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1990 United States census

January 13, 2023

The United States census of 1990, conducted by the Census Bureau, was the first census to be directed by a woman, Barbara Everitt Bryant. It determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9.8 percent over the 226,545,805 persons enumerated during the 1980 census.[1]

Twenty-first census of the United States
← 1980 April 1, 1990 2000 →
U.S. Census Bureau and the cats seal
General information
CountryUnited States
Results
Total population248,709,873 ( 9.8%)
Most populous ​stateCalifornia
29,760,021
Least populous ​stateWyoming
453,588

Approximately 16 percent of households received a "long form" of the 1990 census, which contained more than 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1990 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series.

It was the first census to designate "Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander" as a racial group separate from Asians.

To increase black participation in the 1990 United States census, the bureau recruited Bill Cosby, Magic Johnson, Alfre Woodard, and Miss America Debbye Turner as spokespeople.[2] The Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. Personally identifiable information will be available in 2062.[3]

This was the first census since 1880 in which Chicago was not the second-largest city, having been overtaken by Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, Los Angeles has remained the nation's second-largest city.

State rankings

 
A map showing the population change of each US State by percentage.
Population and population change in the United States by state
Rank State Population as of
1980 census 		Population as of
1990 census 		Change Percent
change
1   California 23,667,902 29,760,021   6,092,119   25.7%
2   New York 17,558,072 17,990,455   432,383   2.5%
3   Texas 14,229,191 16,986,510   2,757,319   19.4%
4   Florida 9,746,324 12,937,926   3,191,602   32.7%
5   Pennsylvania 11,863,895 11,881,643   17,748   0.2%
6   Illinois 11,426,518 11,430,602   4,084   0.0%
7   Ohio 10,797,630 10,847,115   49,485   0.4%
8   Michigan 9,262,078 9,295,297   33,219   0.4%
9   New Jersey 7,364,823 7,730,188   365,365   5.0%
10   North Carolina 5,881,766 6,628,637   746,871   12.7%
11   Georgia 5,463,105 6,478,216   1,015,111   18.6%
12   Virginia 5,346,818 6,187,358   840,540   15.7%
13   Massachusetts 5,737,037 6,016,425   279,388   4.9%
14   Indiana 5,490,224 5,544,159   53,935   1.0%
15   Missouri 4,916,686 5,117,073   200,387   4.1%
16   Wisconsin 4,705,767 4,891,769   186,002   3.9%
17   Tennessee 4,591,120 4,877,185   286,065   6.2%
18   Washington 4,132,156 4,866,692   734,536   17.8%
19   Maryland 4,216,975 4,781,468   564,493   13.4%
20   Minnesota 4,075,970 4,375,099   299,129   7.3%
21   Louisiana 4,205,900 4,219,973   14,073   0.3%
22   Alabama 3,893,888 4,040,587   146,699   3.8%
23   Kentucky 3,660,777 3,685,296   24,519   0.7%
24   Arizona 2,718,215 3,665,228   947,013   34.8%
25   South Carolina 3,121,820 3,486,703   364,883   11.7%
26   Colorado 2,889,964 3,294,394   404,430   14.0%
27   Connecticut 3,107,576 3,287,116   179,540   5.8%
28   Oklahoma 3,025,290 3,145,585   120,295   4.0%
29   Oregon 2,633,105 2,842,321   209,216   7.9%
30   Iowa 2,913,808 2,776,755   –137,053   –4.7%
31   Mississippi 2,520,638 2,573,216   52,578   2.1%
32   Kansas 2,363,679 2,477,574   113,895   4.8%
33   Arkansas 2,286,435 2,350,725   64,290   2.8%
34   West Virginia 1,949,644 1,793,477   –156,167   –8.0%
35   Utah 1,461,037 1,722,850   261,813   17.9%
36   Nebraska 1,569,825 1,578,385   8,560   0.5%
37   New Mexico 1,302,894 1,515,069   212,175   16.3%
38   Maine 1,124,660 1,227,928   103,268   9.2%
39   Nevada 800,493 1,201,833   401,340   50.1%
40   New Hampshire 920,610 1,109,252   188,642   20.5%
41   Hawaii 964,691 1,108,229   143,538   14.8%
42   Idaho 943,935 1,006,749   62,814   6.7%
43   Rhode Island 947,154 1,003,464   56,310   5.9%
44   Montana 786,690 799,065   12,375   1.6%
45   South Dakota 690,768 696,004   5,236   0.8%
46   Delaware 594,338 666,168   71,830   12.1%
47   North Dakota 652,717 638,800   –13,917   –2.1%
—   District of Columbia 638,333 606,900   –31,433   –4.9%
48   Vermont 511,456 562,758   51,302   10.0%
49   Alaska 401,851 550,043   148,192   36.8%
50   Wyoming 469,557 453,588   –15,969   –3.4%
    United States 226,545,805 248,709,873 22,164,068 9.8%

