By 1920, fruit and nut exports exploded, which led to the increase of industrialized farming and the decline of family farms. For example, by 1917, William Chapman came to own 350,000 acres in northeastern Orange County from the Valencia orange.[35] Around the 1910s and 1920s, most of the barrios of Orange County, such as in Santa Ana, further developed as company towns of Mexican laborers, who worked in the industrial orange groves.[36] Poor working conditions resulted in the Citrus Strike of 1936, in which more than half of the orange industry's workforce, largely Mexican, demanded better working conditions. The strike was heavily repressed, with forced evictions and state-sanctioned violence being used as tactics of suppression.[37] Carey McWilliams referred to the suppression as "the toughest violation of civil rights in the nation."[31]

The Los Angeles flood of 1938 devastated some areas of Orange County, with most of the effects being in Santa Ana and Anaheim, which were flooded with six feet of water. As an eight-foot-high rush of water further spilled out of the Santa Ana Canyon, forty-three people were killed in the predominately Mexican communities of Atwood and La Jolla in Placentia.[38] The devastation from this event, as well as from the 1939 California tropical storm, meant that Orange County was in need of new infrastructure, which was supported by the New Deal. This included the construction of numerous schools, city halls, post offices, parks, libraries, and fire stations, as well as the improvement of road infrastructure throughout Orange County.[39]

 
Mendez v. Westminster (1947) overturned racial segregation in California schools. The case was initiated when Sylvia Mendez (pictured) was turned away from enrolling at a primary school in Westminster.

School segregation between Mexican and white students in Orange County was widespread in the mid 1940s, with 80% of Mexican students attending 14 segregated schools. These schools taught Mexican children manual education – or gardening, bootmaking, blacksmithing, and carpentry for Mexican boys and sewing and homemaking for girls – while white schools taught academic preparation.[40] The landmark case Mendez vs. Westminster (1947) desegregated Orange County schools, after the Mendez family were denied enrollment into the 17th Street School in Westminster in 1944, despite their cousins with lighter skin being admitted, and were instead told to enroll at the Hoover Elementary School for Mexican children.[41]

In the 1950s, agriculture, such as that involving the boysenberries made famous by Buena Park native Walter Knott, began to decline. However, the county's prosperity soared during this time. The completion of Interstate 5 in 1954 helped make Orange County a bedroom community for many who moved to Southern California to work in aerospace and manufacturing.[42] Orange County received a further economic boost in 1955 with the opening of Disneyland.

In 1969, Yorba Linda-born Orange County native Richard Nixon became the 37th President of the United States.

In the late 1970s, Vietnamese and Latino immigrants began to populate central Orange County.[43]

In the 1980s, Orange County had become the second most populous county in California as the population topped two million for the first time.

In the 1990s, red foxes became common in Orange County as a non-native mesopredator, with increasing urban development pushing out coyote and mountain lion populations to the county's shrinking natural areas.[44][45]

In 1994, an investment fund meltdown led to the criminal prosecution of treasurer Robert Citron. The county lost at least $1.5 billion through high-risk investments in bonds. The loss was blamed on derivatives by some media reports.[46] On December 6, 1994, the County of Orange declared Chapter 9 bankruptcy,[46] from which it emerged on June 12, 1996.[47] The Orange County bankruptcy was at the time the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history.[46]

Land use conflicts arose between established areas in the north and less developed areas in the south. These conflicts were over issues such as construction of new toll roads and the repurposing of a decommissioned air base. El Toro Marine Corps Air Station was designated by a voter measure in 1994 to be developed into an international airport to complement the existing John Wayne Airport. But subsequent voter initiatives and court actions have caused the airport plan to be permanently shelved. It has developed into the Orange County Great Park and housing.[48]

21st century

 
Laguna Beach in 2010 (with Newport Beach in background)

In the 21st century, the social landscape of Orange County has continued to change. The opioid epidemic saw a rise in Orange County, with unintentional overdoses becoming the third highest contributor of deaths by 2014. As in other areas, the deaths disproportionately occurred in the homeless population. However, deaths were widespread among affluent and poorer areas in Orange County, with the highest at-risk group being Caucasian males between the ages of 45-55. A 2018 study found that supply reduction was not sufficient to preventing deaths.[49]

In 2008, a report issued by the Orange County Superior Court found that the county was experiencing a pet "overpopulation problem," with the growing number of pets leading to an increase in euthanasias at the Orange County Animal Shelter to 13,000 for the year alone.[50]

Following the 2016 presidential election, Santa Ana become a sanctuary city for immigrants. This created an intense debate in Orange County surrounding politics toward immigration, with many cities opposing pro-immigration policies.[51]

The COVID-19 pandemic in Orange County disproportionately affected lower income and Latino residents.[52]

Implementation of renewable energy and climate change awareness in Orange County increased, with the city of Irvine pledging to be a zero-carbon economy by 2030 and Buena Park, Huntington Beach, and Fullerton pledging to move to 100% clean energy.[53] Residential solar panel installation has rapidly increased, even among middle-income families, as a result of the state's residential solar program which began in 2006.[54]

In the 2010s, campaigns to conserve remaining natural areas gained awareness.[55][56] By the early 2020s, some success was found, with the conservation of 24 acres in the West Coyote Hills of a total 510 acres and the Genga/Banning Ranch project moving forward, conserving some 385 acres, which was part of the Tongva village area of Genga.[55][56][57] In 2021, the commemorative 1.5 acre Putuidem village opened after years of delays and campaigning by the Acjachemen.[58]

Geography

See also: List of rivers of Orange County, California
 
The Orange County watershed
 
Aerial view of an edge city: Irvine Business Complex (top), John Wayne Airport runway (upper center), South Coast Metro buildings (lower center) and below, the South Coast Plaza mall
 
Three Arch Bay in Laguna Beach, Southern Orange County

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 948 sq mi (2,460 km2), of which 791 sq mi (2,050 km2) is land and 157 sq mi (410 km2) (16.6%) is water.[59] It is the smallest county by area in Southern California, being just over 40% the size of the region's next smallest county, Ventura. The average annual temperature is about 68 °F (20 °C).

Orange County is bordered on the southwest by the Pacific Ocean, on the north by Los Angeles County, on the northeast by San Bernardino County, on the east by Riverside County, and on the southeast by San Diego County.

The northwestern part of the county lies on the coastal plain of the Los Angeles Basin, while the southeastern end rises into the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains. Most of Orange County's population reside in one of two shallow coastal valleys that lie in the basin, the Santa Ana Valley and the Saddleback Valley. The Santa Ana Mountains lie within the eastern boundaries of the county and of the Cleveland National Forest. The high point is Santiago Peak (5,689 ft (1,734 m)[60]), about 20 mi (32 km) east of Santa Ana. Santiago Peak and nearby Modjeska Peak, just 200 ft (60 m) shorter, form a ridge known as Saddleback, visible from almost everywhere in the county. The Peralta Hills extend westward from the Santa Ana Mountains through the communities of Anaheim Hills, Orange, and ending in Olive. The Loma Ridge is another prominent feature, running parallel to the Santa Ana Mountains through the central part of the county, separated from the taller mountains to the east by Santiago Canyon.

The Santa Ana River is the county's principal watercourse, flowing through the middle of the county from northeast to southwest. Its major tributary to the south and east is Santiago Creek. Other watercourses within the county include Aliso Creek, San Juan Creek, and Horsethief Creek. In the North, the San Gabriel River also briefly crosses into Orange County and exits into the Pacific on the Los Angeles-Orange County line between the cities of Long Beach and Seal Beach. Laguna Beach is home to the county's only natural lakes, Laguna Lakes, which are formed by water rising up against an underground fault.

Regions of Orange County

 
Huntington Beach and Fountain Valley from over Costa Mesa

Orange County is sometimes divided into northern and southern regions. There are significant political, demographic, economic and cultural distinctions between North and South Orange County.[61] A popular dividing line between the two regions is the Costa Mesa Freeway.

Northern Orange County, including Anaheim, Fullerton, Garden Grove and Santa Ana, was the first part of the county to be developed and is culturally closer to neighboring Los Angeles County. This region is more Hispanic (mostly Mexican) and Asian (predominantly Vietnamese and Korean),[62] more densely populated (Santa Ana is the fifth most densely-populated city in the United States with a population of over 200,000), younger, less wealthy and with higher unemployment. It has more renters and fewer homeowners and generally votes Democratic. There are notable exceptions to these general trends, such as strongly Republican Yorba Linda and affluent Anaheim Hills, North Tustin, and Villa Park.[61] Northern Orange County is predominantly flat, giving way to the Santa Ana Mountains in the Northeast.

Southern Orange County is wealthier, more residential, more Republican, predominantly non-Hispanic white, and more recently developed. Irvine, the largest city in the region, is an exception to some of these trends, being not only a major employment center, but also a major tech hub and education center with UCI. Furthermore, the city is an Asian plurality (both South and East Asian), and votes reliably Democratic in recent years. Southern Orange County almost always includes Irvine,[63] Newport Beach, and the cities to their southeast, including Lake Forest, Laguna Beach, Mission Viejo, and San Clemente. Alternatively, Irvine and Newport Beach are sometimes seen as Central Orange County, acting as a transition zone between north and south; when this viewpoint is taken Tustin is also considered to be in Central Orange County. Costa Mesa is sometimes included in South County,[64] although it is located predominantly to the west of the Costa Mesa Freeway and is part of the even street grid network of northern Orange County.[65] Irvine is located in a valley defined by the Santa Ana Mountains and the San Joaquin Hills, while much of Southern Orange County is very hilly.

Another region of Orange County is the Orange Coast, which includes the six cities bordering the Pacific Ocean. These are, from northwest to southeast: Seal Beach, Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Laguna Beach, Dana Point and San Clemente, although Seal Beach is sometimes viewed as an extension of neighboring Long Beach in Los Angeles County.

Commercial districts and edge cities

See also: Irvine Spectrum and South Coast Plaza–John Wayne Airport edge city

Older cities in North Orange County like Santa Ana, Anaheim, Orange and Fullerton have traditional downtowns dating to the late 19th century, with Downtown Santa Ana being the home of the county, state and federal institutions. However, far more commercial activity is concentrated in clusters of newer commercial development located further south in the county's edge cities. The three largest edge cities, from north to south, are:

Anaheim—Santa Ana edge city

 
Major facilities in the Anaheim–Santa Ana edge city, plus the locations of the adjacent downtowns

A contiguous strip of commercial development (an edge city) stretches from Disneyland through to MainPlace Mall along the I-5 Santa Ana Freeway,[66][67][68][69][70] straddling the city limits of Anaheim, Garden Grove, Orange, and Santa Ana, and in fact stretching between the original downtowns of those four cities.

Entertainment and cultural facilities include Disneyland Resort, Angel Stadium, Christ Cathedral (formerly Crystal Cathedral), City National Grove of Anaheim - a live concert venue, Discovery Cube Orange County, the Honda Center - home to the Anaheim Ducks of the NHL (National Hockey League), and the Anaheim Convention Center. Health care facilities include CHOC (Children's Hospital of Orange County), Kaiser Permanente Health Pavilion (Anaheim), St. Joseph Hospital (Orange), and the UCI Medical Center.

Retail complexes include Anaheim GardenWalk, Anaheim Marketplace (claiming to be the largest indoor swap meet in Orange County with more than 200 vendors), MainPlace Mall, Orange Town & Country, and The Outlets at Orange, originally a mall named "The City" which was the centerpiece of a planned, 1970s mixed-use development by the same name. There is commercial strip-style development including big box retailers along West Chapman Avenue in Orange (Marshalls, Ralphs), along Harbor Boulevard in Garden Grove (Burlington, Ross Dress for Less), and around Harbor Blvd. and Chapman Ave. in Anaheim (Target).

Major hotels line Harbor Boulevard from Disneyland south to Garden Grove: Grand Legacy at the Park, Hilton, Marriott, Courtyard, DoubleTree Suites, Hampton Inn, Hilton Garden Inn, Homewood Suites, Embassy Suites, Residence Inn, Hyatt Regency, Marriott Suites, Sheraton, and the Great Wolf Lodge. The Orange County Transit Authority studied the corridor as the possible route for a streetcar, a proposal that was dropped in 2018 due to opposition from Anaheim and other city governments.[71]

In addition to suburban-style apartment complexes, Anaheim's Platinum Triangle is undergoing transformation from a low-density commercial and industrial zone into a more urban environment with high-density housing, commercial office towers, and retail space. Anaheim envisions it as a "downtown for Orange County".[72] The 820 acres (330 ha) area undergoing this large-scale redevelopment includes the city's two major sports venues, the Honda Center and Angel Stadium of Anaheim.[73]

National protected areas

Climate

Orange County
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
22
 
 
20
7
 
 
24
 
 
22
7
 
 
45
 
 
27
9
 
 
24
 
 
31
10
 
 
5
 
 
34
14
 
 
1
 
 
37
16
 
 
2
 
 
38
18
 
 
5
 
 
38
17
 
 
5
 
 
37
17
 
 
4
 
 
30
13
 
 
26
 
 
24
9
 
 
49
 
 
18
6
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [74]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.9
 
 
68
45
 
 
0.9
 
 
72
45
 
 
1.8
 
 
81
48
 
 
0.9
 
 
88
50
 
 
0.2
 
 
93
57
 
 
0
 
 
99
61
 
 
0.1
 
 
100
64
 
 
0.2
 
 
100
63
 
 
0.2
 
 
99
63
 
 
0.2
 
 
86
55
 
 
1
 
 
75
48
 
 
1.9
 
 
64
43
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
189013,589—
190019,69644.9%
191034,43674.8%
192061,37578.2%
1930118,67493.4%
1940130,76010.2%
1950216,22465.4%
1960703,925225.6%
19701,420,386101.8%
19801,932,70936.1%
19902,410,55624.7%
20002,846,28918.1%
20103,010,2325.8%
20203,186,9895.9%
2022 (est.)3,151,184−1.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[75]
1790–1960[76] 1900–1990[77]
1990–2000[78] 2010[79] 2020[80] 2022[81][82]

2020 census

Orange County, California - Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[79] Pop 2020[80] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 1,328,499 1,198,655 44.13% 37.61%
Black or African American alone (NH) 44,000 49,304 1.46% 1.55%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 6,216 5,298 0.21% 0.17%
Asian alone (NH) 532,477 699,124 17.69% 21.94%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 8,357 7,714 0.28% 0.24%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 5,593 14,818 0.19% 0.46%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 72,117 125,242 2.40% 3.93%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 1,012,973 1,086,834 33.65% 34.10%
Total 3,010,232 3,186,989 100.00% 100.00%

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

2018

Population, race, and income
Total population[83] 3,185,968
  White[83] 71.5%
  White non-Hispanic[83] 40.1%
  Black or African American[83] 2.1%
  American Indian or Alaska Native[83] 1.0%
  Asian[83] 21.4%
  Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander[83] 0.4%
 Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[83] 34.2%
Per capita income 2013–7 in 2018 dollars[83] $37,603
Median household income 2013–7 in 2018 dollars[citation needed] $81,851

2011

Places by population, race, and income

2010

 
Orange County Density Map. Darker shades indicate more densely populated areas.

The 2010 United States Census reported that Orange County had a population of 3,010,232. The racial makeup of Orange County was 1,830,758 (60.8%) White (44.0% non-Hispanic white), 50,744 (1.7%) African American, 18,132 (0.6%) Native American, 537,804 (17.9%) Asian, 9,354 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 435,641 (14.5%) from other races, and 127,799 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,012,973 persons (33.7%).[91]

The Hispanic and Latino population is predominantly of Mexican origin; this group accounts for 28.5% of the county's population, followed by Salvadorans (0.8%), Guatemalans (0.5%), Puerto Ricans (0.4%), Cubans (0.3%), Colombians (0.3%), and Peruvians (0.3%).[92] Santa Ana with its population reportedly 75 percent Hispanic/Latino, is among the most Hispanic/Latino percentage cities in both California and the U.S., esp. of Mexican-American descent.[93]

Among the Asian population, 6.1% are Vietnamese, followed by Koreans (2.9%), Chinese (2.7%), Filipinos (2.4%), Indians (1.4%), Japanese (1.1%), Cambodians (0.2%), Pakistanis (0.2%), Thais (0.1%), Indonesians (0.1%), and Laotians (0.1%).[92] According to KPCC in 2014, Orange County has the largest proportion of Asian Americans in Southern California, where one in five residents are Asian American.[94] There is also a significant Muslim population in the county.[95]

2000

As of the census[96] of 2000, there were 2,846,289 people, 935,287 households, and 667,794 families living in the county, making Orange County the second most populous county in California. The population density was 1,392/km2 (3,606/sq mi). There were 969,484 housing units at an average density of 474/km2 (1,228/sq mi). The racial makeup of the county was 64.8% White, 13.6% Asian, 1.7% African American, 0.7% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 14.8% from other races, and 4.1% from two or more races. 30.8% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 8.9% were of German, 6.9% English and 6.0% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000. 58.6% spoke only English at home; 25.3% spoke Spanish, 4.7% Vietnamese, 1.9% Korean, 1.5% Chinese (Cantonese or Mandarin) and 1.2% Tagalog.

In 1990, still according to the census[97] there were 2,410,556 people living in the county. The racial makeup of the county was 78.6% White, 10.3% Asian or Pacific Islander, 1.8% African American, 0.5% Native American, and 8.8% from other races. 23.4% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Out of 935,287 households, 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.9% married couples were living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.48.

Ethnic change has been transforming the population. By 2009, nearly 45 percent of the residents spoke a language other than English at home. Whites now comprise only 45 percent of the population, while the numbers of Hispanics grow steadily, along with Vietnamese, Korean and Chinese families. The percentage of foreign-born residents jumped to 30 percent in 2008 from 6 percent in 1970. The mayor of Irvine, Sukhee Kang, was born in Korea, making him the first Korean-American to run a major American city. “We have 35 languages spoken in our city,” Kang observed.[98] The population is diverse age-wise, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% 65 years of age or older. The median age is 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $61,899, and the median income for a family was $75,700 (these figures had risen to $71,601 and $81,260 respectively as of a 2007 estimate[99]). Males had a median income of $45,059 versus $34,026 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,826. About 7.0% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.

