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Wikipedia

Valenzuela, Metro Manila

January 02, 2023

Valenzuela (/ˌvælənzjuˈɛlə/, Tagalog: [ˌvalenˈswela]), officially the City of Valenzuela (Filipino: Lungsod ng Valenzuela), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 714,978 people. [6]

Valenzuela
Highly urbanized city
City of Valenzuela
Clockwise from top-left: Hall of Justice; Pío Valenzuela Residence; People's Park; San Diego de Alcala Church; Valenzuela City Hall
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): 
"Northern Gateway to Metropolitan Manila"; "The Vibrant City"; "The City of Discipline"
Motto(s): 
"Tayo na, Valenzuela!"
"Valenzuela, May Disiplina"
Anthem: Himig Valenzuela
Valenzuela Hymn
Map of Metro Manila with Valenzuela highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Valenzuela
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°42′N 120°59′E / 14.7°N 120.98°E / 14.7; 120.98Coordinates: 14°42′N 120°59′E / 14.7°N 120.98°E / 14.7; 120.98
CountryPhilippines
RegionNational Capital Region
Provincenone
District 1st and 2nd district
FoundedNovember 12, 1623[1][2]
Cityhood and HUCDecember 30, 1998[3]
Founded byJuan Taranco and Juan Monsód
Named forPío Valenzuela
Barangays33 (see Barangays)
Government
 [4]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorWeslie T. Gatchalian (NPC)
 • Vice MayorLorena C. Natividad-Borja (NPC)
 • Representatives
 • City Council
Members
 • Electorate443,611 voters (2022)
Area
[5]
 • Total47.02 km2 (18.15 sq mi)
 • Rank119th of 145 cities
Elevation
22 m (72 ft)
Highest elevation
109 m (358 ft)
Lowest elevation
−5 m (−16 ft)
Population
 (2020 census) [6]
 • Total714,978
 • Rank11th of 145 cities
 • Density15,000/km2 (39,000/sq mi)
 • Households
193,025
Demonym(s)Valenzuelaño
Valenzuelano
Valenzuelaña
Valenzuelana
Economy
 • Income class1st city income class
 • Poverty incidence0.54% (2018)[7]
 • Revenue₱5,040,547,440.00 (2020)
 • Assets₱11,432,316,986.00 (2020)
 • Expenditure₱4,835,542,017.00 (2020)
 • Liabilities₱4,820,094,428.00 (2020)
Service provider
 • ElectricityManila Electric Company (Meralco)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
1440–1448, 1469, 0550, 0560
PSGC
137504000
IDD : area code +63 (0)02
Native languagesTagalog
Websitewww.valenzuela.gov.ph

It is the 6th most populous city in the National Capital Region, and the 11th most populous in the country. It is located about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) north of Manila, the nation's capital. Valenzuela is categorized under Republic Act Nos. 7160 and 8526 as a highly urbanized, first-class city based on income classification and number of population.[8][9] A landlocked chartered city located on the island of Luzon, it is bordered by the province of Bulacan, and cities of Caloocan, Malabon and Quezon City. Valenzuela shares border and access to Tenejeros-Tullahan River with Malabon. It has a total land area of 45.75 square kilometers (17.66 sq mi), where its residents are composed of about 72% Tagalog people followed by 5% Bicolanos with a small percentage of foreign nationals.

Valenzuela was named after Pío Valenzuela, a physician and a member of the Katipunan, a secret society founded against the colonial government of Spain. The city, as a town, originally had the name Polo, initially formed in 1621 after separation from Meycauayan, Bulacan. The Battle of Malinta of the Philippine–American War was fought in Polo in 1899. In 1960, President Carlos P. Garcia ordered the split of Polo's southern barangays to form another town named as Valenzuela. The split was revoked by President Diosdado Macapagal in 1963 after political disagreements and the new merged town was named Valenzuela. The modern-day Valenzuela with its borders was chartered in 1998.

Toponymy

In Spanish, Valenzuela is a diminutive form of Valencia which means "little Valencia".[10] The name Valenzuela is also the surname of Pío Valenzuela y Alejandrino, a Tagalog physician and was one of the leaders of Katipunan. He was regarded as a member of the Katipunan triumvirate which started the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial authorities in 1896. He also served as the provisional chairman for the Katipunan.[11][12]

Before 1960, Valenzuela was formerly known as Polo.[13] The name Polo was derived from the Tagalog term pulô, which means "island" or "islet", although the area was not an island itself. The town of Polo was entirely surrounded by the rivers, thus, creating an impression of itself being an island.[14]

History

Spanish era

During the Spanish era, present-day Valenzuela, Obando and Novaliches (now in Quezon City) were parts of Bulacan. Areas now covered by Valenzuela included four haciendas (Malinta, Tala, Piedad, and Maysilo), small political settlements and a Spanish garrison.[15] These areas were known as Polo. The region was bounded by the Tullahan River on the south and streams of branching Río Grande de Pampanga on some areas.

When Manila became an archdiocese in 1595, regular friars who had already established permanent churches in Catanghalan, Bulacan (now Meycauayan) decided that the sitio of Polo be separated from the town and have its own church to cater its increasing spiritual needs. Through successive efforts of Franciscan friar Juan Taranco and Don Juan Monsód, sitio Polo was successfully separated from Catanghalan on November 7, 1621, at the feast day of the town's new patron, St. Didacus of Alcalá, known locally as San Diego de Alcalá.[16] The first cabeza de barangay of Polo was Monsód, while Taranco run the parish on a small tavern, which would become the present-day San Diego de Alcalá church.[17] The separation was then confirmed by Governor-General Alonso Fajardo de Entenza in a proclamation letter on November 12, 1623. Later, the date of November 12 is adopted as the foundation day of the city.[1][2]

The construction of a parochial church dedicated to St. Didacus of Alcalá started in 1627, under the supervision of Fr. José Valencia and Juan Tibay. The first church structure was completed in 1632. But its bell was looted during the Chinese uprising of 1635. At that time, Chinese merchants resided specifically in Barrio Pariancillo, which was located at the back of the church. In 1852, the church was repaired and remodeled under the direction of Fr. Vicente. The church was later re-dedicated to another patron, to the Nuestra señora de la Inmaculada Concepción. A convent was also built followed by a common house (casa tribunal) that had a rectangular prison cell and a school house made of stone.[18] On June 3, 1865, a strong earthquake destroyed the belfry of the San Diego de Alcalá Church, followed by an epidemic that killed thousands of people.[19]

A new pueblo was carved out of the northwestern area of Polo on May 14, 1753, by the orders of the Governor-General Francisco Jose de Obando y Solis, Marquis of Brindisi. The new town was named Obando in honor of the governor general, and was incorporated to Bulacan.[18]

In 1762-1764 British occupation of Manila and surrounding suburbs the colonial government led by Simón de Anda y Salazar fled to Bacolor, Pampanga through Polo. The British followed Anda, and at one point stayed in sitio Mabolo while waiting for orders from the British civil Governor Dawsonne Drake. They explored the nearby communities of Malanday, Wakas, Dalandanan, Pasolo, Rincon and Malinta. The terrified local population fled and sought refuge in the forests of Viente Reales, where many of them died of malaria.[20] The British then proceed to Malolos, Bulacan where they were ambushed by the stationed Spanish soldiers. After the chase, the local population of Polo returned to their homes on May 12, 1763, after days of reconstruction. The day May 12 was commemorated as the feast of St. Roch, locally known as San Roque, as another patron saint and as a memorial to those who died in the Seven Years' War.[20]

In 1854, General Manuel Pavía y Lacy, Marquis de Novaliches, was named Governor-General of the Philippine Islands. He arrived in Manila with the task of establishing a penal colony where prisoners would be granted lands they would develop in exchange for their release. The colony was given the name Hacienda Tala since the once heavily forested area became identical to one where a star (“tala”) had fallen after clearing. This hacienda grew into a larger community that eventually merged with the haciendas of Malinta and Piedad in forming the independent town of Novaliches on January 26, 1856.[21] A new road from Polo to Novaliches opened and traversed the barrios of Mabolo, Pasolo, Rincon, Malinta, Masisan, Paso de Blas, Canumay and Bagbaguin.

 
Dr. Pio Valenzuela Ancestral House

In 1869, Filipino physician and patriot Pío Valenzuela was born in Polo. He would be later known as one of the key leaders of the Katipunan, which he joined in 1892 at the age of 23. His admission to the society led to the more recruits from Polo, including Ulpiano Fernández, Gregorio Flamenco, Crispiniano Agustines, and Faustino Duque. When Valenzuela was the chief editor, Fernández held a special role in the Katipunan as a printer of the Ang Kalayaan, the organization's official newspaper.[22]

The now-defunct Manila-Dagupan Railway opened in 1892 and traversed the barrios of Marulas, Caruhatan, Malinta, Dalandanan and Malanday, with the station being in Dalandanan.[23]

A constituted branch of the Katipunan was established in Polo on February 1, 1896.[24] The town joined other revolutionaries when the Philippine Revolution broke out on August 1896, while Valenzuela availed the amnesty offered by Spanish authorities few weeks later.[25] One of the notable battles in Polo occurred in sitios Bitik and Pasong Balite in Pugad Baboy, where the locals won under the command of General Tiburcio de León y Gregorio.[26] During the revolution, the Spanish massacred many residents, most of them in Malinta. Suspected revolutionaries were hanged and tortured to death. Many were forced to admit guilt or shout innocent names; others were shot without trial.[27]

American era

 
Valenzuela was named after Pío Valenzuela, a Filipino revolutionary who was born in Polo in 1869.
 
Stone arch in barangay Arkong Bato built by the Americans in 1910, which serves as the boundary marker to the old town of Polo.

The Americans imposed a military government when they acquire the Philippine islands from Spain as part of the peace treaty of the Spanish–American War. They appointed Pío Valenzuela as the first municipal president of (presidente municipal) on September 6, 1899, to suppress aggressive leadership in the area. He resigned in February 1901 to become the head of the military division and an election was held. Later that year, the government proclaimed Rufino Valenzuela, a relative of Pío as the second president and first elected municipal president of the town.[28]

When the Philippine–American War broke out in early 1899, the Americans were directed to capture Emilio Aguinaldo who was escaping to Malolos, Bulacan. Polo was one of the towns where Aguinaldo retreated, thus it received heavy casualties on the first stages of the war.[29] On February 22, 1899, General Antonio Luna camped at Polo after an unsuccessful engagement with the American forces in Caloocan.[29][30][31] A bloody battle on March 26, 1899, happened near the barrio chapel of Malinta. The Filipino forces had to retreat with arrival of American reinforcements after being were initially successful in defending Malinta and killing Colonel Harry Egbert.

In 1910, a stone arch was built at the boundary of Polo, Bulacan and Malabon, Rizal along Calle Real (modern-day Marcelo H. Del Pilar Street). In 1928, Manila North Road (Highway 3) opened and became the new gateway. The once-agricultural town slowly shifted to industrial. Businesses soon put up factories, the most famous of which is the Japanese venture Balintawak Beer Brewery that opened in 1938.

Japanese occupation

The entrance of the Japanese in Polo during the Second World War was met with almost no resistance. However, there were too many murders committed. The place became a center of Makapili and spies who troubled the peaceful civilians. It was found that the Balintawak Beer Brewery became front for manufacturing ammunition for the Japanese forces. The sudden appearance of the Japanese added terror to the place. The old church of San Diego de Alcalá became a torture house during WWII.

The reign of terror climaxed on December 10, 1944. It was a day of mourning for the people of Polo and Obando when the Japanese massacred more than a hundred males in both towns. About 1:00 am on this day up to the setting of the sun cries could be heard from the municipal building when males were tortured to death. Mayor Feliciano Ponciano met the same fate when he died on a cruel death together with other municipal officials.[32]

When liberation came, the town was partly burned by the approaching the military forces of combined Filipino and American regiments who used flamethrowers. They bombed and shelled big houses in the town not exempting even the more than 300 years old church of San Diego.[32]

The historical old bridge connecting northern and southern areas of the town was destroyed by the Japanese, thus separating Polo in two parts. The northern part was at once liberated by joint Filipino and American troops while the southern part, which includes the municipal center poblacion was still under the Japanese banner. The Japanese abandoned the town on February 11, 1945, when the combined troops were able to cross the river and took the town.

In 1947, the Balintawak Beer Brewery was acquired by San Miguel Beer. The Spanish church was never rebuilt and only the belfry and the entrance arch remained. A new church was built perpendicular to the ruins of the old one.

Modern history

On July 21, 1960, President Carlos P. Garcia signed Executive Order No. 401 which divided Polo into two: Polo and Valenzuela.[33] Polo comprised the northern barangays of Wawang Pulo, Poblacion, Palasan, Arkong Bato, Pariancillo Villa, Balangkas, Mabolo, Coloong, Malanday, Bisig, Tagalag, Rincon, Pasolo, Punturin, Bignay, Viente Reales, and Dalandanan. Valenzuela, on the other hand, comprised the southern barangays of Karuhatan, Marulas, Malinta, Ugong, Mapulang Lupa, Canumay, Maysan, Parada, Paso de Blas, Bagbaguin and Torres Bugallón (now Gen. T. de Leon). A provisional town hall was built across today’s SM City Valenzuela, until a permanent town hall was built near the intersection of MacArthur Highway and the old Polo-Novaliches Road.

The division soon proved to be detrimental to economic growth in each town, so Bulacan Second district Representative to the Fifth Congress Rogaciano Mercado and Senator Francisco Soc Rodrigo filed a bill which sought the reunification of the two towns. On September 11, 1963, President Diosdado Macapagal signed Executive Order No. 46 which reunified Valenzuela and Polo, adapting Valenzuela as the name of the resulting town.[34]

In 1967, mayor Ignacio Santiago Sr. purchased lots in Karuhatan in which the new municipal hall would be built. Misinterpretation of property surveys and tax appropriation issues sparked the debate on which barangay should the municipal hall be belonged to: Karuhatan, Malinta, or Maysan. To resolve the issue, Santiago ordered the creation of a new barangay which was called Poblacion II, a reference to the old Poblacion barangay.[35]

On November 7, 1975, jurisdiction over Valenzuela was moved from the province of Bulacan to Metro Manila. Metro Manila was then headed by First Lady Imelda Marcos as its governor. Due to this, Valenzuela is the only area in the modern National Capital Region that was neither part of Spanish colonial-era Manila, Rizal province, nor the war-time City of Greater Manila.[36]

In 1968, the North Diversion Road (now North Luzon Expressway) was opened.[37] Rail transport to the city ceased in 1988 with the closure of the Philippine National Railway's North Line.

