List of battles by casualties

The following is a list of the casualties count in battles or offensives in world history. The list includes both sieges (not technically battles but usually yielding similar combat-related or civilian deaths) and civilian casualties during the battles. Large battle casualty counts are usually impossible to calculate precisely, but few in this list may include somewhat precise numbers. Many of these figures, though, are estimates, and, where possible, a range of estimates is presented. Figures display numbers of all types of casualties when available (killed, wounded, missing, and sick) but may only include number killed due to a lack of total data on the event. Where possible, the list specifies whether or not prisoners are included in the count. This list does not include bombing campaigns/runs (such as the attack on Pearl Harbor and the bombing of Tokyo) or massacres such as the Rape of Nanjing, which, despite potentially massive casualties, are not typically classified as "battles", since they are usually one-sided engagements or the nation attacked is not officially at war with the attackers. Tactical or strategic strikes, however, may form part of larger engagements which are themselves battles, small campaigns or offensives.

For wars and events more extensive in scope, such as major offensives or campaigns, see List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll. For natural disasters, see List of natural disasters by death toll.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Sieges and urban combat

This list includes sieges, as well as modern battles fought primarily in urban areas. Major military operations that included city fighting are listed below. It is sorted by year.

Siege	Year	Conflict	Casualties
			(High est.)	(Low est.)
Siege of Tyre (332 BC)	332 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	39,000 (Including 13,000 enslaved civilians and 2000 executed persians soldiers)	34,000
Siege of Gaza	332 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	14,000	11,000
Siege of Athens and Piraeus	87–86 BC	Mithridatic Wars (First Mithridatic War)	400,000 (including prisoners)	200,000^[1]
Siege of Alesia	52 BC	Gallic Wars	200,000	100,000
Siege of Constantinople	717–718	Arab–Byzantine wars	170,000	130,000^[2]
Siege of Yongzhou	1076	Lý-Song War	140,000^[3]	78,000^[4]
Siege of Nicaea	1097	First Crusade	11,000	4,000
Siege of Ma'arra	1098	First Crusade	45,000 including civilians and soldiers executed and Cannibalized	25,000
Siege of Antioch	1097-1099	First Crusade	74,000	50,000
Siege of Jerusalem	1099	First Crusade	90,000	70,000
Siege of Tripoli	1099-1102	First Crusade	90,000	105,000
Siege of Gurganj	1221	Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire	1,200,000	90,000
Siege of Baghdad	1258	Mongol invasions and conquests	2,000,000^[5]	90,000^[6]^[7]
Siege of Acre (1291)	1291	Fall of Outremer	20,000	10,000
Siege of Constantinople (1453)	1453	Byzantine–Ottoman wars	54,000+	34,000+
Siege of Tenochtitlan	1521	Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire	240,000	100,000^[8]^[9]
Siege of Rhodes	1522	Ottoman wars in Europe	55,200^[10]	55,200
Siege of Szigetvár	1566	Ottoman wars in Europe	33,000	23,000
Siege of Chittorgarh	1567–1568	Mughal-Rajput Wars (1558–1576)	40,000	35,000
Siege of Ostend	1601–1604	Eighty Years' War	115,000	90,000
Siege of Osaka	1614-1615	Edo Period	500,000	110,000
Siege of La Rochelle	1627-1628	Huguenot rebellions	35,000	27,000
Sack of Magdeburg	1631	Thirty Years' War	30,000	27,000
Capture of Maastricht	1632	Eighty Years' War	14,000	9,500
Siege of Candia	1648–1669	Cretan War	149,739	149,739
First siege of Anandpur	1700	Hill States-Sikh Wars	150,000+	150,000+
Siege of Toulon	1795	War of the First Coalition	21,400	7,400
Siege of Mantua	1796–1797	War of the First Coalition	51,000	51,000
Siege of Danzig (1807)	1807	War of the Fourth Coalition	17,900	17,900
Second Siege of Zaragoza	1808–1809	Peninsular War	64,000^[11]	64,000
First Siege of Sevastopol	1854–1855	Crimean War	230,000^[12]	230,000
Third Battle of Nanking	1864	Taiping Rebellion	100,000^[13]	100,000
Siege of Petersburg	1864–1865	American Civil War	70,000^[14]	70,000
Siege of Vicksburg	1863	American Civil War	36,000	20,000
Battle of Gettysburg	1863	American Civil War	50,000	50,000
Siege of Paris	1871	Franco-Prussian War	332,142	229,000
Siege of Plevna	1877	Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)	75,000^[15]	75,000
Siege of Port Arthur	1904–1905	Russo-Japanese War	100,000^[16]	100,000
Siege of Adrianople	1912–1913	First Balkan War	93,282^[17]	93,282
Siege of Liege	1914	World War I	25,300	6,000
Siege of Przemyśl	1914	World War I	253,000	253,000
Siege of Antwerp	1914	World War I	58,000	36,000
Siege of Kut	1915-1916	World War I	50,000	36,000
Battle of Taiyuan	1937	World War II	130,000^[18]	130,000
Battle of Xinkou	1937	World War II	200,000^[citation needed]	200,000
Battle of Shanghai	1937	World War II	398,800^[19]^[20]	330,193^[21]
First Battle of Changsha	1939	World War II	80,000+	80,000+^[22]
Battle of Nanchang	1939	World War II	75,328^[23]	75,328
Battle of Dunkirk	1940	World War II	88,000^[24]	88,000
Battle of South Shanxi	1941	World War II	120,000+	120,000+^[25]
Siege of Tobruk	1941	World War II	18,600	16,500
Siege of Odessa	1941	World War II	133,813^[26]	133,813
Battle of Kiev	1941	World War II	761,783^[26]	761,783
Second Siege of Sevastopol	1941–1942	World War II	236,437	236,437
Third Battle of Changsha	1942	World War II	84,862^[27]	84,862
First Battle of Voronezh	1942	World War II	662,847	662,847
Battle of Stalingrad	1942–1943	World War II	2,500,000^[28]^[29]	1,250,000^[30]
Battle of Changde	1943	World War II	100,000	100,000^[31]
Battle of West Hubei	1943	World War II	115,830	115,830^[32]
Siege of Leningrad	1941–1944	World War II	5,500,000^[33]	1,117,000^[34]^[35]
Warsaw Uprising	1944	World War II	200,000+	200,000+^[36]
Siege of Budapest	1944–1945	World War II	422,000	422,000^[37]
Battle of Berlin	1945	World War II	1,286,367 (including civilians)^[citation needed]	203,000 (including civilians)^[38]
Battle of Okinawa	1945	World War II	240,000	130,000
Battle of Manila	1945	World War II	500,000^[39]^[40]	100,000^[41]^[42]
Battle of the Bulge	1944–1945	World War II	218,900	161,370^[43]
Siege of Changchun	1948^[44]	Chinese Civil War	425,000^[45]	78,808^[46]^[47]^[48]
Siege of Basra	1987	Iran–Iraq War	85,000	85,000
First Battle of Grozny	1994–1995	First Chechen War	33,192	32,000
Battle of Aleppo	2012–2016	Syrian Civil War	45,000^[49]	31,273^[50]
Battle of Mosul	2016–2017	War in Iraq (2013–2017)	71,355^[51]^[52]^[53]	18,200^[54]
Siege of Mariupol	2022	Russian Invasion of Ukraine	85,200^[55]^[56]^[57]	10,348^[58]^[59]^[56]
Battle of Bakhmut	2022–	Russian Invasion of Ukraine	160,000+^[60]	45,000

Major operations

This list includes major operations and prolonged battles or operations fought over a large area or for a long time. The durations of some operations, like the Battle of Moscow, are disputed; so numbers found in various sources may differ for that reason alone.

