A cabeza de barangay (literally "head of [the] barangay), also known as teniente del barrio, was the leader or chief of a barangay or barrio in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.[1] The post was inherited from the first datus who became cabezas de barangay when the many independent barangays became tributary vassals of the Spanish Empire. King Philip II of Spain, after whom the Philippines were named, decreed that the native nobility of the country should retain the honors and privileges they had before their conversion and subjection to the Spanish Crown.[a]
Under the form of government employed by the Kingdom of Spain, several existing neighboring barangays were combined to form a municipality and the cabezas de barangay participated in the governance of the new towns, forming part of the elite ruling class called the principalía. From among their ranks the head of the town, the gobernadorcillo or capitan municipal, were elected. Furthermore, only the members of their class could elect the gobernadorcillo.[4]: 182–183 [5]: 294 [6]: 326
The office of the cabeza de barangay was hereditary. The cabecería, i.e., headship of the barangays, was a more ancient institution of native nobilities that pre-dates the Spanish conquest and was doubtless hereditary. The increase of population during the Spanish regime consequently needed the creation of further cabecerías and election of new cabezas. The emergence of the mestizo culture (both Spanish mestizos and Chinese mestizos) had also necessitated this and even the subsequent creation of separate institutions or offices of gobernadorcillos for the different mestizo groups and for the natives living in the same territories or cities with large population.[6]: 324–326 When the office of the cabeza de barangay fell vacant due to the lack of an heir or the resignation of the incumbent, a substitute was appointed by the superintendent if the barangay was near the capital of the province. In distant areas, the appointment was done by the respective delegate, based on the recommendation of the gobernadorcillo and other cabezas.[6]: 324–326 The cabezas, their wives, and first-born sons were exempt from the payment of tribute to the Spanish Crown.[6]: 324–326
With the change of government (from monarchy to democracy) when the Americans took over the rule of the Philippines, the post became elective and anyone could become the head of the barangay, which came to be called a "barrio". The former cabezas de barangay and the rest of the members of the principalía and their descendants lost their traditional privileges and powers,[7]: p. 410 but they remained as very influential elements in the political and economic life of a new democratic society.
Under the democratic rule, the head of the smallest unit of the Filipino society was no longer called cabeza de barangay. Furthermore, the barrio captains (or capitán del barrio as these local leaders were then called), though exercising the same leadership function, no longer retained the aristocratic quality that was associated with this office during the pre-conquest and the colonial periods. Nor since the American rule has the office of the chief of the barangay been exclusive to the families belonging to the principalía, and is no longer hereditary.
From the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos onwards, the term "barangay" was re-adopted, but the Spanish title "cabeza de barangay" is not used. Instead, the term "barangay captain" in English, or punong barangay in Tagalog became the official designation to this leadership role.
^In a law signed on June 11, 1594, Philip II ordered that the honor and privilege to rule pertaining to this native Filipino nobles should be retained and protected. He also ordered the Spanish governors in the islands to show these native nobles good treatment, and even ordered the natives to pay respect and tribute due to these nobles as they did before the conquest without prejudice to the things that pertain to King himself or to the encomenderos.[α][2]: título vii, ley xvi Also v.[3]: 155–156
^The royal decree says: "It is not right that the Indian chiefs of Filipinas be in a worse condition after conversion; rather they should have such treatment that would gain their affection and keep them loyal, so that with the spiritual blessings that God has communicated to them by calling them to His true knowledge, the temporal blessings may be added, and they may live contentedly and comfortably. Therefore, we order the governors of those islands to show them good treatment and entrust them, in our name, with the government of the Indians, of whom they were formerly lords. In all else the governors shall see that the chiefs are benefited justly, and the Indians shall pay them something as a recognition, as they did during the period of their paganism, provided it be without prejudice to the tributes that are to be paid us, or prejudicial to that which pertains to their encomenderos." Felipe II.
References
^Scott, William Henry. Barangay Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1994.