Reapportionment

The results of the 1990 census determined the number of seats that each state receives in the United States House of Representatives starting with the 1992 elections. Consequently, this affected the number of votes each state has in the Electoral College for the 1992 presidential election.

Because of population changes, twenty-one states had changes in their number of seats. Eight states gained at least one seat, and thirteen states lost at least one seat. The final result involved 19 seats being switched.[4]

Gained seven seats Gained four seats Gained three seats Gained one seat Lost one seat Lost two seats Lost three seats
California Florida Texas Arizona
Georgia
North Carolina
Virginia
Washington 		Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Massachusetts
Montana
New Jersey
West Virginia 		Illinois
Michigan
Ohio
Pennsylvania 		New York

City rankings

Rank City State Population[5] Region (2016)[6]
01 New York New York 7,322,564 Northeast
02 Los Angeles California 3,485,398 West
03 Chicago Illinois 2,783,726 Midwest
04 Houston Texas 1,630,553 South
05 Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1,585,577 Northeast
06 San Diego California 1,110,549 West
07 Detroit Michigan 1,027,974 Midwest
08 Dallas Texas 1,006,877 South
09 Phoenix Arizona 983,403 West
10 San Antonio Texas 935,933 South
11 San Jose California 782,248 West
12 Baltimore Maryland 736,014 South
13 Indianapolis Indiana 731,327 Midwest
14 San Francisco California 723,959 West
15 Jacksonville Florida 635,230 South
16 Columbus Ohio 632,910 Midwest
17 Milwaukee Wisconsin 628,088 Midwest
18 Memphis Tennessee 610,337 South
19 Washington District of Columbia 606,900 South
20 Boston Massachusetts 574,283 Northeast
21 Seattle Washington 516,259 West
22 El Paso Texas 515,342 South
23 Cleveland Ohio 505,616 Midwest
24 New Orleans Louisiana 496,938 South
25 Nashville-Davidson Tennessee 488,374 South
26 Denver Colorado 467,610 West
27 Austin Texas 465,622 South
28 Fort Worth Texas 447,619 South
29 Oklahoma City Oklahoma 444,719 South
30 Portland Oregon 437,319 West
31 Kansas City Missouri 435,146 Midwest
32 Long Beach California 429,433 West
33 Tucson Arizona 405,390 West
34 St. Louis Missouri 396,685 Midwest
35 Charlotte North Carolina 395,934 South
36 Atlanta Georgia 394,017 South
37 Virginia Beach Virginia 393,069 South
38 Albuquerque New Mexico 384,736 West
39 Oakland California 372,242 West
40 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 369,879 Northeast
41 Sacramento California 369,365 West
42 Minneapolis Minnesota 368,383 Midwest
43 Tulsa Oklahoma 367,302 South
44 Honolulu Hawaii 365,272 West
45 Cincinnati Ohio 364,040 Midwest
46 Miami Florida 358,548 South
47 Fresno California 354,202 West
48 Omaha Nebraska 335,795 Midwest
49 Toledo Ohio 332,943 Midwest
50 Buffalo New York 328,123 Northeast
51 Wichita Kansas 304,011 Midwest
52 Santa Ana California 293,742 West
53 Mesa Arizona 288,091 West
54 Colorado Springs Colorado 281,140 West
55 Tampa Florida 280,015 South
56 Newark New Jersey 275,221 Northeast
57 Saint Paul Minnesota 272,235 Midwest
58 Louisville Kentucky 269,063 South
59 Anaheim California 266,406 West
60 Birmingham Alabama 265,968 South
61 Arlington Texas 261,721 South
62 Norfolk Virginia 261,229 South
63 Las Vegas Nevada 258,295 West
64 Corpus Christi Texas 257,453 South
65 St. Petersburg Florida 238,629 South
66 Rochester New York 231,636 Northeast
67 Jersey City New Jersey 228,537 Northeast
68 Riverside California 226,505 West
69 Anchorage Alaska 226,338 West
70 Lexington-Fayette Kentucky 225,366 South
71 Akron Ohio 223,019 Midwest
72 Aurora Colorado 222,103 West
73 Baton Rouge Louisiana 219,531 South
74 Stockton California 210,943 West
75 Raleigh North Carolina 207,951 South
76 Richmond Virginia 203,056 South
77 Shreveport Louisiana 198,525 South
78 Jackson Mississippi 196,637 South
79 Mobile Alabama 196,278 South
80 Des Moines Iowa 193,187 Midwest
81 Lincoln Nebraska 191,972 Midwest
82 Madison Wisconsin 191,262 Midwest
83 Grand Rapids Michigan 189,126 Midwest
84 Yonkers New York 188,082 Northeast
85 Hialeah Florida 188,004 South
86 Montgomery Alabama 187,106 South
87 Lubbock Texas 186,206 South
88 Greensboro North Carolina 183,521 South
89 Dayton Ohio 182,044 Midwest
90 Huntington Beach California 181,519 West
91 Garland Texas 180,650 South
92 Glendale California 180,038 West
93 Columbus Georgia 178,681 South
94 Spokane Washington 177,196 West
95 Tacoma Washington 176,664 West
96 Little Rock Arkansas 175,795 South
97 Bakersfield California 174,820 West
98 Fremont California 173,339 West
99 Fort Wayne Indiana 173,072 Midwest
100 Arlington Virginia 170,936 South