Operation	Year	Conflict	Casualties
Flanders and Rhine campaign	#1713	War of the Spanish Succession	0,190,442 190,442^[citation needed]
Ulm Campaign	#1805	War of the Third Coalition	0,062,000 62,000
French invasion of Russia	#1812	Napoleonic Wars	0,920,000 920,000–1,040,000^[61]
German Campaign	#1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	0,745,000 745,000
Six Days' Campaign	#1814	War of the Sixth Coalition	0,080,000 80,000^[62]
Hundred Days	#1815	War of the Seventh Coalition	0,241,525 241,525
Peninsula Campaign	#1862	American Civil War	0,036,463 36,463^[63]
Battle of Chancellorsville	#1863	American Civil War	0,030,000 30,000^[64]–30,500^[65]
Overland Campaign	#1864	American Civil War	0,087,000 87,000^[66]–92,000^[11]
Appomattox Campaign	#1865	American Civil War	0,016,500 16,500^[14]
Battle of Liaoyang	#1904	Russo-Japanese War	0,016,500 33,100
Battle of Shaho	#1904	Russo-Japanese War	0,016,500 62,500
Battle of Mukden	#1905	Russo-Japanese War	0,160,000 160,000^[67]
Battle of Sandepu	#1905	Russo-Japanese War	0,022,400 22,400
Battle of Lule Burgas	#1912	First Balkan War	0,042,162 42,162+^[68]
First Battle of Çatalca	#1912	First Balkan War	0,022,000 22,000^[69]
Battle of Bregalnica	#1913	Second Balkan War	0,036,620 36,620^[17]
Battle of Kilkis-Lachanas	#1913	Second Balkan War	0,015,700 15,700
Serbian campaign	#1914-1915	World War I	0,790,000 790,000-1,247,000+
Battle of the Frontiers	#1914	World War I	0,664,191 664,191
Battle of Tannenberg	#1914	World War I	0,145,000 145,000^[70]–160,000^[71]
Battle of Galicia	#1914	World War I	0,700,000 645,000–700,000
Battle of Cer	#1914	World War I	0,058,50058,500-65,500
First Battle of the Marne	#1914	World War I	0,513,000 513,000^[72]
First Battle of the Aisne	#1914	World War I	0,263,541 263,541+
Battle of the Yser	#1914	World War I	0,018,500 18,500+
First Battle of Ypres	#1914	World War I	0,210,000 210,000^[73]
Battle of Łódź	#1914	World War I	0,130,000 130,000^[74]
Battle of the Drina	#1914	World War I	0,070,000 70,000
Battle of the Vistula River	#1914	World War I	0,214,480 214,480
Battle of Limanowa	#1914	World War I	0,251,120 251,120
First Battle of Champagne	#1914–1915	World War I	0,139,532 139,532
Battle of Sarikamish	#1914–1915	World War I	0,060,000 60,000—85,000^[75]
Carpathian Front	#1915	World War I	0,930,751 930,751
Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes	#1915	World War I	0,216,200 216,200
Second Battle of Ypres	#1915	World War I	0,104,208 104,208^[76]–107,000^[77]
Gallipoli Campaign	#1915	World War I	0,503,000 503,000^[76]–552,000^[78]
Second Battle of Artois	#1915	World War I	0,186,000 186,000^[76]
Second Battle of Champagne–Third Battle of Artois	#1915	World War I	0,075,000 75,000^[77]–440,000^[76]
Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive	#1915	World War I	0,300,000 300,000–1,087,000^[76]
Great Retreat (Russian)	#1915	World War I	1,943,800 1,943,800+
Serbian Campaign (1915)	#1915	World War I	0,331,000 331,000, including prisoners^[79]
Erzurum offensive	#1916	World War I	0,080,000 80,000—85,000^[75]
Battle of Verdun	#1916	World War I	0,755,000 755,000^[80]–976,000^[76]
Battle of Asiago	#1916	World War I	0,250,000 250,000^[76]
Brusilov offensive	#1916	World War I	1,600,000 1,600,000^[76]
Battle of the Somme	#1916	World War I	1,120,000 1,120,000^[81]–1,215,000^[76]
Monastir Offensive	#1916	World War I	0,111,000 111,000^[82]
Romanian Campaign	#1916–1917	World War I	0,240,000 240,000^[76]^[dubious ]–933,000, including prisoners
Nivelle Offensive	#1917	World War I	0,354,000 354,000^[83]
Second Battle of the Aisne	#1917	World War I	0,350,000 350,000–463,000
Battle of Arras	#1917	World War I	0,288,000 278,000–288,000
Battle of Messines	#1917	World War I	0,042,000 42,000^[84]^[85]
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo	#1917	World War I	0,200,000 200,000^[86]
Third Battle of Ypres	#1917	World War I	0,585,000 585,000+^[87]
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo	#1917	World War I	0,273,000 273,000
Battle of Caporetto	#1917	World War I	0,060,000 60,000^[88]
Battle of Cambrai	#1917	World War I	0,095,000 95,000^[88]
German spring offensive	#1918	World War I	1,539,000 1,539,000^[89]
Operation Michael	#1918	World War I	0,494,616 494,616
Battle of the Lys	#1918	World War I	0,228,340 204,300–228,340
Third Battle of the Aisne	#1918	World War I	0,257,000 257,000
Second Battle of the Piave River	#1918	World War I	0,131,494 131,494 killed and wounded, 73,729 prisoners
Second Battle of the Marne	#1918	World War I	0,288,000 288,000^[89]
Battle of Soissons (1918)	#1918	World War I	0,287,259 287,259
Hundred Days Offensive	#1918	World War I	2,240,000 2,240,000^[89]
Meuse–Argonne offensive	#1918	World War I	0,318,000 318,000
Battle of Warsaw	#1920	Polish–Soviet War	0,130,000 About 130,000, not including prisoners^[90]
Invasion of Manchuria	#1931	Second Sino-Japanese War	0,035,000 35,000^[citation needed]
Battle of Guadalajara	#1937	Spanish Civil War	0,012,000 12,000^[91]
Battle of Teruel	#1937–1938	Spanish Civil War	0,110,000 110,000, including prisoners^[92]
Battle of the Ebro	#1938	Spanish Civil War	0,106,500 106,500^[92]
Battle of Xuzhou	#1938	World War II	0,130,000 130,000^[93]
1938 Yellow River Flood	#1938	World War II	0,800,000 800,000^[94]
Battle of Wuhan	1938	World War II	0,540,000 540,000^[95]
Battles of Khalkhin Gol	#1939	Soviet–Japanese border conflicts	0,042,000 42,000–75,000^[96]^[97]
Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang	#1939	World War II	0,049,000 49,000
Invasion of Poland	#1939	World War II	0,310,000 310,000^[98]–914,000^[99]
Battle of the Bzura	1939	World War II	0,232,000 232,000^[100]–234,000^[100]
Winter Offensive	#1939–1940	World War II	0,100,000 100,000+^[101]
Operation Weserübung	#1940	World War II	0,012,800 12,800^[98]
Battle of France	#1940	World War II	0,469,000 469,000^[102]
Battle of Britain	1940	World War II	0,040,000 40,000^[103]
Hundred Regiments Offensive	#1940	Second Sino-Japanese War	0,062,900 62,900^[104]
Battle of Keren	#1941	World War II	0,012,600 12,600+ killed
Battle of Greece	#1941	World War II	0,046,295 46,295^[105]
Battle of Shanggao	#1941	World War II	0,042,000 42,000
Battle of Crete	#1941	World War II	0,016,007 16,007^[106]
Operation Barbarossa	#1941	World War II	4,400,000 4,400,000^[107]–5,318,000^[108]
Battle of Białystok–Minsk	#1941	World War II	0,429,886 429,886 including prisoners^[109]
Battle of Smolensk (1941)	#1941	World War II	0,595,606 595,606 killed, captured, and missing 300,000 Soviet prisoners
Battle of Uman	#1941	World War II	0,223,853 223,853
Battle of Kiev (1941)	#1941	World War II	0,761,783 761,783 killed, captured, and missing
Battle of Bryansk (1941)	#1941	World War II	0,700,000 700,000 Soviet killed, captured and missing German casualties unknown.
Battle of Moscow	#1941	World War II	1,000,000 1,000,000^[107]
Battle of Hong Kong	#1941	World War II	0,018,000 18,000 including prisoners^[110]
Battle of Malaya/Battle of Singapore	#1941–1942	World War II	0,143,800 143,800, and 60,000 prisoners^[111]
Battle of Bataan/Battle of Corregidor	#1942	World War II	0,030,000 30,000 killed^[112]
Battle of Lyuban	#1942	World War II	0,365,135 365,135
Battle of the Kerch Peninsula	#1942	World War II	0,176,000 176,000+^[113]
Demyansk Pocket	#1942	World War II	0,300,000 300,000
Second Battle of Kharkov	#1942	World War II	0,300,000 300,000^[113]
Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign	#1942	World War II	0,356,000 356,000^[114]
Battle of Gazala	#1942	World War II	0,148,000 148,000^[115]
First Battle of El Alamein	#1942	World War II	0,030,000 30,000
Kokoda Track campaign	#1942	World War II	0,013,000 13,000
Case Blue	#1942	World War II	1,400,000 1,400,000
Battle of the Caucasus	#1942–1942	World War II	0,625,000 625,000
Guadalcanal Campaign	#1942–1943	World War II	0,029,100 29,100^[116]–31,100^[117]
Battles of Rzhev	#1942–1943	World War II	3,080,000 2,900,000–3,080,000
Second Battle of El Alamein	#1942	World War II	0,039,400 39,400^[115]–82,500^[118]
Operation Iskra	#1943	World War II	0,129,332 129,332^[119]
Battle of Kursk	#1943	World War II	1,028,314 1,028,314^[120]^[121]–1,403,000^[122]^[121]
Operation Kutuzov	#1943	World War II	0,516,344 516,344
Allied invasion of Sicily	#1943	World War II	0,036,000 36,000+ killed, and over 100,000 Italian POWs^[123]
Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation	#1943	World War II	0,280,634 202,654–280,634
Battle of Smolensk (1943)	#1943	World War II	0,522,059 522,059
Dnieper Campaign	#1943	World War II	1,582,000 1,582,000 (lowest est.) – 2,480,000 (highest est.)
Operation Husky	#1943	World War II	0,016,000 16,000
Allied invasion of Italy	#1943	World War II	0,017,092 17,092^[124]
Bougainville Campaign	#1943–1945	World War II	0,021,929 21,929 killed, and 23,571 Japanese prisoners^[125]
Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive	#1943–1944	World War II	1,442,956 1,442,956
Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive	#1944	World War II	0,385,604 385,604
Battle of Monte Cassino	#1944	World War II	0,185,000 185,000^[126]
Battle of Narva	#1944	World War II	0,550,000 550,000 all causes^[127]
Operation Shingle	#1944	World War II	0,052,200 52,200 killed^[128]
First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive	#1944	World War II	0,195,000 195,000^[129]
Ichi-Go	#1944	World War II	1,300,000 1,300,000+^[130]
Battle of Normandy	#1944	World War II	0,650,600 650,600^[131]^[132]–795,400^[133]^[132]
Operation Dragoon	#1944	World War II	0,169,600 169,600
Battle of Saipan	#1944	World War II	0,043,500 43,500 killed, including mass suicides^[134]
Operation Bagration	#1944	World War II	1,430,000 1,430,000^[135]
Lvov–Sandomierz offensive	#1944	World War II	0,463,129 463,129
Falaise Pocket	#1944	World War II	0,140,000 140,000^[136]
Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive	#1944	World War II	0,485,424 485,424, including prisoners^[137]
Operation Market Garden	#1944	World War II	0,027,200 27,200^[138]
Moro River Campaign	#1944	World War II	0,020,000 20,000
Baltic offensive	#1944	World War II	0,280,120 280,120 Soviet casualties; German casualties unknown
Battle of Aachen	#1944	World War II	0,021,000 21,000
Gothic Line	#1944-1945	World War II	0,092,000 92,000
Battle of Hürtgen Forest	#1944–1945	World War II	0,063,000 63,000^[139]
Courland Pocket	#1944–1945	World War II	0,278,819 278,819
Battle of Leyte Gulf	#1944	World War II	0,012,000 12,000 killed^[140]
Battle of the Bulge	#1944–1945	World War II	0,161,370 161,370^[43]^[141]–218,900
Vistula–Oder Offensive	#1945	World War II	0,636,191 636,191 including prisoners
Battle of Luzon	#1945	World War II	0,345,330 332,330–345,330, including sick^[142]
Battle of the Rhineland	#1945	World War II	0,082,000 82,000 and 250,000 prisoners^[143]
Battle of Iwo Jima	#1945	World War II	0,044,821 44,821^[144]–48,700^[145]
East Prussian Offensive	#1945	World War II	0,806,778 806,778 including prisoners
Battle of Okinawa	#1945	World War II	0,113,920 113,920^[146]–158,400^[147]
Burma campaigns	#1942–1945	World War II	0,700,000 700,000^[148]
Battle of West Hunan	#1945	World War II	0,050,000 50,000
Second Guangxi campaign	#1945	World War II	1,000,000 1,000,000^[citation needed]
Liaoshen campaign	#1948	Chinese Civil War	0,542,000 542,000, including captured^[149]
Huaihai campaign	#1948	Chinese Civil War	0,689,000 689,000, including captured^[150]
Pingjin campaign	#1948–1949	Chinese Civil War	0,560,000 560,000, including captured^[151]
Shanghai Campaign	#1949	Chinese Civil War	0,213,073 213,073^[152]
Battle of Inchon	#1950	Korean War	0,017,429 17,429^[153]
Invasion of North Korea	#1950	Korean War	0,051,700 51,700^[154]
Battle of Chosin Reservoir	#1950	Korean War	0,066,000 66,000
Battle of Dien Bien Phu	#1954	First Indochina War	0,031,500 31,500, not including prisoners^[155]
Tet Offensive	#1968	Vietnam War	0,065,000 65,000^[156]
Operation OAU	#1968	Nigerian Civil War	0,030,000 30,000^[156]
Easter Offensive	#1972	Vietnam War	0,150,000 150,000^[156]
Operation Dawn 5	#1984	Iran–Iraq War	0,075,000 75,000
Battle of the Marshes	#1984	Iran–Iraq War	0,055,000 55,000
Russian invasion of Ukraine	2022–	Russo-Ukrainian War	0,300,000300,000^[157]–500,000^[158]
2023 Israel–Hamas war	2023–	Israeli–Palestinian conflict	12,000 12,000+

