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Seabed Arms Control Treaty

May 02, 2024

The Seabed Arms Control Treaty (or Seabed Treaty, formally the Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof) is a multilateral agreement between the United States, Soviet Union (now Russia), United Kingdom, and 91 other countries[1] banning the emplacement of nuclear weapons or "weapons of mass destruction" on the ocean floor beyond a 12-mile (22.2 km) coastal zone. It allows signatories to observe all seabed "activities" of any other signatory beyond the 12-mile zone to ensure compliance.

Seabed Arms Control Treaty
Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof
Ratifications and signatories of the treaty
  Parties
  Signatories
  Non-parties
Signed11 February 1971
Effective18 May 1972
Condition22 ratifications (including depositary states)
Signatories84
Parties94[1] (as of May 2014)
DepositaryGovernments of the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
LanguagesEnglish, French, Russian, Spanish and Chinese
Full text
Seabed Arms Control Treaty at Wikisource

Like the Antarctic Treaty, the Outer Space Treaty, and the Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone treaties, the Seabed Arms Control Treaty sought to prevent the introduction of international conflict and nuclear weapons into an area hitherto free of them. Reaching agreement on the seabed, however, involved problems that were not met in framing the other two agreements.

History edit

In the 1960s, advances in the technology of oceanography and greatly increased interest in the vast and virtually untapped resources of the ocean floor led to concern that the absence of clearly established rules of law might lead to strife. There were concurrent fears that nations might use the seabed as a new environment for military installations, including those capable of launching nuclear weapons.

In keeping with a proposal submitted to the U.N. Secretary General by Ambassador Pardo of Malta in August 1967, the U.N. General Assembly, on 18 December 1967, established an ad hoc committee to study ways of reserving the seabed for peaceful purposes, with the objective of ensuring "that the exploration and use of the seabed and the ocean floor should be conducted in accordance with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations, in the interests of maintaining international peace and security and for the benefit of all mankind." The committee was given permanent status the following year. At the same time, seabed-related military and arms control issues were referred to the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament (ENDC) and its successor, the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (CCD). In a message of 18 March 1969, President Nixon said the American delegation to the ENDC should seek discussion of the factors necessary for an international agreement prohibiting the emplacement of weapons of mass destruction on the seabed and ocean floor and pointed out that an agreement of this kind would, like the Antarctic and Outer Space treaties, "prevent an arms race before it has a chance to start."

Status edit

List of parties edit

The Seabed Arms Control Treaty was opened for signature in Washington, London, and Moscow on 11 February 1971.[2] It entered into force 18 May 1972, when the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and more than 22 nations had deposited instruments of ratification. As of October 2018, 94 current states are parties to the treaty, while another 21 have signed the treaty but have not completed ratification.[1]

Multiple dates indicate the different days in which states submitted their signature or deposition, which varied by location. This location is noted by: (L) for London, (M) for Moscow, and (W) for Washington.

