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Kannada people

April 21, 2023

The Kannada people or Kannaḍigaru[a] (Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರು[b]), often referred to in English as Kannadigas, are a Dravidian ethno-linguistic group who trace their ancestry to the South Indian state of Karnataka in India and its surrounding regions.[5] The Kannada language belongs to the Dravidian family of languages.[6] Kannada stands among 30 of the most widely spoken languages of the world as of 2001.[7]

Kannadigaru
ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರು
Total population
c. 44 million[1][2]
Regions with significant populations
 India44 million[3]
Languages
Kannada
Religion
Majority:
Hinduism
Minority:
[4]
Related ethnic groups

Evidence for human habitation in Karnataka exists from at least the 2nd millennium BCE, and the region is said to have had contact with the Indus Valley civilization. In the 3rd-4th century BCE the land was ruled by the Mauryas and Jainism was very popular. It is said that Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya himself, after abdicating the throne to his son Bindusara, retired to the Shravanabelagola region with his Jain guru.

After the Mauryas, parts of Karnataka were variously ruled by dynasties who were either ethnically Kannadiga or from the outside. One of its most well-known empires, the Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Kannada chieftains who were great patrons of Kannada art and literature. The Kadambas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and Hoysalas were some of the other major Kannada kingdoms and dynasties ruling the region.

Karnataka was directly or indirectly engaged in trade with Rome in the 1st century C.E, as evidenced by the discovery of artifacts such as Roman coins in the region.

The Kannada language has written inscriptions since 450 CE. Kannada literature is mostly composed of poems and treatises on religious works. Kannada architecture is dominated by stone-carved sculptured palaces and temples. The ruins of Hampi are a UNESCO World Heritage site.

History

Main article: History of Karnataka
 
Gold coins issued by Kadamba King Toyimadeva, 1048 - 1075 A.D
 
Sala fighting the lion, the royal emblem of Hoysala Empire

The Brahmagiri archaeological site near Chitradurga district, central Karnataka attests to evidence of settlement in the Karnataka region from at least the 2nd millennium BCE. Excavations at the Chandravalli historical site has revealed interaction with Roman and Chinese travelers around the 2nd and 3rd century BCE.[8] Talagunda[9] and Halmidi inscriptions stand as the oldest known full-length inscriptions in Kannada.

The language was once popular from the Kaveri to Godavari rivers as mentioned in the Kannada classic Kavirajamarga of 850 CE.[10] Archaeological evidences show Kannada inscriptions found as far north as Madhya Pradesh (inscription of Krishna III) and Bihar.[11] Karnataka Expansion provides insights to kingdoms of northern India whose originators were from Kannada country.[12]

The major empires and kingdoms, their regal capital and most distinguished kings were:

 
Pulakeshin II the most celebrated ruler of Chalukya dynasty

Minor dynasties that have played an important role in the development of Kannada, culture and polity were Chutus of Banavasi (feudatory to Satavahana Empire),[13][14] Tuluva Dynasty of Canara,[15] Rattas of Saundatti (Belgaum),[15] Guttas of Guttal (Dharwad region),[16] Banas of Kolar,[17] Nolambas of Nolambavadi,[18][19] Vaidumbas,[20][21] Chengalvas,[15] Kongalvas,[15] Sendrakas of Nagarkhanda (Banavasi province), Yalahanka Nadaprabhu Kempegowda,[22] Sindas of Yelburga (Bijapur-Gulbarga),[16] Kadamba of Hangal.[23]

In addition, other well known kingdoms that patronized Kannadiga poets and Kannada language were:

Immigrants from Karnataka

In addition to those empires that ruled from the Karnataka region, based on inscriptions and literary evidence historians have discussed the possibility that kingdoms of Kannada origin were established in other parts of India as well.

Culture

Main articles: Folk arts of Karnataka and Art and culture of Karnataka

Architecture

Main article: Temples of Karnataka
 
Hampi, capital of Vijayanagara Empire

Architecture and Sculpture has been the epitome of art in Karnataka. Be it the musical pillars of Hampi, which is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site,[48] the ekashila (monolithic) statue of Gommateshvara Bahubali that was voted by Indians as the first of Seven Wonders of India,[49] the Yelu Sutthina Kote of Chitradurga (The Fort of Seven Laps) cutting across hill or the wholesomeness of carvings of temples which bared down all desires to be left out of it and formless (above all forms) all encompassing — the inner garbhagrihas.[citation needed] The temples of Karnataka had in them many shaili or varieties to credit. A majority of the temples were built using the locally available stones.

 
57-foot monolithic statue of Gommateshvara Bahubali dated 978–993 AD.
 
Traditional folk house with courtyard and tulasi katte.

Some of the places of interest are:

Pioneer sculptors include:

Modern day contemporaries include visionary architects such as:

 
Mysore religious icon painting depicting Goddess Saraswathi

Modern Kannada art is primarily influenced by Raja Ravi Varma and his realism. Popular visual arts generally revolve around puppetry. Most traditional religious paintings include works that are very colorful.

These are many of the places where art is displayed.

Music

Main articles: Musicians of Mysore kingdom, Dasa sahitya, Haridasa, and Vachana Sahitya

Dasa sahitya is the literature of Bhakti movement composed by devotees in honor of Lord Vishnu or one of his avatars. Dasa is literally "servant" in Kannada and sahitya is literature. Haridasas ("servants of God") were preachers of Bhakti to Vishnu. The bhakti literature of these Haridasas is collectively referred to as Dasa Sahitya. It is composed in the Kannada language.[56]

The Haridasas richly contributed to the heritage of Karntataka music.[56][57] They made an indelible impression on the religious and cultural life of Karnataka by spreading the didactic teachings in a musical form to the hearts of the common folk.[58] Like other doyens of Indian classical music, these scholars offered prayer to Vishnu through music, called naadopasana. The Lord is described as Samagana priya, and bhakti through music is the most preferred path to 'reach' Him.[59]

The Haridasa compositions are popularly known as Devaranamas. Compositions like Krishna Nee Begane Baaro, Venkatachala Nilayam, Jagadoddharana, Tamboori Meetidava are some of the many examples of their scholarly work.

 
Veena is the most commonly used instrument in Carnatic music.

Some noted Haridasas or composers of Dasa Sahitya are:

One of the oldest forms of music in the region is Karnataka Shastreeya Sangeetha which has evolved over ages. Both Hindustani and Karnataka variations are respected and nurtured by Kannadigas. Bhavageete and Sugama Sangeetha are some innovations. Other forms of music include Gamaka,[61] Joogera Pada and Lavani.[62] Yakshagana is considered a unique and indigenous form of both music and dance of Karnataka.[63]

Contemporary musical thespians are:

 
Veene Sheshanna (1852-1926) notable Veena player and composer.

Theater

 
Jaanapada artists at government-sponsored Jaanapadha Jaatre

Rangabhoomi or the theater culture is a tradition with Kannadigas. While a lot of gadhya (literature) is written in praise of the heroic characters of the epics and puranas, there are major works depicting the kings and their rule. These are called Naataka (plays having wide-ranging stages for performance like Rangamancha staged in either theaters or on streets) and Bayalata (ಬಯಲಾಟ).[67] As its etymology indicates, bayalu means open-air field and ata means theater. In southern Karnataka, the eastern and western varieties of Yakshagana are termed Bayalata, whereas in the north, several other distinct genres are included under the name.[68]

Harikathe which covers an entire night is another form where one (or more) person tells a story in an outstanding manner accompanied by music at background.[69] It is a common feature to narrate battles, stories, devotions or vratha in front of temples on auspicious days like Dasara and Maha Shivaratri.[70] Harikathe is a composite art form composed of story telling, poetry, music, drama, dance, and philosophy. Today, late-night Harikathe sessions are organized overseas where Kannadiga population is considerable.[71]

Togalu gombeyaata, is a unique puppet show form of shadow puppetry, Gombe ata involves story telling using character made from dolls, Whose performance is controlled by the humans in the background using invisible threads [72]

Vasanta Habba (ವಸಂತ ಹಬ್ಬ), which means "spring festival" in Kannada is a cultural festival organized by the Nrityagram foundation in Bengaluru. It is a very popular event and is considered the classical Woodstock of India.[73] First held in 1990, it now attracts the best musicians, dancers and cultural artists from across India.[74] Similarly,'Bengaluru Habba (ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ಹಬ್ಬ is a congregation of art performances at places in the city which is successfully celebrated every year. It aims to provide aesthetic entertainment to a wide cultural, social and demographic cross-section of the city's people by partnering with corporates and other stakeholders since 2003.[75] In 2006, the Government of Karnataka tried to bring the folklore and art into the city of Bengaluru by initiating Jaanapada Jaatre which was hugely successful and received well by art lovers. It is usually held on select weekends in Lalbagh and other parts of the city.[76]

Some famous theatrical, cinematic and television personalities like T P Kailasam, Gubbi Veeranna, C. Honappa Bhagavathar, G V Iyer, Dr. Rajkumar, Puttanna Kanagal, Kalpana, B. S. Ranga, B V Karanth, Girish Kasaravalli, Shankar Nag, T.S. Nagabharana, T N Seetharam have contributed for its richness.

Dance forms

Main article: Dances of Karnataka

The mystic and spirited reliving of legends and epics are the major depictions in dance forms. With the theater of battle scenes of heroism, loyalty and treachery, colour and pageantry are the main subjects. More are adapted with the course of nature and seasons adding colour to the harvesting seasons. Tribal forms of dance can be found limited in the regions inhabited by Soligas, of which Pinasee is a traditional dance form.[77] The people of Kodagu in the Western Ghats also have their own dance forms.

