Zengi, son of Aq Sunqur al-Hajib, became the Seljuk atabeg of Mosul in 1127.[7] He quickly became the chief Turkic potentate in Northern Syria and Iraq, taking Aleppo from the squabbling Artuqids in 1128 and capturing the County of Edessa from the Crusaders after the siege of Edessa in 1144. This latter feat made Zengi a hero in the Muslim world, but he was assassinated by a slave two years later, in 1146.[8]
Now ruling from Damascus, Nur ad-Din's success continued. Another Prince of Antioch, Raynald of Châtillon was captured, and the territories of the Principality of Antioch were greatly reduced. In the 1160s, Nur ad-Din's attention was mostly held by a competition with the King of Jerusalem, Amalric of Jerusalem, for control of the Fatimid Caliphate. From 1163 to 1169 Shirkuh took part in a series of campaigns against Fatimid Egypt, in 1169 he lured the vizier into an ambush and killed him after which he seized Egypt in the name of his master Nur ad-Din therefore bringing Egypt under formal Zengid dominion.[4][3]
Shirkuh's nephew Saladin was appointed vizier by the Fatimid caliph al-Adid and Governor of Egypt, in 1169. Al-Adid died in 1171, and Saladin took advantage of this power vacuum, effectively taking control of the country. Upon seizing power, he switched Egypt's allegiance to the Baghdad-based Abbasid Caliphate which adhered to Sunni Islam, rather than traditional Fatimid Shia practice. Tripoli, Yemen and the Hejaz were added to the state of Nur ad-Din.[5] Nur ad-Din had taken Anatolian lands up to Sivas, his state extended from Tripoli to Hamadan and from Yemen to Sivas.[6]
Nur ad-Din was preparing to invade Jerusalem when he unexpectedly died in 1174. His son and successor As-Salih Ismail al-Malik was only a child, and was forced to flee to Aleppo, which he ruled until 1181, when he died of illness and was replaced by his cousin Imad al-Din Zengi II. Saladin conquered Aleppo two years later, ending Zengid rule in Syria.
Zengid princes continued to rule in Northern Iraq as Emirs of Mosul well into the 13th century, ruling Mosul and Sinjar until 1234; their rule did not finally come to an end until 1250.
Imad al-Din Shahanshah, son of Qutb ad-Din Muhammad, 1219–1220
Jalal al-Din Mahmud (co-ruler), son of Qutb ad-Din Muhammad, 1219–1220
Fath al-Din Umar (co-ruler), son of Qutb ad-Din Muhammad, 1219–1220.
Sinjar was taken by the Ayyubids in 1220 and ruled by al-Ashraf Musa, Ayyubid emir of Diyar Bakr. It later came under the control of Badr al-Din Lu'lu', ruler of Mosul beginning in 1234.
^ abLegitimising the Conquest of Egypt: The Frankish Campaign of 1163 Revisited. Eric Böhme. The Expansion of the Faith. Volume 14. January 1, 2022. Pages 269 - 280.
^ abSouad, Merah, and Tahraoui Ramdane. 2018. “INSTITUTIONALIZING EDUCATION AND THE CULTURE OF LEARNING IN MEDIEVAL ISLAM: THE AYYŪBIDS (569/966 AH) (1174/1263 AD) LEARNING PRACTICES IN EGYPT AS A CASE STUDY”. Al-Shajarah: Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), January, 245-75.
^ abGençtürk, Ç. "SELAHADDİN EYYUBİ VE NUREDDİN MAHMUD ARASINDAKİ MÜNASEBETLER". Ankara Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 1 (2018 ): 51-61
^ abEYYÛBÎLER. İçindekiler Tablosu. Prof. Dr. Ramazan ŞEŞEN. Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi.
Asbridge, Thomas (2012). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon & Schuster.
Ayalon, David (1999). Eunuchs, Caliphs and Sultans: A Study in Power Relationships. Hebrew University Magnes Press.
Bosworth, C.E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. New York: Columbia University Press.
Canby, Sheila R.; Beyazit, Deniz; Rugiadi, Martina; Peacock, Andrew C. S. (2016). Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Hunyadi, Zsolt; Laszlovszky, József (2001). The Crusades and the Military Orders. Central European University.
Irwin, Robert (1999). "Islam and the Crusades 1096-1699". In Riley-Smith, Jonathan (ed.). The Oxford History of the Crusades. Oxford University Press.
Stevenson, William Barron (1907). The Crusaders in the East. Cambridge University Press.
Taef El-Azharii (2006). Zengi and the Muslim Response to the Crusades, Routledge, Abington, UK.
