More than 160 monuments and memorials to the Confederate States of America (CSA; the Confederacy) and associated figures have been removed from public spaces in the United States, all but five since 2015.[1] Some have been removed by state and local governments; others have been torn down by protestors.
Proponents of their removal cite historical analysis that the monuments were not built as memorials, but to intimidate African Americans and reaffirm white supremacy after the Civil War;[6][7][8][9] and that they memorialize an unrecognized, treasonous[10][11] government, the Confederacy, whose founding principle was the perpetuation and expansion of slavery. They also argue that the presence of these memorials more than a hundred years after the defeat of the Confederacy continues to disenfranchise and alienate African Americans.[12][13][14][15][16]
Opponents view removing the monuments as erasing history or a sign of disrespect for heritage; white nationalists and neo-Nazis in particular have mounted protests and opposition to the removals. Some Southern states passed state laws restricting or prohibiting the removal or alteration of public monuments.[17]
By The Washington Post's count, five Confederate monuments were removed between 1865 and 2014, eight in the two years after the 2015 Charleston church shooting, 48 in the three years after the 2017 Unite the Right rally, and 110 in the two years after Floyd's 2020 murder.[1]
In 2022, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said he would order the renaming of U.S. military bases named for Confederate generals, as well as other Defense Department property that honored Confederates.[18]
The campaign to remove monuments extended beyond the United States; numerous statues and other public works of art related to the transatlantic slave trade and European colonialism around the world have been removed or destroyed.
Most of the Confederate monuments on public land were built in periods of racial conflict, such as when Jim Crow laws were being introduced in the late 19th century and at the start of the 20th century or during the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.[note 2][note 3] These two periods also coincided with the 50th and 100th year after the end of the Civil War, including the American Civil War Centennial.[2] The peak in construction of Civil War monuments occurred between the late 1890s up to 1920, with a second smaller peak in the late-1950s to mid-1960s.[2]
Academic commentaryedit
In an August 2017 statement on the monuments controversy, the American Historical Association (AHA) said that to remove a monument "is not to erase history, but rather to alter or call attention to a previous interpretation of history." The AHA said that most monuments were erected "without anything resembling a democratic process", and recommended that it was "time to reconsider these decisions." Most Confederate monuments were erected during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century, and this undertaking was "part and parcel of the initiation of legally mandated segregation and widespread disenfranchisement across the South." Memorials to the Confederacy erected during this period "were intended, in part, to obscure the terrorism required to overthrow Reconstruction, and to intimidate African Americans politically and isolate them from the mainstream of public life." A later wave of monument building coincided with the civil rights movement, and according to the AHA "these symbols of white supremacy are still being invoked for similar purposes."[20]
Michael J. McAfee, curator of history at the West Point Museum, said, "There are no monuments that mention the name Benedict Arnold. What does this have to do with the Southern monuments honoring the political and military leaders of the Confederacy? They, like Arnold, were traitors. They turned their backs on their nation, their oaths, and the sacrifices of their ancestors in the War for Independence....They attempted to destroy their nation to defend chattel slavery and from a sense that as white men they were innately superior to all other races. They fought for white racial supremacy. That is why monuments glorifying them and their cause should be removed. Leave monuments marking their participation on the battlefields of the war, but tear down those that only commemorate the intolerance, violence, and hate that inspired their attempt to destroy the American nation."[21]
University of Chicago historian Jane Dailey wrote that in many cases the purpose of the monuments was not to celebrate the past but rather to promote a "white supremacist future".[22] Civil War historian Judith Giesberg, professor of history at Villanova University agrees: "White supremacy is really what these statues represent."[23]
Historian Karyn Cox of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte has written that the monuments are "a legacy of the brutally racist Jim Crow era".[24]University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill historian James Leloudis wrote, "The funders and backers of these monuments are very explicit that they are requiring a political education and a legitimacy for the Jim Crow era and the right of white men to rule."[25]
Adam Goodheart, Civil War author and director of the Starr Center at Washington College, told National Geographic: "They're 20th-century artifacts in the sense that a lot of it had to do with a vision of national unity that embraced Southerners as well as Northerners, but importantly still excluded black people."[12] Goodheart said that the statues were meant to be symbols of white supremacy and the rallying around them by white supremacists will likely hasten their demise.[26] Eleanor Harvey, a senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art Museum and a scholar of Civil War history, said: "If white nationalists and neo-Nazis are now claiming this as part of their heritage, they have essentially co-opted those images and those statues beyond any capacity to neutralize them again".[12]
Elijah Anderson, a professor of sociology at Yale University, said the statues' continued existence "really impacts the psyche of black people."[27]Harold Holzer, the director of the Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College, argued that this was intentional: the statues were designed to belittle African Americans.[28]Dell Upton, chair of the Department of Art History at the University of California, Los Angeles, wrote that "the monuments were not intended as public art", but rather were installed "as affirmations that the American polity was a white polity", and that because of their explicitly white supremacist intent, their removal from civic spaces was a matter "of justice, equity, and civic values."[8]
Civil War historian David Blight asked: "Why, in the year [2016], should communal spaces in the South continue to be sullied by tributes to those who defended slavery? How can Americans ignore the pain that black citizens, especially, must feel when they walk by the [John C.] Calhoun monument, or any similar statues, on their way to work, school or Bible study?"[29]
In a 1993 book on the issue in Georgia, author Frank McKenney argued otherwise; "These monuments were communal efforts, public art, and social history", he wrote.[30] Ex-soldiers and politicians had difficult time raising funds to erect monuments so the task mostly fell to the women, the "mothers widows, and orphans, the bereaved fiancees and sisters" of the soldiers who had lost their lives.[31] Many ladies' memorial associations were formed in the decades following the end of the Civil War, most of them joining the United Daughters of the Confederacy following its inception in 1894. The women were advised to "remember that they were buying art, not metal and stone."[32]
Cheryl Benard, president of the Alliance for the Restoration of Cultural Heritage,[33] argued against the removal of Confederate war monuments in an op-ed written for The National Interest: "From my vantage point, the idea that the way to deal with history is to destroy any relics that remind you of something you don't like, is highly alarming."[34]
Civil War historian James I. Robertson Jr. said that the monuments were not a "Jim Crow signal of defiance". He called the current climate to dismantle or destroy Confederate monuments as an "age of idiocy", motivated by "elements hell-bent on tearing apart unity that generations of Americans have painfully constructed".[35]
But Upton argues that the monuments celebrated only one side of the story, one that was "openly pro-Confederate". The monuments were erected without the consent or even input of Southern African-Americans, who remembered the Civil War far differently, and who had no interest in honoring those who fought to keep them enslaved.[8] Robert Seigler, who documented more than 170 Confederate monuments in South Carolina, found only five dedicated to the African Americans who had been used by the Confederacy to build fortifications or "had served as musicians, teamsters, cooks, servants, and in other capacities." Four of those were to slaves and one to a musician, Henry Brown.[36]
Alfred Brophy, a professor of law at the University of Alabama, argued the removal of the Confederate statues "facilitates forgetting", although these statues were "re-inscribed images of white supremacy". Brophy said that the Lee statue in Charlottesville should be removed.[27]
Julian Hayter, a historian at the University of Richmond, supports a different approach for the statues: re-contextualization. He supports adding a "footnote of epic proportions" such as a prominent historical sign or marker that explains the context in which they were built to help people see old monuments in a new light. "I'm suggesting we use the scale and grandeur of those monuments against themselves. I think we lack imagination when we talk about memorials. It's all or nothin'.... As if there's nothin' in between that we could do to tell a more enriching story about American history.[37][38]
Just five Confederate memorials were removed in the century-and-a-half after the Civil War. The modern effort to remove them was sparked by the Charleston church shooting of 2015. In the two years that followed, eight memorials were removed. In the city of New Orleans, a crane had to be brought in from an unidentified out-of-state company as no local company wanted the business.[40]
The removal movement was further galvanized by the August 2017 Unite the Right rally, which gathered in Charlottesville, Virginia, to protest the proposed removal of its Robert Edward Lee statue.[41] The rally saw deadly violence and the public display of white supremacist symbols. Within days, other cities moved to remove similar memorials. In Baltimore, for example, the city's Confederate statues were removed on the night of August 15–16, 2017. Mayor Catherine Pugh said that she ordered the overnight removals to preserve public safety.[42][43] Similarly, in Lexington, Kentucky, Mayor Jim Gray asked the city council on August 16, 2017, to approve the removal of two statues from a courthouse.[44][45]
Within three years of the Charleston shooting, at least 114 Confederate monuments were removed from public spaces, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center, which published an extensive report in 2016 of Confederate memorials in public spaces[2] and keeps an up-to-date list online.[46][47] Texas removed 31, more than any other state.[48]
A 2017 Reuters poll found that 54% of American adults stated that the monuments should remain in all public spaces, and 27% said they should be removed, while 19% said they were unsure. According to Reuters, "responses to the poll were sharply split along racial and party lines, however, with whites and Republicans largely supportive of preservation. Democrats and minorities were more likely to support removal."[49][50] Another 2017 poll, by HuffPost/YouGov, found that 48% of respondents favored the "remain" option, 33% favored removal, and 18% were unsure.[51][52] An NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll released in 2017 found that most Americans, including 44% of African Americans, believe that statues honoring leaders of the Confederacy should remain in place.[53]
In 2017, Jason Spencer, a white member of the Georgia legislature, told an African-American colleague that if she continued calling for removal of Confederate monuments, she wouldn't be "met with torches but something a lot more definitive", and that people who want the statues gone "will go missing in the Okefenokee....Don't say I didn't warn you."[54][55]
Various groups of proponents met March 22–24, 2018, in New Orleans "to commemorate, celebrate and strategically align Take 'Em Down efforts." A second such conference was held March 22–24, 2019, in Jacksonville, Florida.[56]
In April 2020, a study found that Confederate monuments were more likely to be removed in localities that had a large black and Democratic population, a chapter of the NAACP, and Southern state legislatures that have the power to decree removal.[57] Public support for removal increased during the George Floyd protests, with 52% in favor of removal, and 44% opposed.[58][59]
Most of the removals have been undertaken by state and local governments, while a relative few memorials were pulled down by protestors. For example, the bust of Robert E. Lee in Fort Myers, Florida, was toppled by unknown parties during the night of March 11–12, 2019. At least three were demolished by protestors in states that had passed laws to make it more difficult to legally remove them: Silent Sam, in Chapel Hill, North Carolina; the Confederate Soldiers Monument in Durham, North Carolina; and the Screven County Confederate Dead Monument, in Sylvania, Georgia. The latter two were damaged beyond repair, while Silent Sam, which was not seriously damaged, was placed in storage, awaiting a political decision on its fate. The "Confederate Dead Monument" was replaced through funds raised by the Sons of Confederate Veterans and the United Daughters of the Confederacy.[60]
Seven states have passed laws that impede or forbid the removal or alteration of public Confederate monuments. Laws in Georgia (early 20th century),[64] North Carolina (2015),[65] and Alabama (2017)[66] prohibit removal or alteration.[67] Laws in South Carolina (2000), Mississippi (2004), and Tennessee (2013, updated 2016) impede such actions.
A 1902 law in Virginia was repealed in 2020; other attempts to repeal state laws have not been successful.
Tennessee lawedit
In 2016, Tennessee passed its Tennessee Heritage Protection Act, which requires a two-thirds majority of the Tennessee Historical Commission to rename, remove, or move any public statue, monument, or memorial.[68] A 2018 amendment passed in response to events in Memphis (see below) prohibits municipalities from selling or transferring ownership of memorials without a waiver, and "allows any entity, group or individual with an interest in a Confederate memorial to seek an injunction to preserve the memorial in question."[69]The New York Times wrote in 2018 that the Tennessee act shows "an express intent to prevent municipalities in Tennessee from taking down Confederate memorials."[70]
As of 2022, the Tennessee Historical Commission has considered seven petitions to remove a Confederate monument and approved just one: for the Forrest bust in the state capitol.[71]
South Carolina lawedit
The removal of the Confederate flag from the South Carolina capitol required a two-thirds vote of both houses of the legislature, as would the removal of any other Confederate monument in South Carolina.[72]
North Carolina lawedit
A state law, the Cultural History Artifact Management and Patriotism Act of 2015,[73][74] prevents local governments from removing monuments on public property, and places limits on their movement within the property.[75] In August 2017, Governor Roy Cooper asked the North Carolina Legislature to repeal the law, writing: "I don't pretend to know what it's like for a person of color to pass by one of these monuments and consider that those memorialized in stone and metal did not value my freedom or humanity. Unlike an African-American father, I'll never have to explain to my daughters why there exists an exalted monument for those who wished to keep her and her ancestors in chains...We cannot continue to glorify a war against the United States of America fought in the defense of slavery. These monuments should come down." He also asked the Department of Natural and Cultural Resources to "determine the cost and logistics of removing Confederate monuments from state property."[76][77][78][79] Cooper later removed, on the grounds of public safety, three Confederate monuments at the North Carolina Capitol that the legislature had in effect made illegal to remove.
After the University of North Carolina renamed Saunders Hall in 2014 (see below), its Board of Trustees prohibited further renamings for 16 years.[80]
In 2019, North Carolina's law prohibiting monument removal was challenged indirectly. The Confederate Soldiers Monument in Winston-Salem was removed as a public nuisance, and a similar monument in Pittsboro was removed after a court ruled that it had never become county property, so the statute did not apply.[81]
Virginia lawedit
On March 8, 2020, the Virginia legislature "passed measures that would undo an existing state law that protects the monuments and instead let local governments decide their fate."[82] On April 11, 2020, Governor Ralph Northam signed the bill into law,[83] which went into effect on July 1. Previously, the state law had prohibited local governments from taking the monuments down, moving them, or even adding placards explaining why they were erected.[84]
Alabama lawedit
Alabama's law, the Alabama Memorial Preservation Act, was passed in May 2017. On January 14, 2019, a circuit judge ruled that the law is an un-Constitutional infringement on the City of Birmingham's right to free speech, and cannot be enforced.[85][86] On November 27, 2019, the Alabama Supreme Court reversed that ruling by a vote of nine to zero. In their decision, the court stated that "a municipality has no individual, substantive constitutional rights and that the trial court erred by holding that the City has constitutional rights to free speech."[87][88]
Unsuccessful federal legislationedit
On July 22, 2020, amid the George Floyd protests, the U.S. House of Representatives voted 305-113 to remove a bust of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney from the old robing room next to the Old Supreme Court Chamber in the Capitol Building. The bill (H.R. 7573[89]) would also have removed statues honoring Confederate figures and create a "process to obtain a bust of [Justice Thurgood] Marshall...and place it there within a minimum of two years."[90] The bill reached the Republican-led Senate on July 30, 2020 (S.4382) and was referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration, which took no further action on it.[91]
Vestigial pedestalsedit
The empty pedestals or plinths left after monument removal have met various fates.
In Baltimore, one of the four empty plinths was used in 2017 for a statue of a pregnant black woman, naked from the waist up, holding a baby in a brightly-covered sling on her back, with a raised golden fist: Madre Luz (Mother Light). The statue was first placed in front of the monument before its removal, then raised to the pedestal. Artist Pablo Machioli said "his original idea was to construct a pregnant mother as a symbol of life. 'I feel like people would understand and respect that'". The statue was vandalized several times before it was removed by the city.[92][93]
For the toppled Silent Sam monument at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, two scholars proposed leaving the "empty pedestal — shorn all original images and inscriptions — [which] eliminates the offending tribute while still preserving a record of what these communities did and where they did it.... The most effective way to commemorate the rise and fall of white supremacist monument-building is to preserve unoccupied pedestals as the ruins that they are — broken tributes to a morally bankrupt cause."[94] Instead, the plinth and its plaques were removed on January 14, 2019, at the direction of university Chancellor Carol Folt.
The plinths of the statues in Richmond, Virginia, were removed in 2022.[95] In some of Richmond's Monument Avenue intersections, the spotlights remain —pointed upward toward now-empty space.
In 2000, the U.S. Army renamed Forrest Road at Fort Bliss after receiving complaints. The road was renamed Cassidy Road after Lt. Gen. Richard T. Cassidy, a former post commander.[96]
In February 2020, the commandant of the Marine Corps, General David H. Berger, ordered "the removal of all Confederate-related paraphernalia from Marine Corps installations", including Confederate flags, bumper stickers, and "similar items".[97]
The U.S. Navy has similarly prohibited the display of the Confederate flag, including as bumper stickers on private cars on base; a wave of corporate product re-branding has also ensued.
In 2021, Congress ordered the Defense Department to establish a commission to consider whether to rename various bases, ships, buildings, streets, and other things named to honor Confederate figures. In 2022, this Naming Commission recommended changing the names of nine Army bases, two Navy ships, and other items.[98] Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin pledged to follow the commission's recommendations.[18]
In May 2022, the first part of the Naming Commission's report recommended changing the names of nine Army bases:
Fort Benning, Georgia, was renamed Fort Moore, in honor of Lt. Gen. Hal Moore and his wife Julia Moore.
Fort Pickett, Virginia, was renamed Fort Barfoot on March 24, 2023, in honor of Colonel Van T. Barfoot, who received the Medal of Honor for service during World War II.[100]
Fort Polk, Louisiana, was renamed Fort Johnson, in honor of Sgt. William Henry Johnson, who performed heroically in the first African American unit of the United States Army to engage in combat in World War I.
Fort Rucker, Alabama, was renamed Fort Novosel on April 10, 2023, in honor of Army aviator CW4 Michael J. Novosel, who received the Medal of Honor for service in Vietnam.[101][102]
The last of these changes were finalized in October 2023.[103]
The monument to Confederate artillery officer John Pelham, erected in 1905, was removed by the city on September 27, 2020. It was rededicated March 26, 2022, on public (county) property.[106] An Alabama law prohibiting the removal of historical monuments was deliberately broken by the city council of Anniston, Alabama.[107]
The Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument was erected in 1905. In the midst of the George Floyd protests, was removed by the city on June 1, 2020, in violation of the Alabama Memorial Preservation Act of 2017, a law passed specifically to prevent the removal of this monument. It was the most prominent Confederate monument in the state.[108] The Alabama Attorney General has filed suit against the city of Birmingham for violating the statute; the city could be fined $25,000 for the violation but cannot be forced to restore the monument. Mayor Randall Woodfin said the fine would be much more affordable than the cost of continued unrest in the city.[109][110]
Confederate Park. Renamed "Confederate Park" in 1923 at the request of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. A Confederate soldier statue was erected in 1910 at the intersection of North Main Avenue and West Capital Street adjacent to the Park. It was destroyed on July 16, 2016, when a policeman accidentally crashed his patrol car into the monument. The statue fell from its pedestal and was heavily damaged. In 2017, Demopolis city government voted 3–2 to move the damaged Confederate statue to a local museum and to install a new obelisk memorial that honors both the Union and the Confederate soldiers.[111][112]
The statue of an unnamed Confederate soldier which stood outside the Madison County Courthouse in downtown Huntsville since 1905 was removed on October 23, 2020.[113]
In 2020, a statue of Confederate Navy Admiral Raphael Semmes removed from downtown on orders of Mayor Sandy Stimpson. The $25,000 fine was paid by July 10.
