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Population density

January 13, 2023

Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.[1] In simple terms, population density refers to the number of people living in an area per square kilometre, or other unit of land area.

Population density (people per km2) by country or U.S. state in 2019
Population density (people per km2) map of the world in 1994. In relation to the equator it is seen that the vast majority of human population lives in the Northern Hemisphere, as 67% of Earth's land area is there.

Biological population densities

Population density is population divided by total land area, sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate.[1]

Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are [2]

  • Increased problems with locating sexual mates
  • Increased inbreeding

Human densities

 
Population density (people per km2) by country, 2006
 
Population density (people per km2) map of the world in 2005
Main article: List of countries and dependencies by population density

Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this is calculated for a county, city, country, another territory or the entire world.

The world's population is around 8,000,000,000[3] and the Earth's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km2 (197,000,000 sq. mi.).[4] Therefore, from this very crude type of calculation, the worldwide human population density is approximately 7,800,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 15.3/km2 (40 per sq. mi.). However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km2 (58,000,000 sq. mi.) is taken into account, then human population density is 50/km2 (129 per sq. mi.). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. But if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 55 persons/km2 (over 142 per sq. mi.).[1]

 
World environments map provided for comparison with maps above

Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates and urban dependencies.[5][6] In fact, 95% of the world's population is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land.[7] These territories have a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation.

Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them. Thus, their population density is generally low. However, some cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai, have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace.[8]

 
Mongolian Steppes. Mongolia is the least densely populated country in the world due to its harsh climate as a result of its geography.[9]

Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources.[10] Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia); Africa's Lagos, Kinshasa, and Cairo; South America's Bogotá, Lima, and São Paulo; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category.[11]

 
Monaco is currently the most densely populated nation in Europe.

City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on the definition of "urban area" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included, as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area (the latter sometimes including neighboring cities).

In comparison, based on a world population of 7.8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m2 (10 sq. ft) per person (cf. Jacobs Method), would occupy a space a little larger than Delaware's land area.[citation needed]

Countries and dependent territories

Main article: List of countries and dependencies by population density
Population under 10,000,000
Rank Country or
dependent territory 		Area Population Density
km2 sq. mi. per km2 per sq.
mi.
1   Macau (China) 30.5 12 650,834 21,339 55,268
2   Monaco 2.02 0.78 37,550 18,589 48,145
3   Singapore 719.9 278 5,612,300 7,796 20,192
4   Hong Kong (China) 1,106.3 427 7,409,800 6,698 17,348
5   Gibraltar (UK)[12] 6.8 2.6 33,140 4,874 12,624
6   Bahrain 757 292 1,451,200 1,917 4,965
7    Vatican City 0.44 0.17 800 1,818 4,709
8   Malta 315 122 475,701 1,510 3,911
9   Maldives 298 115 378,114 1,269 3,287
10   Bermuda (UK) 52 20 63,779 1,227 3,178
Population above 10,000,000
Rank
[clarification needed]		 Country Area Population Density
km2 sq. mi. per km2 per sq.
mi.
6   Bangladesh 143,998 55,598 170,329,768 1,183 3,064
10   Taiwan 36,193 13,974 23,539,588 650 1,683
13   South Korea 100,210 38,691 51,824,142 517 1,339
14   Rwanda 26,338 10,169 12,955,768 492 1,274
16   Burundi 27,816 10,740 12,574,571 452 1,171
17   Haiti 27,065 10,450 11,743,017 434 1,124
18   Netherlands 41,526 16,033 17,572,831 423 1,096
19   India 3,287,240 1,269,210 1,374,547,140 418 1,083
22   Belgium 30,528 11,787 11,554,449 378 979
23   Philippines 300,000 115,831 109,961,895 367 951

Other methods of measurement

 
This population cartogram of the European Union (2007–2012) uses areas and colors to represent population.
 
Living population density by country

Although the arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide alternative measures of population density over a specific area.

