The Forest Landscape Integrity Index (FLII) is an annual global index of forest condition measured by degree of anthropogenic modification.[1][2][3][4][5] Created by a team of 48 scientists, the FLII, in its measurement of 300m pixels of forest across the globe, finds that ~17.4 million km2 of forest has high landscape-level integrity (with a score from 9.6–10), compared to ~14.6 million with medium integrity (6–9.6) and ~12.2 million km2 with low integrity (0–6).
Forest Landscape Integrity Index 2019 map of the Earth. 0 = Most modification; 10= Least.
H.S. Grantham; A. Duncan; T. D. Evans; K. R. Jones; J. Walston; J. G. Robinson; M. Callow; T. Clements; H. M. Costa; A. DeGemmis; P. R. Elsen; P. Franco; S. Jupiter; A. Kang; S. Lieberman; M. Linkie; M. Mendez; C. Samper; J. Silverman; T. Stevens; E. Stokes; T. Tear; R. Tizard; S. Wang; J. E. M. Watson
^ abcGrantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC7723057. PMID 33293507.
^Elcacho, Joaquim (2020-12-14). "Descubre con este mapa dónde están los mejores bosques de tu país y del mundo" [Discover with this map where are the best forests in your country and in the world]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Barcelona. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
^"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity". Nature-based Solutions Initiative. University of Oxford. 2020-12-10. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
^Попова, Марина (2020-12-09). "Прямое влияние человека обошло стороной 40 процентов современных лесов" [Direct human influence bypassed 40 percent of modern forests] (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-12-16.
^"New Forest Landscape Integrity Index Reveals that Only 40 Percent of World's Forests Have High Integrity". WCS Newsroom. Wildlife Conservation Society. 2020-12-08. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
^Parrish, Jeffrey D.; Braun, David P.; Unnasch, Robert S. (2003). "Are We Conserving What We Say We Are? Measuring Ecological Integrity within Protected Areas". BioScience. 53 (9): 851. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0851:AWCWWS]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0006-3568.
^Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5978. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC7723057. PMID 33293507.
External links
Official site & map
March 20, 2023
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The Forest Landscape Integrity Index FLII is an annual global index of forest condition measured by degree of anthropogenic modification 1 2 3 4 5 Created by a team of 48 scientists the FLII in its measurement of 300m pixels of forest across the globe finds that 17 4 million km2 of forest has high landscape level integrity with a score from 9 6 10 compared to 14 6 million with medium integrity 6 9 6 and 12 2 million km2 with low integrity 0 6 Forest Landscape Integrity Index 2019 map of the Earth 0 Most modification 10 Least The FLII finds that most remaining high integrity forest landscapes are found in Canada Russia Rocky Mountains Alaska the Amazon the Guianas southern Chile Central Africa and New Guinea Low integrity forests on the other hand are found in Western and Central Europe the American Southwest South East Asia west of New Guinea the Andes much of China and India the Albertine Rift West Africa Mesoamerica and the Atlantic Forests of Brazil The results are meant to help decision makers at all levels achieve their commitments to the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity CBD Convention to Combat Desertification UNCCD and the Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC 1 Contents 1 Forest Integrity 2 Country rankings 3 Background 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksForest Integrity EditAn ecosystem is considered to have integrity when its structure composition and ecological processes are within their natural range 6 Country rankings Edit172 countries have been ranked 7 Forest Landscape Integrity 2019 Country Mean FLII Low integrity km2 Medium integrity km2 High integrity km2 Total forest area km2 Map Seychelles 10 0 0 68 68 Sudan 9 8 1 72 495 569 Guyana 9 58 4 162 40 817 147 413 192 391 South Sudan 9 45 5 083 59 389 146 218 210 691 Suriname 9 39 6 796 25 031 107 954 139 781 Mongolia 9 36 520 11 915 27 407 39 841 Central African Republic 9 28 30 161 139 350 379 097 548 608 Botswana 9 13 13 187 372 572 Gabon 9 07 11 780 118 348 120 852 250 979 Russian Federation 9 02 739 484 2 245 281 5 137 079 8 121 843 Canada 8 99 480 206 1 027 386 2 968 268 4 475 860 Congo 8 89 24 512 124 215 158 184 306 911 Kyrgyzstan 8 86 329 2 819 2 761 5 909 Peru 8 86 85 793 190 547 509 720 786 061 Afghanistan 8 85 90 1 475 977 2 542 Bhutan 8 85 1 620 16 769 10 140 28 529 Papua New Guinea 8 84 37 294 183 415 216 355 437 064 Vanuatu 8 82 734 5 322 4 448 10 504 Venezuela 8 78 64 650 170 792 351 112 586 554 Tajikistan 8 65 34 137 130 301 Bolivia 8 47 78 745 280 532 272 007 631 284 Namibia 8 43 5 13 17 36 Angola 8 35 105 487 284 054 315 895 705 436 Fiji 8 35 1 753 10 802 3 594 16 148 Colombia 8 26 150 737 272 442 428 320 851 499 Kazakhstan 8 23 6 068 18 926 15 294 40 288 Palau 8 09 45 333 9 387 North Korea 8 02 8 374 40 156 8 410 56 939 Cameroon 8 66 191 181 336 119 263 366 789 Equatorial Guinea 7 99 3 982 17 595 5 007 26 585 Georgia 7 79 6 982 17 803 9 784 34 570 Brunei Darussalam 7 71 1 102 2 842 1 498 5 442 Comoros 7 69 284 1 149 82 1 515 Iran 7 67 3 361 12 930 2 162 18 453 Ecuador 7 66 48 822 77 585 73 492 199 900 DRC 7 56 533 118 935 508 727 983 2 196 608 Micronesia 7 55 8 35 0 43 Brazil 7 52 1 374 902 1 354 961 2 338 101 5 067 963 Zambia 7 5 96 969 164 376 110 822 372 167 North Macedonia 7 42 2 034 7 090 459 9 583 Pakistan 7 42 2 090 7 859 1 139 11 088 Lesotho 7 4 1 4 0 5 Chile 7 37 56 849 41 971 93 537 192 357 Bahamas 7 35 741 1 935 399 3 075 Nepal 7 23 13 785 41 992 3 760 59 538 Australia 7 22 117 672 239 624 103 852 461 148 Argentina 7 21 98 249 189 966 72 557 360 772 Solomon Islands 7 19 6 871 15 310 3 149 25 329 Myanmar 7 18 129 745 220 188 96 924 446 857 Ethiopia 7 16 52 652 84 430 44 397 181 479 Mali 7 16 451 996 140 1 586 Somalia 7 16 347 1 384 46 1 777 China 7 14 533 800 974 431 301 051 1 809 282 Tanzania 7 13 123 997 159 712 122 812 406 521 New Zealand 7 12 34 503 44 155 35 334 113 992 Senegal 7 11 847 2 456 162 3 465 Timor Leste 7 11 1 783 7 008 47 8 838 India 7 09 117 992 254 792 54 428 427 211 Cyprus 7 06 388 1 026 18 1 432 Norway 6 98 39 343 67 383 16 627 123 352 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6 95 91 221 0 312 Mozambique 6 93 150 665 189 362 115 379 455 406 Mexico 6 82 193 908 280 445 121 842 596 195 Albania 6 77 2 426 5 256 122 7 805 Uzbekistan 6 77 214 227 199 640 Morocco 6 74 2 260 4 076 451 6 787 United States 6 65 1 328 079 1 144 693 658 645 3 131 417 Sao Tome and Principe 6 64 31 140 0 171 Trinidad and Tobago 6 62 1 478 2 176 418 4 072 Greece 6 6 14 548 27 833 1 078 43 459 Indonesia 6 6 535 370 509 018 431 973 1 476 361 Azerbaijan 6 55 4 820 7 189 1 534 13 543 Montenegro 6 41 2 949 4 778 82 7 809 Paraguay 6 39 78 538 102 626 29 877 211 041 Turkey 6 39 43 043 68 243 3 516 114 801 Taiwan 6 38 8 786 14 547 1 453 24 786 Cabo Verde 6 37 27 38 0 65 Panama 6 37 25 420 21 310 14 605 61 336 Cambodia 6 31 30 143 31 939 16 349 78 431 Turkmenistan 6 31 5 33 0 37 Zimbabwe 6 31 9 450 14 417 1 644 25 511 Nigeria 6 2 64 621 65 355 24 307 154 283 Chad 6 18 5 261 6 016 1 910 13 187 Saint Lucia 6 17 235 316 0 551 Belize 6 15 7 004 7 957 2 744 17 705 