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Municipalities of the Philippines

January 10, 2023

For a complete list of municipalities in the Philippines, see List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines.

A municipality (Tagalog: bayan/munisipalidad; Hiligaynon: banwa; Cebuano: lungsod/munisipalidad/munisipyo; Pangasinan: baley; Kapampangan: balen/balayan; Central Bikol: banwaan; Waray: bungto/munisipyo; Ilocano: ili) is a local government unit (LGU) in the Philippines. It is distinct from city, which is a different category of local government unit. Provinces of the Philippines are divided into cities and municipalities, which in turn, are divided into barangays (formerly barrios) – villages. As of September 7, 2019, there are 1,488 municipalities across the country.[1]

A municipality is the official term for, and the official local equivalent of, a town,[2] the latter being its archaic term and in all of its literal local translations including Filipino.[3][4][5][6][7] Both terms are interchangeable.

A municipal district is a now-defunct local government unit; previously certain areas were created first as municipal districts before they were converted into municipalities.

History

The era of the formation of municipalities in the Philippines started during the Spanish rule, in which the colonial government founded hundreds of towns and villages across the archipelago modeled after towns and villages in Spain. They were then grouped together along with a centralized town center called cabecera or poblacion where the ayuntamiento, or town hall, was located; the poblacion served as the nucleus of each municipality. Only the communities that were permanently settled under the reduccion system,[8] and have fully converted into Catholicism, are allowed to form municipalities, while others that have not yet been fully converted are to be subdued until conditions permitted for them to be incorporated as municipalities.[9] As time passed, municipalities were created out of already existing ones, leading to them becoming smaller in area over time.[10] Each municipality was governed by a capitan, usually a member of native principalia of the town, who have the task of remitting revenues to the central government in Manila.[11] Ever since its inception to the present day, the term "municipality" holds the same definition as "town" when the first towns grew in size under the Spanish pueblo system (pueblo meaning "town" in Spanish language) to be granted municipal charters, hence the current official term for such type of settlements.[2][12]

During the American administration, the municipal system put in place by the preceding Spanish authorities was preserved and at the same time reformed with greater inclusiveness among all Filipinos.[13] Municipal districts, which were in essence unincorporated areas presided over by local tribal chiefs set up by American authorities, were created for the first time in 1914.[14] More municipalities were created during this time, especially in Mindanao where there was a massive influx of settlers from the Luzon and the Visayas.[15] After a while the independent Republic of the Philippines was declared in 1946, all municipal districts were dissolved and were absorbed into or broken into municipalities.[16] The latest guidelines in the creation of new municipalities were introduced in 1991 with the issuance of the Local Government Code.[17]

Responsibilities and powers

Municipalities have some autonomy from the National Government of the Republic of the Philippines under the Local Government Code of 1991. They have been granted corporate personality enabling them to enact local policies and laws, enforce them, and govern their jurisdictions. They can enter into contracts and other transactions through their elected and appointed officials and can tax. They are tasked with enforcing all laws, whether local or national. The National Government assists and supervises the local government to make sure that they do not violate national law. Local Governments have their own executive and legislative branches and the checks and balances between these two major branches, along with their separation, are more pronounced than that of the national government.[18] The Judicial Branch of the Republic of the Philippines also caters to the needs of local government units. Local governments, such as a municipalities, do not have their own judicial branch: their judiciary is the same as that of the national government.

Organization

According to Chapter II, Title II, Book III of Republic Act 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991,[18] a municipality shall mainly have a mayor (alkalde), a vice mayor (ikalawang alkalde / bise alkalde) and members (kagawad) of the legislative branch Sangguniang Bayan alongside a secretary to the said legislature.

The following positions are also required for all municipalities across the Philippines:

  • Treasurer
  • Assessor
  • Accountant
  • Budget Officer
  • Planning and Development Coordinator
  • Engineer / Building Official
  • Health Officer
  • Civil Registrar
  • Municipal Disaster Risks Reduction and Management Officer

Depending on the need to do so, the municipal mayor may also appoint the following municipal positions:

  • Administrator
  • Legal Officer
  • Agriculturist
  • Architect
  • Information Officer
  • Tourism Officer
  • Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer
  • Municipal Social Welfare and Development Officer

Duties and functions

As mentioned in Title II, Book III of Republic Act 7160, the municipal mayor is the chief executive officer of the municipal government and shall determine guidelines on local policies and direct formulation of development plans. These responsibilities shall be under approval of the Sangguniang Bayan.