The statue of Robert E. Lee in front of the Robert E. Lee High School was removed on June 1, 2020. Four people were charged with felony criminal mischief.[114] In November 2022, the Montgomery school board announced the school would be renamed to Dr. Percy L. Julian High School after Percy Lavon Julian.[115]
In September 2020, the University of Alabama trustees renamed Morgan Hall, named for a Confederate general and U.S. Senator John Tyler Morgan, to the English Building.[116]
Alaskaedit
Kusilvak Census Area: In 1913, Judge John Randolph Tucker named the Wade Hampton Census Area to commemorate his father-in-law. It was renamed Kusilvak Census Area in 2015 to remove a place named for a slave-holding Confederate general.[117]
Arizonaedit
Picacho Peak State Park: A wooden marker dedicated to Col. Sherod Hunter's Arizona volunteers was removed by Arizona State Parks & Trails in 2015. Deterioration of the wood was the supposed cause of the removal.[118]
Wesley Bolin Plaza, Arizona State Capitol, Phoenix: Regifted in a letter by the UDC dated June 30, 2020, to the State stating "These monuments were gifted to the State and are now in need of repair but due to the current political climate, we believe it unwise to repair them where they are located." Removed July 22, 2020.[119]
Jefferson Davis Highway Marker, U.S. 60 at Peralta Road, near Apache Junction: Regifted in a letter by the UDC dated June 30, 2020, to the State stating "These monuments were gifted to the State and are now in need of repair but due to the current political climate, we believe it unwise to repair them where they are located." Removed July 22, 2020.[119]
Picacho Peak State Park: A brass plaque honoring Confederate soldiers who fought there was vandalized and removed in June 2020. According to officials from Arizona State Parks and Trails and the Arizona Historical Society (AHS), it will not be replaced. Stated one AHS official, "Times change. We probably put our name on a few things we shouldn't have."[120]
Southside High School: Until 2016, the school nickname was the Rebels. Its mascot was Johnny Reb, a fictional personification of a Confederate soldier. The school also discontinued the use of "Dixie" as its fight song.[125]
Confederate Boulevard was renamed Springer Boulevard in 2015. The new name honors an African-American family prominent in the area since the Civil War.[127]
Springtown: Established 1868. Originally known as Springtown, it was renamed Confederate Corners after a group of Southerners settled there in the late 1860s.[129][2] Name changed back to "Springtown" in 2018.[130]
Quartz Hill High School. Until 1995, the school had a mascot called Johnny Reb, who would wave a Confederate Flag at football games. Johnny Reb had replaced another Confederate-themed mascot, Jubilation T. Cornpone, who waved the Stars and Bars flag at football games. "Slave Day" fundraisers were phased out in the 1980s.[135]
Robert E. Lee Elementary School, established 1959. Renamed Pacific View Leadership Elementary School on May 22, 2016.[136]
Markers of the Jefferson Davis Highway, installed in Horton Plaza in 1926 and moved to the western sidewalk of the plaza following a 2016 renovation.[137] Following the Unite the Right rally in Virginia, the San Diego City Council removed the plaque on August 16, 2017.[138]
San Lorenzo High School. Until 2017, the school nickname was the "Rebels" – a tribute to the Confederate soldier in the Civil War. Its mascot, The Rebel Guy, was retired in 2016. The school's original mascot, Colonel Reb, was a white man with a cane and goatee who was retired in 1997.[139]
District of Columbiaedit
The empty, vandalized pedestal of the Albert Pike Memorial in Washington, D.C., on July 2, 2020, after the statue was toppled by protesters
On December 21, 2020, a statue of Robert E. Lee representing Virginia was removed to be replaced by a statue of civil rights activist Barbara Rose Johns.[141]
Confederate Memorial Hall, a brownstone row house at 1322 Vermont Avenue NW, just off Logan Circle, was a gathering place for Confederate veterans in Washington, D.C., and later, a social hall for white politicians from the South. The organization that owned it, the Confederate Memorial Association, keeps active the 1997 web page that lists paintings and artifacts at this self-designated "Confederate Embassy". The building was seized and sold in 1997 to pay $500,000 in contempt-of-court fines imposed by District of Columbia courts on association president John Edward Hurley.[142] It then became a private residence.[143][144]
In 2016, Washington National Cathedral removed small Confederate flags from stained-glass windows honoring Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson. In 2017, it replaced the windows entirely.[145]
An August 2017 meeting of the Florida League of Mayors was devoted to the topic of what to do with Civil War monuments.[149]
State symbols
Until 2016, the shield of the Confederacy was found in the Rotunda of the Florida Capitol, together with those of France, Spain, England, and the United States – all of them treated equally as "nations" that Florida was part of or governed by. The five flags "that have flown in Florida" were included on the official Senate seal, displayed prominently in the Senate chambers, on its stationery, and throughout the Capitol. On October 19, 2015, the Senate agreed to change the seal so as to remove the Confederate battle flag from it.[150] The new (2016) Senate seal has only the flags of the United States and Florida.[151]
On August 22, 2017, the Manatee County Commission voted 4–3 to move the Confederate monument in front of the county courthouse to storage.[152] This granite obelisk was dedicated on June 22, 1924, by the Judah P. Benjamin Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. It commemorates Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee, and Jefferson Davis, and the "Memory of Our Confederate Soldiers."[153] On August 24, while being moved (at 3 AM), the spire toppled and broke. The clean break is repairable, but the County recommends it not be repaired until a new home is found.[154][155]: 32 No final decision has been made as of September 2018, but the Gamble Plantation Historic State Park has been suggested as a possible new home for it.[156]
Florida's Last Confederate Veteran Memorial, City Park (1958). In 2015, ownership was transferred to trustees of Lundy's family and the memorial was moved to private property.[155][157] Soon after, research determined the memorialized man had not been a veteran but had falsified his age to get veteran benefits.[158] After the removal of the Confederate monument and flag, the park is now referred to as the "former Confederate Park."[158]
In August 2017, the Daytona Beach city manager made the decision to remove three plaques from Riverfront Park that honored Confederate veterans.[159][160][161]
The bust of Robert E. Lee, on a pedestal in the median of Monroe Street downtown, was found face down on the ground on March 12, 2019; the bolts holding it in place had been removed. It did not appear to be damaged, and was removed by the Sons of Confederate Veterans.[162] The bust had been commissioned in 1966 from Italian sculptor Aldo Pero for $6,000 by the defunct Laetitia Ashmore Nutt Chapter of UDC, chapter 1447.[163][164] In 2018 there had been conflict over the future of the monument, both at a Ft. Myers City Council meeting[165] and at the monument itself.[166]
Confederate monument called "Old Joe", Alachua County courthouse lawn, erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy[79] and unveiled January 20, 1904.[167] Removed from government land and returned to the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 2017, which moved it to a private cemetery.[155]: 34 [168]
Hollywood: Street signs named for Confederate Generals were removed in April 2018.[169][170]
Following a petition with 160,000 signatures, Nathan Bedford Forrest High School (1959), originally an all-white school named in protest against school desegregation, renamed Westside High School in 2014 after decades of controversy.[171][172][173]
In the summer of 2021, the names of six schools named for confederate figures were renamed:[174]
Confederate soldier statue in downtown Munn Park, created by the McNeel Marble Works.[155]: 34 "The United Daughters of the Confederacy paid $1,550 to erect the statue in Munn Park, the town square, on June 3, 1910. The city chipped in $200."[176] In May 2018, the Lakeland City Commission approved unanimously the removal of the statue to Veterans Park. However, they specified that private funds would have to cover the costs.[177] In six months, only $26,209 was raised, so commissioners voted in November "to use $225,000 in red light camera citation money to pay for the move".[178] A coalition of individuals and groups opposed to the move, including the Sons of Confederate Veterans, filed suit in federal court alleging that the money being used was public money, but the suit was dismissed in January 2019 "as a matter of law",[176] and the city proceeded, noting that it will be moved in the daytime.[179] The move started on March 21, 2019.[180]
Confederate "Johnny Reb" monument, Lake Eola Park. Erected in 1911 on Magnolia Avenue; moved to Lake Eola Park in 1917. Removed from the park to a public cemetery in 2017.[181][182]
The Confederate Battle Flag was included on the Senate seal from 1972 to 2016, when it was removed. It was also displayed in its chambers and on the Senate letterhead. In the wake of the racially motivated Charleston shootings, the Senate voted in October 2015 to replace the confederate symbol with the Florida state flag.[190] The new shield was in place in 2016.[191]
The Confederate Stainless Banner flag flew over the west entrance of the Florida State Capitol from 1978 until 2001, when Gov. Jeb Bush ordered it removed.[192]
Memoria In Aeterna, now in Brandon Family Cemetery, Brandon, Florida
In 1997, county commissioners removed the Confederate flag from the Hillsborough County seal. In a compromise, they voted to hang a version of the flag in the county center. Commissioners voted in 2015 to remove that flag. In 2007 the county stopped honoring Confederate History Month.
In June 2017, the Hillsborough County School Board started a review of how to change the name of Robert E. Lee Elementary School in east Tampa.[193] In September 2017, the school was seriously damaged by fire of accidental origin. Teachers and students were transferred, and the school with this name went out of existence.[194]
Memoria In Aeterna ("Eternal Memory"), Old Hillsborough County Courthouse, in 2017 Annex to the current Courthouse. "The monument is comprised of two Confederate soldiers: one facing north, in a fresh uniform, upright and heading to battle, and the other facing south, his clothes tattered as he heads home humbled by war.[193][195] Between them is a 32-foot-tall obelisk with the image of a Confederate flag chiseled into it."[196] It was called "one of the most divisive symbols in Hillsborough County".[197] It was first erected in 1911 at Franklin and Lafayette Streets, and moved to its former location, in front of the then-new county courthouse, in 1952.[193] After voting in July 2017 to move the statue to the small Brandon Family Cemetery in the suburb that bears its name (Brandon, Florida), the County Commission announced on August 16 that the statue would only be moved if private citizens raised $140,000, the cost of moving it, within 30 days. The funds were raised within 24 hours. The following day Save Southern Heritage, Veterans' Monuments of America, and United Daughters of the Confederacy filed a lawsuit attempting to prevent the statue's move.[198] On September 5, 2017, a Hillsborough administrative judge denied their request for an injunction. Removal of the monument, which took several days, began the same day.[197] It was cut into 26 pieces to enable its removal.[197] It was moved on September 5, 2017, to the Brandon Family Cemetery; the county paid half the $285,000 cost.[195][199]
A 60 feet (18 m) x 30 feet (9.1 m) Confederate flag—when erected, the largest such flag ever made—at the privately-owned Confederate Memorial Park, placed so as to be visible at the intersection of I-4 and I-75, just east of Tampa (actually Seffner, Florida), was removed on June 1, 2020, by its owner, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, after threats to burn it were made on social media.[200]
Confederate monument, Woodlawn Cemetery (1941), located at the front gate, directly behind an American flag. "The only one south of St. Augustine, likely the only Confederate statue in Palm Beach and Broward counties, said historian Janet DeVries, who leads cemetery tours at Woodlawn." Vandalized several times. Removed and placed in storage by order of Mayor Jeri Muoio on August 22, 2017, since its owner, the United Daughters of the Confederacy, had not claimed it despite notification.[201][202] "Believed by local historians to be the last Confederate monument in Palm Beach County."[203][204]
Jefferson Davis Middle School. Renamed Palm Springs Middle School in 2005.[205]
Georgiaedit
State flag: From 1956 to 2001 the state flag of Georgia incorporated the Confederate battle flag. The current (2003) flag incorporates a less familiar version of the Confederacy's first flag, the Stars and Bars.
A monument was removed from Broad Street in downtown Athens in August 2020, ostensibly due to roadwork.[209] The monument was moved to a nearby battle site.[210]
Atlanta: Confederate Ave was renamed United Ave after the neighborhood organized for a change in 2019.[211]
Brunswick: A monument that was placed in 1902 was removed on May 17, 2022, and although the City Commission voted to remove it in 2020 the final action was delayed due to legal tension.[212]
Macon: Two Confederate monuments, the Confederate statue on Cotton Avenue (originally erected in the 1870s and originally stood on Mulberry Street prior to the 1950s) and the 'Women of the South' monument on Poplar and First Street (built by the United Daughters of the Confederacy at an unknown date), were moved to Whittle Park outside Rose Hill Cemetery on June 22, 2022, after a 2020 vote by the Macon-Bibb Commission[215] and a lawsuit against removal had ended.[216]
Sylvania: The Screven County Confederate Dead Monument was pulled off its pedestal and "virtually destroyed" between August 30 and 31, 2018. The monument had been erected on Confederate Memorial Day, April 26, 1909, and moved to the city cemetery in the 1950s when the city turned the downtown Main Street park – where the monument was originally located – into a parking lot. The Georgia Division of the Sons of Confederate Veterans is offering a $2,000 reward for the arrest and conviction of those involved; the reward was subsequently increased to $10,000.[217] A photo of the destroyed monument shows a flagpole with a Confederate flag.[218]
Wichita: Confederate Flag Bicentennial Memorial (1962, removed 2015). The Confederate battle flag had been displayed at the John S. Stevens Pavilion at Veterans Memorial Plaza near downtown since 1976, when it was placed there in a historical flag display as part of the nation's bicentennial. The flag was removed July 2, 2015, by order of Mayor Jeff Longwell.[219][220]
Kentuckyedit
Bowling Green: a "historic" sign indicating that Bowling Green was the Confederate capital of Kentucky was removed in August 2020.[221]
Florence: Boone County High School. The mascot for the school was Mr. Rebel, a Confederate general who stands tall in a light blue uniform, feathered cap, and English mustache. It was removed in 2017.[222]
Frankfort: Statue of Jefferson Davis, Kentucky Capitol Rotunda, 1936. (Jefferson Davis was born in Kentucky.) In 2015, the all-white[223] state Historic Properties Advisory Commission voted against removing the statue.[224] In 2017 several prominent Republicans called for its removal.[225] It was removed on June 13, 2020.[226]
John C. Breckinridge Memorial (1911) and John Hunt Morgan Memorial (1887), Fayette County Courthouse.[227] In November 2015, a committee, the Urban County Arts Review Board, voted to recommend removal of both memorials.[227] The city council approved the removal on August 17, 2017.[228][229] They were removed October 17, 2017, with the plan to move both to Lexington Cemetery.[230] On July 24, 2018, this was accomplished.[231]
Baton Rouge: Robert E. Lee High School, renamed Lee High School in 2016, Lee Magnet High School in 2018, and in 2020, Liberty Magnet High School. Sports teams, formerly Rebels, are now Patriots.[235]
New Orleans: The first Confederate monuments removed in 2017 were those of New Orleans, although it was in 2015 that the City Council ordered their removal. Court challenges were unsuccessful. The workers who moved the monuments were dressed in bullet-proof vests, helmets, and masks to conceal their identities because of concerns about their safety.[236][237] According to Mayor Landrieu, "The original firm we'd hired to remove the monuments backed out after receiving death threats and having one of his cars set ablaze."[238] "Opponents at one point found their way to one of our machines and poured sand in the gas tank. Other protesters flew drones at the contractors to thwart their work."[239] The city said it was weighing where to display the monuments so they could be "placed in their proper historical context from a dark period of American history."[240] On May 19, 2017, the Monumental Task Committee,[241] an organization that maintains monuments and plaques across the city, commented on the removal of the statues: "Mayor Landrieu and the City Council have stripped New Orleans of nationally recognized historic landmarks. With the removal of four of our century-plus aged landmarks, at 299 years old, New Orleans now heads into our Tricentennial more divided and less historic." Landrieu replied on the same day: "These statues are not just stone and metal. They are not just innocent remembrances of a benign history. These monuments purposefully celebrate a fictional, sanitized Confederacy; ignoring the death, ignoring the enslavement, and the terror that it actually stood for."[242] A seven-person Monument Relocation Committee was set up by Mayor LaToya Cantrell to advise on what to do with the removed monuments. The statue of Jefferson Davis, if their recommendation is implemented, will be moved to Beauvoir, his former estate in Biloxi, Mississippi, that is now a presidential library and museum.[243] The Committee recommended that the statues of Robert E. Lee and P.G.T. Beauregard be placed in Greenwood Cemetery, near City Park Avenue and Interstate 10 (where three other Confederate generals are entombed). However, this conflicts with a policy of former mayor Mitch Landrieu, who had directed that they never again be on public display in Orleans Parish. The Battle of Liberty Place Monument will remain in storage.[244]
Jefferson Davis Monument – Cost $35,000 and was unveiled February 22, 1911, the 50th anniversary of his inauguration as President of the Confederacy, by the Jefferson Davis Monument Association, which was formed in 1898. "The unveiling...was preceded by 'an impressive military parade' led by Major Allison Owen. Veterans of the Army of Tennessee, Washington Artillery, Camp Henry St. Paul, Army of Northern Virginia, veterans from the Soldiers Home, National Guard and the Boy Scouts all attended. A group of 500 schoolgirls formed a living Confederate flag."[246] Removed May 11, 2017.[247]
Renaming of public schools. In 1992, the School Board announced plans to rename schools named after owners of slaves, if the parents, teachers, and children of each school approved. Other public schools renamed, not directly relevant to the war, were originally named for Marie Couvent (a black slave owner), George Washington, William C. C. Claiborne, Samuel J. Peters, Étienne de Boré, William O. Rogers ("a general school superintendent who didn't believe blacks should be educated after the 5th grade"), and Edward Douglass White, Jr., a Supreme Courtchief justice who voted to uphold the "separate but equal" doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson.[250]
Jefferson Davis Elementary School renamed in 1993 for Ernest "Dutch" Morial, New Orleans' first African-American mayor.
P.G.T. Beauregard Junior High School was renamed Thurgood Marshall Middle School, after the first black Supreme Court justice.
Adolph Meyer School, named for a Confederate officer and later a congressman, was renamed for the abolitionist Harriet Tubman.
Benjamin Palmer School, named for a pro-slavery pastor influential in Louisiana's decision to secede and join the Confederacy, was renamed Lorraine V. Hansberry Elementary School, after the African-American playwright who wrote A Raisin in the Sun.