Classical formation battles

These refer to battles in which armies met on a single field of battle and fought each other for anywhere from one to several days. This type of battle died out in favor of grander military operations.

Battle	Year	Conflict	Casualties
Battle of Thymbra	!9452 547 BC	Lydian–Persian War	0,100,001 100,000^[159]
Battle of Marathon	!-500000 490 BC	Greco-Persian Wars	0,005,001 5,000–8,000^[160]
Battle of Thermopylae	!9519 480 BC	Greco-Persian Wars	0,022,300 22,500^[161]
Battle of Plataea	!9520 479 BC	Greco-Persian War	0,051,500 51,500^[161]–257,000^[162]
Battle of Mycale	!9520 479 BC	Greco-Persian War	0,051,500 70,000
Battle of the Granicus	!9665 334 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	0,007,000 Around 7,000^[163]
Battle of Issus	!9666 333 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	0,020,001 20,000-40,000^[164]
Battle of Gaugamela	!9668 331 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	0,053,500 53,500^[165]
Battle of the Hydaspes	!9673 326 BC	Wars of Alexander the Great	0,023,310 23,310^[165]
Battle of Sentinum	!9704 295 BC	Third Samnite War	0,033,701 33,700^[166]
Battle of Heraclea	!9719 280 BC	Pyrrhic War	0,011,001 11,000–26,000^[166]
Battle of Asculum	!9719 279 BC	Pyrrhic War	0,011,001 9,500+
Battle of Beneventum	!9719 275 BC	Pyrrhic War	0,011,001 20,000
Battle of Kalinga	!9737 262 BC	Kalinga-Maurya Empire	0,250,001 250,000+ (including civilians) ^[167]
Battle of Changping	!9739 260 BC	Warring States period	0,700,000 700,000 (ancient source & includes prisoners)^[168]
Battle of the Trebia	!9781 218 BC	Second Punic War	0,035,000 35,000^[169]
Battle of Lake Trasimene	!9782 217 BC	Second Punic War	0,030,001 30,000^[169]
Battle of Cannae	!9783 216 BC	Second Punic War	0,056,001 50,000+^[170]
Battle of the Metaurus	!9792 207 BC	Second Punic War	0,012,000 12,000^[171]
Battle of Julu	!9661 207 BC	Chu Han Contention	0,400,000 400,000+ (including prisoners)
Battle of Utica	!9792 203 BC	Second Punic War	0,012,000 +45,000
Battle of Zama	!9797 202 BC	Second Punic War	0,021,500 21,500^[171]
Battle of Cynoscephalae	!9809 197 BC	Second Macedonian War	0,053,350 23,700
Battle of Magnesia	!9809 190 BC	Roman–Seleucid War	0,053,350 53,350^[172]
Battle of Pydna	!9831 168 BC	Third Macedonian War	0,021,000 21,000^[172]
Battle of Arausio	!9894 105 BC	Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War)	0,084,000 85,000^[173]^[174]^[175]
Battle of Aquae Sextiae	!9894 102 BC	Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War)	0,084,000 90,000^[176]
Battle of Chaeronea	!9894 86 BC	Mithridatic Wars (First Mithridatic War)	0,084,000 50,000^[177]
Battle of the Colline Gate	!9894 82 BC	Sulla's civil war	0,084,000 50,000^[178]
Battle of the Silarius River	!9894 71 BC	Third Servile War	0,084,000 11,000
Battle of Tigranocerta	!9894 69 BC	Mithridatic Wars (Third Mithridatic War)	0,084,000 10,000+^[179]
Battle of Bibracte	!9946 58 BC	Gallic Wars	0,024,000 12,000+^[180]
Battle of Axona	!9946 57 BC	Gallic Wars	0,024,000 11,000+
Battle of Carrhae	!9946 53 BC	Roman–Persian Wars	0,024,000 24,000^[181]
Battle of Pharsalus	!9951 48 BC	Caesar's Civil War	0,017,000 17,000^[182]
Battle of Philippi	!9957 42 BC	Liberators' civil war	0,024,000 24,000^[183]
Battle of Actium	!9968 31 BC	Final War of the Roman Republic	0,007,500 7,500+^[184]
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest	!9 #000AD 9	Roman–Germanic wars	0,020,000 20,000^[185]
Battle of Idistaviso	!9 #000AD 16	Roman–Germanic wars	0,020,000 20,000+^[186]
Battle of Watling Street	!61 #00AD 61	Iceni Revolt	0,080,400 80,400^[187]
Battle of Mons Graupius	!84 #00AD 84	Roman conquest of Britain	0,010,360 10,360^[188]
Battle of Carnuntum	!84 #00AD 170	Marcomannic Wars	0,010,360 20,000+
Battle of Guandu	#0200	Three Kingdoms	0,078,001 78,000^[189]
Battle of Red Cliffs	#0208	Three Kingdoms	0,100,001 100,000^[189]
Battle of Barbalissos	#0252	Perso-Roman wars of 337–361	0,060,000 60,000+^[190]
Battle of Edessa	#0260	Perso-Roman wars of 337–361	0,050,000 65,000+^[191]
Battle of Adrianople	#0378	Gothic War	0,040,000 40,000+^[192]
Battle of Fei River	#0383	Wu Hu Era	0,150,001 150,000+^[193]
Battle of the Catalaunian Plains	#0451	Hunnic Invasion	0,150,001 165,000 (ancient source)^[194]
Battle of Dara	#0530	Iberian War	0,150,001 8,000+^[195]
Battle of Salsu	#0612	Goguryeo–Sui War	0,302,300 302,300(ancient source)^[196]
Battle of al-Qadisiyyah	#0636	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,031,000 31,000^[197]
Battle of Muzayyah	#0633	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,010,000 10,000
Battle of Ullais	#0633	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,035,000 35,000^[198]
Battle of River	#0633	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,015,001 15,000+^[199]
Battle of Walaja	#0636	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,022,000 22,000^[200]
Battle of Nahavand	#0642	Muslim conquest of Persia	0,028,500 28,500^[201]
Battle of Yarmouk	#0636	Muslim conquest of the Levant	0,070,001 70,000^[2]
Battle of Marj Ardabil	#0730	Second Arab-Khazar War	0,070,001 25,000+
Battle of Tours	#0732	Umayyad invasion of Gaul	0,013,001 13,000^[202]
Battle of Talas	#0751	Muslim conquest of Transoxiana	0,013,001 50,000+
Battle of Pliska	#0811	Byzantine–Bulgarian wars	0,013,001 29,000
Battle of Ashdown	#0871	Viking activity in the British Isles	0,013,001 9,000
Battle of Lechfeld	#0955	Hungarian invasions of Europe	0,013,001 15,000
Battle of Arcadiopolis (970)	#0970	Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria	0,013,001 27,000
Battle of the Gates of Trajan	#0986	Byzantine–Bulgarian wars	0,013,001 27,000
Battle of Kleidion	#01014	Byzantine–Bulgarian wars	0,013,001 45,000
Battle of Gwiju	#1019	Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War	0,090,000 90,000+
Battle of Stamford Bridge	#1066	Viking invasions of England	0,006,000 13,000
Battle of Hastings	#1066	Norman Conquest	0,006,000 Around 6,000 ^[203]
Battle of Manzikert	#01071	Byzantine-Seljuk Wars	0,150,000 25,000
Battle of Nhu Nguyet river	#01077	Lý–Song War	0,150,000 150,000^[204]^[205]
Battle of Civetot	#1096	People's Crusade	0,025,851 50,000+
Battle of Dorylaeum	#1097	First Crusade	0,025,851 7,000+
Battle of Ascalon	#1099	First Crusade	0,025,851 13,000+
Battle of Ager Sanguinis	#1119	Crusades	0,025,851 12,000
Battle of Azaz (1125)	#1125	Crusades	0,025,851 6,000+
Battle of Crug Mawr	#1135	Norman invasion of Wales	0,025,851 13,000
Battle of Montgisard	#1177	Ayyubid–Crusader War	0,025,851 Around 25,850
Battle of Hattin	#1187	Ayyubid–Crusader War	0,017,001 17,000–20,000^[206]
Battle of Arsuf	#1191	Third Crusade	0,017,001 8,000+
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa	#1212	Reconquista	0,060,001 60,000^[207]
Battle of Yehuling	#1212	Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty	0,050,000 Around 150,000
Battle of Muret	#1213	Albigensian Crusade	0,050,000 Around 16,500
Battle of Bouvines	#1214	Anglo-French War	0,050,000 )9,000
Battle of Parwan	#1221	Mongol Invasion of Central Asia	#65,000+
Battle of the Kalka River	#1223	Mongol invasion of Rus'	#Around 50,000^[208]
Battle of Legnica	#1241	Mongol invasion of Poland	0,030,001 30,000^[209]
Battle of Mohi	#1241	Mongol invasion of Europe	0,015,001 15,000^[210]
Battle of Mansurah	#1250	Seventh Crusade	0,015,001 21,000
Battle of Ain Jalut	#1260	Mongol invasions of the Levant	0,015,001 21,000
Third battle of Bach Dang river	#1288	Mongol invasion of Vietnam	0,085,000 85,000^[211]
Battle of Jaran Manjur	#1298	Mongol invasions of India	0,020,001 20,000+
Battle of Yamen	#1279	Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty	0,100,001 100,000
Battle of Kili	#1299	Mongol invasion of India	0,100,001 130,000
Battle of Amroha	#1305	Mongol invasion of India	0,100,001 34,000
Battle of Bannockburn	#1314	First War of Scottish Independence	0,019,001 19,000^[212]
Battle of Maritsa	#1389	Serbian-Ottoman wars	0,100,001 57,000
Battle of Kulikovo	#1380	List of Mongol and Tatar raids against Rus'	0,136,001 136,000
Battle of Roosebeke	#1382	Hundred Years' War	0,027,601 27,600
Battle of Kosovo	#1389	Serbian-Ottoman wars	0,100,001 60,000
Battle of the Terek River	#1395	Tokhtamysh–Timur war	0,100,001 100,000^[213]
Battle of Nicopolis	#1396	Ottoman wars in Europe	0,100,001 30,000
Conquest of Delhi	#1398	Timur's Indian campaign	0,100,001 100,000^[214]^[215]
Battle of Ankara	#1402	Ottoman–Timur War	0,015,000 15,000+^[216]
Battle of Grunwald	#1410	Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War	0,013,001 13,000^[217]
Battle of Agincourt	#1415	Hundred Years' War	0,014,000 14,000^[citation needed]
Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động	#1426	Lam Sơn uprising	0,030,000 30,000^[218]
Battle of Zlatitsa	#1443	Crusade of Varna	0,020,00116,000+
Battle of Varna	#1444	Crusade of Varna	0,020,00160,000+
Tumu Crisis	#1449	Ming–Mongol War	0,200,001 200,000+^[citation needed]
Battle of Castillon	#1453	Hundred Years' War	0,200,001 4,000^[219]
Battle of Chojnice (1454)	#1454	Thirteen Years' War	0,200,001 9,000
Battle of Towton	#1461	Wars of the Roses	0,028,000 28,000^[220]
Second Battle of St Albans	#1461	Wars of the Roses	0,028,000 2,000^[221]
Night Attack at Târgoviște	#1462	Wallachian-Ottoman Wars	0,020,000 20,000^[222]
Battle of Vaslui	#1475	Moldavian-Ottoman Wars	0,040,000 40,000+^[citation needed]
Battle of Valea Albă	#1476	Moldavian–Ottoman Wars	0,030,000 30,000+^[citation needed]
Battle of Kabul	#1504	Campaigns of Babur	0,020,001 20,000+^[223]
Battle of Ravenna	#1512	War of the League of Cambrai	0,013,500 13,500^[224]
Battle of Orsha	#1514	Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512-1522)	0,011,000 21,000–45,000
Battle of Marignano	#1515	War of the League of Cambrai	0,011,000 11,000–15,000^[225]
Battle of Ridaniya	#1517	Ottoman wars in the Near East	0,013,000 13,000^[10]
La Noche Triste	#1520	Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire	0,013,000 +4800
Battle of Pavia	#1525	Italian War of 1521–1526	0,020,001 13,000
First Battle of Panipat	#1526	Mughal Conquest	0,020,001 20,000–50,000^[226]
Battle of Mohács	#1526	Ottoman–Hungarian wars	0,030,000 Probably 30,000^[227]
Battle of Ghaghra	#1529	Mughal Conquest	0,013,001 13,000^[228]
Battle of Molodi	#1572	Russo-Crimean Wars	0,029,000 29,000–33,000 or 100,000^[229]
Battle of Nagashino	#1575	Sengoku period	0,018,000 18,000^[230]^: 80–82
Battle of Alcácer Quibir	#1578	Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts	0,018,000 19,000
Battle of Chungju	#1592	Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)	0,008,000 8,000–16,000^[231] 100,000^[232]^[233]
Battle of Călugăreni	#1595	Long War (Ottoman War)	0,011,000 11,000–16,000^[citation needed]