September 09, 2023
zengid, dynasty, arabic, الدولة, الزنكية, romanized, dawla, zinkia, sunni, muslim, dynasty, turkoman, origin, which, ruled, parts, levant, upper, mesopotamia, behalf, seljuk, empire, eventually, seized, control, egypt, 1169, 1174, zengid, state, extended, from. The Zengid dynasty Arabic الدولة الزنكية romanized al Dawla al Zinkia was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkoman origin 2 which ruled parts of the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia on behalf of the Seljuk Empire and eventually seized control of Egypt in 1169 3 4 In 1174 the Zengid state extended from Tripoli to Hamadan and from Yemen to Sivas 5 6 The dynasty was founded by Imad ad Din Zengi Zengid Stateالدولة الزنكية1127 1250The Zengid state in the mid 12th centuryStatusAtabegate vassal of the Seljuk Empire EmirateCapitalDamascusCommon languagesOghuz TurkicArabic numismatics 1 ReligionSunni IslamShia IslamGovernmentEmirateEmir 1127 1146Imad ad Din Zengi first 1241 1250Mahmud Al Malik Al Zahir last reported History Established1127 Disestablished1250CurrencyDinarPreceded by Succeeded byGreat Seljuq EmpireCounty of Edessa IlkhanateAyyubids Contents 1 History 2 Zengid rulers 2 1 Zengid Atabegs and Emirs of Mosul 2 2 Zengid Emirs of Aleppo 2 3 Zengid Emirs of Damascus 2 4 Zengid Emirs of Sinjar 2 5 Zengid Emirs of al Jazira in Northern Iraq 3 See also 4 References 5 SourcesHistory EditZengi son of Aq Sunqur al Hajib became the Seljuk atabeg of Mosul in 1127 7 He quickly became the chief Turkic potentate in Northern Syria and Iraq taking Aleppo from the squabbling Artuqids in 1128 and capturing the County of Edessa from the Crusaders after the siege of Edessa in 1144 This latter feat made Zengi a hero in the Muslim world but he was assassinated by a slave two years later in 1146 8 On Zengi s death his territories were divided with Mosul and his lands in Iraq going to his eldest son Saif ad Din Ghazi I and Aleppo and Edessa falling to his second son Nur ad Din atabeg of Aleppo Nur ad Din proved to be as competent as his father In 1149 he defeated Raymond of Poitiers Prince of Antioch at the battle of Inab and the next year conquered the remnants of the County of Edessa west of the Euphrates 9 In 1154 he capped off these successes by his capture of Damascus from the Burid dynasty that ruled it 10 Now ruling from Damascus Nur ad Din s success continued Another Prince of Antioch Raynald of Chatillon was captured and the territories of the Principality of Antioch were greatly reduced In the 1160s Nur ad Din s attention was mostly held by a competition with the King of Jerusalem Amalric of Jerusalem for control of the Fatimid Caliphate From 1163 to 1169 Shirkuh took part in a series of campaigns against Fatimid Egypt in 1169 he lured the vizier into an ambush and killed him after which he seized Egypt in the name of his master Nur ad Din therefore bringing Egypt under formal Zengid dominion 4 3 Shirkuh s nephew Saladin was appointed vizier by the Fatimid caliph al Adid and Governor of Egypt in 1169 Al Adid died in 1171 and Saladin took advantage of this power vacuum effectively taking control of the country Upon seizing power he switched Egypt s allegiance to the Baghdad based Abbasid Caliphate which adhered to Sunni Islam rather than traditional Fatimid Shia practice Tripoli Yemen and the Hejaz were added to the state of Nur ad Din 5 Nur ad Din had taken Anatolian lands up to Sivas his state extended from Tripoli to Hamadan and from Yemen to Sivas 6 Nur ad Din was preparing to invade Jerusalem when he unexpectedly died in 1174 His son and successor As Salih Ismail al Malik was only a child and was forced to flee to Aleppo which he ruled until 1181 when he died of illness and was replaced by his cousin Imad al Din Zengi II Saladin conquered Aleppo two years later ending Zengid rule in Syria Zengid princes continued to rule in Northern Iraq as Emirs of Mosul well into the 13th century ruling Mosul and Sinjar until 1234 their rule did not finally come to an end until 1250 Zengid rulers Edit Coin of Nur ad Din Arslan Shah I mint of Mosul depicting a classical portrait 1197 British Museum Coin of Nasir ad Din Mahmud mint of Mosul depicting a female with two winged victories 1223 British Museum Zengid Atabegs