State Song: In 2021 Maryland officially repealed its state song, Maryland, My Maryland, due to controversial lyrics that call on Maryland to join the Confederacy and label the Union as tyrannical. In March 2021, both houses of the Maryland General Assembly voted to repeal the state song and governor Larry Hogan signed it into law on May 18, 2021.[252] Since then, Maryland has had no official state song. Previously in 2017, the University of Maryland marching band announced it would no longer play the song before football games and in 2020, Pimlico Race Course scrapped its tradition of playing the song before the race.[253]
Plaque (1964): Maryland State House Trust removed a plaque from the Maryland State House in 2020.[254]
Catonsville: 1942 mural in Post Office depicting "enslaved Black people pulling barrels of tobacco alongside White men on horses" has been covered with plastic sheeting, pending decision on what to do with it and what to replace it with.[261]
Easton: A statue commemorating the Talbot Boys is removed from the lawn of the county courthouse. It was the last Confederate statue to be removed from a courthouse.[263]
Ellicott City, Howard County: Howard County Courthouse Confederate Monument. Dedicated in 1948. Removed on August 22, 2017.[264]
Rockville: Confederate Monument, lifesize and bronze, on a granite pedestal. The base of the CSA monument moved from Rockville, MD, to White's Ferry, MD. It was originally donated by the UDC and the United Confederate Veterans, and built by the Washington firm of Falvey Granite Company at a cost of $3,600. The artist is unknown.[266] Inscription: "To Our Heroes of Montgomery Co. Maryland That We Through Life May Not Forget to Love The Thin Gray Line Erected A.D. 1913 / 1861 CSA 1865."[267] (Gray was the color of Confederate uniforms.) The dedication was on June 3, 1913 (Jefferson Davis's birthday),[267] and 3,000 (out of a county population of 30,000) attended.[268] It was originally located in a small triangular park[269] called Courthouse Square. In 1971, urban renewal led to the elimination of the Square, and the monument was moved to the east lawn of the Red Brick Courthouse (no longer in use as such), facing south.[270] In 1994 it was cleaned and waxed by the Maryland Military Monuments Commission.[266] It was marked with "Black Lives Matter" in 2015; a wooden box was built over it to protect it.[271] The monument was removed in July 2017 from its original location outside the Old Rockville Court House to private land[269] at White's Ferry in Dickerson, Maryland.[272][273]
Lowell: The 1935 Robert E. Lee Show Boat:[277] A campaign by Former Representative Dave Hildenbrand to request money from Rick Snyder's administration resulted in a taxpayer funded grant[278] to rebuild the confederate-named boat.[279] What followed was a contentious[280] and successful petition to change the boat's name.[281] It was demolished February 28, 2019.[282]
Mississippiedit
Statewide
On June 30, 2020, Governor Tate Reeves signed a bill to remove the second flag of Mississippi (1894) from public buildings within 15 days and establish a new flag for the state.[283][284] Voters approved the new flag with 68% of the vote on November 3, 2020.[285]
"Several city and county governments and all eight of Mississippi's public universities have stopped flying the state flag in recent years amid critics' concerns that it does not properly represent a state where 38 percent of residents are African-American."[286][287]
(Col. John Logan) Power Academic and Performing Arts Complex is renamed for Ida B. Wells and Robert E. Lee Elementary School is renamed for "Drs. Aaron and Ollye Shirley" in December 2020.[291]
In 2016, the University of Mississippi marching band, called The Pride of the South, stopped playing Dixie. The school got rid of its Colonel Reb mascot in 2003.[293]
Missouriedit
Columbia: In 2018, the Columbia Board of Education voted unanimously to change the name of Robert E. Lee Elementary School to Locust Street Expressive Arts Elementary School.[294]
Kansas City, Missouri: United Daughters of the Confederacy Monument on Ward Parkway. The memorial to Confederate women, a 1934 gift by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, was covered by graffiti on August 18, 2017, and boxed up two days later in preparation for its removal. The monument was removed on August 25, 2017.[295][296]
Confederate Drive (1914). Road removed and replaced with green space in 2017.[298]
Montanaedit
Confederate Memorial Fountain in Helena, Montana before removal
Helena: Confederate Memorial Fountain (1916). City Council voted August 17, 2017, to remove it. It was removed on August 18, 2017.[299][300] In its place is a new fountain known as the Equity Fountain, installed in 2020.[301]
In November 2017, the cover of Harper's Magazine featured J. C. Hallman's article "Monumental Error" about the Central Park monument of controversial surgeon – and Confederate spy – J. Marion Sims.[305] The timing coincided with the work New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio's committee on monuments, and Hallman's article was distributed to members of New York's Public Design Commission. The commission voted unanimously to remove Sims's statue, and it was removed in April 2018.[306] Hallman has since written articles about Sims's statue in Montgomery, Alabama, and is working on a book, The Anarcha Quest, about Sims and his so-called "first cure", Anarcha Westcott.[307]
On August 16, 2017, the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island removed a 1912 plaque from a tree Robert E. Lee planted between 1842 and 1847. They also removed a second marker erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1935.[308]
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo has ordered name changes of streets named for Lee and Jackson in the Fort Hamilton section of Brooklyn.[309]
In a joint agreement between the city of Asheville and Buncombe County to remove two Confederate monuments that are located in or near Pack Square Park, crews began by the removal of the Robert E. Lee Dixie Highway, Colonel John Connally Marker (1926) on July 10, 2020, leaving only the base for future use.[312] On July 14, crews removed the Monument to 60th Regt. NC Volunteers (1905), located in front of the Buncombe County courthouse. Both monuments were moved to a County-own storage facility, where they will stay till a future decision is made.[313][314]
The Zebulon VanceMonument (1898), a 75-foot (23 m) obelisk located at the center of Pack Square Park, was completely covered with a shroud on July 10, 2020, at a cost of $18,500 and a monthly scaffolding rental cost of $2,400.[312] The monument was removed by the City of Asheville in May 2021.[315]
Silent Sam, a statue erected in 1913 at the entrance to the University of North Carolina (today the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) as a memorial to its Confederate alumni, was pulled down, after years of protests, on August 20, 2018.[317] As of November 20, 2019, the University has not decided whether or where the statue will be restored.[318][319] In her January 19, 2019, letter of resignation as Chancellor, Carol Folt ordered the removal of the plinth and plaques as a threat to public safety, as they attracted pro-Confederate demonstrators unconnected with the University.[320] A proposal to build a special museum on the campus for the statue was rejected as too expensive and wasteful of resources. A scandal erupted in late 2019 after the press reported a secret agreement to transfer the monument to the Sons of Convederate Veterans, with funding. This deal collapsed once it was exposed. As of August 2020 the statue remains in an undisclosed University of North Carolina warehouse, and its fate remains undecided.[citation needed]
The Orange County Board of Commissioners voted unanimously on October 16, 2018, to remove the Jefferson Davis Highway designation from the portion of US 15 that runs through the county. A marker stands at the intersection of East Franklin Street (formerly the route of US 15) and Henderson Street, in downtown Chapel Hill, adjacent to the University of North Carolina. The bronze plaque and stone pedestal were not removed immediately because it was not clear who their owner was.[321]
In 2015, the Mecklenburg County Confederate Soldiers Monument (1977) was vandalized following the events of the Charleston church shooting on June 17. In July, the monument was removed from its location at the northwest corner of the Old City Hall for cleaning. Later that same month, the "Historic Artifact Management and Patriotism Act" became law while the monument was still located in a city-owned warehouse. With a technicality, city manager Ron Carlee informed the City Council that he was moving the monument to the Confederate section of city-owned Elmwood Cemetery. By end of year, it was moved, next to other Confederate monuments and graves.[322][323][324]
The Confederate Reunion Marker (1924), located on a hill next to Grady Cole Center and American Legion Memorial Stadium, was removed on June 21, 2020, after the Mecklenburg County Commission became aware of online threats to damage or deface it. No decision if the removal would be temporary or permanent.[325]
Clinton: On July 12, 2020, the statue that makes part of the Confederate Soldiers Monument (1916), located on the south side of the Sampson County Courthouse, was removed after it was found bent and teetering on its pedestal that morning. The base currently remains on the Courthouse grounds.[326]
Confederate Soldiers Monument (1924) at the Old Durham County Courthouse, was pulled down and severely damaged during a protest on August 17, 2017. Eight individuals were arrested for destroying the memorial, but the charges were later dropped.[77][327][328][329] The monument is being stored in a county warehouse.[330] In early 2019, a joint city-county government committee to consider what to do with the damaged statue, recommended that it be displayed indoors in its crumpled state. "The committee said displaying the statue in its current damaged form would add important context. The proposal would leave the statue's pedestal in place and add outdoor markers honoring Union soldiers and enslaved people." The proposal needs approval from the Durham County Commission. Durham County maintains that the Cultural History Artifact Management and Patriotism Act of 2015 does not apply, since the law does not address damaged monuments.[331] On August 11, 2020, contractors removed the stone pedestal and moved it to a secure location following the recommendation of the City-County Committee on Confederate Monuments and Memorials.[332]
Julian S. Carr Junior High School, for whites only, built in 1928, closed in 1975. The building became part of the formerly all-white Durham High School, which closed in 1993. Since 1995 the buildings are used by the Durham School of the Arts.[338] On August 24, 2017, the Board of the Durham Public Schools voted unanimously to remove Carr's name from the building.[339]
Fayetteville: On June 27, 2020, the 1902 Confederate Monument was removed from its location between the intersection of East and West Dobbin Avenue, Morganton Street, and Fort Bragg Road, in the Haymount neighborhood. The decision of its removal was done by its owner, the J.E.B. Stuart Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), in an effort so the monument would not be vandalized.[340] It is not known if it will be returned, moved or stay in storage indefinitely. This was its third location, originally located at the intersection of Grove, Green, Rowan, and Ramsey Streets; it moved to the northeast corner of the square in 1951 due to road realignments. In 2002, the statue was then moved to its last location, by the UDC, believing the original site lost its charm becoming to commercialized.[341]
Gastonia: On June 23, 2020, the Gaston County Commissioners approved creating a council of understanding to give a recommendation to the commissioners about the future of the Gaston County Confederate Soldiers Monument (1912), located at the Gaston County Courthouse along Marietta Street. The commissioners voted on July 13 to move the statue and voted on August 3 to gift the monument to the Sons of Confederate Veterans Charles Q. Petty Camp, allowing them to move it onto private property, where it can only be used as a war memorial and educational tool.[342]
Greensboro: On July 3, 2020, the Confederate Soldiers Monument (1888) was discovered toppled in Green Hills Cemetery. The monument, which marks the grave area of three hundred unknown Confederate soldiers, was moved into storage.[343]
Greenville: The Pitt County Confederate Soldiers Monument (1914) sits on the Pitt County Courthouse grounds in Greenville.[344] On June 15, 2020, the Pitt County Board of Commissioners voted to remove the monument to a temporary location immediately, and work toward a permanent one.[345] It was removed on June 23.[346]
Henderson: On July 3, 2020, the Vance County Confederate Monument (1910), located in front of the old Vance County Courthouse, was removed after Vance County Commissioners approved it by vote a few days earlier. The monument is in storage until its disposition can be decided.[347] Upon its removal, crews discovered a time capsule that was buried beneath the monument, with artifacts that date to 1910.[348]
Hillsborough: The building that currently houses the Orange County Historical Museum, at 201 N. Churton St., was built in 1934 and housed the (whites only) public library. The UDC donated $7,000 towards its construction, and it was named the Confederate Memorial Library. In 1983, after the library (now the Orange County Public Library) moved into a larger facility, the Museum moved in. The word "Library" was removed from the lettering over the front door, but "Confederate Memorial" remained. In 2015, the Hillsborough Town Board voted to remove the words.[349]
Old Chatham County Courthouse, Pittsboro, North Carolina (1908)
Lexington: In October 2020, the United Daughters of the Confederacy requested that a Confederate monument owned by the organization which stood at the city square in Lexington since 1902 be removed. Despite objections from Davidson County Commissioners, the Confederate monument which stood at the city square in Lexington since 1902 was removed after the Davidson County Superior Court allowed for the city and the Daughters of the Confederacy to have it removed from this location. The statue would be removed from the city square late at night on October 15–16, 2020.[350]
Louisburg: The Louisburg Town Council voted, in emergency session on June 22, 2020, on a compromise to remove the Confederate Monument (1914) from its location on North Main Street and move it to a municipal cemetery and placed among the graves of the Confederate soldiers it memorializes.[351] It was removed on June 30.[352]
Oxford: On June 24, 2020, the 34-foot (10 m) Granville County Confederate Monument (1909) was removed from its location in front of the Richard Thornton Library, next to the Granville County Revolutionary War Monument (1926). The Granville Board of Commissioners made the decision as they believed there was a credible threat that it would be forcibly removed and possible violent protest. The monument was placed in storage until a new location was determined. This was the second location of the monument; it was first located in front of the Granville County Courthouse till 1971, when it was moved to the library as a compromise from the Oxford Race Riot.[353]
Pittsboro: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1907), Old Chatham County Courthouse; erected by Winnie Davis Chapter, UDC.[354] In 2019, there were "months" of discussion about what to do with it, including "multiple late-night Chatham County Board of Commissioners meetings". There were citizens' groups calling for its removal ("Chatham for All") and for leaving it alone. As it is privately owned (by the UDC), the statute protecting public Civil War monuments does not apply, said the County. In July 2019, the local UDC chapter and the county "signed a memorandum of understanding, agreeing to 'meet, cooperate, and work together in good faith to develop a mutually agreeable framework for "reimagining" the monument.'" In an August 12 statement, the UDC said the statue was given by the UDC to the county, which now owns it, "notwithstanding the statement on the south side of the statue carved in granite", the state statute does apply, and "is inappropriate that we re-imagine the statue in any way".[355][356] After a court ruled that the statue belonged to the UDC and not the county, it was removed on November 20, 2019.[357]
On June 19, 2020, protesters pulled down two of the three bronze soldiers on the 75-foot (23 m) Confederate monument at the state Capitol, with one of the statues hung by its neck from the streetlight.[359] The following day, Governor Cooper gave the orders that all three Confederate monuments, located on the Capitol grounds, to be removed for public safety. Two of the three monuments, the Women of the Confederacy (1914) and a statue of Henry Lawson Wyatt (1912), were removed that day and moved into storage.[360][361] The third, what remains of the monument to fallen Confederate soldiers (1895) was removed from June 21–23. Governor Cooper laid blame to the 2015 law as creating legal roadblocks to removal that eventually led to the dangerous incidents that happened.[362][363] The two cannons that flanked 75-foot Confederate monument were moved to Fort Fisher on June 28.[364]
Reidsville: From 1910 to 2011, the monument stood in Reidsville's downtown area. In 2011, a motorist hit the monument, shattering the granite soldier which stood atop it. Placing the monument back in the center of town sparked a debate between local officials, neighbors and friends—which resulted in it being placed at its current site—the Greenview Cemetery.[365]
Rocky Mount: On June 2, 2020, the City Council of Rocky Mount voted to remove the Nash County Confederate Monument (1917). The land, which the monument was located on, will be vacated by the city, reverting ownership to Rocky Mount Mills.[366]
Salisbury: On June 16, 2020, the Salisbury City Council voted to remove the Fame Confederate Monument (1909), located on at the intersection of West Innes and Church Streets, and move it to the Old Lutheran Cemetery, where 175 tombstones for Confederate soldiers were installed in 1996. On June 22, an agreement was signed with the Robert F. Hoke Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy to which they will assist on its removal, storage, and move.[367] The statue was removed on July 6–7, 2020.[368]
Wadesboro: On July 7, 2020, the Anson County Board of Commissioners voted to remove the Anson County Confederate Soldiers Monument (1906) from its location in front of the Wadesboro courthouse. The following day, the monument was removed and placed in storage, where it will remain until it can be moved onto private property at a later date.[369]
Warrenton: On June 24, 2020, the Warren County Confederate Monument (1913), located in front of the Warren County Courthouse, was removed from its location. The County Commission justified their decision after receiving online several threats to topple the monument; it is currently in storage.[370]
Wilmington: In the early morning of June 25, 2020, in what has been described as a surprise move, the City of Wilmington removed the Confederate Memorial (1924) and the George Davis Monument (1911). The city's Twitter page posted at 5:28 a.m.:[371] "In accordance with NC law, the city has temporarily removed two monuments from the downtown area. This was done in order to protect the public safety and to preserve important historical artifacts." It is not known where the monuments are stored or what the plans for them will be.[372][373]
Winston-Salem: The Confederate Soldiers Monument (1905),[374] formerly in front of the former Forsyth County Courthouse, now private apartments, was removed on March 12, 2019, by the city, due to safety concerns and the property owner's unwillingness to maintain it. Mayor Allen Joines said that the statue would be moved to Salem Cemetery after being temporarily in storage.[375] It was vandalized with paint in August 2017 and again late in 2018 with the words "Cowards & Traitors" written with black marker.[376] The UDC, its owner, declined to move it to the Salem Cemetery after the city proposed it.[377] On December 31, 2018, the city attorney sent a letter to the UDC saying that the monument is a threat to public safety and calling for its removal by January 31. "And if they don't, we're prepared to file legal action to achieve that removal", said Joines.[378] The owner of the property, Clachan Properties, also asked the UDC to remove it.[379] The local chapter of the UDC sued the city and county on May 4, 2020, claiming the city did not own the statue and did not have the right to remove it.[380] On December 31, 2020, the state division of the UDC announced it was appealing to the North Carolina Supreme Court.[381]
Ohioedit
Columbus: On August 22, 2017, a Confederate statue at Camp Chase was damaged and its head stolen; it has since been repaired.[382]
Willoughby: Willoughby South High School: In 2017, the school dropped its "Rebel" mascot—a man dressed in a gray Confederate military outfit—but kept the "Rebel" nickname.[385]
Worthington: An Ohio state historical marker outside the home where CSA Brigadier General Roswell S. Ripley was born was removed August 18, 2017.[386]
Oklahomaedit
Atoka: The Confederate Memorial Museum and Cemetery opened in 1986.[387] In 2016, its name was changed to Atoka Museum and Confederate Cemetery.[388]
Tulsa: Robert E. Lee Elementary School, renamed Lee Elementary School in May 2018, then renamed Council Oak Elementary School in August 2018.[389]
Pennsylvaniaedit
"After removing a trio of Confederate historical markers an hour west of Gettysburg, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission has replaced two with significant revisions that view Confederate milestones through a more critical lens. ...In Pittsburgh, the commission took down a United Daughters of the Confederacy-backed plaque."[390]
South Carolinaedit
Columbia: The Confederate battle flag was raised over the South Carolina statehouse in 1962 as a protest to desegregation. In 2000 the legislature voted to remove it and replace it with a flag on a flagpole in front of the Capitol as a monument.[391] In 2015 the complete removal was approved by the required 2/3 majority of both houses of the Legislature.[72] The flag was given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room & Military Museum.
