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List of natural disasters by death toll

February 16, 2024

A natural disaster is a sudden event that causes widespread destruction, major collateral damage, or loss of life, brought about by forces other than the acts of human beings. A natural disaster might be caused by earthquakes, flooding, volcanic eruption, landslide, hurricanes, etc. To be classified as a disaster, it must have profound environmental effects and/or loss of life and frequently causes financial loss.

Global multihazard mortality risks and distribution (2005) for cyclones, drought, earthquakes, floods, landslides, and volcanoes (excluding heat waves, snowstorms, and other deadly hazards).

Ten deadliest natural disasters by highest estimated death toll excluding epidemics and famines edit

This list takes into account only the highest estimated death toll for each disaster and lists them accordingly. It does not include epidemics and famines. The list also does not include the 1938 Yellow River flood, which was caused by the deliberate destruction of dikes.

Death toll (Highest estimate) Event Location Date
4,000,000[1][a] 1931 China floods China July 1931
2,000,000[2][3][4] 1887 Yellow River flood September 1887
655,000[5] 1976 Tangshan earthquake July 28, 1976
500,000[6][1] 1970 Bhola cyclone East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) November 13, 1970
316,000[7] 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti January 12, 2010
300,000[8] 526 Antioch earthquake Byzantine Empire (now Hatay/Turkey) May 526
≈300,000[9][10] 1839 Coringa cyclone Andhra Pradesh, India November 25, 1839
≈300,000[11] 1737 Calcutta cyclone Bengal, India October 1737
≈300,000[12] 1139 Ganja earthquake Seljuk Empire (present-day Azerbaijan) September 30, 1139
273,407[13] 1920 Haiyuan earthquake China December 16, 1920

Deadliest natural disasters by year excluding epidemics and famines edit

20th century edit

Year Death toll Event Countries affected Type Date
1900 6,000–12,000 1900 Galveston hurricane United States Tropical cyclone September 9
1901 9,500 1901 eastern United States heat wave United States Heat wave June–July
1902 29,000 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée Martinique Volcanic eruption April–August
1903 3,500 1903 Manzikert earthquake Turkey Earthquake April 28
1904 400 1904 Sichuan earthquake China August 30
1905 20,000+ 1905 Kangra earthquake India April 4
1906 15,000 1906 Hong Kong typhoon Hong Kong,China Tropical cyclone September 18
1907 12,000–15,000 1907 Qaratog earthquake Uzbekistan Earthquake October 21
1908 75,000–82,000 1908 Messina earthquake Italy December 28
1909 6,000–8,000 1909 Borujerd earthquake Iran January 23
1910 2,450 1910 Costa Rica earthquakes Costa Rica May 4
1911 41,072[14] 1911 France heat wave France Heat wave June–August
1912 50,000–220,000 1912 China typhoon China Tropical cyclone August 29
1913 942-1,900 1913 Eshan earthquake China Earthquake December 21
1914 2,344 1914 Burdur earthquake Turkey October 4
1915 29,978-32,610 1915 Avezzano earthquake Italy January 13
1916 2,000–10,000 White Friday avalanches Italy Avalanche December 13
1917 1,500 1917 Bali earthquake Indonesia Earthquake January 21
1918 1,000 1918 Shantou earthquake China February 13
1919 5,000 1919 Kelud mudflow Indonesia Volcanic eruption May 19
1920 258,707–273,407 1920 Haiyuan earthquake China, Mongolia Earthquake December 16
1921 215 September 1921 San Antonio floods United States Flood September 7 –11
1922 50,000–100,000+ 1922 Shantou typhoon Philippines, China Tropical cyclone July 27 –August 3
1923 105,385-142,800 1923 Great Kantō earthquake Japan Earthquake September 1
1924 1,000 Great flood of 99 India Flood July
1925 5,000 1925 Dali earthquake China Earthquake March 16
1926 709 1926 Havana–Bermuda hurricane Cuba, United States, Bahamas, Bermuda Tropical cyclone October 14 –28
1927 40,912 1927 Gulang earthquake China, Tibet Earthquake May 22
1928 4,112+ 1928 Okeechobee hurricane United States, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Bahamas, Dominica, Tropical cyclone September 12 –21
1929 3,257–3,800 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake Iran, Turkmenistan Earthquake May 1
1930 2,000–8,000 1930 San Zenón hurricane Dominican Republic Tropical cyclone September 3
1931 422,499–4,000,000 1931 China floods China Flood July – November
1932 3,103+ 1932 Cuba hurricane Cayman Islands, Cuba Tropical cyclone November 9
1933 6,865–9,300 1933 Diexi earthquake China Earthquake August 25
1934 10,700–12,000 1934 Nepal–India earthquake Nepal, India January 15
1935 145,000 1935 Yangtze flood China Flood July 6
1936 5,000+ 1936 North American heat wave United States, Canada Heat wave June – September
1937 11,021 1937 Great Hong Kong typhoon China Tropical cyclone September 2
1938 715+ 1938 Hanshin flood Japan Flood July
1939 32,700–32,968 1939 Erzincan earthquake Turkey Earthquake December 27
1940 1,000 1940 Vrancea earthquake Romania November 10
1941 1,200 1941 Jabal Razih earthquake Yemen January 11
1942 61,000 1942 West Bengal cyclone India Tropical cyclone October 14 – 18
1943 2,824-5,000 1943 Tosya–Ladik earthquake Turkey Earthquake November 27
1944 10,000 1944 San Juan earthquake Argentina January 15
1945 4,000 1945 Balochistan earthquake Pakistan November 28
1946 2,550 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake Dominican Republic August 4
1947 1,077 Typhoon Kathleen Japan Tropical cyclone September 15
1948 10,000–110,000 1948 Ashgabat earthquake Soviet Union, Iran Earthquake October 6
1949 7,200 1949 Khait earthquake Tajikistan Earthquake July 10
1950 4,800 1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake India, China August 15
1951 4,800 1951 Manchuria flood China Flood September 18
1952 2,336 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake Russia Earthquake November 4
1953 2,551 North Sea flood of 1953 Netherlands, Belgium, England, Scotland Flood January 31–February 1
1954 33,000 1954 Yangtze floods China June – September
1955 1,023+ Hurricane Janet Lesser Antilles, Mexico Tropical cyclone September 22 – 30
1956 4,935 Typhoon Wanda China August 1
1957 1,500 1957 Sangchal earthquake Iran Earthquake July 2
1958 1,269 Typhoon Ida Japan Tropical cyclone September 26
1959 5,098 Typhoon Vera
1960 14,174 Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) October 31
1961 11,468 Cyclone Winnie May 6 – 9
1962 50,935 Tropical Storm Harriet Thailand, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) October 19 – 31
1963 22,000 Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Two East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) May 28
1964 7,000 Tropical Storm Joan Vietnam November 4 – 11
1965 47,000 1965 Bengal cyclones East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) May 11 – 12 and June 1 – 2
1966 8,064 1966 Xingtai earthquakes China Earthquake March 22
1967 10,000 1967 Paradip cyclone[15] India Tropical cyclone October 26
1968 15,000 1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows earthquakes Iran Earthquake August 31
1969 3,000 1969 Yangjiang earthquake China July 26
1970 300,000-500,000 1970 Bhola cyclone India, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) Tropical cyclone November 13
1971 100,000 Hanoi and Red River Delta flood North Vietnam Flood August 1
1972 5,374 1972 Qir earthquake Iran Earthquake April 10
1973 2,175–2,204 1973 Luhuo earthquake China February 6
1974 8,210+ Hurricane Fifi–Orlene Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, Mexico Tropical cyclone September 18 – 20
1975 26,000-240,000 1975 Banqiao Dam Failure disaster triggered by Typhoon Nina China August 7
1976 242,419–655,000 1976 Tangshan earthquake Earthquake July 28
1977 10,000–50,000 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone India Tropical cyclone November 19
1978 15,000–25,000 1978 Tabas earthquake Iran Earthquake September 16
1979 2,078 Hurricane David Dominican Republic, Dominica Tropical cyclone August 15 – September 8
1980 2,633-5,000 1980 El Asnam earthquake Algeria Earthquake October 10
1981 3,000 1981 Golbaf earthquake Iran June 11
1982 2,800 1982 North Yemen earthquake Yemen December 13
1983 1,342 1983 Erzurum earthquake Turkey October 30
1984 1,474 Typhoon Ike Philippines Tropical cyclone August 26 – September 6
1985 23,000 Armero tragedy Colombia Volcanic eruption November 13
1986 1,746 Lake Nyos disaster Cameroon Limnic eruption August 21
1987 1,000 1987 Ecuador earthquakes Ecuador Earthquake March 6
1988 25,000-50,000 1988 Armenian earthquake Armenia December 7
1989 3,814 1989 Sichuan flood China Flood July 27
1990 35,000-45,000 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake Iran Earthquake June 21
1991 138,866 1991 Bangladesh cyclone Bangladesh Tropical cyclone April 24 – 30
1992 2,500 1992 Flores earthquake and tsunami Indonesia Earthquake, Tsunami December 12
1993 9,748 1993 Latur earthquake India Earthquake September 30
1994 3,063 Typhoon Fred China, Taiwan Tropical cyclone August 21
1995 6,434 Great Hanshin earthquake Japan Earthquake January 17
1996 1,077 1996 Andhra Pradesh cyclone India Tropical cyclone November 4 – 7
1997 3,123 Tropical Storm Linda Vietnam, Thailand Tropical cyclone, Flood November 1 – 9
1998 11,374 Hurricane Mitch Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, Mexico Tropical cyclone October 22 – November 9
1999 17,126-18,373 1999 İzmit earthquake Turkey Earthquake August 17
2000 700-800 2000 Mozambique flood Mozambique Flood February – March