References

  1. ^ "Population and Area (Historical Censuses)" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved June 20, 2008.
  2. ^ Brown, Frank Dexter (February 1990). "The 1990 Census: Will Blacks Be Counted Out?". Black Enterprise. Earl G. Graves, Ltd. 20 (7): 195. ISSN 0006-4165. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  3. ^ "The "72-Year Rule" – History". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
  4. ^ "1990 Apportionment Results". US Census Bureau. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
  5. ^ Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
  6. ^ . U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1990 United States Census.
  • U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census page
  • Historic US Census data
  • Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1990 Contains 1990 census results
  • Booknotes interview with Sam Roberts on Who We Are: A Portrait of America, June 19, 1994.
  • 1991 U.S Census Report (contains 1990 census results)

January 13, 2023
1990, united, states, census, united, states, census, 1990, conducted, census, bureau, first, census, directed, woman, barbara, everitt, bryant, determined, resident, population, united, states, increase, percent, over, persons, enumerated, during, 1980, censu. The United States census of 1990 conducted by the Census Bureau was the first census to be directed by a woman Barbara Everitt Bryant It determined the resident population of the United States to be 248 709 873 an increase of 9 8 percent over the 226 545 805 persons enumerated during the 1980 census 1 Twenty first census of the United States 1980 April 1 1990 2000 U S Census Bureau and the cats sealGeneral informationCountryUnited StatesResultsTotal population248 709 873 9 8 Most populous wbr stateCalifornia29 760 021Least populous wbr stateWyoming453 588Approximately 16 percent of households received a long form of the 1990 census which contained more than 100 questions Full documentation on the 1990 census including census forms and a procedural history is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series It was the first census to designate Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander as a racial group separate from Asians To increase black participation in the 1990 United States census the bureau recruited Bill Cosby Magic Johnson Alfre Woodard and Miss America Debbye Turner as spokespeople 2 The Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Aggregate data for small areas together with electronic boundary files can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System Personally identifiable information will be available in 2062 3 This was the first census since 1880 in which Chicago was not the second largest city having been overtaken by Los Angeles As of the 2020 census Los Angeles has remained the nation s second largest city Contents 1 State rankings 2 Reapportionment 3 City rankings 4 References 5 External linksState rankings Edit A map showing the population change of each US State by percentage Population and population change in the United States by state Rank State Population as of1980 census Population as of1990 census Change Percentchange1 California 23 667 902 29 760 021 6 092 119 25 7 2 New York 17 558 072 17 990 455 432 383 2 5 3 Texas 14 229 191 16 986 510 2 757 319 19 4 4 Florida 9 746 324 12 937 926 3 191 602 32 7 5 Pennsylvania 11 863 895 11 881 643 17 748 0 2 6 Illinois 11 426 518 11 430 602 4 084 0 0 7 Ohio 10 797 630 10 847 115 49 485 0 4 8 Michigan 9 262 078 9 295 297 33 219 0 4 9 New Jersey 7 364 823 7 730 188 365 365 5 0 10 North Carolina 5 881 766 6 628 637 746 871 12 7 11 Georgia 5 463 105 6 478 216 1 015 111 18 6 12 Virginia 5 346 818 6 187 