Rock Hill: In 2017, the Confederate flag and pictures of Jackson and Lee were removed from the York County courthouse.[392]
Tennesseeedit
The 2016 Tennessee Heritage Protection Act puts "the brakes on cities' and counties' ability to remove monuments or change names of streets and parks."[393]
South Cumberland Elementary School: Murals painted in 2003, one of a large Confederate battle flag and another showing the team's mascot, the Rebel, triumphantly holding a Confederate battle flag while a boy in a blue outfit is being lynched on a tree, were altered/removed in 2018 after it was discovered by the anti-hate organization located in Shelbyville.[394]
The Forrest Crossing Golf Course, owned by the American Golf Corporation, changed its name to the Crossing Golf Course on September 22, 2017.[395] It had been named after Confederate General and Klansman Nathan Bedford Forrest.[395]
Removed statue of Nathan Bedford Forrest, Health Sciences Park (formerly Forrest Park), Memphis
Three Confederate-themed city parks were "hurriedly renamed" before the passage of the Tennessee Heritage Protection Act[396] of 2013. Confederate Park (1908) was renamed Memphis Park; Jefferson Davis Park (1907) was renamed Mississippi River Park; and Forrest Park (1899) was renamed Health Sciences Park.[397][398] The vote of the City Council was unanimous.[399] At the time the monuments were dedicated, African Americans could not use those parks.[400]
Jefferson Davis Monument in Memphis Park, 1904/1964. The city is suing the state to get it removed.[401][402][403] It was removed under police guard on December 20, 2017.[234]
Nathan Bedford Forrest Monument commissioned 1901, dedicated 1905, was installed thanks in part to Judge Thomas J. Latham's wife.[404] It was located in the former Nathan Bedford Forrest Park, renamed Health Sciences Park in 2015. Memphis City Council officials were unanimous in seeking to have the statues removed, but were blocked by the Tennessee Historical Commission under the Tennessee Heritage Protection Act. After exploring legal remedies,[402] the city of Memphis decided to sell the two parks to a new non-profit, Memphis Greenspace, whose president was a county commissioner, for $1,000 each. Memphis Greenspace removed the statue, under police guard, the same day, December 20, 2017.[234][401][402][405] The Sons of Confederate Veterans sued the city,[406] but their suit was unsuccessful.[407] In June 2021, Forrest's and his wife's remains began to be removed from Health Sciences Park to be reinterred on private land.[408]
Statue of J. Harvey Mathes, Confederate Captain, removed December 20, 2017.[409]
Forrest Hall (ROTC building), Middle Tennessee State University: In 2006, the frieze depicting General Forrest on horseback that had adorned the side of this building was removed amid protests, but a major push to change its name failed. Also, the university's Blue Raiders' athletic mascot was changed to a pegasus from a cavalier, in order to avoid association with General Forrest.[410]: 605
Confederate Memorial Hall, Vanderbilt University, was renamed Memorial Hall on August 15, 2016. Since the building "was built on the back of a $50,000 donation from the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1933", the university returned to them its 2017 equivalent, $1.2 million.[411] "Michael Schoenfeld, Vanderbilt's vice chancellor for public affairs, said he and other university officials had gotten death threats over his school's decision."[412]
Confederate flags were removed from the Chapel in the mid-1990s "reportedly to improve acoustics".[416]
A portrait of Leonidas Polk was moved from Convocation Hall to Archives and Special Collections in 2015. However "two other portraits of Polk currently hang in different locations on campus. One can easily find Polk's image and influence all over Sewanee."[417]
Kirby-Smith Monument (1940). Smith was, after the war, a Sewanee professor of botany and mathematics. Plinth marked with "Elevate People of Color" and "Elevate Women" in 2018. Removed to Graveyard in 2018, at request of Smith's descendants.[418]
Six Flags Over Texas theme park: In August 2017, it removed the Stars and Bars Confederate Flag, after flying it for 56 years with the other flags that have flown over Texas. In the 1990s, the park renamed the Confederacy section the Old South section and removed all Confederate battle flags.[419]
The Texas Confederate Museum closed in 1988. Opened in 1903 in a room on the first floor of the Capital, it moved in 1920 to the adjacent Old Land Office Building, where it remained until 1998, much longer than the building had been used by the Land Office. When the building was vacated for renovation, the Museum was not permitted to return. (The building is now the Capital Visitors Center.) It never reopened as it never found another home. Its collections are now divided between the Haley Memorial Library and History Center in Midland and the Texas Civil War Museum in White Settlement, a suburb of Fort Worth.
Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1939) was renamed for local photographer Russell Lee in 2016.[426] He was a prominent photographer with the Farm Security Administration and the first Professor of Photography at the University of Texas.
Jeff Davis Avenue. The Austin City Council voted unanimously to rename the street for William Holland, born a slave, an educator who served one term in the Texas Legislature and became a Travis County commissioner.[428]
Robert E. Lee Road. The Austin City Council voted unanimously to rename the street, whose signs had been defaced, for Azie Morton, the only African American to hold the office of Treasurer of the United States.[428]
In May 2015, the student government at the University of Texas at Austin voted almost unanimously to remove a statue of Jefferson Davis that had been erected on the campus's South Mall.[429][430] Beginning shortly after the Charleston church shooting of June 2015, "black lives matter" was written repeatedly in bold red letters on the base of the statue. Previous messages had included "Davis must fall" and "Liberate U.T." (the University of Texas).[431] The University of Texas officials convened a task force to determine whether to honor the students' petition for removal of the statue. Acting on the strong recommendation of the task force, UT's President Gregory L. Fenves announced on August 13, 2015, that the statue would be moved to serve as an educational exhibit in the university's Dolph Briscoe Center for American History museum.[432] He said: "it is not in the university's best interest to continue commemorating him [Davis] on our Main Mall."[433] Legal action by the Sons of Confederate Veterans was unsuccessful.[433] The statue was removed on August 30, 2015.[434]
After the removal of the Jefferson Davis statue in 2015, there were four remaining Confederate statues left on the South Mall at the University of Texas, portraying Generals Robert E. Lee and Albert Sidney Johnston, and Confederate Postmaster John H. Reagan. They were dedicated in 1933. On August 20–21, 2017, the university removed the three Confederate statues from the Austin campus grounds and moved them to a museum.[435][436] The decision was inspired by the Unite the Right rally on August 10–11 in Charlottesville.[437] At the same time, a statue of Texas Governor Jim Hogg was also removed, although he had no direct link with the Confederacy. In 2018, it was announced that it would be reinstalled at a different location.[438]
IDEA Allan School, a charter school, was renamed IDEA Montopolis in 2018. It had been named for Confederate Army officer John T. Allan. Four other related properties in Austin are being similarly renamed.[439]
In 2019, Lanier High School was renamed Navarro High School to honor 2007 graduate Juan Navarro, a U.S. Army officer killed in Afghanistan. Sidney Lanier, the "poet of the Confederacy",[440] served as a private in the CSA.[441]
Empty slab after the Confederate War Memorial monument was removed in 2020
Removal of the Confederate War Memorial in Dallas was approved by the Dallas City Council in February 2019,[442] but a citizens' group filed lawsuits, and the planned removal was blocked indefinitely later that year by the Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas.[443] On June 11, 2020, the city filed an emergency motion for immediate permission to remove the monument, citing possible serious injury to protesters if the monument were to be toppled during a planned rally at the site.[444] It was removed on June 24, 2020.[445]
In 2016, the John B. Hood Middle School renamed itself, with the concurrence of the Dallas Independent School District Board of Trustees, as the Piedmont Global Academy.[290]
The Robert E. Lee statue in Lee Park along Turtle Creek Boulevard, dedicated in 1936 to celebrate the Texas Centennial Exposition, was removed on September 14, 2017, after the City Council voted 13–1 in favor of removal.[446][447][448] The city considered lending it to the Texas Civil War Museum in White Settlement, the only local institution willing to accept it, but declined because it would not be displayed in a historical context the Dallas City Commission found acceptable.[449] In June 2019, the city sold it in an online auction for $1,435,000, on condition that it not be displayed in the Dallas–Fort Worth area.[47]
Robert E. Lee Elementary School was renamed Geneva Heights Elementary School in 2018.[451]
Robert E. Lee Park: The park was temporarily renamed "Oak Lawn Park" until a permanent name can be approved.[452][453]
Lee, Gano (Richard Montgomery Gano), Stonewall, Beauregard, and Cabell (William Lewis Cabell, mayor of Dallas) streets are currently named for Confederate generals. They will be renamed at a future date.[454]
Granite marker remembering a violent east Texas Ku Klux Klansman, Confederate Brig. Gen. H.P. "Hinchie" Mabry. Removed on August 18, 2017, and given to the Texas Civil War Museum.[455]
South Garland High School removed various Confederate symbols in 2015. A floor tile mosaic donated by the Class of 1968 and a granite sign in front of the school were replaced. Both had incorporated the Confederate flag, which was part of the school's original coat of arms. In addition, the district has dropped "Dixie" as the tune for the school fight song.[456] The school changed its Colonel mascot's uniform from Confederate gray to red and blue in 1991.[457]
Dowling Street. Named for Confederate commander Richard W. Dowling. Renamed Emancipation Avenue in 2017. The street leads to Emancipation Park. The site originally was the only municipal park available to blacks, who pooled their money in 1872 to buy the property to celebrate their freedom.[458]
In 2016, Jackson Middle School was renamed for Hispanic community activist Yolanda Black Navarro.[459]
Lee High School (1962). Originally known as Robert E. Lee High School, district leaders dropped the "Robert E." from the school's title to distance the school from the Confederate general.[460] School officials changed the name to Margaret Long Wisdom High School in 2016.[459]
Westbury High School changed the nickname of its athletic teams from the "Rebels" to the "Huskies."[461]
Robert E. Lee High School renamed LEE (Legacy of Education Excellence) High School, reportedly to preserve the school's history and minimize the expense of renaming, in 2017.[290]
South Burlington High School Confederate themed Captain Rebel mascot (1961), use of the Confederate Battle Flag, and playing of Dixie almost immediately sparked controversy during the Civil Rights era and every decade since. The school board voted to retain the name in 2015 but to change it in 2017. "The Rebel Alliance", a community group opposed to changing the mascot has led two successful efforts to defeat the school budget in public votes as a protest.[472][473] The students choose the "Wolves" and rebranding is proceeding.[474]
Lee-Jackson Day (January 17) was last celebrated in 2020. On February 6, 2020, Virginia passed legislation ending celebration of Lee-Jackson day: a state holiday commemorating Robert E Lee and Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson.[476] The holiday was replaced with Election Day and signed into law by Virginia Governor Ralph Northam.[477]
In 2017, a portrait of Robert E. Lee (born in Alexandria) that hung in the City Council chambers was moved to the Lyceum, a local history museum.[478]
In 2017, the Vestry of Christ Church (Alexandria) voted unanimously to remove from the sanctuary plaques honoring Washington and Lee, placed there just after Lee's death in 1870, saying they "make some in our presence feel unsafe or unwelcome."[479]
In 2017, "[a] hotel on King Street removed a plaque that had been bolted to the wall of the building for decades and gave an incomplete account of the first war-related deaths after the Union invaded Alexandria on May 24, 1861. The marker, posted in 1929 by the Sons and Daughters of Confederate Veterans, memorialized the first Southerner killed by the Union, belying the fact that he had first shot and killed a Northern colonel on the property."[478]
In 2020, the Appomattox statue (1899) was removed. Dedicated to the Confederate dead and placed in the middle of the intersection of Washington and Prince Streets, in 2016 the mayor and city council voted unanimously for it to be moved to a museum.[480] The statue was removed and put into storage in June 2020 by its owners, the United Daughters of the Confederacy.[481]
Jefferson Davis Highway (U.S. 1) was renamed Richmond Highway in 2019.[482]
Arlington County announced in December 2020 that Robert E. Lee's former home, Arlington House, was being removed from its icon and seal, "primarily because it was built by enslaved people and later owned by Lee, who led the Confederate Army during the Civil War."[483]
Lee Park, the setting for an equestrian statue of Robert E. Lee, was renamed Emancipation Park on February 6, 2017. In July 2018 it was renamed again, to Market Street Park.
On February 6, 2017, the Charlottesville City Council also voted to remove the equestrian statue of Lee. In April, the City Council voted to sell the statue. In May a six-month court injunction staying the removal was issued as a result of legal action by the Sons of Confederate Veterans and others.[486][487] The prospect of removal, as well as the park renaming, brought numerous white supremacists, neo-Nazis, and other alt-right figures to the Unite the Right rally of August 2017, in which there were three fatalities. In June 2016 the pedestal had been spray painted with the words "Black Lives Matter",[488] and overnight between July 7 and 8, 2017, it was vandalized by being daubed in red paint.[489] On August 20, 2017, the City Council unanimously voted to shroud the statue, and that of Stonewall Jackson, in black. The Council "also decided to direct the city manager to take an administrative step that would make it easier to eventually remove the Jackson statue."[490] The statues were covered in black shrouds on August 23, 2017.[491] By order of a judge, the shrouds were removed in February 2018. After enabling legislation was signed by Governor Ralph Northam in April 2020,[492] and following a 2021 Virginia Supreme Court ruling against opponents of removal,[493] the Lee statue was removed on July 11, 2021.[494] The statue was melted down in October 2023.[495]
On September 6, 2017, the city council voted to remove a statue of Confederate Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson from Emancipation Park.[496] The statue was removed on July 11, 2021.[494]
Jackson Park, named for Stonewall Jackson, was renamed Justice Park.[497] In July 2018, it was renamed a second time, to Court Square Park.Albemarle County Courthouse and Confederate monument, 2010
The University of Virginia Board of Visitors (trustees) voted unanimously to remove two plaques from the university's Rotunda that honored students and alumni who fought and died for the Confederacy in the Civil War. The University also agreed "to acknowledge a $1,000 gift in 1921 from the Ku Klux Klan and contribute the amount, adjusted for inflation, to a suitable cause."[498]
On September 12, 2020, At Ready, a statue of a Confederate soldier in front of the Albemarle County courthouse in Charlottesville, where it had stood since 1909, was taken down after a unanimous vote of the Albemarle County Board of Supervisors. A cannon and pyramid of cannonballs were also removed.[499]
Major amusement park Kings Dominion operated the popular "Rebel Yell" roller coaster from the park's 1975 opening until 2017. The ride's name referenced the "Rebel yell", a battle cry used by Confederate soldiers during the Civil War. On February 2, 2018, the park announced that the attraction would be renamed to "Racer 75" beginning in the 2018 season, although Kings Dominion did not comment on the relationship between the name change and the previous name's Confederate roots in its press release.[500]
A generic "Johnny Reb" statue and its base, referring to "Confederate Dead", were removed from in front of the former Isle of Wight County Courthouse on May 8, 2021.[507][508]
The statue of a Confederate private soldier, named the "Silent Sentinel", was removed from the grounds of the Loudoun County Courthouse on July 21, 2020 and returned to the United Daughters of the Confederacy.[509][510]
In 2011, the City Council passed an ordinance to ban the flying of flags other than the United States flag, the Virginia Flag, and an as-yet-undesigned city flag on city light poles. Various flags of the Confederacy had previously been flown on city light poles to commemorate the Virginia holiday Lee–Jackson Day, which was formerly observed on the Friday before Martin Luther King, Jr. Day.[511] About 300 Confederate flag supporters, including members of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, rallied before the City Council meeting,[512] and after the vote the Sons of Confederate Veterans vowed to challenge the new local ordinance in court.[511] Court challenges have not been successful and the ordinance remains in effect. The city tried to prevent individuals from flying Confederate flags on their own property, but a 1993 federal injunction blocked effort.[512]
Close to Lee Chapel is the older Grace Episcopal Church, where Lee attended. In 1903 the church was renamed the R. E. Lee Memorial Church. In 2017, the church changed its name back to Grace Episcopal Church.[515][516]
On September 3, 2020, the Lexington City Council voted to rename Stonewall Jackson Cemetery to Oak Grove Cemetery. Jackson is buried in the cemetery.[517]
Virginia Military Institute (VMI) removed a statue of Confederate General Stonewall Jackson, a former VMI professor, on December 7, 2020. The statue is to be moved to a Civil War museum on a battlefield where VMI cadets and alumni were killed or wounded.[518]
In 2020, the city removed the statue atop the Norfolk Confederate Monument (1907) and put it into storage, pending the dismantling of the rest of the monument.[521]
In June 2020 the City of Norfolk removed the long standing historical marker commemorating Father Abram Ryan "The Poet Priest of the Confederacy" which had stood on the corner of Tidewater and Lafayette Boulevard for 85 years.
Petersburg: Three schools were renamed effective July 1, 2018.[522] A $20,000 private donation covered the costs.[523][524]
A.P. Hill Elementary became Cool Spring Elementary
Robert E. Lee Elementary became Lakemont Elementary
J.E.B. Stuart Elementary became Pleasants Lane Elementary.
The Confederate Monument, located in the town square. Local politicians had been contemplating the fate of the monument since 2015, in 2017 the town's mayor announced that it would be moved to a cemetery, and in 2018 courts were involved to determine who owned it. In June 2020, protesters beheaded several of the statues and tore one down, injuring a man in the process. The city covered up the monument as they tried to figure out if, and when, they could move the remainder.[525][526][527]
The removed statues on Monument Avenue, Richmond, clockwise from top left: Stonewall Jackson, Matthew Fontaine Maury, J. E. B. Stuart and Jefferson Davis.