  • Arithmetic density: The total number of people / area of land
  • Physiological density: The total population / area of arable land
  • Agricultural density: The total rural population / area of arable land
  • Residential density: The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land
  • Urban density: The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land
  • Ecological optimum: The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources
  • Living density: Population density at which the average person lives[13]

See also

Lists of entities by population density

References

  1. ^ a b c Matt Rosenberg Population Density. Geography.about.com. March 2, 2011. Retrieved on December 10, 2011.
  2. ^ Minimum viable population size. October 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Eoearth.org (March 6, 2010). Retrieved on December 10, 2011.
  3. ^ U.S. & World Population Clocks. Census.gov. Retrieved on November 19, 2022.
  4. ^ World. CIA World Factbook
  5. ^ Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009). "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (PDF). 2008 revision. United Nations. Retrieved March 12, 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ The Monaco government uses a smaller surface area figure resulting in a population density of 18,078 per km2
  7. ^ "Urbanization: 95% Of The World's Population Lives On 10% Of The Land". ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  8. ^ Portnov, B. A.; Hare, A. Paul (1999). Desert regions : population, migration, and environment. Springer. ISBN 3540657800. OCLC 41320143.
  9. ^ "Why Mongolia is sparsely populated?". Esther Fleming. SidmartinBio.
  10. ^ Human Population. Global Issues. Retrieved on December 10, 2011.
  11. ^ The largest cities in the world by land area, population and density May 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Citymayors.com. Retrieved on December 10, 2011.
  12. ^ Territory claimed by Spain.
  13. ^ Analysis of living population density per countries, based on NASA SEDAC world gridded data.

External links

  • Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Density
  • Duncan Smith / UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis. "World Population Density". exploratory map shows data from the [...] Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) produced by the European Commission JRC and the CIESIN Columbia University