State[1][3][4][5] Signed Deposited Method
  Afghanistan Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Apr 22, 1971 (M)
Apr 23, 1971 (L)
May 21, 1971 (W) 		Ratification
  Algeria Jan 27, 1992 (W) Accession
  Antigua and Barbuda Nov 16, 1988 (W)
Dec 26, 1988 (M)
Jan 26, 1989 (L) 		Succession from   United Kingdom
  Argentina Sep 3, 1971 (L, M, W) Mar 21, 1983 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Australia Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Jan 23, 1973 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Austria Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Aug 10, 1972 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Bahamas Jun 7, 1989 (W) Accession
  Belarus Mar 3, 1971 (M) Sep 14, 1971 (M) Ratified as the   Byelorussian SSR
  Belgium Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Nov 20, 1972 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Benin Mar 18, 1971 (W) Jun 19, 1986 (M)
Jul 2, 1986 (L)
Jul 7, 1986 (W) 		Ratification
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Aug 15, 1994 (W) Succession from   SFR Yugoslavia
  Botswana Feb 11, 1971 (W) Nov 10, 1972 (W) Ratification
  Brazil Sep 3, 1971 (L, M, W) May 10, 1988 (L, W)
Aug 4, 1988 (M) 		Ratification
  Bulgaria Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Apr 16, 1971 (M)
May 7, 1971 (W)
May 26, 1971 (L) 		Ratification
  Canada Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) May 17, 1972 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Cape Verde Oct 24, 1979 (M) Accession
  Central African Republic Feb 11, 1971 (W) Jul 9, 1981 (W) Ratification
  China Feb 28, 1991 (L, M, W) Accession
  Congo Oct 23, 1978 (W) Accession
  Côte d'Ivoire Jan 14, 1972 (M, W) Accession
  Cuba Jun 3, 1977 (M) Accession
  Cyprus Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Nov 17, 1971 (L, M)
Dec 30, 1971 (W) 		Ratification
  Czech Republic Jan 1, 1993 (W)
Apr 5, 1993 (L)
Apr 9, 1993 (M) 		Succession from   Czechoslovakia
  Denmark Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Jun 15, 1971 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Dominican Republic Feb 11, 1971 (W) Feb 11, 1972 (W) Ratification
  Ethiopia Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Jul 12, 1977 (L)
Jul 14, 1977 (M, W) 		Ratification
  Finland Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Jun 8, 1971 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Germany Jun 8, 1971 (L, M, W) Nov 18, 1975 (L, W) Ratification
  Ghana Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Aug 9, 1972 (W) Ratification
  Greece Feb 11, 1971 (M)
Feb 12, 1971 (W) 		May 28, 1985 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Guatemala Feb 11, 1971 (W) Apr 1, 1996 (W) Ratification
  Guinea-Bissau Aug 20, 1976 (M) Accession
  Hungary Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Aug 13, 1971 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Iceland Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) May 30, 1972 (L, M, W) Ratification
  India Jul 20, 1973 (L, M, W) Accession
  Iran Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Aug 26, 1971 (L, W)
Sep 6, 1971 (M) 		Ratification
  Iraq Feb 22, 1971 (M) Sep 13, 1972 (M) Ratification
  Ireland Feb 11, 1971 (L, W) Aug 19, 1971 (L, W) Ratification
  Italy Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Sep 3, 1974 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Jamaica Oct 11, 1971 (L, W)
Oct 14, 1971 (M) 		Jul 30, 1986 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Japan Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Jun 21, 1971 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Jordan Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Aug 17, 1971 (W)
Aug 30, 1971 (M)
Nov 1, 1971 (L) 		Ratification
  South Korea Feb 11, 1971 (L, W) Jun 25, 1987 (L, W) Ratification
  Laos Feb 11, 1971 (L, W)
Feb 15, 1971 (M) 		Oct 19, 1971 (L)
Oct 22, 1971 (M)
Nov 3, 1971 (W) 		Ratification
  Latvia Jun 24, 1992 (L)
Aug 3, 1992 (W)
Aug 21, 1992 (M) 		Accession
  Lesotho Sep 8, 1971 (W) Apr 3, 1973 (W) Ratification
  Libya Jul 6, 1990 (M) Accession
  Liechtenstein May 30, 1991 (L, W)
May 31, 1991 (M) 		Accession