Defaced Lee Monument, Richmond, before removal in 2021
In February 2000, the City Council voted to change the names of the J. E. B. Stuart and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson bridges, which cross the James River, to the names of Samuel Tucker and Curtis Holt, two local notables in the civil rights movement.[528]
In 2018, J.E.B. Stuart Elementary School (1922) was renamed Barack Obama Elementary School in 2018.[529][524]
On July 8, 2020, the statue on top of the Confederate Soldiers and Sailors memorial in the Libby Hill district was removed by the city.[538]
Busts of Robert E. Lee and eight other Confederate leaders were removed from the Old House Chamber in the Virginia State Capitol building on July 23, 2020.[504]
A statue of Lieutenant General A. P. Hill was taken down from the center of the Laburnum Avenue and Hermitage Road intersection on December 12, 2022, by the City of Richmond, completing the removal of statues of Confederate officers in the former capital of the Confederacy[539]
Pickett Bridge, commemorating an earlier wooden bridge erected by US Army Capt. Pickett over Whatcom Creek. Sign erected in 1920, was removed August 18, 2017, along with signs leading to Pickett House.[543] Signs leading to Pickett House were put back up September 2017.[544]
Jefferson Davis Highway marker from Blaine
Blaine:
A stone marker at the northernmost end of the state designating Highway 99 the "Jeff Davis Highway" was erected in the 1930s by the Daughters of the Confederacy, with State approval. It was removed in 2002 through the efforts of State Representative Hans Dunshee and city officials, and after it was discovered that the highway was never officially designated to memorialize Davis by the State.[545] The marker stone was moved to Jefferson Davis Park, a private park operated by the Sons of Confederate Veterans just outside Ridgefield right beside I-5.[546]
In 1998, officials of the city of Vancouver, Washington, removed a marker of the Jefferson Davis Highway (formerly U.S. Route 99) and placed it in a cemetery shed. This action later became controversial when the issues surrounding the Blaine marker were being discussed in the state legislature in 2002.[552] The marker was subsequently moved twice more, to eventually be placed alongside Interstate 5 on private land purchased for the purpose of giving this marker a permanent home in 2007.[553][554]
Seattle:
The Robert E. Lee Tree was one of many trees in Seattle's Ravenna Park dedicated to persons of note. The tree and plaque were removed in 1926.[555][556]
The United Confederate Veterans Memorial was a Confederate monument in Seattle's privately-owned Lake View Cemetery. The monument was toppled by unknown persons, apparently on July 3, 2020, after weeks of protests in the city following the murder of George Floyd in Minnesota.[557]
Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1955). The school district rejected a name change in 2015,[558] and again in 2017.[559] In 2018 it voted to change the name to Lee Elementary School.[560]
West Virginiaedit
Charles Town: It was in Charles Town, in the Jefferson County Courthouse, that abolitionistJohn Brown was tried; he was hanged nearby.[561] In 1986, the UDC, who oppose memorials to John Brown, erected at the entrance to the Jefferson County Courthouse a bronze plaque "in honor and memory of the Confederate soldiers of Jefferson County, who served in the War Between the States". The local newspaper, Spirit of Jefferson, and a group of local African Americans called for its removal.[562] On September 7, 2017, the Jefferson County Commission voted 5–0 to let the plaque be.[563] The group Women's March West Virginia attended each County Commission meeting holding signs that say "Remove the plaque".[564] After the 2018 elections, the composition of the County Commission changed; the plaque was the main issue in the election. On December 6, 2018, the Commission voted 3–2 to remove the plaque, and it was removed December 7,[565] and returned to the UDC.[566]
In 2015, a flag pole was removed from the section. The pole had been used to fly the Confederate flag for one week around Memorial Day.[567][568]
In August 2017, Madison mayor Paul Soglin ordered the removal of a plaque and a larger stone monument, erected in 1906 with UDC funding.[569] The plaque, which referred to the interred Confederates as "valiant Confederate soldiers" and "unsung heroes", was removed on August 17, 2017.[567][570][571][572][573] Removal of the stone monument, which contains the names of the soldiers buried there, did not take place immediately because of legal challenges and logistical concerns. On October 2, 2018, the Madison City Council voted 16–2 for its removal, overruling a Landmark Commission's recommendation that it stay.[569]
In January 2019, a stone cenotaph etched with the names of Confederate 140 prisoners of war was removed from the cemetery by the Madison Parks Department and transferred to storage at the Wisconsin Veterans Museum.[574]
In 1957, the United Daughters of the Confederacy had a plaque installed on the outer wall of a Hudson's Bay Company store, commemorating Jefferson Davis's brief stay in the city; the plaque was removed following the Charlottesville Unite the Right rally of August 2017, in response to public complaints.[576][577]
When it was built in 1958, the Tallahassee Community School was named after the Confederate cruiserCSS Tallahassee, which a local pilot had guided around nearby Lawlor Island in August 1864 to avoid Union warships rumored to be monitoring the main entrance to Halifax Harbour. Although nominally a reference to the pilot's navigational feat, the name grew controversial due to the Confederacy's support of slavery, and the school was renamed Horizon Elementary School in March 2021.[578]
^This chart is based on data from an SPLC survey which identified "1,503 publicly sponsored symbols honoring Confederate leaders, soldiers or the Confederate States of America in general." The survey excluded "nearly 2,600 markers, battlefields, museums, cemeteries and other places or symbols that are largely historical in nature."[2]
^Graham (2016) "Many of the treasured monuments that seem to offer a connection to the post-bellum South are actually much later, anachronistic constructions, and they tend to correlate closely with periods of fraught racial relations".[19]
^Graham (2016) "A timeline of the genesis of the Confederate sites shows two notable spikes. One comes around the turn of the 20th century, just after Plessy v. Ferguson, and just as many Southern states were establishing repressive race laws. The second runs from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s—the peak of the civil-rights movement."[12][19]
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^{{cite news Very respectfully, your obedient servant, R. E. Lee. (Charleston Courier, September 2, 1869)}}
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February 16, 2024
removal, confederate, monuments, memorials, also, list, monuments, memorials, removed, during, george, floyd, protests, list, monument, memorial, controversies, united, states, list, confederate, monuments, memorials, more, than, monuments, memorials, confeder. See also List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests List of monument and memorial controversies in the United States and List of Confederate monuments and memorials More than 160 monuments and memorials to the Confederate States of America CSA the Confederacy and associated figures have been removed from public spaces in the United States all but five since 2015 1 Some have been removed by state and local governments others have been torn down by protestors The Robert E Lee monument in New Orleans Louisiana is taken down on May 19 2017 Contents 1 Background 2 Academic commentary 3 History 4 Legal impediments 4 1 Tennessee law 4 2 South Carolina law 4 3 North Carolina law 4 4 Virginia law 4 5 Alabama law 4 6 Unsuccessful federal legislation 5 Vestigial pedestals 6 List of removals 6 1 National 6 2 Alabama 6 3 Alaska 6 4 Arizona 6 5 Arkansas 6 6 California 6 7 District of Columbia 6 8 Florida 6 9 Georgia 6 10 Indiana 6 11 Kansas 6 12 Kentucky 6 13 Louisiana 6 14 Maine 6 15 Maryland 6 16 Massachusetts 6 17 Michigan 6 18 Mississippi 6 19 Missouri 6 20 Montana 6 21 Nevada 6 22 New Mexico 6 23 New York 6 24 North Carolina 6 25 Ohio 6 26 Oklahoma 6 27 Pennsylvania 6 28 South Carolina 6 29 Tennessee 6 30 Texas 6 31 Utah 6 32 Vermont 6 33 Virginia 6 34 Washington state 6 35 West Virginia 6 36 Wisconsin 6 37 Brazil 6 38 Canada 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References 10 Further reading arranged by date 10 1 Videos 11 External links More than 700 such monuments and memorials have been created on public land the vast majority in the South during the era of Jim Crow laws from 1877 to 1964 2 Efforts to remove them increased after the Charleston church shooting in 2015 the Unite the Right rally in 2017 and the murder of George Floyd in 2020 3 4 5 Proponents of their removal cite historical analysis that the monuments were not built as memorials but to intimidate African Americans and reaffirm white supremacy after the Civil War 6 7 8 9 and that they memorialize an unrecognized treasonous 10 11 government the Confederacy whose founding principle was the perpetuation and expansion of slavery They also argue that the presence of these memorials more than a hundred years after the defeat of the Confederacy continues to disenfranchise and alienate African Americans 12 13 14 15 16 Opponents view removing the monuments as erasing history or a sign of disrespect for heritage white nationalists and neo Nazis in particular have mounted protests and opposition to the removals Some Southern states passed state laws restricting or prohibiting the removal or alteration of public monuments 17 By The Washington Post s count five Confederate monuments were removed between 1865 and 2014 eight in the two years after the 2015 Charleston church shooting 48 in the three years after the 2017 Unite the Right rally and 110 in the two years after Floyd s 2020 murder 1 In 2022 Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said he would order the renaming of U S military bases named for Confederate generals as well as other Defense Department property that honored Confederates 18 The campaign to remove monuments extended beyond the United States numerous statues and other public works of art related to the transatlantic slave trade and European colonialism around the world have been removed or destroyed Background editSee also Lost Cause of the Confederacy nbsp Chart of public symbols of the Confederacy and its leaders as surveyed by the Southern Poverty Law Center by year of establishment note 1 Most of the Confederate monuments on public land were built in periods of racial conflict such as when Jim Crow laws were being introduced in the late 19th century and at the start of the 20th century or during the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s note 2 note 3 These two periods also coincided with the 50th and 100th year after the end of the Civil War including the American Civil War Centennial 2 The peak in construction of Civil War monuments occurred between the late 1890s up to 1920 with a second smaller peak in the late 1950s to mid 1960s 2 Academic commentary editIn an August 2017 statement on the monuments controversy the American Historical Association AHA said that to remove a monument is not to erase history but rather to alter or call attention to a previous interpretation of history The AHA said that most monuments were erected without anything resembling a democratic process and recommended that it was time to reconsider these decisions Most Confederate monuments were erected during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and this undertaking was part and parcel of the initiation of legally mandated segregation and widespread disenfranchisement across the South Memorials to the Confederacy erected during this period were intended in part to obscure the terrorism required to overthrow Reconstruction and to intimidate African Americans politically and isolate them from the mainstream of public life A later wave of monument building coincided with the civil rights movement and according to the AHA these symbols of white supremacy are still being invoked for similar purposes 20 Michael J McAfee curator of history at the West Point Museum said There are no monuments that mention the name Benedict Arnold What does this have to do with the Southern monuments honoring the political and military leaders of the Confederacy They like Arnold were traitors They turned their backs on their nation their oaths and the sacrifices of their ancestors in the War for Independence They attempted to destroy their nation to defend chattel slavery and from a sense that as white men they were innately superior to all other races They fought for white racial supremacy That is why monuments glorifying them and their cause should be removed Leave monuments marking their participation on the battlefields of the war but tear down those that only commemorate the intolerance violence and hate that inspired their attempt to destroy the American nation 21 University of Chicago historian Jane Dailey wrote that in many cases the purpose of the monuments was not to celebrate the past but rather to promote a white supremacist future 22 Civil War historian Judith Giesberg professor of history at Villanova University agrees White supremacy is really what these statues represent 23 Historian Karyn Cox of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte has written that the monuments are a legacy of the brutally racist Jim Crow era 24 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill historian James Leloudis wrote The funders and backers of these monuments are very explicit that they are requiring a political education and a legitimacy for the Jim Crow era and the right of white men to rule 25 Adam Goodheart Civil War author and director of the Starr Center at Washington College told National Geographic They re 20th century artifacts in the sense that a lot of it had to do with a vision of national unity that embraced Southerners as well as Northerners but importantly still excluded black people 12 Goodheart said that the statues were meant to be symbols of white supremacy and the rallying around them by white supremacists will likely hasten their demise 26 Eleanor Harvey a senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art Museum and a scholar of Civil War history said If white nationalists and neo Nazis are now claiming this as part of their heritage they have essentially co opted those images and those statues beyond any capacity to neutralize them again 12 Elijah Anderson a professor of sociology at Yale University said the statues continued existence really impacts the psyche of black people 27 Harold Holzer the director of the Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College argued that this was intentional the statues were designed to belittle African Americans 28 Dell Upton chair of the Department of Art History at the University of California Los Angeles wrote that the monuments were not intended as public art but rather were installed as affirmations that the American polity was a white polity and that because of their explicitly white supremacist intent their removal from civic spaces was a matter of justice equity and civic values 8 Civil War historian David Blight asked Why in the year 2016 should communal spaces in the South continue to be sullied by tributes to those who defended slavery How can Americans ignore the pain that black citizens especially must feel when they walk by the John C Calhoun monument or any similar statues on their way to work school or Bible study 29 In a 1993 book on the issue in Georgia author Frank McKenney argued otherwise These monuments were communal efforts public art and social history he wrote 30 Ex soldiers and politicians had difficult time raising funds to erect monuments so the task mostly fell to the women the mothers widows and orphans the bereaved fiancees and sisters of the soldiers who had lost their lives 31 Many ladies memorial associations were formed in the decades following the end of the Civil War most of them joining the United Daughters of the Confederacy following its inception in 1894 The women were advised to remember that they were buying art not metal and stone 32 Cheryl Benard president of the Alliance for the Restoration of Cultural Heritage 33 argued against the removal of Confederate war monuments in an op ed written for The National Interest From my vantage point the idea that the way to deal with history is to destroy any relics that remind you of something you don t like is highly alarming 34 Civil War historian James I Robertson Jr said that the monuments were not a Jim Crow signal of defiance He called the current climate to dismantle or destroy Confederate monuments as an age of idiocy motivated by elements hell bent on tearing apart unity that generations of Americans have painfully constructed 35 But Upton argues that the monuments celebrated only one side of the story one that was openly pro Confederate The monuments were erected without the consent or even input of Southern African Americans who remembered the Civil War far differently and who had no interest in honoring those who fought to keep them enslaved 8 Robert Seigler who documented more than 170 Confederate monuments in South Carolina found only five dedicated to the African Americans who had been used by the Confederacy to build fortifications or had served as musicians teamsters cooks servants and in other capacities Four of those were to slaves and one to a musician Henry Brown 36 Alfred Brophy a professor of law at the University of Alabama argued the removal of the Confederate statues facilitates forgetting although these statues were re inscribed images of white supremacy Brophy said that the Lee statue in Charlottesville should be removed 27 Julian Hayter a historian at the University of Richmond supports a different approach for the statues re contextualization He supports adding a footnote of epic proportions such as a prominent historical sign or marker that explains the context in which they were built to help people see old monuments in a new light I m suggesting we use the scale and grandeur of those monuments against themselves I think we lack imagination when we talk about memorials It s all or nothin As if there s nothin in between that we could do to tell a more enriching story about American history 37 38 History edit nbsp Planned removal of the Robert Edward Lee Sculpture in Charlottesville Va sparked protests and counter protests resulting in three deaths 39 Just five Confederate memorials were removed in the century and a half after the Civil War The modern effort to remove them was sparked by the Charleston church shooting of 2015 In the two years that followed eight memorials were removed In the city of New Orleans a crane had to be brought in from an unidentified out of state company as no local company wanted the business 40 The removal movement was further galvanized by the August 2017 Unite the Right rally which gathered in Charlottesville Virginia to protest the proposed removal of its Robert Edward Lee statue 41 The rally saw deadly violence and the public display of white supremacist symbols Within days other cities moved to remove similar memorials In Baltimore for example the city s Confederate statues were removed on the night of August 15 16 2017 Mayor Catherine Pugh said that she ordered the overnight removals to preserve public safety 42 43 Similarly in Lexington Kentucky Mayor Jim Gray asked the city council on August 16 2017 to approve the removal of two statues from a courthouse 44 45 Within three years of the Charleston shooting at least 114 Confederate monuments were removed from public spaces according to the Southern Poverty Law Center which published an extensive report in 2016 of Confederate memorials in public spaces 2 and keeps an up to date list online 46 47 Texas removed 31 more than any other state 48 A 2017 Reuters poll found that 54 of American adults stated that the monuments should remain in all public spaces and 27 said they should be removed while 19 said they were unsure According to Reuters responses to the poll were sharply split along racial and party lines however with whites and Republicans largely supportive of preservation Democrats and minorities were more likely to support removal 49 50 Another 2017 poll by HuffPost YouGov found that 48 of respondents favored the remain option 33 favored removal and 18 were unsure 51 52 An NPR PBS NewsHour Marist Poll released in 2017 found that most Americans including 44 of African Americans believe that statues honoring leaders of the Confederacy should remain in place 53 In 2017 Jason Spencer a white member of the Georgia legislature told an African American colleague that if she continued calling for removal of Confederate monuments she wouldn t be met with torches but something a lot more definitive and that people who want the statues gone will go missing in the Okefenokee Don t say I didn t warn you 54 55 Various groups of proponents met March 22 24 2018 in New Orleans to commemorate celebrate and strategically align Take Em Down efforts A second such conference was held March 22 24 2019 in Jacksonville Florida 56 In April 2020 a study found that Confederate monuments were more likely to be removed in localities that had a large black and Democratic population a chapter of the NAACP and Southern state legislatures that have the power to decree removal 57 Public support for removal increased during the George Floyd protests with 52 in favor of removal and 44 opposed 58 59 Most of the removals have been undertaken by state and local governments while a relative few memorials were pulled down by protestors For example the bust of Robert E Lee in Fort Myers Florida was toppled by unknown parties during the night of March 11 12 2019 At least three were demolished by protestors in states that had passed laws to make it more difficult to legally remove them Silent Sam in Chapel Hill North Carolina the Confederate Soldiers Monument in Durham North Carolina and the Screven County Confederate Dead Monument in Sylvania Georgia The latter two were damaged beyond repair while Silent Sam which was not seriously damaged was placed in storage awaiting a political decision on its fate The Confederate Dead Monument was replaced through funds raised by the Sons of Confederate Veterans and the United Daughters of the Confederacy 60 Years Removals 1 1865 2009 22009 2014 32015 after Charleston church shooting 42016 42017 year of the Unite the Right rally 362018 82019 42020 after murder of George Floyd 94 61 2021 16 62 2022 48 63 Legal impediments editSeven states have passed laws that impede or forbid the removal or alteration of public Confederate monuments Laws in Georgia early 20th century 64 North Carolina 2015 65 and Alabama 2017 66 prohibit removal or alteration 67 Laws in South