Some of the folk dances and classical dance forms in Karnataka include:

  • Dollu Kunitha, a popular drum dance accompanied by singing
  • Veeragase, It is vigorous dance which involves very intense energy-sapping movements performed by jangamas [78]
  • Kamsale, is a folk dance performed by the devotees of lord Male mahadeshwara with rhythmic instrument
  • Somana Kunitha / Chamana kunitha, a Form of mask dance, Somana kunitha is ritualistic performance during the festivals in temples, prominently glorifying village deities worshipped by the people since ages [79]
  • Pooja Kunita, A religious folk dance of Karnataka which is performed by holding Shakti devata on the head[80]
  • Suggi Kunitha, is performed during harvesting festival in Karnataka, Haalakki tribe living in coastal part of north canara perform this dance at the time of holy harvesting festival [81]
  • Goravara Kunitha is a treditional dance of kurubas which is dedicated to lord mialara linga
  • Yakshagana is a form of dance which is popular in coastal Karnataka [82]
  • Bhootha (Gana) Aradhane /Buta Kola, This form of dance is widely performed in coastal regions. A dancer personifying a bhoota (holy spirit) dances around the plinth with sword & jingling bells.
  • Gaarudi Gombe, where dancers adorn themselves with giant doll-suits made of bamboo sticks
  • Kolata, a stick dance
  • Huttari, is a form of dance performed by Kodavas during harvest festival
  • Moodalapaya, is the eastern form of Yakshagana which is popular in North Karnataka[83][84]
  • Bayalata, featuring stories of Puranas rendered as dance
  • Bharatanatyam is classical dance of Karnataka, too. It is referred to as Bharata Natya in Kannada. The form was mentioned in the Kannada text Manasollasa, written by Someshwara lll.
  • Jaggahalige Mela, is performed in hubli-dharwad region on the auspicious occasion of Holi & ugadi[85]
  • Karaga (festival), is celebrated annually which is dedicated to draupadi, Bengaluru Karaga is a notable event.

Martial arts

The martial arts more prevalent in parts of North Karnataka with Garadi Mane present in every village and a head to train the youngsters into fit individuals. Kusthi, Malla Yuddha, Kathi Varase (which can be seen depicted in Veeragase and similar to sword fighting), Malla Kambha (gymnastics on a pole structure with/without rope) are some of the prominent arts practised.

The Mysore Odeyars arrange kaalaga or fights like Vajra Mushti during Dasara festival which is made less frightening these days as they are publicly staged. Rock lifting, Bull race, Kusthi, and Kabaddi are popular sports.[86]

Yogasana, Praanayama and health-related camps are very popular throughout the state and some of the best Yoga practitioners can be found here. Art of Living is one such organization immensely popular all over the world.

Festivals

Kannadigas celebrate festivals throughout the year presenting the diverse culture and belief of the ethnicity. Festivals have varied reasons to celebrate.

In the countryside, a dana jaathre (livestock fair) is held which is a conglomeration of people where a local demigod is worshiped and a ratha or theru (chariots) are moved by the bhakthas and daasoha (free food) is arranged for the visitors.

North Karnataka has a unique blend of Hindu and Muslim brotherhood with people celebrating festivals in unison and exchanging goodwills owing to great revolutionary Shishunala Sharif and Guru Govinda Bhatta who had displayed their religious tolerance and spiritual unity of all religions.

Christmas is celebrated at large in Bengaluru and Mangalooru which host some of the oldest churches and educational institutions of the country. Buddha, Mahaveera, Shankara, Basavanna and Gandhi are remembered on their birth anniversaries.

Cuisine

Main article: Cuisine of Karnataka

The cuisine of Karnataka includes many vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes. One of the earliest Indian books with chapters on culinary preparations, Manasollasa, was from Karnataka, written during the reign of Kannada emperor Someshwara |||. The varieties reflect influences from the food habits of many regions and communities from the three neighbouring South Indian states, as well as the state of Maharashtra to its north. Soopa Shastra is notable medieval Kannada literally work written in 1508 A.D on the subject of Kannada cuisine.[87]

Some typical everyday dishes in Kannadigas homes include Bisi Bele Bath, Jolada rotti, Ragi rotti, Akki rotti, Masale rotti, Saaru, Huli, Benne dose, Ragi mudde, Chitranna, Chapathi, Poori, Avalakki, Puri Usli, Puliyogare (tamarind rice) and Uppittu. Dosa (food) origin is linked to Udupi cuisine. A recipe for dosa (as dosaka) can be found in Manasollasa.[88][89] Plain and rave Idli, Masala Dosa or Masale dosey and Maddur Vade are very popular in South Karnataka. Neer dosa is a delicacy from coastal Karnataka.[90] Davanagere Benne dose is a notable flavourful dosa. Kadubu, a kind of rice dumplings, is a popular and ethnic food in South Malnad regions such as Sakaleshpura, Mudigere, Somwarapete, etc. and is consumed with huchellu (black sesame) chutney.

Among sweets, Mysore Pak, Dharwad pedha, Chiroti, Jalebi, and Belagavi Kunda are well known. Hurnagadab, Karadantu of Gokak and Amingarh, Obbattu (bele hurana holige), Kaayi Kadubu, Kaayi (coconut) Obbattu, Shenga holige, Thambittu (tamta), Karji Kai, Ellu unde, Ginna, Halubai, Rave Unde, Otthu Shavige Kaayi haalu, a variety of Payasa (Shavige payasa, kadle bele payasa, Hesaru bele payasa, Sabakki payasa), Sajjige, and Kesari bat are popular sweets. Indis (chutneys) of Karnataka have a very distinct taste and flavour. Some popular ones include Shenga indi (groundnut), Agashi indi, Karal indi, Inichi indi, and Mavina indi (mango). Similarly, Karnataka uppinakai (pickles) too are very distinct from the rest, like Mavina thokku (fine mango pickles), Nimbekai uppinakai (lemon pickles), Tenga Mavina uppinakai (entire mango pickle), gaajri uppinkai (carrot pickle), and menshinikai uppinakai (chili pickle).

Some non-vegetarian dishes include: Dhonne biriyani, Bamboo biriyani, Mutton pulao, Mangalore fish curry, fish fry, Mangalore mutton and chicken Sukka, Mandya naati style Baaduta, Ragi mudde - Koli saaru, rice with Mutton sambar, Egg curry, Pork curry, chicken sambar, or gravy, and Boti gojju, among others.

Clothing

 
Girls in langa at a school function. The teacher has a sari and the boys are wearing kurta-pyjama

The costume of Kannada people varies from place to place. The Kannadiga male costume mainly includes panche (some tie as Kachche) or lungi (wrapping style depends on the region), Angi a traditional form of shirt and Peta turban worn in Mysuru style or Dharwad style. Shalya is a piece of long cloth which is put on shoulder commonly seen in the countryside. Many use Khadi in their clothing until date of which politicians are prominent ones.

Female costumes include Seere of which Ilakal Seere and Mysore silk are famous. Seere has variations of draping depending on regions like Kodagu, North and South Karnataka and Karavali. Young women in some parts of Karnataka traditionally wear the Langa davani after puberty. Kasuti is a form of embroidery work which is very popularly sought-after art on dress and costumes.

An Urban male costume comprises trousers, a shirt and sandals, while that of females include shalwar and moderate heeled sandals. Jeans are popular among the youth, while new age Khadi/silk printed with art or emblem also find place.

Karnataka has the only village in the country which produces authentic Indian national flags according to manufacturing process and specifications for the flag are laid out by the Bureau of Indian Standards at Hubli.[91]

Literature

Main articles: Kannada literature, Karnataka literature, and Modern Kannada literature

Kannada literature is filled with literary figures and pioneers all through. With an unbroken literary history of over a thousand years,[92] the excellence of Kannada literature continues into the present day: works of Kannada literature have received eight Jnanpith awards[93] and fifty-six Sahitya Akademi awards.

Pampa, Ranna and Ponna are considered as three jewels of Old Kannada (Halegannada). Janna was another notable poet of this genre.[94][95]

Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi, Allama Prabhu, Vidyaranya, Harihara, Raghavanka, Kumara Vyasa, Sarvajna, Purandara Dasa, Kanaka Dasa, Shishunala Shareefa, Raghavendra Swami etc. were pioneers of Nadugannada. All these have been involved with social and cultural movements and hence this was the golden era of literature which brought about a renaissance in Kannada literature. This period was amalgamation of literature works which crossed across boundaries under a vast roof encompassed by art and theater fields. The literature works of Kannada in Navodaya is crowned with eight Jnanpith awards.[96]

Some of the contemporary active institutions of Kannada literature are:

Noted travellers and linguists who contributed during the pre- and post-imperial eras include Germany's Ferdinand Kittel, England's Thomas Hodson, Persia's Abd-al-Razzāq Samarqandī and China's Huen-tsang.[citation needed]

Kannada journalism

 
Bhashyam Bhashyachar published "Mysuru Vrittanta Bodhini" in 1859.

Mangaluru Samachara was the first Kannada news publication as early as 1843 by German missionary Hermann Mögling.[98] Followed by Bhashyam Bhashyachar who is credited with publishing the first Kannada weekly from Mysore "Mysuru Vrittanta Bodhini" in 1859 under the royal patronage of Krishnaraja Wadiyar III.[99] Shortly after Indian independence in 1948, K. N. Guruswamy founded The Printers (Mysore) Private Limited and began publishing two newspapers, Deccan Herald and Prajavani. Presently the Times of India and Vijaya Karnataka are the largest-selling English and Kannada newspapers respectively.[100][101] D. V. Gundappa was notable Kannada journalist, he was awarded third-highest civilian award Padmabhushan in 1974.[102]

List of a few major newspapers:

Contemporary popular Kannadigas

Spiritual leaders

Gandhian philosophers

Modern science and technology

Environmentalists

Karnataka is one of the few states which, while a leading contributor for GDP of the country[103] and home for industries, has preserved its forests and wildlife. The evergreen Sahyadri and Western Ghats are home to protected Wildlife of Karnataka. The Kannada culture protects and balances Kaadu (forest) and Naadu (state) as can be seen. Although seen scantly still the state enjoys the diversity owing to tribal sects of Soliga, Badaga, Jenu Kuruba, Hakki Pikki, Lambani, Siddis and other inhabitants of forests. See Appiko Chaluvali.

Noted environmentalists include:

Current cricketers

Retired cricketers

Culture

Purana

The Puranas describe the region as Kishkindha in the age of the Ramayana. There is also literary evidence that the region of Mysore was called "Mahisha Mandala" after the mythological demon Mahishasura. Parashurama and Hanumantha are some epic characters to be cited relating to this place. Hanumantha (Hanuman) is said to be born in Kishkindha, Karnataka.

Punya Koti

One of the most popular and acknowledged Jaanapada songs is "Dharani mandala madhyadolage" which narrates an incidence between mother cow and an aggressive tiger in a place called Karnataka.