  Luxembourg Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Nov 11, 1982 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Malaysia May 20, 1971 (L, M, W) Jun 21, 1972 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Malta Feb 11, 1971 (L, W) May 4, 1971 (W) Ratification
  Mauritius Feb 11, 1971 (W) Apr 23, 1971 (W)
May 3, 1971 (L)
May 18, 1971 (M) 		Ratification
  Mexico Mar 23, 1984 (L, M, W) Accession
  Mongolia Feb 11, 1971 (L, M) Oct 8, 1971 (M)
Nov 15, 1981 (L) 		Ratification
  Montenegro Jun 3, 2006 (M)
Dec 12, 2006 (L) 		Succession from   FR Yugoslavia[a]
  Morocco Feb 11, 1971 (M, W)
Feb 18, 1971 (L) 		Jul 26, 1971 (L)
Aug 5, 1971 (W)
Jan 18, 1972 (M) 		Ratification
    Nepal Feb 11, 1971 (M, W)
Feb 24, 1971 (L) 		Jul 6, 1971 (L)
Jul 29, 1971 (M)
Aug 9, 1971 (W) 		Ratification
  Netherlands Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Jan 14, 1976 (L, M, W) Ratification
  New Zealand Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Feb 24, 1972 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Nicaragua Feb 11, 1971 (W) Feb 7, 1973 (W) Ratification
  Niger Feb 11, 1971 (W) Aug 9, 1971 (W) Ratification
  Norway Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Jun 28, 1971 (L, M)
Jun 29, 1971 (W) 		Ratification
  Panama Feb 11, 1971 (W) Mar 20, 1974 (W) Ratification
  Philippines Nov 5, 1993 (L) Accession
  Poland Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Nov 15, 1971 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Portugal Jun 24, 1975 (L, M, W) Accession
  Qatar Nov 12, 1974 (L) Accession
  Romania Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Jul 10, 1972 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Russia Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) May 18, 1972 (L, M, W) Ratified as the   Soviet Union
  Rwanda Feb 11, 1971 (W) May 20, 1975 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Saint Kitts and Nevis May 18, 1972 (W) Accession
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines May 13, 1999 (L) Succession from   United Kingdom
  Sao Tome and Principe Aug 24, 1979 (M) Accession
  Saudi Arabia Jan 7, 1972 (W) Jun 23, 1972 (W) Ratification
  Serbia Jun 3, 2006 (L, M) Succession from   FR Yugoslavia
  Seychelles Mar 12, 1985 (L)
Mar 14, 1985 (M)
Apr 8, 1985 (W) 		Accession
  Singapore May 5, 1971 (L, M, W) Sep 10, 1976 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Slovakia Jan 1, 1993 (W)
May 17, 1993 (L)
Jun 25, 1993 (M) 		Succession from   Czechoslovakia
  Slovenia Apr 7, 1992 (L)
Aug 20, 1992 (W) 		Succession from   SFR Yugoslavia
  Solomon Islands Jun 17, 1981 (L) Succession from   United Kingdom
  South Africa Feb 11, 1971 (W) Nov 14, 1973 (W)
Nov 26, 1973 (L)
Nov 30, 1973 (M) 		Ratification
  Spain Jul 15, 1987 (L, M, W) Accession
  Swaziland Feb 11, 1971 (W) Aug 9, 1971 (W) Ratification
  Sweden Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Apr 28, 1972 (L, M, W) Ratification
   Switzerland Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) May 4, 1976 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Togo Apr 2, 1971 (W) Jun 28, 1971 (W) Ratification
  Tunisia Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) Oct 22, 1971 (M)
Oct 28, 1971 (L)
Oct 29, 1971 (W) 		Ratification
  Turkey Feb 25, 1971 (L, M, W) Oct 19, 1972 (W)
Oct 25, 1972 (L)
Oct 30, 1972 (M) 		Ratification
  Ukraine Mar 3, 1971 (M) Sep 3, 1971 (M) Ratified as the   Ukrainian SSR
  United Kingdom Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) May 18, 1972 (L, M, W) Ratification
  United States Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W) May 18, 1972 (L, M, W) Ratification
  Vietnam Jun 20, 1980 (M) Accession as the   Socialist Republic of Vietnam[b]
  Yemen Feb 23, 1971 (M) Jun 1, 1979 (M) Ratification
  Zambia Oct 9, 1972 (L)
Nov 1, 1972 (W)
Nov 2, 1972 (M) 		Accession
Notes
  1. ^ Montenegro's effective date of succession was 3 June 2006.[6]
  2. ^ Signed by the   Republic of Vietnam on 11 February 1971, but following the victory by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the Vietnam War, the reunified Socialist Republic of Vietnam renounced all treaty actions performed by the Republic of Vietnam.[7]