Carolina 2000 Mississippi 2004 and Tennessee 2013 updated 2016 impede such actions A 1902 law in Virginia was repealed in 2020 other attempts to repeal state laws have not been successful Tennessee law edit In 2016 Tennessee passed its Tennessee Heritage Protection Act which requires a two thirds majority of the Tennessee Historical Commission to rename remove or move any public statue monument or memorial 68 A 2018 amendment passed in response to events in Memphis see below prohibits municipalities from selling or transferring ownership of memorials without a waiver and allows any entity group or individual with an interest in a Confederate memorial to seek an injunction to preserve the memorial in question 69 The New York Times wrote in 2018 that the Tennessee act shows an express intent to prevent municipalities in Tennessee from taking down Confederate memorials 70 As of 2022 the Tennessee Historical Commission has considered seven petitions to remove a Confederate monument and approved just one for the Forrest bust in the state capitol 71 South Carolina law edit The removal of the Confederate flag from the South Carolina capitol required a two thirds vote of both houses of the legislature as would the removal of any other Confederate monument in South Carolina 72 North Carolina law edit A state law the Cultural History Artifact Management and Patriotism Act of 2015 73 74 prevents local governments from removing monuments on public property and places limits on their movement within the property 75 In August 2017 Governor Roy Cooper asked the North Carolina Legislature to repeal the law writing I don t pretend to know what it s like for a person of color to pass by one of these monuments and consider that those memorialized in stone and metal did not value my freedom or humanity Unlike an African American father I ll never have to explain to my daughters why there exists an exalted monument for those who wished to keep her and her ancestors in chains We cannot continue to glorify a war against the United States of America fought in the defense of slavery These monuments should come down He also asked the Department of Natural and Cultural Resources to determine the cost and logistics of removing Confederate monuments from state property 76 77 78 79 Cooper later removed on the grounds of public safety three Confederate monuments at the North Carolina Capitol that the legislature had in effect made illegal to remove After the University of North Carolina renamed Saunders Hall in 2014 see below its Board of Trustees prohibited further renamings for 16 years 80 In 2019 North Carolina s law prohibiting monument removal was challenged indirectly The Confederate Soldiers Monument in Winston Salem was removed as a public nuisance and a similar monument in Pittsboro was removed after a court ruled that it had never become county property so the statute did not apply 81 Virginia law edit On March 8 2020 the Virginia legislature passed measures that would undo an existing state law that protects the monuments and instead let local governments decide their fate 82 On April 11 2020 Governor Ralph Northam signed the bill into law 83 which went into effect on July 1 Previously the state law had prohibited local governments from taking the monuments down moving them or even adding placards explaining why they were erected 84 Alabama law edit Alabama s law the Alabama Memorial Preservation Act was passed in May 2017 On January 14 2019 a circuit judge ruled that the law is an un Constitutional infringement on the City of Birmingham s right to free speech and cannot be enforced 85 86 On November 27 2019 the Alabama Supreme Court reversed that ruling by a vote of nine to zero In their decision the court stated that a municipality has no individual substantive constitutional rights and that the trial court erred by holding that the City has constitutional rights to free speech 87 88 Unsuccessful federal legislation edit On July 22 2020 amid the George Floyd protests the U S House of Representatives voted 305 113 to remove a bust of Chief Justice Roger B Taney from the old robing room next to the Old Supreme Court Chamber in the Capitol Building The bill H R 7573 89 would also have removed statues honoring Confederate figures and create a process to obtain a bust of Justice Thurgood Marshall and place it there within a minimum of two years 90 The bill reached the Republican led Senate on July 30 2020 S 4382 and was referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration which took no further action on it 91 Vestigial pedestals editThe empty pedestals or plinths left after monument removal have met various fates In Baltimore one of the four empty plinths was used in 2017 for a statue of a pregnant black woman naked from the waist up holding a baby in a brightly covered sling on her back with a raised golden fist Madre Luz Mother Light The statue was first placed in front of the monument before its removal then raised to the pedestal Artist Pablo Machioli said his original idea was to construct a pregnant mother as a symbol of life I feel like people would understand and respect that The statue was vandalized several times before it was removed by the city 92 93 For the toppled Silent Sam monument at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill two scholars proposed leaving the empty pedestal shorn all original images and inscriptions which eliminates the offending tribute while still preserving a record of what these communities did and where they did it The most effective way to commemorate the rise and fall of white supremacist monument building is to preserve unoccupied pedestals as the ruins that they are broken tributes to a morally bankrupt cause 94 Instead the plinth and its plaques were removed on January 14 2019 at the direction of university Chancellor Carol Folt The plinths of the statues in Richmond Virginia were removed in 2022 95 In some of Richmond s Monument Avenue intersections the spotlights remain pointed upward toward now empty space List of removals editThis is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources National edit In 2000 the U S Army renamed Forrest Road at Fort Bliss after receiving complaints The road was renamed Cassidy Road after Lt Gen Richard T Cassidy a former post commander 96 In February 2020 the commandant of the Marine Corps General David H Berger ordered the removal of all Confederate related paraphernalia from Marine Corps installations including Confederate flags bumper stickers and similar items 97 The U S Navy has similarly prohibited the display of the Confederate flag including as bumper stickers on private cars on base a wave of corporate product re branding has also ensued In 2021 Congress ordered the Defense Department to establish a commission to consider whether to rename various bases ships buildings streets and other things named to honor Confederate figures In 2022 this Naming Commission recommended changing the names of nine Army bases two Navy ships and other items 98 Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin pledged to follow the commission s recommendations 18 In May 2022 the first part of the Naming Commission s report recommended changing the names of nine Army bases Fort Benning Georgia was renamed Fort Moore in honor of Lt Gen Hal Moore and his wife Julia Moore Fort Bragg was renamed Fort Liberty Fort Gordon Georgia was renamed Fort Eisenhower Fort A P Hill Virginia was renamed Fort Walker in honor of Dr Mary Edwards Walker the first female Army surgeon Fort Hood Texas was renamed Fort Cavazos in honor of Gen Richard E Cavazos who won the Distinguished Service Cross during the Korean War Fort Lee Virginia was renamed Fort Gregg Adams on April 27 2023 in honor of Lt Gen Arthur J Gregg and Lt Col Charity Adams 99 Fort Pickett Virginia was renamed Fort Barfoot on March 24 2023 in honor of Colonel Van T Barfoot who received the Medal of Honor for service during World War II 100 Fort Polk Louisiana was renamed Fort Johnson in honor of Sgt William Henry Johnson who performed heroically in the first African American unit of the United States Army to engage in combat in World War I Fort Rucker Alabama was renamed Fort Novosel on April 10 2023 in honor of Army aviator CW4 Michael J Novosel who received the Medal of Honor for service in Vietnam 101 102 The last of these changes were finalized in October 2023 103 By December 2022 the Naming Commission had also directed the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis Maryland and the United States Military Academy in West Point New York to rename buildings roads and other facilities West Point also removed several displays related to former superintendent Robert E Lee including a portrait bust quotation and bronze panels depicting him and members of the Ku Klux Klan 104 Alabama edit See also Alabama Memorial Preservation Act Alabama State Capitol Montgomery On June 24 2015 in the wake of the Charleston church shooting on June 17 2015 on the order of Governor Robert J Bentley the four Confederate flags and their poles were removed from the Confederate Memorial Monument 105 Anniston The monument to Confederate artillery officer John Pelham erected in 1905 was removed by the city on September 27 2020 It was rededicated March 26 2022 on public county property 106 An Alabama law prohibiting the removal of historical monuments was deliberately broken by the city council of Anniston Alabama 107 Birmingham The Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument was erected in 1905 In the midst of the George Floyd protests was removed by the city on June 1 2020 in violation of the Alabama Memorial Preservation Act of 2017 a law passed specifically to prevent the removal of this monument It was the most prominent Confederate monument in the state 108 The Alabama Attorney General has filed suit against the city of Birmingham for violating the statute the city could be fined 25 000 for the violation but cannot be forced to restore the monument Mayor Randall Woodfin said the fine would be much more affordable than the cost of continued unrest in the city 109 110 Demopolis Confederate Park Renamed Confederate Park in 1923 at the request of the United Daughters of the Confederacy A Confederate soldier statue was erected in 1910 at the intersection of North Main Avenue and West Capital Street adjacent to the Park It was destroyed on July 16 2016 when a policeman accidentally crashed his patrol car into the monument The statue fell from its pedestal and was heavily damaged In 2017 Demopolis city government voted 3 2 to move the damaged Confederate statue to a local museum and to install a new obelisk memorial that honors both the Union and the Confederate soldiers 111 112 Huntsville The statue of an unnamed Confederate soldier which stood outside the Madison County Courthouse in downtown Huntsville since 1905 was removed on October 23 2020 113 Mobile In 2020 a statue of Confederate Navy Admiral Raphael Semmes removed from downtown on orders of Mayor Sandy Stimpson The 25 000 fine was paid by July 10 Montgomery The statue of Robert E Lee in front of the Robert E Lee High School was removed on June 1 2020 Four people were charged with felony criminal mischief 114 In November 2022 the Montgomery school board announced the school would be renamed to Dr Percy L Julian High School after Percy Lavon Julian 115 Tuscaloosa In September 2020 the University of Alabama trustees renamed Morgan Hall named for a Confederate general and U S Senator John Tyler Morgan to the English Building 116 Alaska edit Kusilvak Census Area In 1913 Judge John Randolph Tucker named the Wade Hampton Census Area to commemorate his father in law It was renamed Kusilvak Census Area in 2015 to remove a place named for a slave holding Confederate general 117 Arizona edit Picacho Peak State Park A wooden marker dedicated to Col Sherod Hunter s Arizona volunteers was removed by Arizona State Parks amp Trails in 2015 Deterioration of the wood was the supposed cause of the removal 118 Wesley Bolin Plaza Arizona State Capitol Phoenix Regifted in a letter by the UDC dated June 30 2020 to the State stating These monuments were gifted to the State and are now in need of repair but due to the current political climate we believe it unwise to repair them where they are located Removed July 22 2020 119 Jefferson Davis Highway Marker U S 60 at Peralta Road near Apache Junction Regifted in a letter by the UDC dated June 30 2020 to the State stating These monuments were gifted to the State and are now in need of repair but due to the current political climate we believe it unwise to repair them where they are located Removed July 22 2020 119 Picacho Peak State Park A brass plaque honoring Confederate soldiers who fought there was vandalized and removed in June 2020 According to officials from Arizona State Parks and Trails and the Arizona Historical Society AHS it will not be replaced Stated one AHS official Times change We probably put our name on a few things we shouldn t have 120 Arkansas edit In 2017 the Arkansas Legislature voted to stop honoring Robert E Lee s birthday 121 In 2019 the Arkansas Legislature voted to replace Arkansas s two statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection Uriah Milton Rose an attorney and founder of the Rose Law Firm advised against secession but backed the Confederacy during the war while not a soldier or elected officeholder he served the Confederacy as chancellor of Pulaski County later being appointed the Confederacy s state historian 122 A statue of white supremacist progressive era Governor James Paul Clarke was also removed 123 They will be replaced with statues of Johnny Cash and journalist and state NAACP president Daisy L Gatson Bates who played a key role in the integration of Little Rock s Central High School in 1957 124 Fort Smith Southside High School Until 2016 the school nickname was the Rebels Its mascot was Johnny Reb a fictional personification of a Confederate soldier The school also discontinued the use of Dixie as its fight song 125 Harrison General Jubilation T Cornpone statue removed in 2003 126 Little Rock Confederate Boulevard was renamed Springer Boulevard in 2015 The new name honors an African American family prominent in the area since the Civil War 127 Memorial to Company A Capitol Guards removed June 2020 128 Pine Bluff Pine Bluff Confederate Monument removed from public area June 2020 128 California edit nbsp Stancheons around former site of Jefferson Davis Highway marker in Horton Plaza San Diego on August 16 2017Springtown Established 1868 Originally known as Springtown it was renamed Confederate Corners after a group of Southerners settled there in the late 1860s 129 2 Name changed back to Springtown in 2018 130 Long Beach Robert E Lee Elementary School Renamed Olivia Herrera Elementary School on August 1 2016 131 Los Angeles Confederate Monument Hollywood Forever Cemetery 132 Covered with a tarp and whisked away in the middle of the night after activists called for its removal and spray painted the word No on its back August 15 2017 133 134 Quartz Hill Quartz Hill High School Until 1995 the school had a mascot called Johnny Reb who would wave a Confederate Flag at football games Johnny Reb had replaced another Confederate themed mascot Jubilation T Cornpone who waved the Stars and Bars flag at football games Slave Day fundraisers were phased out in the 1980s 135 San Diego Robert E Lee Elementary School established 1959 Renamed Pacific View Leadership Elementary School on May 22 2016 136 Markers of the Jefferson Davis Highway installed in Horton Plaza in 1926 and moved to the western sidewalk of the plaza following a 2016 renovation 137 Following the Unite the Right rally in Virginia the San Diego City Council removed the plaque on August 16 2017 138 San Lorenzo San Lorenzo High School Until 2017 the school nickname was the Rebels a tribute to the Confederate soldier in the Civil War Its mascot The Rebel Guy was retired in 2016 The school s original mascot Colonel Reb was a white man with a cane and goatee who was retired in 1997 139 District of Columbia edit nbsp The empty vandalized pedestal of the Albert Pike Memorial in Washington D C on July 2 2020 after the statue was toppled by protestersU S Capitol National Statuary Hall Collection Alabama s statue of Confederate officer Jabez Curry was replaced by a statue of Helen Keller in 2009 140 In 2019 the Arkansas Legislature voted to replace Arkansas s statues see above In July 2022 Florida s statue of Edmund Kirby Smith was replaced by a statue of civil rights advocate and educator Mary McLeod Bethune On December 21 2020 a statue of Robert E Lee representing Virginia was removed to be replaced by a statue of civil rights activist Barbara Rose Johns 141 Confederate Memorial Hall a brownstone row house at 1322 Vermont Avenue NW just off Logan Circle was a gathering place for Confederate veterans in Washington D C and later a social hall for white politicians from the South The organization that owned it the Confederate Memorial Association keeps active the 1997 web page that lists paintings and artifacts at this self designated Confederate Embassy The building was seized and sold in 1997 to pay 500 000 in contempt of court fines imposed by District of Columbia courts on association president John Edward Hurley 142 It then became a private residence 143 144 In 2016 Washington National Cathedral removed small Confederate flags from stained glass windows honoring Robert E Lee and Stonewall Jackson In 2017 it replaced the windows entirely 145 On June 19 2020 protesters in the movement protesting the murder of George Floyd tore down the statue of Albert Pike doused it with a flammable liquid and ignited it 146 After several minutes local police intervened extinguished the flames and left the scene The statue was taken away later on 147 148 Florida edit An August 2017 meeting of the Florida League of Mayors was devoted to the topic of what to do with Civil War monuments 149 State symbols Until 2016 the shield of the Confederacy was found in the Rotunda of the Florida Capitol together with those of France Spain England and the United States all of them treated equally as nations that Florida was part of or governed by The five flags that have flown in Florida were included on the official Senate seal displayed prominently in the Senate chambers on its stationery and throughout the Capitol On October 19 2015 the Senate agreed to change the seal so as to remove the Confederate battle flag from it 150 The new 2016 Senate seal has only the flags of the United States and Florida 151 Bradenton On August 22 2017 the Manatee County Commission voted 4 3 to move the Confederate monument in front of the county courthouse to storage 152 This granite obelisk was dedicated on June 22 1924 by the Judah P Benjamin Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy It commemorates Stonewall Jackson Robert E Lee and Jefferson Davis and the Memory of Our Confederate Soldiers 153 On August 24 while being moved at 3 AM the spire toppled and broke The clean break is repairable but the County recommends it not be repaired until a new home is found 154 155 32 No final decision has been made as of September 2018 but the Gamble Plantation Historic State Park has been suggested as a possible new home for it 156 Crestview Florida s Last Confederate Veteran Memorial City Park 1958 In 2015 ownership was transferred to trustees of Lundy s family and the memorial was moved to private property 155 157 Soon after research determined the memorialized man had not been a veteran but had falsified his age to get veteran benefits 158 After the removal of the Confederate monument and flag the park is now referred to as the former Confederate Park 158 Daytona Beach In August 2017 the Daytona Beach city manager made the decision to remove three plaques from Riverfront Park that honored Confederate veterans 159 160 161 Fort Myers The bust of Robert E Lee on a pedestal in the median of Monroe Street downtown was found face down on the ground on March 12 2019 the bolts holding it in place had been removed It did not appear to be damaged and was removed by the Sons of Confederate Veterans 162 The bust had been commissioned in 1966 from Italian sculptor Aldo Pero for 6 000 by the defunct Laetitia Ashmore Nutt Chapter of UDC chapter 1447 163 164 In 2018 there had been conflict over the future of the monument both at a Ft Myers City Council meeting 165 and at the monument itself 166 Gainesville Confederate monument called Old Joe Alachua County courthouse lawn erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy 79 and unveiled January 20 1904 167 Removed from government land and returned to the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 2017 which moved it to a private cemetery 155 34 168 Hollywood Street signs named for Confederate Generals were removed in April 2018 169 170 Forrest Street named for CSA Lt Gen Nathan Bedford Forrest became Freedom Street Hood Street named for CSA Gen John Bell Hood became Hope Street Lee Street named for CSA Gen Robert E Lee became Liberty Street Jacksonville Following a petition with 160 000 signatures Nathan Bedford Forrest High School 1959 originally an all white school named in protest against school desegregation renamed Westside High School in 2014 after decades of controversy 171 172 173 In the summer of 2021 the names of six schools named for confederate figures were renamed 174 Robert E Lee High School was changed to Riverside High School Joseph Finegan Elementary School was changed to Anchor Academy Stonewall Jackson Elementary School was changed to Hidden Oaks Elementary School J E B Stuart Middle School was changed to Westside Middle School Kirby Smith Middle School was changed to Springfield Middle School Jefferson Davis Middle School was changed to Charger Academy On December 27 2023 the Jacksonville mayor ordered the removal of the Florida s Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy monument at Springfield Park The statue stood since 1915 175 Lakeland Confederate soldier statue in downtown Munn Park created by the McNeel Marble Works 155 34 The United Daughters of the Confederacy paid 1 550 to erect the statue in Munn Park the town square on June 3 1910 The city chipped in 200 176 In May 2018 the Lakeland City Commission approved unanimously the removal of the statue to Veterans Park However they specified that private funds would have to cover the costs 177 In six months only 26 209 was raised so commissioners voted in November to use 225 000 in red light camera citation money to pay for the move 178 A coalition of individuals and groups opposed to the move including the Sons of Confederate Veterans filed suit in federal court alleging that the money being used was public money but the suit was dismissed in January 2019 as a matter of law 176 and the city proceeded noting that it will be moved in the daytime 179 The move started on March 21 2019 180 Orlando Confederate Johnny Reb monument Lake Eola Park Erected in 1911 on Magnolia Avenue moved to Lake Eola Park in 1917 Removed from the park to a public cemetery in 2017 181 182 Palatka Putnam County