An area of tropical monsoon climate (occasionally known as a sub-equatorial, tropical wet climate or a tropical monsoon and trade-wind littoral climate) is a tropical climate sub-type that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification category Am. Tropical monsoon climates have monthly mean temperatures above 18 °C (64 °F) in every month of the year and a dry season.[1]: 200–1 The tropical monsoon climate is the intermediate climate between the wet Af (or tropical rainforest climate) and the drier Aw (or tropical savanna climate).
Worldwide zones of tropical monsoon climate (Am).
A tropical monsoon climate's driest month has on average less than 60 mm, but more than .[1] This is in direct contrast to a tropical savanna climate, whose driest month has less than 60 mm of precipitation and also less than of average monthly precipitation. In essence, a tropical monsoon climate tends to either have more rainfall than a tropical savanna climate or have less pronounced dry seasons. A tropical monsoon climate tends to vary less in temperature during a year than does a tropical savanna climate. This climate has a driest month which nearly always occurs at or soon after the winter solstice.[1]
There are generally two versions of a tropical monsoon climate:
Less pronounced dry seasons. Regions with this variation of the tropical monsoon climate typically see copious amounts of rain during the wet season(s), usually in the form of frequent thunderstorms. Unlike most tropical savanna climates, a sizeable amount of precipitation also falls during the dry season(s). In essence, this version of the tropical monsoon climate generally has less pronounced dry seasons than tropical savanna climates.
Extraordinarily rainy wet seasons and pronounced dry seasons. This variation features pronounced dry seasons similar in length and character to dry seasons observed in tropical savanna climates. This is followed by a sustained period (or sustained periods) of extraordinary rainfall. In some instances, up to (and sometimes in excess of) 1,000 mm of precipitation is observed per month for two or more consecutive months. Tropical savanna climates generally do not see this level of sustained rainfall.
The major controlling factor over a tropical monsoon climate is its relationship to the monsoon circulation. The monsoon is a seasonal change in wind direction. In Asia, during the summer (or high-sun season) there is an onshore flow of air (air moving from ocean toward land). In the “winter” (or low-sun season) an offshore air flow (air moving from land toward water) is prevalent. The change in direction is due to the difference in the way water and land heat.
Changing pressure patterns that affect the seasonality of precipitation also occur in Africa though it generally differs from the way it operates in Asia. During the high-sun season, the Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) induces rain. During the low-sun season, the subtropical high creates dry conditions. The monsoon climates of Africa, and the Americas for that matter, are typically located along tradewind coasts.
^ abcMcKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel (2000). "Climate Zones and Types". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN978-0-13-020263-5.
^. BBC Weather. Archived from the original on 11 March 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
^"Climatological Normals of Conakry". Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 2014-02-12.
^"Weather Information for Miami, Florida". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
February 05, 2023
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An area of tropical monsoon climate occasionally known as a sub equatorial tropical wet climate or a tropical monsoon and trade wind littoral climate is a tropical climate sub type that corresponds to the Koppen climate classification category Am Tropical monsoon climates have monthly mean temperatures above 18 C 64 F in every month of the year and a dry season 1 200 1 The tropical monsoon climate is the intermediate climate between the wet Af or tropical rainforest climate and the drier Aw or tropical savanna climate Worldwide zones of tropical monsoon climate Am A tropical monsoon climate s driest month has on average less than 60 mm but more than 100 T o t a l A n n u a l P r e c i p i t a t i o n m m 25 textstyle 100 left frac Total Annual Precipitation mm 25 right 1 This is in direct contrast to a tropical savanna climate whose driest month has less than 60 mm of precipitation and also less than 100 T o t a l A n n u a l P r e c i p i t a t i o n m m 25 textstyle 100 left frac Total Annual Precipitation mm 25 right of average monthly precipitation In essence a tropical monsoon climate tends to either have more rainfall than a tropical savanna climate or have less pronounced dry seasons A tropical monsoon climate tends to vary less in temperature during a year than does a tropical savanna climate This climate has a driest month which nearly always occurs at or soon after the winter solstice 1 Contents 1 Versions 2 Area 3 Factors 4 Countries and cities 4 1 Select charts 5 See also 6 ReferencesVersions EditThere