Bulgaria 6 09 18 884 26 325 847 46 057 South Korea 6 02 25 060 32 009 888 57 956 Thailand 6 86 276 89 326 33 612 209 214 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 99 13 387 17 031 574 30 993 Romania 5 95 38 395 48 394 607 87 395 Philippines 5 91 91 820 100 831 8 393 201 044 Togo 5 88 5 064 4 522 1 076 10 662 Benin 5 86 4 724 3 698 1 769 10 191 Sri Lanka 5 83 20 541 22 390 1 613 44 544 Japan 5 8 135 783 133 480 16 005 285 268 Malawi 5 74 12 514 12 167 2 396 27 078 Guinea Bissau 5 7 9 274 8 702 855 18 831 Laos 5 59 92 986 80 564 19 252 192 801 Armenia 5 46 1 894 1 681 3 3 577 Mauritius 5 46 567 478 0 1 045 Bangladesh 5 45 10 013 7 251 1 947 19 211 Cuba 5 4 22 605 18 460 1 632 42 697 Sweden 5 35 174 415 109 779 23 494 307 687 Vietnam 5 35 82 551 75 353 9 588 167 492 Serbia 5 29 17 513 14 112 516 32 141 Algeria 5 22 7 418 6 044 81 13 543 Kosovo 5 19 2 628 1 775 47 4 450 Tunisia 5 14 1 354 987 0 2 340 Finland 5 08 144 310 83 572 9 294 237 176 Jamaica 5 01 5 362 3 249 158 8 770 Malaysia 5 01 130 825 91 957 21 499 244 281 South Africa 4 94 45 489 34 968 3 196 83 653 Croatia 4 92 15 732 10 522 379 26 633 Guinea 4 9 81 702 54 877 2 895 139 475 Libya 4 85 15 2 0 17 Liberia 4 79 51 975 31 162 11 025 94 163 Antigua and Barbuda 4 72 114 92 0 206 Costa Rica 4 65 27 164 12 838 4 164 44 167 Madagascar 4 63 120 340 66 584 11 922 198 846 Gambia 4 56 181 85 0 266 Saint Kitts and Nevis 4 55 95 50 0 145 Ghana 4 53 57 519 28 901 2 160 88 580 France 4 52 161 987 49 496 74 121 285 604 Burundi 4 5 6 882 3 841 46 10 769 Liechtenstein 4 5 59 42 0 101 Honduras 4 48 57 899 23 802 3 692 85 392 Andorra 4 45 170 49 0 219 Uganda 4 36 77 303 36 381 7 507 121 190 Slovakia 4 34 17 615 8 165 0 25 781 Spain 4 23 82 770 46 013 133 128 916 Grenada 4 22 221 86 0 308 Eswatini 4 21 5 054 2 501 14 7 569 Kenya 4 2 28 427 13 558 4 702 46 686 Dominican Republic 4 19 19 890 9 364 518 29 772 Israel 4 14 170 85 0 255 El Salvador 4 05 8 837 2 947 0 11 784 Haiti 4 01 7 116 2 831 12 9 959 Guatemala 3 85 58 572 18 764 5 592 82 928 Rwanda 3 85 5 665 2 170 619 8 454 Slovenia 3 78 11 065 3 791 0 14 856 Lebanon 3 76 541 115 0 656 Italy 3 65 79 403 26 858 25 106 286 Cote d Ivoire 3 64 158 010 41 005 7 288 206 303 Syria 3 64 841 282 0 1 123 Belarus 3 63 77 870 20 847 91 98 808 Nicaragua 3 63 65 356 17 646 4 858 87 860 Uruguay 3 61 11 793 3 998 0 15 791 Iraq 3 59 104 9 0 113 Austria 3 55 36 666 12 422 21 49 109 Switzerland 3 53 13 636 4 412 10 18 058 Ukraine 3 3 89 540 20 183 176 109 900 Estonia 3 05 24 473 4 832 52 29 358 Jordan 2 79 12 0 0 12 Sierra Leone 2 76 52 512 11 858 640 65 010 Germany 2 28 122 168 11 307 0 133 475 Hungary 2 25 18 729 2 047 0 20 776 Poland 2 24 101 886 7 103 0 108 989 Moldova 2 2 3 113 202 0 3 315 Latvia 2 09 38 164 2 137 0 40 301 Czechia 1 71 32 161 1 611 0 33 772 United Kingdom 1 65 29 149 2 917 35 32 101 Lithuania 1 62 24 554 930 0 25 484 Belgium 1 36 8 803 297 0 9 099 Luxembourg 1 12 1 170 0 0 1 170 Singapore 1 11 170 2 0 172 Dominica 1 06 531 2 0 533 Ireland 0 92 5 283 96 0 5 378 Portugal 0 82 25 966 553 0 26 519 Netherlands 0 6 5 250 72 0 5 322 Egypt 0 56 4 772 218 69 5 059 Denmark 0 5 5 756 31 0 5 787 San Marino 0 01 7 0 0 7 Countries with high mean FLII 8 10 Countries with medium mean FLII 5 7 99 Countries with low mean FLII 0 4 99 Background EditThe index was authored by a global team of forest conservation experts including 1 Institution Author s Wildlife Conservation Society The Bronx H S Grantham A Duncan T D Evans K R Jones J Walston J G Robinson M Callow T Clements H M Costa A DeGemmis P R Elsen P Franco S Jupiter A Kang S Lieberman M Linkie M Mendez C Samper J Silverman T Stevens E Stokes T Tear R Tizard S Wang J E M WatsonUniversity of Queensland Brisbane H L Beyer S Maxwell H Possingham J E M WatsonCarleton