Cityhood

The passage of the Local Government Code in 1991 provided local governments autonomy which has allowed them develop into self-reliant communities. On February 14, 1998, President Fidel V. Ramos signed Republic Act No. 8526, which converted the municipality of Valenzuela into a highly urbanized chartered city. The law also ordered the division of the newly created city into two legislative districts.[8] When the law was ratified on December 30, 1998, Valenzuela became the 12th city to be admitted in Metro Manila and the 83rd in the Philippines.[38][39]

In 2002, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo proclaimed July 11 every year as Valenzuela Day, which was an official holiday in the city that commemorates the birth date of Pío Valenzuela.[16] However, in 2008, the date of the city's charter day was transferred to February 14. Today, Valenzuela City celebrates Valenzuela Day and Valenzuela Foundation Day on February 14 and November. 12 respectively[2][40]

On December 9, 2002, the National Capital Region Police Office announced that they have discovered the largest illegal drugs factory in the country within a Chinese-owned warehouse in Lawang Bato after a fire broke out in the building, achieving the largest methamphetamine drug bust at the time with over ₱2.2 billion worth of drugs seized.[41]

On May 13, 2015, a fire broke out in Kentex Manufacturing factory in barangay Ugong, killing 74 people in the incident. In 2016, the Ombudsman ordered the dismissal of mayor Rex Gatchalian and other city officials due to grave misconduct and negligence of duty during the incident.[42] This is dubbed as the third worst fire incident in the country.[43]

Geography

 
Satellite image of Valenzuela.

Valenzuela is located at 14°40′58″N 120°58′1″E / 14.68278°N 120.96694°E / 14.68278; 120.96694 and is about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) north of country's capital, Manila. Manila Bay, the country's top port for trade and industry is located about 16.3 kilometres (10.1 mi) west of the city. Valenzuela is bordered in the north by the town of Obando and the city of Meycauayan in Bulacan, the city of Navotas in the west, Malabon in the south, and Quezon City and northern portion of Caloocan in the east.

The highest elevation point is 38 metres (125 ft) above sea level. Having a surface gradient of 0.55% and a gentle slope, hilly landscape is located in the industrial section of the city in Canumay. The average elevation point is 2 metres (6.6 ft) above sea level.[44]

Apart from the political borders set by the law, Valenzuela and Malabon is also separated by the 15-kilometer Tenejeros-Tullahan River or simply Tullahan River.[45] The river obtained its name from tulya or clam due to the abundance of such shellfish in the area.[46] Tullahan is a part of the Marilao-Meycauayan-Obando river system of central Luzon.[47] It is now considered biologically dead and one of the dirtiest river system in the world.[47][48] Tullahan riverbanks used to be lined with mangrove trees and rich with freshwater fish and crabs. Children used to play in the river before it was polluted by developing industries near it.[47]

In an effort to save the river, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Metropolitan Manila Development Authority and the local governments of Valenzuela and Malabon signed partnerships with private and non-government organizations to dredge the area.[45][48][49]

Increased climate variability, that is associated with global warming, has brought with it periods of heavy rainfall and high tides which in turn results in stagnant water which can stay in the area for up to 4 weeks due to insufficient drainage and improper solid waste disposal. People are often stranded inside their homes and are exposed to water-borne diseases such as dengue and leptospirosis. Better early warning systems are needed to manage the risk associated with increased rainfall.[50]

Administrative division

Main article: List of barangays in Valenzuela
 
Political map of Valenzuela

Valenzuela is composed of 33 barangays, the smallest administrative unit in the city. A barangay is equivalent to an American village and a British ward. The barangay is headed by the barangay captain or punong barangay and his 7-manned local council or mga kagawad duly elected by the residents. Youth sector of the barangay is represented by the youth council called the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) headed by the SK chairperson and his 7-manned assembly, also known as mga SK kagawad. There are 33 punong barangays and 231 kagawads in Valenzuela; SK officials are also of the same number. The barangays also serve as census areas of the city.

In the national level, Valenzuela is divided into two congressional districts: the first legislative district which contains 24 barangays in the northern half of the city, while the second legislative district contains the remaining 9 barangays of the southern portion of the city. Unlike barangays, legislative districts has no political leader, but are represented by congressional representatives in the House of Representatives of the Philippines.

Barangay District Area (ha) Population

(2015)[51]

 Density

(per ha)

Arkong Bato 1st 34.40 10,004 290.814
Bagbaguin 2nd 159.10 13,770 86.55
Balangkas 1st 73.30 11,892 162.24
Bignay 1st 268.80 27,059 100.67
Buli 1st 45.60 1,333 45.6
Canumay East 1st 217.30 28,213 57.35
Canumay West 1st 141.30 22,215 157.22
Coloong 1st 223.80 11,154 49.84
Dalandanan 1st 93.90 18,733 199.50
Gen. T. de Leon 2nd 366.90 89,441 243.77
Isla 1st 39.60 4,793 121.04
Karuhatan 2nd 190.60 40,996 215.09
Lawang Bato 1st 287.50 19,301 67.13
Lingunan 1st 115.90 21,217 183.06
Mabolo 1st 115.00 1,217 10.58
Malanday 1st 295.60 17,948 60.72
Malinta 1st 174.10 48,397 277.98
Mapulang Lupa 2nd 140.80 27,354 194.28
Marulas 2nd 224.70 53,978 240.22
Maysan 2nd 253.30 24,293 95.91
Palasan 1st 15.60 6,089 390.32
Parada 2nd 34.40 14,894 432.97
Pariancillo Villa 1st 5.00 1,634 326.80
Paso de Blas 2nd 155.00 13,350 86.13
Pasolo 1st 79.50 6,395 80.44
Poblacion 1st 3.40 372 109.41
Polo 1st 5.20 1,103 212.12
Punturin 1st 162.20 20,930 129.04
Rincon 1st 24.40 6,603 270.61
Tagalag 1st 101.00 3,209 31.77
Ugong 2nd 307.20 41,821 136.14
Viente Reales 1st 192.90 22,949 118.97
Wawang Pulo 1st 27.80 3,516 126.47
Valenzuela 4,575.10 620,422 135.61

Climate

Valenzuela
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
18
 
 
30
21
 
 
10
 
 
31
21
 
 
13
 
 
32
23
 
 
30
 
 
34
24
 
 
159
 
 
34
25
 
 
318
 
 
32
25
 
 
477
 
 
31
24
 
 
503
 
 
31
24
 
 
369
 
 
31
24
 
 
194
 
 
31
24
 
 
140
 
 
31
23
 
 
65
 
 
30
22
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: BBC Weather (Manila)
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.7
 
 
86
71
 
 
0.4
 
 
87
71
 
 
0.5
 
 
90
73
 
 
1.2
 
 
93
75
 
 
6.3
 
 
93
76
 
 
13
 
 
90
76
 
 
19
 
 
88
75
 
 
20
 
 
87
75
 
 
15
 
 
87
75
 
 
7.6
 
 
88
74
 
 
5.5
 
 
87
73
 
 
2.6
 
 
86
72
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches

Due to its location in Metro Manila, rainfall and climate in Valenzuela is almost similar to the country's capital Manila. The location of Valenzuela in the western side of the Philippines made Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAG-ASA) to classify its weather scheme as Type I. Wind coming from the Pacific Ocean is generally blocked by the Sierra Madre mountain range, several kilometers east of the city.[52]

Its proximity to the equator tends to make its temperature to rise and fall into very small range: from as low as 20 °C (68 °F) to as high as 35 °C (95 °F), although humidity makes these warm to hot temperatures feel much hotter. The Köppen climate system classifies Valenzuela climate as a borderline tropical monsoon (Am) and tropical savanna (Aw) due to its location and precipitation characteristics. This means that the city has two pronounced seasons: dry and wet seasons.

Humidity levels are usually high in the morning especially during June–November which makes it feel warmer. Lowest humidity levels are recorded in the evening during wet season. Discomfort from heat and humidity is extreme during May and June, otherwise it is higher compared to other places in the country. Average sunlight is maximum at 254.25 hours during April and minimum at 113 hours during July, August and September.[53]

Climate data for Valenzuela, Philippines
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 29.8
(85.6) 		30.7
(87.3) 		32.4
(90.3) 		33.9
(93.0) 		33.8
(92.8) 		32.2
(90.0) 		31.1
(88.0) 		30.6
(87.1) 		30.7
(87.3) 		31.0
(87.8) 		30.6
(87.1) 		29.9
(85.8) 		31.4
(88.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.6
(78.1) 		26.0
(78.8) 		27.4
(81.3) 		28.9
(84.0) 		29.2
(84.6) 		28.3
(82.9) 		27.5
(81.5) 		27.3
(81.1) 		27.3
(81.1) 		27.3
(81.1) 		26.8
(80.2) 		26.0
(78.8) 		27.3
(81.1)
Average low °C (°F) 21.4
(70.5) 		21.4
(70.5) 		22.5
(72.5) 		23.9
(75.0) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.5
(76.1) 		24.0
(75.2) 		24.0
(75.2) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.6
(74.5) 		23
(73) 		22.2
(72.0) 		23.3
(73.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 18
(0.7) 		10
(0.4) 		13
(0.5) 		30
(1.2) 		159
(6.3) 		318
(12.5) 		477
(18.8) 		503
(19.8) 		369
(14.5) 		194
(7.6) 		140
(5.5) 		65
(2.6) 		2,296
(90.4)
Source: en.climate-data.org[54]

Ecology

The vegetation in Valenzuela was originally covered with grasslands suitable for agriculture. Because of rapid development of industries and economy, land use converts grass covers into cemented roads. However, the government put into efforts of preserving vegetation such as constructing community vegetable gardens and techno-demo farms all over the city. In 2003, these gardens numbered up to two functioning farms.[55]

Flora and fauna in Valenzuela includes the common plants and animals found in Luzon, such as domesticated mammals. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau declared a two-hectare mangrove/swampy area in Villa Encarnacion, barangay Malanday as an ecotourism site.[56] Every year, about 100 species of migratory birds such as black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) and other native birds such as moorhen (Gallinula sp.), swamphen (Porphyrio sp.) and Philippine duck (Anas luzonica) flock the area. Wooden view decks are built to facilitate spectators, enthusiasts and visitors while having bird watching and counting activities.[57] As of 2020 the said ecotourism site is no longer the Villa Encarnacion today, The area has been changed and Many Individuals built a house on the side of the main road. The Forest Look like that the wildlife go into are now gone and will become another subdivision, This will be one of Dulalia Subdivision on barangay Malanday.

In 2007, ordinary fishing ponds in Tagalag and Coloong were transformed into fishing spots which attracts anglers every year for a prize catch. Fish tournaments are held every year to increase tourism and livelihood in the area.[58]

In 2008, the Supreme Court of the Philippines mandated Regional Trial Court branch 171 as an environmental court handling all environment cases in Valenzuela.[59]

Thomas Hodge-Smith noted in 1939 that Valenzuela is rich of black tektites occurring in spheroidal and cylindrical shapes and are free of bubbles.[60]

Government

 
 
First (left) and second(right) legislative districts of Valenzuela.
 
The Valenzuela City Hall Complex in barangay Karuhatan.
See also: Mayors of Valenzuela

Local government

Like other cities in the Philippines, Valenzuela is governed by a mayor and a vice mayor who are elected to three-year terms. The mayor is the executive head who leads the city's departments in the execution of city ordinances and delivery of public services. The vice mayor heads a legislative council that is composed of 14 members: six councilors from each of the city's two districts, and two ex officio offices held by the Association of Barangay Chairmen President as the barangay sector representative and the Sangguniang Kabataan Federation President as youth sector representative. The council is in charge of creating the city's policies in the form of ordinances and resolutions.[8]

The city is geographically part of, but not politically related to, the third district of Metro Manila.

Elected officials

The incumbent mayor and vice mayor of the city are Rexlon T. Gatchalian and Lorena C. Natividad-Borja, respectively.

Representatives, officials and members of the city council
Designation First district Second district
Representatives Weslie T. Gatchalian (NPC) Eric M. Martinez (PDP–Laban)
Mayor Rexlon T. Gatchalian (NPC)
Vice Mayor Lorena C. Natividad-Borja (NPC)
Councilors Walter Magnum D. dela Cruz (NPC) Chiqui Marie N. Carreon (NPC)
Ramon L. Encarnacion (NPC) Kimberly Ann D. Galang-Tiangco (NPC)
Ricardo Ricarr C. Enriquez (NPC) Niña Sheila B. Lopez (NPC)
Rovin Andrew M. Feliciano (PDP–Laban) Louie P. Nolasco (NPC)
Joseph William D. Lee (NPC) Crissha Charee M. Pineda-Soledad (NPC)
Jennifer P. Pingree-Esplana (NPC) Kristian Rome T. Sy (NPC)
ABC President Bienvenido Bartolome (Bisig)
SK President Exequiel Serrano (Coloong)

Court system and police

The Supreme Court of the Philippines recognizes five regional trial courts and two metropolitan trial courts within Valenzuela that have an over-all jurisdiction in the populace of the city.

The Valenzuela City Police Station (VCPS) is one of the four city police stations in the Northern Police District under the jurisdiction of the Nation Capital Region Police office.[61] Today, there are more than 500 police officers working for the VCPS, which puts the police-residents ratio in the city at 1:16,000.[62]

In 2007, the Valenzuela City Peace and Order Council, of which the VCPS is a member, was hailed 2nd placer for the Best Peace and Order Council award that was conferred by the Department of the Interior and Local Government, the NCRPO, and the Manila Peace and Order Council.[62] In 2012, the VCPS was cited by the NCRPO for having the best Women and Children Protection Desk in the metro.[62]

Demographics

Population census of Valenzuela
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 8,183—    
1918 9,323+0.87%
1939 13,468+1.77%
1948 16,740+2.45%
1960 41,473+7.85%
1970 98,456+9.02%
1975 150,605+8.90%
1980 212,363+7.11%
1990 340,227+4.83%
1995 437,165+4.81%
2000 485,433+2.27%
2007 568,928+2.21%
2010 575,356+0.41%
2015 620,422+1.45%
2020 714,978+2.83%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [63] [64] [65][66]

The demonym of Valenzuela is Valenzuelano for males and Valenzuelana for females; it is sometimes spelled as Valenzuelaño.