Battle of Keresztes	#1596	Long Turkish War	0,018,000 30,000
Battle of Sacheon (1598)	#1598	Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)	0,030,000 30,000^[234]
Battle of Sekigahara	#1600	Sengoku period	0,030,000 30,000+^[235]
Battle of Nieuwpoort	#1600	Eighty Years' War	0,030,000 +6,700
Battle of Kircholm	#1605	Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)	0,030,000 8,400
Battle of Klushino	#1610	Polish–Muscovite War	0,030,000 5,400
Battle of Wisternitz	#1619	Thirty Years' War	0,030,000 6,700
Battle of White Mountain	#1620	Thirty Years' War	0,030,000 3,450
Battle of Shen-Liao	#1620	Qing conquest of the Ming	0,030,000 75,000
Battle of Rohilla	#1621	Early Mughal-Sikh Wars	14,000
Battle of Wolgast	#1628	Thirty Years' War	0,030,000 2,500
First Battle of Breitenfeld	#1631	Thirty Years' War	0,027,150 27,150^[236]
Battle of Lahira	#1631	Early Mughal-Sikh Wars	0,027,150 36,773^[237]
Battle of Fürth	#1632	Thirty Years' War	0,011,160 5,000
Battle of Lützen	#1632	Thirty Years' War	0,011,160 11,160^[238]
Battle of Amritsar	#1634	Early Mughal-Sikh Wars	7,000
Battle of Nördlingen	#1634	Thirty Years' War	0,017,000 17,000^[239]
Battle of Kartarpur	#1635	Early Mughal-Sikh Wars	0,017,000 50,700-97,000^[240]^[241]
Battle of the Downs	#1639	Eighty Years' War	0,015,000 15,000+^[242]
Battle of Song-Jin	#1641	Qing conquest of the Ming	0,060,001 60,000^[citation needed]
Second Battle of Breitenfeld	#1642	Thirty Years' War	0,014,000 14,000^[243]
Battle of Rocroi	#1643	Thirty Years' War	0,019,000 19,000^[244]
Battle of Freiburg	#1644	Thirty Years' War	0,019,000 12,000
Battle of Jankau	#1645	Thirty Years' War	0,015,500 15,500^[245]
Battle of Lens	#1648	Thirty Years' War	0,015,500 9,500
Battle of Zusmarshausen	#1648	Thirty Years' War	0,015,500 5,000
Battle of Berestechko	#1651	Khmelnytsky Uprising	0,030,200 30,000–40,000^[246]
Battle of Samugarh	#1658	Mughal Conquest	0,032,000 32,000^[242]
Battle of Khajwa	#1659	Mughal Conquest	0,020,000 20,000^[242]
Battle of Lund	#1676	Scanian War	0,014,000 14,000^[247]
Battle of Vienna	#1683	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	0,019,500 19,500^[248]
Battle of Fleurus	#1690	War of the Grand Alliance	0,028,000 10,600−28,000^[249]^[250]
Battle of Landen	#1693	War of the Grand Alliance	0,028,000 28,000^[251]
Battle of Zenta	#1697	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	0,030,300 30,300^[252]
Battle of Jinji	#1698	Mughal Conquest	0,016,000 16,000^[251]
Battle of Narva	#1700	Great Northern War	0,019,900 19,900^[253]^[254]
Battle of Schellenberg	#1704	War of the Spanish Succession	0,032,000 11,000^[251]
Battle of Blenheim	#1704	War of the Spanish Succession	0,032,000 32,000^[251]
Battle of Almansa	#1707	War of the Spanish Succession	0,032,000 22,000
Battle of Fraustadt	#1706	Great Northern War	0,016,500 16,500^[255]
Battle of Ramillies	#1706	War of the Spanish Succession	0,015,600 15,600^[256]
Battle of Lesnaya	#1708	Great Northern War	0,011,000 11,000^[257]^[258]
Battle of Poltava	#1709	Great Northern War	0,014,300 14,300^[259]
Battle of Malplaquet	#1709	War of the Spanish Succession	0,095,000 95,000^[256]
Battle of Helsingborg	#1710	Great Northern War	0,010,700 10,700^[260]
Batalla de Villaviciosa (1710)	#1710	War of the Spanish Succession	0,095,000 12,000
Battle of Gulnabad	#1722	Hotaki-Safavid War	0,010,700 17,000
Battle of Hohenfriedberg	#1745	War of the Austrian Succession	0,095,000 18530
Battle of Fontenoy	#1745	War of the Austrian Succession	0,014,000 14,000^[261]
Battle of Leuthen	#1757	Seven Years' War	0,011,800 11,800^[262]
Battle of Prague	#1757	Seven Years' War	0,011,800 +27,570
Battle of Rossbach	#1757	Seven Years' War	0,011,800 10,000^[263]
Battle of Zorndorf	#1758	Seven Years' War	0,030,000 30,000^[citation needed]
Battle of Krefeld	#1758	Seven Years' War	0,030,000 5,200
Battle of Kunersdorf	#1759	Seven Years' War	0,035,000 35,000^[264]
Battle of Torgau	#1760	Seven Years' War	0,035,000 +32560
Third Battle of Panipat	#1761	Marathas and Afghans	0,100,001 65,000^[265]^[266]
Battle of Kup	#1762	Afghan-Sikh Wars	0,060,000 Around 20,000^[267]
Battle of Freiberg	#1762	Seven Years' War	0,060,000 10,500
Battle of Kagul	#1770	Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)	0,021,000 21,000^[268]
Battle of Porto Novo	#1781	Second Anglo-Mysore War	0,060,000 9306
Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút	#1785	Siamese-Vietnamese Wars	0,050,000 50,000^[269]
Battle of Rymnik	#1789	Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)	0,021,000 21,000^[270]
Battle of Mardanpur	#1794	Maratha and Patiala	8,333-52,333^[271]
Battle of Loano	#1795	War of the First Coalition	0,011,000 10,000
Battle of Arcole	#1796	War of the First Coalition	0,011,000 11,000^[272]
Battle of Rivoli	#1797	War of the First Coalition	0,011,000 17,500
Battle of Trebbia	#1799	War of the Second Coalition	0,017,000 17,000–23,000^[273]
Battle of Novi	#1799	War of the Second Coalition	0,019,500 19,500^[274]
Battle of the Pyramids	#1799	War of the Second Coalition	0,019,500 10,000+
Battle of Marengo	#1800	War of the Second Coalition	0,016,400 16,400^[275]
Battle of Pozzolo	#1800	War of the Second Coalition	0,016,400 +13,000
Battle of Hohenlinden	#1800	War of the Second Coalition	0,016,400 16,000+
Ulm campaign	#1805	War of the Third Coalition	0,062,000 62,000^[275]
Battle of Austerlitz	#1805	War of the Third Coalition	0,045,300 45,300^[276]
Battle of Schöngrabern	#1805	War of the Third Coalition	0,045,300 5,000
Battle of Jena–Auerstedt	#1806	War of the Fourth Coalition	0,052,000 52,000 including prisoners later killed^[277]
Battle of Lübeck	#1806	War of the Fourth Coalition	0,052,000 18,800
Battle of Eylau	#1807	War of the Fourth Coalition	0,040,000 40,000^[277]
Battle of Friedland	#1807	War of the Fourth Coalition	0,050,000 28,000–50,000^[278]
Battle of Bailen	#1808	Peninsular war	0,050,000 21,000
Battle of Aspern-Essling	#1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	0,042,900 42,900^[279]
Battle of Landshut	#1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	0,042,900 9,000
Battle of Eckmühl	#1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	0,042,900 13,700
Battle of Abensberg	#1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	0,042,900 8,200
Battle of Ebelsberg	#1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	0,042,900 15,340
Battle of Wagram	#1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	0,077,000 77,000^[277]–79,000^[280]
Battle of Znaim	#1809	War of the Fifth Coalition	0,077,000 9,000
Battle of Talavera	#1809	Peninsular War	0,013,900 13,900^[281]
Battle of Slobozia	#1811	Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)	0,020,000 20,000^[282]
Battle of Salamanca	#1812	Peninsular War	0,018,800 18,800^[283]
Battle of Smolensk	#1812	French invasion of Russia	0,024,000 24,000^[284]
Battle of Shevardino	#1812	French invasion of Russia	0,074,000 10,000
Battle of Borodino	#1812	French invasion of Russia	0,074,000 74,000^[285]
Second Battle of Polotsk	#1812	French invasion of Russia	0,074,000 22,000
Battle of Maloyaroslavets	#1812	French invasion of Russia	0,074,000 16,000
Battle of Vyazma	#1812	French invasion of Russia	0,074,000 9,500
Battle of Wolkowisk	#1812	French invasion of Russia	0,074,000 6,000
Battle of Krasnoi	#1812	French invasion of Russia	0,074,000 28,000
Battle of Berezina	#1812	French invasion of Russia	0,060,000 60,000^[285]
Battle of Vitoria	#1813	Peninsular War	0,013,000 13,000^[283]
Battle of Lützen	#1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	0,031,155 31,155–52,000^[286]^[287]
Battle of Dresden	#1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	0,048,000 48,000^[276]
Battle of Dennewitz	#1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	0,033,000 33,000^[288]
Battle of Leipzig	#1813	War of the Sixth Coalition	0,124,000 124,000^[62]
Battle of Ligny	#1815	Hundred Days	0,028,000 28,000^[289]
Battle of Waterloo	#1815	Hundred Days	0,047,000 47,000+ (not including prisoners and missing)^[290]^[291]
Battle of Ayacucho	#1824	Peruvian War of Independence	0,047,000 +3400
Battle of Jamrud	#1837	Afghan-Sikh Wars	0,047,000 11,000+
Battle of Inkerman	#1854	Crimean War	0,015,857 15,857^[292]
Battle of Choloki	#1854	Crimean War	0,015,857 5,500
Battle of Kurekdere	#1854	Crimean War	0,015,857 3,409
Battle of Alma	#1854	Crimean War	0,015,857 +9,100
Battle of Magenta	#1859	Second Italian War of Independence	0,015,857 +14,900
Battle of Solferino	#1859	Second Italian War of Independence	0,015,857 +39,500
Battle of Jiangnan (1860)	#1860	Taiping Rebellion	0,015,857 +140,000
First Battle of Bull Run	#1861	American Civil War	0,024,000 4,690
Battle of Shiloh	#1862	American Civil War	0,024,000 24,000^[293]
Battle of Antietam	#1862	American Civil War	0,023,000 23,000^[65]–26,193^[294]
Battle of Fredericksburg	#1862	American Civil War	0,017,300 17,300^[65]–17,962^[295]
Battle of Richmond	#1862	American Civil War	0,017,300 +5900
Battle of Gettysburg	#1863	American Civil War	0,051,000 51,000^[296]^[297]
Battle of Salem Church	#1863	American Civil War	0,051,000 +9500
Battle of Chickamauga	#1863	American Civil War	0,034,001 34,624^[298]
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House	#1864	American Civil War	0,030,001 30,000^[299]
Battle of Stones River	#1862–1863	American Civil War	0,024,001 24,000^[300]
Battle of Changzhou	#1864	Taiping Rebellion	0,047,500 35,000
Battle of Hubei	#1864	Taiping Rebellion	0,047,500 +60,000
Battle of Königgrätz	#1866	Austro-Prussian War	0,047,500 47,500^[301]
Battle of Münchengrätz	#1866	Austro-Prussian War	0,047,500 3,000
Battle of Tuyutí	#1866	Paraguayan War	0,007,001 7,000–16,000^[302]
Battle of Curupayty	#1866	Paraguayan War	0,007,001 4,300
Battle of Ytororó	#1868	Paraguayan War	0,007,001 3,300+
Battle of Acosta Ñu	#1869	Paraguayan War	0,007,0015,102^[citation needed]
Battle of Piribebuy	#1869	Paraguayan War	0,007,0012,210
Battle of Mars-la-Tour/Battle of Gravelotte	#1870	Franco-Prussian War	0,034,000 34,000^[301]
Battle of Sedan	#1870	Franco-Prussian War	0,026,000 26,000^[303]
Second Battle of Orleans (1870)	#1870	Franco-Prussian War	0,026,000 8,740
Battle of Isandlwana	#1879	Anglo-Zulu War	0,026,000 6,300
Battle of Kambula	#1879	Anglo-Zulu War	0,026,000 2,134
Battle of Arica	#1880	War of the Pacific	0,026,000 3600+
Battle of Adwa	#1896	First Italo-Ethiopian War	0,017,300 17,300^[304]
Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican	#1896	Philippine Revolutionary War	0,002,001 2,000–15,000^[305]
Battle of Omdurman	#1898	Mahdist War	0,020,430 20,430^[306]
Battle of Sakarya	#1921	Greco–Turkish War of 1919–22	0,061,000 61,000^[307]^[308]