State with limited recognition, abiding by treaty edit

The Republic of China (Taiwan), which is currently only recognized by 11 UN member states, deposited their instruments of ratification of the treaty prior to the United States' decision to switch their recognition of the sole legitimate government of China from the Republic of China (ROC) to the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1971. When the PRC subsequently ratified the treaty, they described the ROC's ratification as "illegal". The ROC has committed itself to continue to adhere to the requirements of the treaty, and the United States has declared that they still consider them to be "bound by its obligations".[8]

State Signed Deposited Method
  Republic of China Feb 11, 1971 Feb 22, 1972 Ratification

States that have signed but not ratified edit

State Signed
  Bolivia Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W)
  Burundi Feb 11, 1971 (M, W)
  Cambodia Feb 11, 1971 (W)
  Cameroon Nov 11, 1971 (M)
  Colombia Feb 11, 1971 (W)
  Costa Rica Feb 11, 1971 (W)
  Equatorial Guinea Jun 4, 1971 (W)
  Gambia May 18, 1971 (L)
May 21, 1971 (M)
Oct 29, 1971 (W)
  Guinea Feb 11, 1971 (M, W)
  Honduras Feb 11, 1971 (W)
  Lebanon Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W)
  Liberia Feb 11, 1971 (W)
  Madagascar Sep 14, 1971 (W)
  Mali Feb 11, 1971 (W)
Feb 15, 1971 (M)
  Myanmar Feb 11, 1971 (L, M, W)
  Paraguay Feb 23, 1971 (W)
  Senegal Mar 17, 1971 (W)
  Sierra Leone Feb 11, 1971 (L)
Feb 12, 1971 (M)
Feb 24, 1971 (W)
  Sudan Feb 11, 1971 (L)
Feb 12, 1971 (M)
  Tanzania Feb 11, 1971 (W)
  Uruguay Feb 11, 1971 (W)

Non-signatory states edit

The remaining UN member states and UN observer states, which have not signed the treaty, are:

See also edit

References edit

  This article incorporates public domain material from Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof. United States Department of State.

  1. ^ a b c d "Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  2. ^ Milutin Tomanović, ed. (1972). Hronika međunarodnih događaja 1971 [The Chronicle of International Events in 1971] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: Institute of International Politics and Economics. p. 2615.
  3. ^ "TREATY ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE EMPLACEMENT OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND OTHER WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION ON THE SEA-BED AND THE OCEAN FLOOR AND IN THE SUBSOIL THEREOF". Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
    "Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof (London Version)". Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  4. ^ "Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof". United States Department of State. 6 October 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  5. ^ "Договор о запрещении размещения на дне морей и океанов и в его недрах ядерного оружия и других видов оружия массового уничтожения" (in Russian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. 26 June 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  6. ^ "Montenegro: Succession to Sea-Bed Treaty". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  7. ^ "Viet Nam: Accession to Sea-Bed Treaty". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  8. ^ "China: Accession to Sea-Bed Treaty". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Retrieved 16 February 2015.