Based on the 2020 census, Valenzuela City has a total population of 714,978, the 7th most populous in the NCR and 13th in the Philippines. This is an increase of 7.8 percent from 575,356 people in 2010, at an annual growth rate of a 1.45%.[51][67]

The five most populous barangays are: Gen. T. de Leon (89,441), Marulas (53,978), Malinta (48,397), Ugong (41,821) and Karuhatan (40,996).[51]

Valenzuela City household population in 2010, on the other hand, is at 574,840.[68] Almost half, 50.2 per cent, are males. Females comprise 49.8 per cent of the population, with a total number of 286, 548. The city has a sex ratio of 101 males for every 100 females, the second highest ratio in the region, after Navotas, which has a sex ratio of 102 males per 100 females.[67] Seven out of ten Valenzuela City residents, 66.7 per cent, belong to the working-age group, or those aged 15 to 64. The remaining 33.3 are aged 0 to below 15 and 65 and above, which are classified as the dependent age group.[68]

 

City population is expected to reach the 700,000-mark by mid-2022.[69]

Culture

"Himig Valenzuela"

 
Sample audio for "Himig Valenzuela".
"Himig Valenzuela"
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Himig Valenzuela",[70] or "Valenzuela Hymn", is the official song of the city.[71] It is sung during flag ceremonies of private and public schools as well as government institutions along with the Philippine national anthem, "Lupang Hinirang". The hymn was composed by Edwin Ortega which has the primary objective to promote unity, progress and patriotism among the city's citizens.[72]

City ordinance number 18 mandated all citizens of Valenzuela to sing the hymn in all meetings and public occasions.[72]

Before its adoption in 2008, Valenzuela has its official hymn during its time as municipality, from being part of Bulacan to Metro Manila, called "Bayang Valenzuela", composed by Igmidio M. Reyes and its lyrics by Dr. Eusebio S. Vibar. It is now abandoned its use as official hymn of this city. There is a video by Valenzuela City Cultural and Tourism Development Office, which is found on Facebook.[73]

Feasts and holidays

In 2007, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed Republic Act number 9428 which sets February 14 every year as a special non-working holiday to commemorate cityhood of Valenzuela in 1998.[74] On the same hand, November 12 each year is declared by the city government as the city's foundation day, looking back the establishment of then-Polo in 1623. There are misunderstandings before regarding the date of the actual foundation of the town, however, this date was decided by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines to be the town's creation, since Spanish colonizers adopted a town's patron saint feast day as its date of creation.[1][2]

Each barangay in Valenzuela have their own feast. Most of them launch celebrations during May and April to honor patron saints and bounty harvest. Every April 26, a santacruzan is performed along with Santa Cruz Festival in Barangay Isla. A santacruzan is a novena procession commemorating St. Helena's mythical finding of the cross. St. Helena was the mother of Constantine the Great. According to legends, 300 years after the death of Christ, at the age of 75, she went to Calvary to conduct a search for the Cross. After some archeological diggings at the site of the Crucifixion, she unearthed three crosses. She tested each one by making a sick servant lie on all three. The cross where the servant recovered was identified as Christ's. St. Helena's feast day falls on August 8 but the anniversary of the finding of the Cross is on May 3, in the Philippines, this celebration took the form of the Mexican Santa Cruz de Mayo.[75]

Mano Po, San Roque Festival is celebrated every May 12 in Mabolo. In Valenzuela, San Roque is also known as the patron saint of the unmarried. There are countless tales of single girls who danced and prayed in the procession and who claim to have found their husband during the fiesta. The festival is almost similar to Obando Fertility Rites where hopeful romantics dance to San Roque requesting to find their true love.[76] Street dancing and procession along the city's major thoroughfares in commemoration of the feast of San Roque, highlighting the customs and traditional celebration of the festival.[77] This also commemorates townsfolk victory after the British departed the country following the end of Seven Years' War with Spain.[78]

The Feast of San Diego de Alcala is commemorated every November 12 in Poblacion. This is a celebration of the feast of the oldest church in Valenzuela which includes annual boat racing, street dancing and different fabulous activities of the festival.[79] As part of the San Diego de Alcala Feast Day, a unique food festival in the country is celebrated which features the famous putong Polo, the small but classy kakanin which was originally created in the town of Polo.[80] This rice cake was a recipient of Manuel Quezon Presidential Award in 1931 which was cited having its exotic taste and amazingly long shelf-life.[81] The celebration, known as Putong Polo Festival includes a parade featuring artistic creations from the rice cake which showcases creativity among the residents.[82]

Economy

Poverty Incidence of Valenzuela
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[83][84]
[85][86][87][88][89]

Owing to the cross-migration of people across the country and its location as the northernmost point of Metro Manila, Valenzuela has developed into a multicultural metropolis. A former agricultural rural area, Valenzuela has grown into a major economic and industrial center of the Philippines when a large number of industries relocated to the central parts of the city.[90]

Tourism

There are several attractions in Valenzuela City that residents and visitors of the city can enjoy.

The Valenzuela City People's Park or simply People's Park, is an urban park located in a 1.3-hectare lot beside the city hall in barangay Karuhatan. There is an electronically controlled dancing fountain at the park entrance, an aero circle for zumba and other group exercises, garden, children's playground, zoological spaces where animals are displayed to the public, and a 400-seater amphitheater that can host a wide range of activities.[91]

Another facility in the city that boasts of a nature-centered open space and is free to the public is the Valenzuela City Family Park also in Karuhatan. There is a playground, interactive fountain, aviary, fitness machines, amphitheater, and a food park in the park. The park is also pet-friendly, bike-friendly, and accessible to persons with disability.[92]

One of the many initiatives of the city government to create greener spaces, Polo Mini Park was inaugurated on January 21, 2020, six months after the announcement of the rehabilitation of the historical old town square of Polo. The park is adorned with hundred-years old luscious trees, fountain, memorial marker commemorating war veterans and statues of Pío Valenzuela and José Rizal. The park signifies not only a place for relaxation but also marks the historical identity of the City.[93]

In English, Arkong Bato means "arch of stone" which was constructed and built by the Americans in 1910 to serve as borders between the provinces of Bulacan (where Valenzuela or Polo, as it was known before, belonged to) and Rizal. (where Malabon used to be part of) The arch is located along M.H. del Pilar Street, which was once the main gateway to North Luzon before the construction of MacArthur Highway and North Luzon Expressway. After Malabon seceded from Rizal and Valenzuela from Bulacan to become part of Metropolitan Manila in 1975, the arch now marked as the boundary between the two towns and their respective barangays, Barangay Santulan in Malabon and Barangay Arkong Bato in Valenzuela.[94][95]

The Harry C. Egbert Memorial is located in Sitio Tangke Street in Malinta that serves as monument and memorial to Brigadier general Harry Clay Egbert, commanding officer of the 22nd Infantry Regiment of the United States who was mortally wounded here in 1899 during the Philippine–American War. Additionally, Egbert also served the US Army during American Civil War and Spanish–American War.[96]

The Museo Valenzuela (English: Valenzuela Museum) was the house where Dr. Pío Valenzuela, in whose memory the old town of Polo was renamed, was born and saw the best years of his life. This same house was burned recently. Valenzuela's historical and cultural landmark, Museo Valenzuela features collections of artifacts depicting the city's past and continuing development.

The Libingan ng mga Hapon (English: Japanese Cemetery) was built in a 500-square meter lot of the Bureau of Telecommunications compound. The cemetery served thousands of fallen Japanese soldiers during the Philippines Campaign of 1944–45.[94][95]

The National Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima (Filipino: Pambansang Dambana ng Birhen ng Fatima) is the center of the Fatima apostolate in the country was declared a tourist site in 1982 by the Department of Tourism and a pilgrimage shrine in 2009 by the Diocese of Malolos. It is near the Our Lady of Fatima University.[97] The shrine houses the wooden statue of Our Lady of Fatima, one of the fifty images blessed by Pope Paul VI in 1967 as part of golden celebration of the Marian apparition to three children in Fátima, Portugal.[98] The images were later distributed to churches worldwide, where one of them is intended for the Philippines, however, unclaimed ending up in New Jersey. In 1984, Archbishop of Manila Jaime Cardinal Sin finally claimed the statue and was then transferred under the custody Bahay Maria Foundation, a Philippine-based Marian organization. During People Power Revolution in 1986, it was one of the iconic figures held by revolutionaries to oust the dictator Ferdinand Marcos.[99] On October 17, 1999, the statue was then transferred to the shrine. The feast of Our Lady of Fatima is celebrated every March 7 and May 13.[98][100][101]

Dr. Pío Valenzuela, who became part of the triumvirate of revolutionary society Katipunan and founder of the organ Ang Kalayaan, lived and died in 1956 at the old Residence of Pío Valenzuela along Velilla Street in Barangay Pariancillo Villa, where a marker by the Valenzuela city government was placed in his honor. The present house was built after the war on the site of the old house which once served as venue for secret meetings and gatherings of the Katipunan. The old house was burned during World War II.[94][95]

The San Diego de Alcala Church and its belfry was built in 1632 by the people of Polo. Residents were taken to forced labor to complete the church after the town gained its independence through Father Juan Taranco and Don Juan Monsod. The belfry and entrance arch, which are over four centuries old, are the only parts of the edifice that remain to this day. The main structure was destroyed by bombs during the Japanese occupation. Residents of barangays Polo and Poblacion celebrate the feast day of San Diego de Alcala on November 12 every year, together with the putong polo festival.[80]

Located at Malanday, the Hearts of Jesus and Mary Parish Church, was erected on October 17, 1994, to replace the Santo Cristo Chapel, and solemnly declared on June 24, 2001. The Church belongs to the Vicariate of St. Didacus of Alcala – Valenzuela City, Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos.

The Valenzuela Astrodome is a large multi-purpose, domed sports stadium located in barangay Dalandanan that hosts several sports events, concerts, promotional events, seminars, job fairs, etc.

Dubbed as Valenzuela City's "best kept secret", the Tagalag Fishing Village lies beside a 1.3-kilometer boardwalk in Barangay Tagalag. Various activities are being offered in one of the newest attractions in the city such as recreational fishing, line fishing tutorials, bird watching, boating, photowalk, and sunset watching.[102]

Gallery of tourist spots in Valenzuela

Services

Education

 
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela main building in Malinta.
 
Valenzuela City Polytechnic College entry marker in Parada.
Further information: Division of City Schools–Valenzuela

The city collaborates with other institutions, government or private, to bring quality education among its citizens under the "WIN ang Edukasyon Program" (roughly means Education WIN sic Program, WIN is the nickname of the current mayor Sherwin Gatchalian). In 2010, the government, in partnership with the local school board, funded the purchase and construction of computer laboratories in 10 secondary schools all having a net worth of Php 17.7M (or about US$410,000 as of April 2011). This also includes the distribution of Php 1.46M (or about US$34,000 as of April 2011) computers in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela and Valenzuela City Polytechnic College, as part of Department of Education's ICT4E Strategic Plan. In this project, information and communication technology education is extended and expanded among all students.[103] In 2009, the City Engineering Office repaired sidewalks and drainage to assist students especially during the wet season; they also repaired and constructed new buildings and classrooms to some schools in the city.[104] Under the same program, elementary school students received free mathematics and English workbooks published by the government especially designed for Valenzuelanos.[104] The steady increase of 3.4% enrollment rate each year forces the government to construct new buildings and classrooms to meet the target 1:45 teacher-to-student ratio, contrary to the current count of 1:50 ratio alternating in three shifts.[105] WIN ang Edukasyon Program was done in partnership with the Synergeia Foundation, a non-government organization that aims to improve education in local governments in the Philippines.[106]

At the same time, WIN ang Edukasyon Program also spearheads the yearly training of some mathematics and English language teachers assigned to Grades 1 and 2 pupils.[107] The seminar focuses on how to enhance reading skills, language proficiency and mathematics of the students they are teaching through re-acquaintance with various drills and activities. This was done with the efforts of lecturers from Ateneo de Manila University and Bulacan State University using the approach developed by the UP Diliman's College of Education.[108][109]

The government owns Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela and Valenzuela City Polytechnic College that serve as the city's state university and technical school for residents and non-residents respectively. The Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela (PLV) or University of the City of Valenzuela, was established in 2002 and is located within the perimeters of the old city hall in barangay Poblacion. In 2009, the city council passed Resolution No. 194 series of 2008 which authorized the government to purchase lots costing PhP 33M (or about US$750,000 as of April 2011) in nearby Children of Mary Immaculate College as part of the university's expansion.[110] Mayor Sherwin Gatchalian assisted the development, which has an over-all cost of PhP 75M (or about US$1.7M as of April 2011) loaned from Development Bank of the Philippines.[111] The newly purchased lots are used to construct an annex building which will house the departments of business administration and accountancy. The Board of Regents expected an increase of enrollment from 800 to 3,000 students in the next few years.[112]

Valenzuela City Polytechnic College (VCPC) was allotted with additional Php 18M (or about US$420,000 as of April 2011) budget in 2009 from the city fund which will be used for expansion and upgrade of the college.[104][113]

There are also privately owned academic institutions including the Our Lady of Fatima University (OLFU). OLFU was previously granted by Commission on Higher Education an autonomy, which includes independence from monitoring and evaluation services by the Commission though still entitled by subsidies and other financial grants from the national government whenever possible. The autonomous status of the university was approved on March 11, 2009, and expired last March 30, 2014.[114]

Healthcare

 
Valenzuela City Emergency Hospital in Dalandanan.

There are numerous hospitals in Valenzuela like the city-run Valenzuela City Emergency Hospital and the Valenzuela Medical Center. There are also privately owned hospitals like Calalang General Hospital, Sanctissimo Rosario General Hospital and Fatima University Medical Center, a tertiary private hospital under the administration of Our Lady of Fatima University.[115][116][117] The soon-to-rise Valenzuela City West Emergency Hospital and Dialysis Center is located in barangay Dalandanan, adjacent to Valenzuela City Astrodome and Dalandanan National High School. It will render adequate healthcare services to underprivileged residents at a minimal fee.[118]

The city implements VC Cares Program which is designed for individuals who are unable to provide healthcare and basic necessities for themselves or meet special emergency situations of need.[119] While health care service and financial assistance are generally the forms of assistance given, these may be supplemented by other forms of assistance, as well as problem-solving and referral services. Appropriate referrals may be made to other agencies or institutions where complementary services may be obtained.[120]

According to the 2002 Commission on Audit, the city reported accomplishment per health center ranging from as low as 42.26% to as high as 206% and vaccine utilization of 33% to 90% compared to normal 46% to 377% per basic requirements.[121]

There are swampy areas on Valenzuela and there is a stagnant water in Tullahan River on the south, which make citizens vulnerable to mosquito-linked diseases such as dengue and malaria. Though malaria is not a common case in Valenzuela–the city ranks consistently among top five dengue-infected regions in the Philippines with around 560% chance of recurrence every year.[122][123] In the second quarter of 2008, however, only 500% increase was reported compared to the same period in 2007.[124]

In September 2009, the Department of Health distributed free Olyset anti-dengue nets treated permethrin insecticide to Gen. T. de Leon High School. Over 150 rolls of the nets were given and installed to the windows of the said school, as part of DOH's "Dalaw sa Barangay: Aksyon Kontra Dengue" (Visit Barangay: Action against Dengue) campaign.[125]

Shopping centers and utilities

On October 28, 2005, SM City Valenzuela was inaugurated.[126] Other shopping sites such as Puregold Valenzuela, the newly renovated South Supermarket and the newly opened Puregold Paso de Blas is also located in the city.[127][128] All these stores compete against each other since most have the same product offerings as diversified groceries except for SM City Valenzuela which has upgraded with the opening of The SM Store. People from the city with more major shopping needs normally head south to cities such as Quezon City and Manila, since they have bigger malls and commercial centers with more diverse trade goods.