Naval battles

Further information: Largest naval battle in history

Battle or Action	Year	Conflict	Casualties
Battle of Salamis	480 BC	Second Persian Invasion of Greece	50,000?
Battle of Cape Ecnomus	256 BC	First Punic War	50,000
Battle of Da-no-ura	1185	Genpei War	20,000
Battle of Yamen	1279	Song-Yuan Wars	110,000
Battle of Chaul	1508	Mamluk–Portuguese conflicts	840
Battle of Lepanto	1571	Ottoman–Habsburg wars	40,000
Battle of São Vicente	1583	Eighty Years' War	166
Battle of Solebay	1672	Third Anglo-Dutch War	3,100
Battles of Barfleur and La Hougue	1692	Nine Years' War	10,000
Battle of Pondicherry	1759	Seven Years' War	1,589
Battle of Chesma	1770	Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)	12,000
Battle of Dogger Bank (1781)	1781	Fourth Anglo-Dutch War	988
Battle of Vyborg Bay (1790)	1790	Russo-Swedish War (1788–90)	6,000 — 12,000
Battle of the Nile	1798	French campaign in Egypt and Syria	8,997
Battle of Copenhagen (1801)	1801	War of the Second Coalition	2,800
Battle of Trafalgar	1805	War of the Third Coalition	4,853
Battle of Navarino	1827	Greek War of Independence	6,000
Battle of Sinop	1853	Crimean War	3,366
Battle of Hampton Roads	1862	American Civil War	392
Battle of Riachuelo	1865	Paraguayan War	997
Battle of the Yalu River (1894)	1894	First Sino-Japanese War	1,730
Battle of the Yellow Sea	1904	Russo-Japanese War	566
Battle of Tsushima	1905	Russo-Japanese War	5,162
Battle of Lemnos (1913)	1913	First Balkan War	146
Battle of Coronel	1914	World War I	1,660
Battle of Dogger Bank (1915)	1915	World War I	1,081
Battle of Jutland	1916	World War I	12,000
Battle of Cape Machichaco	1937	Spanish Civil War	35
Battle of Cape Palos (1938)	1938	Spanish Civil War	765
Battle of the River Plate	1939	World War II	196
Attack on Mers-el-Kébir	1940	World War II	1,669
Operation Juno	1940	World War II	1,662
Last battle of Bismarck	1941	World War II	2,249
Battle of Cape Matapan	1941	World War II	2,303
Battle of Cape Bon	1941	World War II	817
Battle of the Java Sea	1942	World War II	2,336
Battle of Midway	1942	World War II	3,364
Battle of Santa Cruz Islands	1942	World War II	766
Battle of Savo Island	1942	World War II	1217
Naval Battle of Casablanca	1942	World War II	636
Battle of the Bismarck Sea	1943	World War II	2,903
Battle of Leyte Gulf	1944	World War II	15,500
Battle of San Carlos (1982)	1982	Falklands War	65

See also

• Lists of death tolls
  • Casualties of the Iraq War – Iraq war casualties
  • Deadliest single days of World War I
  • List of battles and other violent events by death toll
  • List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll
  • List of wars by death toll
  • United States military casualties of war – Military personnel casualties of the United States
• List of terrorist incidents
• List of wars – Overview of and topical guide to warPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
  • Lists of battles
  • List of invasions – List of military invasions