Confederate Memorial 1925 183 155 38 On August 25 2020 the Putnam County Commission voted 4 1 to move the monument to a location not yet determined 184 Quincy Gadsden Confederate Memorial Gadsden County Courthouse Removed on June 11 2020 30 minutes after the Gadsden County Commission voted to do so 185 St Augustine Memorial to William Wing Loring on the Plaza de la Constitucion erected behind the Government House 1920 186 On property belonging to the University of Florida the University removed it as Loring s descendants had requested 187 St Petersburg Marker for the Stonewall Jackson Memorial Highway erected on January 22 1939 was removed on August 15 2017 188 189 Tallahassee The Confederate Battle Flag was included on the Senate seal from 1972 to 2016 when it was removed It was also displayed in its chambers and on the Senate letterhead In the wake of the racially motivated Charleston shootings the Senate voted in October 2015 to replace the confederate symbol with the Florida state flag 190 The new shield was in place in 2016 191 The Confederate Stainless Banner flag flew over the west entrance of the Florida State Capitol from 1978 until 2001 when Gov Jeb Bush ordered it removed 192 nbsp Memoria In Aeterna now in Brandon Family Cemetery Brandon FloridaTampa In 1997 county commissioners removed the Confederate flag from the Hillsborough County seal In a compromise they voted to hang a version of the flag in the county center Commissioners voted in 2015 to remove that flag In 2007 the county stopped honoring Confederate History Month In June 2017 the Hillsborough County School Board started a review of how to change the name of Robert E Lee Elementary School in east Tampa 193 In September 2017 the school was seriously damaged by fire of accidental origin Teachers and students were transferred and the school with this name went out of existence 194 Memoria In Aeterna Eternal Memory Old Hillsborough County Courthouse in 2017 Annex to the current Courthouse The monument is comprised of two Confederate soldiers one facing north in a fresh uniform upright and heading to battle and the other facing south his clothes tattered as he heads home humbled by war 193 195 Between them is a 32 foot tall obelisk with the image of a Confederate flag chiseled into it 196 It was called one of the most divisive symbols in Hillsborough County 197 It was first erected in 1911 at Franklin and Lafayette Streets and moved to its former location in front of the then new county courthouse in 1952 193 After voting in July 2017 to move the statue to the small Brandon Family Cemetery in the suburb that bears its name Brandon Florida the County Commission announced on August 16 that the statue would only be moved if private citizens raised 140 000 the cost of moving it within 30 days The funds were raised within 24 hours The following day Save Southern Heritage Veterans Monuments of America and United Daughters of the Confederacy filed a lawsuit attempting to prevent the statue s move 198 On September 5 2017 a Hillsborough administrative judge denied their request for an injunction Removal of the monument which took several days began the same day 197 It was cut into 26 pieces to enable its removal 197 It was moved on September 5 2017 to the Brandon Family Cemetery the county paid half the 285 000 cost 195 199 A 60 feet 18 m x 30 feet 9 1 m Confederate flag when erected the largest such flag ever made at the privately owned Confederate Memorial Park placed so as to be visible at the intersection of I 4 and I 75 just east of Tampa actually Seffner Florida was removed on June 1 2020 by its owner the Sons of Confederate Veterans after threats to burn it were made on social media 200 West Palm Beach Confederate monument Woodlawn Cemetery 1941 located at the front gate directly behind an American flag The only one south of St Augustine likely the only Confederate statue in Palm Beach and Broward counties said historian Janet DeVries who leads cemetery tours at Woodlawn Vandalized several times Removed and placed in storage by order of Mayor Jeri Muoio on August 22 2017 since its owner the United Daughters of the Confederacy had not claimed it despite notification 201 202 Believed by local historians to be the last Confederate monument in Palm Beach County 203 204 Jefferson Davis Middle School Renamed Palm Springs Middle School in 2005 205 Georgia edit State flag From 1956 to 2001 the state flag of Georgia incorporated the Confederate battle flag The current 2003 flag incorporates a less familiar version of the Confederacy s first flag the Stars and Bars Confederate Memorial Day and Robert E Lee Day Georgia removed the Confederate references in 2015 they are now known as State Holidays 206 207 Athens A portrait of Robert E Lee was removed from a building on the campus of the University of Georgia by the Demosthenian Literary Society 208 A monument was removed from Broad Street in downtown Athens in August 2020 ostensibly due to roadwork 209 The monument was moved to a nearby battle site 210 Atlanta Confederate Ave was renamed United Ave after the neighborhood organized for a change in 2019 211 Brunswick A monument that was placed in 1902 was removed on May 17 2022 and although the City Commission voted to remove it in 2020 the final action was delayed due to legal tension 212 Decatur The DeKalb County Confederate Monument was removed on June 18 2020 after a court order on June 12 213 Lawrenceville A Confederate memorial outside the Gwinnett County Courthouse was removed to storage in February 2021 214 Macon Two Confederate monuments the Confederate statue on Cotton Avenue originally erected in the 1870s and originally stood on Mulberry Street prior to the 1950s and the Women of the South monument on Poplar and First Street built by the United Daughters of the Confederacy at an unknown date were moved to Whittle Park outside Rose Hill Cemetery on June 22 2022 after a 2020 vote by the Macon Bibb Commission 215 and a lawsuit against removal had ended 216 Sylvania The Screven County Confederate Dead Monument was pulled off its pedestal and virtually destroyed between August 30 and 31 2018 The monument had been erected on Confederate Memorial Day April 26 1909 and moved to the city cemetery in the 1950s when the city turned the downtown Main Street park where the monument was originally located into a parking lot The Georgia Division of the Sons of Confederate Veterans is offering a 2 000 reward for the arrest and conviction of those involved the reward was subsequently increased to 10 000 217 A photo of the destroyed monument shows a flagpole with a Confederate flag 218 Indiana edit Indianapolis On June 8 2020 following the protests in response to the murder of George Floyd the Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument was removed from Garfield Park and dismantled It originally marked a mass grave for Confederate soldiers who died at Camp Morton but was moved away from the grave in 1912 Kansas edit Wichita Confederate Flag Bicentennial Memorial 1962 removed 2015 The Confederate battle flag had been displayed at the John S Stevens Pavilion at Veterans Memorial Plaza near downtown since 1976 when it was placed there in a historical flag display as part of the nation s bicentennial The flag was removed July 2 2015 by order of Mayor Jeff Longwell 219 220 Kentucky edit Bowling Green a historic sign indicating that Bowling Green was the Confederate capital of Kentucky was removed in August 2020 221 Florence Boone County High School The mascot for the school was Mr Rebel a Confederate general who stands tall in a light blue uniform feathered cap and English mustache It was removed in 2017 222 Frankfort Statue of Jefferson Davis Kentucky Capitol Rotunda 1936 Jefferson Davis was born in Kentucky In 2015 the all white 223 state Historic Properties Advisory Commission voted against removing the statue 224 In 2017 several prominent Republicans called for its removal 225 It was removed on June 13 2020 226 Lexington John C Breckinridge Memorial 1911 and John Hunt Morgan Memorial 1887 Fayette County Courthouse 227 In November 2015 a committee the Urban County Arts Review Board voted to recommend removal of both memorials 227 The city council approved the removal on August 17 2017 228 229 They were removed October 17 2017 with the plan to move both to Lexington Cemetery 230 On July 24 2018 this was accomplished 231 Louisville The Confederate Monument in Louisville statue was dedicated in 1895 and was placed next to the University of Louisville on city property It was moved to a riverfront park in Brandenburg Kentucky in December 2016 232 The cost of the move was 600 000 233 John B Castleman Monument Cherokee Triangle 1882 In June 2020 the statue was removed to be moved to Castleman s burial site in Cave Hill Cemetery 234 Louisiana edit nbsp nbsp Jefferson Davis Monument in New Orleans Louisiana left the monument being unveiled February 22 1911 right after removal of statue and pedestal May 11 2017 Baton Rouge Robert E Lee High School renamed Lee High School in 2016 Lee Magnet High School in 2018 and in 2020 Liberty Magnet High School Sports teams formerly Rebels are now Patriots 235 New Orleans The first Confederate monuments removed in 2017 were those of New Orleans although it was in 2015 that the City Council ordered their removal Court challenges were unsuccessful The workers who moved the monuments were dressed in bullet proof vests helmets and masks to conceal their identities because of concerns about their safety 236 237 According to Mayor Landrieu The original firm we d hired to remove the monuments backed out after receiving death threats and having one of his cars set ablaze 238 Opponents at one point found their way to one of our machines and poured sand in the gas tank Other protesters flew drones at the contractors to thwart their work 239 The city said it was weighing where to display the monuments so they could be placed in their proper historical context from a dark period of American history 240 On May 19 2017 the Monumental Task Committee 241 an organization that maintains monuments and plaques across the city commented on the removal of the statues Mayor Landrieu and the City Council have stripped New Orleans of nationally recognized historic landmarks With the removal of four of our century plus aged landmarks at 299 years old New Orleans now heads into our Tricentennial more divided and less historic Landrieu replied on the same day These statues are not just stone and metal They are not just innocent remembrances of a benign history These monuments purposefully celebrate a fictional sanitized Confederacy ignoring the death ignoring the enslavement and the terror that it actually stood for 242 A seven person Monument Relocation Committee was set up by Mayor LaToya Cantrell to advise on what to do with the removed monuments The statue of Jefferson Davis if their recommendation is implemented will be moved to Beauvoir his former estate in Biloxi Mississippi that is now a presidential library and museum 243 The Committee recommended that the statues of Robert E Lee and P G T Beauregard be placed in Greenwood Cemetery near City Park Avenue and Interstate 10 where three other Confederate generals are entombed However this conflicts with a policy of former mayor Mitch Landrieu who had directed that they never again be on public display in Orleans Parish The Battle of Liberty Place Monument will remain in storage 244 Battle of Liberty Place Monument Erected 1891 to commemorate the Reconstruction Era Battle of Liberty Place 1874 and celebrate Louisiana s White League Removed April 24 2017 The workers were dressed in flak jackets helmets and scarves to conceal their identities because of concerns about their safety Police officers watched from a nearby hotel 245 Jefferson Davis Monument Cost 35 000 and was unveiled February 22 1911 the 50th anniversary of his inauguration as President of the Confederacy by the Jefferson Davis Monument Association which was formed in 1898 The unveiling was preceded by an impressive military parade led by Major Allison Owen Veterans of the Army of Tennessee Washington Artillery Camp Henry St Paul Army of Northern Virginia veterans from the Soldiers Home National Guard and the Boy Scouts all attended A group of 500 schoolgirls formed a living Confederate flag 246 Removed May 11 2017 247 General Beauregard Equestrian Statue Erected in 1913 Removed May 17 2017 Robert E Lee monument Erected in 1884 Statue atop a 60 foot 18 m column with 12 foot 3 7 m on an earthen mound Statue removed May 19 2017 Edward Douglass White Jr statue On December 23 the statue of Edward Douglass White Jr was moved from outside the Louisiana Supreme Court building to the interior near the court museum 248 249 Renaming of public schools In 1992 the School Board announced plans to rename schools named after owners of slaves if the parents teachers and children of each school approved Other public schools renamed not directly relevant to the war were originally named for Marie Couvent a black slave owner George Washington William C C Claiborne Samuel J Peters Etienne de Bore William O Rogers a general school superintendent who didn t believe blacks should be educated after the 5th grade and Edward Douglass White Jr a Supreme Court chief justice who voted to uphold the separate but equal doctrine in Plessy v Ferguson 250 Jefferson Davis Elementary School renamed in 1993 for Ernest Dutch Morial New Orleans first African American mayor P G T Beauregard Junior High School was renamed Thurgood Marshall Middle School after the first black Supreme Court justice Robert E Lee Elementary School renamed for Ronald McNair the black astronaut killed in the 1986 Challenger explosion J P Benjamin School named for Jefferson Davis s secretary of war was renamed for African American educator and civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune Charles Gayarre Elementary School named for Charles Gayarre a financial supporter of the Confederacy was renamed after New Orleans civil rights leader Oretha Castle Haley Francis T Nicholls High School named for the Confederate general and Governor of Louisiana was renamed Frederick Douglass High School after the abolitionist leader Frederick Douglass Adolph Meyer School named for a Confederate officer and later a congressman was renamed for the abolitionist Harriet Tubman Benjamin Palmer School named for a pro slavery pastor influential in Louisiana s decision to secede and join the Confederacy was renamed Lorraine V Hansberry Elementary School after the African American playwright who wrote A Raisin in the Sun Maine edit Brunswick Maine Confederate plaque Bowdoin College Installed in 1965 removed in August 2017 251 Maryland edit State of Maryland State Song In 2021 Maryland officially repealed its state song Maryland My Maryland due to controversial lyrics that call on Maryland to join the Confederacy and label the Union as tyrannical In March 2021 both houses of the Maryland General Assembly voted to repeal the state song and governor Larry Hogan signed it into law on May 18 2021 252 Since then Maryland has had no official state song Previously in 2017 the University of Maryland marching band announced it would no longer play the song before football games and in 2020 Pimlico Race Course scrapped its tradition of playing the song before the race 253 Plaque 1964 Maryland State House Trust removed a plaque from the Maryland State House in 2020 254 Sons of Confederate Veterans Commemorative License Plate featuring the Confederate battle flag was revoked in 2015 after an 18 year legal battle Existing plates are recalled for mandatory replacement 46 255 Baltimore Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument Spirit of the Confederacy Mount Royal Avenue Covered with red paint August 13 2017 In 2015 marked with yellow paint saying black lives matter 256 Removed August 16 2017 257 Confederate Women s Monument Charles Street and University Parkway Removed August 16 2017 257 Robert E Lee Park was renamed Lake Roland Park in 2015 258 Stonewall Jackson and Robert E Lee Monument On the northwestern side of the Wyman Park Dell Charles Village opposite the Baltimore Museum of Art and just south of Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University 1948 259 Removed August 16 2017 257 260 Catonsville 1942 mural in Post Office depicting enslaved Black people pulling barrels of tobacco alongside White men on horses has been covered with plastic sheeting pending decision on what to do with it and what to replace it with 261 Charlotte Hall Plaque installed in 1993 removed from Charlotte Hall Veterans Home 262 Easton A statue commemorating the Talbot Boys is removed from the lawn of the county courthouse It was the last Confederate statue to be removed from a courthouse 263 Ellicott City Howard County Howard County Courthouse Confederate Monument Dedicated in 1948 Removed on August 22 2017 264 Lothian A statue of Confederate soldier Benjamin Welch Owens was vandalized in June 2020 and toppled in July 2020 265 Rockville Confederate Monument lifesize and bronze on a granite pedestal nbsp The base of the CSA monument moved from Rockville MD to White s Ferry MD It was originally donated by the UDC and the United Confederate Veterans and built by the Washington firm of Falvey Granite Company at a cost of 3 600 The artist is unknown 266 Inscription To Our Heroes of Montgomery Co Maryland That We Through Life May Not Forget to Love The Thin Gray Line Erected A D 1913 1861 CSA 1865 267 Gray was the color of Confederate uniforms The dedication was on June 3 1913 Jefferson Davis s birthday 267 and 3 000 out of a county population of 30 000 attended 268 It was originally located in a small triangular park 269 called Courthouse Square In 1971 urban renewal led to the elimination of the Square and the monument was moved to the east lawn of the Red Brick Courthouse no longer in use as such facing south 270 In 1994 it was cleaned and waxed by the Maryland Military Monuments Commission 266 It was marked with Black Lives Matter in 2015 a wooden box was built over it to protect it 271 The monument was removed in July 2017 from its original location outside the Old Rockville Court House to private land 269 at White s Ferry in Dickerson Maryland 272 273 White s Ferry Montgomery County A passenger and vehicle ferry formerly named Gen Jubal A Early 1954 connects Montgomery County Maryland and Loudoun County Virginia Owned by White s Ferry it was named for Confederate General Jubal Early until June 2020 White s Ferry is the only ferry still in operation on the Potomac River 274 Massachusetts edit Fort Warren Georges Island Boston Harbor Memorial to 13 Confederate prisoners who died in captivity Dedicated in 1963 removed October 2017 275 Oak Bluffs Martha s Vineyard In 2019 the town removed two plaques honoring Confederate soldiers from a statue of a Union soldier They were remounted in a contextual display in the Martha s Vineyard Museum 276 Michigan edit Lowell The 1935 Robert E Lee Show Boat 277 A campaign by Former Representative Dave Hildenbrand to request money from Rick Snyder s administration resulted in a taxpayer funded grant 278 to rebuild the confederate named boat 279 What followed was a contentious 280 and successful petition to change the boat s name 281 It was demolished February 28 2019 282 Mississippi edit Statewide On June 30 2020 Governor Tate Reeves signed a bill to remove the second flag of Mississippi 1894 from public buildings within 15 days and establish a new flag for the state 283 284 Voters approved the new flag with 68 of the vote on November 3 2020 285 Several city and county governments and all eight of Mississippi s public universities have stopped flying the state flag in recent years amid critics concerns that it does not properly represent a state where 38 percent of residents are African American 286 287 Greenwood A Confederate monument is to be removed and replaced with a statue of Emmett Till 288 Jackson Davis Magnet IB School Renamed Barack Obama Magnet IB School in 2017 289 290 Col John Logan Power Academic and Performing Arts Complex is renamed for Ida B Wells and Robert E Lee Elementary School is renamed for Drs Aaron and Ollye Shirley in December 2020 291 Oxford Confederate Drive renamed Chapel Lane 292 In 2016 the University of Mississippi marching band called The Pride of the South stopped playing Dixie The school got rid of its Colonel Reb mascot in 2003 293 Missouri edit Columbia In 2018 the Columbia Board of Education voted unanimously to change the name of Robert E Lee Elementary School to Locust Street Expressive Arts Elementary School 294 Kansas City Missouri United Daughters of the Confederacy Monument on Ward Parkway The memorial to Confederate women a 1934 gift by the United Daughters of the Confederacy was covered by graffiti on August 18 2017 and boxed up two days later in preparation for its removal The monument was removed on August 25 2017 295 296 St Louis Memorial to the Confederate Dead 1914 removed in June 2017 from Forest Park It awaits a new home outside St Louis City and County limits per agreement between the city and the Missouri Civil War Museum in Jefferson Barracks 297 Confederate Drive 1914 Road removed and replaced with green space in 2017 298 Montana edit nbsp Confederate Memorial Fountain in Helena Montana before removalHelena Confederate Memorial Fountain 1916 City Council voted August 17 2017 to remove it It was removed on August 18 2017 299 300 In its place is a new fountain known as the Equity Fountain installed in 2020 301 Nevada edit Paradise University of Nevada Las Vegas UNLV Until the 1970s the school mascot was Beauregard a wolf dressed in a gray military field jacket and Confederate cap 302 303 Beauregard was named for CSA Gen P G T Beauregard New Mexico edit The three Jefferson Davis Highway markers in the state were removed in 2018 304 New York edit New York City Central Park In November 2017 the cover of Harper s Magazine featured J C Hallman s article Monumental Error about the Central Park monument of controversial surgeon and Confederate spy J Marion Sims 305 The timing coincided with the work New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio s committee on monuments and Hallman s article was distributed to members of New York s Public Design Commission The commission voted unanimously to remove Sims s statue and it was removed in April 2018 306 Hallman has since written articles about Sims s statue in Montgomery Alabama and is working on a book The Anarcha Quest about Sims and his so called first cure Anarcha Westcott 307 Brooklyn On August 16 2017 the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island removed a 1912 plaque from a tree Robert E Lee planted between 1842 and 1847 They also removed a second marker erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1935 308 New York Governor Andrew Cuomo has ordered name changes of streets named for Lee and Jackson in the Fort Hamilton section of Brooklyn 309 The Bronx Busts of Stonewall Jackson and Robert E Lee formerly in the Hall of Fame for Great Americans at Bronx Community College formerly New York University were removed in 2017 by