Water supply for the city is supplied by the Metropolitan Water Works and Sewerage System (MWSS)' west concessionaire Maynilad Water Services, Inc (MWSI).[129][130] As of 2006, the city has at least 68% water service coverage as determined by the Regulatory Office of the MWSS.[131][132] Each customer receives at least 7 psi water pressure, which means supply can reach for up to two floors for residential use.[133] Maynilad is owned and currently operated by DMCI Holdings, Inc.–Metro Pacific Investments Corporation (DMCI-MPIC).[134]

On June 2, 2010, the Sitero Francisco Memorial National High School in barangay Ugong unveiled its first solar generators, the first time for a school in the Philippines. The six 1-kW photovoltaic solar arrays installed to light nine-classrooms are bought from Wanxiang America Corporation through the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) and are part of the solar energy initiative of the city. The arrays were shipped from Illinois, installation were paid by the city government. First district representative Rex Gatchalian and former second district councilor Shalani Soledad headed the switching ceremony, that made it the first-ever solar-powered school in the country.[135][136] The solar panels can generate 1 kW to 5 kW of electricity per hour depending on the intensity of sunlight. Unused solar energy is stored in eight deep-cycle batteries which can be used after sunset. The panels also continue to absorb light from the night sky.[137]

Waste management

According to the 2002 Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Report of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), Valenzuela has the highest number of identified recycling companies in the region.[138] It was also said that recycling centers related to plastic materials are relatively higher than other recyclable objects like metals, paper, glass among others.[138] Accordingly, the city government allocates an amount of about 785.70 Philippine pesos (approx. US$18 as of April 2011) for every transportation and collection costs of a ton of waste material. In 2003, the city generated about 307.70 tons of waste every day.[139] In 2001, it was reported by ADB that the city has as high as 25% solid waste management cost recovery rate through service charges on households and other enterprises for operational activities associated with waste collection, treatment and disposal.[140] That same year, the city's proposal to implement a community-based solid waste management project in barangay Mapulang Lupa, was approved by the national government, which involves social mobilization, training of personnel, implementation of segregated collection and establishment of materials recovery facility and windows composting operation among others. The city government was granted a maximum of US$25,000 from Asian Development Bank for the operation of the project.[141]

In 1988, the city opened its first waste disposal facility, the Lingunan Controlled Dumpsite. Every year, the facility collects and processed only about 60% of the entire city's waste with landfilling and recycling services. The dumpsite uses rice hull ash as daily cover and odor control material for the waste collected in the area.[142] Lingunan Controlled Dumpsite also conducted some limited waste segregation and resource recovery operations prior to burial of residual waste.[142] In 2006, the controlled dumpsite was closed per MMDA order in 2003 and was subsequently converted into a sanitary landfill as directed by RA 9003.[139]

In statistics, 60% of the wastes collected in the city are collected, hauled and dumped in controlled dumpsites while 5% are retrieved and recycled and 35% are thrown everywhere in the city. Half of all these wastes are non-biodegradable wastes which include plastics, Styrofoams and rubbers alike, while the remaining are biodegradable wastes which is 70% food and kitchen wastes, 20% plant wastes and 10% animal wastes.[143] In 2002, there are about 30 small and big junkshops that collect recyclable materials and 20 schools that require their students to bring recyclable stuff as school project.[143]

The city spearheaded Metro Manila's implementation of full-pledged waste management program in 1999 when it became the first area in the region to allocate 2.8-hectare land in barangay Marulas, to serve an ecology center and location for the city's waste management program's operation center. Biodegradable wastes in this area are converted to fertilizers.[144] In 2004, the city government funded the repair of 29 garbage trucks and purchase of another 20 trucks that may increase the capacity of Waste Management Office to do full rounds of garbage every week.[145]

Justice management

In a joint study conducted by the Supreme Court of the Philippines and the United Nations Development Programme in July 2003 assessing inmate and institutional management among selected municipal and city jails in the National Capital Region, it was found that Valenzuela City Jail has a congestion rate of 170%. According to the study, the excess number of inmates in Metro Manila jails resulted into outbreak of various ailments such as psychiatric disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis and skin diseases. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology recommends the implementation of release programs under applicable laws.[146]

The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) of Valenzuela is located along Valenzuela Hall of Justice in barangay Karuhatan.[147] It was formerly located at the old city hall in barangay Maysan which was transferred by mayor Sherwin Gatchalian in 2010 along with other trial courts, the police headquarters and prosecutor's office of the city.[148] That same year, the BJMP launched the Alternative Learning System program, in partnership with the local government and Department of Education (DepEd), as part of the rehabilitation programs to city jail inmates. Successful passers of the program received certification of DepEd as proof of completion of secondary education.[149]

Transportation

 
North Luzon Expressway southbound lane in Barangay Canumay West
 
MacArthur Highway in Barangay Malanday

Expressways such as the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and NLEX Harbor Link project traverse through Valenzuela. Valenzuela is accessible to and from NLEX via Paso de Blas Interchange, formerly known as Malinta Exit (due to the road's direct access to barangay Malinta), at Km. 28. It also has exits towards barangays Lingunan and Lawang Bato. Meanwhile, the Harbor Link project, where Segments 8.1 and 9 are components of Circumferential Road 5, provides access to Valenzuela through its interchanges at MacArthur Highway (Karuhatan), Smart Connect Interchange with NLEX, and Mindanao Avenue in barangay Ugong, as well as exits towards barangays Parada and Gen. T. de Leon.[150][151]

Valenzuela is also connected to Bulacan through MacArthur Highway which ends at Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan.

One of the well-known bridges in Valenzuela is the Tullahan Bridge in barangay Marulas that connects the city to barangay Potrero in Malabon.[48] Tullahan bridge is part of MacArthur Highway that was built during the Spanish era as a way of transporting vehicles over Tullahan River. In the span of years, it was renovated repeatedly, most recent was in 2008, though defects on the bridge began to appear barely six months after it opened for public use.[152][153][154]

The city is webbed by hundreds of roads where 99.622% of them has a surface type of concrete while the remaining 0.378% were made of dirt.[155] The Department of Public Works and Highways recognizes nine national bridges in Valenzuela, listed below.[156] Other bridges are just minors that connect small cliffs and former landfill areas, like Malinta Bridge in barangay Malinta. City roads has an average road density of 1.155 kilometer of road per 100 square-kilometer of land area. Each road has an average road section of 155 sections and spans 54.267 km.[155]

The Valenzuela Gateway Complex Terminal in Paso de Blas is designated by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority as Manila's northern provincial bus terminal. Bus companies also founded terminals in barangay Malanday, northernmost locality of Valenzuela along the border with Bulacan, though there are terminals situated in barangays Dalandanan and Karuhatan as well. This includes Laguna Star Bus, PAMANA Transport Service, Inc., CEM Trans Services and Philippine Corinthian Liner, Inc. among others. These buses are lined with Metro Manila destinations only, usually in Alabang or Baclaran with routes along EDSA. Bus traffic is also dense at barangays Paso de Blas and Bagbaguin due to its proximity to KM 28 NLEx Interchange and bus terminals in Novaliches, Quezon City. Other modes of transportation includes jeepneys (with routes usually from Malanday to Recto, Santa Cruz, Divisoria, Pier 15 South Harbor & T. M. Kalaw in Manila and Grace Park & Monumento in Caloocan and Malinta to Malolos City, Baliuag and Santa Maria along MacArthur Highway) for general mass transportation, tricycles (or trikes) for small-scale transportation and taxicabs for upper middle classes.

There are no airports and ports in Valenzuela.

External relations

See also: List of sister cities in the Philippines

Valenzuela is twinned with the following towns and cities:

Country Place Region / State Date
  South Korea   Bucheon[157][158]   Gyeonggi 2006
  Philippines   Santa Cruz[159]   Marinduque 2008
  Philippines   Narvacan[160]   Ilocos Sur 2012
  Philippines   Angeles[161]   Pampanga 2012
  Philippines   Altavas   Aklan 2012
  Philippines   Koronadal[162]   South Cotabato 2012
  Philippines   Bayugan   Agusan Del Sur 2012
  Philippines   Alabat   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Buenavista   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Calauag   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Candelaria   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Catanauan   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Dolores   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   General Nakar   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Guinayangan   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Gumaca   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Infanta   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Jomalig   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Lucban   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Macalelon   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Padre Burgos   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Pagbilao   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Perez   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Sampaloc   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   San Antonio   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   San Narciso   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Sariaya   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Unisan   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Taraka   Lanao Del Sur 2012
  Philippines   Malinao   Albay 2012
  Philippines   Quezon   Quezon 2012
  Philippines   Batangas   Batangas 2012
  Philippines   Luna   La Union 2012
  Philippines   Calapan   Oriental Mindoro 2012
  Philippines   Allen   Northern Samar 2012
  Philippines   Kananga   Leyte 2012
  Philippines   Navotas   Metro Manila 2013
  Philippines   Marilao   Bulacan 2013
  Philippines   Santa Maria   Laguna 2013
  Philippines   Mina   Iloilo 2014
  Philippines   Daet   Camarines Norte 2014
  Philippines   Mercedes   Camarines Norte 2014
  Philippines   Dumangas   Iloilo 2014
  Philippines   Cabatuan   Iloilo 2014
  Philippines   New Lucena   Iloilo 2014
  Philippines   Pambujan   Samar 2014
  Philippines   Lavezares   Northern Samar 2014
  Philippines   Sagay   Camiguin 2014
  Philippines   Hernani   Eastern Samar 2014
  Philippines   Jose Panganiban   Camarines Norte 2014
  Philippines   Vinzons   Camarines Norte 2014
  Philippines   Labo   Camarines Norte 2014
  Philippines   San Antonio   Nueva Ecija 2014
  Philippines   Legazpi   Albay 2014
  Philippines   Bustos   Bulacan 2014
  Philippines   San Vicente   Northern Samar 2014
  Philippines   Laoag   Ilocos Norte 2015
  Philippines   Urdaneta   Pangasinan 2015
  Philippines   San Fernando   La Union 2015
  Philippines   Panglima Sugala   Tawi-Tawi 2015
  Philippines   Goa   Camarines Sur 2016
  Philippines   Baliuag   Bulacan 2016
  Philippines   Cuenca   Batangas 2016
  Philippines   Natonin   Mountain Province 2017
  Philippines   Rizal   Cagayan 2017
  Philippines   San Mateo   Rizal 2017
  Philippines   Bulan   Sorsogon 2018
  Philippines   Capoocan   Leyte 2018
  Philippines   Oroquieta   Misamis Occidental 2019
  Philippines   Dao   Capiz 2019
  Philippines   La Paz   Abra 2019
  Philippines   Bongabong   Oriental Mindoro 2019
  Philippines   Pandan   Antique 2020

Friendship links

Valenzuela has friendship links (with no formal constitution) with the following towns and cities. Agreements usually forged towards industrial, cultural or academic exchanges and understanding.