Vishwa Maanava

Karnataka as now can be viewed as a multicultural state – almost all the religions that can be found in India can be found here and there has been lot immigration as well due to which multi-ethnic diaspora can be seen. As the kingdoms provided a safe centres for development of all cultures we can see a huge diversities from region to region. Even the language and dialects varies from place to place. The language has evolved distinctly in both the backyard (folk/basic/prakrutha) and frontyard (refined and related to Samskrutha/Sanskrit) of the culture.[citation needed] It can be said that the major works of Sanskrit have originated and continues to evolve here.[citation needed] Shringeri, Udupi are some of nerve centres. One of the leading examples include a village near Shivamogga where people speak only Sanskrit until date. Bengaluru being Kannada majority has almost all language speakers of India, and kannadigaru are said to be tolerant and welcoming people.

 
Tha aikya linga of Basavanna – the ab-initio of social spiritual reformation and a known vachanakaara, at Kudalasangama

One of the most acknowledged concept is to be a Vishwa Maanava or universal being. In Kuvempu's ideology this has a renowned explanation "Every Child is born as a Vishwa Maanava or a Universal Human. It is we who make him Alpa Maanava or Little Human by putting various constrictions of borders rituals and castes. It hence becomes responsibility of our culture to again make him a Universal Being unbound and free." The Kannadiga culture is known to provide shelter and self-respect to people by owning them and their culture.[citation needed] Two colonies for refugees from Tibet are formed, one near Mundgod and one near Kushalanagara, protecting them from Chinese atrocities. Karnataka has sheltered flood victims of northeastern India like Assam and provided them jobs. One of the easily seen diversity is the surnames which vary from hugely like some may involve names involving a Hindu and Muslim name or having a Hindu Christian name (more found in Mangaluru) or even a Muslim Christian name.[104]

Political sphere

After the Odeyar era who already had established democracy by naming elected representative called Saamantha in southern regions as early as the 19th century, the 1947 partition brought a centre into being under democracy and Karnataka accepted a bicameral legislature. But this was a functionally a failure as there always has been a tug of war from centre and states to an extent that from the 1990s to 2010 there have always been different political parties operating at centre and state. North Karnataka had other problems of getting independence more from Nizams. So there were two spheres. Lack of will and coordination and constant fights have been hallmark of politics which has prevented a regional party/media from arising in the land. Kerala being a neighbour where hugely successful communist ideology in bringing up literacy levels has a backing here and a few naxalite outfits function in Karnataka.

Functional failure of all pillars of democracy even being upper riparian state can be clearly seen in the Kaveri River Water Dispute issue. The failure extended to bureaucracy and Karnataka reached the position of being fourth most corrupt state of India[105] due to political and bureaucratic lobby. Because of this, Lokayukta (see N. Venkatachala) was formed but could not get the required powers to deal with the powerful. In the field of press and journalism P. Lankesh and S. Gurumurthy[106] are some of the noted ones famous for their leftist affiliations.

Caste and Communities

Just like other Ethnolinguistic groups in India, Kannada speaking people also form a number of distinct communities. The two single biggest communities numerically are the Lingayat and the Vokkaliga from North and South Karnataka respectively,[107] while Scheduled Castes make up the largest cohesive group of communities. There are also numerous OBC (other backward communities) including the former pastoralist community of Kuruba, Scheduled Tribes like the Boya/Valmiki, scheduled castes like Banjara and Adi Karnataka. Kannada Brahmins are divided into several communities.[108][109] Although historically Jainism in Karnataka had dominant presence, Kannada Jains today form a small minority.[110] In Karnataka, 5 communities — Brahmin, Jain, Aryavaishya, Nagarthas and Modaliars — are outside the existing reservation matrix.

Horanadu Kannadigaru

Horanadu Kannadigas (or non-resident Kannadigas) are Kannadigas who have migrated to another state or country, people of Kannada origin born outside Karnataka, or people of Kannada origin who reside permanently outside of Karnataka. N R Narayana Murthy, speaking at the 2011 World Kannada Conference, opined that Kannadigas who move out of the state are respected everywhere.[111] Although the failure in political arena has reflected in the cultural isolation of emigrants, some of the successful functional bodies include Singara (Singapore),[112] Dehali Kannadiga (New Delhi), Mumbai Karnataka Sangha (Mumbai),[113] Mallige Kannada Balaga (Mauritius),[114] North America Vishwa Kannada Association (NAVIKA) and Association of Kannada Kootas of America (AKKA) in the United States have promoted cultural involvement[115] through events such as Kannadotsava. Significant Kannada minorities are found in the Indian states of Maharashtra in Kolhapur, Solapur and Sangli;[116] Tamil Nadu in Nilgiri, Erode, Dharampuri and Hosur;[117] Andhra Pradesh in Madakasira, Rayadurgam, Anantapur, Chitoor and Kurnool; Goa; Kerala in Waynad;[118][119] and in other Indian states.[116] The Kannadiga diaspora are found all over the world, in countries like the USA, the United Kingdom, Canada, and in the UAE.[120][121][122][123][124][125]

Unification of Karnataka

Main articles: Unification of Karnataka and History of Karnataka

First and Second World Wars

After occupying Mysore, British offered 8 acres & a Rs 75 salary for WWII volunteers from Karnataka.[126] Kannadiga regiments were disbanded after World War II.[127][128] records, as historians still debate about exclusion of revolts from south of Vindhyas against British Indian Army.[129]

From September 1939 until August 1945, recruitment was done at Regimental Centre at Belagavi for the Madras Regiment, the Mahar Regiment, and the Lingayat regiment.[130]

The post-1947 scene

During the period of British rule, state of Karnataka as it stands today did not exist. Areas that today comprise Karnataka were under as many as 20 different administrative units with the princely state of Mysore, Nizam's Hyderabad, the Bombay Presidency, the Madras Presidency and the territory of Kodagu being the most important ones. In effect, nearly two-thirds of what is now Karnataka fell outside the rule of the Wodeyar kings of Mysore. In addition the proposed state had six neighbours — Goa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala — and all had Kannadigas along the borders overlapping these regions.

What this meant for the Kannadigas in these regions was that they were reduced to linguistic minorities wherever they were. Kannadigas in the Hubli-Karnataka region for example, came under the rule of the Bombay presidency where Marathi was the official language. Those in the Hyderabad-Karnataka region came under the Nizam's rule where Urdu ruled, while in Mysore Kingdom, Kannada was the official language.

It was in this backdrop that the movement that first started as a protest against linguistic oppression, soon morphed into one that began demanding a separate state be created consolidating all Kannada speaking regions. This was essentially a movement that was spearheaded by the poets, journalists and writers and was called the Ekikarana or 'Unification' movement. India gained independence in 1947. The joy of independence soon gave way to disappointment as the new government started dragging its feet on Karnataka Ekikarana movement. Kannada speaking areas now got grouped under five administrative units of the Bombay and Madras provinces, Kodagu, and the princely states of Mysore and Hyderabad. The Akhila Karnataka Ekikarana Parishat met in Kasargod and reiterated the demand for a separate state for Kannadigas.

The ratification in parliament of the recommendations of the Fazal Ali Committee brought joy to the Kannada speaking population that now was merged under the state of Mysore.

On 1 November 1973, under Devaraj Urs as chief minister, Mysore state was renamed as Karnataka since it was felt that Karnataka was more 'inclusive' of all the other regions of Karnataka than the name Mysore.

Kannada unification organisations currently active include:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Kannadigas is a term obtained by adding the English suffix -s to Kannadiga to make it plural. Kannadigaru is the plural form in Kannada. Kannadiga is a masculine term; the feminine term is Kannadathi. Kannadigaru is essentially a masculine term as opposed to Kannadatiyaru but is used when the genders of group members are unclear in context.
  2. ^ Also ಕನ್ನಡದವರು (Sanskrit: कन्नडदवरु, romanized: Kannaḍadavaru) or ಕನ್ನಡಜನ (Sanskrit: कन्नडजना, romanized: Kannaḍajanāḥ)

References

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Further reading

  • John Keay, History of India, 2000, Grove publications, New York, ISBN 0-8021-3797-0
  • Suryanath U. Kamat, A Concise history of Karnataka from pre-historic times to the present, Jupiter books, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002) OCLC: 7796041
  • Dr. Romila Thapar, The Penguin History of Early India, From Origin to 1300 AD., 2003, Penguin, New Delhi, ISBN 0-14-302989-4
  • Altekar, Anant Sadashiv (1934), The Rashtrakutas And Their Times; being a political, administrative, religious, social, economic and literary history of the Deccan during c. 750 AD to c. 1000 AD, Oriental Book Agency, Poona, OCLC 3793499
  • K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, 1955, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002), ISBN 0-19-560686-8
  • R. Narasimhacharya, History of Kannada Literature, 1988, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 1988 ISBN 81-206-0303-6.
  • Malini Adiga (2006), The Making of Southern Karnataka: Society, Polity and Culture in the early medieval period, AD 400–1030, Orient Longman, Chennai, ISBN 81-250-2912-5
  • George M. Moraes (1931), The Kadamba Kula, A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 1990 ISBN 81-206-0595-0
  • Rice, B.L. [1897] (2001). Mysore Gazetteer Compiled for Government-vol 1. New Delhi, Madras: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-0977-8.
  • Chopra P.N., Ravindran T.K., Subrahmanian N. (2003), History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern), Chand publications, New Delhi ISBN 81-219-0153-7
  • Cousens, Henry, (1926), The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts, Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi, OCLC 37526233
  • Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999) [1999]. Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New Age Publishers. ISBN 81-224-1198-3.