21st century edit

Year Death toll Event Countries affected Type Date
2001 13,805-20,023 2001 Gujarat earthquake India Earthquake January 26
2002 1,200 2002 Hindu Kush earthquakes Afghanistan March 25
2003 72,000 2003 European heat wave Europe Heat Wave July – August
2004 227,898 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Maldives, Somalia Earthquake, Tsunami December 26
2005 86,000-87,351 2005 Kashmir earthquake India, Pakistan Earthquake October 8
2006 5,749-5,778 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake Indonesia May 26
2007 15,000 Cyclone Sidr Bangladesh, India Tropical cyclone November 11 – 16
2008 138,373 Cyclone Nargis Myanmar April 27 – May 3
2009 1,115 2009 Sumatra earthquakes Indonesia Earthquake September 30
2010 100,000–316,000 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti Earthquake January 12
2011 19,749 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami Japan Earthquake, Tsunami March 11
2012 1,901 Typhoon Bopha Philippines Tropical cyclone December 4 – 5
2013 6,340 Typhoon Haiyan Philippines, Vietnam, China November 8 – 10
2014 2,700 2014 Badakhshan mudslides Afghanistan Landslide May 2
2015 8,964 April 2015 Nepal earthquake Nepal, India Earthquake April 25
2016 1,111[16] 2016 Indian heat wave India Heat wave April – May
2017 3,059 Hurricane Maria Puerto Rico, Dominica Tropical cyclone September 19 – 21
2018 4,340 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami Indonesia Earthquake, Tsunami September 28
2019 3,951+ 2019 European heat waves Europe Heat wave June – July
2020 6,511 2020 South Asian floods Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Flood May – October
2021 2,248 2021 Haiti earthquake Haiti Earthquake August 14
2022 24,501-61,672 2022 European heatwaves Europe Heat wave June 12 – September 12
2023 59,259-62,013 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes Turkey, Syria Earthquake February 6
2024 240 2024 Noto earthquake Japan Earthquake January 1

Lists of deadliest natural disasters by cause edit

Avalanches/landslides edit

Main articles: List of avalanches by death toll, List of landslides, List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll § Anthropogenically exacerbated landslides, Avalanche, and Landslide
Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date
1. 100,000 1786 Dadu River landslide dam; triggered by the 1786 Kangding-Luding earthquake[17] China 1786
1920 Haiyuan landslides; triggered by the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake[17] 1920
2. 70,001+ Landslides triggered by the 1718 Tongwei–Gansu earthquake.[18] China 1718
3. 22,000 1970 Huascarán avalanche; triggered by the 1970 Ancash earthquake[19] Peru 1970
4. 10,000–30,000 Vargas tragedy[20] Venezuela 1999
10,000 White Friday avalanches[21][22] Italy 1916
6. 5,000–28,000 Khait landslide[23][24] Tajikistan 1949
7. 4,000–6,000 1941 Huaraz avalanche[25] Peru 1941
4,000 1962 Huascarán avalanche[19] 1962
9. 3,466 1310 Western Hubei landslide[17] China 1310
10. 3,429 1933 Diexi landslides[17] 1933

Disease outbreaks edit

Main articles: List of epidemics, Epidemic, and Pandemic

Death counts are historical totals unless indicated otherwise. Events in boldface are ongoing.

Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date Pathogen − (disease caused)
1. 75–200 million[26] Black Death Europe, Asia and North Africa 1346–1353 Yersinia pestis − (Plague)
2. 50 million+ (17–100 million)[27][28] Spanish flu Worldwide 1918–1920 Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 − (Influenza/"the flu")
3. 40.1 million (as of 2022)[29] HIV/AIDS pandemic Worldwide 1981–present Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) − (HIV/AIDS)
4. 30–50 million[30][31][32] Plague of Justinian Europe and West Asia 541–542 Yersinia pestis − (Plague)
5. 7–29 million (as of 2022)[33][34][35] COVID-19 pandemic Worldwide 2019–present[36] SARS-CoV-2 − (COVID-19)
6. 12–15 million (India and China)[37] Third plague pandemic Worldwide 1855–1960 Yersinia pestis − (Bubonic plague)
7. 5–15 million[38][39][40][41] Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548 Mexico 1545–1548 Uncertain. Likely Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica − (Enteric fever) or viral hemorrhagic fever but no consensus.
8. 5–10 million[42] Antonine Plague Roman Empire 165–180 (possibly up to 190) Likely Variola − (Smallpox), possibly alongside Measles morbillivirus − (Measles)
9. 5–8 million[40] 1520 Mexico smallpox epidemic Mexico 1519–1520 Variola virus − (Smallpox)
10. 2.5 million[43] 1918–1922 Russia typhus epidemic Russia 1918–1922 Rickettsia prowazekii − (Epidemic typhus)

Earthquakes edit

Main articles: Lists of earthquakes § Deadliest earthquakes, and Earthquake
Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date
1. 242,419–655,000[44] 1976 Tangshan earthquake China July 28, 1976
2. 100,000–316,000 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti January 12, 2010
3. 250,000–300,000[8] 526 Antioch earthquake Byzantine Empire (now Turkey) May 526
4. 273,407[13] 1920 Haiyuan earthquake Ningxia, Republic of China (now People's Republic of China) December 16, 1920
5. 270,000 1303 Hongdong earthquake[45] Mongol Empire (now China) September 17, 1303
6. 260,000[46] 115 Antioch earthquake Roman Empire (now Turkey) December 13, 115
7. 230,000 1138 Aleppo earthquake Zengid dynasty (now Syria) October 11, 1138
1139 Ganja earthquake Seljuk Empire (now Azerbaijan) 20 September 1139
9. 227,898 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake Indonesia December 26, 2004
10. 200,000 856 Damghan earthquake Abbasid Caliphate (now Iran) December 22, 856
1780 Tabriz earthquake Iran January 8, 1780

Famines edit

Main articles: List of famines, List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll § Anthropogenically exacerbated famines, and Famine

Note: Some of these famines may have been caused or partially caused by humans.

Note: This list is ranked by number of deaths. Not deaths per capita, as in the percentage of the population.

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 11,000,000–40,000,000 Great Chinese Famine China 1959–1961
2. 25,000,000[47] Chinese famine of 1906–1907 Qing China 1906–1907
3. 9,000,000–13,000,000[48] Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879 1876–1879
4. 11,000,000 Chalisa famine North India 1783–1784
Doji bara famine or Skull famine India 1789–1793
6. 10,000,000 Great Bengal famine of 1770, incl. Bihar & Orissa British company India 1769–1773
7. 7,500,000 Great European Famine Europe 1315–1317
8. 7,400,000 Deccan famine of 1630–1632 Mughal Empire, now India 1630–1632
9. 5,000,000–8,000,000 Soviet famine of 1932–1933 Soviet Union 1932–1933
10. 5,500,000 Indian Great Famine of 1876–1878 British India 1876–1878

Floods edit

Main articles: List of floods, List of deadliest floods, List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll § Anthropogenically exacerbated floods, and Flood

Note: Some of these floods and landslides may be partially caused by humans – for example, by failure of dams, levees, seawalls or retaining walls.
This list does not include the man-made 1938 Yellow River flood caused entirely by a deliberate man-made act (an act of war, destroying dikes).

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 422,499–4,000,000[49] 1931 China floods China 1931
2. 930,000–2,000,000 1887 Yellow River (Huang He) flood 1887
3. 230,000[50] 1975 Banqiao Dam failure 1975
4. 145,000 1935 Yangtze flood 1935
5. 100,000+ St. Felix's flood, storm surge Holy Roman Empire 1530
7. 100,000[citation needed] 1911 Yangtze River flood China 1911
8. 100,000[51][52][53][54] The flood of 1099 Netherlands & England 1099
9. 50,000–80,000[52] St. Lucia's flood, storm surge Holy Roman Empire 1287
10. 60,000 North Sea flood, storm surge 1212

Heat waves edit

Main articles: List of heat waves and Heat wave

Note: Measuring the number of deaths caused by a heat wave requires complicated statistical analysis, since heat waves tend to cause large numbers of deaths among people weakened by other conditions. As a result, the number of deaths is only known with any accuracy for heat waves in the modern era in countries with developed healthcare systems.

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 72,000 2003 European heat wave Europe 2003
2. 56,000 2010 Russian heat wave Russia 2010
3. 41,072[14] 1911 France heat wave France 1911
4. 24,501-61,672 2022 European heat waves Europe 2022
5. 9,500 1901 eastern United States heat wave United States 1901
6. 5,000–10,000 1988–1990 North American drought United States 1988
7. 3,951 2019 European heat waves Europe 2019
8. 3,418[55] 2006 European heat wave 2006
9. 2,541[55] 1998 Indian heat wave India 1998
10. 2,500 2015 Indian heat wave 2015

Impact events edit

Main articles: Impact event, Meteorite fall, Meteor shower, and Meteor air burst

Note: While there is only one[56][unreliable fringe source?][scientific citation needed] allegedly verified case of astronomical objects resulting in human fatalities, there have been several reported occurrences throughout human history. Consequently, the fatalities for almost all events listed are considered unofficial.[citation needed]

Rank Death toll (unofficial) Location Date Notes
1. 75% of Species on earth (approx) Mexico

(Casualties all around the globe)

66 million years ago Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
2 10,000+[citation needed] Qingyang, Gansu, China 1490 1490 Ch'ing-yang event
3 "Tens"[citation needed] Changshou District, Chongqing, China 1639 Ten homes destroyed by a possible meteorite.[57][self-published source?][58]
4 10+[citation needed] China 616 AD A large meteorite fell onto the rebel Lu Ming-Yueh's camp, destroying a wall-attacking tower.[58][59][self-published source?]
5 0

(3 estimated)[citation needed]

 Podkamennaya Tunguska River, Siberia, Russian Empire 1908 Tunguska event[57][unreliable fringe source?][self-published source?]
6 2[citation needed] Malacca ship, Indian Ocean 1648 Two sailors were killed on board a ship by a possible meteorite.[58]
7 1[citation needed] Cremona, Lombardy, Italy 1511 A monk and several animals were killed by stones weighing up to 50 kg (110 lb)[58]
Milan, Lombardy, Italy 1633 or 1664 A monk died after being struck on the thigh by a meteorite[58]
Gascony, France 1790 A farmer was reportedly struck and killed by a meteorite[58]
Oriang, Malwate, India 1825 [57][self-published source?][60]
Chin-kuei Shan, China 1874 A cottage was crushed by a meteorite, killing a child[57][self-published source?][61]
Dun-le-Poëlier, France 1879 A farmer was killed by a meteorite[57]
Sulaymaniyah, Ottoman Empire 1888 At around 8:30 pm, a shower of meteorites fell "like rain" on a village in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq (then part of the Ottoman Empire). One man died and another was paralyzed. The man's death is considered the only credible case of death-by-meteorite.[56][unreliable fringe source?][scientific citation needed]
Zvezvan, Yugoslavia 1929 A meteorite hit a bridal party[57][self-published source?]