Notes

1. Velleius Paterculus, Marcus. Historiae Romanae ad M. Vinicium Libri Duo, II, 23.3.
2. Grant, p. 74
3. Trần Trọng Kim 1971, p. 43
4. Cœdès, George (1966). The Making of South East Asia. University of California Press. p. 84. ISBN 9780520050617.
5. Al-Hassan, A. Y. (2001), The Different aspects of Islamic culture, v. 4: Science and technology in Islam, p. 655, ISBN 92-3-103831-1, retrieved 25 July 2020
6. Sicker, Martin (2000). The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna. Praeger. p. 111. ISBN 978-0275968922.
7. Gearon, Eamonn (9 February 2017). "The Mongol Sack of Baghdad in 1258". Wondrium Daily. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
8. Mann, p. 143
9. Hassig
10. Grant, p. 129
11. Grant, p. 230
12. John Sweetman, Crimean War, Essential Histories 2, Osprey Publishing, 2001,
13. Third Battle of Nanking, p. 678
14. Grant, p. 231
15. Clodfelter M. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. McFarland, 2002. P. 220
16. Grant, p. 252
17. Hall, p. 112
18. 陶纯 (2011). 太原大会战. ISBN 978-7221096166.
19. Chi, Hsi-sheng (1982). Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937-45. University of Michigan Press. p. 43. ISBN 9780472100187.
20. Lai, Benjamin (2017). Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Osprey Publishing. p. 88.
21. Lai, Benjamin (2017). Shanghai and Nanjing 1937: Massacre on the Yangtze. Osprey Publishing. pp. 87–88.
22. "First Battle of Changsha". WW2DB. from the original on 24 October 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
23. "Battle of Nanchang". WW2DB. from the original on 8 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
24. Sebag-Montefiore, Hugh (31 May 2007). Dunkirk: Fight to the Last Man. Penguin UK. ISBN 9780141906164.
25. "Battle of South Shanxi". WW2DB. from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
26. Glantz (1995), p. 293
27. Hsiung, James. China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945. p. 158.
28. Geoffrey, Roberts (2002). Victory at Stalingrad (1st ed.). Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 978-0582771857.
29. Krinko, Evgeniy; Medvedev, Maksim (21 November 2017). "Demographic Consequences of the Stalingrad Battle". Science Journal of Volgograd State University (in Russian). 23: 91–104 – via Directory of Open Access Journals.
30. Grant, p. 308
31. China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945. p. 161.
32. Tuchman, Barbara. Stilwell and the American Experience in China.
33. Glantz, David (2001), The Siege of Leningrad 1941–44: 900 Days of Terror, Zenith Press, Osceola, WI, ISBN 0-7603-0941-8. p. 231, 232
34. Сведения городской комиссии по установлению и расследованию злодеяний немецко-фашистских захватчиков и их сообщников о числе погибшего в Ленинграде населения ЦГА СПб, Ф.8357. Оп.6. Д. 1108 Л. 46–47
35. Harrison Evans Salisbury (1969). The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad. Da Capo Press. p. 590.
36. "World War II: Warsaw Uprising :: FAQ". from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
37. Grant, p. 318
38. "Battle of Berlin".
39. Connaughton, R., Pimlott, J., and Anderson, D., 1995, The Battle for Manila, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 0891415785
40. Khalifa, Hodieb (22 November 2013). Nein. American Book Publishing. ISBN 9781938759185.
41. Dauria, Tom (2014). Within a Presumption of Godlessness. Archway. ISBN 9781480804203.
42. "Battle of Manila". from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
43. Boog, Krebs & Vogel 2001, p. 632.
44. ANDREW JACOBS (2 October 2009). "China Is Wordless on Traumas of Communists' Rise". New York Times. from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
45. Chang, Jung; Halliday, Jon. 2006. Mao: The Unknown Story. London: Vintage Books. p383.
46. 中国人民解放军军事科学院《中国军事百科全书》
47. 长春解放纪念碑烈士鲜血筑就的城市记忆 12 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine sina.com.cn 2007年05月22日09:04 东亚经贸新闻
48. 李发锁. "围困长春." 中国作家. 纪实 3 (2018): 4-161.
49. Bandarin, Francesco (20 September 2022). "The Destruction of Aleppo: The Impact of the Syrian War on a World Heritage City". Cultural Heritage and Mass Atrocities. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
50. . 5 December 2018. Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
51. "2 American soldiers killed in Iraq, U.S. military says". NBC News. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
52. Cockburn, Patrick (19 July 2017). "True civilian death toll in Mosul feared to be 40,000 - eight times higher than previous estimates". The Independent. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
53. "25,000 Daesh killed in Mosul liberation operations". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
54. John Spencer; Jayson Geroux (15 September 2021). "Urban Warfare Project Case Study #2: Battle of Mosul". Modern War Institute. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
55. "Russia Says All Urban Areas of Mariupol Cleared of Ukrainian Forces". VOA. 16 April 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
56. "Azov officer: Russian forces lost about 6,000 troops in Mariupol". The Kyiv Independent. 14 May 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
57. S.A, Telewizja Polska. "Up to 75,000 Ukrainian civilians killed in Mariupol: report". tvpworld.com (in Polish). Retrieved 9 August 2023.
58. "UN says more than 1,300 civilians killed in Mariupol — but true toll "likely thousands higher"". Egypt Independent. 17 June 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
59. "Russia says 3,000 civilians killed in Mariupol, blames Ukraine". anews. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
60. Chatelain, Ryan. "U.S.: Russia has suffered 100K casualties in Bakhmut since December". www.ny1.com. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
61. Zamoyski, Adam (2004). Moscow 1812: Napoleon's Fatal March. London: HarperCollins. p. 536. ISBN 978-0-00-712375-9. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
62. Grant, p. 213
63. Brewer, p. 33
64. Brewer, p. 42
65. Grant, p. 227
66. Brewer, p. 53
67. Grant, p. 253
68. Hall, p. 31
69. Hall, p. 36
70. Brewer, p. 99
71. Grant, p. 271
72. Brewer, p. 100
73. Grant, p. 272
74. Brewer, p. 110
75. Allen W. E. D., Muratoff P. Caucasian Battlefields: A History of the Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border 1828–1921. Cambridge University Press. 2011. P. 284
76. Brewer, p. 142
77. Grant, p. 273
78. Grant, p. 282
79. Spencer Tucker, "Encyclopedia of World War I"(2005) pg 1077, ISBN 1851094202
80. Grant, p. 276
81. Grant, p. 279
82. Tucker, 810
83. Grant, p. 277
84. Brewer, p. 150
85. Grant, p. 280
86. Brewer, p. 151
87. Brewer, p. 152
88. Grant, p. 281
89. Grant, p. 286
90. Grant, p. 292
91. Grant, p. 294
92. Grant, p. 295
93. . news.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
94. Lary, Diana (1 April 2001). "Drowned Earth: The Strategic Breaching of the Yellow River Dyke, 1938". War in History. 8 (2): 191–207. doi:10.1177/096834450100800204. ISSN 0968-3445. S2CID 159547176.
95. "Battle of Wuhan". WW2DB. from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
96. Grant, p. 293
97. Nomonhan: Japanese-Soviet Tactical Combat, 1939. Leavenworth Papers №2. by Edward J. Rea" Combat Studies Institute, fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1981
98. Grant, p. 298
99. "Wojna obronna Polski 1939, czyli jak Polska przegrała kampanię wrześniową". HISTORIA.org.pl (in Polish). 2 September 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
100. . 31 December 2007. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
101. . Archived from the original on 7 July 2011.
102. Grant, p. 299
103. Andrews, Evan. "10 Surprising Facts About the Battle of Britain". HISTORY. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
104. Garber, John. Chinese–Soviet Relations, 1937–1945. p. 120.
105. Wagner, p. 474
106. Wagner, p. 479
107. Grant, p. 306
108. Wagner, p. 480
109. Liedtke, Gregory (2016). Enduring the Whirlwind: The German Army and the Russo-German War 1941-1943. Helion and Company. ISBN 978-1910777756, pp.127-128.
110. Grant, p. 323
111. Wagner, p. 502
112. Wagner, p. 499
113. Erickson, p. 90
114. "Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign". WW2DB. from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
115. Grant, p. 302
116. Wagner, p. 522
117. Grant, p. 326
118. Wagner, p. 531
119. Erickson, p. 138
120. Frieser, Karl-Heinz; Schmider, Klaus; Schönherr, Klaus; Schreiber, Gerhard; Ungváry, Kristián; Wegner, Bernd (2007). Die Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten (in German). München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. pp. 197, 200. ISBN 978-3-421-06235-2.
121. Toeppel, Roman (2018). Kursk 1943: The Greatest Battle of the Second World War. Warwick: Helion and Company. p. 207. ISBN 9781912866793.
122. Frankson, Anders; Zetterling, Niklas (2000). Kursk 1943: A Statistical Analysis. London: Routledge. pp. 117, 116, and endnote 18. ISBN 9780714681030.
123. Wagner, p. 550
124. Wagner, p. 555
125. Wagner, p. 560
126. Grant, p. 303
127. Mart Laar (2006). Sinimäed 1944: II maailmasõja lahingud Kirde-Eestis (Sinimäed Hills 1944: Battles of World War II in Northeast Estonia) (in Estonian). Tallinn: Varrak.
128. Wagner, p. 567
129. Glantz, p. 381
130. Pike, Francis (18 June 2015). Hirohito's War: The Pacific War, 1941–1945. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781472596727.
131. Whitmarsh 2009, p. 109.
132. Beevor 2009, p. 519.
133. Giangreco, Moore & Polmar 2004, p. 252.
134. Wagner, p. 587
135. Brewer, p. 306
136. Grant, p. 316
137. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century, ISBN 1-85367-280-7, Greenhill Books, 1997; (chapter on the Jassy-Kishinev operation in Russian 26 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine)
138. Wagner, p. 592
139. Wagner, p. 594
140. Wagner, p. 596
141. Wagner, p. 600
142. Wagner, p. 606
143. Grant, p. 317
144. Wagner, p. 608
145. Grant, p. 328
146. Wagner, p. 612
147. Grant, p. 329
148. McLynn. The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945. p. 1.
149. Liaoning-Shenyang Campaign
150. Yu and Huaihai Campaign, p.5
151. Pingjin rewrite history? ? Tianjin Campaign
152. "Chinese Civil War, 1945–1949 – Military History – Oxford Bibliographies – obo". www.oxfordbibliographies.com. from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
153. Grant, p. 334
154. Grant, p. 335
155. Grant, p. 338
156. Grant, p. 341
157. Keaten, Jamey (24 February 2023). "The calculus of war: Tallying Ukraine toll an elusive task". AP News. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
158. Cooper, Helene; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas; Schmitt, Eric; Barnes, Julian E. (18 August 2023). "Troop Deaths and Injuries in Ukraine War Near 500,000, U.S. Officials Say". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
159. Grant, p. 17
160. Krentz, Peter, The Battle of Marathon (Yale Library of Military History), Yale Univ Press, (2010) p. 98
161. Grant, p. 23
162. Herodotus (440 BC). Histories.
163. Arrian 1.16.45 – 50
164. "Advance to the East and the battle of Gaugamela", The Genius of Alexander the Great : in Ancient and Medieval Greek Poetry, Bloomsbury Academic, 1997, doi:10.5040/9781472540942.ch-009, ISBN 978-0-7156-2753-2
165. Grant, p. 27
166. Grant, p. 37
167. Grant, p. 56
168. Sima Qian claimed over 450,000 Zhao soldiers were killed during and after the battle; all survivors were killed (buried alive) with the exceptions of 240 of the youngest soldiers who were released.
169. Grant, p. 39
170. Grant, p. 40
171. Grant, p. 41
172. Grant, p. 31
173. Valerius Antias (1st century BC). Manubiae.