The vice mayor (bise-alkalde) shall sign all warrants drawn on the municipal treasury. Being presiding officer of the Sangguniang Bayan (English: Municipal Council), he can as well appoint members of the municipal legislature except its twelve (12) regular members or kagawad who are also elected every local election alongside the municipal mayor and vice mayor. In circumstances where the mayor permanently or temporarily vacates the position, he shall assume executive duties and functions.

While vice mayor presides over the legislature, he cannot vote unless the necessity of tie-breaking arises. Laws or ordinances proposed by the Sangguniang Bayan, however, may be approved or vetoed by the mayor. If approved, they become local ordinances. If the mayor neither vetoes nor approves the proposal of the Sangguniang Bayan for ten (10) days from the time of receipt, the proposal becomes law as if it had been signed. If vetoed, the draft is sent back to the Sangguniang Bayan. The latter may override the mayor by a vote of at least two-thirds (2 / 3) of all its members, in which case, the proposal becomes law.

A municipality, upon reaching a certain requirements – minimum population size, and minimum annual revenue – may opt to become a city. First, a bill must be passed in Congress, then signed into law by the President and then the residents would vote in the succeeding plebiscite to accept or reject cityhood. One benefit in being a city is that the city government gets more budget, but taxes are much higher than in municipalities.

Income classification

Municipalities are divided into income classes according to their average annual income during the previous four calendar years:[19][20]

Class Average annual income ₱
First At least 55,000,000
Second 45,000,000 – 55,000,000
Third 35,000,000 – 45,000,000
Fourth 25,000,000 – 35,000,000
Fifth 15,000,000 – 25,000,000
Sixth below 15,000,000

See also

References

  1. ^ PSA 2016.
  2. ^ a b Bernard Moses (1904). "Colonial Policy with Reference to the Philippines" (PDF). Proceedings of the American Political Science Association. 1: 103. doi:10.2307/3038324. JSTOR 3038324. Retrieved Oct 6, 2021.
  3. ^ "Tagalog Language Packet" (PDF). p. 51. Retrieved Oct 6, 2021.
  4. ^ "English to Filipino Meaning :: town". Retrieved Oct 6, 2021.
  5. ^ "Visayan-English Dictionary by Gutenberg Project" (PDF). p. 286. Retrieved Oct 6, 2021.
  6. ^ "Cebuano For Beginners" (PDF). p. 33. Retrieved Oct 6, 2021.
  7. ^ "Ilocano Dictionary - Town". Retrieved Oct 6, 2021.
  8. ^ Constantino, Renato; Constantino, Letizia R. (1975). "Chapter V - The Colonial Landscape". The Philippines: A Past Revisited (Vol. I) (Sixteenth Printing (January 1998) ed.). Manila, Philippines: Renato Constantino. pp. 60–61. ISBN 971-895-800-2. OL 9180911M.
  9. ^ Carl C. Plehn (1901). "Taxation in the Philippines. I" (PDF). Political Science Quarterly. 16 (4): 690. doi:10.2307/2140422. JSTOR 2140422. Retrieved Oct 6, 2021.
  10. ^ Antonio Figueroa (Feb 18, 2017). "FAST BACKWARD: The dissolution of Roxas town". Retrieved Oct 6, 2021.
  11. ^ Carl C. Plehn (1901). "Taxation in the Philippines. I" (PDF). Political Science Quarterly. 16 (4): 688. doi:10.2307/2140422. JSTOR 2140422. Retrieved Oct 6, 2021.
  12. ^ Norman G. Owen (1971). Compadre Colonialism: Studies In The Philippines Under American Rule. p. 17. ISBN 9780891480037.
  13. ^ Norman G. Owen (1971). Compadre Colonialism: Studies In The Philippines Under American Rule. p. 18. ISBN 9780891480037.
  14. ^ "Act No. 2408". Retrieved Oct 6, 2021.
  15. ^ "Mindanao: Land of promise (1999)". Retrieved Oct 6, 2021.
  16. ^ "Executive Order No. 42, s. 1963: Declaring Certain Municipal Districts in the Philippines as Municipalities". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved Oct 7, 2021.
  17. ^ "THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES" (PDF). Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved Oct 7, 2021.
  18. ^ a b RA7160 1991.
  19. ^ NSCB 2008.
  20. ^ NSCB 2001.