January 13, 2023
population, density, agriculture, standing, stock, plant, density, measurement, population, unit, land, area, mostly, applied, humans, sometimes, other, living, organisms, geographical, term, simple, terms, population, density, refers, number, people, living, . Population density in agriculture standing stock or plant density is a measurement of population per unit land area It is mostly applied to humans but sometimes to other living organisms too It is a key geographical term 1 In simple terms population density refers to the number of people living in an area per square kilometre or other unit of land area Population density people per km2 by country or U S state in 2019 Population density people per km2 map of the world in 1994 In relation to the equator it is seen that the vast majority of human population lives in the Northern Hemisphere as 67 of Earth s land area is there Contents 1 Biological population densities 1 1 Human densities 1 2 Countries and dependent territories 1 3 Other methods of measurement 2 See also 2 1 Lists of entities by population density 3 References 4 External linksBiological population densities EditPopulation density is population divided by total land area sometimes including seas and oceans as appropriate 1 Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are 2 Increased problems with locating sexual mates Increased inbreedingHuman densities Population density people per km2 by country 2006 Population density people per km2 map of the world in 2005 Main article List of countries and dependencies by population density Population density is the number of people per unit of area usually transcribed as per square kilometer or square mile and which may include or exclude for example areas of water or glaciers Commonly this is calculated for a county city country another territory or the entire world The world s population is around 8 000 000 000 3 and the Earth s total area including land and water is 510 000 000 km2 197 000 000 sq mi 4 Therefore from this very crude type of calculation the worldwide human population density is approximately 7 800 000 000 510 000 000 15 3 km2 40 per sq mi However if only the Earth s land area of 150 000 000 km2 58 000 000 sq mi is taken into account then human population density is 50 km2 129 per sq mi This includes all continental and island land area including Antarctica But if Antarctica is excluded then population density rises to over 55 persons km2 over 142 per sq mi 1 World environments map provided for comparison with maps above Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city states microstates and urban dependencies 5 6 In fact 95 of the world s population is concentrated on just 10 of the world s land 7 These territories have a relatively small area and a high urbanization level with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside the area illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them Thus their population density is generally low However some cities in the Middle East such as Dubai have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace 8 Mongolian Steppes Mongolia is the least densely populated country in the world due to its harsh climate as a result of its geography 9 Cities with high population densities are by some considered to be overpopulated though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources 10 Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia particularly Southeast Asia Africa s Lagos Kinshasa and Cairo South America s Bogota Lima and Sao Paulo and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category 11 Monaco is currently the most densely populated nation in Europe City population and especially area are however heavily dependent on the definition of urban area used densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area the latter sometimes including neighboring cities In comparison based on a world population of 7 8 billion the world s inhabitants if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m2 10 sq ft per person cf Jacobs Method would occupy a space a little larger than Delaware s land area citation needed Countries and dependent territories Edit Main article List of countries and dependencies by population density Population under 10 000 000 Rank Country ordependent territory Area Population Densitykm2 sq mi per km2 per sq mi 1 Macau China 30 5 12 650 834 21 339 55 2682 Monaco 2 02 0 78 37 550 18 589 48 1453 Singapore 719 9 278 5 612 300 7 796 20 1924 Hong Kong China 1 106 3 427 7 409 800 6 698 17 3485 Gibraltar UK 12 6 8 2 6 33 140 4 874 12 6246 Bahrain 757 292 1 451 200 1 917 4 9657 Vatican City 0 44 0 17 800 1 818 4 7098 Malta 315 122 475 701 1 510 3 9119 Maldives 298 115 378 114 1 269 3 28710 Bermuda UK 52 20 63 779 1 227 3 178Population above 10 000 000 Rank clarification needed Country Area Population Densitykm2 sq mi per km2 per sq mi 6 Bangladesh 143 998 55 598 170 329 768 1 183 3 06410 Taiwan 36 193 13 974 23 539 588 650 1 68313 South Korea 100 210 38 691 51 824 142 517 1 33914 Rwanda 26 338 10 169 12 955 768 492 1 27416 Burundi 27 816 10 740 12 574 571 452 1 17117 Haiti 27 065 10 450 11 743 017 434 1 12418 Netherlands 41 526 16 033 17 572 831 423 1 09619 India 3 287 240 1 269 210 1 374 547 140 418 1 08322 Belgium 30 528 11 787 11 554 449 378 97923 Philippines 300 000 115 831 109 961 895 367 951Other methods of measurement Edit This population cartogram of the European Union 2007 2012 uses areas and colors to represent population Living population density by countryAlthough the arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density several other methods have been developed to provide alternative measures of population density over a specific area Arithmetic density The total number of people area of land Physiological density The total population area of arable land Agricultural density The total rural population area of arable land Residential density The number of people living in an urban area area of residential land Urban density The number of people inhabiting an urban area total area of urban land Ecological optimum The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources Living density Population density at which the average person lives 13 See also EditDistance sampling Demography Human geography Idealised population List of population concern organizations Plant density Population dynamics Population decline Population growth Population genetics Population health Population momentum Population pyramid Rural transport problem Small population sizeLists of entities by population density Edit List of Australian suburbs by population density List of countries by population density List of cities by population density List of city districts by population density List of English districts by population density List of European Union cities proper by population density List of islands by population density List of states and territories of the United States by population densityReferences Edit a b c Matt Rosenberg Population Density Geography about com March 2 2011 Retrieved on December 10 2011 Minimum viable population size Archived October 6 2012 at the Wayback Machine Eoearth org March 6 2010 Retrieved on December 10 2011 U S amp World Population Clocks Census gov Retrieved on November 19 2022 World CIA World Factbook Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2009 World Population Prospects Table A 1 PDF 2008 revision United Nations Retrieved March 12 2009 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help The Monaco government uses a smaller surface area figure resulting in a population density of 18 078 per km2 Urbanization 95 Of The World s Population Lives On 10 Of The Land ScienceDaily Retrieved September 1 2020 Portnov B A Hare A Paul 1999 Desert regions population migration and environment Springer ISBN 3540657800 OCLC 41320143 Why Mongolia is sparsely populated Esther Fleming SidmartinBio Human Population Global Issues Retrieved on December 10 2011 The largest cities in the world by land area population and density Archived May 16 2015 at the Wayback Machine Citymayors com Retrieved on December 10 2011 Territory claimed by Spain Analysis of living population density per countries based on NASA SEDAC world gridded data External links EditSelected Current and Historic City Ward amp Neighborhood Density Duncan Smith UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis World Population Density exploratory map shows data from the Global Human Settlement Layer GHSL produced by the European Commission JRC and the CIESIN Columbia University Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Population density amp oldid 1125592273, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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