University Ottawa R SchusterWildlife Conservation Society Canada Toronto J C RayUnited Nations Development Program Manhattan J ErvinWorld Resources Institute Washington DC E Goldman R TaylorNorthern Arizona University Flagstaff S Goetz P JantzMontana State University Bozeman A HansenRainforest Foundation Norway Oslo E HofsvangGlobal Wildlife Conservation Austin Texas P Langhammer R MittermeierArizona State University Tempe Arizona P LanghammerJames Cook University Cairns W F Laurance N J MurrayUniversity of Oxford Oxford Y MalhiThe Nature Conservancy Arlington Virginia H PossinghamJet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena California S SaatchiWorld Wide Fund for Nature Germany Berlin A ShapiroInternational Institute of Sustainability Rio de Janeiro B StrassburgUniversity of Northern British Columbia Prince George British Columbia O VenterInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg Austria P ViscontiSee also EditIntact forest landscape List of countries by forest areaReferences Edit a b c Grantham H S Duncan A Evans T D Jones K R Beyer H L Schuster R Walston J Ray J C Robinson J G Callow M Clements T Costa H M DeGemmis A Elsen P R Ervin J Franco P Goldman E Goetz S Hansen A Hofsvang E Jantz P Jupiter S Kang A Langhammer P Laurance W F Lieberman S Linkie M Malhi Y Maxwell S Mendez M Mittermeier R Murray N J Possingham H Radachowsky J Saatchi S Samper C Silverman J Shapiro A Strassburg B Stevens T Stokes E Taylor R Tear T Tizard R Venter O Visconti P Wang S Watson J E M 2020 Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40 of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Nature Communications 11 1 5978 Bibcode 2020NatCo 11 5978G doi 10 1038 s41467 020 19493 3 ISSN 2041 1723 PMC 7723057 PMID 33293507 Elcacho Joaquim 2020 12 14 Descubre con este mapa donde estan los mejores bosques de tu pais y del mundo Discover with this map where are the best forests in your country and in the world La Vanguardia in Spanish Barcelona Retrieved 2020 12 16 Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40 of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Nature based Solutions Initiative University of Oxford 2020 12 10 Retrieved 2020 12 16 Popova Marina 2020 12 09 Pryamoe vliyanie cheloveka oboshlo storonoj 40 procentov sovremennyh lesov Direct human influence bypassed 40 percent of modern forests in Russian Retrieved 2020 12 16 New Forest Landscape Integrity Index Reveals that Only 40 Percent of World s Forests Have High Integrity WCS Newsroom Wildlife Conservation Society 2020 12 08 Retrieved 2020 12 16 Parrish Jeffrey D Braun David P Unnasch Robert S 2003 Are We Conserving What We Say We Are Measuring Ecological Integrity within Protected Areas BioScience 53 9 851 doi 10 1641 0006 3568 2003 053 0851 AWCWWS 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 0006 3568 Grantham H S Duncan A Evans T D Jones K R Beyer H L Schuster R Walston J Ray J C Robinson J G Callow M Clements T Costa H M DeGemmis A Elsen P R Ervin J Franco P Goldman E Goetz S Hansen A Hofsvang E Jantz P Jupiter S Kang A Langhammer P Laurance W F Lieberman S Linkie M Malhi Y Maxwell S Mendez M Mittermeier R Murray N J Possingham H Radachowsky J Saatchi S Samper C Silverman J Shapiro A Strassburg B Stevens T Stokes E Taylor R Tear T Tizard R Venter O Visconti P Wang S Watson J E M 2020 Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40 of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material Nature Communications 11 1 5978 doi 10 1038 s41467 020 19493 3 ISSN 2041 1723 PMC 7723057 PMID 33293507 External links EditOfficial site amp map Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Forest Landscape Integrity Index amp oldid 1131304296, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