are generally two versions of a tropical monsoon climate Less pronounced dry seasons Regions with this variation of the tropical monsoon climate typically see copious amounts of rain during the wet season s usually in the form of frequent thunderstorms Unlike most tropical savanna climates a sizeable amount of precipitation also falls during the dry season s In essence this version of the tropical monsoon climate generally has less pronounced dry seasons than tropical savanna climates Extraordinarily rainy wet seasons and pronounced dry seasons This variation features pronounced dry seasons similar in length and character to dry seasons observed in tropical savanna climates This is followed by a sustained period or sustained periods of extraordinary rainfall In some instances up to and sometimes in excess of 1 000 mm of precipitation is observed per month for two or more consecutive months Tropical savanna climates generally do not see this level of sustained rainfall Area Edit Magdalena River at Honda Colombia Tropical monsoon are most commonly found in Africa West and Central Africa Asia South and Southeast Asia central of South America and Central America This climate also occurs in sections of the Caribbean North America and northern Australia Factors EditThe major controlling factor over a tropical monsoon climate is its relationship to the monsoon circulation The monsoon is a seasonal change in wind direction In Asia during the summer or high sun season there is an onshore flow of air air moving from ocean toward land In the winter or low sun season an offshore air flow air moving from land toward water is prevalent The change in direction is due to the difference in the way water and land heat Changing pressure patterns that affect the seasonality of precipitation also occur in Africa though it generally differs from the way it operates in Asia During the high sun season the Intertropical convergence zone ITCZ induces rain During the low sun season the subtropical high creates dry conditions The monsoon climates of Africa and the Americas for that matter are typically located along tradewind coasts Countries and cities EditAsia Alor Setar Kedah Malaysia Batticaloa Sri Lanka Calamba Philippines Ca Mau Vietnam Chittagong Bangladesh Da Nang Vietnam Hat Yai Thailand Jakarta Indonesia Kochi Kerala India Male Maldives Mangalore India Manila Philippines Narathiwat Thailand Pattani Thailand Quezon City Philippines Semarang Indonesia Sihanoukville Cambodia Sylhet Bangladesh Taitung Taiwan Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India Yangon Myanmar Yogyakarta Indonesia Oceania Cairns Queensland Australia Port Moresby Papua New GuineaAfrica Bata Equatorial Guinea Conakry Guinea Douala Cameroon Freetown Sierra Leone Monrovia Liberia Port Harcourt NigeriaThe Americas Macapa Amapa Brazil Barrancabermeja Colombia Miami Florida United States Port of Spain Trinidad and Tobago San Juan Puerto Rico Santo Domingo Dominican Republic Villahermosa Mexico Villavicencio Colombia Select charts Edit ChittagongClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 5 27 15 28 30 19 64 35 24 150 39 26 264 35 24 533 34 25 597 38 26 518 33 24 320 33 24 180 32 23 56 32 17 15 24 14Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource BBC 2 Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 0 2 81 59 1 1 86 66 2 5 95 75 5 9 102 79 10 95 75 21 93 77 24 100 79 20 91 75 13 91 75 7 1 90 73 2 2 90 63 0 6 75 57Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inchesConakryClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 1 32 19 1 33 20 3 33 21 22 34 22 137 33 21 396 32 20 1130 30 20 1104 30 21 617 31 21 295 31 20 70 32 21 8 32 20Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource HK 3 Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 0 90 66 0 92 68 0 1 92 70 0 9 92 72 5 4 92 69 16 89 68 44 86 69 43 86 69 24 87 69 12 88 69 2 8 90 70 0 3 90 68Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inchesMiamiClimate chart explanation J F M A M J J A S O N D 51 24 15 53 25 16 61 26 18 72 28 20 158 30 22 237 31 24 145 32 25 193 32 25 194 31 24 143 29 22 68 27 19 47 25 16Average max and min temperatures in CPrecipitation totals in mmSource WMO 4 Imperial conversionJFMAMJJASOND 2 75 59 2 1 76 60 2 4 79 64 2 9 82 68 6 2 85 72 9 3 88 75 5 7 89 76 7 6 89 77 7 6 88 76 5 6 85 72 2 7 80 67 1 8 77 62Average max and min temperatures in FPrecipitation totals in inches See also Edit Tropical climate Tropical rainforest climate Tropical savanna climate Koppen climate classificationReferences Edit a b c McKnight Tom L Hess Darrel 2000 Climate Zones and Types Physical Geography A Landscape Appreciation Upper Saddle River New Jersey Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0 13 020263 5 Average Conditions Chittagong Bangladesh BBC Weather Archived from the original on 11 March 2006 Retrieved 25 June 2018 Climatological Normals of Conakry Hong Kong Observatory Retrieved 2014 02 12 Weather Information for Miami Florida World Meteorological Organization Retrieved 25 June 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tropical monsoon climate amp oldid 1135638938, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