External links edit

 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Seabed Arms Control Treaty

May 02, 2024
seabed, arms, control, treaty, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, february, 2011, learn, when, remove, this, mess. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2011 Learn how and when to remove this message The Seabed Arms Control Treaty or Seabed Treaty formally the Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil thereof is a multilateral agreement between the United States Soviet Union now Russia United Kingdom and 91 other countries 1 banning the emplacement of nuclear weapons or weapons of mass destruction on the ocean floor beyond a 12 mile 22 2 km coastal zone It allows signatories to observe all seabed activities of any other signatory beyond the 12 mile zone to ensure compliance Seabed Arms Control TreatyTreaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil ThereofRatifications and signatories of the treaty Parties Signatories Non partiesSigned11 February 1971Effective18 May 1972Condition22 ratifications including depositary states Signatories84Parties94 1 as of May 2014 DepositaryGovernments of the United States of America the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsLanguagesEnglish French Russian Spanish and ChineseFull textSeabed Arms Control Treaty at Wikisource Like the Antarctic Treaty the Outer Space Treaty and the Nuclear Weapon Free Zone treaties the Seabed Arms Control Treaty sought to prevent the introduction of international conflict and nuclear weapons into an area hitherto free of them Reaching agreement on the seabed however involved problems that were not met in framing the other two agreements Contents 1 History 2 Status 2 1 List of parties 2 2 State with limited recognition abiding by treaty 2 3 States that have signed but not ratified 2 4 Non signatory states 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory editIn the 1960s advances in the technology of oceanography and greatly increased interest in the vast and virtually untapped resources of the ocean floor led to concern that the absence of clearly established rules of law might lead to strife There were concurrent fears that nations might use the seabed as a new environment for military installations including those capable of launching nuclear weapons In keeping with a proposal submitted to the U N Secretary General by Ambassador Pardo of Malta in August 1967 the U N General Assembly on 18 December 1967 established an ad hoc committee to study ways of reserving the seabed for peaceful purposes with the objective of ensuring that the exploration and use of the seabed and the ocean floor should be conducted in accordance with the principles and purposes of the Charter of the United Nations in the interests of maintaining international peace and security and for the benefit of all mankind The committee was given permanent status the following year At the same time seabed related military and arms control issues were referred to the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament ENDC and its successor the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament CCD In a message of 18 March 1969 President Nixon said the American delegation to the ENDC should seek discussion of the factors necessary for an international agreement prohibiting the emplacement of weapons of mass destruction on the seabed and ocean floor and pointed out that an agreement of this kind would like the Antarctic and Outer Space treaties prevent an arms race before it has a chance to start Status editList of parties edit The Seabed Arms Control Treaty was opened for signature in Washington London and Moscow on 11 February 1971 2 It entered into force 18 May 1972 when the United States the United Kingdom the Soviet Union and more than 22 nations had deposited instruments