Residents of Orange County are known as "Orange Countians".[100]

Economy

Business

 
The developing urban core in the City of Irvine

Orange County is the headquarters of many Fortune 500 companies including Ingram Micro (#62[101]) and First American Corporation (#476[102]) in Santa Ana, Broadcom (#150) in Irvine, Western Digital (#198[103]) in Lake Forest, and Pacific Life (#269[104]) in Newport Beach. Irvine is the home of numerous start-up companies and also is the home of Fortune 1000 headquarters for Allergan, Edwards Lifesciences, Epicor, and Sun Healthcare Group. Other Fortune 1000 companies in Orange County include Beckman Coulter in Brea, Quiksilver in Huntington Beach and Apria Healthcare Group in Lake Forest. Irvine is also the home of notable technology companies like TV and sound bar company VIZIO, router manufacturer Linksys, video/computer game creator Blizzard Entertainment, and in-flight product manufacturer Panasonic Avionics Corporation. Also, the prestigious Mercedes-Benz Classic Center USA is located in the City of Irvine. Many regional headquarters for international businesses reside in Orange County like Mazda, Toshiba, Toyota, Samsung, Kia, in the City of Irvine, Mitsubishi in the City of Cypress, Kawasaki Motors in Foothill Ranch, and Hyundai in the City of Fountain Valley. Fashion is another important industry to Orange County. Oakley, Inc. is headquartered in Lake Forest. Hurley International is headquartered in Costa Mesa. The network cyber security firm Milton Security Group is located in Brea.[105][106][107][108][109] The shoe company Pleaser USA, Inc. is located in Fullerton. St. John is headquartered in Irvine. Tustin, is home to Ricoh Electronics, New American Funding, and Safmarine. Wet Seal is headquartered in Lake Forest. PacSun is headquartered in Anaheim.[110] Restaurants such as Taco Bell, El Pollo Loco, In-N-Out Burger, Claim Jumper, Marie Callender's, Wienerschnitzel, have headquarters in the city of Irvine as well. Del Taco is headquartered in Lake Forest. Gaikai also has its headquarters in Orange County.

Shopping

Shopping in Orange County is centered around regional shopping malls, big box power centers and smaller strip malls. South Coast Plaza in Costa Mesa is the largest mall in California, the third largest in the United States, and 31st largest in the world. Other regional shopping malls include (from north to south): Brea Mall, The Village at Orange, The Outlets at Orange, MainPlace Santa Ana, Westminster Mall, Bella Terra in Huntington Beach, The Market Place straddling Tustin and Irvine, Irvine Spectrum Center, Fashion Island in Newport Beach, Five Lagunas and The Shops at Mission Viejo. Downtown Disney and Anaheim GardenWalk are specialized shopping and entertainment centers aimed at visitors. Power centers include La Habra Marketplace, Anaheim Plaza, and Anaheim Town Square. There is one major outlet mall, The Outlets at San Clemente.[111]

Tourism

Tourism remains a vital aspect of Orange County's economy. Anaheim is the main tourist hub, with the Disneyland Resort's Disneyland being the second most visited theme park in the world. Also, Knotts Berry Farm gets about 7 million visitors annually and is located in the city of Buena Park. The Anaheim Convention Center holds many major conventions throughout the year. Resorts within the Beach Cities receive visitors throughout the year due to their close proximity to the beach, biking paths, mountain hiking trails, golf courses, shopping and dining.

Food culture

As recently as the 1990s, award-winning restaurants in Orange County consisted mostly of national chain restaurants with traditional American or Tex-Mex comfort food.[citation needed] In the late 1990s, Tim and Liza Goodell with chef Florent Marneau, and David Wilhelm, established culinary restaurant groups featuring nouvelle cuisine, gourmet burgers and more. The Orange County Register states that the "tipping point" came in 2007 when Marneaus founded Marché Moderne (since moved to Crystal Cove), and Top Chef chef Amar Santana opened a branch of Charlie Palmer (closed 2015),[112] both at South Coast Plaza. Santana followed opening restaurants Broadway in Laguna Beach and Vaca in Costa Mesa. Other Top Chef chefs followed with their own restaurants including Brian Huskey (Tackle Box), Shirley Chung (Twenty Eight), Jamie Gwen of Cutthroat Kitchen, and from The Great Food Truck Race, Jason Quinn (Playground), who also opened three stands at the 4th Street Market[113] food hall in Downtown Santa Ana in 2016.[114]

Food halls with gourmet vendors include the 42,000 sq ft (3,900 m2) Anaheim Packing District, the 4th Street Market in Downtown Santa Ana, Lot 579 in Huntington Beach, Trade Food Hall in Irvine,[115] OC Mix in Costa Mesa, and The Source OC in Buena Park.[116]

In 2019, the Michelin Guide awarded stars for the first time to Orange County restaurants, awarding Hana Re and Taco Maria one star each.[117] In 2021, Knife Pleat in Costa Mesa was awarded one Michelin star as well.[118]

Arts and culture

 
1965 aerial photo of Anaheim Disneyland, Disneyland Hotel with its Monorail Station. The Disneyland Heliport, surrounding orange groves, Santa Ana Freeway (now I-5) and the Melodyland Theater "in the round," and part of the City of Anaheim. Anaheim Stadium can be seen under construction near the upper left.

The area's warm Mediterranean climate and 42 mi (68 km) of year-round beaches attract millions of tourists annually. Huntington Beach is a hot spot for sunbathing and surfing; nicknamed "Surf City, U.S.A.", it is home to many surfing competitions. "The Wedge", at the tip of The Balboa Peninsula in Newport Beach, is one of the most famous body surfing spots in the world. Southern California surf culture is prominent in Orange County's beach cities. Another one of these beach cities being Laguna Beach, just south of Newport Beach. A few popular beaches include A Thousand Steps on 9th Street, Main Street Beach, and The Montage. Other "local" beaches that are worth a visit are Tablerock Beach and West Street Beach, both located in South Laguna Beach.

Other tourist destinations include the theme parks Disneyland and Disney California Adventure Park in Anaheim and Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park. Due to the 2022 reopening of Wild Rivers in Irvine, the county is home to two water parks along with Soak City in Buena Park. The Anaheim Convention Center is the largest such facility on the West Coast. The Old Towne, Orange Historic District in the City of Orange (the traffic circle at the middle of Chapman Avenue at Glassell Street) still maintains its 1950s image, and appeared in the movie That Thing You Do!.

Little Saigon is another tourist destination, home to the largest concentration of Vietnamese people outside Vietnam. There are also sizable Taiwanese, Chinese, and Korean communities, particularly in western Orange County. This is evident in several Asian-influenced shopping centers in Asian American hubs like Irvine. Popular food festival 626 Night Market has a location at OC Fair & Event Center in Costa Mesa and is a popular attraction for Asian and fusion food, as well as an Art Walk and live entertainment.[119]

Historical points of interest include Mission San Juan Capistrano, the renowned destination of migrating swallows. The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum is in Yorba Linda and the Richard Nixon Birthplace, on the grounds of the Library, is a National Historic Landmark. John Wayne's yacht, the Wild Goose or USS YMS-328, is in Newport Beach. Other notable structures include the home of Madame Helena Modjeska, in Modjeska Canyon on Santiago Creek; Ronald Reagan Federal Building and Courthouse in Santa Ana, the largest building in the county; the historic Balboa Pavilion[120] in Newport Beach; and the Huntington Beach Pier. The county has nationally known centers of worship, such as Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove, the largest house of worship in California; Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, one of the largest churches in the United States; and the Calvary Chapel.

Religion

In 2014, the county had 1,075 religious organizations, the sixth-highest total among all US counties (matching its status as the sixth-most-populous county in the US).[121]

Orange County is the base for several religious organizations:

Sports

Main article: Sports in Orange County, California

Huntington Beach annually plays host to the U.S. Open of Surfing, AVP Pro Beach Volleyball and Vans World Championship of Skateboarding.[132] It was also the shooting location for Pro Beach Hockey.[133] USA Water Polo, Inc. has moved its headquarters to Irvine, California.[134] Orange County's active outdoor culture is home to many surfers, skateboarders, mountain bikers, cyclists, climbers, hikers, kayaking, sailing and sand volleyball.

 
Street banners promoting the county's two major league teams, the Ducks and the Angels

The Major League Baseball team in Orange County is the Los Angeles Angels. The team won the World Series under manager Mike Scioscia in 2002. In 2005, new owner Arte Moreno wanted to change the name to "Los Angeles Angels" in order to better tap into the Los Angeles media market, the second largest in the country. However, the standing agreement with the city of Anaheim demanded that they have "Anaheim" in the name, so they became the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. This name change was hotly disputed by the city of Anaheim, but the change stood, which prompted a lawsuit by the city of Anaheim against Arte Moreno, won by the latter. Prior to the 2016 Moreno and the club officially dropped the Anaheim moniker now simply going by the Los Angeles Angels.

The county's National Hockey League team, the Anaheim Ducks, won the 2007 Stanley Cup beating the Ottawa Senators. They also came close to winning the 2003 Stanley Cup finals after losing in Game 7 against the New Jersey Devils.

The Toshiba Classic, the only PGA Champions Tour event in the area, is held each March at The Newport Beach Country Club. Past champions include Fred Couples (2010), Hale Irwin (1998 and 2002), Nick Price (2011), Bernhard Langer (2008) and Jay Haas (2007). The tournament benefits the Hoag Hospital Foundation and has raised over $16 million in its first 16 years.

Orange County SC is a United Soccer League team and are the only professional soccer club in Orange County. The team's first season was in 2011 and it was successful as Charlie Naimo's team made it to the quarter-finals of the playoffs. With home games played at Championship Soccer Stadium in Orange County Great Park the team looks to grow in the Orange County community and reach continued success. Former and current Orange County SC players include Richard Chaplow, Bright Dike, Maykel Galindo, Carlos Borja, and goalkeeper Amir Abedzadeh.

The National Football League left the county when the Los Angeles Rams relocated to St. Louis in 1995.

The National Basketball Association's Los Angeles Clippers played some home games at The Arrowhead Pond, now known as the Honda Center, from 1994 to 1999, before moving to Staples Center (now Crypto.com Arena), which they share with the Los Angeles Lakers.

Government

 
Charter of the County of Orange, with amendments through June 2016

Orange County is a charter county of California; its seat is Santa Ana.

The elected offices of the county government consist of the five-member Board of Supervisors, Assessor, Auditor-Controller, Clerk-Recorder, District Attorney-Public Administrator, Sheriff-Coroner, and Treasurer-Tax Collector. Except for the Board of Supervisors, each of these elected officers are elected by the voters of the entire county and oversee their own County departments.[135]

As of January 2023, the six countywide elected officers are:[135][136]

  • Assessor: Claude Parrish, Republican (since January 5, 2015)
  • Auditor-Controller: Andrew Hamilton, CPA, Republican (since January 2, 2023)
  • Clerk-Recorder: Hugh Nguyen, Republican (since April 3, 2013)
  • District Attorney-Public Administrator: Todd Spitzer, Republican (since January 7, 2019)
  • Sheriff-Coroner: Don Barnes, Republican (since January 7, 2019)
  • Treasurer-Tax Collector: Shari Freidenrich, CPA, Republican (since January 3, 2011)

A seventh countywide elected officer, the County Superintendent of Schools (jointly with an independently elected County Board of Education) oversees the independent Orange County Department of Education.[137]

Board of Supervisors

Main article: Orange County Board of Supervisors

Each of the five members of the Board of Supervisors is elected from a regional district, and together, the board oversees the activities of the county's agencies and departments and sets policy on development, public improvements, and county services. At the beginning of each calendar year, the Supervisors select a Chair and Vice Chair amongst themselves. The Chair presides over board meetings, and the Vice Chair presides when the Chair is not present. The Board appoints the Clerk of the Board of Supervisors, the County Counsel, the Performance Audit Director, and the Director of the Office of Independent Review. The Board also appoints the County Executive Officer to act as the chief administrative officer of the county and the manager of all agencies and departments not under the sole jurisdiction of an elected county official nor the sole jurisdiction of one of the four aforementioned officers appointed by the Board.[138]

As of January 2023, the members of the Orange County Board of Supervisors are:[135][136][138]

Department of Education

The County Department of Education is wholly separate from the County government and is jointly overseen by the elected County Superintendent of Schools and the five-member Orange County Board of Education, whose trustees are popularly elected from five separate trustee areas.[137]

As of January 2023, the six elected officials overseeing the Orange County Department of Education are:[136][139]

Pension scandal

On July 12, 2010, it was revealed that former Sheriff Mike Carona received over $215,000 in pension checks in 2009, despite his felony conviction.[140] A 2005 state law denied a public pension to public officials convicted of wrongdoing in office, however, that law only applied to benefits accrued after December 2005. Carona became eligible for his pension at age 50, and is also entitled, by law, to medical and dental benefits.[141][142] It was noted that the county's retirement system faces a massive shortfall totaling $3.7 billion unfunded liabilities, and Carona was one of approximately 400 retired Orange County public servants who received more than $100,000 in benefits in 2009.[143] Also on the list of those receiving extra-large pension checks is former treasurer-tax collector Robert Citron, whose investments, which were made while consulting psychics and astrologers, led Orange County into bankruptcy in 1994.[144]

Citron, a Democrat, funneled billions of public dollars into questionable investments, and at first the returns were high and cities, schools and special districts borrowed millions to join in the investments. But the strategy backfired, and Citron's investment pool lost $1.64 billion. Nearly $200 million had to be slashed from the county budget and more than 1,000 jobs were cut. The county was forced to borrow $1 billion.[145]

The California Foundation for Fiscal Responsibility filed a lawsuit against the pension system to get the list. The agency had claimed that pensioner privacy would be compromised by the release. A judge approved the release and the documents were released late June 2010. The release of the documents has reopened debate on the pension plan for retired public safety workers approved in 2001 when Carona was sheriff.[146]

Called "3 percent at 50," it lets deputies retire at age 50 with 3 percent of their highest year's pay for every year of service. Before it was approved and applied retroactively, employees received 2 percent.[147] "It was right after Sept. 11," said Orange County Supervisor John Moorlach. "All of a sudden, public safety people became elevated to god status. The Board of Supervisors were tripping over themselves to make the motion." He called it "one of the biggest shifts of money from the private sector to the public sector." Moorlach, who was not on the board when the plan was approved, led the fight to repeal the benefit. A lawsuit, which said the benefit should go before voters, was rejected in Los Angeles County Superior Court in 2009 and is now under appeal.[146] Carona opposed the lawsuit when it was filed, likening its filing to a "nuclear bomb" for deputies.[citation needed]

Politics

Voter registration as of July 19, 2022[148]

  Democratic (37.4%)
  Republican (33.3%)
  No Party Preference (NPP) (23.6%)
  American Independent (3.4%)
  Libertarian (1.2%)
  Green (0.3%)
  Other Parties (0.8%)

During most of the 20th century and up until 2016, Orange County was known for its political conservatism and for being a bastion for the Republican Party, with a 2005 academic study listing three Orange County cities as among America's 25 most conservative.[149] However, the county's changing demographics have coincided with a shift in political alignments, making it far more competitive in recent years. In 2016, Hillary Clinton became the first Democrat since 1936 to carry Orange County in a presidential election and in the 2018 midterm elections the Democratic Party gained control of every Congressional seat in the county.[150][151][152][153] Although Democrats controlled all congressional districts in Orange County at the time, Republicans maintained a lead in voter registration numbers (although it shrunk to less than a percentage point as of February 10, 2019,[154] as compared with over 10% on February 10, 2013).[155] The number of registered Democrats surpassed the number of registered Republicans in the county in August 2019. As the number of Democrats increased, the number of voters not aligned with a political party increased to comprise 27.4% of the county's voters in 2019.[156] Republicans hold a 3-2 majority on the county Board of Supervisors. Seven out of the 12 state legislators from Orange County are also Republicans.

Political history

From the mid-20th century until the 2010s, Orange County was known as a Republican stronghold and consistently sent Republican representatives to the state and federal legislatures — so strongly so, that Ronald Reagan described it as the place that "all the good Republicans go to die."[150] Republican majorities in Orange County helped deliver California's electoral votes to Republican nominees Richard Nixon in 1960, 1968, and 1972; Gerald Ford in 1976; Reagan in 1980 and 1984; and George H. W. Bush in 1988. It was one of five counties in the state that voted for Barry Goldwater in 1964.

In 1936, Orange County gave Franklin D. Roosevelt a majority of its presidential vote. The Republican nominee won Orange County by double digits in the next seventeen presidential elections, but with the 2008 election it began trending Democratic until Hillary Clinton won the county with an eight point majority in 2016.[157][158] In 2020, Joe Biden further improved slightly on Clinton's 2016 margin of victory.[159][160]

The Republican margin began to narrow in the 1990s and 2000s as the state trended Democratic until the mid- to late-2010s when it voted for the Democratic Party in 2016 and in 2018, when the Democratic party won every United States House District anchored in the county, including four that had previously been held by Republicans.[161] This prompted media outlets to declare Orange County's Republican leanings "dead", with the Los Angeles Times running an op-ed titled, "An obituary to old Orange County, dead at age 129."[150][151][152][153][162] While Republicans were able to recapture two of the seven U.S. House seats in Orange County in 2020, Democrats continue to hold the other five, with Biden winning the county by a slightly greater margin than Clinton and a majority of the votes in each of the seven congressional districts.[160] Republicans still carry more weight at the local level, and in 2020 for the State Assembly elections, they won 50.2% of the vote and four out of seven seats of the county.[163] In the 2022 Midterm Elections, no congressional districts flipped, though Republicans performed strongly in Orange County, with every statewide GOP candidate carrying it.