External links

  •   Media related to Kannada people at Wikimedia Commons

April 21, 2023
kannada, people, this, section, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, this, section, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, js. This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Kannada people news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Kannada people or Kannaḍigaru a Kannada ಕನ ನಡ ಗರ b often referred to in English as Kannadigas are a Dravidian ethno linguistic group who trace their ancestry to the South Indian state of Karnataka in India and its surrounding regions 5 The Kannada language belongs to the Dravidian family of languages 6 Kannada stands among 30 of the most widely spoken languages of the world as of 2001 7 Kannadigaruಕನ ನಡ ಗರ Total populationc 44 million 1 2 Regions with significant populations India44 million 3 LanguagesKannadaReligionMajority HinduismMinority Jainism Buddhism Islam Christianity 4 Related ethnic groupsDravidiansTuluvasKonkanisKodavasTeluguTamilsMalayalisEvidence for human habitation in Karnataka exists from at least the 2nd millennium BCE and the region is said to have had contact with the Indus Valley civilization In the 3rd 4th century BCE the land was ruled by the Mauryas and Jainism was very popular It is said that Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya himself after abdicating the throne to his son Bindusara retired to the Shravanabelagola region with his Jain guru After the Mauryas parts of Karnataka were variously ruled by dynasties who were either ethnically Kannadiga or from the outside One of its most well known empires the Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Kannada chieftains who were great patrons of Kannada art and literature The Kadambas Chalukyas Rashtrakutas and Hoysalas were some of the other major Kannada kingdoms and dynasties ruling the region Karnataka was directly or indirectly engaged in trade with Rome in the 1st century C E as evidenced by the discovery of artifacts such as Roman coins in the region The Kannada language has written inscriptions since 450 CE Kannada literature is mostly composed of poems and treatises on religious works Kannada architecture is dominated by stone carved sculptured palaces and temples The ruins of Hampi are a UNESCO World Heritage site Contents 1 History 1 1 Immigrants from Karnataka 2 Culture 2 1 Architecture 2 2 Music 2 3 Theater 2 4 Dance forms 2 5 Martial arts 2 6 Festivals 2 7 Cuisine 2 8 Clothing 3 Literature 4 Kannada journalism 5 Contemporary popular Kannadigas 5 1 Spiritual leaders 5 2 Gandhian philosophers 5 3 Modern science and technology 5 4 Environmentalists 5 5 Current cricketers 5 6 Retired cricketers 6 Culture 6 1 Purana 6 2 Punya Koti 6 3 Vishwa Maanava 6 4 Political sphere 6 5 Caste and Communities 6 6 Horanadu Kannadigaru 7 Unification of Karnataka 7 1 First and Second World Wars 7 2 The post 1947 scene 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksHistory EditMain article History of Karnataka Gold coins issued by Kadamba King Toyimadeva 1048 1075 A D Sala fighting the lion the royal emblem of Hoysala Empire The Brahmagiri archaeological site near Chitradurga district central Karnataka attests to evidence of settlement in the Karnataka region from at least the 2nd millennium BCE Excavations at the Chandravalli historical site has revealed interaction with Roman and Chinese travelers around the 2nd and 3rd century BCE 8 Talagunda 9 and Halmidi inscriptions stand as the oldest known full length inscriptions in Kannada The language was once popular from the Kaveri to Godavari rivers as mentioned in the Kannada classic Kavirajamarga of 850 CE 10 Archaeological evidences show Kannada inscriptions found as far north as Madhya Pradesh inscription of Krishna III and Bihar 11 Karnataka Expansion provides insights to kingdoms of northern India whose originators were from Kannada country 12 The major empires and kingdoms their regal capital and most distinguished kings were Western Ganga Dynasty Talakadu Durvinita Kadamba Dynasty Banavasi Mayurasharma Mayuravarma Badami Chalukya Badami Pulakeshin II Pulakeshin II the most celebrated ruler of Chalukya dynasty Rashtrakuta Manyakheta Amoghavarsha I Hoysala Belur and Halebidu Veera Ballala II Kalyani Chalukya Basavakalyana Vikramaditya VI Southern Kalachuri Kalyani Bijjala II Vijayanagara Empire Hampi Hakka Bukka Krishnadevaraya Keladi Nayakas Ikkeri Shivappa Nayaka Chitradurga Nayakas Chitradurga Raja Veera Madakari Nayaka V Haleri Kingdom Kodagu Mudduraja Kingdom of Mysore Mysooru Chikka Devaraja WodeyarMinor dynasties that have played an important role in the development of Kannada culture and polity were Chutus of Banavasi feudatory to Satavahana Empire 13 14 Tuluva Dynasty of Canara 15 Rattas of Saundatti Belgaum 15 Guttas of Guttal Dharwad region 16 Banas of Kolar 17 Nolambas of Nolambavadi 18 19 Vaidumbas 20 21 Chengalvas 15 Kongalvas 15 Sendrakas of Nagarkhanda Banavasi province Yalahanka Nadaprabhu Kempegowda 22 Sindas of Yelburga Bijapur Gulbarga 16 Kadamba of Hangal 23 In addition other well known kingdoms that patronized Kannadiga poets and Kannada language were Eastern Chalukyas 15 Kakatiya dynasty 15 Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri 24 Shilahara 15 Kadambas of Goa 25 Immigrants from Karnataka Edit In addition to those empires that ruled from the Karnataka region based on inscriptions and literary evidence historians have discussed the possibility that kingdoms of Kannada origin were established in other parts of India as well The Karnata Dynasty founded by Nanyadeva I of Mithila and Nepal 11 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 The Chalukyas of Gujarat 34 35 The Chalukyas of Vengi Eastern Chalukya 34 36 37 The Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri 38 39 40 41 The Rashtrakuta family ruling from Berar modern Amravati district Maharashtra 42 The Rashtrakutas branch of Gujarat Lata branch 43 44 The Sena dynasty of Bengal 45 46 47 The Eastern Gangas of Orissa descendants of the Western Ganga Dynasty Culture EditMain articles Folk arts of Karnataka and Art and culture of Karnataka Architecture Edit Main article Temples of Karnataka Hampi capital of Vijayanagara Empire Architecture and Sculpture has been the epitome of art in Karnataka Be it the musical pillars of Hampi which is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site 48 the ekashila monolithic statue of Gommateshvara Bahubali that was voted by Indians as the first of Seven Wonders of India 49 the Yelu Sutthina Kote of Chitradurga The Fort of Seven Laps cutting across hill or the wholesomeness of carvings of temples which bared down all desires to be left out of it and formless above all forms all encompassing the inner garbhagrihas citation needed The temples of Karnataka had in them many shaili or varieties to credit A majority of the temples were built using the locally available stones 57 foot monolithic statue of Gommateshvara Bahubali dated 978 993 AD Traditional folk house with courtyard and tulasi katte Some of the places of interest are Ellora Caves houses the Kailasanatha temple of Ellooru was built by the Rashtrakutas Dynasty and is declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO 48 Kailasa Temple Ellora built by Kannara I Elephanta Caves island was a summer resort of Rashtrakuta kings and is declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO 48 Konark Sun Temple also called Surya Devalaya and Black Pagoda built in coastline of Odisha India by Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty is declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO 48 Ajanta Caves have sculptures of Rashrakutas and Badami Chalukyas and is declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO 48 Hampi houses the ruins of the Vijayanagara Empire and is declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO 48 Pattadakal is a vesara style of Hindu temple architecture a UNESCO World Heritage Site 50 Badami cave temples a regal capital of the Badami Chalukyas now famous for its sandstone cave temples 51 Aihole is known for its many temples 52 and inscriptions of Chalukya Pulakeshin II in the Old Kannada script 53 Basavakalyan a major centre of social and religious movement in the 12th century by Basava consists of temples in Chalukyan architecture 54 Itagi is home to the Shiva temple built by Vikramaditya Considered to be the best specimen of Kalyani Chalukyan art it has as many as 68 decorated pillars an ornate tower and a doorway of great workmanship 55 Lakkundi Belur Halebeedu Shravanabelagola Saumyakeshava Temple Nagamangala Lakshminarayana Temple Hosaholalu Mallikarjuna Temple Basaralu Ikkeri Keladi BanavasiPioneer sculptors include Amarashilpi Jakanachari Ruvari Malithamma Chavundaraya Siddalinga Swami K VenkatappaModern day contemporaries include visionary architects such as Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya father of modern Indian engineering Kannambadi Katte or KRS dam Kengal Hanumanthaiah Vidhana Soudha Mysore religious icon painting depicting Goddess SaraswathiModern Kannada art is primarily influenced by Raja Ravi Varma and his realism Popular visual arts generally revolve around puppetry Most traditional religious paintings include works that are very colorful These are many of the places where art is displayed Karnataka Chitrakala Parishat Chowdiah Memorial Hall Gaayana Samaja Ranga Shankara Nrithya Grama Ravindra Kalakshetra Gubbi Veeranna Rangamandira Janapada Loka Rangayana Ninasam Prabhat KalavidaruMusic Edit Main articles Musicians of Mysore kingdom Dasa sahitya Haridasa and Vachana Sahitya Dasa sahitya is the literature of Bhakti movement composed by devotees in honor of Lord Vishnu or one of his avatars Dasa is literally servant in Kannada and sahitya is literature Haridasas servants of God were preachers of Bhakti to Vishnu The bhakti literature of these Haridasas is collectively referred to as Dasa Sahitya It is composed in the Kannada language 56 The Haridasas richly contributed to the heritage of Karntataka music 56 57 They made an indelible impression on the religious and cultural life of Karnataka by spreading the didactic teachings in a musical form to the hearts of the common folk 58 Like other doyens of Indian classical music these scholars offered prayer to Vishnu through music called naadopasana The Lord is described as Samagana priya and bhakti through music is the most preferred path to reach Him 59 The Haridasa compositions are popularly known as Devaranamas Compositions like Krishna Nee Begane Baaro Venkatachala Nilayam Jagadoddharana Tamboori Meetidava are some of the many examples of their scholarly work Veena is the most commonly used instrument in Carnatic music Some noted Haridasas or composers of Dasa Sahitya are Purandara Dasa widely regarded as Karnataka Sangeeta Pitamaha or Father of Carnatic music 60 Kanaka Dasa a younger contemporary of Purandara Dasa