Sources

  • Republic Act No. 7160 (Oct 10, 1991), Local Government Code of 1991 (8th Congress of the Republic of the Philippines), from the original on May 3, 2016
  • . NSCB. Nov 20, 2001. Archived from the original on Aug 30, 2003.
  • (PDF). NSCB. Jul 29, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on Nov 13, 2010.
  • . PSA. Mar 31, 2016. Archived from the original on Jul 6, 2016.

January 10, 2023
municipalities, philippines, complete, list, municipalities, philippines, list, cities, municipalities, philippines, municipality, tagalog, bayan, munisipalidad, hiligaynon, banwa, cebuano, lungsod, munisipalidad, munisipyo, pangasinan, baley, kapampangan, bal. For a complete list of municipalities in the Philippines see List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines A municipality Tagalog bayan munisipalidad Hiligaynon banwa Cebuano lungsod munisipalidad munisipyo Pangasinan baley Kapampangan balen balayan Central Bikol banwaan Waray bungto munisipyo Ilocano ili is a local government unit LGU in the Philippines It is distinct from city which is a different category of local government unit Provinces of the Philippines are divided into cities and municipalities which in turn are divided into barangays formerly barrios villages As of September 7 2019 update there are 1 488 municipalities across the country 1 A municipality is the official term for and the official local equivalent of a town 2 the latter being its archaic term and in all of its literal local translations including Filipino 3 4 5 6 7 Both terms are interchangeable A municipal district is a now defunct local government unit previously certain areas were created first as municipal districts before they were converted into municipalities Contents 1 History 2 Responsibilities and powers 3 Organization 3 1 Duties and functions 4 Income classification 5 See also 6 References 7 SourcesHistory EditThe era of the formation of municipalities in the Philippines started during the Spanish rule in which the colonial government founded hundreds of towns and villages across the archipelago modeled after towns and villages in Spain They were then grouped together along with a centralized town center called cabecera or poblacion where the ayuntamiento or town hall was located the poblacion served as the nucleus of each municipality Only the communities that were permanently settled under the reduccion system 8 and have fully converted into Catholicism are allowed to form municipalities while others that have not yet been fully converted are to be subdued until conditions permitted for them to be incorporated as municipalities 9 As time passed municipalities were created out of already existing ones leading to them becoming smaller in area over time 10 Each municipality was governed by a capitan usually a member of native principalia of the town who have the task of remitting revenues to the central government in Manila 11 Ever since its inception to the present day the term municipality holds the same definition as town when the first towns grew in size under the Spanish pueblo system pueblo meaning town in Spanish language to be granted municipal charters hence the current official term for such type of settlements 2 12 During the American administration the municipal system put in place by the preceding Spanish authorities was preserved and at the same time reformed with greater inclusiveness among all Filipinos 13 Municipal districts which were in essence unincorporated areas presided over by local tribal chiefs set up by American authorities were created for the first time in 1914 14 More municipalities were created during this time especially in Mindanao where there was a massive influx of settlers from the Luzon and the Visayas 15 After a while the independent Republic of the Philippines was declared in 1946 all municipal districts were dissolved and were absorbed into or broken into municipalities 16 The latest guidelines in the creation of new municipalities were introduced in 1991 with the issuance of the Local Government Code 17 Responsibilities and powers EditMunicipalities have some autonomy from the National Government of the Republic of the Philippines under the Local Government Code of 1991 They have been granted corporate personality enabling them to enact local policies and laws enforce them and govern their jurisdictions They can enter into contracts and other transactions through their elected and appointed officials and can tax They are tasked with enforcing all laws whether local or national The National Government assists and supervises the local government to make sure that they do not violate national law Local Governments have their own executive and legislative branches and the checks and balances between these two major branches along with their separation are more pronounced than that of the national government 18 The Judicial Branch of the Republic of the Philippines also caters to the needs of local government units Local governments such as a municipalities do not have their own judicial branch their judiciary is the same as that of the national government Organization EditAccording to Chapter II Title II Book III of Republic Act 7160 or the Local Government Code of 1991 18 a municipality shall mainly have a mayor alkalde a vice mayor ikalawang alkalde bise alkalde and members kagawad of the legislative branch Sangguniang Bayan alongside a secretary to