^de León Pinelo, Antonio Rodríguez & de Solórzano Pereira, Juan [in Spanish], eds. (1680). Recopilación de Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias(pdf) (in Spanish). Vol. Libro Sexto. Títulos: i De los Indios. ii De la libertad de los Indios. iii De las Reducciones, y Pueblos de Indios. iv De las caxas de censos, y bienes de Comunidad, y su administracion. v De los tributos, y tassas de los Indios. vi De los Protectores de Indios. vii De los Caciques. viii De los repastimientos, encomiendas, y pensiones de Indios, y calidades de los titulos. ix De los Encomenderos de Indios. x De el buen tratamiento de los Indios. xi De la sucession de encomiendas, entretenimientos, y ayudas de costa. xii Del servicio personal. xiii Del servicio en chacras, viñas, olivares, obrajes, ingenios, perlas, tambos, requas, carreterias, casas, ganados, y bogas. xiv Del servicio en coca, y añir. xv Del servicio en minas. xvi De los Indios de Chile. xvii De los Indios de Tucuman, Paraguay, y Rio de la Plata. xviii De los Sangleyes. xix De las confirmaciones de encomiendas, pensiones, rentas, y situaciones.
^Blair, Emma Helen & Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1904). The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898. Vol. 16 of 55 (1609). Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne; additional translations by Alfonso de Salvio; Norman F. Hall. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company. ISBN978-1426484568. OCLC 769945707. Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century.
^de la COSTA SJ, Horacio (1965). Readings in Philippine history : selected historical texts presented with a commentary. Manila: Bookmark Inc. ISBN9715690459. OCLC 248085925. 351 p., [6] leaves of plates : ill., ports. ; 26 cm.
^Zaide, Gregorio F (1957). Philippine Political and Cultural History Vol I. Philippine Education Company. ASIN B008Q24O10.
^ abcdBlair, Emma Helen & Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1904). The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898. Vol. 17 of 55 (1609–1616). Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne; additional translations by Henry B. Lathrop. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company. ISBN978-1426486869. OCLC 769945708. Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century.
cabeza, barangay, also, barangay, captain, cabeza, barangay, literally, head, barangay, also, known, teniente, barrio, leader, chief, barangay, barrio, philippines, during, spanish, colonial, period, post, inherited, from, first, datus, became, cabezas, barang. See also Barangay captain A cabeza de barangay literally head of the barangay also known as teniente del barrio was the leader or chief of a barangay or barrio in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period 1 The post was inherited from the first datus who became cabezas de barangay when the many independent barangays became tributary vassals of the Spanish Empire King Philip II of Spain after whom the Philippines were named decreed that the native nobility of the country should retain the honors and privileges they had before their conversion and subjection to the Spanish Crown a Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 Notes 4 ReferencesHistory EditUnder the form of government employed by the Kingdom of Spain several existing neighboring barangays were combined to form a municipality and the cabezas de barangay participated in the governance of the new towns forming part of the elite ruling class called the principalia From among their ranks the head of the town the gobernadorcillo or capitan municipal were elected Furthermore only the members of their class could elect the gobernadorcillo 4 182 183 5 294 6 326 The office of the cabeza de barangay was hereditary The cabeceria i e headship of the barangays was a more ancient institution of native nobilities that pre dates the Spanish conquest and was doubtless hereditary The increase of population during the Spanish regime consequently needed the creation of further cabecerias and election of new cabezas The emergence of the mestizo culture both Spanish mestizos and Chinese mestizos had also necessitated this and even the subsequent creation of separate institutions or offices of gobernadorcillos for the different mestizo groups and for the natives living in the same territories or cities with large population 6 324 326 When the office of the cabeza de barangay fell vacant due to the lack of an heir or the resignation of the incumbent a substitute was appointed by the superintendent if the barangay was near the capital of the province In distant areas the appointment was done by the respective delegate based on the recommendation of the gobernadorcillo and other cabezas 6 324 326 The cabezas their wives and first born sons were exempt from the payment of tribute to the Spanish Crown 6 324 326 With the change of government from monarchy to democracy when the Americans took over the rule of the Philippines the post became elective and anyone could become the head of the barangay which came to be called a barrio The former cabezas de barangay and the rest of the members of the principalia and their descendants lost their traditional privileges and powers 7 p 410 but they remained as very influential elements