of ratification As of October 2018 94 current states are parties to the treaty while another 21 have signed the treaty but have not completed ratification 1 Multiple dates indicate the different days in which states submitted their signature or deposition which varied by location This location is noted by L for London M for Moscow and W for Washington State 1 3 4 5 Signed Deposited Method nbsp Afghanistan Feb 11 1971 L M W Apr 22 1971 M Apr 23 1971 L May 21 1971 W Ratification nbsp Algeria Jan 27 1992 W Accession nbsp Antigua and Barbuda Nov 16 1988 W Dec 26 1988 M Jan 26 1989 L Succession from nbsp United Kingdom nbsp Argentina Sep 3 1971 L M W Mar 21 1983 L M W Ratification nbsp Australia Feb 11 1971 L M W Jan 23 1973 L M W Ratification nbsp Austria Feb 11 1971 L M W Aug 10 1972 L M W Ratification nbsp Bahamas Jun 7 1989 W Accession nbsp Belarus Mar 3 1971 M Sep 14 1971 M Ratified as the nbsp Byelorussian SSR nbsp Belgium Feb 11 1971 L M W Nov 20 1972 L M W Ratification nbsp Benin Mar 18 1971 W Jun 19 1986 M Jul 2 1986 L Jul 7 1986 W Ratification nbsp Bosnia and Herzegovina Aug 15 1994 W Succession from nbsp SFR Yugoslavia nbsp Botswana Feb 11 1971 W Nov 10 1972 W Ratification nbsp Brazil Sep 3 1971 L M W May 10 1988 L W Aug 4 1988 M Ratification nbsp Bulgaria Feb 11 1971 L M W Apr 16 1971 M May 7 1971 W May 26 1971 L Ratification nbsp Canada Feb 11 1971 L M W May 17 1972 L M W Ratification nbsp Cape Verde Oct 24 1979 M Accession nbsp Central African Republic Feb 11 1971 W Jul 9 1981 W Ratification nbsp China Feb 28 1991 L M W Accession nbsp Congo Oct 23 1978 W Accession nbsp Cote d Ivoire Jan 14 1972 M W Accession nbsp Cuba Jun 3 1977 M Accession nbsp Cyprus Feb 11 1971 L M W Nov 17 1971 L M Dec 30 1971 W Ratification nbsp Czech Republic Jan 1 1993 W Apr 5 1993 L Apr 9 1993 M Succession from nbsp Czechoslovakia nbsp Denmark Feb 11 1971 L M W Jun 15 1971 L M W Ratification nbsp Dominican Republic Feb 11 1971 W Feb 11 1972 W Ratification nbsp Ethiopia Feb 11 1971 L M W Jul 12 1977 L Jul 14 1977 M W Ratification nbsp Finland Feb 11 1971 L M W Jun 8 1971 L M W Ratification nbsp Germany Jun 8 1971 L M W Nov 18 1975 L W Ratification nbsp Ghana Feb 11 1971 L M W Aug 9 1972 W Ratification nbsp Greece Feb 11 1971 M Feb 12 1971 W May 28 1985 L M W Ratification nbsp Guatemala Feb 11 1971 W Apr 1 1996 W Ratification nbsp Guinea Bissau Aug 20 1976 M Accession nbsp Hungary Feb 11 1971 L M W Aug 13 1971 L M W Ratification nbsp Iceland Feb 11 1971 L M W May 30 1972 L M W Ratification nbsp India Jul 20 1973 L M W Accession nbsp Iran Feb 11 1971 L M W Aug 26 1971 L W Sep 6 1971 M Ratification nbsp Iraq Feb 22 1971 M Sep 13 1972 M Ratification nbsp Ireland Feb 11 1971 L W Aug 19 1971 L W Ratification nbsp Italy Feb 11 1971 L M W Sep 3 1974 L M W Ratification nbsp Jamaica Oct 11 1971 L W Oct 14 1971 M Jul 30 1986 L M W Ratification nbsp Japan Feb 11 1971 L M W Jun 21 1971 L M W Ratification nbsp Jordan Feb 11 1971 L M W Aug 17 1971 W Aug 30 1971 M Nov 1 1971 L Ratification nbsp South Korea Feb 11 1971 L W Jun 25 1987 L W Ratification nbsp Laos Feb 11 1971 L W Feb 15 1971 M Oct 19 1971 L Oct 22 1971 M Nov 3 1971 W Ratification nbsp Latvia Jun 24 1992 L Aug 3 1992 W Aug 21 1992 M Accession nbsp Lesotho Sep 8 1971 W Apr 3 1973 W Ratification nbsp Libya Jul 6 1990 M Accession nbsp Liechtenstein May 30 1991 L W May 31 1991 M Accession nbsp Luxembourg Feb 11 1971 L M W Nov 11 1982 L M W Ratification nbsp Malaysia May 20 1971 L M W Jun 21 1972 L M W Ratification nbsp Malta Feb 11 1971 L W May 4 1971 W Ratification nbsp Mauritius Feb 11 1971 W Apr 23 1971 W May 3 1971 L May 18 1971 M Ratification nbsp Mexico Mar 23 1984 L M W Accession nbsp Mongolia Feb 11 1971 L M Oct 8 1971 M Nov 15 1981 L Ratification nbsp Montenegro Jun 3 2006 M Dec 12 2006 L Succession from nbsp FR Yugoslavia a nbsp Morocco Feb 11 1971 M W Feb 18 