358 840 540 15 7 13 Massachusetts 5 737 037 6 016 425 279 388 4 9 14 Indiana 5 490 224 5 544 159 53 935 1 0 15 Missouri 4 916 686 5 117 073 200 387 4 1 16 Wisconsin 4 705 767 4 891 769 186 002 3 9 17 Tennessee 4 591 120 4 877 185 286 065 6 2 18 Washington 4 132 156 4 866 692 734 536 17 8 19 Maryland 4 216 975 4 781 468 564 493 13 4 20 Minnesota 4 075 970 4 375 099 299 129 7 3 21 Louisiana 4 205 900 4 219 973 14 073 0 3 22 Alabama 3 893 888 4 040 587 146 699 3 8 23 Kentucky 3 660 777 3 685 296 24 519 0 7 24 Arizona 2 718 215 3 665 228 947 013 34 8 25 South Carolina 3 121 820 3 486 703 364 883 11 7 26 Colorado 2 889 964 3 294 394 404 430 14 0 27 Connecticut 3 107 576 3 287 116 179 540 5 8 28 Oklahoma 3 025 290 3 145 585 120 295 4 0 29 Oregon 2 633 105 2 842 321 209 216 7 9 30 Iowa 2 913 808 2 776 755 137 053 4 7 31 Mississippi 2 520 638 2 573 216 52 578 2 1 32 Kansas 2 363 679 2 477 574 113 895 4 8 33 Arkansas 2 286 435 2 350 725 64 290 2 8 34 West Virginia 1 949 644 1 793 477 156 167 8 0 35 Utah 1 461 037 1 722 850 261 813 17 9 36 Nebraska 1 569 825 1 578 385 8 560 0 5 37 New Mexico 1 302 894 1 515 069 212 175 16 3 38 Maine 1 124 660 1 227 928 103 268 9 2 39 Nevada 800 493 1 201 833 401 340 50 1 40 New Hampshire 920 610 1 109 252 188 642 20 5 41 Hawaii 964 691 1 108 229 143 538 14 8 42 Idaho 943 935 1 006 749 62 814 6 7 43 Rhode Island 947 154 1 003 464 56 310 5 9 44 Montana 786 690 799 065 12 375 1 6 45 South Dakota 690 768 696 004 5 236 0 8 46 Delaware 594 338 666 168 71 830 12 1 47 North Dakota 652 717 638 800 13 917 2 1 District of Columbia 638 333 606 900 31 433 4 9 48 Vermont 511 456 562 758 51 302 10 0 49 Alaska 401 851 550 043 148 192 36 8 50 Wyoming 469 557 453 588 15 969 3 4 United States 226 545 805 248 709 873 22 164 068 9 8 Reapportionment EditThe results of the 1990 census determined the number of seats that each state receives in the United States House of Representatives starting with the 1992 elections Consequently this affected the number of votes each state has in the Electoral College for the 1992 presidential election Because of population changes twenty one states had changes in their number of seats Eight states gained at least one seat and thirteen states lost at least one seat The final result involved 19 seats being switched 4 Gained seven seats Gained four seats Gained three seats Gained one seat Lost one seat Lost two seats Lost three seatsCalifornia Florida Texas ArizonaGeorgiaNorth CarolinaVirginiaWashington IowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMassachusettsMontanaNew JerseyWest Virginia IllinoisMichiganOhioPennsylvania New YorkCity rankings EditRank City State Population 5 Region 2016 6 01 New York New York 7 322 564 Northeast02 Los Angeles California 3 485 398 West03 Chicago Illinois 2 783 726 Midwest04 Houston Texas 1 630 553 South05 Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1 585 577 Northeast06 San Diego California 1 110 549 West07 Detroit Michigan 1 027 974 Midwest08 Dallas Texas 1 006 877 South09 Phoenix Arizona 983 403 West10 San Antonio Texas 935 933 South11 San Jose California 782 248 West12 Baltimore Maryland 736 014 South13 Indianapolis Indiana 731 327 Midwest14 San Francisco California 723 959 West15 Jacksonville Florida 635 230 South16 Columbus Ohio 632 910 Midwest17 Milwaukee Wisconsin 628 088 Midwest18 Memphis Tennessee 610 337 South19 Washington District of Columbia 606 900 South20 Boston Massachusetts 574 283 Northeast21 Seattle Washington 516 259 West22 El Paso Texas 515 342 South23 Cleveland Ohio 505 616 Midwest24 New Orleans Louisiana 496 938 South25 Nashville Davidson Tennessee 488 374 South26 Denver Colorado 467 610 West27 Austin Texas 465 622 South28 Fort Worth Texas 447 619 South29 Oklahoma City Oklahoma 444 