in the political and economic life of a new democratic society Under the democratic rule the head of the smallest unit of the Filipino society was no longer called cabeza de barangay Furthermore the barrio captains or capitan del barrio as these local leaders were then called though exercising the same leadership function no longer retained the aristocratic quality that was associated with this office during the pre conquest and the colonial periods Nor since the American rule has the office of the chief of the barangay been exclusive to the families belonging to the principalia and is no longer hereditary From the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos onwards the term barangay was re adopted but the Spanish title cabeza de barangay is not used Instead the term barangay captain in English or punong barangay in Tagalog became the official designation to this leadership role See also EditFilipino styles and honorifics GobernadorcilloNotes Edit In a law signed on June 11 1594 Philip II ordered that the honor and privilege to rule pertaining to this native Filipino nobles should be retained and protected He also ordered the Spanish governors in the islands to show these native nobles good treatment and even ordered the natives to pay respect and tribute due to these nobles as they did before the conquest without prejudice to the things that pertain to King himself or to the encomenderos a 2 titulo vii ley xvi Also v 3 155 156 The royal decree says It is not right that the Indian chiefs of Filipinas be in a worse condition after conversion rather they should have such treatment that would gain their affection and keep them loyal so that with the spiritual blessings that God has communicated to them by calling them to His true knowledge the temporal blessings may be added and they may live contentedly and comfortably Therefore we order the governors of those islands to show them good treatment and entrust them in our name with the government of the Indians of whom they were formerly lords In all else the governors shall see that the chiefs are benefited justly and the Indians shall pay them something as a recognition as they did during the period of their paganism provided it be without prejudice to the tributes that are to be paid us or prejudicial to that which pertains to their encomenderos Felipe II References Edit Scott William Henry Barangay Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society Quezon City Ateneo de Manila University Press 1994 de Leon Pinelo Antonio Rodriguez amp de Solorzano Pereira Juan in Spanish eds 1680 Recopilacion de Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias pdf in Spanish Vol Libro Sexto Titulos i De los Indios ii De la libertad de los Indios iii De las Reducciones y Pueblos de Indios iv De las caxas de censos y bienes de Comunidad y su administracion v De los tributos y tassas de los Indios vi De los Protectores de Indios vii De los Caciques viii De los repastimientos encomiendas y pensiones de Indios y calidades de los titulos ix De los Encomenderos de Indios x De el buen tratamiento de los Indios xi De la sucession de encomiendas entretenimientos y ayudas de costa xii Del servicio personal xiii Del servicio en chacras vinas olivares obrajes ingenios perlas tambos requas carreterias casas ganados y bogas xiv Del servicio en coca y anir xv Del servicio en minas xvi De los Indios de Chile xvii De los Indios de Tucuman Paraguay y Rio de la Plata xviii De los Sangleyes xix De las confirmaciones de encomiendas pensiones rentas y situaciones Blair Emma Helen amp Robertson James Alexander eds 1904 The Philippine Islands 1493 1898 Vol 16 of 55 1609 Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne additional translations by Alfonso de Salvio Norman F Hall Cleveland Ohio Arthur H Clark Company ISBN 978 1426484568 OCLC 769945707 Explorations by early navigators descriptions of the islands and their peoples their history and records of the catholic missions as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts showing the political economic commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century de la COSTA SJ Horacio 1965 Readings in Philippine history selected historical texts presented with a commentary Manila Bookmark Inc ISBN 9715690459 OCLC 248085925 351 p 6 leaves of plates ill ports 26 cm Zaide Gregorio F 1957 Philippine Political and Cultural History Vol I Philippine Education Company ASIN B008Q24O10 a b c d Blair Emma Helen amp Robertson James Alexander eds 1904 The Philippine Islands 1493 1898 Vol 17 of 55 1609 1616 Historical introduction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne additional translations by Henry B Lathrop Cleveland Ohio Arthur H Clark Company ISBN 978 1426486869 OCLC 769945708 Explorations by early navigators descriptions of the islands and their peoples their history and records of the catholic missions as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts showing the political economic commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century Principalia Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo Americana Vol XLVII Madrid Espasa Calpe S A 1921 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cabeza de barangay amp oldid 1142781170, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