Limnic eruptions edit

Main article: Limnic eruption

Note: Only 2 cases in recorded history.

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 1,744 Lake Nyos disaster Cameroon August 21, 1986
2. 37 Lake Monoun disaster August 15, 1984

Tornadoes edit

Main articles: List of tornadoes causing 100 or more deaths and Tornado
See also: List of deadliest Storm Prediction Center days by outlook risk level
Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 1,300 The Daulatpur–Saturia tornado Manikganj, Bangladesh 1989
2. 751 The Tri-State tornado outbreak United States (Missouri–Illinois–Indiana) 1925
3. 681 1973 Dhaka tornado Bangladesh 1973
4. 660 1969 East Pakistan tornado East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) 1969
5. 600 The Valletta, Malta tornado Malta 1551 or 1556
6. 500 The 1851 Sicily tornadoes Sicily, Two Sicilies (now Italy) 1851
Narail-Magura tornado Jessore, East Pakistan, Pakistan (now Bangladesh) 1964
Madaripur-Shibchar tornado Bangladesh 1977
9. 400 The 1984 Soviet Union tornado outbreak Soviet Union (Volga Federal District, Central Federal District, and Northwestern Federal District in Russia) 1984
10. 317 The Great Natchez Tornado United States (Mississippi–Louisiana) 1840

Tropical cyclones edit

See also: List of the deadliest tropical cyclones and Tropical cyclone

Note: Earlier versions of this list have included the so-called 'Bombay Cyclone of 1882' in tenth position, but this supposed event has been proven to be a hoax.

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 500,000+ 1970 Bhola cyclone East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) November 13, 1970
2. 300,000
1839 Coringa cyclone[9] British India (now India) November 25, 1839
3. 300,000+ 1737 Calcutta cyclone October 11, 1737
4. 229,000 Super Typhoon Nina—contributed to Banqiao Dam failure China August 7, 1975
5. 200,000[62] Great Backerganj Cyclone of 1876 British Raj (now Bangladesh) October 31, 1876
6. 138,866 1991 Bangladesh cyclone Bangladesh April 29, 1991
7. 138,373 Cyclone Nargis Myanmar May 2, 2008
8. 100,000 July 1780 typhoon[63] Philippines 1780
9. 60,000+ 1864 Calcutta cyclone India October 5, 1864
10. 50,000-220,000 1912 China typhoon China August 29, 1912

Tsunamis edit

See also: List of tsunamis and Tsunami

Note: A possible tsunami in 1782 that caused about 40,000 deaths in the Taiwan Strait area may have been of "meteorological" origin (a cyclone).[64]

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 227,898 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami Indian Ocean December 26, 2004
2. 123,000[1] 1908 Messina earthquake Italy December 28, 1908
3. 36,417 1883 eruption of Krakatoa Indonesia August 27, 1883
4. 40,000–50,000[65] 1755 Lisbon earthquake Portugal November 1, 1755
5. 30,000–100,000 Minoan eruption Greece 2nd Millennium BC
6. 31,000 1498 Meiō earthquake Japan September 20, 1498
7. 30,000 1707 Hōei earthquake October 28, 1707
8. 27,122[66] 1896 Sanriku earthquake June 15, 1896
9. 25,674 1868 Arica earthquake Chile August 13, 1868
10. 5,700[67]–50,000[68] 365 Crete earthquake Greece July 21, 365

Volcanic eruptions edit

Main articles: List of volcanic eruptions by death toll and Volcanic eruption
Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 71,000+[69] 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora (see also Year Without a Summer) Indonesia April 10, 1815
2. 36,000+[70] 1883 eruption of Krakatoa August 27, 1883
3. 30,000[71] 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée Martinique May 7, 1902
4. 23,000[72] Armero tragedy Colombia November 13, 1985
5. 15,000[73] 1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami Japan May 21, 1792
6. 13,000[74] Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD Italy 79
7. 10,000+ 1586 Kelud eruption Indonesia 1586
8. 6,000[75] 1902 Santa Maria eruption Guatemala October 24, 1902
9. 5,000[76] 1919 Kelud mudflow Indonesia May 19, 1919
10. 4,011[77] 1822 Galunggung eruption 1822

Wildfires edit

Main articles: List of wildfires and Wildfire
See also: List of deadliest Storm Prediction Center days by outlook risk level
Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 1,200–2,500 Peshtigo fire Wisconsin, United States October 8, 1871
2. 1,000+ Kursha-2 Fire Soviet Union August 3, 1936
3. 453 Cloquet fire[78] Minnesota, United States October 12, 1918
4. 418-476 Great Hinckley Fire September 1, 1894
5. 282 Thumb Fire Michigan, United States September 5, 1881
6. 240 1997 Indonesian forest fires[79][80] Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia September 1997
7. 160–300 1825 Miramichi fire Canada October 7, 1825
8. 223 Matheson Fire Ontario, Canada July 29, 1916
9. 211 1987 Black Dragon fire[79][80] China and Soviet Union May 1, 1987
10. 173 Black Saturday bushfires[79][80] Australia February 7, 2009

Winter storms edit

Main articles: List of blizzards, Blizzard, and Winter storm
Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date
1. 4,000 1972 Iran blizzard Iran 1972
2. 3,000 Carolean Death March Norway 1719
3. 926 2008 Afghanistan blizzard Afghanistan 2008
4. 400 Great Blizzard of 1888 United States 1888
5. 353 Great Appalachian Storm of 1950 1950
6. 318 1993 Storm of the Century 1993
7. 299–978 2021 North American winter storm United States and Mexico 2021
8. 286 December 1960 nor'easter United States 1960
9. 250 Great Lakes Storm of 1913 United States and Canada (Great Lakes region) 1913
10. 235 Schoolhouse Blizzard United States 1888

See also edit

Other lists organized by death toll

Notes edit

  1. ^ Estimate by Nova's sources are close to 4  million and yet Encarta's sources report as few as 1  million. Expert estimates report wide variance.