United States presidential election results for Orange County, California[164]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 676,498 44.44% 814,009 53.48% 31,606 2.08%
2016 507,148 42.35% 609,961 50.94% 80,412 6.71%
2012 582,332 51.87% 512,440 45.65% 27,892 2.48%
2008 579,064 50.19% 549,558 47.63% 25,065 2.17%
2004 641,832 59.68% 419,239 38.98% 14,328 1.33%
2000 541,299 55.75% 391,819 40.36% 37,787 3.89%
1996 446,717 51.67% 327,485 37.88% 90,374 10.45%
1992 426,613 43.87% 306,930 31.56% 239,006 24.58%
1988 586,230 67.75% 269,013 31.09% 10,064 1.16%
1984 635,013 74.70% 206,272 24.27% 8,792 1.03%
1980 529,797 67.90% 176,704 22.65% 73,711 9.45%
1976 408,632 62.16% 232,246 35.33% 16,555 2.52%
1972 448,291 68.27% 176,847 26.93% 31,515 4.80%
1968 314,905 63.14% 148,869 29.85% 34,933 7.00%
1964 224,196 55.89% 176,539 44.01% 430 0.11%
1960 174,891 60.81% 112,007 38.95% 701 0.24%
1956 113,510 66.82% 54,895 32.31% 1,474 0.87%
1952 80,994 70.29% 33,397 28.98% 844 0.73%
1948 48,587 60.88% 29,018 36.36% 2,209 2.77%
1944 38,394 56.92% 28,649 42.47% 407 0.60%
1940 36,070 55.49% 28,236 43.44% 691 1.06%
1936 23,494 43.31% 29,836 55.00% 921 1.70%
1932 22,623 45.91% 23,835 48.37% 2,818 5.72%
1928 30,572 79.35% 7,611 19.75% 344 0.89%
1924 19,913 67.35% 2,565 8.68% 7,088 23.97%
1920 12,797 71.52% 3,502 19.57% 1,594 8.91%
1916 10,609 56.59% 6,474 34.54% 1,663 8.87%
1912 123 1.08% 4,406 38.58% 6,892 60.34%
1908 3,244 53.74% 1,911 31.65% 882 14.61%
1904 2,665 59.54% 1,034 23.10% 777 17.36%
1900 2,155 51.24% 1,777 42.25% 274 6.51%
1896 1,932 51.06% 1,712 45.24% 140 3.70%
1892 1,152 39.74% 1,000 34.49% 747 25.77%
Gubernatorial election results[165]
Orange County vote
by party in gubernatorial elections
† Special election
Year GOP DEM
2022 51.5% 489,554 48.5% 460,691
2021† 48.3% 547,685 51.7% 586,457
2018 49.9% 539,951 50.1% 543,047
2014 55.6% 344,817 44.4% 275,707
2010 56.8% 499,878 37.4% 328,663
2006 69.7% 507,413 25.5% 185,388
2003† 63.5% 493,850 16.8% 130,808
2002 57.5% 368,152 34.7% 222,149
1998 52.1% 370,736 44.7% 318,198
1994 67.7% 516,811 27.7% 211,132
1990 63.7% 425,025 31.3% 208,886
1986 71.9% 468,092 26.5% 172,782
1982 61.4% 422,878 36.7% 252,572
1978 44.2% 272,076 48.7% 299,577
1974 56.9% 297,870 40.6% 212,638
1970 66.9% 308,982 31.5% 145,420
1966 72.2% 293,413 27.9% 113,275
1962 59.4% 169,962 39.2% 112,152
1958 53.6% 98,729 46.3% 85,364
1954 69.7% 63,148 30.3% 27,511
1950 75.4% 57,348 24.6% 18,711

For the 118th United States Congress in the United States House of Representatives, Orange County is split between six congressional districts:[166]

The 40th, 45th, 46th, and 47th districts are all centered in Orange County. The 38th has its population center in Los Angeles County, while the 49th is primarily San Diego County-based. 132, 154, 188 In the California State Senate, Orange County is split into 7 districts:[166]

In the California State Assembly, Orange County is split into 9 districts:[166]

According to the California Secretary of State, as of February 10, 2019, Orange County has 1,591,543 registered voters. Of these, 34% (541,711) are registered Republicans, and 33.3% (529,651) are registered Democrats. An additional 28.5% (453,343) declined to state a political party.[154]

Orange County has produced such notable Republicans as President Richard Nixon (born in Yorba Linda and lived in Fullerton and San Clemente), U.S. Senator John F. Seymour (previously mayor of Anaheim), and U.S. Senator Thomas Kuchel (of Anaheim). Former Congressman Christopher Cox (of Newport Beach), a White House counsel for President Reagan, is also a former chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Orange County was also home to former Republican Congressman John G. Schmitz, a presidential candidate in 1972 from the ultra-conservative American Independent Party, John Birch Society member, and the father of Mary Kay Letourneau. In 1996, Curt Pringle (later mayor of Anaheim) became the first Republican Speaker of the California State Assembly in decades.

While the growth of the county's Hispanic and Asian populations in recent decades has significantly influenced Orange County's culture, its conservative reputation has remained largely intact. Partisan voter registration patterns of Hispanics, Asians and other ethnic minorities in the county have tended to reflect the surrounding demographics, with resultant Republican majorities in all but the central portion of the county. When Loretta Sanchez, a Blue Dog Democrat, defeated veteran Republican Bob Dornan in 1996, she was continuing a trend of Democratic representation of that district that had been interrupted by Dornan's 1984 upset of former Congressman Jerry Patterson. Until 1992, Sanchez herself was a moderate Republican, and she is viewed as somewhat more moderate than other Democrats from Southern California.

In 2004, George W. Bush captured 60% of the county's vote, up from 56% in 2000 despite a higher Democratic popular vote statewide. Although Barbara Boxer won statewide in the simultaneously-held senate election and fared better in Orange County than she did in 1998, Republican Bill Jones defeated her in the county, 51% to 43%. While the 39% that John Kerry received is higher than the percentage Bill Clinton won in 1992 or 1996, the percentage of the vote George W. Bush received in 2004 is the highest any presidential candidate has received since 1988, showing a still-dominant GOP presence in the county. In 2006, Senator Dianne Feinstein won 45% of the vote in the county, the best showing of a Democrat in a Senate race in over four decades, but Orange was nevertheless the only Coastal California county to vote for her Republican opponent, Dick Mountjoy.

The county is featured prominently in Lisa McGirr's book Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right. She argues that its conservative political orientation in the 20th century owed much to its settlement by farmers from the Great Plains, who reacted strongly to communist sympathies, the civil rights movement, and the turmoil of the 1960s in nearby Los Angeles — across the "Orange Curtain".

In the 1970s and 1980s, Orange County was one of California's leading Republican voting blocs and a subculture of residents with "Middle American" values that emphasized capitalist religious morality[clarification needed] in contrast to West coast liberalism.

Orange County has many Republican voters from culturally conservative Asian-American, Middle Eastern and Latino immigrant groups. The large Vietnamese-American communities in Garden Grove and Westminster are predominantly Republican; Vietnamese Americans registered Republicans outnumber those registered as Democrats, 55% to 22% as of 2007, while as of 2017 that figure is 42% to 36%. Republican Assemblyman Van Tran was the first Vietnamese-American elected to a state legislature and joined with Texan Hubert Vo as the highest-ranking elected Vietnamese-American in the United States until the 2008 election of Joseph Cao in Louisiana's 2nd congressional district. In the 2007 special election for the vacant county supervisor seat following Democrat Lou Correa's election to the state senate, two Vietnamese-American Republican candidates topped the list of 10 candidates, separated from each other by only seven votes, making the Orange County Board of Supervisors entirely Republican; Correa is first of only two Democrats to have served on the Board since 1987 and only the fifth since 1963.

Even with the Democratic sweep of Orange County's congressional seats in 2018, as well as a steady trend of Democratic gains in voter registration, the county remains very Republican downballot. In much of the county, the district's congressperson is the only elected Democrat above the county level, and in some cases the only elected Democrat above the municipal level. Generally, larger cities–those with a population over 100,000, such as Anaheim, Santa Ana, and Irvine - feature a registration advantage for Democrats, while the other municipalities still have a Republican voter registration advantage. This is especially true in Newport Beach, Yorba Linda, and Villa Park, the three cities where the Republican advantage is largest. As of February 10, 2019, the only exceptions to the former are Huntington Beach and Orange, while exceptions to the latter include Buena Park, Laguna Beach and Stanton.[154]

Similarly, despite Orange county supporting Democratic candidates for president in 2016, and 2020, there are still several smaller municipalities in the county that have continued to vote Republican for president. In addition to the aforementioned Newport Beach, Yorba Linda, and Villa Park, the cities of Huntington Beach, Dana Point, San Juan Capistrano, and San Clemente also supported Republican nominee Donald Trump for president twice.[167]

Voter registration (2020 census)

Cities by population and voter registration (2020 census)

Former congressional districts

Education

Further information: List of school districts in Orange County, California

Orange County is the home of many colleges and universities, including:

Some institutions not based in Orange County operate satellite campuses, including the University of Southern California, National University, Pepperdine University, and Springfield College.

The Orange County Department of Education oversees 28 school districts.

Media

Orange County is served by media in Los Angeles, including its TV and radio stations. Two television stations—KOCE-TV, the main PBS station in the Southland and KDOC-TV, an independent—are located in Orange County.

There are a few radio stations that are actually located in Orange County. KYLA 92.7 FM has a Christian format. KSBR 88.5 FM airs a jazz music format branded as "Jazz-FM" along with news programming. KUCI 88.9 FM is a free form college radio station that broadcasts from UC Irvine. KWIZ 96.7 FM, located in Santa Ana, airs a regional Mexican music format branded as "La Rockola 96.7". KWVE-FM 107.9 is owned by the Calvary Chapel of Costa Mesa. KWVE-FM is also the primary Emergency Alert System station for the county. The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim also own and operate a sports-only radio station from Orange, KLAA. KX 93.5 FM[177] broadcasts out of Laguna Beach and features an eclectic mix of mostly alternative rock.

County-wide politics and government coverage is primarily provided by the Orange County Register and Voice of OC. OC Weekly was an alternative weekly publication, and Excélsior is a Spanish-language newspaper. A few communities are served by the Los Angeles Times' publication of the Daily Pilot. Orange Coast was established in 1974 and is the oldest continuously published lifestyle magazine in the region. OC Music Magazine is also based out of Orange County, serving local musicians and artists.

The Orange County Plain Dealer (January 1898 to May 8, 1925), was a mostly Anaheim-based newspaper, and successor to The Independent, bought by James E. Valjean, a Republican and edited by him, a former editor of the Portsmouth Blade (Ohio).[178][179]

Other newspapers were: Anaheim Daily Herald, Anaheim Gazette, Anaheim Bulletin.[180]

Transportation

Transit in Orange County is offered primarily by the Orange County Transportation Authority. The American Public Transportation Association (APTA) cited OCTA as the best large public transportation system in the United States for 2005. OCTA manages the county's bus network and funds the construction and maintenance of local streets, highways, and freeways; regulates taxicab services; maintains express toll lanes through the median of California State Route 91; and works with Southern California's Metrolink to provide commuter rail service along three lines: the Orange County Line, the 91 Line, and the Inland Empire–Orange County Line.

Major highways

 
State Route 1 winds down the coast over Corona Del Mar State Beach.

Ground transportation in Orange County relies heavily on three major interstate highways: the Santa Ana Freeway (I-5), the San Diego Freeway (I-405 and I-5 south of Irvine), and the San Gabriel River Freeway (I-605), which briefly passes through northwestern Orange County. The other freeways in the county are state highways, and include the Riverside and Artesia Freeway (SR 91) and the Garden Grove Freeway (SR 22) running east–west, and the Orange Freeway (SR 57), the Costa Mesa Freeway (SR 55), the Laguna Freeway (SR 133), the San Joaquin Transportation Corridor (SR 73), the Eastern Transportation Corridor (SR 261, SR 133, SR 241), and the Foothill Transportation Corridor (SR 241) running north–south. Minor stub freeways include the Richard M. Nixon Freeway (SR 90), also known as Imperial Highway, and the southern terminus of Pacific Coast Highway (SR 1). There are no U.S. Highways in Orange County, though two existed in the county until the mid-1960s: 91 and 101. US 91 went through what is now the state route of the same number, and US 101 was replaced by Interstate 5. SR 1 was once a bypass of US 101 (Route 101A).

Bus

Main article: Orange County Transportation Authority

The bus network comprises 6,542 stops on 77 lines, running along most major streets, and accounts for 210,000 boardings a day. The fleet of 817 buses is gradually being replaced by CNG (Compressed natural gas)-powered vehicles, which already represent over 40% of the total fleet. Service is operated by OCTA employees and First Transit under contract. OCTA operates one bus rapid transit service, Bravo, on Harbor Boulevard. In addition, OCTA offers paratransit service for the disabled (OC ACCESS), also operated by MV.

Rail

Since 1992, Metrolink has operated three commuter rail lines through Orange County, and has also maintained Rail-to-Rail service with parallel Amtrak service. On a typical weekday, over 40 trains run along the Orange County Line, the 91 Line and the Inland Empire–Orange County Line. Along with Metrolink riders on parallel Amtrak lines, these lines generate approximately 15,000 boardings per weekday. Metrolink also began offering weekend service on the Orange County Line and the Inland Empire-Orange County line in the summer of 2006. As ridership has steadily increased in the region, new stations have opened at Anaheim Canyon, Buena Park, Tustin, and Laguna Niguel/Mission Viejo. Plans for a future station in Placentia are underway and is expected to be completed by 2020.

Since 1938, the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad and later Amtrak, has operated the Pacific Surfliner regional passenger train route (previously named the San Diegan until 2000)[181] through Orange County. The route includes stops at eight stations in Orange County including, in northbound order, San Clemente Pier (selected trips), San Juan Capistrano, Laguna Niguel/Mission Viejo (formerly), Irvine Transportation Center, Santa Ana Regional Transportation Center, Orange Transportation Center (formerly), Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center (ARTIC), and Fullerton Transportation Center.

OC Streetcar, formerly known as the Santa Ana/Garden Grove Fixed Guideway Project, is a streetcar line connecting Downtown Santa Ana to the Depot at Santa Ana which is currently under construction and expected to open in 2023.[182] OCTA has also proposed connecting the two systems via Harbor Boulevard and the West Santa Ana Branch corridor.[183][184] Plans for a streetcar for Harbor Boulevard in Fullerton, Anaheim, and Garden Grove — the Anaheim Rapid Connection — were shelved in 2018.

Sea

A car and passenger ferry service, the Balboa Island Ferry, comprising three ferries running every five minutes, operates within Newport Harbor between Balboa Peninsula and Balboa Island in Newport Beach. The Catalina Flyer connects the Balboa Peninsula to Avalon with daily round-trip passage through about nine months of the year. The Catalina Express connects Dana Point to Avalon (with departures from two greater Long Beach ports also connecting to Two Harbors).

Air

Orange County's only major airport is John Wayne Airport; its abbreviation (SNA) refers to Santa Ana, the closest large town in the early 20th century. The airport is located in unincorporated territory surrounded by Newport Beach, Costa Mesa, and Irvine. On destination monitors with flights to SNA, the airport is usually described as "Orange County, CA". In 2014, its Thomas F. Riley Terminal handled over 9 million passengers annually and as of 2019, seven airline brands provide scheduled service.

Communities

Cities

Unincorporated communities

These communities are outside city limits in unincorporated county territory.

Planned communities

Orange County has a history of large planned communities. Nearly 30 percent of the county was created as master planned communities[citation needed], the most notable being the City of Irvine, Coto de Caza, Anaheim Hills, Tustin Ranch, Tustin Legacy, Ladera Ranch, Talega, Rancho Santa Margarita, and Mission Viejo. Irvine is often referred to as a model master-planned city because its original seven villages (College Park, The Colony, The Ranch, Culverdale, The Racket Club, University Park, and Turtle Rock) were laid out by the Irvine Company of the mid-1960s before it was bought by a group of investors including Donald Bren.

In culture

Orange County has been the setting for numerous written works and motion pictures, as well as a popular location for shooting motion pictures.

The city of San Juan Capistrano is where writer Johnston McCulley set the first novella about Zorro, The Curse of Capistrano. It was published in 1919 and later renamed The Mark of Zorro. Science fiction novels set in Orange County include A Scanner Darkly (1977) by Philip K. Dick and the Three Californias trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson (1984–1990). Many novels by suspense thriller writer Dean Koontz are set in Orange County; Koontz is a resident of Newport Beach.

Orange County was featured by Huell Howser in Road Trip Episode 109.[185]

Popular television series set in Orange County include the Fox drama The O.C. (2003–2007), the Fox sitcom Arrested Development (2003–2006), and the Bravo reality show The Real Housewives of Orange County (2006–present). The three programs share a common focus on the extravagant lifestyles of the county's upper class.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
  2. ^ a b c d For statistical purposes in 2020 Census, defined by the United States Census Bureau as a census-designated place (CDP).