Notable people

See also

References

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January 02, 2023
valenzuela, metro, manila, valenzuela, tagalog, ˌvalenˈswela, officially, city, valenzuela, filipino, lungsod, valenzuela, class, highly, urbanized, city, national, capital, region, philippines, according, 2020, census, population, people, valenzuelahighly, ur. Valenzuela ˌ v ae l en zj u ˈ ɛ l e Tagalog ˌvalenˈswela officially the City of Valenzuela Filipino Lungsod ng Valenzuela is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines According to the 2020 census it has a population of 714 978 people 6 ValenzuelaHighly urbanized cityCity of ValenzuelaClockwise from top left Hall of Justice Pio Valenzuela Residence People s Park San Diego de Alcala Church Valenzuela City HallFlagSealNickname s Northern Gateway to Metropolitan Manila The Vibrant City The City of Discipline Motto s Tayo na Valenzuela Valenzuela May Disiplina Anthem Himig ValenzuelaValenzuela Hymn source source Map of Metro Manila with Valenzuela highlightedOpenStreetMapValenzuelaLocation within the PhilippinesCoordinates 14 42 N 120 59 E 14 7 N 120 98 E 14 7 120 98 Coordinates 14 42 N 120 59 E 14 7 N 120 98 E 14 7 120 98CountryPhilippinesRegionNational Capital RegionProvincenoneDistrict1st and 2nd districtFoundedNovember 12 1623 1 2 Cityhood and HUCDecember 30 1998 3 Founded byJuan Taranco and Juan MonsodNamed forPio ValenzuelaBarangays33 see Barangays Government 4 TypeSangguniang Panlungsod MayorWeslie T Gatchalian NPC Vice MayorLorena C Natividad Borja NPC RepresentativesRexlon T Gatchalian 1st District Eric M Martinez 2nd District City CouncilMembers 1st DistrictRovin Andrew M FelicianoRicardo Ricarr C EnriquezRamon L EncarnacionJennifer P PingreeJoseph William D LeeWalter Magnum D dela Cruz2nd DistrictCrissha Charity M PinedaKimberly Ann D GalangKristian Rome T SyNina Shiela B LopezLouie P NolascoChiqui Marie N Carreon Electorate443 611 voters 2022 Area 5 Total47 02 km2 18 15 sq mi Rank119th of 145 citiesElevation22 m 72 ft Highest elevation109 m 358 ft Lowest elevation 5 m 16 ft Population 2020 census 6 Total714 978 Rank11th of 145 cities Density15 000 km2 39 000 sq mi Households193 025Demonym s Valenzuelano Valenzuelano Valenzuelana ValenzuelanaEconomy Income class1st city income class Poverty incidence0 54 2018 7 Revenue 5 040 547 440 00 2020 Assets 11 432 316 986 00 2020 Expenditure 4 835 542 017 00 2020 Liabilities 4 820 094 428 00 2020 Service provider ElectricityManila Electric Company Meralco Time zoneUTC 8 PST ZIP code1440 1448 1469 0550 0560PSGC137504000IDD area code 63 0 02Native languagesTagalogWebsitewww wbr valenzuela wbr gov wbr phIt is the 6th most populous city in the National Capital Region and the 11th most populous in the country It is located about 14 kilometres 8 7 mi north of Manila the nation s capital Valenzuela is categorized under Republic Act Nos 7160 and 8526 as a highly urbanized first class city based on income classification and number of population 8 9 A landlocked chartered city located on the island of Luzon it is bordered by the province of Bulacan and cities of Caloocan Malabon and Quezon City Valenzuela shares border and access to Tenejeros Tullahan River with Malabon It has a total land area of 45 75 square kilometers 17 66 sq mi where its residents are composed of about 72 Tagalog people followed by 5 Bicolanos with a small percentage of foreign nationals Valenzuela was named after Pio Valenzuela a physician and a member of the Katipunan a secret society founded against the colonial government of Spain The city as a town originally had the name Polo initially formed in 1621 after separation from Meycauayan Bulacan The Battle of Malinta of the Philippine American War was fought in Polo in 1899 In 1960 President Carlos P Garcia ordered the split of Polo s southern barangays to form another town named as Valenzuela The split was revoked by President Diosdado Macapagal in 1963 after political disagreements and the new merged town was named Valenzuela The modern day Valenzuela with its borders was chartered in 1998 Contents 1 Toponymy 2 History 2 1 Spanish era 2 2 American era 2 3 Japanese occupation 2 4 Modern history 2 5 Cityhood 3 Geography 3 1 Administrative division 3 2 Climate 3 3 Ecology 4 Government 4 1 Local government 4 2 Elected officials 4 3 Court system and police 5 Demographics 6 Culture 6 1 Himig Valenzuela 6 2 Feasts and holidays 7 Economy 8 Tourism 9 Services 9 1 Education 9 2 Healthcare 9 3 Shopping centers and utilities 9 4 Waste management 9 5 Justice management 10 Transportation 11 External relations 11 1 Friendship links 12 Notable people 13 See also 14 References 14 1 Books 15 External linksToponymy EditIn Spanish Valenzuela is a diminutive form of Valencia which means little Valencia 10 The name Valenzuela is also the surname of Pio Valenzuela y Alejandrino a Tagalog physician and was one of the leaders of Katipunan He was regarded as a member of the Katipunan triumvirate which started the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial authorities in 1896 He also served as the provisional chairman for the Katipunan 11 12 Before 1960 Valenzuela was formerly known as Polo 13 The name Polo was derived from the Tagalog term pulo which means island or islet although the area was not an island itself The town of Polo was entirely surrounded by the rivers thus creating an impression of itself being an island 14 History EditSpanish era Edit During the Spanish era present day Valenzuela Obando and Novaliches now in Quezon City were parts of Bulacan Areas now covered by Valenzuela included four haciendas Malinta Tala Piedad and Maysilo small political settlements and a Spanish garrison 15 These areas were known as Polo The region was bounded by the Tullahan River on the south and streams of branching Rio Grande de Pampanga on some areas When Manila became an archdiocese in 1595 regular friars who had already established permanent churches in Catanghalan Bulacan now Meycauayan decided that the sitio of Polo be separated from the town and have its own church to cater its increasing spiritual needs Through successive efforts of Franciscan friar Juan Taranco and Don Juan Monsod sitio Polo was successfully separated from Catanghalan on November 7 1621 at the feast day of the town s new patron St Didacus of Alcala known locally as San Diego de Alcala 16 The first cabeza de barangay of Polo was Monsod while Taranco run the parish on a small tavern which would become the present day San Diego de Alcala church 17 The separation was then confirmed by Governor General Alonso Fajardo de Entenza in a proclamation letter on November 12 1623 Later the date of November 12 is adopted as the foundation day of the city 1 2 The construction of a parochial church dedicated to St Didacus of Alcala started in 1627 under the supervision of Fr Jose Valencia and Juan Tibay The first church structure was completed in 1632 But its bell was looted during the Chinese uprising of 1635 At that time Chinese merchants resided specifically in Barrio Pariancillo which was located at the back of the church In 1852 the church was repaired and remodeled under the direction of Fr Vicente The church was later re dedicated to another patron to the Nuestra senora de la Inmaculada Concepcion A convent was also built followed by a common house casa tribunal that had a rectangular prison cell and a school house made of stone 18 On June 3 1865 a strong earthquake destroyed the belfry of the San Diego de Alcala Church followed by an epidemic that killed thousands of people 19 A new pueblo was carved out of the northwestern area of Polo on May 14 1753 by the orders of the Governor General Francisco Jose de Obando y Solis Marquis of Brindisi The new town was named Obando in honor of the governor general and was incorporated to Bulacan 18 In 1762 1764 British occupation of Manila and surrounding suburbs the colonial government led by Simon de Anda y Salazar fled to Bacolor Pampanga through Polo The British followed Anda and at one point stayed in sitio Mabolo while waiting for orders from the British civil Governor Dawsonne Drake They explored the nearby communities of Malanday Wakas Dalandanan Pasolo Rincon and Malinta The terrified local population fled and sought refuge in the forests of Viente Reales where many of them died of malaria 20 The British then proceed to Malolos Bulacan where they were ambushed by the stationed Spanish soldiers After the chase the local population of Polo returned to their homes on May 12 1763 after days of reconstruction The day May 12 was commemorated as the feast of St Roch locally known as San Roque as another patron saint and as a memorial to those who died in the Seven Years War 20 In 1854 General Manuel Pavia y Lacy Marquis de Novaliches was named Governor General of the Philippine Islands He arrived in Manila with the task of establishing a penal colony where prisoners would be granted lands they would develop in exchange for their release The colony was given the name Hacienda Tala since the once heavily forested area became identical to one where a star tala had fallen after clearing This hacienda grew into a larger community that eventually merged with the haciendas of Malinta and Piedad in forming the independent town of Novaliches on January 26 1856 21 A new road from Polo to Novaliches opened and traversed the barrios of Mabolo Pasolo Rincon Malinta Masisan Paso de Blas Canumay and Bagbaguin Dr Pio Valenzuela Ancestral House In 1869 Filipino physician and patriot Pio Valenzuela was born in Polo He would be later known as one of the key leaders of the Katipunan which he joined in 1892 at the age of 23 His admission to the society led to the more recruits from Polo including Ulpiano Fernandez Gregorio Flamenco Crispiniano Agustines and Faustino Duque When Valenzuela was the chief editor Fernandez held a special role in the Katipunan as a printer of the Ang Kalayaan the organization s official newspaper 22 The now defunct Manila Dagupan Railway opened in 1892 and traversed the barrios of Marulas Caruhatan Malinta Dalandanan and Malanday with the station being in Dalandanan 23 A constituted branch of the Katipunan was established in Polo on February 1 1896 24 The town joined other revolutionaries when the Philippine Revolution broke out on August 1896 while Valenzuela availed the amnesty offered by Spanish authorities few weeks later 25 One of the notable battles in Polo occurred in sitios Bitik and Pasong Balite in Pugad Baboy where the locals won under the command of General Tiburcio de Leon y Gregorio 26 During the revolution the Spanish massacred many residents most of them in Malinta Suspected revolutionaries were hanged and tortured to death Many were forced to admit guilt or shout innocent names others were shot without trial 27 American era Edit Valenzuela was named after Pio Valenzuela a Filipino revolutionary who was born in Polo in 1869 Stone arch in barangay Arkong Bato built by the Americans in 1910 which serves as the boundary marker to the old town of Polo The Americans imposed a military government when they acquire the Philippine islands from Spain as part of the peace treaty of the Spanish American War They appointed Pio Valenzuela as the first municipal president of presidente municipal on September 6 1899 to suppress aggressive leadership in the area He resigned in February 1901 to become the head of the military division and an election was held Later that year the government proclaimed Rufino Valenzuela a relative of Pio as the second president and first elected municipal president of the town 28 When the Philippine American War broke out in early 1899 the Americans were directed to capture Emilio Aguinaldo who was escaping to Malolos Bulacan Polo was one of the towns where Aguinaldo retreated thus it received heavy casualties on the first stages of the war 29 On February 22 1899 General Antonio Luna camped at Polo after an unsuccessful engagement with the American forces in Caloocan 29 30 31 A bloody battle on March 26 1899 happened near the barrio chapel of Malinta The Filipino forces had to retreat with arrival of American reinforcements after being were initially successful in defending Malinta and killing Colonel Harry Egbert In 1910 a stone arch was built at the boundary of Polo Bulacan and Malabon Rizal along Calle Real modern day Marcelo H Del Pilar Street In 1928 Manila North Road Highway 3 opened and became the new gateway The once agricultural town slowly shifted to industrial Businesses soon put up factories the most famous of which is the Japanese venture Balintawak Beer Brewery that opened in 1938 Japanese occupation Edit The entrance of the Japanese in Polo during the Second World War was met with almost no resistance However there were too many murders committed The place became a center of Makapili and spies who troubled the peaceful civilians It was found that the Balintawak Beer Brewery became front for manufacturing ammunition for the Japanese forces The sudden appearance of the Japanese added terror to the place The old church of San Diego de Alcala became a torture house during WWII The reign of terror climaxed on December 10 1944 It was a day of mourning for the people of Polo and Obando when the Japanese massacred more than a hundred males in both towns About 1 00 am on this day up to the setting of the sun cries could be heard from the municipal building when males were tortured to death Mayor Feliciano Ponciano met the same fate when he died on a cruel death together with other municipal officials 32 When liberation came the town was partly burned by the approaching the military forces of combined Filipino and American regiments who used flamethrowers They bombed and shelled big houses in the town not exempting even the more than 300 years old church of San Diego 32 The historical old bridge connecting northern and southern areas of the town was destroyed by the Japanese thus separating Polo in two parts The northern part was at once liberated by joint Filipino and American troops while the southern part which includes the municipal center poblacion was still under the Japanese banner The Japanese abandoned the town on February 11 1945 when the combined troops were able to cross the river and took the town In 1947 the Balintawak Beer Brewery was acquired by San Miguel Beer The Spanish church was never rebuilt and only the belfry and the entrance arch remained A new church was built perpendicular to the ruins of the old one Modern history Edit On July 21 1960 President Carlos P Garcia signed Executive Order No 401 which divided Polo into two Polo and Valenzuela 33 Polo comprised the northern barangays of Wawang Pulo Poblacion Palasan Arkong Bato Pariancillo Villa Balangkas Mabolo Coloong Malanday Bisig Tagalag Rincon Pasolo Punturin Bignay Viente Reales and Dalandanan Valenzuela on the other hand comprised the southern barangays of Karuhatan Marulas Malinta Ugong Mapulang Lupa Canumay Maysan Parada Paso de Blas Bagbaguin and Torres Bugallon now Gen T de Leon A provisional town hall was built across today s SM City Valenzuela until a permanent town hall was built near the intersection of MacArthur Highway and the old Polo Novaliches Road The division soon proved to be detrimental to economic growth in each town so Bulacan Second district Representative to the Fifth Congress Rogaciano Mercado and Senator Francisco Soc Rodrigo filed a bill which sought the reunification of the two towns On September 11 1963 President Diosdado Macapagal signed Executive Order No 46 which reunified Valenzuela and Polo adapting Valenzuela as the name of the resulting town 34 In 1967 mayor Ignacio Santiago Sr purchased lots in Karuhatan in which the new municipal hall would be built Misinterpretation of property surveys and tax appropriation issues sparked the debate on which barangay should the municipal hall be belonged to Karuhatan Malinta or Maysan To resolve the issue Santiago ordered the creation of a new barangay which was called Poblacion II a reference to the old Poblacion barangay 35 On November 7 1975 jurisdiction over Valenzuela was moved from the province of Bulacan to Metro Manila Metro Manila was then headed by First Lady Imelda Marcos as its governor Due to this Valenzuela is the only area in the modern National Capital Region that was neither part of Spanish colonial era Manila Rizal province nor the war time City of Greater Manila 36 In 1968 the North Diversion Road now North Luzon Expressway was opened 37 Rail transport to the city ceased in 1988 with the closure of the Philippine National Railway s North Line Cityhood Edit The passage of the Local Government Code in 1991 provided local governments autonomy which has allowed them develop into self reliant communities On February 14 1998 President Fidel V Ramos signed Republic Act No 8526 which converted the municipality of Valenzuela into a highly urbanized chartered city The law also ordered the division of the newly created city into two legislative districts 8 When the law was ratified on December 30 1998 Valenzuela became the 12th city to be admitted in Metro Manila and the 83rd in the Philippines 38 39 In 2002 President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo proclaimed July 11 every year as Valenzuela Day which was an official holiday in the city that commemorates the birth date of Pio Valenzuela 16 However in 2008 the date of the city s charter day was transferred to February 14 Today Valenzuela City celebrates Valenzuela Day and Valenzuela Foundation Day on February 14 and November 12 respectively 2 40 On December 9 2002 the National Capital Region Police Office announced that they have discovered the largest illegal drugs factory in the country within a Chinese owned warehouse in Lawang Bato after a fire broke out in the building achieving the largest methamphetamine drug bust at the time with over 2 2 billion worth of drugs seized 41 On May 13 2015 a fire broke out in Kentex Manufacturing factory in barangay Ugong killing 74 people in the incident In 2016 the Ombudsman ordered the dismissal of mayor Rex Gatchalian and other city officials due to grave misconduct and negligence of duty during the incident 42 This is dubbed as the third worst fire incident in the country 43 Geography Edit Satellite image of Valenzuela Valenzuela is located at 14 40 58 N 120 58 1 E 14 68278 N 120 96694 E 14 68278 120 96694 and is about 14 kilometres 8 7 mi north of country s capital Manila Manila Bay the country s top port for trade and industry is