References edit

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  13. ^ a b . Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
  14. ^ a b "France's 70-Day Heatwave Of 1911 Killed 41,000 In 'Crushing Heat', Most Were Infants". mothernature.news. July 2, 2019. from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
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February 16, 2024
list, natural, disasters, death, toll, this, article, contain, excessive, inappropriate, references, self, published, sources, please, help, improve, removing, references, unreliable, sources, where, they, used, inappropriately, september, 2023, learn, when, r. This article may contain excessive or inappropriate references to self published sources Please help improve it by removing references to unreliable sources where they are used inappropriately September 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message A natural disaster is a sudden event that causes widespread destruction major collateral damage or loss of life brought about by forces other than the acts of human beings A natural disaster might be caused by earthquakes flooding volcanic eruption landslide hurricanes etc To be classified as a disaster it must have profound environmental effects and or loss of life and frequently causes financial loss Global multihazard mortality risks and distribution 2005 for cyclones drought earthquakes floods landslides and volcanoes excluding heat waves snowstorms and other deadly hazards Contents 1 Ten deadliest natural disasters by highest estimated death toll excluding epidemics and famines 2 Deadliest natural disasters by year excluding epidemics and famines 2 1 20th century 2 2 21st century 3 Lists of deadliest natural disasters by cause 3 1 Avalanches landslides 3 2 Disease outbreaks 3 3 Earthquakes 3 4 Famines 3 5 Floods 3 6 Heat waves 3 7 Impact events 3 8 Limnic eruptions 3 9 Tornadoes 3 10 Tropical cyclones 3 11 Tsunamis 3 12 Volcanic eruptions 3 13 Wildfires 3 14 Winter storms 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksTen deadliest natural disasters by highest estimated death toll excluding epidemics and famines editThis list takes into account only the highest estimated death toll for each disaster and lists them accordingly It does not include epidemics and famines The list also does not include the 1938 Yellow River flood which was caused by the deliberate destruction of dikes Death toll Highest estimate Event Location Date4 000 000 1 a 1931 China floods China July 19312 000 000 2 3 4 1887 Yellow River flood September 1887655 000 5 1976 Tangshan earthquake July 28 1976500 000 6 1 1970 Bhola cyclone East Pakistan now Bangladesh November 13 1970316 000 7 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti January 12 2010300 000 8 526 Antioch earthquake Byzantine Empire now Hatay Turkey May 526 300 000 9 10 1839 Coringa cyclone Andhra Pradesh India November 25 1839 300 000 11 1737 Calcutta cyclone Bengal India October 1737 300 000 12 1139 Ganja earthquake Seljuk Empire present day Azerbaijan September 30 1139273 407 13 1920 Haiyuan earthquake China December 16 1920Deadliest natural disasters by year excluding epidemics and famines edit20th century edit Year Death toll Event Countries affected Type Date1900 6 000 12 000 1900 Galveston hurricane United States Tropical cyclone September 91901 9 500 1901 eastern United States heat wave United States Heat wave June July1902 29 000 1902 eruption of Mount Pelee Martinique Volcanic eruption April August1903 3 500 1903 Manzikert earthquake Turkey Earthquake April 281904 400 1904 Sichuan earthquake China August 301905 20 000 1905 Kangra earthquake India April 41906 15 000 1906 Hong Kong typhoon Hong Kong China Tropical cyclone September 181907 12 000 15 000 1907 Qaratog earthquake Uzbekistan Earthquake October 211908 75 000 82 000 1908 Messina earthquake Italy December 281909 6 000 8 000 1909 Borujerd earthquake Iran January 231910 2 450 1910 Costa Rica earthquakes Costa Rica May 41911 41 072 14 1911 France heat wave France Heat wave June August1912 50 000 220 000 1912 China typhoon China Tropical cyclone August 291913 942 1 900 1913 Eshan earthquake China Earthquake December 211914 2 344 1914 Burdur earthquake Turkey October 41915 29 978 32 610 1915 Avezzano earthquake Italy January 131916 2 000 10 000 White Friday avalanches Italy Avalanche December 131917 1 500 1917 Bali earthquake Indonesia Earthquake January 211918 1 000 1918 Shantou earthquake China February 131919 5 000 1919 Kelud mudflow Indonesia Volcanic eruption May 191920 258 707 273 407 1920 Haiyuan earthquake China Mongolia Earthquake December 161921 215 September 1921 San Antonio floods United States Flood September 7 111922 50 000 100 000 1922 Shantou typhoon Philippines China Tropical cyclone July 27 August 31923 105 385 142 800 1923 Great Kantō earthquake Japan Earthquake September 11924 1 000 Great flood of 99 India Flood July1925 5 000 1925 Dali earthquake China Earthquake March 161926 709 1926 Havana Bermuda hurricane Cuba United States Bahamas Bermuda Tropical cyclone October 14 281927 40 912 1927 Gulang earthquake China Tibet Earthquake May 221928 4 112 1928 Okeechobee hurricane United States Puerto Rico Guadeloupe Bahamas Dominica Tropical cyclone September 12 211929 3 257 3 800 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake Iran Turkmenistan Earthquake May 11930 2 000 8 000 1930 San Zenon hurricane Dominican Republic Tropical cyclone September 31931 422 499 4 000 000 1931 China floods China Flood July November1932 3 103 1932 Cuba hurricane Cayman Islands Cuba Tropical cyclone November 91933 6 865 9 300 1933 Diexi earthquake China Earthquake August 251934 10 700 12 000 1934 Nepal India earthquake Nepal India January 151935 145 000 1935 Yangtze flood China Flood July 61936 5 000 1936 North American heat wave United States Canada Heat wave June September1937 11 021 1937 Great Hong Kong typhoon China Tropical cyclone September 21938 715 1938 Hanshin flood Japan Flood July1939 32 700 32 968 1939 Erzincan earthquake Turkey Earthquake December 271940 1 000 1940 Vrancea earthquake Romania November 101941 1 200 1941 Jabal Razih earthquake Yemen January 111942 61 000 1942 West Bengal cyclone India Tropical cyclone October 14 181943 2 824 5 000 1943 Tosya Ladik earthquake Turkey Earthquake November 271944 10 000 1944 San Juan earthquake Argentina January 151945 4 000 1945 Balochistan earthquake Pakistan November 281946 2 550 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake Dominican Republic August 41947 1 077 Typhoon Kathleen Japan Tropical cyclone September 151948 10 000 110 000 1948 Ashgabat earthquake Soviet Union Iran Earthquake October 61949 7 200 1949 Khait earthquake Tajikistan Earthquake July 101950 4 800 1950 Assam Tibet