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April 20, 2023
orange, county, california, orange, county, often, known, initials, located, angeles, metropolitan, area, southern, california, 2020, census, population, making, third, most, populous, county, california, sixth, most, populous, united, states, more, populous, . Orange County often known by its initials O C is located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in Southern California As of the 2020 census the population was 3 186 989 4 making it the third most populous county in California the sixth most populous in the United States and more populous than 19 American states and Washington D C 6 Although largely suburban it is the second most densely populated county in the state behind San Francisco County 7 The county s three most populous cities are Anaheim Santa Ana and Irvine each of which has a population exceeding 300 000 8 Santa Ana is also the county seat Six cities in Orange County are on the Pacific coast Seal Beach Huntington Beach Newport Beach Laguna Beach Dana Point and San Clemente Orange County CaliforniaCountyCounty of OrangeClockwise from top aerial view of the coast of Newport Beach Huntington Beach Pier Laguna Beach San Clemente Pier and Sleeping Beauty Castle in DisneylandFlagSealInteractive map of Orange CountyLocation in the state of CaliforniaCoordinates 33 40 N 117 47 W 33 67 N 117 78 W 33 67 117 78 Coordinates 33 40 N 117 47 W 33 67 N 117 78 W 33 67 117 78CountryUnited StatesStateCaliforniaRegionGreater Los AngelesIncorporatedAugust 1 1889 1 Named forThe orange named so the county would sound like a semi tropical mediterranean region to people from the east coast 1 County seatSanta AnaLargest cityAnaheim population Irvine area Government TypeCouncil CEO BodyBoard of Supervisors 2 Andrew Do R Vicente Sarmiento D Donald P Wagner R Doug Chaffee D Katrina Foley D ChairDonald P Wagner R Vice ChairAndrew Do R County Executive OfficerFrank KimArea Total948 sq mi 2 460 km2 Land799 sq mi 2 070 km2 Water157 sq mi 410 km2 Highest elevation 3 5 690 ft 1 730 m Population April 1 2020 4 Total3 186 989 Density3 989 sq mi 1 540 km2 DemonymOrange CountianTime zoneUTC 8 Pacific Time Zone Summer DST UTC 7 Pacific Daylight Time Area codes562 657 714 949GDP 233 billion 5 Websiteocgov wbr comOrange County is included in the Los Angeles Long Beach Anaheim Metropolitan Statistical Area The county has 34 incorporated cities Older cities like Tustin Santa Ana Anaheim Orange and Fullerton have traditional downtowns dating back to the 19th century while newer commercial development or edge cities stretch along the Interstate 5 Santa Ana Freeway between Disneyland and Santa Ana and between South Coast Plaza and the Irvine Business Complex and cluster at Irvine Spectrum Although single family homes make up the dominant landscape for most of the county Northern and Central Orange County is relatively more urbanized and dense as compared to those areas south of Irvine which are less dense though still contiguous and primarily suburban rather than exurban The county is a tourist center with attractions like Disneyland Knott s Berry Farm Mission San Juan Capistrano Huntington Beach Pier Modjeska House Segerstrom Center for the Arts Yost Theater Bowers Museum Balboa Island Angel Stadium Downtown Santa Ana Crystal Cove Historic District the Honda Center the Old Orange County Courthouse the Irvine Ranch Natural Landmarks and several popular beaches along its more than 40 mi 64 km of coastline It is also home to a major research university the University of California Irvine UCI along with a number of other notable colleges and universities such as Chapman University and Cal State Fullerton Contents 1 History 1 1 Indigenous 1 2 Spanish mission period 1 3 19th century 1 3 1 County establishment 1 4 20th century 1 5 21st century 2 Geography 2 1 Regions of Orange County 2 2 Commercial districts and edge cities 2 2 1 Anaheim Santa Ana edge city 2 3 National protected areas 2 4 Climate 3 Demographics 3 1 2020 census 3 2 2018 3 3 2011 3 3 1 Places by population race and income 3 4 2010 3 5 2000 4 Economy 4 1 Business 4 2 Shopping 4 3 Tourism 4 4 Food culture 5 Arts and culture 5 1 Religion 6 Sports 7 Government 7 1 Board of Supervisors 7 2 Department of Education 7 3 Pension scandal 8 Politics 8 1 Political history 8 2 Voter registration 2020 census 8 2 1 Cities by population and voter registration 2020 census 8 3 Former congressional districts 9 Education 10 Media 11 Transportation 11 1 Major highways 11 2 Bus 11 3 Rail 11 4 Sea 11 5 Air 12 Communities 12 1 Cities 12 2 Unincorporated communities 12 3 Planned communities 13 In culture 14 See also 15 Notes 16 References 17 Further reading 18 External linksHistory EditIndigenous Edit Jose de Gracia Cruz was a Acjachemen man Indigenous to the area that is now Orange County 9 Archeological evidence shows the area to have been inhabited beginning about 9 500 years ago 10 At the time of European contact the northern area of what is now Orange County was primarily inhabited by the Tongva a part of Tovaangar while the southern area of the county below Aliso Creek was primarily inhabited by the Acjachemen 11 12 Both groups lived in villages throughout the area Large villages were sometimes multiethnic and multilingual such as Genga located in what is now Newport Beach The village was shared by the Tongva and Acjachemen 13 The village of Puhu was located in what is now Black Star Canyon and was shared by multiple groups including the Tongva Acjachemen Serrano and Payomkawichum 14 The mother village of the Acjachemen was Putiidhem and is now located in San Juan Capistrano underneath Junipero Serra Catholic High School 15 16 For the Tongva north Orange County was at the southern extent of their village sites 17 In coastal villages like Lupukngna at least 3 000 years old located in what is now Huntington Beach villagers likely used te aats or plank boats to navigate the coastline with fish and shellfish being more central to the diet 18 19 In inland villages such as Hutuknga rabbit and mule deer were more central in addition to acorns from oak trees and seeds from grasses and sage bushes common everywhere 20 Spanish mission period Edit From 1776 1833 there were 4 317 baptisms and 3 153 deaths of native people recorded at Mission San Juan Capistrano pictured in 1921 21 22 After the 1769 expedition of Gaspar de Portola a Spanish expedition led by Junipero Serra named the area Valle de Santa Ana Valley of Saint Anne 23 On November 1 1776 Mission San Juan Capistrano became the area s first permanent European settlement Among those who came with Portola were Jose Manuel Nieto and Jose Antonio Yorba Both these men were given land grants Rancho Los Nietos and Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana respectively 24 The Nieto heirs were granted land in 1834 The Nieto ranches were known as Rancho Los Alamitos Rancho Las Bolsas and Rancho Los Coyotes Yorba heirs Bernardo Yorba and Teodosio Yorba were also granted Rancho Canon de Santa Ana Santa Ana Canyon Ranch and Rancho Lomas de Santiago respectively Other ranchos in Orange County were granted by the Mexican government during the Mexican period in Alta California 24 Saint Junipero Serra y Ferrer and the early components of the Portola Expedition arrived in modern day San Diego south of the present day Orange County in mid late 1769 During these early Mission years however the early immigrants continued to rely on imports of both Mexican grown and Spanish grown wines Serra repeatedly complained of the process of repeated labored import 25 The first grape crop production was produced in 1782 at San Juan Capistrano with vines potentially brought through supply ships in 1778 25 19th century Edit Viticulture became an increasingly important crop in Los Angeles and Orange Counties through the subsequent decades By the 1850s the regions supported more than 100 vineyards 26 In 1857 Anaheim was founded by 50 German Americans with lineage extending back to Franconia in search of a suitable grape growing region 27 This group purchased a 1 165 acres 4 71 km2 parcel from Juan Pacifico Ontiveros s Rancho San Juan Cajon de Santa Ana for 2 per acre and later formed the Anaheim Vineyard Company 28 26 With surveyor George Hansen two of the wine colony s founders John Frohling and Charles Kohler planted 400 000 grapevines along the Santa Ana River by 1875 there were as many as 50 wineries in Anaheim and the city s wine production topped 1 million gallons annually 26 Despite later afflictions of both Phylloxera and Pierce s Disease wine growing is still practiced 29 A severe drought in the 1860s devastated the prevailing industry cattle ranching and much land came into the possession of Richard O Neill Sr 30 James Irvine and other land barons In 1887 silver was discovered in the Santa Ana Mountains attracting settlers via the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific Railroads High rates of Anglo migration gradually moved Mexicans into colonias or segregated ethnic enclaves 31 County establishment Edit Los Angeles County before the secession of Orange County in 1889After several failed attempts in previous sessions the California legislature passed a bill authorizing the portion of Los Angeles County south of Coyote Creek to hold a referendum on whether to remain part of Los Angeles County or to secede and form a new county to be named Orange as directed by the legislature The referendum required a 2 3 vote for secession to take place and on June 4 1889 the vote was 2 509 to 500 in favor of secession After the referendum Los Angeles County filed three lawsuits to prevent the secession but their attempts were futile On July 17 1889 a second referendum was held south of the Coyote Creek to determine if the county seat of the new county would be Anaheim or Santa Ana along with an election for every county officer Santa Ana defeated Anaheim in the referendum With the referendum having passed the County of Orange was officially incorporated on August 1 1889 32 Since the incorporation of the county the only geographical changes made to the boundary was when the County and Los Angeles County traded some parcels of land around Coyote Creek to conform to city blocks when The county is said to have been named for the citrus fruit in an attempt to promote immigration by suggesting a semi tropical paradise a place where anything could grow 33 20th century Edit Advertisement for the Valencia orange which became the major industrial crop by the 1920s Other citrus crops avocados and oil extraction were also important to the early economy Orange County benefited from the July 4 1904 completion of the Pacific Electric Railway a trolley connecting Los Angeles with Santa Ana and Newport Beach The link made Orange County an accessible weekend retreat for celebrities of early Hollywood It was deemed so significant that Pacific City changed its name to Huntington Beach in honor of Henry E Huntington president of the Pacific Electric and nephew of Collis Huntington Transportation further improved with the completion of the State Route and U S Route 101 now mostly Interstate 5 in the 1920s Orange County map 1921In the 1910s agriculture in Orange County was largely centered on grains hay and potatoes by small farmers accounting for 60 of the county s exports The Segerstroms and Irvines once produced so many lima beans that the county was called Beanville 34 By 1920 fruit and nut exports exploded which led to the increase of industrialized farming and the decline of family farms For example by 1917 William Chapman came to own 350 000 acres in northeastern Orange County from the Valencia orange 35 Around the 1910s and 1920s most of the barrios of Orange County such as in Santa Ana further developed as company towns of Mexican laborers who worked in the industrial orange groves 36 Poor working conditions resulted in the Citrus Strike of 1936 in which more than half of the orange industry s workforce largely Mexican demanded better working conditions The strike was heavily repressed with forced evictions and state sanctioned violence being used as tactics of suppression 37 Carey McWilliams referred to the suppression as the toughest violation of civil rights in the nation 31 The Los Angeles flood of 1938 devastated some areas of Orange County with most of the effects being in Santa Ana and Anaheim which were flooded with six feet of water As an eight foot high rush of water further spilled out of the Santa Ana Canyon forty three people were killed in the predominately Mexican communities of Atwood and La Jolla in Placentia 38 The devastation from this event as well as from the 1939 California tropical storm meant that Orange County was in need of new infrastructure which was supported by the New Deal This included the construction of numerous schools city halls post offices parks libraries and fire stations as well as the improvement of road infrastructure throughout Orange County 39 Mendez v Westminster 1947 overturned racial segregation in California schools The case was initiated when Sylvia Mendez pictured was turned away from enrolling at a primary school in Westminster School segregation between Mexican and white students in Orange County was widespread in the mid 1940s with 80 of Mexican students attending 14 segregated schools These schools taught Mexican children manual education or gardening bootmaking blacksmithing and carpentry for Mexican boys and sewing and homemaking for girls while white schools taught academic preparation 40 The landmark case Mendez vs Westminster 1947 desegregated Orange County schools after the Mendez family were denied enrollment into the 17th Street School in Westminster in 1944 despite their cousins with lighter skin being admitted and were instead told to enroll at the Hoover Elementary School for Mexican children 41 In the 1950s agriculture such as that involving the boysenberries made famous by Buena Park native Walter Knott began to decline However the county s prosperity soared during this time The completion of Interstate 5 in 1954 helped make Orange County a bedroom community for many who moved to Southern California to work in aerospace and manufacturing 42 Orange County received a further economic boost in 1955 with the opening of Disneyland In 1969 Yorba Linda born Orange County native Richard Nixon became the 37th President of the United States In the late 1970s Vietnamese and Latino immigrants began to populate central Orange County 43 In the 1980s Orange County had become the second most populous county in California as the population topped two million for the first time In the 1990s red foxes became common in Orange County as a non native mesopredator with increasing urban development pushing out coyote and mountain lion populations to the county s shrinking natural areas 44 45 In 1994 an investment fund meltdown led to the criminal prosecution of treasurer Robert Citron The county lost at least 1 5 billion through high risk investments in bonds The loss was blamed on derivatives by some media reports 46 On December 6 1994 the County of Orange declared Chapter 9 bankruptcy 46 from which it emerged on June 12 1996 47 The Orange County bankruptcy was at the time the largest municipal bankruptcy in U S history 46 Land use conflicts arose between established areas in the north and less developed areas in the south These conflicts were over issues such as construction of new toll roads and the repurposing of a decommissioned air base El Toro Marine Corps Air Station was designated by a voter measure in 1994 to be developed into an international airport to complement the existing John Wayne Airport But subsequent voter initiatives and court actions have caused the airport plan to be permanently shelved It has developed into the Orange County Great Park and housing 48 21st century Edit Laguna Beach in 2010 with Newport Beach in background In the 21st century the social landscape of Orange County has continued to change The opioid epidemic saw a rise in Orange County with unintentional overdoses becoming the third highest contributor of deaths by 2014 As in other areas the deaths disproportionately occurred in the homeless population However deaths were widespread among affluent and poorer areas in Orange County with the highest at risk group being Caucasian males between the ages of 45 55 A 2018 study found that supply reduction was not sufficient to preventing deaths 49 In 2008 a report issued by the Orange County Superior Court found that the county was experiencing a pet overpopulation problem with the growing number of pets leading to an increase in euthanasias at the Orange County Animal Shelter to 13 000 for the year alone 50 Following the 2016 presidential election Santa Ana become a sanctuary city for immigrants This created an intense debate in Orange County surrounding politics toward immigration with many cities opposing pro immigration policies 51 The COVID 19 pandemic in Orange County disproportionately affected lower income and Latino residents 52 Implementation of renewable energy and climate change awareness in Orange County increased with the city of Irvine pledging to be a zero carbon economy by 2030 and Buena Park Huntington Beach and Fullerton pledging to move to 100 clean energy 53 Residential solar panel installation has rapidly increased even among middle income families as a result of the state s residential solar program which began in 2006 54 In the 2010s campaigns to conserve remaining natural areas gained awareness 55 56 By the early 2020s some success was found with the conservation of 24 acres in the West Coyote Hills of a total 510 acres and the Genga Banning Ranch project moving forward conserving some 385 acres which was part of the Tongva village area of Genga 55 56 57 In 2021 the commemorative 1 5 acre Putuidem village opened after years of delays and campaigning by the Acjachemen 58 Geography EditSee also List of rivers of Orange County California The Orange County watershed Aerial view of an edge city Irvine Business Complex top John Wayne Airport runway upper center South Coast Metro buildings lower center and below the South Coast Plaza mall Three Arch Bay in Laguna Beach Southern Orange CountyAccording to the U S Census Bureau the county has a total area of 948 sq mi 2 460 km2 of which 791 sq mi 2 050 km2 is land and 157 sq mi 410 km2 16 6 is water 59 It is the smallest county by area in Southern California being just over 40 the size of the region s next smallest county Ventura The average annual temperature is about 68 F 20 C Orange County is bordered on the southwest by the Pacific Ocean on the north by Los Angeles County on the northeast by San Bernardino County on the east by Riverside County and on the southeast by San Diego County The northwestern part of the county lies on the coastal plain of the Los Angeles Basin while the southeastern end rises into the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains Most of Orange County s population reside in one of two shallow coastal valleys that lie in the basin the Santa Ana Valley and the Saddleback Valley The Santa Ana Mountains lie within the eastern boundaries of the county and of the Cleveland National Forest The high point is Santiago Peak 5 689 ft 1 734 m 60 about 20 mi 32 km east of Santa Ana Santiago Peak and nearby Modjeska Peak just 200 ft 60 m shorter form a ridge known as Saddleback visible from almost everywhere in the county The Peralta Hills extend westward from the Santa Ana Mountains through the communities of Anaheim Hills Orange and ending in Olive The Loma Ridge is another prominent feature running parallel to the Santa Ana Mountains through the central part of the county separated from the taller mountains to the east by Santiago Canyon The Santa Ana River is the county s principal watercourse flowing through the middle of the county from northeast to southwest Its major tributary to the south and east is Santiago Creek Other watercourses within the county include Aliso Creek San Juan Creek and Horsethief Creek In the North the San Gabriel River also briefly crosses into Orange County and exits into the Pacific on the Los Angeles Orange County line between the cities of Long Beach and Seal Beach Laguna Beach is home to the county s only natural lakes Laguna Lakes which are formed by water rising up against an underground fault Regions of Orange County Edit Huntington Beach and Fountain Valley from over Costa Mesa Orange County is sometimes divided into northern and southern regions There are significant political demographic economic and cultural distinctions between North and South Orange County 61 A popular dividing line between the two regions is the Costa Mesa Freeway Northern Orange County including Anaheim Fullerton Garden Grove and Santa Ana was the first part of the county to be developed and is culturally closer to neighboring Los Angeles County This region is more Hispanic mostly Mexican and Asian predominantly