Sripadaraja Vyasatirtha Vadirajatirtha Jagannatha Dasa Jayatirtha Gopala Dasa Vijaya Dasa NaraharitirthaOne of the oldest forms of music in the region is Karnataka Shastreeya Sangeetha which has evolved over ages Both Hindustani and Karnataka variations are respected and nurtured by Kannadigas Bhavageete and Sugama Sangeetha are some innovations Other forms of music include Gamaka 61 Joogera Pada and Lavani 62 Yakshagana is considered a unique and indigenous form of both music and dance of Karnataka 63 Contemporary musical thespians are Veene Sheshanna 1852 1926 notable Veena player and composer Pandit Bhimsen Joshi recipient of the Bharat Ratna India s highest civilian honor 64 Gangubai Hangal awarded both Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan in 1971 and 2002 respectively 65 C Aswath recipient of Karnataka Rajyotsava Prashasti for his immense contribution to Bhavageete 66 Veene Doraiswamy Iyengar Puttaraj Gawai Honnappa Bhagavathar P Kalinga Rao Balappa Hukkeri Mallikarjuna Mansur Basavaraja Rajguru Veene Sheshanna T Chowdiah Sawai Gandharva Kumar Gandharva Mysore Ananthaswamy Mysore ManjunathTheater Edit Jaanapada artists at government sponsored Jaanapadha Jaatre Rangabhoomi or the theater culture is a tradition with Kannadigas While a lot of gadhya literature is written in praise of the heroic characters of the epics and puranas there are major works depicting the kings and their rule These are called Naataka plays having wide ranging stages for performance like Rangamancha staged in either theaters or on streets and Bayalata ಬಯಲ ಟ 67 As its etymology indicates bayalu means open air field and ata means theater In southern Karnataka the eastern and western varieties of Yakshagana are termed Bayalata whereas in the north several other distinct genres are included under the name 68 Harikathe which covers an entire night is another form where one or more person tells a story in an outstanding manner accompanied by music at background 69 It is a common feature to narrate battles stories devotions or vratha in front of temples on auspicious days like Dasara and Maha Shivaratri 70 Harikathe is a composite art form composed of story telling poetry music drama dance and philosophy Today late night Harikathe sessions are organized overseas where Kannadiga population is considerable 71 Togalu gombeyaata is a unique puppet show form of shadow puppetry Gombe ata involves story telling using character made from dolls Whose performance is controlled by the humans in the background using invisible threads 72 Vasanta Habba ವಸ ತ ಹಬ ಬ which means spring festival in Kannada is a cultural festival organized by the Nrityagram foundation in Bengaluru It is a very popular event and is considered the classical Woodstock of India 73 First held in 1990 it now attracts the best musicians dancers and cultural artists from across India 74 Similarly Bengaluru Habba ಬ ಗಳ ರ ಹಬ ಬ is a congregation of art performances at places in the city which is successfully celebrated every year It aims to provide aesthetic entertainment to a wide cultural social and demographic cross section of the city s people by partnering with corporates and other stakeholders since 2003 75 In 2006 the Government of Karnataka tried to bring the folklore and art into the city of Bengaluru by initiating Jaanapada Jaatre which was hugely successful and received well by art lovers It is usually held on select weekends in Lalbagh and other parts of the city 76 Some famous theatrical cinematic and television personalities like T P Kailasam Gubbi Veeranna C Honappa Bhagavathar G V Iyer Dr Rajkumar Puttanna Kanagal Kalpana B S Ranga B V Karanth Girish Kasaravalli Shankar Nag T S Nagabharana T N Seetharam have contributed for its richness Dance forms Edit Main article Dances of Karnataka The mystic and spirited reliving of legends and epics are the major depictions in dance forms With the theater of battle scenes of heroism loyalty and treachery colour and pageantry are the main subjects More are adapted with the course of nature and seasons adding colour to the harvesting seasons Tribal forms of dance can be found limited in the regions inhabited by Soligas of which Pinasee is a traditional dance form 77 The people of Kodagu in the Western Ghats also have their own dance forms Some of the folk dances and classical dance forms in Karnataka include Dollu Kunitha a popular drum dance accompanied by singing Veeragase It is vigorous dance which involves very intense energy sapping movements performed by jangamas 78 Kamsale is a folk dance performed by the devotees of lord Male mahadeshwara with rhythmic instrument Somana Kunitha Chamana kunitha a Form of mask dance Somana kunitha is ritualistic performance during the festivals in temples prominently glorifying village deities worshipped by the people since ages 79 Pooja Kunita A religious folk dance of Karnataka which is performed by holding Shakti devata on the head 80 Suggi Kunitha is performed during harvesting festival in Karnataka Haalakki tribe living in coastal part of north canara perform this dance at the time of holy harvesting festival 81 Goravara Kunitha is a treditional dance of kurubas which is dedicated to lord mialara linga Yakshagana is a form of dance which is popular in coastal Karnataka 82 Bhootha Gana Aradhane Buta Kola This form of dance is widely performed in coastal regions A dancer personifying a bhoota holy spirit dances around the plinth with sword amp jingling bells Gaarudi Gombe where dancers adorn themselves with giant doll suits made of bamboo sticks Kolata a stick dance Huttari is a form of dance performed by Kodavas during harvest festival Moodalapaya is the eastern form of Yakshagana which is popular in North Karnataka 83 84 Bayalata featuring stories of Puranas rendered as dance Bharatanatyam is classical dance of Karnataka too It is referred to as Bharata Natya in Kannada The form was mentioned in the Kannada text Manasollasa written by Someshwara lll Jaggahalige Mela is performed in hubli dharwad region on the auspicious occasion of Holi amp ugadi 85 Karaga festival is celebrated annually which is dedicated to draupadi Bengaluru Karaga is a notable event Martial arts Edit The martial arts more prevalent in parts of North Karnataka with Garadi Mane present in every village and a head to train the youngsters into fit individuals Kusthi Malla Yuddha Kathi Varase which can be seen depicted in Veeragase and similar to sword fighting Malla Kambha gymnastics on a pole structure with without rope are some of the prominent arts practised The Mysore Odeyars arrange kaalaga or fights like Vajra Mushti during Dasara festival which is made less frightening these days as they are publicly staged Rock lifting Bull race Kusthi and Kabaddi are popular sports 86 Yogasana Praanayama and health related camps are very popular throughout the state and some of the best Yoga practitioners can be found here Art of Living is one such organization immensely popular all over the world Malladihalli Sri Raghavendra Swami K Pattabhi JoisFestivals Edit Kannadigas celebrate festivals throughout the year presenting the diverse culture and belief of the ethnicity Festivals have varied reasons to celebrate Agriculture Upon onset of monsoon sowing or harvest there are festivals celebrated like Chaandramana Ugaadi marking of new year Makara Sankranthi and Huttari Monsoon Dasara Navarathri Ayudha Puja and Deepavali Puraana Maha Shivarathri Varamahalakshmi Vrata Bheemana Amavasye Swarna Gowri Vratha Ganesha Chaturthi Naagara Panchami Ratha Sapthami Krishna Janmashtami Rama Navami Vijaya Dashami Vaikunta Ekadashi Naraka Chaturdashi Bali Padyami and others In the countryside a dana jaathre livestock fair is held which is a conglomeration of people where a local demigod is worshiped and a ratha or theru chariots are moved by the bhakthas and daasoha free food is arranged for the visitors North Karnataka has a unique blend of Hindu and Muslim brotherhood with people celebrating festivals in unison and exchanging goodwills owing to great revolutionary Shishunala Sharif and Guru Govinda Bhatta who had displayed their religious tolerance and spiritual unity of all religions Christmas is celebrated at large in Bengaluru and Mangalooru which host some of the oldest churches and educational institutions of the country Buddha Mahaveera Shankara Basavanna and Gandhi are remembered on their birth anniversaries Cuisine Edit Main article Cuisine of Karnataka Masale Dosey The cuisine of Karnataka includes many vegetarian and non vegetarian dishes One of the earliest Indian books with chapters on culinary preparations Manasollasa was from Karnataka written during the reign of Kannada emperor Someshwara The varieties reflect influences from the food habits of many regions and communities from the three neighbouring South Indian states as well as the state of Maharashtra to its north Soopa Shastra is notable medieval Kannada literally work written in 1508 A D on the subject of Kannada cuisine 87 Some typical everyday dishes in Kannadigas homes include Bisi Bele Bath Jolada rotti Ragi rotti Akki rotti Masale rotti Saaru Huli Benne dose Ragi mudde Chitranna Chapathi Poori Avalakki Puri Usli Puliyogare tamarind rice and Uppittu Dosa food origin is linked to Udupi cuisine A recipe for dosa as dosaka can be found in Manasollasa 88 89 Plain and rave Idli Masala Dosa or Masale dosey and Maddur Vade are very popular in South Karnataka Neer dosa is a delicacy from coastal Karnataka 90 Davanagere Benne dose is a notable flavourful dosa Kadubu a kind of rice dumplings is a popular and ethnic food in South Malnad regions such as Sakaleshpura Mudigere Somwarapete etc and is consumed with huchellu black sesame chutney Among sweets Mysore Pak Dharwad pedha Chiroti Jalebi and Belagavi Kunda are well known Hurnagadab Karadantu of Gokak and Amingarh Obbattu bele hurana holige Kaayi Kadubu Kaayi coconut Obbattu Shenga holige Thambittu tamta Karji Kai Ellu unde Ginna Halubai Rave Unde Otthu Shavige Kaayi haalu a variety of Payasa Shavige payasa kadle bele payasa Hesaru bele payasa Sabakki payasa Sajjige and Kesari bat are popular sweets Indis chutneys of Karnataka have a very distinct taste and flavour Some popular ones include Shenga indi groundnut Agashi indi Karal indi Inichi indi and Mavina indi mango Similarly Karnataka uppinakai pickles too are very distinct from the rest like Mavina thokku fine mango pickles Nimbekai uppinakai lemon pickles Tenga Mavina uppinakai entire mango pickle gaajri uppinkai carrot pickle and menshinikai uppinakai chili pickle Some non vegetarian dishes include Dhonne biriyani Bamboo biriyani Mutton pulao Mangalore fish curry fish fry Mangalore mutton and chicken Sukka Mandya naati style Baaduta Ragi mudde Koli saaru rice with Mutton sambar Egg curry Pork curry chicken sambar or gravy and Boti gojju among others Clothing Edit Girls in langa at a school function The teacher has a sari and the boys are wearing kurta