the said legislature The following positions are also required for all municipalities across the Philippines Treasurer Assessor Accountant Budget Officer Planning and Development Coordinator Engineer Building Official Health Officer Civil Registrar Municipal Disaster Risks Reduction and Management Officer Depending on the need to do so the municipal mayor may also appoint the following municipal positions Administrator Legal Officer Agriculturist Architect Information Officer Tourism Officer Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer Municipal Social Welfare and Development Officer Duties and functions Edit As mentioned in Title II Book III of Republic Act 7160 the municipal mayor is the chief executive officer of the municipal government and shall determine guidelines on local policies and direct formulation of development plans These responsibilities shall be under approval of the Sangguniang Bayan The vice mayor bise alkalde shall sign all warrants drawn on the municipal treasury Being presiding officer of the Sangguniang Bayan English Municipal Council he can as well appoint members of the municipal legislature except its twelve 12 regular members or kagawad who are also elected every local election alongside the municipal mayor and vice mayor In circumstances where the mayor permanently or temporarily vacates the position he shall assume executive duties and functions While vice mayor presides over the legislature he cannot vote unless the necessity of tie breaking arises Laws or ordinances proposed by the Sangguniang Bayan however may be approved or vetoed by the mayor If approved they become local ordinances If the mayor neither vetoes nor approves the proposal of the Sangguniang Bayan for ten 10 days from the time of receipt the proposal becomes law as if it had been signed If vetoed the draft is sent back to the Sangguniang Bayan The latter may override the mayor by a vote of at least two thirds 2 3 of all its members in which case the proposal becomes law A municipality upon reaching a certain requirements minimum population size and minimum annual revenue may opt to become a city First a bill must be passed in Congress then signed into law by the President and then the residents would vote in the succeeding plebiscite to accept or reject cityhood One benefit in being a city is that the city government gets more budget but taxes are much higher than in municipalities Income classification EditMunicipalities are divided into income classes according to their average annual income during the previous four calendar years 19 20 Class Average annual income First At least 55 000 000Second 45 000 000 55 000 000Third 35 000 000 45 000 000Fourth 25 000 000 35 000 000Fifth 15 000 000 25 000 000Sixth below 15 000 000See also EditSangguniang Bayan List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines List of renamed cities and municipalities in the PhilippinesReferences Edit PSA 2016 a b Bernard Moses 1904 Colonial Policy with Reference to the Philippines PDF Proceedings of the American Political Science Association 1 103 doi 10 2307 3038324 JSTOR 3038324 Retrieved Oct 6 2021 Tagalog Language Packet PDF p 51 Retrieved Oct 6 2021 English to Filipino Meaning town Retrieved Oct 6 2021 Visayan English Dictionary by Gutenberg Project PDF p 286 Retrieved Oct 6 2021 Cebuano For Beginners PDF p 33 Retrieved Oct 6 2021 Ilocano Dictionary Town Retrieved Oct 6 2021 Constantino Renato Constantino Letizia R 1975 Chapter V The Colonial Landscape The Philippines A Past Revisited Vol I Sixteenth Printing January 1998 ed Manila Philippines Renato Constantino pp 60 61 ISBN 971 895 800 2 OL 9180911M Carl C Plehn 1901 Taxation in the Philippines I PDF Political Science Quarterly 16 4 690 doi 10 2307 2140422 JSTOR 2140422 Retrieved Oct 6 2021 Antonio Figueroa Feb 18 2017 FAST BACKWARD The dissolution of Roxas town Retrieved Oct 6 2021 Carl C Plehn 1901 Taxation in the Philippines I PDF Political Science Quarterly 16 4 688 doi 10 2307 2140422 JSTOR 2140422 Retrieved Oct 6 2021 Norman G Owen 1971 Compadre Colonialism Studies In The Philippines Under American Rule p 17 ISBN 9780891480037 Norman G Owen 1971 Compadre Colonialism Studies In The Philippines Under American Rule p 18 ISBN 9780891480037 Act No 2408 Retrieved Oct 6 2021 Mindanao Land of promise 1999 Retrieved Oct 6 2021 Executive Order No 42 s 1963 Declaring Certain Municipal Districts in the Philippines as Municipalities Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines Retrieved Oct 7 2021 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES PDF Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines Retrieved Oct 7 2021 a b RA7160 1991 NSCB 2008 NSCB 2001 Sources EditRepublic Act No 7160 Oct 10 1991 Local Government Code of 1991 8th Congress of the Republic of the Philippines archived from the original on May 3 2016 Income Classification for Provinces Cities and Municipalities NSCB Nov 20 2001 Archived from the original on Aug 30 2003 DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE ORDER No 23 08 PDF NSCB Jul 29 2008 Archived from the original PDF on Nov 13 2010 Philippine Standard Geographic Code List of Municipalities PSA Mar 31 2016 Archived from the original on Jul 6 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Municipalities of the Philippines amp oldid 1116386693, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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