Vietnamese and Korean 62 more densely populated Santa Ana is the fifth most densely populated city in the United States with a population of over 200 000 younger less wealthy and with higher unemployment It has more renters and fewer homeowners and generally votes Democratic There are notable exceptions to these general trends such as strongly Republican Yorba Linda and affluent Anaheim Hills North Tustin and Villa Park 61 Northern Orange County is predominantly flat giving way to the Santa Ana Mountains in the Northeast Southern Orange County is wealthier more residential more Republican predominantly non Hispanic white and more recently developed Irvine the largest city in the region is an exception to some of these trends being not only a major employment center but also a major tech hub and education center with UCI Furthermore the city is an Asian plurality both South and East Asian and votes reliably Democratic in recent years Southern Orange County almost always includes Irvine 63 Newport Beach and the cities to their southeast including Lake Forest Laguna Beach Mission Viejo and San Clemente Alternatively Irvine and Newport Beach are sometimes seen as Central Orange County acting as a transition zone between north and south when this viewpoint is taken Tustin is also considered to be in Central Orange County Costa Mesa is sometimes included in South County 64 although it is located predominantly to the west of the Costa Mesa Freeway and is part of the even street grid network of northern Orange County 65 Irvine is located in a valley defined by the Santa Ana Mountains and the San Joaquin Hills while much of Southern Orange County is very hilly Another region of Orange County is the Orange Coast which includes the six cities bordering the Pacific Ocean These are from northwest to southeast Seal Beach Huntington Beach Newport Beach Laguna Beach Dana Point and San Clemente although Seal Beach is sometimes viewed as an extension of neighboring Long Beach in Los Angeles County Commercial districts and edge cities Edit See also Irvine Spectrum and South Coast Plaza John Wayne Airport edge city Older cities in North Orange County like Santa Ana Anaheim Orange and Fullerton have traditional downtowns dating to the late 19th century with Downtown Santa Ana being the home of the county state and federal institutions However far more commercial activity is concentrated in clusters of newer commercial development located further south in the county s edge cities The three largest edge cities from north to south are Anaheim Santa Ana running along Interstate 5 between Disneyland and Downtown Santa Ana The South Coast Metro located along Interstate 405 and including South Coast Plaza John Wayne Airport and the Irvine Business Complex and Irvine Spectrum in eastern Irvine at the interchange where I 5 and I 405 meet Anaheim Santa Ana edge city Edit Major facilities in the Anaheim Santa Ana edge city plus the locations of the adjacent downtowns MainPlace Mall A contiguous strip of commercial development an edge city stretches from Disneyland through to MainPlace Mall along the I 5 Santa Ana Freeway 66 67 68 69 70 straddling the city limits of Anaheim Garden Grove Orange and Santa Ana and in fact stretching between the original downtowns of those four cities Entertainment and cultural facilities include Disneyland Resort Angel Stadium Christ Cathedral formerly Crystal Cathedral City National Grove of Anaheim a live concert venue Discovery Cube Orange County the Honda Center home to the Anaheim Ducks of the NHL National Hockey League and the Anaheim Convention Center Health care facilities include CHOC Children s Hospital of Orange County Kaiser Permanente Health Pavilion Anaheim St Joseph Hospital Orange and the UCI Medical Center Retail complexes include Anaheim GardenWalk Anaheim Marketplace claiming to be the largest indoor swap meet in Orange County with more than 200 vendors MainPlace Mall Orange Town amp Country and The Outlets at Orange originally a mall named The City which was the centerpiece of a planned 1970s mixed use development by the same name There is commercial strip style development including big box retailers along West Chapman Avenue in Orange Marshalls Ralphs along Harbor Boulevard in Garden Grove Burlington Ross Dress for Less and around Harbor Blvd and Chapman Ave in Anaheim Target Major hotels line Harbor Boulevard from Disneyland south to Garden Grove Grand Legacy at the Park Hilton Marriott Courtyard DoubleTree Suites Hampton Inn Hilton Garden Inn Homewood Suites Embassy Suites Residence Inn Hyatt Regency Marriott Suites Sheraton and the Great Wolf Lodge The Orange County Transit Authority studied the corridor as the possible route for a streetcar a proposal that was dropped in 2018 due to opposition from Anaheim and other city governments 71 In addition to suburban style apartment complexes Anaheim s Platinum Triangle is undergoing transformation from a low density commercial and industrial zone into a more urban environment with high density housing commercial office towers and retail space Anaheim envisions it as a downtown for Orange County 72 The 820 acres 330 ha area undergoing this large scale redevelopment includes the city s two major sports venues the Honda Center and Angel Stadium of Anaheim 73 National protected areas Edit Cleveland National Forest part Seal Beach National Wildlife RefugeClimate Edit Orange CountyClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 22 20 7 24 22 7 45 27 9 24 31 10 5 34 14 1 37 16 2 38 18 5 38 17 5 37 17 4 30 13 26 24 9 49 18 6 Average max and min temperatures in C Precipitation totals in mmSource 74 Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 0 9 68 45 0 9 72 45 1 8 81 48 0 9 88 50 0 2 93 57 0 99 61 0 1 100 64 0 2 100 63 0 2 99 63 0 2 86 55 1 75 48 1 9 64 43 Average max and min temperatures in F Precipitation totals in inchesDemographics EditHistorical population CensusPop Note 189013 589 190019 69644 9 191034 43674 8 192061 37578 2 1930118 67493 4 1940130 76010 2 1950216 22465 4 1960703 925225 6 19701 420 386101 8 19801 932 70936 1 19902 410 55624 7 20002 846 28918 1 20103 010 2325 8 20203 186 9895 9 2022 est 3 151 184 1 1 U S Decennial Census 75 1790 1960 76 1900 1990 77 1990 2000 78 2010 79 2020 80 2022 81 82 2020 census Edit Orange County California Demographic Profile NH Non Hispanic Race Ethnicity Pop 2010 79 Pop 2020 80 2010 2020White alone NH 1 328 499 1 198 655 44 13 37 61 Black or African American alone NH 44 000 49 304 1 46 1 55 Native American or Alaska Native alone NH 6 216 5 298 0 21 0 17 Asian alone NH 532 477 699 124 17 69 21 94 Pacific Islander alone NH 8 357 7 714 0 28 0 24 Some Other Race alone NH 5 593 14 818 0 19 0 46 Mixed Race Multi Racial NH 72 117 125 242 2 40 3 93 Hispanic or Latino any race 1 012 973 1 086 834 33 65 34 10 Total 3 010 232 3 186 989 100 00 100 00 Note the US Census treats Hispanic Latino as an ethnic category This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category Hispanics Latinos can be of any race 2018 Edit Population race and incomeTotal population 83 3 185 968 White 83 71 5 White non Hispanic 83 40 1 Black or African American 83 2 1 American Indian or Alaska Native 83 1 0 Asian 83 21 4 Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 83 0 4 Hispanic or Latino of any race 83 34 2 Per capita income 2013 7 in 2018 dollars 83 37 603Median household income 2013 7 in 2018 dollars citation needed 81 8512011 Edit Population race and incomeTotal population 84 2 989 948 White 84 1 852 969 62 0 Black or African American 84 49 513 1 7 American Indian or Alaska Native 84 12 548 0 4 Asian 84 532 499 17 8 Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 84 9 331 0 3 Hispanic or Latino of any race 85 994 279 33 3 Per capita income 86 34 416Median household income 87 75 762Median family income 88 85 009Places by population race and income Edit Places by population and income Place Type 89 Population 90 Per capita income 86 Median household income citation needed Median family income 88 Aliso Viejo City 47 037 44 646 99 095 113 183Anaheim City 335 057 23 109 59 330 63 180Anaheim Hills City 55 036 52 195 123 260 148 360Brea City 38 837 36 195 81 278 98 159Buena Park City 80 214 23 470 64 809 68 872Costa Mesa City 109 796 33 800 65 471 74 201Coto de Caza CDP 14 974 65 625 164 385 176 686Cypress City 47 610 32 815 82 954 92 276Dana Point City 33 510 51 431 83 306 101 186Fountain Valley City 55 209 35 487 81 661 91 003Fullerton City 134 079 30 967 69 432 78 812Garden Grove City 170 148 21 066 60 036 62 820Huntington Beach City 189 744 42 127 80 901 99 038Irvine City 205 057 43 102 92 599 109 762Ladera Ranch CDP 21 412 48 671 132 475 143 857Laguna Beach City 22 808 81 591 99 190 139 833Laguna Hills City 30 477 44 751 85 971 105 385Laguna Niguel City 62 855 51 491 100 480 119 757Laguna Woods City 16 276 36 017 35 393 50 332La Habra City 60 117 24 589 63 356 69 028Lake Forest City 77 111 39 844 94 632 108 211La Palma City 15 536 34 475 84 693 92 757Las Flores CDP 5 911 46 717 128 269 135 046Los Alamitos City 11 442 38 527 79 861 90 409Midway City CDP 8 052 18 610 46 714 55 168Mission Viejo City 93 076 41 436 96 420 109 693Newport Beach City 84 417 80 872 108 946 151 773North Tustin CDP 24 572 55 038 109 629 119 543Orange City 135 582 32 797 78 654 88 423Placentia City 50 089 30 451 78 364 90 372Rancho Santa Margarita City 47 769 41 787 104 167 116 540Rossmoor CDP 10 099 51 210 108 427 119 727San Clemente City 62 052 47 894 89 289 107 524San Juan Capistrano City 34 455 39 097 73 806 86 744Santa Ana City 325 517 16 564 54 399 53 111Seal Beach City 24 157 44 115 50 958 94 035Stanton City 38 141 20 558 51 933 53 968Sunset Beach CDP 1 486 47 415 68 036 109 125Tustin City 74 625 32 854 73 231 80 963Villa Park City 5 825 71 697 151 139 165 833Westminster City 89 440 23 201 56 867 61 145Yorba Linda City 63 578 49 485 115 291 128 5282010 Edit Orange County Density Map Darker shades indicate more densely populated areas The 2010 United States Census reported that Orange County had a population of 3 010 232 The racial makeup of Orange County was 1 830 758 60 8 White 44 0 non Hispanic white 50 744 1 7 African American 18 132 0 6 Native American 537 804 17 9 Asian 9 354 0 3 Pacific Islander 435 641 14 5 from other races and 127 799 4 2 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1 012 973 persons 33 7 91 The Hispanic and Latino population is predominantly of Mexican origin this group accounts for 28 5 of the county s population followed by Salvadorans 0 8 Guatemalans 0 5 Puerto Ricans 0 4 Cubans 0 3 Colombians 0 3 and Peruvians 0 3 92 Santa Ana with its population reportedly 75 percent Hispanic Latino is among the most Hispanic Latino percentage cities in both California and the U S esp of Mexican American descent 93 Among the Asian population 6 1 are Vietnamese followed by Koreans 2 9 Chinese 2 7 Filipinos 2 4 Indians 1 4 Japanese 1 1 Cambodians 0 2 Pakistanis 0 2 Thais 0 1 Indonesians 0 1 and Laotians 0 1 92 According to KPCC in 2014 Orange County has the largest proportion of Asian Americans in Southern California where one in five residents are Asian American 94 There is also a significant Muslim population in the county 95 Population reported at 2010 United States CensusThe County TotalPopulation White AfricanAmerican NativeAmerican Asian PacificIslander otherraces two ormore races Hispanicor Latino of any race Orange County 3 010 232 1 830 758 67 708 18 132 537 804 9 354 435 641 127 799 1 012 973Incorporatedcities TotalPopulation White AfricanAmerican NativeAmerican Asian PacificIslander otherraces two ormore races Hispanicor Latino of any race Aliso Viejo 47 823 34 437 967 151 6 996 89 2 446 2 737 8 164Anaheim 336 265 177 237 9 347 2 648 49 857 1 607 80 705 14 864 177 467Brea 39 282 26 363 1 549 190 7 144 69 3 236 1 731 9 817Buena Park 80 530 36 454 3 073 862 21 488 455 14 066 4 132 31 638Costa Mesa 109 960 75 335 1 640 686 8 654 527 17 992 5 126 39 403Cypress 47 802 26 000 1 444 289 14 978 234 2 497 2 360 8 779Dana Point 33 351 28 701 294 229 1 064 37 1 952 1 074 5 662Fountain Valley 55 313 31 225 1 510 229 18 418 171 2 445 2 315 7 250Fullerton 135 161 72 845 4 138 842 30 788 321 21 439 5 788 46 501Garden Grove 170 883 68 149 3 155 983 63 451 1 110 28 916 6 119 63 079Huntington Beach 189 992 145 661 1 813 992 21 070 635 11 193 8 628 32 411Irvine 212 375 107 215 3 868 355 83 176 334 5 867 11 710 19 621La Habra 60 239 35 147 1 025 531 5 653 103 15 224 2 556 34 449La Palma 15 568 5 762 802 56 7 483 41 760 664 2 487Laguna Beach 22 723 20 645 278 61 811 15 350 663 1 650Laguna Hills 30 344 22 045 520 101 3 829 58 2 470 1 421 6 242Laguna Niguel 62 979 50 625 877 219 5 459 87 3 019 2 793 8 761Laguna Woods 16 192 14 133 110 24 1 624 10 90 201 650Lake Forest 77 264 54 341 1 695 384 10 115 191 7 267 3 671 19 024Los Alamitos 11 449 8 131 324 51 1 471 50 726 696 2 418Mission Viejo 93 305 74 493 1 710 379 8 462 153 4 332 4 276 15 877Newport Beach 85 186 74 357 616 223 5 982 114 1 401 2 493 6 174Orange 136 416 91 522 3 627 993 15 350 352 20 567 5 405 52 014Placentia 50 533 31 373 914 386 7 531 74 8 247 2 008 18 416Rancho Santa Margarita 47 853 37 421 887 182 4 350 102 2 674 2 237 8 902San Clemente 63 522 54 605 511 363 2 333 90 3 433 2 287 10 702San Juan Capistrano 34 593 26 664 293 286 975 33 5 234 1 208 13 388Santa Ana 324 528 148 838 6 356 3 260 34 138 976 120 789 11 671 253 928Seal Beach 24 168 20 154 279 65 2 309 58 453 850 2 331Stanton 38 186 16 991 3 358 405 8 831 217 9 274 1 610 19 417Tustin 75 540 39 729 2 722 442 15 299 268 14 499 3 581 30 024Villa Park 5 812 4 550 92 34 854 1 162 169 598Westminster 89 701 32 037 2 849 397 42 597 361 10 229 3 231 21 176Yorba Linda 64 234 48 246 835 230 10 030 85 2 256 2 552 9 220Census designatedplaces TotalPopulation White AfricanAmerican NativeAmerican Asian PacificIslander otherraces two ormore races Hispanicor Latino of any race Coto de Caza 14 866 13 094 132 26 878 20 174 542 1 170Ladera Ranch 22 980 17 899 335 54 2 774 27 624 1 267 2 952Las Flores 5 971 4 488 91 23 780 12 261 316 984Midway City 8 485 2 884 71 65 3 994 40 1 165 266 2 467North Tustin 24 917 20 836 148 104 1 994 52 908 875 3 260Rossmoor 10 244 8 691 84 36 838 29 168 398 1 174Otherunincorporated areas TotalPopulation White AfricanAmerican NativeAmerican Asian PacificIslander otherraces two ormore races Hispanicor Latino of any race All others not CDPs combined 32 726 20 572 4 365 290 3 934 144 6 113 1 272 13 2472000 Edit As of the census 96 of 2000 there were 2 846 289 people 935 287 households and 667 794 families living in the county making Orange County the second most populous county in California The population density was 1 392 km2 3 606 sq mi There were 969 484 housing units at an average density of 474 km2 1 228 sq mi The racial makeup of the county was 64 8 White 13 6 Asian 1 7 African American 0 7 Native American 0 3 Pacific Islander 14 8 from other races and 4 1 from two or more races 30 8 were Hispanic or Latino of any race 8 9 were of German 6 9 English and 6 0 Irish ancestry according to Census 2000 58 6 spoke only English at home 25 3 spoke Spanish 4 7 Vietnamese 1 9 Korean 1 5 Chinese Cantonese or Mandarin and 1 2 Tagalog In 1990 still according to the census 97 there were 2 410 556 people living in the county The racial makeup of the county was 78 6 White 10 3 Asian or Pacific Islander 1 8 African American 0 5 Native American and 8 8 from other races 23 4 were Hispanic or Latino of any race Out of 935 287 households 37 0 had children under the age of 18 living with them 55 9 married couples were living together 10 7 had a female householder with no husband present and 28 6 were non families 21 1 of all households were made up of individuals and 7 2 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 3 00 and the average family size was 3 48 Ethnic change has been transforming the population By 2009 nearly 45 percent of the residents spoke a language other than English at home Whites now comprise only 45 percent of the population while the numbers of Hispanics grow steadily along with Vietnamese Korean and Chinese families The percentage of foreign born residents jumped to 30 percent in 2008 from 6 percent in 1970 The mayor of Irvine Sukhee Kang was born in Korea making him the first Korean American to run a major American city We have 35 languages spoken in our city Kang observed 98 The population is diverse age wise with 27 0 under the age of 18 9 4 from 18 to 24 33 2 from 25 to 44 20 6 from 45 to 64 and 9 9 65 years of age or older The median age is 33 years For every 100 females there were 99 0 males For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 96 7 males The median income for a household in the county was 61 899 and the median income for a family was 75 700 these figures had risen to 71 601 and 81 260 respectively as of a 2007 estimate 99 Males had a median income of 45 059 versus 34 026 for females The per capita income for the county was 25 826 About 7 0 of families and 10 3 of the population were below the poverty line including 13 2 of those under age 18 and 6 2 of those age 65 or over Residents of Orange County are known as Orange Countians 100 Economy EditBusiness Edit The developing urban core in the City of Irvine Orange County is the headquarters of many Fortune 500 companies including Ingram Micro 62 101 and First American Corporation 476 102 in Santa Ana Broadcom 150 in Irvine Western Digital 198 103 in Lake Forest and Pacific Life 269 104 in Newport Beach Irvine is the home of numerous start up companies and also is the home of Fortune 1000 headquarters for Allergan Edwards Lifesciences Epicor and Sun Healthcare Group Other Fortune 1000 companies in Orange County include Beckman Coulter in Brea Quiksilver in Huntington Beach and Apria Healthcare Group in Lake Forest Irvine is also the home of notable technology companies like TV and sound bar company VIZIO router manufacturer Linksys video computer game creator Blizzard Entertainment and in flight product manufacturer Panasonic Avionics Corporation Also the prestigious Mercedes Benz Classic Center USA is located in the City of Irvine Many regional headquarters for international businesses reside in Orange County like Mazda Toshiba Toyota Samsung Kia in the City of Irvine Mitsubishi in the City of Cypress Kawasaki Motors in Foothill Ranch and Hyundai in the City of Fountain Valley Fashion is another important industry to Orange County Oakley Inc is headquartered in Lake Forest Hurley International is headquartered in Costa Mesa The network cyber security firm Milton Security Group is located in Brea 105 106 107 108 109 The shoe company Pleaser USA Inc is located in Fullerton St John is headquartered in Irvine Tustin is home to Ricoh Electronics New American Funding and Safmarine Wet Seal is headquartered in Lake Forest PacSun is headquartered in Anaheim 110 Restaurants such as Taco Bell El Pollo Loco In N Out Burger Claim Jumper Marie Callender s Wienerschnitzel have headquarters in the city of Irvine as well Del Taco is headquartered in Lake Forest Gaikai also has its headquarters in Orange County Shopping Edit Newport Center and Fashion Island Shopping in Orange County is centered around regional shopping malls big box power centers and smaller strip malls South Coast Plaza in Costa Mesa is the largest mall in California the third largest in the United States and 31st largest in the world Other regional shopping malls include from north to south Brea Mall The Village at Orange The Outlets at Orange MainPlace Santa Ana Westminster Mall Bella Terra in Huntington Beach The Market Place straddling Tustin and Irvine Irvine Spectrum Center Fashion Island in Newport Beach Five Lagunas and The Shops at Mission Viejo Downtown Disney and Anaheim GardenWalk are specialized shopping and entertainment centers aimed at visitors Power centers include La Habra Marketplace Anaheim Plaza and Anaheim Town Square There is one major outlet mall The Outlets at San Clemente 111 Tourism Edit Tourism remains a vital aspect of Orange County s economy Anaheim is the main tourist hub with the Disneyland Resort s Disneyland being the second most visited theme park in the world Also Knotts Berry Farm gets about 7 million visitors annually and is located in the city of Buena Park The Anaheim Convention Center holds many major conventions throughout the year Resorts within the Beach Cities receive visitors throughout the year due to their close proximity to the beach biking paths mountain hiking trails golf courses shopping and dining Food culture Edit As recently as the 1990s award winning restaurants in Orange County consisted mostly of national chain restaurants with traditional American or Tex Mex comfort food citation needed In the late 1990s Tim and Liza Goodell with chef Florent Marneau and David Wilhelm established culinary restaurant groups featuring nouvelle cuisine gourmet burgers and more The Orange County Register states that the tipping point came in 2007 when Marneaus founded Marche Moderne since moved to Crystal