located about 16 3 kilometres 10 1 mi west of the city Valenzuela is bordered in the north by the town of Obando and the city of Meycauayan in Bulacan the city of Navotas in the west Malabon in the south and Quezon City and northern portion of Caloocan in the east The highest elevation point is 38 metres 125 ft above sea level Having a surface gradient of 0 55 and a gentle slope hilly landscape is located in the industrial section of the city in Canumay The average elevation point is 2 metres 6 6 ft above sea level 44 Apart from the political borders set by the law Valenzuela and Malabon is also separated by the 15 kilometer Tenejeros Tullahan River or simply Tullahan River 45 The river obtained its name from tulya or clam due to the abundance of such shellfish in the area 46 Tullahan is a part of the Marilao Meycauayan Obando river system of central Luzon 47 It is now considered biologically dead and one of the dirtiest river system in the world 47 48 Tullahan riverbanks used to be lined with mangrove trees and rich with freshwater fish and crabs Children used to play in the river before it was polluted by developing industries near it 47 In an effort to save the river the Department of Environment and Natural Resources Metropolitan Manila Development Authority and the local governments of Valenzuela and Malabon signed partnerships with private and non government organizations to dredge the area 45 48 49 Increased climate variability that is associated with global warming has brought with it periods of heavy rainfall and high tides which in turn results in stagnant water which can stay in the area for up to 4 weeks due to insufficient drainage and improper solid waste disposal People are often stranded inside their homes and are exposed to water borne diseases such as dengue and leptospirosis Better early warning systems are needed to manage the risk associated with increased rainfall 50 Administrative division Edit Main article List of barangays in Valenzuela Political map of Valenzuela Valenzuela is composed of 33 barangays the smallest administrative unit in the city A barangay is equivalent to an American village and a British ward The barangay is headed by the barangay captain or punong barangay and his 7 manned local council or mga kagawad duly elected by the residents Youth sector of the barangay is represented by the youth council called the Sangguniang Kabataan SK headed by the SK chairperson and his 7 manned assembly also known as mga SK kagawad There are 33 punong barangays and 231 kagawads in Valenzuela SK officials are also of the same number The barangays also serve as census areas of the city In the national level Valenzuela is divided into two congressional districts the first legislative district which contains 24 barangays in the northern half of the city while the second legislative district contains the remaining 9 barangays of the southern portion of the city Unlike barangays legislative districts has no political leader but are represented by congressional representatives in the House of Representatives of the Philippines Barangay District Area ha Population 2015 51 Density per ha Arkong Bato 1st 34 40 10 004 290 814Bagbaguin 2nd 159 10 13 770 86 55Balangkas 1st 73 30 11 892 162 24Bignay 1st 268 80 27 059 100 67Buli 1st 45 60 1 333 45 6Canumay East 1st 217 30 28 213 57 35Canumay West 1st 141 30 22 215 157 22Coloong 1st 223 80 11 154 49 84Dalandanan 1st 93 90 18 733 199 50Gen T de Leon 2nd 366 90 89 441 243 77Isla 1st 39 60 4 793 121 04Karuhatan 2nd 190 60 40 996 215 09Lawang Bato 1st 287 50 19 301 67 13Lingunan 1st 115 90 21 217 183 06Mabolo 1st 115 00 1 217 10 58Malanday 1st 295 60 17 948 60 72Malinta 1st 174 10 48 397 277 98Mapulang Lupa 2nd 140 80 27 354 194 28Marulas 2nd 224 70 53 978 240 22Maysan 2nd 253 30 24 293 95 91Palasan 1st 15 60 6 089 390 32Parada 2nd 34 40 14 894 432 97Pariancillo Villa 1st 5 00 1 634 326 80Paso de Blas 2nd 155 00 13 350 86 13Pasolo 1st 79 50 6 395 80 44Poblacion 1st 3 40 372 109 41Polo 1st 5 20 1 103 212 12Punturin 1st 162 20 20 930 129 04Rincon 1st 24 40 6 603 270 61Tagalag 1st 101 00 3 209 31 77Ugong 2nd 307 20 41 821 136 14Viente Reales 1st 192 90 22 949 118 97Wawang Pulo 1st 27 80 3 516 126 47Valenzuela 4 575 10 620 422 135 61Climate Edit ValenzuelaClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 18 30 21 10 31 21 13 32 23 30 34 24 159 34 25 318 32 25 477 31 24 503 31 24 369 31 24 194 31 24 140 31 23 65 30 22Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource BBC Weather Manila Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 0 7 86 71 0 4 87 71 0 5 90 73 1 2 93 75 6 3 93 76 13 90 76 19 88 75 20 87 75 15 87 75 7 6 88 74 5 5 87 73 2 6 86 72Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inchesDue to its location in Metro Manila rainfall and climate in Valenzuela is almost similar to the country s capital Manila The location of Valenzuela in the western side of the Philippines made Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PAG ASA to classify its weather scheme as Type I Wind coming from the Pacific Ocean is generally blocked by the Sierra Madre mountain range several kilometers east of the city 52 Its proximity to the equator tends to make its temperature to rise and fall into very small range from as low as 20 C 68 F to as high as 35 C 95 F although humidity makes these warm to hot temperatures feel much hotter The Koppen climate system classifies Valenzuela climate as a borderline tropical monsoon Am and tropical savanna Aw due to its location and precipitation characteristics This means that the city has two pronounced seasons dry and wet seasons Humidity levels are usually high in the morning especially during June November which makes it feel warmer Lowest humidity levels are recorded in the evening during wet season Discomfort from heat and humidity is extreme during May and June otherwise it is higher compared to other places in the country Average sunlight is maximum at 254 25 hours during April and minimum at 113 hours during July August and September 53 Climate data for Valenzuela PhilippinesMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearAverage high C F 29 8 85 6 30 7 87 3 32 4 90 3 33 9 93 0 33 8 92 8 32 2 90 0 31 1 88 0 30 6 87 1 30 7 87 3 31 0 87 8 30 6 87 1 29 9 85 8 31 4 88 5 Daily mean C F 25 6 78 1 26 0 78 8 27 4 81 3 28 9 84 0 29 2 84 6 28 3 82 9 27 5 81 5 27 3 81 1 27 3 81 1 27 3 81 1 26 8 80 2 26 0 78 8 27 3 81 1 Average low C F 21 4 70 5 21 4 70 5 22 5 72 5 23 9 75 0 24 7 76 5 24 5 76 1 24 0 75 2 24 0 75 2 23 9 75 0 23 6 74 5 23 73 22 2 72 0 23 3 73 8 Average precipitation mm inches 18 0 7 10 0 4 13 0 5 30 1 2 159 6 3 318 12 5 477 18 8 503 19 8 369 14 5 194 7 6 140 5 5 65 2 6 2 296 90 4 Source en climate data org 54 Ecology Edit The vegetation in Valenzuela was originally covered with grasslands suitable for agriculture Because of rapid development of industries and economy land use converts grass covers into cemented roads However the government put into efforts of preserving vegetation such as constructing community vegetable gardens and techno demo farms all over the city In 2003 these gardens numbered up to two functioning farms 55 Flora and fauna in Valenzuela includes the common plants and animals found in Luzon such as domesticated mammals The Department of Environment and Natural Resources Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau declared a two hectare mangrove swampy area in Villa Encarnacion barangay Malanday as an ecotourism site 56 Every year about 100 species of migratory birds such as black crowned night herons Nycticorax nycticorax and other native birds such as moorhen Gallinula sp swamphen Porphyrio sp and Philippine duck Anas luzonica flock the area Wooden view decks are built to facilitate spectators enthusiasts and visitors while having bird watching and counting activities 57 As of 2020 the said ecotourism site is no longer the Villa Encarnacion today The area has been changed and Many Individuals built a house on the side of the main road The Forest Look like that the wildlife go into are now gone and will become another subdivision This will be one of Dulalia Subdivision on barangay Malanday In 2007 ordinary fishing ponds in Tagalag and Coloong were transformed into fishing spots which attracts anglers every year for a prize catch Fish tournaments are held every year to increase tourism and livelihood in the area 58 In 2008 the Supreme Court of the Philippines mandated Regional Trial Court branch 171 as an environmental court handling all environment cases in Valenzuela 59 Thomas Hodge Smith noted in 1939 that Valenzuela is rich of black tektites occurring in spheroidal and cylindrical shapes and are free of bubbles 60 Government Edit First left and second right legislative districts of Valenzuela The Valenzuela City Hall Complex in barangay Karuhatan See also Mayors of Valenzuela Local government Edit Like other cities in the Philippines Valenzuela is governed by a mayor and a vice mayor who are elected to three year terms The mayor is the executive head who leads the city s departments in the execution of city ordinances and delivery of public services The vice mayor heads a legislative council that is composed of 14 members six councilors from each of the city s two districts and two ex officio offices held by the Association of Barangay Chairmen President as the barangay sector representative and the Sangguniang Kabataan Federation President as youth sector representative The council is in charge of creating the city s policies in the form of ordinances and resolutions 8 The city is geographically part of but not politically related to the third district of Metro Manila Elected officials Edit The incumbent mayor and vice mayor of the city are Rexlon T Gatchalian and Lorena C Natividad Borja respectively Representatives officials and members of the city council Designation First district Second districtRepresentatives Weslie T Gatchalian NPC Eric M Martinez PDP Laban Mayor Rexlon T Gatchalian NPC Vice Mayor Lorena C Natividad Borja NPC Councilors Walter Magnum D dela Cruz NPC Chiqui Marie N Carreon NPC Ramon L Encarnacion NPC Kimberly Ann D Galang Tiangco NPC Ricardo Ricarr C Enriquez NPC Nina Sheila B Lopez NPC Rovin Andrew M Feliciano PDP Laban Louie P Nolasco NPC Joseph William D Lee NPC Crissha Charee M Pineda Soledad NPC Jennifer P Pingree Esplana NPC Kristian Rome T Sy NPC ABC President Bienvenido Bartolome Bisig SK President Exequiel Serrano Coloong Court system and police Edit The Supreme Court of the Philippines recognizes five regional trial courts and two metropolitan trial courts within Valenzuela that have an over all jurisdiction in the populace of the city The Valenzuela City Police Station VCPS is one of the four city police stations in the Northern Police District under the jurisdiction of the Nation Capital Region Police office 61 Today there are more than 500 police officers working for the VCPS which puts the police residents ratio in the city at 1 16 000 62 In 2007 the Valenzuela City Peace and Order Council of which the VCPS is a member was hailed 2nd placer for the Best Peace and Order Council award that was conferred by the Department of the Interior and Local Government the NCRPO and the Manila Peace and Order Council 62 In 2012 the VCPS was cited by the NCRPO for having the best Women and Children Protection Desk in the metro 62 Demographics EditPopulation census of ValenzuelaYearPop p a 19038 183 19189 323 0 87 193913 468 1 77 194816 740 2 45 196041 473 7 85 197098 456 9 02 1975150 605 8 90 1980212 363 7 11 1990340 227 4 83 1995437 165 4 81 2000485 433 2 27 2007568 928 2 21 2010575 356 0 41 2015620 422 1 45 2020714 978 2 83 Source Philippine Statistics Authority 63 64 65 66 The demonym of Valenzuela is Valenzuelano for males and Valenzuelana for females it is sometimes spelled as Valenzuelano Based on the 2020 census Valenzuela City has a total population of 714 978 the 7th most populous in the NCR and 13th in the Philippines This is an increase of 7 8 percent from 575 356 people in 2010 at an annual growth rate of a 1 45 51 67 The five most populous barangays are Gen T de Leon 89 441 Marulas 53 978 Malinta 48 397 Ugong 41 821 and Karuhatan 40 996 51 Valenzuela City household population in 2010 on the other hand is at 574 840 68 Almost half 50 2 per cent are males Females comprise 49 8 per cent of the population with a total number of 286 548 The city has a sex ratio of 101 males for every 100 females the second highest ratio in the region after Navotas which has a sex ratio of 102 males per 100 females 67 Seven out of ten Valenzuela City residents 66 7 per cent belong to the working age group or those aged 15 to 64 The remaining 33 3 are aged 0 to below 15 and 65 and above which are classified as the dependent age group 68 City population is expected to reach the 700 000 mark by mid 2022 69 Culture Edit Himig Valenzuela Edit Sample audio for Himig Valenzuela Himig Valenzuela source source Problems playing this file See media help Himig Valenzuela 70 or Valenzuela Hymn is the official song of the city 71 It is sung during flag ceremonies of private and public schools as well as government institutions along with the Philippine national anthem Lupang Hinirang The hymn was composed by Edwin Ortega which has the primary objective to promote unity progress and patriotism among the city s citizens 72 City ordinance number 18 mandated all citizens of Valenzuela to sing the hymn in all meetings and public occasions 72 Before its adoption in 2008 Valenzuela has its official hymn during its time as municipality from being part of Bulacan to Metro Manila called Bayang Valenzuela composed by Igmidio M Reyes and its lyrics by Dr Eusebio S Vibar It is now abandoned its use as official hymn of this city There is a video by Valenzuela City Cultural and Tourism Development Office which is found on Facebook 73 Feasts and holidays Edit In 2007 President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed Republic Act number 9428 which sets February 14 every year as a special non working holiday to commemorate cityhood of Valenzuela in 1998 74 On the same hand November 12 each year is declared by the city government as the city s foundation day looking back the establishment of then Polo in 1623 There are misunderstandings before regarding the date of the actual foundation of the town however this date was decided by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines to be the town s creation since Spanish colonizers adopted a town s patron saint feast day as its date of creation 1 2 Each barangay in Valenzuela have their own feast Most of them launch celebrations during May and April to honor patron saints and bounty harvest Every April 26 a santacruzan is performed along with Santa Cruz Festival in Barangay Isla A santacruzan is a novena procession commemorating St Helena s mythical finding of the cross St Helena was the mother of Constantine the Great According to legends 300 years after the death of Christ at the age of 75 she went to Calvary to conduct a search for the Cross After some archeological diggings at the site of the Crucifixion she unearthed three crosses She tested each one by making a sick servant lie on all three The cross where the servant recovered was identified as Christ s St Helena s feast day falls on August 8 but the anniversary of the finding of the Cross is on May 3 in the Philippines this celebration took the form of the Mexican Santa Cruz de Mayo 75 Mano Po San Roque Festival is celebrated every May 12 in Mabolo In Valenzuela San Roque is also known as the patron saint of the unmarried There are countless tales of single girls who danced and prayed in the procession and who claim to have found their husband during the fiesta The festival is almost similar to Obando Fertility Rites where hopeful romantics dance to San Roque requesting to find their true love 76 Street dancing and procession along the city s major thoroughfares in commemoration of the feast of San Roque highlighting the customs and traditional celebration of the festival 77 This also commemorates townsfolk victory after the British departed the country following the end of Seven Years War with Spain 78 The Feast of San Diego de Alcala is commemorated every November 12 in Poblacion This is a celebration of the feast of the oldest church in Valenzuela which includes annual boat racing street dancing and different fabulous activities of the festival 79 As part of the San Diego de Alcala Feast Day a unique food festival in the country is celebrated which features the famous putong Polo the small but classy kakanin which was originally created in the town of Polo 80 This rice cake was a recipient of Manuel Quezon Presidential Award in 1931 which was cited having its exotic taste and amazingly long shelf life 81 The celebration known as Putong Polo Festival includes a parade featuring artistic creations from the rice cake which showcases creativity among the residents 82 Economy EditPoverty Incidence of Valenzuela Source Philippine Statistics Authority 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 Owing to the cross migration of people across the country and its location as the northernmost point of Metro Manila Valenzuela has developed into a multicultural metropolis A former agricultural rural area Valenzuela has grown into a major economic and industrial center of the Philippines when a large number of industries relocated to the central parts of the city 90 Tourism EditThere are several attractions in Valenzuela City that residents and visitors of the city can enjoy The Valenzuela City People s Park or simply People s Park is an urban park located in a 1 3 hectare lot beside the city hall in barangay Karuhatan There is an electronically controlled dancing fountain at the park entrance an aero circle for zumba and other group exercises garden children s playground zoological spaces where animals are displayed to the public and a 400 seater amphitheater that can host a wide range of activities 91 Another facility in the city that boasts of a nature centered open space and is free to the public is the Valenzuela City Family Park also in Karuhatan There is a playground interactive fountain aviary fitness machines amphitheater and a food park in the park The park is also pet friendly bike friendly and accessible to persons with disability 92 One of the many initiatives of the city government to create greener spaces Polo Mini Park was inaugurated on January 21 2020 six months after the announcement of