earthquake India China August 151951 4 800 1951 Manchuria flood China Flood September 181952 2 336 1952 Severo Kurilsk earthquake Russia Earthquake November 41953 2 551 North Sea flood of 1953 Netherlands Belgium England Scotland Flood January 31 February 11954 33 000 1954 Yangtze floods China June September1955 1 023 Hurricane Janet Lesser Antilles Mexico Tropical cyclone September 22 301956 4 935 Typhoon Wanda China August 11957 1 500 1957 Sangchal earthquake Iran Earthquake July 21958 1 269 Typhoon Ida Japan Tropical cyclone September 261959 5 098 Typhoon Vera1960 14 174 Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten East Pakistan now Bangladesh October 311961 11 468 Cyclone Winnie May 6 91962 50 935 Tropical Storm Harriet Thailand East Pakistan now Bangladesh October 19 311963 22 000 Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Two East Pakistan now Bangladesh May 281964 7 000 Tropical Storm Joan Vietnam November 4 111965 47 000 1965 Bengal cyclones East Pakistan now Bangladesh May 11 12 and June 1 21966 8 064 1966 Xingtai earthquakes China Earthquake March 221967 10 000 1967 Paradip cyclone 15 India Tropical cyclone October 261968 15 000 1968 Dasht e Bayaz and Ferdows earthquakes Iran Earthquake August 311969 3 000 1969 Yangjiang earthquake China July 261970 300 000 500 000 1970 Bhola cyclone India East Pakistan now Bangladesh Tropical cyclone November 131971 100 000 Hanoi and Red River Delta flood North Vietnam Flood August 11972 5 374 1972 Qir earthquake Iran Earthquake April 101973 2 175 2 204 1973 Luhuo earthquake China February 61974 8 210 Hurricane Fifi Orlene Honduras Nicaragua El Salvador Guatemala Belize Mexico Tropical cyclone September 18 201975 26 000 240 000 1975 Banqiao Dam Failure disaster triggered by Typhoon Nina China August 71976 242 419 655 000 1976 Tangshan earthquake Earthquake July 281977 10 000 50 000 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone India Tropical cyclone November 191978 15 000 25 000 1978 Tabas earthquake Iran Earthquake September 161979 2 078 Hurricane David Dominican Republic Dominica Tropical cyclone August 15 September 81980 2 633 5 000 1980 El Asnam earthquake Algeria Earthquake October 101981 3 000 1981 Golbaf earthquake Iran June 111982 2 800 1982 North Yemen earthquake Yemen December 131983 1 342 1983 Erzurum earthquake Turkey October 301984 1 474 Typhoon Ike Philippines Tropical cyclone August 26 September 61985 23 000 Armero tragedy Colombia Volcanic eruption November 131986 1 746 Lake Nyos disaster Cameroon Limnic eruption August 211987 1 000 1987 Ecuador earthquakes Ecuador Earthquake March 61988 25 000 50 000 1988 Armenian earthquake Armenia December 71989 3 814 1989 Sichuan flood China Flood July 271990 35 000 45 000 1990 Manjil Rudbar earthquake Iran Earthquake June 211991 138 866 1991 Bangladesh cyclone Bangladesh Tropical cyclone April 24 301992 2 500 1992 Flores earthquake and tsunami Indonesia Earthquake Tsunami December 121993 9 748 1993 Latur earthquake India Earthquake September 301994 3 063 Typhoon Fred China Taiwan Tropical cyclone August 211995 6 434 Great Hanshin earthquake Japan Earthquake January 171996 1 077 1996 Andhra Pradesh cyclone India Tropical cyclone November 4 71997 3 123 Tropical Storm Linda Vietnam Thailand Tropical cyclone Flood November 1 91998 11 374 Hurricane Mitch Honduras Nicaragua El Salvador Guatemala Belize Mexico Tropical cyclone October 22 November 91999 17 126 18 373 1999 Izmit earthquake Turkey Earthquake August 172000 700 800 2000 Mozambique flood Mozambique Flood February March21st century edit Year Death toll Event Countries affected Type Date2001 13 805 20 023 2001 Gujarat earthquake India Earthquake January 262002 1 200 2002 Hindu Kush earthquakes Afghanistan March 252003 72 000 2003 European heat wave Europe Heat Wave July August2004 227 898 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami Indonesia Sri Lanka India Thailand Maldives Somalia Earthquake Tsunami December 262005 86 000 87 351 2005 Kashmir earthquake India Pakistan Earthquake October 82006 5 749 5 778 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake Indonesia May 262007 15 000 Cyclone Sidr Bangladesh India Tropical cyclone November 11 162008 138 373 Cyclone Nargis Myanmar April 27 May 32009 1 115 2009 Sumatra earthquakes Indonesia Earthquake September 302010 100 000 316 000 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti Earthquake January 122011 19 749 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami Japan Earthquake Tsunami March 112012 1 901 Typhoon Bopha Philippines Tropical cyclone December 4 52013 6 340 Typhoon Haiyan Philippines Vietnam China November 8 102014 2 700 2014 Badakhshan mudslides Afghanistan Landslide May 22015 8 964 April 2015 Nepal earthquake Nepal India Earthquake April 252016 1 111 16 2016 Indian heat wave India Heat wave April May2017 3 059 Hurricane Maria Puerto Rico Dominica Tropical cyclone September 19 212018 4 340 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami Indonesia Earthquake Tsunami September 282019 3 951 2019 European heat waves Europe Heat wave June July2020 6 511 2020 South Asian floods Afghanistan Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Flood May October2021 2 248 2021 Haiti earthquake Haiti Earthquake August 142022 24 501 61 672 2022 European heatwaves Europe Heat wave June 12 September 122023 59 259 62 013 2023 Turkey Syria earthquakes Turkey Syria Earthquake February 62024 240 2024 Noto earthquake Japan Earthquake January 1Lists of deadliest natural disasters by cause editAvalanches landslides edit Main articles List of avalanches by death toll List of landslides List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll Anthropogenically exacerbated landslides Avalanche and Landslide Rank Death toll estimate Event Location Date1 100 000 1786 Dadu River landslide dam triggered by the 1786 Kangding Luding earthquake 17 China 17861920 Haiyuan landslides triggered by the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake 17 19202 70 001 Landslides triggered by the 1718 Tongwei Gansu earthquake 18 China 17183 22 000 1970 Huascaran avalanche triggered by the 1970 Ancash earthquake 19 Peru 19704 10 000 30 000 Vargas tragedy 20 Venezuela 199910 000 White Friday avalanches 21 22 Italy 19166 5 000 28 000 Khait landslide 23 24 Tajikistan 19497 4 000 6 000 1941 Huaraz avalanche 25 Peru 19414 000 1962 Huascaran avalanche 19 19629 3 466 1310 Western Hubei landslide 17 China 131010 3 429 1933 Diexi landslides 17 1933Disease outbreaks edit Main articles List of epidemics Epidemic and Pandemic Death counts are historical totals unless indicated otherwise Events in boldface are ongoing Rank Death toll estimate Event Location Date Pathogen disease caused 1 75 200 million 26 Black Death Europe Asia