Cove and Top Chef chef Amar Santana opened a branch of Charlie Palmer closed 2015 112 both at South Coast Plaza Santana followed opening restaurants Broadway in Laguna Beach and Vaca in Costa Mesa Other Top Chef chefs followed with their own restaurants including Brian Huskey Tackle Box Shirley Chung Twenty Eight Jamie Gwen of Cutthroat Kitchen and from The Great Food Truck Race Jason Quinn Playground who also opened three stands at the 4th Street Market 113 food hall in Downtown Santa Ana in 2016 114 Food halls with gourmet vendors include the 42 000 sq ft 3 900 m2 Anaheim Packing District the 4th Street Market in Downtown Santa Ana Lot 579 in Huntington Beach Trade Food Hall in Irvine 115 OC Mix in Costa Mesa and The Source OC in Buena Park 116 In 2019 the Michelin Guide awarded stars for the first time to Orange County restaurants awarding Hana Re and Taco Maria one star each 117 In 2021 Knife Pleat in Costa Mesa was awarded one Michelin star as well 118 Arts and culture Edit 1965 aerial photo of Anaheim Disneyland Disneyland Hotel with its Monorail Station The Disneyland Heliport surrounding orange groves Santa Ana Freeway now I 5 and the Melodyland Theater in the round and part of the City of Anaheim Anaheim Stadium can be seen under construction near the upper left The area s warm Mediterranean climate and 42 mi 68 km of year round beaches attract millions of tourists annually Huntington Beach is a hot spot for sunbathing and surfing nicknamed Surf City U S A it is home to many surfing competitions The Wedge at the tip of The Balboa Peninsula in Newport Beach is one of the most famous body surfing spots in the world Southern California surf culture is prominent in Orange County s beach cities Another one of these beach cities being Laguna Beach just south of Newport Beach A few popular beaches include A Thousand Steps on 9th Street Main Street Beach and The Montage Other local beaches that are worth a visit are Tablerock Beach and West Street Beach both located in South Laguna Beach Other tourist destinations include the theme parks Disneyland and Disney California Adventure Park in Anaheim and Knott s Berry Farm in Buena Park Due to the 2022 reopening of Wild Rivers in Irvine the county is home to two water parks along with Soak City in Buena Park The Anaheim Convention Center is the largest such facility on the West Coast The Old Towne Orange Historic District in the City of Orange the traffic circle at the middle of Chapman Avenue at Glassell Street still maintains its 1950s image and appeared in the movie That Thing You Do Little Saigon is another tourist destination home to the largest concentration of Vietnamese people outside Vietnam There are also sizable Taiwanese Chinese and Korean communities particularly in western Orange County This is evident in several Asian influenced shopping centers in Asian American hubs like Irvine Popular food festival 626 Night Market has a location at OC Fair amp Event Center in Costa Mesa and is a popular attraction for Asian and fusion food as well as an Art Walk and live entertainment 119 Historical points of interest include Mission San Juan Capistrano the renowned destination of migrating swallows The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum is in Yorba Linda and the Richard Nixon Birthplace on the grounds of the Library is a National Historic Landmark John Wayne s yacht the Wild Goose or USS YMS 328 is in Newport Beach Other notable structures include the home of Madame Helena Modjeska in Modjeska Canyon on Santiago Creek Ronald Reagan Federal Building and Courthouse in Santa Ana the largest building in the county the historic Balboa Pavilion 120 in Newport Beach and the Huntington Beach Pier The county has nationally known centers of worship such as Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove the largest house of worship in California Saddleback Church in Lake Forest one of the largest churches in the United States and the Calvary Chapel Religion Edit In 2014 the county had 1 075 religious organizations the sixth highest total among all US counties matching its status as the sixth most populous county in the US 121 Orange County is the base for several religious organizations The Newport Beach California Temple one of four temples operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints in Southern California Christ Cathedral formerly Reverend Robert Schuller s Crystal Cathedral is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange located in Garden Grove University Synagogue one of the world s largest Reconstructionist Jewish synagogues located in Irvine to serve the sizable Jewish community in the area especially students at nearby University of California Irvine Beth Jacob Congregation of Irvine the largest Orthodox Jewish synagogue between Los Angeles and San Diego serving several thousand families Temple Beth El of South Orange County located in Aliso Viejo and built in 2001 to serve the fast growing Jewish community in Orange County this 65 000 sq ft 6 000 m2 synagogue can seat 1 400 congregants and is the largest by size in Orange County and is one of the largest places of worship in the state in terms of size Temple Beth El is affiliated with both the Reform and Conservative Judaism denominations 122 Temple Bat Yahm of Newport Beach is the largest Reform synagogue in Newport Beach and serves more than 500 families Chabad of Orange County serves more than 100 000 Jewish families at more than of a dozen of its synagogues and community centers located in Irvine Laguna Woods Newport Beach Aliso Viejo Mission Viejo Rancho Santa Margarita San Clemente North Irvine Laguna Niguel Yorba Linda Tustin Dana Point Huntington Beach and Laguna Beach These synagogues adhere to the Chabad Lubavitch school of Orthodox Judaism but all Jews are welcome to worship regardless of denomination or background 123 Temple Beth Emet of Anaheim is the only synagogue in Anaheim and was the first Conservative Jewish synagogue to open in Orange County back in 1955 Islamic Center of Irvine which has raised over 5 5 million for its expansion project as of October 2018 124 Islamic Institute of Orange County an Islamic Center in Orange County located in Anaheim and founded in 1991 125 The Islamic Society of Orange County in Garden Grove established in 1976 and one of the largest mosques in the United States Islamic Center of Santa Ana ICSA which opened a new 2 6 million facility in 2017 126 Orange County Islamic Foundation located in Mission Viejo 127 The Islamic Educational Center of Orange County IECOC located in Costa Mesa 128 Forty Martyrs Armenian Apostolic Church 129 located in Santa Ana is one of two Armenian Apostolic Church otherwise referred to as Armenian Orthodox Church or Gregorian Church in Orange County St Mary Armenian Church 130 located in Costa Mesa is one of two Armenian Apostolic Church otherwise referred to as Armenian Orthodox Church or Gregorian Church in Orange County Family International also known as The Children of God was founded in 1968 in Huntington Beach by David Berg Chuck Smith early leader in the Jesus People movement and founder of Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa Pao Fa Temple in Irvine is one of the largest Buddhist monasteries and temples in the United States The Purpose Driven Life author Rick Warren and his Saddleback Church the largest church in California are in Lake Forest The Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange headed by Bishop Kevin Vann There are about 1 04 million Catholics in Orange County 131 Trinity Broadcasting Network began as Channel 40 in Tustin now in Costa Mesa Monasteries of the Vedanta Society and St Michael s Abbey are located in Trabuco Canyon The Vineyard Christian Fellowship movement began in Orange County The Jain Center of Southern California in Buena Park largest center for followers of Jain faith originally started by Jains from India The Sikh Center of Orange County located in Santa Ana The Sikh Center of Buena Park Gurdwara Singh Sabha Harvest Orange County in Irvine Also holds the Harvest Crusades in Anaheim Stadium Living Stream Ministry is headquartered in Anaheim and hosts several Christian conferences a year Orange County Buddhist Center in Laguna Hills part of the Soka Gakkai InternationalSports EditMain article Sports in Orange County California Huntington Beach annually plays host to the U S Open of Surfing AVP Pro Beach Volleyball and Vans World Championship of Skateboarding 132 It was also the shooting location for Pro Beach Hockey 133 USA Water Polo Inc has moved its headquarters to Irvine California 134 Orange County s active outdoor culture is home to many surfers skateboarders mountain bikers cyclists climbers hikers kayaking sailing and sand volleyball Street banners promoting the county s two major league teams the Ducks and the Angels The Major League Baseball team in Orange County is the Los Angeles Angels The team won the World Series under manager Mike Scioscia in 2002 In 2005 new owner Arte Moreno wanted to change the name to Los Angeles Angels in order to better tap into the Los Angeles media market the second largest in the country However the standing agreement with the city of Anaheim demanded that they have Anaheim in the name so they became the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim This name change was hotly disputed by the city of Anaheim but the change stood which prompted a lawsuit by the city of Anaheim against Arte Moreno won by the latter Prior to the 2016 Moreno and the club officially dropped the Anaheim moniker now simply going by the Los Angeles Angels The county s National Hockey League team the Anaheim Ducks won the 2007 Stanley Cup beating the Ottawa Senators They also came close to winning the 2003 Stanley Cup finals after losing in Game 7 against the New Jersey Devils The Toshiba Classic the only PGA Champions Tour event in the area is held each March at The Newport Beach Country Club Past champions include Fred Couples 2010 Hale Irwin 1998 and 2002 Nick Price 2011 Bernhard Langer 2008 and Jay Haas 2007 The tournament benefits the Hoag Hospital Foundation and has raised over 16 million in its first 16 years Orange County SC is a United Soccer League team and are the only professional soccer club in Orange County The team s first season was in 2011 and it was successful as Charlie Naimo s team made it to the quarter finals of the playoffs With home games played at Championship Soccer Stadium in Orange County Great Park the team looks to grow in the Orange County community and reach continued success Former and current Orange County SC players include Richard Chaplow Bright Dike Maykel Galindo Carlos Borja and goalkeeper Amir Abedzadeh The National Football League left the county when the Los Angeles Rams relocated to St Louis in 1995 The National Basketball Association s Los Angeles Clippers played some home games at The Arrowhead Pond now known as the Honda Center from 1994 to 1999 before moving to Staples Center now Crypto com Arena which they share with the Los Angeles Lakers Government Edit Charter of the County of Orange with amendments through June 2016 Orange County is a charter county of California its seat is Santa Ana The elected offices of the county government consist of the five member Board of Supervisors Assessor Auditor Controller Clerk Recorder District Attorney Public Administrator Sheriff Coroner and Treasurer Tax Collector Except for the Board of Supervisors each of these elected officers are elected by the voters of the entire county and oversee their own County departments 135 As of January 2023 update the six countywide elected officers are 135 136 Assessor Claude Parrish Republican since January 5 2015 Auditor Controller Andrew Hamilton CPA Republican since January 2 2023 Clerk Recorder Hugh Nguyen Republican since April 3 2013 District Attorney Public Administrator Todd Spitzer Republican since January 7 2019 Sheriff Coroner Don Barnes Republican since January 7 2019 Treasurer Tax Collector Shari Freidenrich CPA Republican since January 3 2011 A seventh countywide elected officer the County Superintendent of Schools jointly with an independently elected County Board of Education oversees the independent Orange County Department of Education 137 Board of Supervisors Edit Main article Orange County Board of Supervisors Each of the five members of the Board of Supervisors is elected from a regional district and together the board oversees the activities of the county s agencies and departments and sets policy on development public improvements and county services At the beginning of each calendar year the Supervisors select a Chair and Vice Chair amongst themselves The Chair presides over board meetings and the Vice Chair presides when the Chair is not present The Board appoints the Clerk of the Board of Supervisors the County Counsel the Performance Audit Director and the Director of the Office of Independent Review The Board also appoints the County Executive Officer to act as the chief administrative officer of the county and the manager of all agencies and departments not under the sole jurisdiction of an elected county official nor the sole jurisdiction of one of the four aforementioned officers appointed by the Board 138 As of January 2023 update the members of the Orange County Board of Supervisors are 135 136 138 District 1 Andrew Do Republican since February 3 2015 District 2 Vicente Sarmiento Democrat since January 2 2023 District 3 Donald P Wagner Republican since March 27 2019 District 4 Doug Chaffee Democrat since January 7 2019 District 5 Katrina Foley Democrat since March 23 2021 Department of Education Edit The County Department of Education is wholly separate from the County government and is jointly overseen by the elected County Superintendent of Schools and the five member Orange County Board of Education whose trustees are popularly elected from five separate trustee areas 137 As of January 2023 update the six elected officials overseeing the Orange County Department of Education are 136 139 Trustee Area 1 Jorge Valdes Republican Trustee Area 2 Mari Barke Republican Trustee Area 3 Ken Williams Republican Trustee Area 4 Tim Shaw Republican Trustee Area 5 Lisa Sparks Republican Superintendent of Schools Al Mijares RepublicanPension scandal Edit On July 12 2010 it was revealed that former Sheriff Mike Carona received over 215 000 in pension checks in 2009 despite his felony conviction 140 A 2005 state law denied a public pension to public officials convicted of wrongdoing in office however that law only applied to benefits accrued after December 2005 Carona became eligible for his pension at age 50 and is also entitled by law to medical and dental benefits 141 142 It was noted that the county s retirement system faces a massive shortfall totaling 3 7 billion unfunded liabilities and Carona was one of approximately 400 retired Orange County public servants who received more than 100 000 in benefits in 2009 143 Also on the list of those receiving extra large pension checks is former treasurer tax collector Robert Citron whose investments which were made while consulting psychics and astrologers led Orange County into bankruptcy in 1994 144 Citron a Democrat funneled billions of public dollars into questionable investments and at first the returns were high and cities schools and special districts borrowed millions to join in the investments But the strategy backfired and Citron s investment pool lost 1 64 billion Nearly 200 million had to be slashed from the county budget and more than 1 000 jobs were cut The county was forced to borrow 1 billion 145 The California Foundation for Fiscal Responsibility filed a lawsuit against the pension system to get the list The agency had claimed that pensioner privacy would be compromised by the release A judge approved the release and the documents were released late June 2010 The release of the documents has reopened debate on the pension plan for retired public safety workers approved in 2001 when Carona was sheriff 146 Called 3 percent at 50 it lets deputies retire at age 50 with 3 percent of their highest year s pay for every year of service Before it was approved and applied retroactively employees received 2 percent 147 It was right after Sept 11 said Orange County Supervisor John Moorlach All of a sudden public safety people became elevated to god status The Board of Supervisors were tripping over themselves to make the motion He called it one of the biggest shifts of money from the private sector to the public sector Moorlach who was not on the board when the plan was approved led the fight to repeal the benefit A lawsuit which said the benefit should go before voters was rejected in Los Angeles County Superior Court in 2009 and is now under appeal 146 Carona opposed the lawsuit when it was filed likening its filing to a nuclear bomb for deputies citation needed Politics EditVoter registration as of July 19 2022 148 Democratic 37 4 Republican 33 3 No Party Preference NPP 23 6 American Independent 3 4 Libertarian 1 2 Green 0 3 Other Parties 0 8 During most of the 20th century and up until 2016 Orange County was known for its political conservatism and for being a bastion for the Republican Party with a 2005 academic study listing three Orange County cities as among America s 25 most conservative 149 However the county s changing demographics have coincided with a shift in political alignments making it far more competitive in recent years In 2016 Hillary Clinton became the first Democrat since 1936 to carry Orange County in a presidential election and in the 2018 midterm elections the Democratic Party gained control of every Congressional seat in the county 150 151 152 153 Although Democrats controlled all congressional districts in Orange County at the time Republicans maintained a lead in voter registration numbers although it shrunk to less than a percentage point as of February 10 2019 154 as compared with over 10 on February 10 2013 155 The number of registered Democrats surpassed the number of registered Republicans in the county in August 2019 As the number of Democrats increased the number of voters not aligned with a political party increased to comprise 27 4 of the county s voters in 2019 156 Republicans hold a 3 2 majority on the county Board of Supervisors Seven out of the 12 state legislators from Orange County are also Republicans Political history Edit From the mid 20th century until the 2010s Orange County was known as a Republican stronghold and consistently sent Republican representatives to the state and federal legislatures so strongly so that Ronald Reagan described it as the place that all the good Republicans go to die 150 Republican majorities in Orange County helped deliver California s electoral votes to Republican nominees Richard Nixon in 1960 1968 and 1972 Gerald Ford in 1976 Reagan in 1980 and 1984 and George H W Bush in 1988 It was one of five counties in the state that voted for Barry Goldwater in 1964 In 1936 Orange County gave Franklin D Roosevelt a majority of its presidential vote The Republican nominee won Orange County by double digits in the next seventeen presidential elections but with the 2008 election it began trending Democratic until Hillary Clinton won the county with an eight point majority in 2016 157 158 In 2020 Joe Biden further improved slightly on Clinton s 2016 margin of victory 159 160 The Republican margin began to narrow in the 1990s and 2000s as the state trended Democratic until the mid to late 2010s when it voted for the Democratic Party in 2016 and in 2018 when the Democratic party won every United States House District anchored in the county including four that had previously been held by Republicans 161 This prompted media outlets to declare Orange County s Republican leanings dead with the Los Angeles Times running an op ed titled An obituary to old Orange County dead at age 129 150 151 152 153 162 While Republicans were able to recapture two of the seven U S House seats in Orange County in 2020 Democrats continue to hold the other five with Biden winning the county by a slightly greater margin than Clinton and a majority of the votes in each of the seven congressional districts 160 Republicans still carry more weight at the local level and in 2020 for the State Assembly elections they won 50 2 of the vote and four out of seven seats of the county 163 In the 2022 Midterm Elections no congressional districts flipped though Republicans performed strongly in Orange County with every statewide GOP candidate carrying it United States presidential election results for Orange County California 164 Year Republican Democratic Third partyNo No No 2020 676 498 44 44 814 009 53 48 31 606 2 08 2016 507 148 42 35 609 961 50 94 80 412 6 71 2012 582 332 51 87 512 440 45 65 27 892 2 48 2008 579 064 50 19 549 558 47 63 25 065 2 17 2004 641 832 59 68 419 239 38 98 14 328 1 33 2000 541 299 55 75 391 819 40 36 37 787 3 89 1996 446 717 51 67 327 485 37 88 90 374 