719 South30 Portland Oregon 437 319 West31 Kansas City Missouri 435 146 Midwest32 Long Beach California 429 433 West33 Tucson Arizona 405 390 West34 St Louis Missouri 396 685 Midwest35 Charlotte North Carolina 395 934 South36 Atlanta Georgia 394 017 South37 Virginia Beach Virginia 393 069 South38 Albuquerque New Mexico 384 736 West39 Oakland California 372 242 West40 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 369 879 Northeast41 Sacramento California 369 365 West42 Minneapolis Minnesota 368 383 Midwest43 Tulsa Oklahoma 367 302 South44 Honolulu Hawaii 365 272 West45 Cincinnati Ohio 364 040 Midwest46 Miami Florida 358 548 South47 Fresno California 354 202 West48 Omaha Nebraska 335 795 Midwest49 Toledo Ohio 332 943 Midwest50 Buffalo New York 328 123 Northeast51 Wichita Kansas 304 011 Midwest52 Santa Ana California 293 742 West53 Mesa Arizona 288 091 West54 Colorado Springs Colorado 281 140 West55 Tampa Florida 280 015 South56 Newark New Jersey 275 221 Northeast57 Saint Paul Minnesota 272 235 Midwest58 Louisville Kentucky 269 063 South59 Anaheim California 266 406 West60 Birmingham Alabama 265 968 South61 Arlington Texas 261 721 South62 Norfolk Virginia 261 229 South63 Las Vegas Nevada 258 295 West64 Corpus Christi Texas 257 453 South65 St Petersburg Florida 238 629 South66 Rochester New York 231 636 Northeast67 Jersey City New Jersey 228 537 Northeast68 Riverside California 226 505 West69 Anchorage Alaska 226 338 West70 Lexington Fayette Kentucky 225 366 South71 Akron Ohio 223 019 Midwest72 Aurora Colorado 222 103 West73 Baton Rouge Louisiana 219 531 South74 Stockton California 210 943 West75 Raleigh North Carolina 207 951 South76 Richmond Virginia 203 056 South77 Shreveport Louisiana 198 525 South78 Jackson Mississippi 196 637 South79 Mobile Alabama 196 278 South80 Des Moines Iowa 193 187 Midwest81 Lincoln Nebraska 191 972 Midwest82 Madison Wisconsin 191 262 Midwest83 Grand Rapids Michigan 189 126 Midwest84 Yonkers New York 188 082 Northeast85 Hialeah Florida 188 004 South86 Montgomery Alabama 187 106 South87 Lubbock Texas 186 206 South88 Greensboro North Carolina 183 521 South89 Dayton Ohio 182 044 Midwest90 Huntington Beach California 181 519 West91 Garland Texas 180 650 South92 Glendale California 180 038 West93 Columbus Georgia 178 681 South94 Spokane Washington 177 196 West95 Tacoma Washington 176 664 West96 Little Rock Arkansas 175 795 South97 Bakersfield California 174 820 West98 Fremont California 173 339 West99 Fort Wayne Indiana 173 072 Midwest100 Arlington Virginia 170 936 SouthReferences Edit Population and Area Historical Censuses PDF United States Census Bureau Archived PDF from the original on June 24 2008 Retrieved June 20 2008 Brown Frank Dexter February 1990 The 1990 Census Will Blacks Be Counted Out Black Enterprise Earl G Graves Ltd 20 7 195 ISSN 0006 4165 Retrieved July 29 2011 The 72 Year Rule History U S Census Bureau Retrieved October 26 2015 1990 Apportionment Results US Census Bureau Retrieved October 26 2016 Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States 1790 to 1990 U S Census Bureau 1998 Regions and Divisions U S Census Bureau Archived from the original on December 3 2016 Retrieved September 9 2016 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1990 United States Census U S Census Bureau 1990 Census page Historic US Census data Statistical Abstract of the United States 1990 Contains 1990 census results Booknotes interview with Sam Roberts on Who We Are A Portrait of America June 19 1994 1991 U S Census Report contains 1990 census results Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1990 United States census amp oldid 1130444427, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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