pyjama The costume of Kannada people varies from place to place The Kannadiga male costume mainly includes panche some tie as Kachche or lungi wrapping style depends on the region Angi a traditional form of shirt and Peta turban worn in Mysuru style or Dharwad style Shalya is a piece of long cloth which is put on shoulder commonly seen in the countryside Many use Khadi in their clothing until date of which politicians are prominent ones Female costumes include Seere of which Ilakal Seere and Mysore silk are famous Seere has variations of draping depending on regions like Kodagu North and South Karnataka and Karavali Young women in some parts of Karnataka traditionally wear the Langa davani after puberty Kasuti is a form of embroidery work which is very popularly sought after art on dress and costumes An Urban male costume comprises trousers a shirt and sandals while that of females include shalwar and moderate heeled sandals Jeans are popular among the youth while new age Khadi silk printed with art or emblem also find place Karnataka has the only village in the country which produces authentic Indian national flags according to manufacturing process and specifications for the flag are laid out by the Bureau of Indian Standards at Hubli 91 Literature EditMain articles Kannada literature Karnataka literature and Modern Kannada literature Kannada literature is filled with literary figures and pioneers all through With an unbroken literary history of over a thousand years 92 the excellence of Kannada literature continues into the present day works of Kannada literature have received eight Jnanpith awards 93 and fifty six Sahitya Akademi awards Pampa Ranna and Ponna are considered as three jewels of Old Kannada Halegannada Janna was another notable poet of this genre 94 95 Basavanna Akka Mahadevi Allama Prabhu Vidyaranya Harihara Raghavanka Kumara Vyasa Sarvajna Purandara Dasa Kanaka Dasa Shishunala Shareefa Raghavendra Swami etc were pioneers of Nadugannada All these have been involved with social and cultural movements and hence this was the golden era of literature which brought about a renaissance in Kannada literature This period was amalgamation of literature works which crossed across boundaries under a vast roof encompassed by art and theater fields The literature works of Kannada in Navodaya is crowned with eight Jnanpith awards 96 Some of the contemporary active institutions of Kannada literature are Kannada Sahitya Parishat Academies operating as its wings include Tulu Konkani Kodava and Urdu A Byari academy is the latest academy opened in Karnataka 97 Noted travellers and linguists who contributed during the pre and post imperial eras include Germany s Ferdinand Kittel England s Thomas Hodson Persia s Abd al Razzaq Samarqandi and China s Huen tsang citation needed Kannada journalism Edit Bhashyam Bhashyachar published Mysuru Vrittanta Bodhini in 1859 Mangaluru Samachara was the first Kannada news publication as early as 1843 by German missionary Hermann Mogling 98 Followed by Bhashyam Bhashyachar who is credited with publishing the first Kannada weekly from Mysore Mysuru Vrittanta Bodhini in 1859 under the royal patronage of Krishnaraja Wadiyar III 99 Shortly after Indian independence in 1948 K N Guruswamy founded The Printers Mysore Private Limited and began publishing two newspapers Deccan Herald and Prajavani Presently the Times of India and Vijaya Karnataka are the largest selling English and Kannada newspapers respectively 100 101 D V Gundappa was notable Kannada journalist he was awarded third highest civilian award Padmabhushan in 1974 102 List of a few major newspapers Prajavani Samyuktha Karnataka Kannadaprabha Udayavani Vijayavani Hosa Digantha Vishwavani News Vijaya KarnatakaContemporary popular Kannadigas EditSpiritual leaders Edit Shivakumara Swami Siddaganga Matha Tumkur Karnataka Balagangadharanatha Swamiji Sri Adichunchanagiri Maha Samsthana Math Shivamurthy Shivacharya Mahaswamiji Taralabalu Jagadguru Brihanmath Sirigere Beerendra Keshava Tarakananda PuriGandhian philosophers Edit Kadidal Manjappa former chief minister of Karnataka H Narasimhaiah Kollur Mallappa B D Jatti former president and vice president of India Mailara Mahadevappa only person from Karnataka to accompany Gandhiji in Dandi salt sathyagraha march Gudleppa HallikeriModern science and technology Edit N K Naik Professor Emeritus at IIT Bombay Raja Ramanna Indian nuclear scientist and father of the Indian nuclear bomb Dr M C Modi Ophthalmologist and humanist C N R Rao Notable Solid state scientist and chairman of Science Advisory Council of GOI Recently awarded with India s highest civilian award Bharat Ratna K N Shankara Indian space scientist and master in satellite payload technology Shakuntala Devi Mathematics Vivek Murthy American physician serves as the 19th Surgeon General of the United States Narayan Hosmane Biochemistry and Cancer research S K Shivkumar Scientist ISRO telemetry ISRO associated with Chandrayaan 1 lunar probe Shrinivas Kulkarni Professor of astrophysics and planetary science at Caltech United States of America S Shankar Sastry Dean of the College of Engineering at the University of California Berkeley L S Shashidhara Developmental biologist geneticist and a professor and chair of Biology at Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research IISER M Visvesvaraya Indian scholar and engineer who also served as the Diwan of MysoreEnvironmentalists Edit Karnataka is one of the few states which while a leading contributor for GDP of the country 103 and home for industries has preserved its forests and wildlife The evergreen Sahyadri and Western Ghats are home to protected Wildlife of Karnataka The Kannada culture protects and balances Kaadu forest and Naadu state as can be seen Although seen scantly still the state enjoys the diversity owing to tribal sects of Soliga Badaga Jenu Kuruba Hakki Pikki Lambani Siddis and other inhabitants of forests See Appiko Chaluvali Noted environmentalists include Ullas Karanth tiger research biologists zoologist Tulsi Gowda Saalumarada Thimmakka Suresh Heblikar Poornachandra Tejaswi ornithologist litterateur Snake Shyam Krupakar SenaniCurrent cricketers Edit KL Rahul Prasidh Krishna Manish Pandey Mayank Agarwal Abhimanyu Mithun Vinay Kumar Stuart Binny Sreenath Arvind Krishnappa Gowtham R Samarth Shreyas GopalRetired cricketers Edit Anil Kumble Rahul Dravid Javagal Srinath Gundappa Vishwanath Vijay Bhardwaj Venkatesh Prasad B S Chandrashekhar E A S Prasanna Roger Binny Sunil Joshi Syed Kirmani Sujith Somasunder Dodda Ganesh David JohnsonCulture EditPurana Edit The Puranas describe the region as Kishkindha in the age of the Ramayana There is also literary evidence that the region of Mysore was called Mahisha Mandala after the mythological demon Mahishasura Parashurama and Hanumantha are some epic characters to be cited relating to this place Hanumantha Hanuman is said to be born in Kishkindha Karnataka Punya Koti Edit One of the most popular and acknowledged Jaanapada songs is Dharani mandala madhyadolage which narrates an incidence between mother cow and an aggressive tiger in a place called Karnataka Vishwa Maanava Edit Karnataka as now can be viewed as a multicultural state almost all the religions that can be found in India can be found here and there has been lot immigration as well due to which multi ethnic diaspora can be seen As the kingdoms provided a safe centres for development of all cultures we can see a huge diversities from region to region Even the language and dialects varies from place to place The language has evolved distinctly in both the backyard folk basic prakrutha and frontyard refined and related to Samskrutha Sanskrit of the culture citation needed It can be said that the major works of Sanskrit have originated and continues to evolve here citation needed Shringeri Udupi are some of nerve centres One of the leading examples include a village near Shivamogga where people speak only Sanskrit until date Bengaluru being Kannada majority has almost all language speakers of India and kannadigaru are said to be tolerant and welcoming people Tha aikya linga of Basavanna the ab initio of social spiritual reformation and a known vachanakaara at Kudalasangama One of the most acknowledged concept is to be a Vishwa Maanava or universal being In Kuvempu s ideology this has a renowned explanation Every Child is born as a Vishwa Maanava or a Universal Human It is we who make him Alpa Maanava or Little Human by putting various constrictions of borders rituals and castes It hence becomes responsibility of our culture to again make him a Universal Being unbound and free The Kannadiga culture is known to provide shelter and self respect to people by owning them and their culture citation needed Two colonies for refugees from Tibet are formed one near Mundgod and one near Kushalanagara protecting them from Chinese atrocities Karnataka has sheltered flood victims of northeastern India like Assam and provided them jobs One of the easily seen diversity is the surnames which vary from hugely like some may involve names involving a Hindu and Muslim name or having a Hindu Christian name more found in Mangaluru or even a Muslim Christian name 104 Political sphere Edit After the Odeyar era who already had established democracy by naming elected representative called Saamantha in southern regions as early as the 19th century the 1947 partition brought a centre into being under democracy and Karnataka accepted a bicameral legislature But this was a functionally a failure as there always has been a tug of war from centre and states to an extent that from the 1990s to 2010 there have always been different political parties operating at centre and state North Karnataka had other problems of getting independence more from Nizams So there were two spheres Lack of will and coordination and constant fights have been hallmark of politics which has prevented a regional party media from arising in the land Kerala being a neighbour where hugely successful communist ideology in bringing up literacy levels has a backing here and a few naxalite outfits function in Karnataka Functional failure of all pillars of democracy even being upper riparian state can be clearly seen in the Kaveri River Water Dispute issue The failure extended to bureaucracy and Karnataka reached the position of being fourth most corrupt state of India 105 due to political and bureaucratic lobby Because of this Lokayukta see N Venkatachala was formed but could not get the required powers to deal with the powerful In the field of press and journalism P Lankesh and S Gurumurthy 106 are some of the noted ones famous for their leftist affiliations Caste and Communities Edit Just like other Ethnolinguistic groups in India Kannada speaking people also form a number of distinct communities The two single biggest communities numerically are the Lingayat and the Vokkaliga from North and South Karnataka