1971 L Jul 26 1971 L Aug 5 1971 W Jan 18 1972 M Ratification nbsp Nepal Feb 11 1971 M W Feb 24 1971 L Jul 6 1971 L Jul 29 1971 M Aug 9 1971 W Ratification nbsp Netherlands Feb 11 1971 L M W Jan 14 1976 L M W Ratification nbsp New Zealand Feb 11 1971 L M W Feb 24 1972 L M W Ratification nbsp Nicaragua Feb 11 1971 W Feb 7 1973 W Ratification nbsp Niger Feb 11 1971 W Aug 9 1971 W Ratification nbsp Norway Feb 11 1971 L M W Jun 28 1971 L M Jun 29 1971 W Ratification nbsp Panama Feb 11 1971 W Mar 20 1974 W Ratification nbsp Philippines Nov 5 1993 L Accession nbsp Poland Feb 11 1971 L M W Nov 15 1971 L M W Ratification nbsp Portugal Jun 24 1975 L M W Accession nbsp Qatar Nov 12 1974 L Accession nbsp Romania Feb 11 1971 L M W Jul 10 1972 L M W Ratification nbsp Russia Feb 11 1971 L M W May 18 1972 L M W Ratified as the nbsp Soviet Union nbsp Rwanda Feb 11 1971 W May 20 1975 L M W Ratification nbsp Saint Kitts and Nevis May 18 1972 W Accession nbsp Saint Vincent and the Grenadines May 13 1999 L Succession from nbsp United Kingdom nbsp Sao Tome and Principe Aug 24 1979 M Accession nbsp Saudi Arabia Jan 7 1972 W Jun 23 1972 W Ratification nbsp Serbia Jun 3 2006 L M Succession from nbsp FR Yugoslavia nbsp Seychelles Mar 12 1985 L Mar 14 1985 M Apr 8 1985 W Accession nbsp Singapore May 5 1971 L M W Sep 10 1976 L M W Ratification nbsp Slovakia Jan 1 1993 W May 17 1993 L Jun 25 1993 M Succession from nbsp Czechoslovakia nbsp Slovenia Apr 7 1992 L Aug 20 1992 W Succession from nbsp SFR Yugoslavia nbsp Solomon Islands Jun 17 1981 L Succession from nbsp United Kingdom nbsp South Africa Feb 11 1971 W Nov 14 1973 W Nov 26 1973 L Nov 30 1973 M Ratification nbsp Spain Jul 15 1987 L M W Accession nbsp Swaziland Feb 11 1971 W Aug 9 1971 W Ratification nbsp Sweden Feb 11 1971 L M W Apr 28 1972 L M W Ratification nbsp Switzerland Feb 11 1971 L M W May 4 1976 L M W Ratification nbsp Togo Apr 2 1971 W Jun 28 1971 W Ratification nbsp Tunisia Feb 11 1971 L M W Oct 22 1971 M Oct 28 1971 L Oct 29 1971 W Ratification nbsp Turkey Feb 25 1971 L M W Oct 19 1972 W Oct 25 1972 L Oct 30 1972 M Ratification nbsp Ukraine Mar 3 1971 M Sep 3 1971 M Ratified as the nbsp Ukrainian SSR nbsp United Kingdom Feb 11 1971 L M W May 18 1972 L M W Ratification nbsp United States Feb 11 1971 L M W May 18 1972 L M W Ratification nbsp Vietnam Jun 20 1980 M Accession as the nbsp Socialist Republic of Vietnam b nbsp Yemen Feb 23 1971 M Jun 1 1979 M Ratification nbsp Zambia Oct 9 1972 L Nov 1 1972 W Nov 2 1972 M Accession Notes Montenegro s effective date of succession was 3 June 2006 6 Signed by the nbsp Republic of Vietnam on 11 February 1971 but following the victory by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the Vietnam War the reunified Socialist Republic of Vietnam renounced all treaty actions performed by the Republic of Vietnam 7 State with limited recognition abiding by treaty edit The Republic of China Taiwan which is currently only recognized by 11 UN member states deposited their instruments of ratification of the treaty prior to the United States decision to switch their recognition of the sole legitimate government of China from the Republic of China ROC to the People s Republic of China PRC in 1971 When the PRC subsequently ratified the treaty they described the ROC s ratification as illegal The ROC has committed itself to continue to adhere to the requirements of the treaty and the United States has declared that they still consider them to be bound by its obligations 8 State Signed Deposited Method nbsp Republic of China Feb 11 1971 Feb 22 1972 Ratification States that have signed but not ratified edit State Signed nbsp Bolivia Feb 11 1971 L M W nbsp Burundi Feb 11 1971 M W nbsp Cambodia Feb 11 1971 W nbsp Cameroon Nov 11 1971 M nbsp Colombia Feb 11 1971 W nbsp Costa Rica Feb 11 1971 W nbsp Equatorial Guinea Jun 4 1971 W nbsp Gambia