and North Africa 1346 1353 Yersinia pestis Plague 2 50 million 17 100 million 27 28 Spanish flu Worldwide 1918 1920 Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 Influenza the flu 3 40 1 million as of 2022 29 HIV AIDS pandemic Worldwide 1981 present Human immunodeficiency virus HIV HIV AIDS 4 30 50 million 30 31 32 Plague of Justinian Europe and West Asia 541 542 Yersinia pestis Plague 5 7 29 million as of 2022 33 34 35 COVID 19 pandemic Worldwide 2019 present 36 SARS CoV 2 COVID 19 6 12 15 million India and China 37 Third plague pandemic Worldwide 1855 1960 Yersinia pestis Bubonic plague 7 5 15 million 38 39 40 41 Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545 1548 Mexico 1545 1548 Uncertain Likely Salmonella enterica subsp enterica Enteric fever or viral hemorrhagic fever but no consensus 8 5 10 million 42 Antonine Plague Roman Empire 165 180 possibly up to 190 Likely Variola Smallpox possibly alongside Measles morbillivirus Measles 9 5 8 million 40 1520 Mexico smallpox epidemic Mexico 1519 1520 Variola virus Smallpox 10 2 5 million 43 1918 1922 Russia typhus epidemic Russia 1918 1922 Rickettsia prowazekii Epidemic typhus Earthquakes edit Main articles Lists of earthquakes Deadliest earthquakes and Earthquake Rank Death toll estimate Event Location Date1 242 419 655 000 44 1976 Tangshan earthquake China July 28 19762 100 000 316 000 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti January 12 20103 250 000 300 000 8 526 Antioch earthquake Byzantine Empire now Turkey May 5264 273 407 13 1920 Haiyuan earthquake Ningxia Republic of China now People s Republic of China December 16 19205 270 000 1303 Hongdong earthquake 45 Mongol Empire now China September 17 13036 260 000 46 115 Antioch earthquake Roman Empire now Turkey December 13 1157 230 000 1138 Aleppo earthquake Zengid dynasty now Syria October 11 11381139 Ganja earthquake Seljuk Empire now Azerbaijan 20 September 11399 227 898 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake Indonesia December 26 200410 200 000 856 Damghan earthquake Abbasid Caliphate now Iran December 22 8561780 Tabriz earthquake Iran January 8 1780Famines edit Main articles List of famines List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll Anthropogenically exacerbated famines and Famine Note Some of these famines may have been caused or partially caused by humans Note This list is ranked by number of deaths Not deaths per capita as in the percentage of the population Rank Death toll Event Location Date1 11 000 000 40 000 000 Great Chinese Famine China 1959 19612 25 000 000 47 Chinese famine of 1906 1907 Qing China 1906 19073 9 000 000 13 000 000 48 Northern Chinese Famine of 1876 1879 1876 18794 11 000 000 Chalisa famine North India 1783 1784Doji bara famine or Skull famine India 1789 17936 10 000 000 Great Bengal famine of 1770 incl Bihar amp Orissa British company India 1769 17737 7 500 000 Great European Famine Europe 1315 13178 7 400 000 Deccan famine of 1630 1632 Mughal Empire now India 1630 16329 5 000 000 8 000 000 Soviet famine of 1932 1933 Soviet Union 1932 193310 5 500 000 Indian Great Famine of 1876 1878 British India 1876 1878Floods edit Main articles List of floods List of deadliest floods List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll Anthropogenically exacerbated floods and Flood Note Some of these floods and landslides may be partially caused by humans for example by failure of dams levees seawalls or retaining walls This list does not include the man made 1938 Yellow River flood caused entirely by a deliberate man made act an act of war destroying dikes Rank Death toll Event Location Date1 422 499 4 000 000 49 1931 China floods China 19312 930 000 2 000 000 1887 Yellow River Huang He flood 18873 230 000 50 1975 Banqiao Dam failure 19754 145 000 1935 Yangtze flood 19355 100 000 St Felix s flood storm surge Holy Roman Empire 15307 100 000 citation needed 1911 Yangtze River flood China 19118 100 000 51 52 53 54 The flood of 1099 Netherlands amp England 10999 50 000 80 000 52 St Lucia s flood storm surge Holy Roman Empire 128710 60 000 North Sea flood storm surge 1212Heat waves edit Main articles List of heat waves and Heat wave Note Measuring the number of deaths caused by a heat wave requires complicated statistical analysis since heat waves tend to cause large numbers of deaths among people weakened by other conditions As a result the number of deaths is only known with any accuracy for heat waves in the modern era in countries with developed healthcare systems Rank Death toll Event Location Date1 72 000 2003 European heat wave Europe 20032 56 000 2010 Russian heat wave Russia 20103 41 072 14 1911 France heat wave France 19114 24 501 61 672 2022 European heat waves Europe 20225 9 500 1901 eastern United States heat wave United States 19016 5 000 10 000 1988 1990 North American drought United States 19887 3 951 2019 European heat waves Europe 20198 3 418 55 2006 European heat wave 20069 2 541 55 1998 Indian heat wave India 199810 2 500 2015 Indian heat wave 2015Impact events edit Main articles Impact event Meteorite fall Meteor shower and Meteor air burst Note While there is only one 56 unreliable fringe source scientific citation needed allegedly verified case of astronomical objects resulting in human fatalities there have been several reported occurrences throughout human history Consequently the fatalities for almost all events listed are considered unofficial citation needed Rank Death toll unofficial Location Date Notes1 75 of Species on earth approx Mexico Casualties all around the globe 66 million years ago Cretaceous Paleogene extinction event2 10 000 citation needed Qingyang Gansu China 1490 1490 Ch ing yang event3 Tens citation needed Changshou District Chongqing China 1639 Ten homes destroyed by a possible meteorite 57 self published source 58 4 10 citation needed China 616 AD A large meteorite fell onto the rebel Lu Ming Yueh s camp destroying a wall attacking tower 58 59 self published source 5 0 3 estimated citation needed Podkamennaya Tunguska River Siberia Russian Empire 1908 Tunguska event 57 unreliable fringe source self published source 6 2 citation needed Malacca ship Indian Ocean 1648 Two sailors were killed on board a ship by a possible meteorite 58 7 1 citation needed Cremona Lombardy Italy 1511 A monk and several animals were killed by stones weighing up to 50 kg 110 lb 58 Milan Lombardy Italy 1633 or 1664 A monk died after being struck on the thigh by a meteorite 58 Gascony France 1790 A farmer was reportedly struck and killed by a meteorite 58 Oriang Malwate India 1825 57 self published source 60 Chin kuei Shan China 1874 A cottage was crushed by a meteorite killing a child 57 self published source 61 Dun le Poelier France 1879 A farmer was killed by a