respectively 107 while Scheduled Castes make up the largest cohesive group of communities There are also numerous OBC other backward communities including the former pastoralist community of Kuruba Scheduled Tribes like the Boya Valmiki scheduled castes like Banjara and Adi Karnataka Kannada Brahmins are divided into several communities 108 109 Although historically Jainism in Karnataka had dominant presence Kannada Jains today form a small minority 110 In Karnataka 5 communities Brahmin Jain Aryavaishya Nagarthas and Modaliars are outside the existing reservation matrix Horanadu Kannadigaru Edit Horanadu Kannadigas or non resident Kannadigas are Kannadigas who have migrated to another state or country people of Kannada origin born outside Karnataka or people of Kannada origin who reside permanently outside of Karnataka N R Narayana Murthy speaking at the 2011 World Kannada Conference opined that Kannadigas who move out of the state are respected everywhere 111 Although the failure in political arena has reflected in the cultural isolation of emigrants some of the successful functional bodies include Singara Singapore 112 Dehali Kannadiga New Delhi Mumbai Karnataka Sangha Mumbai 113 Mallige Kannada Balaga Mauritius 114 North America Vishwa Kannada Association NAVIKA and Association of Kannada Kootas of America AKKA in the United States have promoted cultural involvement 115 through events such as Kannadotsava Significant Kannada minorities are found in the Indian states of Maharashtra in Kolhapur Solapur and Sangli 116 Tamil Nadu in Nilgiri Erode Dharampuri and Hosur 117 Andhra Pradesh in Madakasira Rayadurgam Anantapur Chitoor and Kurnool Goa Kerala in Waynad 118 119 and in other Indian states 116 The Kannadiga diaspora are found all over the world in countries like the USA the United Kingdom Canada and in the UAE 120 121 122 123 124 125 Unification of Karnataka EditMain articles Unification of Karnataka and History of Karnataka First and Second World Wars Edit After occupying Mysore British offered 8 acres amp a Rs 75 salary for WWII volunteers from Karnataka 126 Kannadiga regiments were disbanded after World War II 127 128 records as historians still debate about exclusion of revolts from south of Vindhyas against British Indian Army 129 From September 1939 until August 1945 recruitment was done at Regimental Centre at Belagavi for the Madras Regiment the Mahar Regiment and the Lingayat regiment 130 The post 1947 scene Edit During the period of British rule state of Karnataka as it stands today did not exist Areas that today comprise Karnataka were under as many as 20 different administrative units with the princely state of Mysore Nizam s Hyderabad the Bombay Presidency the Madras Presidency and the territory of Kodagu being the most important ones In effect nearly two thirds of what is now Karnataka fell outside the rule of the Wodeyar kings of Mysore In addition the proposed state had six neighbours Goa Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Kerala and all had Kannadigas along the borders overlapping these regions What this meant for the Kannadigas in these regions was that they were reduced to linguistic minorities wherever they were Kannadigas in the Hubli Karnataka region for example came under the rule of the Bombay presidency where Marathi was the official language Those in the Hyderabad Karnataka region came under the Nizam s rule where Urdu ruled while in Mysore Kingdom Kannada was the official language It was in this backdrop that the movement that first started as a protest against linguistic oppression soon morphed into one that began demanding a separate state be created consolidating all Kannada speaking regions This was essentially a movement that was spearheaded by the poets journalists and writers and was called the Ekikarana or Unification movement India gained independence in 1947 The joy of independence soon gave way to disappointment as the new government started dragging its feet on Karnataka Ekikarana movement Kannada speaking areas now got grouped under five administrative units of the Bombay and Madras provinces Kodagu and the princely states of Mysore and Hyderabad The Akhila Karnataka Ekikarana Parishat met in Kasargod and reiterated the demand for a separate state for Kannadigas The ratification in parliament of the recommendations of the Fazal Ali Committee brought joy to the Kannada speaking population that now was merged under the state of Mysore On 1 November 1973 under Devaraj Urs as chief minister Mysore state was renamed as Karnataka since it was felt that Karnataka was more inclusive of all the other regions of Karnataka than the name Mysore Kannada unification organisations currently active include Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha Karnataka Ekikarana Samithi Karnataka Rakshana Vedike Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha Karnataka EmblemSee also EditKannada film industry Kannada language Kannada literature Kannada poetry Karnataka Karnataka literature List of people from Bangalore List of people from Karnataka List of people of North Karnataka North Karnataka Sanganakallu Siribhoovalaya a unique literary work 131 Notes Edit Kannadigas is a term obtained by adding the English suffix s to Kannadiga to make it plural Kannadigaru is the plural form in Kannada Kannadiga is a masculine term the feminine term is Kannadathi Kannadigaru is essentially a masculine term as opposed to Kannadatiyaru but is used when the genders of group members are unclear in context Also ಕನ ನಡದವರ Sanskrit कन नडदवर romanized Kannaḍadavaru or ಕನ ನಡಜನ Sanskrit कन नडजन romanized Kannaḍajanaḥ References Edit Statement 1 Abstract of speakers strength of languages and mother tongues 2021 Kannada people at Ethnologue 21st ed 2018 Statement 1 Abstract of speakers strength of languages and mother tongues 2011 Population by religion community 2011 Census of India 2011 The Registrar General amp Census Commissioner India Archived from the original on 25 August 2015 The Karnataka Official Language Act PDF Official website of Department of Parliamentary Affairs and Legislation Government of Karnataka Retrieved 29 June 2007 Encyclopedia of World Cultures Canarese Kannadiga Encyclopedia com Retrieved 17 September 2013 Census of India Website Office of the Registrar General amp Census Commissioner India censusindia gov in Retrieved 16 March 2020 Chandravalli Kannada inscription at Talagunda may replace Halmidi as oldest 12 January 2017 Sastri 1955 pp 355 356 a b Thapar Romila 2003 p 433 The Penguin History of Early India From Origin to 1300 AD 2003 Penguin New Delhi ISBN 0 14 302989 4 Kamath 2001 pp 84 90 Moraes 1931 p 4 Purava HaleGannada or Pre old Kannada was the language of Banavasi in the early Christian era the Satavahana and Kadamba eras Wilks in Rice B L 1897 p 490 a b c d e f g Narasimhacharya 1988 p 68 a b Cousens 1996 p15 Mahalingam in Adiga 2006 p 130 Adiga 2006 p 134 Their territory included modern Tumkur Chitradurga Kolar Bellary and Bangalore districts Chopra et al 2003 part 1 p 163 Adiga 2006 p 142 They were an Andhra dynasty who ruled over Kurnool Cuddappah in the 10th century There inscriptions are in Telugu and Kannada Chopra et al 2003 part 1 p 163 Also known as the Kempegowda family builders of modern Bangalore Kamath 2001 pp 240 241 Two coins of the Hangal Kadambas exist one with the Kannada inscription Saarvadhari and other with Nakara They are preserved in the Royal Asiatic Society and Indian Historical Research Institute Mumbai Moraes 1931 p 385 Kamath 2001 pp 143 144 The coins of the Kadambas of Goa are unique in that they have alternate inscription of the king s name in Kannada and Devanagari in triplicate This shows that the native vernacular of the Goa Kadambas was Kannada Moraes 1931 p 384 Kamat Suryanath U 2001 p 8 A Concise history of Karnataka from pre historic times to the present Jupiter books MCC Bangalore 2001 Reprinted 2002 OCLC 7796041 Bose Manilal 1998 p 28 Social and Cultural History of Ancient India Concept Publishing Company ISBN 81 7022 598 1 Makhan Jha 1997 pp52 53 Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms A Study in Civilizational Perspective M D Publications Pvt Ltd ISBN 81 7533 034 1 S R Bakshi S Gajrani Hari Singh 2005 p 254 Early Aryans to Swaraj Sarup amp Sons ISBN 81 7625 537 8 Sengupta Nitish K 2011 p50 Land of Two Rivers A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib Penguin Books Chapter The Sen Dynasty ISBN 9780143416784 Desai Pandurang Bhimarao 1970 p 213 A History of Karnataka From Pre history to Unification Kannada Research Institute Karnatak University OCLC 203297 Mishra Jayakanta in Ayyappa Paniker 1997 p 280 p 289 Medieval Indian Literature Surveys and selections Sahitya Akademi ISBN 81 260 0365 0 Pollock Sheldon 2006 p 417 note 79 The Language of the Gods in the World of Men Sanskrit Culture and Power in Premodern India University of California Press ISBN 9780520260030 a b Altekar in Kamath 2001 p 73 Altekar 1934 pp 21 22 Keay 2000 p 170 The Eastern Chalukyas were originally of Kannada stock who later encouraged Telugu Dr K S S Seshan University of Hyderabad APOnline History of Andhra Pradesh ancient period Eastern Chalukyas Revenue Department Gazetteers Government of Andhra Pradesh Tata Consultancy Services Archived from the original on 6 December 2006 Retrieved 12 November 2006 Shrinivas Ritti and A V Narasimha Murthy in Kamath 2001 p 137 Seuna coins carry Kannada legends from the beginning of their rule O P Varma in Kamath 2001 p 137 Masica Colin P 1991 Subsequent Spread of Indo Aryan The Indo Aryan Languages Cambridge University Press p 45 ISBN 0 521 29944 6 Majority of the Seuna inscriptions are in Kannada and during the formation of the kingdom the Nasik Ahamadnagar region Seuna Desa was a Kannada territory Kamath 2001 p 137 A Kannada dynasty may have been created in Berar under the rule of Badami Chalukyas Altekar 1934 pp 21 22 The Gujarat Rashtrakutas signed even their Sanskrit records in Kannada because that was the language of the place of their origin D R Bhandarkar in Kamath 2001 p 73 The Gujarat Rashtrakutas would not have signed their inscriptions in Kannada language in far away Gujarat unless they were Kannadigas Altekar 1934 pp 21 22 B P Sinha in George E Somers Dynastic History of Magadha p 214 Abhinav Publications 1977 New Delhi ISBN 81 7017 059 1 Sen 1999 p282 Majumdar R C 1977 Ancient India Motilal Banarsidass Publishers p 320 New Delhi ISBN 81 208 0436 8 a b c d e f Group of Monuments at Hampi Hampei World Heritage Retrieved 20 December 2006 And India s 7 wonders The Times of India 5 August 2007 The Chalukyan magnificence Usurped Badami Cave Temple Archived from the original on 1 February 2009 Retrieved 2 March 2009 Aihole Temple relocation The Hindu 20 February 2007 Archived from the original on 15 October 2007 Retrieved 17 September 2013 Message with Long Life Indian Inscriptions Dr Jyotsna Kamat Retrieved 5 May 2009 Basavakalyan getting facelift