and Emirs of Mosul Edit Further information List of rulers of Mosul Zengid emirs and Rulers of Mosul Zengi 1127 1146 Sayf al Din Ghazi I son of Zengi 1146 1149 Qutb al Din Mawdud son of Zengi 1149 1170 Sayf al Din Ghazi II son of Qutb al Din Mawdud 1170 1180 Izz al Din Mas ud son of Qutb al Din Mawdud 1180 1193 Nur al Din Arslan Shah I son of Izz al Din Mas ud 1193 1211 Izz al Din Mas ud II son of Nur al Din Arslan Shah I 1211 1218 Nur al Din Arslan Shah II son of Izz al Din Mas ud II 1218 1219 Nasir ad Din Mahmud son of Izz al Din Mas ud 1219 1234 Mosul was taken over by Badr al Din Lu lu atabeg to Nasir ad Din Mahmud whom he murdered in 1234 Zengid Emirs of Aleppo Edit Further information List of rulers of Aleppo Zengid Dynasty and Rulers of Aleppo Zengi 1128 1146 Nur al Din son of Zengi 1146 1174 As Salih Ismail al Malik son of Nur al Din 1174 1182 Imad al Din Zengi II 1182Aleppo was conquered by Saladin in 1183 and ruled by Ayyubids until 1260 Zengid Emirs of Damascus Edit Further information List of rulers of Damascus Zengid atabegs and Rulers of Damascus Nur al Din son of Zengi 1154 1174 As Salih Ismail al Malik son of Nur al Din 1174 Damascus was conquered by Saladin in 1174 and ruled by Ayyubids until 1260 Zengid Emirs of Sinjar Edit Further information Sinjar Islamic era Coin of Qutb al Din Muhammad bin Zengi Zengid Atabeg of Sinjar 1197 1219 Sinjar mint Dated AH 600 AD 1203 1204 Coin of Qutb al Din Muhammad bin Zengi Zengid Atabeg of Sinjar 1197 1219 Sinjar mint Dated AH 607 AD 1210 1201 Imad al Din Zengi II son of Qutb al Din Mawdud 1171 1197 Qutb ad Din Muhammad son of Zengi II 1197 1219 Imad al Din Shahanshah son of Qutb ad Din Muhammad 1219 1220 Jalal al Din Mahmud co ruler son of Qutb ad Din Muhammad 1219 1220 Fath al Din Umar co ruler son of Qutb ad Din Muhammad 1219 1220 Sinjar was taken by the Ayyubids in 1220 and ruled by al Ashraf Musa Ayyubid emir of Diyar Bakr It later came under the control of Badr al Din Lu lu ruler of Mosul beginning in 1234 Zengid Emirs of al Jazira in Northern Iraq Edit Further information Upper Mesopotamia Islamic empires Mu izz al Din Sanjar Shah son of Sayf al Din Ghazi II 1180 1208 Mu izz al Din Mahmud son of Mu izz al Din Sanjar Shah 1208 1241 Mahmud al Malik al Zahir son of Mu izz al Din Mahmud 1241 1250 In 1250 al Jazira fell under the domination of an Nasir Yusuf Ayyubid emir of Aleppo See also EditList of Emirs of Mosul List of Sunni Muslim dynastiesReferences Edit Canby et al 2016 p 69 Bosworth 1996 p 191 a b Legitimising the Conquest of Egypt The Frankish Campaign of 1163 Revisited Eric Bohme The Expansion of the Faith Volume 14 January 1 2022 Pages 269 280 a b Souad Merah and Tahraoui Ramdane 2018 INSTITUTIONALIZING EDUCATION AND THE CULTURE OF LEARNING IN MEDIEVAL ISLAM THE AYYuBIDS 569 966 AH 1174 1263 AD LEARNING PRACTICES IN EGYPT AS A CASE STUDY Al Shajarah Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization ISTAC January 245 75 a b Gencturk C SELAHADDIN EYYUBI VE NUREDDIN MAHMUD ARASINDAKI MUNASEBETLER Ankara Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 1 2018 51 61 a b EYYUBILER Icindekiler Tablosu Prof Dr Ramazan SESEN Mimar Sinan Universitesi Ayalon 1999 p 166 Irwin 1999 p 227 Hunyadi amp Laszlovszky 2001 p 28 Asbridge 2012 p 1153 Sources EditAsbridge Thomas 2012 The Crusades The War for the Holy Land Simon amp Schuster Ayalon David 1999 Eunuchs Caliphs and Sultans A Study in Power Relationships Hebrew University Magnes Press Bosworth C E 1996 The New Islamic Dynasties A Chronological and Genealogical Manual New York Columbia University Press Canby Sheila R Beyazit Deniz Rugiadi Martina Peacock Andrew C S 2016 Court and Cosmos The Great Age of the Seljuqs Metropolitan Museum of Art Hunyadi Zsolt Laszlovszky Jozsef 2001 The Crusades and the Military Orders Central European University Irwin Robert 1999 Islam and the Crusades 1096 1699 In Riley Smith Jonathan ed The Oxford History of the Crusades Oxford University Press Stevenson William Barron 1907 The Crusaders in the East Cambridge University Press Taef El Azharii 2006 Zengi and the Muslim Response to the Crusades Routledge Abington UK Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zengid dynasty amp oldid 1172064924, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