10 45 1992 426 613 43 87 306 930 31 56 239 006 24 58 1988 586 230 67 75 269 013 31 09 10 064 1 16 1984 635 013 74 70 206 272 24 27 8 792 1 03 1980 529 797 67 90 176 704 22 65 73 711 9 45 1976 408 632 62 16 232 246 35 33 16 555 2 52 1972 448 291 68 27 176 847 26 93 31 515 4 80 1968 314 905 63 14 148 869 29 85 34 933 7 00 1964 224 196 55 89 176 539 44 01 430 0 11 1960 174 891 60 81 112 007 38 95 701 0 24 1956 113 510 66 82 54 895 32 31 1 474 0 87 1952 80 994 70 29 33 397 28 98 844 0 73 1948 48 587 60 88 29 018 36 36 2 209 2 77 1944 38 394 56 92 28 649 42 47 407 0 60 1940 36 070 55 49 28 236 43 44 691 1 06 1936 23 494 43 31 29 836 55 00 921 1 70 1932 22 623 45 91 23 835 48 37 2 818 5 72 1928 30 572 79 35 7 611 19 75 344 0 89 1924 19 913 67 35 2 565 8 68 7 088 23 97 1920 12 797 71 52 3 502 19 57 1 594 8 91 1916 10 609 56 59 6 474 34 54 1 663 8 87 1912 123 1 08 4 406 38 58 6 892 60 34 1908 3 244 53 74 1 911 31 65 882 14 61 1904 2 665 59 54 1 034 23 10 777 17 36 1900 2 155 51 24 1 777 42 25 274 6 51 1896 1 932 51 06 1 712 45 24 140 3 70 1892 1 152 39 74 1 000 34 49 747 25 77 Gubernatorial election results 165 Orange County vote by party in gubernatorial elections Special election Year GOP DEM2022 51 5 489 554 48 5 460 6912021 48 3 547 685 51 7 586 4572018 49 9 539 951 50 1 543 0472014 55 6 344 817 44 4 275 7072010 56 8 499 878 37 4 328 6632006 69 7 507 413 25 5 185 3882003 63 5 493 850 16 8 130 8082002 57 5 368 152 34 7 222 1491998 52 1 370 736 44 7 318 1981994 67 7 516 811 27 7 211 1321990 63 7 425 025 31 3 208 8861986 71 9 468 092 26 5 172 7821982 61 4 422 878 36 7 252 5721978 44 2 272 076 48 7 299 5771974 56 9 297 870 40 6 212 6381970 66 9 308 982 31 5 145 4201966 72 2 293 413 27 9 113 2751962 59 4 169 962 39 2 112 1521958 53 6 98 729 46 3 85 3641954 69 7 63 148 30 3 27 5111950 75 4 57 348 24 6 18 711 For the 118th United States Congress in the United States House of Representatives Orange County is split between six congressional districts 166 California s 38th congressional district represented by Democrat Linda Sanchez California s 40th congressional district represented by Republican Young Kim California s 45th congressional district represented by Republican Michelle Steel California s 46th congressional district represented by Democrat Lou Correa California s 47th congressional district represented by Democrat Katie Porter and California s 49th congressional district represented by Democrat Mike Levin The 40th 45th 46th and 47th districts are all centered in Orange County The 38th has its population center in Los Angeles County while the 49th is primarily San Diego County based 132 154 188 In the California State Senate Orange County is split into 7 districts 166 the 29th Senate District represented by Democrat Josh Newman the 30th Senate District represented by Democrat Bob Archuleta the 32nd Senate District represented by Republican Kelly Seyarto the 34th Senate District represented by Democrat Tom Umberg the 36th Senate District represented by Republican Janet Nguyen the 37th Senate District represented by Democrat Dave Min and the 38th Senate District represented by Democrat Catherine Blakespear In the California State Assembly Orange County is split into 9 districts 166 the 59th Assembly District represented by Republican Phillip Chen the 64th Assembly District represented by Democrat Blanca Pacheco the 67th Assembly District represented by Democrat Sharon Quirk Silva the 68th Assembly District represented by Democrat Avelino Valencia the 70th Assembly District represented by Republican Tri Ta the 71st Assembly District represented by Republican Kate Sanchez the 72nd Assembly District represented by Republican Diane Dixon the 73rd Assembly District represented by Democrat Cottie Petrie Norris and the 74th Assembly District represented by Republican Laurie Davies According to the California Secretary of State as of February 10 2019 Orange County has 1 591 543 registered voters Of these 34 541 711 are registered Republicans and 33 3 529 651 are registered Democrats An additional 28 5 453 343 declined to state a political party 154 Orange County has produced such notable Republicans as President Richard Nixon born in Yorba Linda and lived in Fullerton and San Clemente U S Senator John F Seymour previously mayor of Anaheim and U S Senator Thomas Kuchel of Anaheim Former Congressman Christopher Cox of Newport Beach a White House counsel for President Reagan is also a former chairman of the U S Securities and Exchange Commission Orange County was also home to former Republican Congressman John G Schmitz a presidential candidate in 1972 from the ultra conservative American Independent Party John Birch Society member and the father of Mary Kay Letourneau In 1996 Curt Pringle later mayor of Anaheim became the first Republican Speaker of the California State Assembly in decades While the growth of the county s Hispanic and Asian populations in recent decades has significantly influenced Orange County s culture its conservative reputation has remained largely intact Partisan voter registration patterns of Hispanics Asians and other ethnic minorities in the county have tended to reflect the surrounding demographics with resultant Republican majorities in all but the central portion of the county When Loretta Sanchez a Blue Dog Democrat defeated veteran Republican Bob Dornan in 1996 she was continuing a trend of Democratic representation of that district that had been interrupted by Dornan s 1984 upset of former Congressman Jerry Patterson Until 1992 Sanchez herself was a moderate Republican and she is viewed as somewhat more moderate than other Democrats from Southern California In 2004 George W Bush captured 60 of the county s vote up from 56 in 2000 despite a higher Democratic popular vote statewide Although Barbara Boxer won statewide in the simultaneously held senate election and fared better in Orange County than she did in 1998 Republican Bill Jones defeated her in the county 51 to 43 While the 39 that John Kerry received is higher than the percentage Bill Clinton won in 1992 or 1996 the percentage of the vote George W Bush received in 2004 is the highest any presidential candidate has received since 1988 showing a still dominant GOP presence in the county In 2006 Senator Dianne Feinstein won 45 of the vote in the county the best showing of a Democrat in a Senate race in over four decades but Orange was nevertheless the only Coastal California county to vote for her Republican opponent Dick Mountjoy The county is featured prominently in Lisa McGirr s book Suburban Warriors The Origins of the New American Right She argues that its conservative political orientation in the 20th century owed much to its settlement by farmers from the Great Plains who reacted strongly to communist sympathies the civil rights movement and the turmoil of the 1960s in nearby Los Angeles across the Orange Curtain In the 1970s and 1980s Orange County was one of California s leading Republican voting blocs and a subculture of residents with Middle American values that emphasized capitalist religious morality clarification needed in contrast to West coast liberalism Orange County has many Republican voters from culturally conservative Asian American Middle Eastern and Latino immigrant groups The large Vietnamese American communities in Garden Grove and Westminster are predominantly Republican Vietnamese Americans registered Republicans outnumber those registered as Democrats 55 to 22 as of 2007 while as of 2017 that figure is 42 to 36 Republican Assemblyman Van Tran was the first Vietnamese American elected to a state legislature and joined with Texan Hubert Vo as the highest ranking elected Vietnamese American in the United States until the 2008 election of Joseph Cao in Louisiana s 2nd congressional district In the 2007 special election for the vacant county supervisor seat following Democrat Lou Correa s election to the state senate two Vietnamese American Republican candidates topped the list of 10 candidates separated from each other by only seven votes making the Orange County Board of Supervisors entirely Republican Correa is first of only two Democrats to have served on the Board since 1987 and only the fifth since 1963 Even with the Democratic sweep of Orange County s congressional seats in 2018 as well as a steady trend of Democratic gains in voter registration the county remains very Republican downballot In much of the county the district s congressperson is the only elected Democrat above the county level and in some cases the only elected Democrat above the municipal level Generally larger cities those with a population over 100 000 such as Anaheim Santa Ana and Irvine feature a registration advantage for Democrats while the other municipalities still have a Republican voter registration advantage This is especially true in Newport Beach Yorba Linda and Villa Park the three cities where the Republican advantage is largest As of February 10 2019 the only exceptions to the former are Huntington Beach and Orange while exceptions to the latter include Buena Park Laguna Beach and Stanton 154 Similarly despite Orange county supporting Democratic candidates for president in 2016 and 2020 there are still several smaller municipalities in the county that have continued to vote Republican for president In addition to the aforementioned Newport Beach Yorba Linda and Villa Park the cities of Huntington Beach Dana Point San Juan Capistrano and San Clemente also supported Republican nominee Donald Trump for president twice 167 Voter registration 2020 census Edit Population and registered votersTotal population 168 3 186 989 Registered voters 148 note 1 1 811 669 56 85 total Democratic 148 677 915 37 4 Republican 148 603 479 33 3 Democratic Republican spread 74 436 4 1 American Independent 148 61 539 3 4 Green 148 5 990 0 3 Libertarian 148 21 244 1 2 Peace and Freedom 148 7 479 0 4 Miscellaneous 148 6 855 0 4 No party preference 148 427 168 23 6 Cities by population and voter registration 2020 census Edit Cities by population and voter registration City Population 168 Registered voters 148 note 1 Democratic 148 Republican 148 D R spread 148 Other 148 No party preference 148 Aliso Viejo 52 176 32 135 36 9 32 5 4 4 6 1 24 4 Anaheim 346 824 168 104 44 3 27 0 17 3 5 4 23 2 Brea 47 325 29 364 34 3 37 4 2 9 5 3 23 1 Buena Park 84 034 43 670 42 7 27 3 15 4 5 3 24 8 Costa Mesa 111 918 61 574 37 4 31 9 5 5 7 0 23 6 Cypress 50 151 30 701 37 1 33 3 3 8 5 3 24 2 Dana Point 33 107 24 114 30 6 41 1 10 5 7 0 21 3 Fountain Valley 57 047 37 582 32 5 38 7 6 2 5 3 23 6 Fullerton 143 617 77 691 40 6 30 3 10 3 5 5 23 6 Garden Grove 171 949 88 852 38 3 31 3 7 0 5 3 25 0 Huntington Beach 198 711 133 245 31 4 40 1 8 7 6 6 22 0 Irvine 307 670 152 646 41 2 24 7 16 5 4 6 29 6 La Habra 63 097 33 306 42 3 30 1 12 2 5 8 21 8 La Palma 15 581 9 654 39 7 31 0 8 7 4 2 25 0 Laguna Beach 23 032 18 109 43 1 28 4 14 7 6 5 22 3 Laguna Hills 31 374 19 992 34 6 36 0 1 4 5 8 23 5 Laguna Niguel 64 355 45 080 33 6 37 4 3 8 6 4 22 6 Laguna Woods 17 644 15 174 40 5 34 8 5 7 4 5 20 2 Lake Forest 85 858 53 037 34 9 35 5 0 6 5 9 23 7 Los Alamitos 11 780 7 283 36 3 34 6 1 7 6 8 22 2 Mission Viejo 93 653 65 727 33 0 38 6 5 6 6 1 22 3 Newport Beach 85 239 60 767 25 8 46 7 20 9 5 8 21 7 Orange 139 911 78 156 36 7 35 1 1 6 5 9 22 3 Placentia 51 824 30 820 36 0 36 1 0 1 5 5 22 5 Rancho Santa Margarita 47 949 31 423 31 0 40 2 9 2 6 0 22 8 San Clemente 64 293 44 705 28 1 43 8 15 7 6 7 21 3 San Juan Capistrano 35 196 22 391 32 5 39 5 7 0 6 4 21 5 Santa Ana 310 227 127 205 52 8 18 1 34 7 5 2 23 9 Seal Beach 25 242 19 201 36 4 39 9 3 5 5 2 18 6 Stanton 37 962 17 632 44 6 26 0 18 6 5 3 24 1 Tustin 80 276 41 439 41 4 27 3 14 1 5 6 25 9 Villa Park 5 843 4 647 22 6 52 3 29 7 5 4 19 7 Westminster 90 911 51 929 33 5 35 1 1 6 5 7 25 6 Yorba Linda 68 336 48 005 25 9 47 8 21 9 5 1 21 2 Former congressional districts Edit Former Congressional Districts by YearYear Congressional District s 1885 1893 61893 1903 169 170 71903 1913 169 171 81913 1933 111933 1943 169 172 191943 1953 169 173 221953 1963 169 174 281963 1973 169 175 34 351973 1983 38 39 401983 1993 38 39 401993 2003 40 46 47 482003 2013 169 176 40 42 44 46 47 48Education EditFurther information List of school districts in Orange County California Orange County is the home of many colleges and universities including Universities Public University of California Irvine UCI California State University Fullerton CSUF Private religious Chapman University Concordia University Irvine Hope International University Trinity Law School Vanguard University Private secular Anaheim University Soka University of America Springfield College Western State University College of Law Whittier Law School Colleges Two year community colleges Coastline Community College Cypress College Fullerton College Golden West College Irvine Valley College Orange Coast College Saddleback College Santa Ana College Santiago Canyon College Four year Fashion Institute of Design amp Merchandising Laguna College of Art and Design Southern California Institute of Technology Some institutions not based in Orange County operate satellite campuses including the University of Southern California National University Pepperdine University and Springfield College The Orange County Department of Education oversees 28 school districts Media EditOrange County is served by media in Los Angeles including its TV and radio stations Two television stations KOCE TV the main PBS station in the Southland and KDOC TV an independent are located in Orange County There are a few radio stations that are actually located in Orange County KYLA 92 7 FM has a Christian format KSBR 88 5 FM airs a jazz music format branded as Jazz FM along with news programming KUCI 88 9 FM is a free form college radio station that broadcasts from UC Irvine KWIZ 96 7 FM located in Santa Ana airs a regional Mexican music format branded as La Rockola 96 7 KWVE FM 107 9 is owned by the Calvary Chapel of Costa Mesa KWVE FM is also the primary Emergency Alert System station for the county The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim also own and operate a sports only radio station from Orange KLAA KX 93 5 FM 177 broadcasts out of Laguna Beach and features an eclectic mix of mostly alternative rock County wide politics and government coverage is primarily provided by the Orange County Register and Voice of OC OC Weekly was an alternative weekly publication and Excelsior is a Spanish language newspaper A few communities are served by the Los Angeles Times publication of the Daily Pilot Orange Coast was established in 1974 and is the oldest continuously published lifestyle magazine in the region OC Music Magazine is also based out of Orange County serving local musicians and artists The Orange County Plain Dealer January 1898 to May 8 1925 was a mostly Anaheim based newspaper and successor to The Independent bought by James E Valjean a Republican and edited by him a former editor of the Portsmouth Blade Ohio 178 179 Other newspapers were Anaheim Daily Herald Anaheim Gazette Anaheim Bulletin 180 Transportation EditTransit in Orange County is offered primarily by the Orange County Transportation Authority The American Public Transportation Association APTA cited OCTA as the best large public transportation system in the United States for 2005 OCTA manages the county s bus network and funds the construction and maintenance of local streets highways and freeways regulates taxicab services maintains express toll lanes through the median of California State Route 91 and works with Southern California s Metrolink to provide commuter rail service along three lines the Orange County Line the 91 Line and the Inland Empire Orange County Line Major highways Edit State Route 1 winds down the coast over Corona Del Mar State Beach Ground transportation in Orange County relies heavily on three major interstate highways the Santa Ana Freeway I 5 the San Diego Freeway I 405 and I 5 south of Irvine and the San Gabriel River Freeway I 605 which briefly passes through northwestern Orange County The other freeways in the county are state highways and include the Riverside and Artesia Freeway SR 91 and the Garden Grove Freeway SR 22 running east west and the Orange Freeway SR 57 the Costa Mesa Freeway SR 55 the Laguna Freeway SR 133 the San Joaquin Transportation Corridor SR 73 the Eastern Transportation Corridor SR 261 SR 133 SR 241 and the Foothill Transportation Corridor SR 241 running north south Minor stub freeways include the Richard M Nixon Freeway SR 90 also known as Imperial Highway and the southern terminus of Pacific Coast Highway SR 1 There are no U S Highways in Orange County though two existed in the county until the mid 1960s 91 and 101 US 91 went through what is now the state route of the same number and US 101 was replaced by Interstate 5 SR 1 was once a bypass of US 101 Route 101A Interstate 5 Interstate 405 Interstate 605 State Route 1 State Route 22 State Route 39 State Route 55 State Route 57 State Route 72 State Route 73 State Route 74 State Route 90 State Route 91 State Route 133 State Route 142 State Route 241 State Route 261 Bus Edit Main article Orange County Transportation Authority The bus network comprises 6 542 stops on 77 lines running along most major streets and accounts for 210 000 boardings a day The fleet of 817 buses is gradually being replaced by CNG Compressed natural gas powered vehicles which already represent over 40 of the total fleet Service is operated by OCTA employees and First Transit under contract OCTA operates one bus rapid transit service Bravo on Harbor Boulevard In addition OCTA offers paratransit service for the disabled OC ACCESS also operated by MV Rail Edit Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center ARTIC Santa Ana Regional Transportation Center Since 1992 Metrolink has operated three commuter rail lines through Orange County and has also maintained Rail to Rail service with parallel Amtrak service On a typical weekday over 40 trains run along the Orange County Line the 91 Line and the Inland Empire Orange County Line Along with Metrolink riders on parallel Amtrak lines these lines generate approximately 15 000 boardings per weekday Metrolink also began offering weekend service on the Orange County Line and the Inland Empire Orange County line in the summer of 2006 As ridership has steadily increased in the region new stations have opened at Anaheim Canyon Buena Park Tustin and Laguna Niguel Mission Viejo Plans for a future station in Placentia are underway and is expected to be completed by 2020 Since 1938 the Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad and later Amtrak has operated the Pacific Surfliner regional passenger train route previously named the San Diegan until 2000 181 through Orange County The route includes stops at eight stations in Orange County including in northbound order San Clemente Pier selected trips San Juan Capistrano Laguna Niguel Mission Viejo formerly Irvine Transportation Center Santa Ana Regional Transportation Center Orange Transportation Center formerly Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center ARTIC and Fullerton Transportation Center OC Streetcar formerly known as the Santa Ana Garden Grove Fixed Guideway Project is a streetcar line connecting Downtown Santa Ana to the Depot at Santa Ana which is currently under construction and expected to open in 2023 182 OCTA has also proposed connecting the two systems via Harbor Boulevard and the West Santa Ana Branch corridor 183 184 Plans for a streetcar for Harbor Boulevard in Fullerton Anaheim and Garden Grove the Anaheim Rapid Connection were shelved in 2018 Sea Edit A car and passenger ferry service the Balboa Island Ferry comprising three ferries running every five minutes operates within Newport Harbor between Balboa Peninsula and Balboa Island in Newport Beach The Catalina Flyer connects the Balboa Peninsula to Avalon with daily round trip passage through about nine months of the year The Catalina Express connects Dana Point to Avalon with departures from two greater Long Beach ports also connecting to Two Harbors Air Edit Orange County s only major airport is John Wayne Airport its abbreviation SNA refers to Santa Ana the closest large town in the early 20th century The airport is located in unincorporated territory surrounded by Newport Beach Costa Mesa and Irvine On destination monitors with flights to SNA the airport is usually described as Orange County CA In 2014 its Thomas F Riley Terminal handled over 9 million passengers annually and as of 2019 seven airline brands provide scheduled service Communities EditCities Edit Aliso Viejo Anaheim Brea Buena Park Costa Mesa Cypress Dana Point Fountain Valley Fullerton Garden Grove Huntington Beach Irvine La Habra La Palma Laguna Beach Laguna Hills Laguna Niguel Laguna Woods Lake Forest Los Alamitos Mission Viejo Newport Beach Orange Placentia Rancho Santa Margarita San Clemente San Juan Capistrano Santa Ana county