The Hindu 8 August 2007 Archived from the original on 4 June 2008 Retrieved 17 September 2013 Kalyani Chalukyan temples Templenet Retrieved 17 September 2013 a b Haridasa Contribution to Kannada Literature Nilakanta Sastri K A 2002 1955 A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar New Delhi Indian Branch Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 560686 8 Sharma B N K 2000 1961 History of Dvaita school of Vedanta and its Literature Bombay Motilal Banarasidass ISBN 81 208 1575 0 OurKarnataka com OKC History of Karnataka The Haridasa Movement Ourkarnataka com Retrieved 17 September 2013 The Hindu Online Hinduonnet com 10 February 2005 Archived from the original on 6 December 2012 Retrieved 17 September 2013 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Ornamentation in South Indian Music and the Violin By Gordon N Swift PDF Archived from the original PDF on 17 June 2013 Retrieved 17 September 2013 Thielemann Selina 2000 The Music of South Asia New Delhi A P H Publishing Corp p 521 ISBN 978 81 7648 057 4 OurKarnataka com OKC YAKSHAGANA The music of celestial beings Ourkarnataka com Retrieved 17 September 2013 Bharat Ratna for Vocalist Pandit Bhimsen Joshi Rediff Retrieved 21 February 2009 Padma Awards Ministry of Communications and Information Technology India Retrieved 16 May 2009 About C Aswath Caswath com Archived from the original on 23 July 2011 Retrieved 17 September 2013 Manohar Laxman Varadpande 1992 History of Indian theatre Volume 2 Abhinav Publications p 311 ISBN 978 81 7017 278 9 Karnataka Folk Theatre Imitation of the Divine Indiaprofile com Retrieved 17 September 2013 Special Correspondent 20 June 2011 Harikatha sapthaha from today The Hindu Retrieved 17 September 2013 20 000 devotees to get together for Shivratri The New Indian Express Retrieved 17 September 2013 Auckland Kannadigas enjoyed Harikathe on the occasion of Dasara Archived 29 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine The puppet theatre tradition of Karnataka INDIAN CULTURE Retrieved 16 October 2022 Vasanthahabba from February 2 The Times of India 29 January 2002 Archived from the original on 17 October 2012 Kavita Mandana A spring in their step Online Edition of The Deccan Herald dated 2004 01 17 The Printers Mysore Private Ltd Archived from the original on 14 May 2014 Retrieved 12 August 2007 About Bengaluru Habba Bengaluruhabba co in 22 January 2012 Retrieved 17 September 2013 Jaanapada Jaatre The Hindu Soliga welcome planned for Kalam The Hindu VEERAGASE DANCE KARNATAKA INDIA Dance Ask 16 December 2017 Retrieved 15 October 2022 Somana Kunita Art form of Karnataka Southtourism www southtourism in Retrieved 15 October 2022 Karnataka Art Form szccindia org Retrieved 15 October 2022 Sharma Shweta 24 January 2021 Suggi Kunitha Dance of Karnataka Retrieved 15 October 2022 Yakshagana is one of the most popular folk theatre forms of Karnataka It is noted for its music colourful costumes vigorous dance movements subtle expressions and extempore dialogues Yakshagana has two main variations each of which has many variations Moodalapaya the eastern form which is popular in north Karnataka and Paduvalapaya western style also known as coastal Yakshagana Of the two the coastal Yakshagana is more popular for the great sophistication that it has achieved over t Foto de Mangalore Dakshina Kannada District Tripadvisor www tripadvisor pt in European Portuguese Retrieved 15 October 2022 Yakshagana is one of the most popular folk theatre forms of Karnataka It is noted for its music colourful costumes vigorous dance movements subtle expressions and extempore dialogues Yakshagana has two main variations each of which has many variations Moodalapaya the eastern form which is popular in north Karnataka and Paduvalapaya western style also known as coastal Yakshagana Of the two the coastal Yakshagana is more popular for the great sophistication that it has achieved over t Foto de Mangalore Dakshina Kannada District Tripadvisor www tripadvisor pt in European Portuguese Retrieved 1 July 2022 Yakshaganam Kasaragod Kerala India Kerala Tourism Bekal Retrieved 1 July 2022 Story of Kannadiga kannada and Karnataka Folk Dances of Karnataka Story of Kannadiga kannada and Karnataka Retrieved 16 October 2022 Details regarding Dasara Wrestling competition held in Mysore is provided by Shankar Bennur Dasara wrestling to offer thunder bouts Online Edition of The Deccan Herald dated 2005 09 30 2005 The Printers Mysore Private Ltd Archived from the original on 14 May 2014 Retrieved 4 April 2007 Culinary Traditions of Medieval Karnataka The Soopa Shastra of Mangarasa III p 9 22 Raja M The dosa like most other south Indian culinary exports is often linked to Udupi a small temple town in the state of Karnataka India s new offering to curry Western flavor Asia Times 24 June 2004 Archived from the original on 2 February 2004 Retrieved 23 August 2010 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link CS1 maint unfit URL link Nair P Thankappan 2004 South Indians in Kolkata History of Kannadigas Konkanis Malayalees Tamilians Telugus South Indian Dishes and Tippoo Sultan s Heirs in Calcutta Punthi Pustak ISBN 978 81 86791 50 9 Asia Times Online The best news coverage from South Asia 2 February 2004 Archived from the original on 2 February 2004 Retrieved 26 July 2022 Karnataka Khadi Gramodyog Samyukta Sangh Federation Hubli Khadifederation com Retrieved 17 September 2013 The living bard Deccan Herald October 2011 Prasad 19 September 2011 ಡ ಚ ದ ರಶ ಖರ ಕ ಬ ರರ ಗ ಜ ಞ ನಪ ಠ ಪ ರಶಸ ತ Thatskannada oneindia in Retrieved 17 September 2013 Ramanujan A K 1973 Speaking of Siva Harmondsworth Penguin p 11 ISBN 0 14 044270 7 R S Mugali 2006 The Heritage of Karnataka pp 173 175 ISBN 1 4067 0232 3 Jnanpith for Kambar TheHindu com accessed 16 January 2022 Government establishes Beary Academy The Hindu Chennai India 25 August 2007 Archived from the original on 1 October 2007 Hermann Mogling s contribution to the Kannada literature is mentioned by Shrinivas Havanur Herr Kannada Online Edition of The Deccan Herald 2004 01 18 1999 The Printers Mysore Private Ltd Archived from the original on 14 May 2014 Retrieved 1 May 2007 Bellary Shamanna Kesavan 1988 History of Printing and Publishing in India Volume 2 p 48 Shuma Raha 19 November 2006 Battleground Bangalore The Telegraph Archived from the original on 30 September 2007 Times Group acquires Vijayanand Printers Online Edition of The Times of India dated 2006 06 15 Times Internet Limited Retrieved 8 June 2007 Padma Bhushan Awardees Archived from the original on 9 August 2014 Retrieved 17 January 2017 GDP contribution Kar nic in Archived from the original on 14 March 2012 Retrieved 17 September 2013 CULTIVATION OF SANDALWOOD Karnataka Soaps amp Detergents Limited Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 Retrieved 23 July 2017 Bureaucratic Corruption Rediff com Retrieved 17 September 2013 S Gurumurthy of The New Indian Express Archived 8 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Bharadwaj K V Aditya 8 November 2022 In Karnataka five communities with 4 population will fall under EWS quota The Hindu Harish Ramaswamy 2007 Karnataka Government and Politics Concept Publishing Company pp 398 399 ISBN 978 81 8069 397 7 Karnataka State Gazetteer Mysore Director of Print Stationery and Publications at the Government Press 1988 p 157 Jainism and Karnataka Culture by Shripad Rama Sharma page 13 2017 Belgaum 11 March DHNS 11 March 2011 NRN opens heart to Kannadigas Deccan Herald Retrieved 17 September 2013 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Singara Kannada Sangha Singapore Archived 10 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine Karnataka Sangha Mumbai Karnataka Sangha Mumbai Retrieved 17 September 2013 Mallige Kannada Balaga Spreading Fragrance of Karnataka in Mauritius Daijiworld com Retrieved 17 September 2013 TNN 5 January 2002 AKKA to host world Kannada meet in US from 2 September The Times of India Archived from the original on 16 September 2012 a b LIS India Regions amp Departements France Kannadigas TN s 3rd biggest group Bengaluru News Times of India The Times of India 16 April 2008 Indiaspeak English is our 2nd language The Times of India 14 March 2010 Archived from the original on 4 May 2011 Retrieved 12 February 2013 Kannadigas outnumber Malayalis 2 1 in Tamil Nadu The Times of India 15 April 2008 NRI Forum Karnataka Navika Home akkaonline org Singara ಕನ ನಡ ಸ ಘ ಸ ಯ ಕ ರಮ ಟ Kannada Sangha of Sacramento KKK Club Membership Kuwait Kannada Koota https pbs twimg com media BsmVIxXCQAAmPBJ jpg bare URL image file Raghu Karnad rkarnad 15 July 2014 Kannadigas in WW2 Joining up for the swag 8 acres amp a Rs 75 salary A full Lingayat battalion was raised in 41 Tweet via Twitter There is a Lot in a Name Archived from the original on 7 June 2013 Historians pick Vizag revolt as first war of Independence Deccan Chronicle 20 July 2017 Lingayat Battalion Pustak Shakti Press Release 1 www pustakshakti com Archived from the original on 28 September 2007 Further reading EditJohn Keay History of India 2000 Grove publications New York ISBN 0 8021 3797 0 Suryanath U Kamat A Concise history of Karnataka from pre historic times to the present Jupiter books MCC Bangalore 2001 Reprinted 2002 OCLC 7796041 Dr Romila Thapar The Penguin History of Early India From Origin to 1300 AD 2003 Penguin New Delhi ISBN 0 14 302989 4 Altekar Anant Sadashiv 1934 The Rashtrakutas And Their Times being a political administrative religious social economic and literary history of the Deccan during c 750 AD to c 1000 AD Oriental Book Agency Poona OCLC 3793499 K A Nilakanta Sastri History of South India From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar 1955 OUP New Delhi Reprinted 2002 ISBN 0 19 560686 8 R Narasimhacharya History of Kannada Literature 1988 Asian Educational Services New Delhi Madras 1988 ISBN 81 206 0303 6 Malini Adiga 2006 The Making of Southern Karnataka Society Polity and Culture in the early medieval period AD 400 1030 Orient Longman Chennai ISBN 81 250 2912 5 George M Moraes 1931 The Kadamba Kula A History of Ancient and Medieval Karnataka Asian Educational Services New Delhi Madras 1990 ISBN 81 206 0595 0 Rice B L 1897 2001 Mysore Gazetteer Compiled for Government vol 1 New Delhi Madras Asian Educational Services ISBN 81 206 0977 8 Chopra P N Ravindran T K Subrahmanian N 2003 History of South India Ancient Medieval and Modern Chand publications New Delhi ISBN 81 219 0153 7 Cousens Henry 1926 The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese Districts Archaeological Survey of India New Delhi OCLC 37526233 Sen Sailendra Nath 1999 1999 Ancient Indian History and Civilization New Age Publishers ISBN 81 224 1198 3 External links Edit Media related to Kannada people at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kannada people amp oldid 1148703821, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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