May 18 1971 L May 21 1971 M Oct 29 1971 W nbsp Guinea Feb 11 1971 M W nbsp Honduras Feb 11 1971 W nbsp Lebanon Feb 11 1971 L M W nbsp Liberia Feb 11 1971 W nbsp Madagascar Sep 14 1971 W nbsp Mali Feb 11 1971 W Feb 15 1971 M nbsp Myanmar Feb 11 1971 L M W nbsp Paraguay Feb 23 1971 W nbsp Senegal Mar 17 1971 W nbsp Sierra Leone Feb 11 1971 L Feb 12 1971 M Feb 24 1971 W nbsp Sudan Feb 11 1971 L Feb 12 1971 M nbsp Tanzania Feb 11 1971 W nbsp Uruguay Feb 11 1971 W Non signatory states edit The remaining UN member states and UN observer states which have not signed the treaty are nbsp Albania nbsp Andorra nbsp Angola nbsp Armenia nbsp Azerbaijan nbsp Bahrain nbsp Bangladesh nbsp Barbados nbsp Belize nbsp Bhutan nbsp Brunei nbsp Burkina Faso nbsp Chad nbsp Chile nbsp Comoros nbsp Democratic Republic of the Congo nbsp Croatia nbsp Djibouti nbsp Dominica nbsp Ecuador nbsp Egypt nbsp El Salvador nbsp Eritrea nbsp Estonia nbsp Fiji nbsp France nbsp Gabon nbsp Georgia nbsp Grenada nbsp Guyana nbsp Haiti nbsp Indonesia nbsp Israel nbsp Kazakhstan nbsp Kenya nbsp Kiribati nbsp North Korea nbsp Kuwait nbsp Kyrgyzstan nbsp Lithuania nbsp Malawi nbsp Maldives nbsp Marshall Islands nbsp Mauritania nbsp Micronesia nbsp Moldova nbsp Monaco nbsp Mozambique nbsp Namibia nbsp Nauru nbsp Nigeria nbsp North Macedonia nbsp Oman nbsp Pakistan nbsp Palau nbsp Papua New Guinea nbsp Peru nbsp Saint Lucia nbsp Samoa nbsp San Marino nbsp Somalia nbsp South Sudan nbsp Sri Lanka nbsp Suriname nbsp Syria nbsp Tajikistan nbsp Thailand nbsp Timor Leste nbsp Tonga nbsp Trinidad and Tobago nbsp Turkmenistan nbsp Tuvalu nbsp Uganda nbsp United Arab Emirates nbsp Uzbekistan nbsp Vanuatu nbsp Venezuela nbsp ZimbabweSee also editInternational Seabed Authority nbsp Nuclear technology portalReferences edit nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof United States Department of State a b c d Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs Retrieved 13 February 2015 Milutin Tomanovic ed 1972 Hronika međunarodnih događaja 1971 The Chronicle of International Events in 1971 in Serbo Croatian Belgrade Institute of International Politics and Economics p 2615 TREATY ON THE PROHIBITION OF THE EMPLACEMENT OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND OTHER WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION ON THE SEA BED AND THE OCEAN FLOOR AND IN THE SUBSOIL THEREOF Foreign and Commonwealth Office Archived from the original PDF on 4 January 2013 Retrieved 13 February 2015 Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof London Version Foreign and Commonwealth Office Retrieved 27 April 2019 Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof United States Department of State 6 October 2010 Retrieved 1 July 2019 Dogovor o zapreshenii razmesheniya na dne morej i okeanov i v ego nedrah yadernogo oruzhiya i drugih vidov oruzhiya massovogo unichtozheniya in Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia 26 June 2012 Retrieved 28 August 2015 Montenegro Succession to Sea Bed Treaty United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs Retrieved 10 August 2016 Viet Nam Accession to Sea Bed Treaty United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs Retrieved 16 February 2015 China Accession to Sea Bed Treaty United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs Retrieved 16 February 2015 External links edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Seabed Arms Control Treaty Text of the treaty Seabed Arms Control Treaty Federation of American Scientists Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof United States Department of State Signatories and ratifications list Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Seabed Arms Control Treaty amp oldid 1168946724, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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