The West Qinling Fault in the Tibetan plateau, an active left–lateral strike-slip fault, was proposed as the source of the earthquake, although there is no seismological evidence to prove this. In the centuries since the event, the fault has not produced any major earthquakes.[4] Another proposed source is the adjacent Tongwei thrust fault, although little is known about its associated seismic activity. No surface ruptures from the earthquake has been documented, suggesting it may be a buried rupture earthquake.[5]
Effectsedit
The earthquake gained notable scientific attention due to the triggering of over 300 large landslides. Many of these slides consisted of several meters of loess and mudstone deposits along steep mountainsides near the Wei River. Three of the largest landslides in Pan'an, Tianshui, Gangu County, had a combined volume of 6.06 × 108 m3.[6] Locating the distribution of landslides using Google Earth found a dense concentration of occurrence along the Tongwei Fault.[5]
Damageedit
All structures including government offices, schools, temples, and homes in Nanxiang were destroyed. It was reported that the only surviving structure was a portion of the brick city wall at the northeast corner of the city. Over 40,000 people were killed in the city. Another 30,000 people died in Yongning when massive landslides buried many homes in the area. Ground effects were severe; large fissures appeared and the landscape was deformed.[2] A large landslide completely buried Yongning Ancient Town during the quake.
In Tianshui, the earthquake collapsed Confucian Temples and homes. Ground fissures and landslides killed some residents. Smaller fatality figures were reported in other parts of Gansu Province. The earthquake also affected Shaanxi and Henan provinces.[2]
^Becky Oskin (21 April 2013). "What Caused The Deadly China Earthquake?". Live Science. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
^Zhangjun Li; Feng Cheng; Ming Hao; Zachary M. Young; Shangw Song; Fan Yang; Wenquan Zhuang (2021). "Strain Transformation Adjacent to the West Qinling Orogen: Implications for the Growth of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau". Frontiers in Earth Science. 9 (689087): 602. Bibcode:2021FrEaS...9..602L. doi:10.3389/feart.2021.689087.
^ abYueren Xu; Du Peng; Li Wenqiao; Tian Qinjian; Chen Lize (2020). "Relationship between the landslides triggered by the Tongwei M 71/2 Earthquake in 1718 AD and the disappearance of Yongning ancient town". Earthquake Research in China. 34 (4): 546–559. doi:10.19743/j.cnki.0891-4176.202004005.
^Ping Sun; Rongjian Li; Hao Jiang; Ogbonnaya Igwe; Jusong Shi (2017). "Earthquake-triggered landslides by the 1718 Tongwei earthquake in Gansu Province, northwest China". Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 76 (4): 1281–1295. Bibcode:2017BuEGE..76.1281S. doi:10.1007/s10064-016-0949-4. S2CID 132033294.
January 01, 1970
1718, tongwei, gansu, earthquake, earthquake, occurred, june, 1718, tongwei, county, gansu, province, qing, dynasty, present, china, estimated, surface, wave, magnitude, earthquake, designated, maximum, modified, mercalli, intensity, extreme, causing, tremendo. An earthquake occurred on June 19 1718 in Tongwei County Gansu Province Qing dynasty present day China The estimated surface wave magnitude Ms 7 5 earthquake was designated a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of X Extreme causing tremendous damage and killing 73 000 people 2 1718 Tongwei Gansu earthquakeShow map of GansuShow map of ChinaLocal dateJune 19 1718 1718 06 19 1 Magnitude7 5 Ms7 5 Mw 1 Epicenter35 00 N 105 12 E 35 0 N 105 2 E 35 0 105 2 2 Areas affectedQing dynastyMax intensityMMI X Extreme Landslides gt 300ForeshocksYesCasualties See Tfd 73 000 dead Contents 1 Tectonic setting 2 Earthquake 3 Effects 4 Damage 5 See also 6 ReferencesTectonic setting edit nbsp A map of the India Asia deformation zone with active faults in the region The active plate tectonics of Gansu Province located on the Tibetan Plateau is dominated by the north south continental collision of the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate As the Indian Plate collides along a convergent plate boundary known as the Main Himalayan Thrust it being of continental