the rehabilitation of the historical old town square of Polo The park is adorned with hundred years old luscious trees fountain memorial marker commemorating war veterans and statues of Pio Valenzuela and Jose Rizal The park signifies not only a place for relaxation but also marks the historical identity of the City 93 In English Arkong Bato means arch of stone which was constructed and built by the Americans in 1910 to serve as borders between the provinces of Bulacan where Valenzuela or Polo as it was known before belonged to and Rizal where Malabon used to be part of The arch is located along M H del Pilar Street which was once the main gateway to North Luzon before the construction of MacArthur Highway and North Luzon Expressway After Malabon seceded from Rizal and Valenzuela from Bulacan to become part of Metropolitan Manila in 1975 the arch now marked as the boundary between the two towns and their respective barangays Barangay Santulan in Malabon and Barangay Arkong Bato in Valenzuela 94 95 The Harry C Egbert Memorial is located in Sitio Tangke Street in Malinta that serves as monument and memorial to Brigadier general Harry Clay Egbert commanding officer of the 22nd Infantry Regiment of the United States who was mortally wounded here in 1899 during the Philippine American War Additionally Egbert also served the US Army during American Civil War and Spanish American War 96 The Museo Valenzuela English Valenzuela Museum was the house where Dr Pio Valenzuela in whose memory the old town of Polo was renamed was born and saw the best years of his life This same house was burned recently Valenzuela s historical and cultural landmark Museo Valenzuela features collections of artifacts depicting the city s past and continuing development The Libingan ng mga Hapon English Japanese Cemetery was built in a 500 square meter lot of the Bureau of Telecommunications compound The cemetery served thousands of fallen Japanese soldiers during the Philippines Campaign of 1944 45 94 95 The National Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima Filipino Pambansang Dambana ng Birhen ng Fatima is the center of the Fatima apostolate in the country was declared a tourist site in 1982 by the Department of Tourism and a pilgrimage shrine in 2009 by the Diocese of Malolos It is near the Our Lady of Fatima University 97 The shrine houses the wooden statue of Our Lady of Fatima one of the fifty images blessed by Pope Paul VI in 1967 as part of golden celebration of the Marian apparition to three children in Fatima Portugal 98 The images were later distributed to churches worldwide where one of them is intended for the Philippines however unclaimed ending up in New Jersey In 1984 Archbishop of Manila Jaime Cardinal Sin finally claimed the statue and was then transferred under the custody Bahay Maria Foundation a Philippine based Marian organization During People Power Revolution in 1986 it was one of the iconic figures held by revolutionaries to oust the dictator Ferdinand Marcos 99 On October 17 1999 the statue was then transferred to the shrine The feast of Our Lady of Fatima is celebrated every March 7 and May 13 98 100 101 Dr Pio Valenzuela who became part of the triumvirate of revolutionary society Katipunan and founder of the organ Ang Kalayaan lived and died in 1956 at the old Residence of Pio Valenzuela along Velilla Street in Barangay Pariancillo Villa where a marker by the Valenzuela city government was placed in his honor The present house was built after the war on the site of the old house which once served as venue for secret meetings and gatherings of the Katipunan The old house was burned during World War II 94 95 The San Diego de Alcala Church and its belfry was built in 1632 by the people of Polo Residents were taken to forced labor to complete the church after the town gained its independence through Father Juan Taranco and Don Juan Monsod The belfry and entrance arch which are over four centuries old are the only parts of the edifice that remain to this day The main structure was destroyed by bombs during the Japanese occupation Residents of barangays Polo and Poblacion celebrate the feast day of San Diego de Alcala on November 12 every year together with the putong polo festival 80 Located at Malanday the Hearts of Jesus and Mary Parish Church was erected on October 17 1994 to replace the Santo Cristo Chapel and solemnly declared on June 24 2001 The Church belongs to the Vicariate of St Didacus of Alcala Valenzuela City Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos The Valenzuela Astrodome is a large multi purpose domed sports stadium located in barangay Dalandanan that hosts several sports events concerts promotional events seminars job fairs etc Dubbed as Valenzuela City s best kept secret the Tagalag Fishing Village lies beside a 1 3 kilometer boardwalk in Barangay Tagalag Various activities are being offered in one of the newest attractions in the city such as recreational fishing line fishing tutorials bird watching boating photowalk and sunset watching 102 Gallery of tourist spots in Valenzuela Valenzuela People s Park Polo Mini Park Valenzuela Family Park Arkong Bato entry marker National Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima San Diego de Alcala Church Hearts of Jesus and Mary Parish Church Museo Valenzuela Tagalag Fishing VillageServices EditEducation Edit Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela main building in Malinta Valenzuela City Polytechnic College entry marker in Parada The Valenzuela City School of Mathematics and Science in 2014 Further information Division of City Schools Valenzuela The city collaborates with other institutions government or private to bring quality education among its citizens under the WIN ang Edukasyon Program roughly means Education WIN sic Program WIN is the nickname of the current mayor Sherwin Gatchalian In 2010 the government in partnership with the local school board funded the purchase and construction of computer laboratories in 10 secondary schools all having a net worth of Php 17 7M or about US 410 000 as of April 2011 This also includes the distribution of Php 1 46M or about US 34 000 as of April 2011 computers in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela and Valenzuela City Polytechnic College as part of Department of Education s ICT4E Strategic Plan In this project information and communication technology education is extended and expanded among all students 103 In 2009 the City Engineering Office repaired sidewalks and drainage to assist students especially during the wet season they also repaired and constructed new buildings and classrooms to some schools in the city 104 Under the same program elementary school students received free mathematics and English workbooks published by the government especially designed for Valenzuelanos 104 The steady increase of 3 4 enrollment rate each year forces the government to construct new buildings and classrooms to meet the target 1 45 teacher to student ratio contrary to the current count of 1 50 ratio alternating in three shifts 105 WIN ang Edukasyon Program was done in partnership with the Synergeia Foundation a non government organization that aims to improve education in local governments in the Philippines 106 At the same time WIN ang Edukasyon Program also spearheads the yearly training of some mathematics and English language teachers assigned to Grades 1 and 2 pupils 107 The seminar focuses on how to enhance reading skills language proficiency and mathematics of the students they are teaching through re acquaintance with various drills and activities This was done with the efforts of lecturers from Ateneo de Manila University and Bulacan State University using the approach developed by the UP Diliman s College of Education 108 109 The government owns Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela and Valenzuela City Polytechnic College that serve as the city s state university and technical school for residents and non residents respectively The Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela PLV or University of the City of Valenzuela was established in 2002 and is located within the perimeters of the old city hall in barangay Poblacion In 2009 the city council passed Resolution No 194 series of 2008 which authorized the government to purchase lots costing PhP 33M or about US 750 000 as of April 2011 in nearby Children of Mary Immaculate College as part of the university s expansion 110 Mayor Sherwin Gatchalian assisted the development which has an over all cost of PhP 75M or about US 1 7M as of April 2011 loaned from Development Bank of the Philippines 111 The newly purchased lots are used to construct an annex building which will house the departments of business administration and accountancy The Board of Regents expected an increase of enrollment from 800 to 3 000 students in the next few years 112 Valenzuela City Polytechnic College VCPC was allotted with additional Php 18M or about US 420 000 as of April 2011 budget in 2009 from the city fund which will be used for expansion and upgrade of the college 104 113 There are also privately owned academic institutions including the Our Lady of Fatima University OLFU OLFU was previously granted by Commission on Higher Education an autonomy which includes independence from monitoring and evaluation services by the Commission though still entitled by subsidies and other financial grants from the national government whenever possible The autonomous status of the university was approved on March 11 2009 and expired last March 30 2014 114 Healthcare Edit Valenzuela City Emergency Hospital in Dalandanan There are numerous hospitals in Valenzuela like the city run Valenzuela City Emergency Hospital and the Valenzuela Medical Center There are also privately owned hospitals like Calalang General Hospital Sanctissimo Rosario General Hospital and Fatima University Medical Center a tertiary private hospital under the administration of Our Lady of Fatima University 115 116 117 The soon to rise Valenzuela City West Emergency Hospital and Dialysis Center is located in barangay Dalandanan adjacent to Valenzuela City Astrodome and Dalandanan National High School It will render adequate healthcare services to underprivileged residents at a minimal fee 118 The city implements VC Cares Program which is designed for individuals who are unable to provide healthcare and basic necessities for themselves or meet special emergency situations of need 119 While health care service and financial assistance are generally the forms of assistance given these may be supplemented by other forms of assistance as well as problem solving and referral services Appropriate referrals may be made to other agencies or institutions where complementary services may be obtained 120 According to the 2002 Commission on Audit the city reported accomplishment per health center ranging from as low as 42 26 to as high as 206 and vaccine utilization of 33 to 90 compared to normal 46 to 377 per basic requirements 121 There are swampy areas on Valenzuela and there is a stagnant water in Tullahan River on the south which make citizens vulnerable to mosquito linked diseases such as dengue and malaria Though malaria is not a common case in Valenzuela the city ranks consistently among top five dengue infected regions in the Philippines with around 560 chance of recurrence every year 122 123 In the second quarter of 2008 however only 500 increase was reported compared to the same period in 2007 124 In September 2009 the Department of Health distributed free Olyset anti dengue nets treated permethrin insecticide to Gen T de Leon High School Over 150 rolls of the nets were given and installed to the windows of the said school as part of DOH s Dalaw sa Barangay Aksyon Kontra Dengue Visit Barangay Action against Dengue campaign 125 Shopping centers and utilities Edit On October 28 2005 SM City Valenzuela was inaugurated 126 Other shopping sites such as Puregold Valenzuela the newly renovated South Supermarket and the newly opened Puregold Paso de Blas is also located in the city 127 128 All these stores compete against each other since most have the same product offerings as diversified groceries except for SM City Valenzuela which has upgraded with the opening of The SM Store People from the city with more major shopping needs normally head south to cities such as Quezon City and Manila since they have bigger malls and commercial centers with more diverse trade goods Water supply for the city is supplied by the Metropolitan Water Works and Sewerage System MWSS west concessionaire Maynilad Water Services Inc MWSI 129 130 As of 2006 the city has at least 68 water service coverage as determined by the Regulatory Office of the MWSS 131 132 Each customer receives at least 7 psi water pressure which means supply can reach for up to two floors for residential use 133 Maynilad is owned and currently operated by DMCI Holdings Inc Metro Pacific Investments Corporation DMCI MPIC 134 On June 2 2010 the Sitero Francisco Memorial National High School in barangay Ugong unveiled its first solar generators the first time for a school in the Philippines The six 1 kW photovoltaic solar arrays installed to light nine classrooms are bought from Wanxiang America Corporation through the Foundation for Environmental Education FEE and are part of the solar energy initiative of the city The arrays were shipped from Illinois installation were paid by the city government First district representative Rex Gatchalian and former second district councilor Shalani Soledad headed the switching ceremony that made it the first ever solar powered school in the country 135 136 The solar panels can generate 1 kW to 5 kW of electricity per hour depending on the intensity of sunlight Unused solar energy is stored in eight deep cycle batteries which can be used after sunset The panels also continue to absorb light from the night sky 137 Waste management Edit According to the 2002 Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Report of the Asian Development Bank ADB Valenzuela has the highest number of identified recycling companies in the region 138 It was also said that recycling centers related to plastic materials are relatively higher than other recyclable objects like metals paper glass among others 138 Accordingly the city government allocates an amount of about 785 70 Philippine pesos approx US 18 as of April 2011 for every transportation and collection costs of a ton of waste material In 2003 the city generated about 307 70 tons of waste every day 139 In 2001 it was reported by ADB that the city has as high as 25 solid waste management cost recovery rate through service charges on households and other enterprises for operational activities associated with waste collection treatment and disposal 140 That same year the city s proposal to implement a community based solid waste management project in barangay Mapulang Lupa was approved by the national government which involves social mobilization training of personnel implementation of segregated collection and establishment of materials recovery facility and windows composting operation among others The city government was granted a maximum of US 25 000 from Asian Development Bank for the operation of the project 141 In 1988 the city opened its first waste disposal facility the Lingunan Controlled Dumpsite Every year the facility collects and processed only about 60 of the entire city s waste with landfilling and recycling services The dumpsite uses rice hull ash as daily cover and odor control material for the waste collected in the area 142 Lingunan Controlled Dumpsite also conducted some limited waste segregation and resource recovery operations prior to burial of residual waste 142 In 2006 the controlled dumpsite was closed per MMDA order in 2003 and was subsequently converted into a sanitary landfill as directed by RA 9003 139 In statistics 60 of the wastes collected in the city are collected hauled and dumped in controlled dumpsites while 5 are retrieved and recycled and 35 are thrown everywhere in the city Half of all these wastes are non biodegradable wastes which include plastics Styrofoams and rubbers alike while the remaining are biodegradable wastes which is 70 food and kitchen wastes 20 plant wastes and 10 animal wastes 143 In 2002 there are about 30 small and big junkshops that collect recyclable materials and 20 schools that require their students to bring recyclable stuff as school project 143 The city spearheaded Metro Manila s implementation of full pledged waste management program in 1999 when it became the first area in the region to allocate 2 8 hectare land in barangay Marulas to serve an ecology center and location for the city s waste management program s operation center Biodegradable wastes in this area are converted to fertilizers 144 In 2004 the city government funded the repair of 29 garbage trucks and purchase of another 20 trucks that may increase the capacity of Waste Management Office to do full rounds of garbage every week 145 Justice management Edit In a joint study conducted by the Supreme Court of the Philippines and the United Nations Development Programme in July 2003 assessing inmate and institutional management among selected municipal and city jails in the National Capital Region it was found that Valenzuela City Jail has a congestion rate of 170 According to the study the excess number of inmates in Metro Manila jails resulted into outbreak of various ailments such as psychiatric disorders pulmonary tuberculosis and skin diseases The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology recommends the implementation of release programs under applicable laws 146 The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology BJMP of Valenzuela is located along Valenzuela Hall of Justice in barangay Karuhatan 147 It was formerly located at the old city hall in barangay Maysan which was transferred by mayor Sherwin Gatchalian in 2010 along with other trial courts the police headquarters and prosecutor s office of the city 148 That same year the BJMP launched the Alternative Learning System program in partnership with the local government and Department of Education DepEd as part of the rehabilitation programs to city jail inmates Successful passers of the program received certification of DepEd as proof of completion of secondary education 149 Transportation Edit North Luzon Expressway southbound lane in Barangay Canumay West MacArthur Highway