174. Albert A. Howard (1906). "Valerius Antias and Livy", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 17, p. 161–182.
175. Canon Rawlinson (1877). "On the Ethnography of the Cimbri", The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 6, p. 150–158.
176. Strauss, Barry (2009). The Spartacus War. Simon and Schuster. pp. 21–22. ISBN 1-4165-3205-6.
177. Plutarch Life of Sulla 19.4
178. Philip Matyszak, Cataclysm 90 BC, p. 147; Lynda Telford, Sulla: A Dictator Reconsidered, p. 181; Appian, The Civil Wars, 1.92-93.
179. Sherwin-White, Adrian N. (1994). "Lucullus, Pompey, and the East". In J. A. Crook; Andrew Lintott; Elizabeth Rawson (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 9: The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146–43 BC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 241.
180. Delbrück, p. 471
181. Grant, p. 43
182. Grant, p. 47
183. Goldsworthy 2010, p. 252.
184. Lendering, Jona (10 October 2020). "Actium (31 BCE)". Livius.org. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
185. Wells, Peter S. The Battle that stopped Rome. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 2003, p. 187. ISBN 0-393-32643-8.
186. Tacitus, The Annals 2.12
187. . Archived from the original on 10 March 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
188. Grant, p. 49
189. Records of the Three Kingdoms,
190. The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337, "He captured several tomns and then destroyed a Roman army of 60000 men at Barbalissus (Balis) on the large bend of the Euphrates to the north."
191. Encyclopaedia Britannica "Losses: Roman, more than 60,000; Persian, minimal."
192. Grant, p. 51
193. Book of Jin,
194. Jordanes (22 April 1997). "The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter XLI". Translated by Charles C. Mierow. from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
195. J. Haldon, The Byzantine Wars, 31–32
196. Book of Sui, Vol. 60.
197. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History By Ibn Khaldūn, Franz Rosenthal, N. J.. Dawood pg, 12.
198. "The Sword of Allah", Chapter 22, by Lieutenant-General Agha Ibrahim Akram, Nat. Publishing. House, Rawalpindi (1970) ISBN 978-0-7101-0104-4.
199. A.I.Akram, Sword of Allah, Khalid ibn Walid, ch.13th, pg.137
200. A. I. Akram (1970). The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns. National Publishing House, Rawalpindi. ISBN 0-7101-0104-X.
201. "ʿARAB ii. Arab conquest of Iran – Encyclopaedia Iranica". from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
202. Cirier, Aude; 50Minutes.fr (14 July 2014). La bataille de Poitiers: Charles Martel et l'affirmation de la suprématie des Francs (in French). 50 Minutes. pp. 6–7. ISBN 9782806254290.
203. Marron 1066 pp.147-149
204. Chapuis 1995, p. 77
205. Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian《長編》卷三百上載出師兵員“死者二十萬”，“上曰：「朝廷以交址犯順，故興師討罪，郭逵不能剪滅，垂成而還。今廣源瘴癘之地，我得之未為利，彼失之未為害，一夫不獲，朕尚閔之，况十死五六邪？」又安南之師，死者二十萬，朝廷當任其咎。《續資治通鑑長編·卷三百》”。 《越史略》載廣西被殺者“無慮十萬”。 《玉海》卷一九三上稱“兵夫三十萬人冒暑涉瘴地，死者過半”。
206. Jonathan Riley-Smith, the Crusades, 2005, p. 109
207. Grant, p. 89
208. Richard Gabriel, Subotai the Valiant.
209. Grant, p. 92
210. Carey, Brian Todd, p. 124
211. Atwood, Christopher Pratt (2004), Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol empire, New York: Facts On File, p. 579, ISBN 0-8160-4671-9
212. Grant, p. 118
213. Grant, p. 94
214. B.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in Encyclopaedia of Islam.
215. Volume III: To the Year A.D. 1398, Chapter: XVIII. Malfúzát-i Tímúrí, or Túzak-i Tímúrí: The Autobiography or Memoirs of Emperor Tímúr (Taimur the lame). Page 389. 1. Online copy 3 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 2. Online copy 6 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine from: Elliot, Sir H. M., Edited by Dowson, John. The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period; published by London Trubner Company 1867–1877.
216. Grant, p. 95
217. Grant, p. 121
218. Geoff Wade, translator, Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource, Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore, http://www.epress.nus.edu.sg/msl/reign/xuan-de/year-1-month-3-day-13
219. Seward 1978, p. 260
220. The Military Campaigns of the Wars of the Roses Philip A. Haigh (Chap. 8)
221. Goodman 1981, p. 243.
222. Kirtley, Bacil F.; McNally, Raymond T.; Florescu, Radu (October 1973). "In Search of Dracula: A True History of Dracula and Vampire Legends". The Journal of American Folklore. 86 (342): 400. doi:10.2307/539370. ISSN 0021-8715. JSTOR 539370.
223. David, Saul: War, 2009
224. Grant, p. 144
225. Grant, p. 145
226. Grant, p. 136
227. Grant, p. 132
228. A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, Báber and Humáyun By William Erskine Published by Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1854
229. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, Vol.II, ed. Spencer C. Tucker, (ABC-CLIO, 2010), 531.
230. Turnbull, Stephen (1987). Battles of the Samurai. London: Arms and Armour Press. pp. 79–94. ISBN 9780853688266.
231. 류성룡 (Ryu Seong-ryong) <징비록 (Jingbirok: Book of Corrections)>, 선조수정실록 26권, 25(1592 임진 / 명 만력 20년)4월 14일(계묘) 6번째 기사, 연려실기술 인용 <조야기문>
232. "十萬精兵, 一敗塗地" Annals of the Joseon Dynasty http://sillok.history.go.kr/inspection/insp_king.jsp?id=wna_12901024_003&tabid=w 4 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine
233. "sillok.history.go.kr". from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
234. Turnbull, Stephen; Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–98. London: Cassell & Co, 2002, p.222
235. Grant, p. 175
236. Svenska slagfält, Lars Ericson, Martin Hårdstedt, Per Iko, Ingvar Sjöblom och Gunnar Åselius, Wahlström & Widstrand 2003, ISBN 91-46-21087-3. p. 127−128
237. Gurbilas Patashai 6 Chapter 20
238. Wilson, Peter H. (2018). Lützen: Great Battles Series. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 87–89. ISBN 978-0199642540.
239. Grant, p. 152
240. Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1909). The Sikh Religion, its gurus, sacred writings and authors, Vol 4. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Wikisource
241. Suraj Granth Raas 8
242. Grant, p. 149.
243. Lunde, Henrik O. (2014). A Warrior Dynasty: The Rise and Decline of Sweden as a Military Superpower. Havertown: Casemate. p. 177
244. Tucker, Spencer (2011). Battles that Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict. ABC-CLIO. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-59884-429-0.
245. William P. Guthrie (2003). The later Thirty Years War: from the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 141
246. Romański, Romuald (2009). Książę Jeremi Wiśniowiecki. Warszawa: Bellona. p. 338. ISBN 978-83-11-11524-8
247. Rystad, Göran (2005). Kampen om Skåne (in Swedish). p. 140
248. Tucker, Spencer (2010). Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict. ABC-CLIO. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-59884-429-0.
249. Périni, Hardy (1906). Batailles françaises (5e série). Flammarion. p. 274−275. ISBN 978-20-161-3674-4.
250. Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2020). De Veertigjarige Oorlog 1672-1712. Prometheus. p. 201. ISBN 978-90-446-3871-4.
251. Grant, p. 159
252. Grant, p. 133
253. Grey, Ian (2015). Peter the Great. New Word City. ISBN 978-1-61230-922-4.
254. Boris Grigorjev & Aleksandr Bespalov (2012). Kampen mot övermakten. Baltikums fall 1700–1710. pp. 38
255. Sjöström, Oskar (2008). Fraustadt 1706. Ett fält färgat rött (in Swedish). Lund: Historiska Media. pp. 145–146
256. Grant, p. 160
257. Konovaltjuk & Lyth, Pavel & Einar (2009). Vägen till Poltava. Slaget vid Lesnaja 1708 (in Swedish). Svenskt Militärhistorisk Biblioteks Förlag. p. 233
258. Gordon A. The History of Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia: To which is Prefixed a Short General History of the Country from the Rise of that Monarchy: and an Account of the Author's Life, Volume 1. Aberdeen. 1755. pp. 277–278
259. Lunde, Henrik O. (2014). A Warrior Dynasty: The Rise and Decline of Sweden as a Military Superpower. Havertown: Casemate. p. 270
260. Svenska slagfält, Lars Ericson, Martin Hårdstedt, Per Iko, Ingvar Sjöblom och Gunnar Åselius, Wahlström & Widstrand 2003, ISBN 91-46-21087-3. p. 306
261. Grant, p. 161
262. Grant, p. 186
263. Tucker 2009, p. 772.
264. Franz A. J. Szabo. The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756–1763. Routledge. 2013. p. 238
265. Duff, ch. V, p. 110
266. Rawlinson, p. 40
267. Singh, Khushwant (2004). A History of the Sikhs: 1469-1838. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195673081.
268. Archer, Christon (2002). World History of Warfare. U of Nebraska Press. p. 444
269. Dutton, George Edson (2006). The Tây Sơn uprising: society and rebellion in eighteenth-century Vietnam. University of Hawaii Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-8248-2984-1.
270. Dowling T. C. Russia at War. From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond. ABC-CLIO, 2014. P. 751
271. Sawan Singh (2005). Noble And Brave Sikh Women. ISBN 9788176017015.
272. Grant, p. 199
273. Dupuy, Trevor N.; Dupuy, R. Ernest (1977). The Encyclopedia of Military History. New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row. p. 691.
274. Tucker, Spencer C. (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO.
275. Grant, p. 201
276. Grant, p. 202
277. Grant, p. 205
278. Fisher, Todd & Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. Osprey Publishing, 2004, pp. 78, 90
279. Gill, John H. (2016). Leggiere, M. (ed.). Napoleon and the Operational Art of War. Leiden: Brill. p. 251. ISBN 978-90-04-27034-3.
280. Castle, I. Aspern/Wagram (1809), Osprey (1990)
281. Grant, p. 208
282. Petrov, А.N. The War between Russia and Turkey, 1806—1812, vol. 1-3. SPb, 1885—87.
283. Grant, p. 209
284. Chandler, David G. (1996). The Campaigns of Napoleon. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-74830-0.
285. Grant, p. 212
286. Pigeard (2004). Dictionnaire des batailles de Napoléon. pp. 499–500.
287. Chandler, David G. (2009). The Campaigns of Napoleon. The mind and method of history's greatest soldier. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 1120.
288. Leggiere, Michael V. (2015). Napoleon and the Struggle for Germany: The Franco-Prussian War of 1813. Cambridge University Press. pp. 10, 391.
289. Grant, p. 214
290. Barbero, pp 419–420 Barbero, Alessandro (2005). The Battle: A New History of Waterloo. Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-84354-310-9
291. Grant, p. 215
292. Grant, p. 260
293. Grant, p. 226
294. Brewer, p. 36
295. Brewer, p. 38
296. Brewer, p. 46
297. Grant, p. 228
298. Brewer, p. 48
299. Brewer, p. 52
300. http://www.nps.gov/stri/faqs.htm%7C 12 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine#1838
301. Grant, p. 258
302. The Paraguayan War 17 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine by William Henry Koebel
303. Grant, p. 259
304. Grant, p. 240
305. Davis, George W. (1903), Annual report of Major General George W. Davis, United States Army commanding Division of the Philippines from October 1, 1902 to July 26, 1903, Manila, P.I.. Archived at the Internet Archive
306. Grant, p. 241
307. Zeki Sarıhan: Kurtuluş Savaşı günlüğü: açıklamalı kronoloji. Sakarya savaşı'ndan Lozan'ın açılışına (23 Ağustos 1921-20 Kasım 1922) (engl.:Diary of the independence war: commented chronology. From battle of Sakarya to the opening of Lausanne (23 August 1921–20 November 1922)), Türk Tarih Kurumu yayınları (publishing house), 1996, ISBN 975-16-0517-2, page 62. (in Turkish)
308. Σαγγάριος 1921, Η επική μάχη που σφράγησε την τύχη του Μικρασιατικού Ελληνισμού (in Greek). Εκδόσεις Περισκόπιο. July 2008. p. 32. ISBN 978-960-6740-45-9.