seat Seal Beach Stanton Tustin Villa Park Westminster Yorba Linda Unincorporated communities Edit These communities are outside city limits in unincorporated county territory Anaheim Island Coto de Caza note 2 El Modena Emerald Bay Ladera Ranch note 2 Las Flores Midway City Modjeska Canyon North Tustin Cowan Heights Lemon Heights Panorama Heights Olive Orange Park Acres Rancho Mission Viejo Rossmoor note 2 Santiago Canyon Silverado Trabuco Canyon Williams Canyon note 2 Planned communities Edit Orange County has a history of large planned communities Nearly 30 percent of the county was created as master planned communities citation needed the most notable being the City of Irvine Coto de Caza Anaheim Hills Tustin Ranch Tustin Legacy Ladera Ranch Talega Rancho Santa Margarita and Mission Viejo Irvine is often referred to as a model master planned city because its original seven villages College Park The Colony The Ranch Culverdale The Racket Club University Park and Turtle Rock were laid out by the Irvine Company of the mid 1960s before it was bought by a group of investors including Donald Bren In culture EditOrange County has been the setting for numerous written works and motion pictures as well as a popular location for shooting motion pictures The city of San Juan Capistrano is where writer Johnston McCulley set the first novella about Zorro The Curse of Capistrano It was published in 1919 and later renamed The Mark of Zorro Science fiction novels set in Orange County include A Scanner Darkly 1977 by Philip K Dick and the Three Californias trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson 1984 1990 Many novels by suspense thriller writer Dean Koontz are set in Orange County Koontz is a resident of Newport Beach Orange County was featured by Huell Howser in Road Trip Episode 109 185 Popular television series set in Orange County include the Fox drama The O C 2003 2007 the Fox sitcom Arrested Development 2003 2006 and the Bravo reality show The Real Housewives of Orange County 2006 present The three programs share a common focus on the extravagant lifestyles of the county s upper class See also Edit Greater Los Angeles portalList of museums in Orange County California List of people from Orange County California National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County California Orange County film Orange County Fair California Orange County School of the Arts Santiago Library SystemNotes Edit a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow a b c d For statistical purposes in 2020 Census defined by the United States Census Bureau as a census designated place CDP References Edit a b Orange County Historical Society History Articles The Birth of Orange County Orangecountyhistory org Archived from the original on April 9 2017 Retrieved November 17 2018 Board of Supervisors Orange County California Archived from the original on March 28 2019 Retrieved March 27 2019 Santiago Peak Peakbagger org Archived from the original on March 25 2015 Retrieved January 30 2015 a b Orange County California United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on September 26 2022 Retrieved January 30 2022 GDP by County U S Bureau of Economic Analysis BEA PDF www bea gov Archived PDF from the original on December 9 2020 Retrieved February 5 2021 American FactFinder United States Census Bureau Retrieved July 10 2014 dead link California Population Density County Rank USA com Archived from the original on August 14 2013 Retrieved August 14 2013 Find a County National Association of Counties Archived from the original on May 3 2015 Retrieved June 7 2011 Haas Lisbeth 1996 Conquests and historical identities in California 1769 1936 Pbk ed 1996 ed Berkeley Calif University of California Press pp 110 134 ISBN 978 0 520 91844 3 OCLC 45732484 Archived from the original on January 11 2023 Retrieved December 5 2022 Koerper Henry Mason Roger Peterson Mark 2002 Catalysts to complexity late Holocene societies of the California coast Jon Erlandson Terry L Jones Jeanne E Arnold Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA p 64 ISBN 978 1 938770 67 8 OCLC 745176510 Archived from the original on January 11 2023 Retrieved December 6 2022 Martinez Roberta H 2009 Latinos in Pasadena Charleston SC Arcadia p 10 ISBN 978 0 7385 6955 0 OCLC 402526696 On Tovaangar PRIME On Tovaangar PRIME Archived from the original on January 1 2023 Retrieved January 1 2023 Loewe Ronald 2016 Of sacred lands and strip malls the battle for Puvungna Lanham MD p 138 ISBN 978 0 7591 2162 1 OCLC 950751182 Tomczyk Weronika Acebo Nathan P July 3 2021 Enduring Dimensions of Indigenous Foodways in the Southern Alta California Mountain Hinterlands California Archaeology 13 2 171 201 doi 10 1080 1947461X 2021 1997515 ISSN 1947 461X S2CID 244551127 Archived from the original on December 6 2022 Retrieved December 11 2022 Lewinnek Elaine 2022 A people s guide to Orange County Gustavo Arellano Thuy Vo Dang Oakland California p 158 ISBN 978 0 520 97155 4 OCLC 1226813397 New Church Indian Divide Los Angeles Times November 27 2002 Archived from the original on January 25 2021 Retrieved January 12 2021 Greene Sean Curwen Thomas Mapping the Tongva villages of L A s past www latimes com Archived from the original on December 28 2020 Retrieved December 19 2022 Olson Townhomes Development Project Appendix D PDF Sagecrest Planning 11 2021 Archived PDF from the original on December 14 2022 Retrieved December 19 2022 Delineation Drilling Activities in Federal Waters Offshore Santa Barbara County Environmental Impact Statement 2001 pp 4 112 4 114 Archived from the original on December 21 2019 Retrieved June 17 2019 Koerper Henry Mason Roger Peterson Mark 2002 Catalysts to complexity late Holocene societies of the California coast Jon Erlandson Terry L Jones Jeanne E Arnold Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA Los Angeles Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA pp 64 66 79 ISBN 978 1 938770 67 8 OCLC 745176510 Archived from the original on January 11 2023 Retrieved December 6 2022 Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico Volume III N to S Frederick Webb Hodge Scituate MA Digital Scanning 2003 pp 445 446 ISBN 978 1 58218 755 6 OCLC 647873186 Archived from the original on August 23 2020 Retrieved December 19 2022 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Haas Lisbeth 1996 Conquests and historical identities in California 1769 1936 Pbk ed 1996 ed Berkeley Calif University of California Press pp 110 134 ISBN 978 0 520 91844 3 OCLC 45732484 Archived from the original on January 11 2023 Retrieved December 5 2022 Phil Brigandi March 9 2007 A brief history of Orange County PDF County of Orange Archived from the original PDF on May 28 2009 Retrieved May 28 2009 a b Spanish and Mexican Ranchos of Orange County PDF Archived from the original PDF on July 26 2011 a b Pinney Thomas January 1 1989 A History of Wine in America from the Beginnings to Prohibition From the Beginnings to Prohibition University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 06224 5 Archived from the original on March 7 2021 Retrieved February 10 2021 a b c OC Wine Country Booms Orange County Register August 2 2017 Archived from the original on February 12 2021 Retrieved February 10 2021 1857 Germans Found a City in California Anaheim History info October 5 2019 Archived from the original on February 13 2021 Retrieved February 10 2021 Holt Raymond M 1946 The Fruits of Viticulture in Orange County The Quarterly Historical Society of Southern California 28 1 7 33 doi 10 2307 41168077 ISSN 2162 9358 JSTOR 41168077 Archived from the original on February 10 2022 Retrieved February 10 2021 Wine Tasting in Orange County Enjoy OC September 25 2018 Archived from the original on November 24 2020 Retrieved February 10 2021 The Reserve at Rancho Mission Viejo A Rich History Rancho Mission Viejo Archived from the original on July 9 2015 Retrieved July 8 2015 a b Santillan Richard 2013 Mexican American baseball in Orange County Susan Luevano Molina Luis F Fernandez Angelina F Veyna Charleston South Carolina p 8 ISBN 978 0 7385 9673 0 OCLC 851387685 Archived from the original on January 11 2023 Retrieved December 5 2022 Masters Nathan August 16 2013 How Orange County Seceded from Los Angeles KCET Archived from the original on December 28 2018 Retrieved December 28 2018 Sleeper Jim How Orange County Got Its Name 1974 1 Archived November 6 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 10 2014 Parsons Dana May 14 1988 The Lima Legacy Compared to Past Plenty Today s Few Fields Yield Hardly a Hill of Beans Los Angeles Times Los Angeles Retrieved January 11 2023 Haas Lisbeth 1996 Conquests and historical identities in California 1769 1936 Pbk ed 1996 ed Berkeley Calif University of California Press p 122 ISBN 978 0 520 91844 3 OCLC 45732484 Archived from the original on January 11 2023 Retrieved December 5 2022 Haas Lisbeth 1996 Conquests and historical identities in California 1769 1936 Pbk ed 1996 ed Berkeley Calif University of California Press p 199 ISBN 978 0 520 91844 3 OCLC 45732484 Archived from the original on January 11 2023 Retrieved December 5 2022 The Citrus War of 1936 Changed Orange County Forever and Cemented Our Mistrust of Mexicans OC Weekly www ocweekly com Archived from the original on December 5 2022 Retrieved December 5 2022 The Santa Ana River How It Shaped Orange County KCET November 29 2012 Archived from the original on December 5 2022 Retrieved December 5 2022 Epting Charles 2014 The New Deal in Orange County California Charleston SC pp 9 11 ISBN 978 1 62585 036 2 OCLC 944515265 Gonzalez Gilbert G 2013 Chicano education in the era of segregation Denton Texas pp 178 179 ISBN 978 1 57441 516 2 OCLC 843881943 Archived from the original on January 11 2023 Retrieved December 5 2022 Gonzales Leticia 2023 The untold story of Sylvia Mendez school desegregation pioneer North Mankato Minnesota p 4 ISBN 978 1 6690 0504 9 OCLC 1336005572 Archived from the original on January 11 2023 Retrieved December 5 2022 Galvin Andrew March 10 2011 Santa Ana neighborhood was African American hub Orange County Register Archived from the original on September 19 2020 Retrieved March 14 2020 Do Anh May 24 2016 In Little Saigon some Latinos are learning Vietnamese to get ahead Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on January 18 2022 Retrieved February 8 2022 Vietnamese and Latinos mostly of Mexican descent began populating the starter tracts of Central Orange County in the late 1970s and early 80s the Vietnamese fleeing the Communist government after the war and Latinos looking for better economic opportunities Vietnamese at first settled largely in Westminster and Latinos in Santa Ana Cano Debra September 7 1993 FOUNTAIN VALLEY Well Fed Red Foxes Like Living at Park Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on December 20 2022 Retrieved December 20 2022 Parris Kirsten M 2016 Ecology of urban environments eBook Chichester West Sussex ISBN 978 1 119 24115 7 OCLC 953859148 a b c Orange County Goes Bust Time Magazine December 19 1994 When Government Fails The Orange County Bankruptcy A Policy Summary PDF Public Policy Institute of California Archived from the original PDF on June 17 2014 Retrieved September 29 2014 Guide to the Collection on the Development of the El Toro Airport Online Archive of California Retrieved on January 21 2010 Marshall John R Gassner Stephen F Anderson Craig L Cooper Richelle J Lotfipour Shahram Chakravarthy Bharath January 2 2019 Socioeconomic and geographical disparities in prescription and illicit opioid related overdose deaths in Orange County California from 2010 2014 Substance Abuse 40 1 80 86 doi 10 1080 08897077 2018 1442899 ISSN 0889 7077 PMID 29465301 S2CID 3389020 Archived from the original on December 6 2022 Retrieved December 6 2022 Orange County California Grand Jury 2008 Final Report Orange County Superior Court pp 190 194 Archived from the original on December 20 2022 Retrieved December 20 2022 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint date and year link Nicholls Walter J de Wilde Marieke January 1 2023 Contentious immigration politics in a multijurisdictional field A case study of Orange County California Political Geography 100 102776 doi 10 1016 j polgeo 2022 102776 ISSN 0962 6298 S2CID 253663121 Bruckner Tim A Parker Daniel M Bartell Scott M Vieira Veronica M Khan Saahir Noymer Andrew Drum Emily Albala Bruce Zahn Matthew Boden Albala Bernadette February 4 2021 Estimated seroprevalence of SARS CoV 2 antibodies among adults in Orange County California Scientific Reports 11 1 3081 Bibcode 2021NatSR 11 3081B doi 10 1038 s41598 021 82662 x ISSN 2045 2322 PMC 7862219 PMID 33542329 S2CID 222307655 Clean electricity gains momentum in Orange County despite price hikes Orange County Register February 2 2022 Archived from the original on December 6 2022 Retrieved December 6 2022 California s middle income residents outpace wealthy in rooftop solar installations in 2021 EWG 2022 Archived from the original on December 6 2022 Retrieved December 6 2022 a b Robert Anthony January 30 2022 Community celebrates purchase of 24 acres of west Coyote Hills fullertonobserver com Archived from the original on December 6 2022 Retrieved December 6 2022 a b Hicks Angelina June 14 2022 Banning Ranch is One Step Closer to Becoming Preserved Open Space Voice of OC Archived from the original on December 6 2022 Retrieved December 6 2022 Purchase of Banning Ranch for preserved natural space is fully funded Orange County Register May 26 2022 Archived from the original on December 11 2022 Retrieved December 11 2022 Putuidem Village recognizing San Juan Capistrano s first people opens after years of delay Orange County Register December 4 2021 Archived from the original on December 11 2022 Retrieved December 11 2022 2010 Census Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau August 22 2012 Archived from the original on September 25 2015 Retrieved September 28 2015 RP 1 NGS Data Sheet National Geodetic Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration United States Department of Commerce Retrieved July 16 2009 a b University of California Irvine Community and Labor Project UCLA Labor Center July 2014 Orange County on the Cusp of Change PDF Archived PDF from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved September 12 2016 Orange County 2010 Census Demographic Profiles PDF US Census Bureau Archived PDF from the original on September 24 2020 Retrieved January 23 2020 via Cal State Fullerton Vacanies Are Up in South OC Offices Los Angeles Times June 1 2001 Archived from the original on June 24 2019 Retrieved June 22 2019 South Orange County Real Estate foreclosures South Orange County MLS homes amp Condos For sale Orange Coast Real Estate Archived from the original on June 22 2019 Retrieved June 22 2019 South Orange Co definition Los Angeles Times October 18 1986 p 67 Archived from the original on September 28 2020 Retrieved March 31 2020 via newspapers com Gewerz Catherine September 30 1991 County Losing the Sub from Suburb Trend The author of a new book says several areas of O C have evolved from bedroom communities into urban centers called Edge Cities Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on June 26 2019 Retrieved June 25 2019 Strickland Daryl December 28 1998 Hubs of Commerce Point to Solid Future Urban nodes help direct growth and redefine older downtown cores Los Angeles Times Orange County edition p A1 A11 O C edition 103 113 Archived from the original on July 1 2019 Retrieved June 30 2019 Schoch Deborah December 31 1995 Nearing 2000 Orange County Faces Its Destiny as an Urban Center Los Angeles Times Orange County edition p 1 Archived from the original on July 1 2019 Retrieved June 30 2019 Eastward Ho Southern Californians Are Headed Inland to the Area Around the Ontario Airport the Newest Edge City in the Region That Invented the Concept Los Angeles Times March 15 1992 Archived from the original on July 1 2019 Retrieved June 30 2019 Garreau Joel 1991 Edge City ISBN 9780307801944 Archived from the original on August 2 2020 Retrieved June 24 2019 Final Report Central Harbor Boulevard Transit Corridor Study PDF Orange County Transportation Authority p 117 Archived PDF from the original on September 1 2021 Retrieved July 3 2019 Khouri Andrew January 15 2015 Anaheim developments revive city s vision of a new downtown for O C Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on January 15 2015 Retrieved January 15 2015 Marroquin Art October 18 2015 Platinum Triangle development taking shape near Angel Stadium Disneyland Orange County Register Archived from the original on December 10 2015 Retrieved December 14 2015 NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index NASA Archived from the original on May 10 2020 Retrieved January 30 2016 Decennial Census of Population and Housing from 1790 2000 US Census Bureau Archived from the original on July 19 2018 Retrieved January 24 2022 Historical Census Browser University of Virginia Library Archived from the original on August 11 2012 Retrieved September 28 2015 Forstall Richard L ed March 27 1995 Population of Counties by Decennial Census 1900 to 1990 United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved September 28 2015 Census 2000 PHC T 4 Ranking Tables for Counties 1990 and 2000 PDF United States Census Bureau April 2 2001 Archived PDF from the original on December 18 2014 Retrieved September 28 2015 a b P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE 2010 DEC Redistricting Data PL 94 171 Orange County California United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on February 11 2022 Retrieved February 11 2022 a b P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE 2020 DEC Redistricting Data PL 94 171 Orange County California United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on February 11 2022 Retrieved February 11 2022 Cite error The named reference Census was invoked but never defined see the help page County Population Totals and Components of Change 2020 2022 County Population Totals 2020 2022 U S Census Bureau March 30 2023 Retrieved March 30 2023 a b c d e f g h i U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2018 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Quick Facts Orange County California U S Census bureau Archived July 17 2019 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved July 16 2019 a b c d e f U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Table B02001 U S Census website Archived December 27 1996 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved October 26 2013 U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Table B03003 U S Census website Archived December 27 1996 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved October 26 2013 a b U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Table B19301 U S Census website Archived December 27 1996 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved October 21 2013 U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Table B19013 U S Census website Archived December 27 1996 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved October 21 2013 a b U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Table B19113 U S Census website Archived December 27 1996 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved October 21 2013 U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates American FactFinder Archived September 11 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved October 21 2013 U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Table B01003 U S Census website Archived December 27 1996 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved October 21 2013 2010 Census P L 94 171 Summary File Data United States Census Bureau a b U S Census website U S Census Bureau 2010 Archived from the original on December 27 1996 Retrieved September 14 2012 ENG LILY SCHWARTZ BOB February 26 1991 City s Latinos on the Grow Majority Santa Ana s Hispanics make up 65 of the population and have recorded solid gains but some still say they are ignored by City Hall Articles latimes com Archived from the original on October 17 2018 Retrieved April 16 2020 Josie Huang July 8 2014 Report As Asian American population grows in Orange County so do needs KPCC Archived from the original on April 26 2015 Retrieved December 11 2014 Michelle Woo May 15 2013 Nahda Designs Haute Hijab ocweekly com Archived from the original on September 13 2014 U S Census website United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on December 27 1996 Retrieved May 14 2011 U S Census website United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on December 27 1996 Retrieved January 31 2008 Adam Nagourney Orange County Is No Longer Nixon Country 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2017 a b About the Board Orange County Department of Education a, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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