crust does not subduct rather it ploughs into the Eurasian Plate This process severely deforms the Eurasian Plate uplifting the crust forming the Tibetan Plateau The force of the Indian Plate converging pushes the Tibetan Plateau east towards the Sichuan Basin forming another zone of collision This collision and resulting crustal deformation of the Eurasian Plate is accommodated by the Xianshuihe fault system Haiyuan Fault Kunlun Fault Altyn Tagh fault and Longmenshan Fault The presence of active faults in Gansu makes the region vulnerable to damaging earthquakes The very deadly 2008 Sichuan earthquake occurred due to a thrust fault rupture on the Longmenshan Fault 3 The 1920 Haiyuan and 1927 Gulang earthquakes occurred due to ruptures along the Haiyuan Fault Earthquake editThe West Qinling Fault in the Tibetan plateau an active left lateral strike slip fault was proposed as the source of the earthquake although there is no seismological evidence to prove this In the centuries since the event the fault has not produced any major earthquakes 4 Another proposed source is the adjacent Tongwei thrust fault although little is known about its associated seismic activity No surface ruptures from the earthquake has been documented suggesting it may be a buried rupture earthquake 5 Effects editThe earthquake gained notable scientific attention due to the triggering of over 300 large landslides Many of these slides consisted of several meters of loess and mudstone deposits along steep mountainsides near the Wei River Three of the largest landslides in Pan an Tianshui Gangu County had a combined volume of 6 06 108 m3 6 Locating the distribution of landslides using Google Earth found a dense concentration of occurrence along the Tongwei Fault 5 Damage editAll structures including government offices schools temples and homes in Nanxiang were destroyed It was reported that the only surviving structure was a portion of the brick city wall at the northeast corner of the city Over 40 000 people were killed in the city Another 30 000 people died in Yongning when massive landslides buried many homes in the area Ground effects were severe large fissures appeared and the landscape was deformed 2 A large landslide completely buried Yongning Ancient Town during the quake Several mountain peaks including one at Jingning County detached and fell damming a river and killing several thousand In Zhuanglang County a large hill suffered a landslide resulting in thousands of deaths Many gate towers pavilions and battlements in Qin an County were destroyed 2 In Tianshui the earthquake collapsed Confucian Temples and homes Ground fissures and landslides killed some residents Smaller fatality figures were reported in other parts of Gansu Province The earthquake also affected Shaanxi and Henan provinces 2 See also editList of earthquakes in China List of historical earthquakesReferences edit a b Global Historical Earthquake Archive emidius eu Retrieved 6 October 2021 a b c d e National Geophysical Data Center Significant Earthquake Information Retrieved 6 October 2021 Becky Oskin 21 April 2013 What Caused The Deadly China Earthquake Live Science Retrieved 25 September 2021 Zhangjun Li Feng Cheng Ming Hao Zachary M Young Shangw Song Fan Yang Wenquan Zhuang 2021 Strain Transformation Adjacent to the West Qinling Orogen Implications for the Growth of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Frontiers in Earth Science 9 689087 602 Bibcode 2021FrEaS 9 602L doi 10 3389 feart 2021 689087 a b Yueren Xu Du Peng Li Wenqiao Tian Qinjian Chen Lize 2020 Relationship between the landslides triggered by the Tongwei M 71 2 Earthquake in 1718 AD and the disappearance of Yongning ancient town Earthquake Research in China 34 4 546 559 doi 10 19743 j cnki 0891 4176 202004005 Ping Sun Rongjian Li Hao Jiang Ogbonnaya Igwe Jusong Shi 2017 Earthquake triggered landslides by the 1718 Tongwei earthquake in Gansu Province northwest China Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 76 4 1281 1295 Bibcode 2017BuEGE 76 1281S doi 10 1007 s10064 016 0949 4 S2CID 132033294 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1718 Tongwei Gansu earthquake amp oldid 1187303061, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