References

• Beevor, Antony (2009). D-Day: The Battle for Normandy. New York; Toronto: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-02119-2.
• Boog, Horst; Krebs, Gerhard; Vogel, Detlef (2001), Das Deutsche Reich in der Defensive Strategischer Luftkrieg in Europa, Krieg im Westen und in Ostasien 1943 bis 1944/45 [The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia 1943–1944/5], Das Deutsche Reich und die Zweite Weltkrieg (in German), vol. 7, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, ISBN 978-3-421-05507-1
• Brewer, Paul (2007). The Chronicle of War: A Year-by-Year Account of Conflict from 1854 to the Present Day. London: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-74181-342-5.
• Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-29622-7.
• Erickson, John (2001). Hitler versus Stalin: The Second World War on the Eastern Front in Photographs. London: Carlton Books. ISBN 1-84222-260-0.
• Giangreco, Dennis; Moore, Kathryn; Polmar, Norman (2004). Eyewitness D-Day: Firsthand Accounts from the Landing at Normandy to the Liberation of Paris. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 978-0-7607-5045-2.
• Glantz, David M. (1998). When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0899-0.
• Goldsworthy, Adrian (2010). Antony and Cleopatra. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-86104-1.
• Goodman, Anthony (1981). Wars of the Roses: Military Activity and English Society, 1452–97. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7100-0728-0.
• Grant, R. G. (2005). Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0-7566-1360-4.
• Hassig, Ross (1994). Mexico and the Spanish Conquest. New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-8061-3793-3.
• Krivosheev, G. F. (1997). Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century. Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-280-7.
• Mann, Charles (2005). 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-1-4000-3205-1. 1491: New Revelations.
• Tucker, Spencer, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of World War I. Vol. 4. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-420-2.
• Trần Trọng Kim (1971). Việt Nam sử lược (in Vietnamese). Saigon: Center for School Materials.
• Tucker, Spencer C (2009). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East 6V: A Global Chronology of Conflict [6 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-667-1.
• Wagner, Margaret; Kennedy, D. M.; Osborne, L. B.; Reyburn, S. (2007). The Library of Congress World War II Companion. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-5219-5.
• Whitmarsh, Andrew (2009). D-Day in Photographs. Stroud: History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-5095-7.
• Zhang Zhenglong PLA Publishing House in August 1989 ISBN 7-01-000381-5/ISBN 7-01-000413-7
• Liaoning-Shenyang Campaign 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine
• Alistair Horne (1977). A Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954–1962. ISBN 1-59017-218-3.
• James Grant Duff (2001). A history of the Mahrattas (3 volumes). Yokai Publishing. ISBN 0-85792-462-1.
• H. R. G Rawlinson (2006). An account of the last battle of Panipat, and the events leading to it. Hesperides Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4067-2625-1.
• Hall, Richard C. (2000). The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22946-4.