meteorite 57 Sulaymaniyah Ottoman Empire 1888 At around 8 30 pm a shower of meteorites fell like rain on a village in Sulaymaniyah Iraq then part of the Ottoman Empire One man died and another was paralyzed The man s death is considered the only credible case of death by meteorite 56 unreliable fringe source scientific citation needed Zvezvan Yugoslavia 1929 A meteorite hit a bridal party 57 self published source Limnic eruptions edit Main article Limnic eruption Note Only 2 cases in recorded history Rank Death toll Event Location Date1 1 744 Lake Nyos disaster Cameroon August 21 19862 37 Lake Monoun disaster August 15 1984Tornadoes edit Main articles List of tornadoes causing 100 or more deaths and Tornado See also List of deadliest Storm Prediction Center days by outlook risk level Rank Death toll Event Location Date1 1 300 The Daulatpur Saturia tornado Manikganj Bangladesh 19892 751 The Tri State tornado outbreak United States Missouri Illinois Indiana 19253 681 1973 Dhaka tornado Bangladesh 19734 660 1969 East Pakistan tornado East Pakistan now Bangladesh 19695 600 The Valletta Malta tornado Malta 1551 or 15566 500 The 1851 Sicily tornadoes Sicily Two Sicilies now Italy 1851Narail Magura tornado Jessore East Pakistan Pakistan now Bangladesh 1964Madaripur Shibchar tornado Bangladesh 19779 400 The 1984 Soviet Union tornado outbreak Soviet Union Volga Federal District Central Federal District and Northwestern Federal District in Russia 198410 317 The Great Natchez Tornado United States Mississippi Louisiana 1840Tropical cyclones edit See also List of the deadliest tropical cyclones and Tropical cyclone Note Earlier versions of this list have included the so called Bombay Cyclone of 1882 in tenth position but this supposed event has been proven to be a hoax Rank Death toll Event Location Date1 500 000 1970 Bhola cyclone East Pakistan now Bangladesh November 13 19702 300 0001839 Coringa cyclone 9 British India now India November 25 18393 300 000 1737 Calcutta cyclone October 11 17374 229 000 Super Typhoon Nina contributed to Banqiao Dam failure China August 7 19755 200 000 62 Great Backerganj Cyclone of 1876 British Raj now Bangladesh October 31 18766 138 866 1991 Bangladesh cyclone Bangladesh April 29 19917 138 373 Cyclone Nargis Myanmar May 2 20088 100 000 July 1780 typhoon 63 Philippines 17809 60 000 1864 Calcutta cyclone India October 5 186410 50 000 220 000 1912 China typhoon China August 29 1912Tsunamis edit See also List of tsunamis and Tsunami Note A possible tsunami in 1782 that caused about 40 000 deaths in the Taiwan Strait area may have been of meteorological origin a cyclone 64 Rank Death toll Event Location Date1 227 898 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami Indian Ocean December 26 20042 123 000 1 1908 Messina earthquake Italy December 28 19083 36 417 1883 eruption of Krakatoa Indonesia August 27 18834 40 000 50 000 65 1755 Lisbon earthquake Portugal November 1 17555 30 000 100 000 Minoan eruption Greece 2nd Millennium BC6 31 000 1498 Meiō earthquake Japan September 20 14987 30 000 1707 Hōei earthquake October 28 17078 27 122 66 1896 Sanriku earthquake June 15 18969 25 674 1868 Arica earthquake Chile August 13 186810 5 700 67 50 000 68 365 Crete earthquake Greece July 21 365Volcanic eruptions edit Main articles List of volcanic eruptions by death toll and Volcanic eruption Rank Death toll Event Location Date1 71 000 69 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora see also Year Without a Summer Indonesia April 10 18152 36 000 70 1883 eruption of Krakatoa August 27 18833 30 000 71 1902 eruption of Mount Pelee Martinique May 7 19024 23 000 72 Armero tragedy Colombia November 13 19855 15 000 73 1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami Japan May 21 17926 13 000 74 Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD Italy 797 10 000 1586 Kelud eruption Indonesia 15868 6 000 75 1902 Santa Maria eruption Guatemala October 24 19029 5 000 76 1919 Kelud mudflow Indonesia May 19 191910 4 011 77 1822 Galunggung eruption 1822Wildfires edit Main articles List of wildfires and Wildfire See also List of deadliest Storm Prediction Center days by outlook risk level Rank Death toll Event Location Date1 1 200 2 500 Peshtigo fire Wisconsin United States October 8 18712 1 000 Kursha 2 Fire Soviet Union August 3 19363 453 Cloquet fire 78 Minnesota United States October 12 19184 418 476 Great Hinckley Fire September 1 18945 282 Thumb Fire Michigan United States September 5 18816 240 1997 Indonesian forest fires 79 80 Sumatra and Kalimantan Indonesia September 19977 160 300 1825 Miramichi fire Canada October 7 18258 223 Matheson Fire Ontario Canada July 29 19169 211 1987 Black Dragon fire 79 80 China and Soviet Union May 1 198710 173 Black Saturday bushfires 79 80 Australia February 7 2009Winter storms edit Main articles List of blizzards Blizzard and Winter storm Rank Death toll estimate Event Location Date1 4 000 1972 Iran blizzard Iran 19722 3 000 Carolean Death March Norway 17193 926 2008 Afghanistan blizzard Afghanistan 20084 400 Great Blizzard of 1888 United States 18885 353 Great Appalachian Storm of 1950 19506 318 1993 Storm of the Century 19937 299 978 2021 North American winter storm United States and Mexico 20218 286 December 1960 nor easter United States 19609 250 Great Lakes Storm of 1913 United States and Canada Great Lakes region 191310 235 Schoolhouse Blizzard United States 1888See also editList of countries by natural disaster risk List of all known deadly earthquakes since 1900 List of disasters in Canada List of disasters in Indonesia List of disasters in the Philippines List of disasters in Thailand List of natural disasters in the British Isles List of natural disasters in Haiti List of natural disasters in New Zealand List of natural disasters in Pakistan List of natural disasters in the United States Natural disasters in India Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents Global catastrophic risk Other lists organized by death tollList of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll List of accidents and disasters by death toll List of battles by casualties List of disasters in Antarctica by death toll List of disasters in Australia by death toll List of disasters in Canada by death toll List of disasters in Croatia by death toll List of disasters in Great Britain and Ireland by death toll List of disasters in New Zealand by death toll List of disasters in Poland by death toll List of disasters in Romania by death toll List of disasters in the United States by death toll Tsunamis affecting the British IslesNotes edit Estimate by Nova s sources are close to 4 million and yet Encarta s sources report as few as 1 million Expert estimates report 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