in Barangay Malanday Expressways such as the North Luzon Expressway NLEX and NLEX Harbor Link project traverse through Valenzuela Valenzuela is accessible to and from NLEX via Paso de Blas Interchange formerly known as Malinta Exit due to the road s direct access to barangay Malinta at Km 28 It also has exits towards barangays Lingunan and Lawang Bato Meanwhile the Harbor Link project where Segments 8 1 and 9 are components of Circumferential Road 5 provides access to Valenzuela through its interchanges at MacArthur Highway Karuhatan Smart Connect Interchange with NLEX and Mindanao Avenue in barangay Ugong as well as exits towards barangays Parada and Gen T de Leon 150 151 Valenzuela is also connected to Bulacan through MacArthur Highway which ends at Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan One of the well known bridges in Valenzuela is the Tullahan Bridge in barangay Marulas that connects the city to barangay Potrero in Malabon 48 Tullahan bridge is part of MacArthur Highway that was built during the Spanish era as a way of transporting vehicles over Tullahan River In the span of years it was renovated repeatedly most recent was in 2008 though defects on the bridge began to appear barely six months after it opened for public use 152 153 154 The city is webbed by hundreds of roads where 99 622 of them has a surface type of concrete while the remaining 0 378 were made of dirt 155 The Department of Public Works and Highways recognizes nine national bridges in Valenzuela listed below 156 Other bridges are just minors that connect small cliffs and former landfill areas like Malinta Bridge in barangay Malinta City roads has an average road density of 1 155 kilometer of road per 100 square kilometer of land area Each road has an average road section of 155 sections and spans 54 267 km 155 The Valenzuela Gateway Complex Terminal in Paso de Blas is designated by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority as Manila s northern provincial bus terminal Bus companies also founded terminals in barangay Malanday northernmost locality of Valenzuela along the border with Bulacan though there are terminals situated in barangays Dalandanan and Karuhatan as well This includes Laguna Star Bus PAMANA Transport Service Inc CEM Trans Services and Philippine Corinthian Liner Inc among others These buses are lined with Metro Manila destinations only usually in Alabang or Baclaran with routes along EDSA Bus traffic is also dense at barangays Paso de Blas and Bagbaguin due to its proximity to KM 28 NLEx Interchange and bus terminals in Novaliches Quezon City Other modes of transportation includes jeepneys with routes usually from Malanday to Recto Santa Cruz Divisoria Pier 15 South Harbor amp T M Kalaw in Manila and Grace Park amp Monumento in Caloocan and Malinta to Malolos City Baliuag and Santa Maria along MacArthur Highway for general mass transportation tricycles or trikes for small scale transportation and taxicabs for upper middle classes There are no airports and ports in Valenzuela External relations EditSee also List of sister cities in the Philippines Valenzuela is twinned with the following towns and cities Country Place Region State Date South Korea Bucheon 157 158 Gyeonggi 2006 Philippines Santa Cruz 159 Marinduque 2008 Philippines Narvacan 160 Ilocos Sur 2012 Philippines Angeles 161 Pampanga 2012 Philippines Altavas Aklan 2012 Philippines Koronadal 162 South Cotabato 2012 Philippines Bayugan Agusan Del Sur 2012 Philippines Alabat Quezon 2012 Philippines Buenavista Quezon 2012 Philippines Calauag Quezon 2012 Philippines Candelaria Quezon 2012 Philippines Catanauan Quezon 2012 Philippines Dolores Quezon 2012 Philippines General Nakar Quezon 2012 Philippines Guinayangan Quezon 2012 Philippines Gumaca Quezon 2012 Philippines Infanta Quezon 2012 Philippines Jomalig Quezon 2012 Philippines Lucban Quezon 2012 Philippines Macalelon Quezon 2012 Philippines Padre Burgos Quezon 2012 Philippines Pagbilao Quezon 2012 Philippines Perez Quezon 2012 Philippines Sampaloc Quezon 2012 Philippines San Antonio Quezon 2012 Philippines San Narciso Quezon 2012 Philippines Sariaya Quezon 2012 Philippines Unisan Quezon 2012 Philippines Taraka Lanao Del Sur 2012 Philippines Malinao Albay 2012 Philippines Quezon Quezon 2012 Philippines Batangas Batangas 2012 Philippines Luna La Union 2012 Philippines Calapan Oriental Mindoro 2012 Philippines Allen Northern Samar 2012 Philippines Kananga Leyte 2012 Philippines Navotas Metro Manila 2013 Philippines Marilao Bulacan 2013 Philippines Santa Maria Laguna 2013 Philippines Mina Iloilo 2014 Philippines Daet Camarines Norte 2014 Philippines Mercedes Camarines Norte 2014 Philippines Dumangas Iloilo 2014 Philippines Cabatuan Iloilo 2014 Philippines New Lucena Iloilo 2014 Philippines Pambujan Samar 2014 Philippines Lavezares Northern Samar 2014 Philippines Sagay Camiguin 2014 Philippines Hernani Eastern Samar 2014 Philippines Jose Panganiban Camarines Norte 2014 Philippines Vinzons Camarines Norte 2014 Philippines Labo Camarines Norte 2014 Philippines San Antonio Nueva Ecija 2014 Philippines Legazpi Albay 2014 Philippines Bustos Bulacan 2014 Philippines San Vicente Northern Samar 2014 Philippines Laoag Ilocos Norte 2015 Philippines Urdaneta Pangasinan 2015 Philippines San Fernando La Union 2015 Philippines Panglima Sugala Tawi Tawi 2015 Philippines Goa Camarines Sur 2016 Philippines Baliuag Bulacan 2016 Philippines Cuenca Batangas 2016 Philippines Natonin Mountain Province 2017 Philippines Rizal Cagayan 2017 Philippines San Mateo Rizal 2017 Philippines Bulan Sorsogon 2018 Philippines Capoocan Leyte 2018 Philippines Oroquieta Misamis Occidental 2019 Philippines Dao Capiz 2019 Philippines La Paz Abra 2019 Philippines Bongabong Oriental Mindoro 2019 Philippines Pandan Antique 2020Friendship links Edit Valenzuela has friendship links with no formal constitution with the following towns and cities Agreements usually forged towards industrial cultural or academic exchanges and understanding Yangzhou Jiangsu China 158 163 Kauai Hawaii United States 164 Notable people EditAtty Santiago San Andres de Guzman Municipal Mayor from 1988 to 1992 Virgilio Billy Abarrientos member of the Crispa Redmanizers Eugenio Angeles 1868 1977 former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1967 to 1968 165 Bobbit Carlos born 1957 former mayor 1995 2004 and representative 2004 2007 Danilo L Concepcion former youth sector representative to the Interim Batasang Pambansa 1978 1984 former Vice President for Legal Affairs of University of the Philippines Dean of UP College of Law since 2011 and concurrently President of the University of the Philippines since 2017 Glaiza de Castro born 1988 Filipina actress and singer Ford Valencia born 1995 Pinoy Boyband Superstar winner member of Boyband PH Gerard Gerry Esplana born 1966 former athlete 1993 2003 former member of Presto Tivolis Santa Lucia Realtors and Shell Turbo Chargers and former city councilor 2004 2013 Franzen Fajardo born 1982 actor TV host and former reality show contestant Florentino V Floro Jr born 1953 former judge Win Gatchalian born 1974 former mayor 2004 2013 representative 2001 2004 2013 2016 and Senator of the Philippines since 2016 Roberto Bobby Jose member of the 1989 Petron Blaze Boosters Grand Slam team and was the PBA All Star during his rookie year Charee Pineda born 1990 actress and city councilor since 2013 Ignacio Santiago Sr former mayor 1956 1959 and 1964 1967 of Valenzuela then governor of Bulacan from 1968 to 1986 166 Pablo Santiago Sr died 1998 film director and producer Randy Santiago born 1960 actor television host singer songwriter producer director and entrepreneur Raymart Santiago born 1973 action star and comedian Guillermo S Santos 1915 1991 former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1977 to 1980 167 Jose Serapio former mayor 1912 1917 and former governor of Bulacan 1900 1901 168 Shalani Soledad Shalani Soledad Romulo born 1980 former city councilor 2004 2013 and TV personality Pio Valenzuela 1869 1956 physician patriot writer and member of the Katipunan society Namesake of Valenzuela See also Edit Philippines portalGeography of Manila Greater Manila Area Imperial Manila List of parks in Manila List of populated places in Metro Manila List of renamed cities and municipalities in the Philippines Mega Manila Public transport in Manila Transportation in Metro ManilaReferences Edit a b c Letter to the Director of the NHCP National Historical Commission of the Philippines Retrieved February 4 2013 a b c d ARAW NG VALENZUELA 2012 Kasaysayan Kasarinlan Kaunlaran in Tagalog Museo Valenzuela November 8 2012 Retrieved February 4 2013 Executive Summary of the 1999 Annual Audit Report on the City of Valenzuela Commission on Audit Retrieved April 19 2011 City of Valenzuela DILG 2015 Census of Population Report No 3 Population Land Area and Population Density PDF Philippine Statistics Authority Quezon City Philippines August 2016 ISSN 0117 1453 Archived PDF from the original on May 25 2021 Retrieved July 16 2021 a b Census of Population 2020 National Capital Region NCR Total Population by Province City Municipality and Barangay PSA Retrieved July 8 2021 https psa gov ph sites default files Table 202a 20Updated 20Annual 20Per 20Capita 20Poverty 20Threshold 2C 20Poverty 20Incidence 20and 20Magnitude 20of 20Poor 20Population 20with 20Measures 20of 20Precision 2C 20 20by 20Region 2C 20Province 20and 20HUC 2018 xlsx publication date 4 June 2020 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority a b c Republic Act No 8526 An Act Converting the Municipality of Valenzuela into a Highly Urbanized City to be Known as the City of Valenzuela Retrieved April 21 2011 Valenzuela celebrates 13th cityhood anniversary on Monday Bayanihan org February 14 2011 Archived from the original on August 12 2011 Retrieved April 23 2011 Hanks Patrick 2003 Dictionary of American Family Names e reference ed Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 508137 4 Retrieved April 26 2011 ISBN 978 0 19 508137 4 Alternative URL can be found in Ancestry com Dr Pio Valenzuela 1869 1956 Archived from the original on February 19 2009 Retrieved September 21 2009 Alvarez Carolina amp Malay 1992 p 6 Arenas 1997 p 33 Arenas 1997 p 34 Arenas 1997 p 36 a b City Ordinance 03 An Ordinance Declaring November 7 and Years Thereafter as Valenzuela Foundation Day Valenzuela City Council Retrieved April 19 2011 Arenas 1997 p 39 a b Arenas 1997 p 42 Arenas 1997 p 47 a b Arenas 1997 p 46 Diocese of Novaliches Arenas 1997 p 48 https m facebook com story php story fbid 10215303585008491 amp id 1401141105 user generated source Supreme Council Record of meeting held on February 1 1896 in Polo Archivo General Militar de Madrid Caja 5677 leg 1 20 Katipunan Documents and Studies Archived from the original on September 1 2012 Retrieved February 4 2013 Guillermo Artemio R 2012 Historical Dictionary of the Philippines Scarecrow Press ISBN 9780810872462 Arenas 1997 p 50 Sagmit 2007 p 156 Pio Valenzuela 1921 1925 Province of Bulacan Republic of the Philippines Retrieved May 28 2016 a b Tiongson 2004 p 109 Tiongson 2004 p 196 Duka 2008 p 180 a b Arenas 1997 p 52 Executive Order No 401 s 1960 July 21 1960 Creating the municipality of Valenzuela in the province of Bulacan retrieved April 24 2022 Arenas 1997 p 54 Arenas 1997 p 56 Arenas 1997 pp 55 56 Arenas 1997 p 58 Project Study June 2009 PDF Timog Hilaga Providence Group Archived from the original PDF on September 29 2013 Retrieved December 12 2011 Mahilum Ed February 12 2011 Valenzuela to mark 13th year with mega jobs trade fairs Manila Bulletin Retrieved December 11 2011 An Act Declaring February 14 of Every Year a Special Working Holiday in the City of Valenzuela to be Known as Araw ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela Philippine Congress Retrieved December 11 2011 Papa Alcuin Santos Tina December 11 2002 Fire leads to shabu lab biggest drug bust ever Inq7 net INQ7 Interactive Inc Archived from the original on January 1 2003 Retrieved April 17 2022 Valenzuela mayor 6 others ordered dismissed over Kentex blaze The Philippine Star 5 March 2016 Archived from the original on 9 October 2016 Retrieved 23 March 2016 Saunar Ivy May 15 2015 Kentex blaze 3rd worst fire incident in Philippines BFP CNN Philippines CNN Philippines Retrieved March 23 2016 Valenzuela City The City Valenzuela City Retrieved April 19 2011 a b Carcamo Dennis September 28 2010 MMDA partners with private firm for Tullahan River dredging The Philippine Star Archived from the original on February 16 2013 Retrieved April 21 2011 An Anvil Award for the MNTC Tullahan River Adoption Eco Generation World Environment News Archived from the original on August 15 2011 Retrieved April 21 2011 a b c Tenejeros River can easily be saved Philippine Daily Inquirer September 28 2007 Archived from the original on November 14 2011 Retrieved April 21 2011 a b c Calalo Arlie November 27 2010 DENR SMC ink pact to save Tullahan River The Daily Tribune Retrieved April 21 2011 Mahilum Ed September 22 2010 Group Formed to Clean Up Tullahan River Manila Bulletin Retrieved April 21 2011 INSIDE STORY Building resilience to climate change locally The case of Valenzuela City Metro Manila a b c Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population Philippine Statistics Authority Retrieved May 29 2016 Climate Information and Statistics Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Archived from the original on May 25 2013 Retrieved April 21 2011 Weather gt Philippines gt Manila BBC Weather Retrieved April 21 2011 Climate Valenzuela Climate graph Temperature graph Climate table en climate data org Retrieved August 11 2014 de Guzman Constancio 2005 Farming in the City An Annotated Bibliography of Urban and Peri Urban Agriculture in the Philippines with Emphasis on Metro Manila PDF University of the Philippines Los Banos International Potato Center p 41 Archived from the original PDF on January 25 2012 Retrieved December 4 2011 Ecotourism Sites in National Capital Region Department of Environment and Natural Resources Archived from the original on April 24 2012 Retrieved December 4 2011 Carvajal Nancy March 3 2008 Birds find nesting place in Valenzuela City Philippine Daily Inquirer Archived from the original on May 1 2014 Retrieved December 4 2011 Natividad Beverly January 9 2010 Valenzuela offers best spots in Metro for local anglers Philippine Daily Inquirer Archived from the original on January 13 2010 Retrieved December 4 2011 Rempollo Jay January 1 2008 SC Names Environmental Courts Supreme Court of the Philippines Archived 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Valenzuela Facebook Valenzuela City Cultural and Tourism Development Office March 28 2019 Retrieved March 28 2019 An Act Declaring February 14 Every Year a Special Working Holiday in the City of Valenzuela to be Known as Araw ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela Retrieved April 23 2011 Valenzuela Travel guide Philippines Travel Grove Retrieved May 12 2009 Vanzi Sol Jose May 2 2000 Valenzuela San Roque Festival starts tomorrow Headlines News Philippines Retrieved April 23 2011 Sidney May 13 2006 Feast of San Roque Mabolo Valenzuela City Archived from the original on June 14 2006 Retrieved May 12 2009 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Mano Po San Roque Festival Department of Tourism Retrieved April 23 2011 Paraiso Philippines gt gt Valenzuela City Retrieved May 12 2009 a b Catapat Willie November 14 2009 Polo fiesta Valenzuela s grandest Manila Bulletin Retrieved January 7 2012 permanent dead link Vanzi Sol Jose November 6 2001 Valenzuela City honors Putong Pulo Philippine Headline News Online Retrieved April 22 2011 Luci Charissa November 11 2004 4th Putong Polo fest launched tomorrow in V lenzuela City Manila Bulletin Retrieved April 22 2011 Poverty incidence PI Philippine Statistics Authority Retrieved December 28 2020 https psa gov ph sites default files NSCB LocalPovertyPhilippines 0 pdf publication date 29 November 2005 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files 2003 20SAE 20of 20poverty 20 28Full 20Report 29 1 pdf publication date 23 March 2009 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files 2006 20and 202009 20City 20and 20Municipal 20Level 20Poverty 20Estimates 0 1 pdf publication date 3 August 2012 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files 2012 20Municipal 20and 20City 20Level 20Poverty 20Estima7tes 20Publication 20 281 29 pdf publication date 31 May 2016 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files City 20and 20Municipal level 20Small 20Area 20Poverty 20Estimates 202009 2C 202012 20and 202015 0 xlsx publication date 10 July 2019 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority https psa gov ph sites default files Table 202a 20Updated 20Annual 20Per 20Capita 20Poverty 20Threshold 2C 20Poverty 20Incidence 20and 20Magnitude 20of 20Poor 20Population 20with 20Measures 20of 20Precision 2C 20 20by 20Region 2C 20Province 20and 20HUC 2018 xlsx publication date 4 June 2020 publisher Philippine Statistics Authority Catapat Willie August 16 2005 China official traders visit Valenzuela industrial sites Manila Bulletin Retrieved December 3 2011 PIO Administrator Team People s Park to open in Valenzuela City on Valentine s Day City Government of Valenzuela Retrieved March 26 2020 March 14 Susan G De Leon Published on 2019 Valenzuela opens new family park Philippine Information Agency Retrieved March 26 2020 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Valenzuela marks greener upgraded historic Polo Park Manila Standard Retrieved March 26 2020 a b c Valenzuela Tourist Attractions Retrieved January 7 2012 a b c Valenzuela Sights and Landmarks Guide Philippines Retrieved January 7 2012 Towns and Cities Valenzuela Retrieved January 7 2012 Darang Josephine May 6 2007 Purely Personal Catholics mark 90th Fatima anniversary Philippine Daily Inquirer Retrieved May 7 2009 a b Uy Jocelyn February 24 2011 EDSA Fatima blessed by Pope Sin fetched image in NJ Philippine Daily Inquirer Archived from the original on February 25 2011 Retrieved April 23 2011 Lao Levine January 17 2011 Marian devotion modern Filipino art blend in Valenzuela exhibit Philippine Daily Inquirer Archived from the original on April 11 2011 Retrieved April 23 2011 Aquino Leslie Ann May 29 2010 Our Lady of Guadalupe now a national shrine Manila Bulletin Retrieved April 23 2011 Ruiz JC Bello James Catapusan Willie Catapat 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