New York State Governor Andrew Cuomo 4 309 310 North Carolina edit See also Silent Sam Statewide The North Carolina Department of Transportation stopped authorizing the use of specialized license plates of the North Carolina Sons of Confederate Veterans that depict a Confederate battle flag in January 2021 The organization will be able to display other non offensive specialty plates 311 Asheville In a joint agreement between the city of Asheville and Buncombe County to remove two Confederate monuments that are located in or near Pack Square Park crews began by the removal of the Robert E Lee Dixie Highway Colonel John Connally Marker 1926 on July 10 2020 leaving only the base for future use 312 On July 14 crews removed the Monument to 60th Regt NC Volunteers 1905 located in front of the Buncombe County courthouse Both monuments were moved to a County own storage facility where they will stay till a future decision is made 313 314 The Zebulon Vance Monument 1898 a 75 foot 23 m obelisk located at the center of Pack Square Park was completely covered with a shroud on July 10 2020 at a cost of 18 500 and a monthly scaffolding rental cost of 2 400 312 The monument was removed by the City of Asheville in May 2021 315 Chapel Hill A 1923 building at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill was named for William L Saunders Colonel in the Confederate army and head of the Ku Klux Klan in North Carolina In 2014 the building was renamed Carolina Hall 316 Silent Sam a statue erected in 1913 at the entrance to the University of North Carolina today the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill as a memorial to its Confederate alumni was pulled down after years of protests on August 20 2018 317 As of November 20 2019 the University has not decided whether or where the statue will be restored 318 319 In her January 19 2019 letter of resignation as Chancellor Carol Folt ordered the removal of the plinth and plaques as a threat to public safety as they attracted pro Confederate demonstrators unconnected with the University 320 A proposal to build a special museum on the campus for the statue was rejected as too expensive and wasteful of resources A scandal erupted in late 2019 after the press reported a secret agreement to transfer the monument to the Sons of Convederate Veterans with funding This deal collapsed once it was exposed As of August 2020 the statue remains in an undisclosed University of North Carolina warehouse and its fate remains undecided citation needed The Orange County Board of Commissioners voted unanimously on October 16 2018 to remove the Jefferson Davis Highway designation from the portion of US 15 that runs through the county A marker stands at the intersection of East Franklin Street formerly the route of US 15 and Henderson Street in downtown Chapel Hill adjacent to the University of North Carolina The bronze plaque and stone pedestal were not removed immediately because it was not clear who their owner was 321 Charlotte In 2015 the Mecklenburg County Confederate Soldiers Monument 1977 was vandalized following the events of the Charleston church shooting on June 17 In July the monument was removed from its location at the northwest corner of the Old City Hall for cleaning Later that same month the Historic Artifact Management and Patriotism Act became law while the monument was still located in a city owned warehouse With a technicality city manager Ron Carlee informed the City Council that he was moving the monument to the Confederate section of city owned Elmwood Cemetery By end of year it was moved next to other Confederate monuments and graves 322 323 324 The Confederate Reunion Marker 1924 located on a hill next to Grady Cole Center and American Legion Memorial Stadium was removed on June 21 2020 after the Mecklenburg County Commission became aware of online threats to damage or deface it No decision if the removal would be temporary or permanent 325 Clinton On July 12 2020 the statue that makes part of the Confederate Soldiers Monument 1916 located on the south side of the Sampson County Courthouse was removed after it was found bent and teetering on its pedestal that morning The base currently remains on the Courthouse grounds 326 Durham Confederate Soldiers Monument 1924 at the Old Durham County Courthouse was pulled down and severely damaged during a protest on August 17 2017 Eight individuals were arrested for destroying the memorial but the charges were later dropped 77 327 328 329 The monument is being stored in a county warehouse 330 In early 2019 a joint city county government committee to consider what to do with the damaged statue recommended that it be displayed indoors in its crumpled state The committee said displaying the statue in its current damaged form would add important context The proposal would leave the statue s pedestal in place and add outdoor markers honoring Union soldiers and enslaved people The proposal needs approval from the Durham County Commission Durham County maintains that the Cultural History Artifact Management and Patriotism Act of 2015 does not apply since the law does not address damaged monuments 331 On August 11 2020 contractors removed the stone pedestal and moved it to a secure location following the recommendation of the City County Committee on Confederate Monuments and Memorials 332 Statue of Robert E Lee in the Duke Chapel Duke University Installed in the 1930s in consultation with an unnamed Vanderbilt University professor clarification needed 333 Defaced in August 2017 334 335 After vandalism removed August 19 2017 336 337 Julian S Carr Junior High School for whites only built in 1928 closed in 1975 The building became part of the formerly all white Durham High School which closed in 1993 Since 1995 the buildings are used by the Durham School of the Arts 338 On August 24 2017 the Board of the Durham Public Schools voted unanimously to remove Carr s name from the building 339 Fayetteville On June 27 2020 the 1902 Confederate Monument was removed from its location between the intersection of East and West Dobbin Avenue Morganton Street and Fort Bragg Road in the Haymount neighborhood The decision of its removal was done by its owner the J E B Stuart Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy UDC in an effort so the monument would not be vandalized 340 It is not known if it will be returned moved or stay in storage indefinitely This was its third location originally located at the intersection of Grove Green Rowan and Ramsey Streets it moved to the northeast corner of the square in 1951 due to road realignments In 2002 the statue was then moved to its last location by the UDC believing the original site lost its charm becoming to commercialized 341 Gastonia On June 23 2020 the Gaston County Commissioners approved creating a council of understanding to give a recommendation to the commissioners about the future of the Gaston County Confederate Soldiers Monument 1912 located at the Gaston County Courthouse along Marietta Street The commissioners voted on July 13 to move the statue and voted on August 3 to gift the monument to the Sons of Confederate Veterans Charles Q Petty Camp allowing them to move it onto private property where it can only be used as a war memorial and educational tool 342 Greensboro On July 3 2020 the Confederate Soldiers Monument 1888 was discovered toppled in Green Hills Cemetery The monument which marks the grave area of three hundred unknown Confederate soldiers was moved into storage 343 Greenville The Pitt County Confederate Soldiers Monument 1914 sits on the Pitt County Courthouse grounds in Greenville 344 On June 15 2020 the Pitt County Board of Commissioners voted to remove the monument to a temporary location immediately and work toward a permanent one 345 It was removed on June 23 346 Henderson On July 3 2020 the Vance County Confederate Monument 1910 located in front of the old Vance County Courthouse was removed after Vance County Commissioners approved it by vote a few days earlier The monument is in storage until its disposition can be decided 347 Upon its removal crews discovered a time capsule that was buried beneath the monument with artifacts that date to 1910 348 Hillsborough The building that currently houses the Orange County Historical Museum at 201 N Churton St was built in 1934 and housed the whites only public library The UDC donated 7 000 towards its construction and it was named the Confederate Memorial Library In 1983 after the library now the Orange County Public Library moved into a larger facility the Museum moved in The word Library was removed from the lettering over the front door but Confederate Memorial remained In 2015 the Hillsborough Town Board voted to remove the words 349 nbsp Old Chatham County Courthouse Pittsboro North Carolina 1908 Lexington In October 2020 the United Daughters of the Confederacy requested that a Confederate monument owned by the organization which stood at the city square in Lexington since 1902 be removed Despite objections from Davidson County Commissioners the Confederate monument which stood at the city square in Lexington since 1902 was removed after the Davidson County Superior Court allowed for the city and the Daughters of the Confederacy to have it removed from this location The statue would be removed from the city square late at night on October 15 16 2020 350 Louisburg The Louisburg Town Council voted in emergency session on June 22 2020 on a compromise to remove the Confederate Monument 1914 from its location on North Main Street and move it to a municipal cemetery and placed among the graves of the Confederate soldiers it memorializes 351 It was removed on June 30 352 Oxford On June 24 2020 the 34 foot 10 m Granville County Confederate Monument 1909 was removed from its location in front of the Richard Thornton Library next to the Granville County Revolutionary War Monument 1926 The Granville Board of Commissioners made the decision as they believed there was a credible threat that it would be forcibly removed and possible violent protest The monument was placed in storage until a new location was determined This was the second location of the monument it was first located in front of the Granville County Courthouse till 1971 when it was moved to the library as a compromise from the Oxford Race Riot 353 Pittsboro Confederate Soldiers Monument 1907 Old Chatham County Courthouse erected by Winnie Davis Chapter UDC 354 In 2019 there were months of discussion about what to do with it including multiple late night Chatham County Board of Commissioners meetings There were citizens groups calling for its removal Chatham for All and for leaving it alone As it is privately owned by the UDC the statute protecting public Civil War monuments does not apply said the County In July 2019 the local UDC chapter and the county signed a memorandum of understanding agreeing to meet cooperate and work together in good faith to develop a mutually agreeable framework for reimagining the monument In an August 12 statement the UDC said the statue was given by the UDC to the county which now owns it notwithstanding the statement on the south side of the statue carved in granite the state statute does apply and is inappropriate that we re imagine the statue in any way 355 356 After a court ruled that the statue belonged to the UDC and not the county it was removed on November 20 2019 357 Raleigh A Confederate battle flag hanging in the Old North Carolina State Capitol was removed in 2013 358 On June 19 2020 protesters pulled down two of the three bronze soldiers on the 75 foot 23 m Confederate monument at the state Capitol with one of the statues hung by its neck from the streetlight 359 The following day Governor Cooper gave the orders that all three Confederate monuments located on the Capitol grounds to be removed for public safety Two of the three monuments the Women of the Confederacy 1914 and a statue of Henry Lawson Wyatt 1912 were removed that day and moved into storage 360 361 The third what remains of the monument to fallen Confederate soldiers 1895 was removed from June 21 23 Governor Cooper laid blame to the 2015 law as creating legal roadblocks to removal that eventually led to the dangerous incidents that happened 362 363 The two cannons that flanked 75 foot Confederate monument were moved to Fort Fisher on June 28 364 Reidsville From 1910 to 2011 the monument stood in Reidsville s downtown area In 2011 a motorist hit the monument shattering the granite soldier which stood atop it Placing the monument back in the center of town sparked a debate between local officials neighbors and friends which resulted in it being placed at its current site the Greenview Cemetery 365 Rocky Mount On June 2 2020 the City Council of Rocky Mount voted to remove the Nash County Confederate Monument 1917 The land which the monument was located on will be vacated by the city reverting ownership to Rocky Mount Mills 366 Salisbury On June 16 2020 the Salisbury City Council voted to remove the Fame Confederate Monument 1909 located on at the intersection of West Innes and Church Streets and move it to the Old Lutheran Cemetery where 175 tombstones for Confederate soldiers were installed in 1996 On June 22 an agreement was signed with the Robert F Hoke Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy to which they will assist on its removal storage and move 367 The statue was removed on July 6 7 2020 368 Wadesboro On July 7 2020 the Anson County Board of Commissioners voted to remove the Anson County Confederate Soldiers Monument 1906 from its location in front of the Wadesboro courthouse The following day the monument was removed and placed in storage where it will remain until it can be moved onto private property at a later date 369 Warrenton On June 24 2020 the Warren County Confederate Monument 1913 located in front of the Warren County Courthouse was removed from its location The County Commission justified their decision after receiving online several threats to topple the monument it is currently in storage 370 Wilmington In the early morning of June 25 2020 in what has been described as a surprise move the City of Wilmington removed the Confederate Memorial 1924 and the George Davis Monument 1911 The city s Twitter page posted at 5 28 a m 371 In accordance with NC law the city has temporarily removed two monuments from the downtown area This was done in order to protect the public safety and to preserve important historical artifacts It is not known where the monuments are stored or what the plans for them will be 372 373 Winston Salem The Confederate Soldiers Monument 1905 374 formerly in front of the former Forsyth County Courthouse now private apartments was removed on March 12 2019 by the city due to safety concerns and the property owner s unwillingness to maintain it Mayor Allen Joines said that the statue would be moved to Salem Cemetery after being temporarily in storage 375 It was vandalized with paint in August 2017 and again late in 2018 with the words Cowards amp Traitors written with black marker 376 The UDC its owner declined to move it to the Salem Cemetery after the city proposed it 377 On December 31 2018 the city attorney sent a letter to the UDC saying that the monument is a threat to public safety and calling for its removal by January 31 And if they don t we re prepared to file legal action to achieve that removal said Joines 378 The owner of the property Clachan Properties also asked the UDC to remove it 379 The local chapter of the UDC sued the city and county on May 4 2020 claiming the city did not own the statue and did not have the right to remove it 380 On December 31 2020 the state division of the UDC announced it was appealing to the North Carolina Supreme Court 381 Ohio edit Columbus On August 22 2017 a Confederate statue at Camp Chase was damaged and its head stolen it has since been repaired 382 Franklin Confederate Gen Robert E Lee roadside plaque Removed August 16 17 2017 383 384 Willoughby Willoughby South High School In 2017 the school dropped its Rebel mascot a man dressed in a gray Confederate military outfit but kept the Rebel nickname 385 Worthington An Ohio state historical marker outside the home where CSA Brigadier General Roswell S Ripley was born was removed August 18 2017 386 Oklahoma edit Atoka The Confederate Memorial Museum and Cemetery opened in 1986 387 In 2016 its name was changed to Atoka Museum and Confederate Cemetery 388 Tulsa Robert E Lee Elementary School renamed Lee Elementary School in May 2018 then renamed Council Oak Elementary School in August 2018 389 Pennsylvania edit After removing a trio of Confederate historical markers an hour west of Gettysburg the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission has replaced two with significant revisions that view Confederate milestones through a more critical lens In Pittsburgh the commission took down a United Daughters of the Confederacy backed plaque 390 South Carolina edit Columbia The Confederate battle flag was raised over the South Carolina statehouse in 1962 as a protest to desegregation In 2000 the legislature voted to remove it and replace it with a flag on a flagpole in front of the Capitol as a monument 391 In 2015 the complete removal was approved by the required 2 3 majority of both houses of the Legislature 72 The flag was given to the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room amp Military Museum Rock Hill In 2017 the Confederate flag and pictures of Jackson and Lee were removed from the York County courthouse 392 Tennessee edit The 2016 Tennessee Heritage Protection Act puts the brakes on cities and counties ability to remove monuments or change names of streets and parks 393 Crossville South Cumberland Elementary School Murals painted in 2003 one of a large Confederate battle flag and another showing the team s mascot the Rebel triumphantly holding a Confederate battle flag while a boy in a blue outfit is being lynched on a tree were altered removed in 2018 after it was discovered by the anti hate organization located in Shelbyville 394 Franklin The Forrest Crossing Golf Course owned by the American Golf Corporation changed its name to the Crossing Golf Course on September 22 2017 395 It had been named after Confederate General and Klansman Nathan Bedford Forrest 395 nbsp Removed statue of Nathan Bedford Forrest Health Sciences Park formerly Forrest Park MemphisMemphis Three Confederate themed city parks were hurriedly renamed before the passage of the Tennessee Heritage Protection Act 396 of 2013 Confederate Park 1908 was renamed Memphis Park Jefferson Davis Park 1907 was renamed Mississippi River Park and Forrest Park 1899 was renamed Health Sciences Park 397 398 The vote of the City Council was unanimous 399 At the time the monuments were dedicated African Americans could not use those parks 400 Jefferson Davis Monument in Memphis Park 1904 1964 The city is suing the state to get it removed 401 402 403 It was removed under police guard on December 20 2017 234 Nathan Bedford Forrest Monument commissioned 1901 dedicated 1905 was installed thanks in part to Judge Thomas J Latham s wife 404 It was located in the former Nathan Bedford Forrest Park renamed Health Sciences Park in 2015 Memphis City Council officials were unanimous in seeking to have the statues removed but were blocked by the Tennessee Historical Commission under the Tennessee Heritage Protection Act After exploring legal remedies 402 the city of Memphis decided to sell the two parks to a new non profit Memphis Greenspace whose president was a county commissioner for 1 000 each Memphis Greenspace removed the statue under police guard the same day December 20 2017 234 401 402 405 The Sons of Confederate Veterans sued the city 406 but their suit was unsuccessful 407 In June 2021 Forrest s and his wife s remains began to be removed from Health Sciences Park to be reinterred on private land 408 Statue of J Harvey Mathes Confederate Captain removed December 20 2017 409 Murfreesboro Forrest Hall ROTC building Middle Tennessee State University In 2006 the frieze depicting General Forrest on horseback that had adorned the side of this building was removed amid protests but a major push to change its name failed Also the university s Blue Raiders athletic mascot was changed to a pegasus from a cavalier in order to avoid association with General Forrest 410 605 nbsp Confederate Memorial Hall now known as Memorial Hall Vanderbilt UniversityNashville Confederate Memorial Hall Vanderbilt University was renamed Memorial Hall on August 15 2016 Since the building was built on the back of a 50 000 donation from the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1933 the university returned to them its 2017 equivalent 1 2 million 411 Michael Schoenfeld Vanderbilt s vice chancellor for public affairs said he and other university officials had gotten death threats over his school s decision 412 On June 4 2020 Montgomery Bell Academy announced plans to remove the statue of Sam Davis 1999 which were executed a few days later 413 414 Nathan Bedford Forrest Statue near Interstate 65 was removed on December 7 2021 415 Sewanee Sewanee The University of the South Confederate flags were removed from the Chapel in the mid 1990s reportedly to improve acoustics 416 A portrait of Leonidas Polk was moved from Convocation Hall to Archives and Special Collections in 2015 However two other portraits of Polk currently hang in different locations on campus One can easily find Polk s image and influence all over Sewanee 417 Kirby Smith Monument 1940 Smith was after the war a Sewanee professor of botany and mathematics Plinth marked with Elevate People of Color and Elevate Women in 2018 Removed to Graveyard in 2018 at request of Smith s descendants 418 Texas edit Arlington Six Flags Over Texas theme park In August 2017 it removed the Stars and Bars Confederate Flag after flying it for 56 years with the other flags that have flown over Texas In the 1990s the park renamed the Confederacy section the Old South section and removed all Confederate battle flags 419 University of Texas at Arlington changed its sports mascot from Rebels to Mavericks in the 1970s 420 Austin Children of the Confederacy plaque installed in 1959 inside the State Capitol bore the words that the War Between the States was not a rebellion nor was its underlying cause to sustain slavery The plaque was removed between January 11 and 13 2019 after a unanimous vote by the Texas State Preservation Board chaired by Governor Greg Abbott 421 422 Calls for its removal started in 2017 by then House Speaker Joe Straus in a letter to the State Preservation Board that oversees the Capitol grounds 423 424 in which he was joined by 40 other lawmakers 425 The Texas Confederate Museum closed in 1988 Opened in 1903 in a room on the first floor of the Capital it moved in 1920 to the adjacent Old Land Office Building where it remained until 1998 much longer than the building had been used by the Land Office When the building was vacated for renovation the Museum was not permitted to return The building is now the Capital Visitors Center It never reopened as it never found another home Its collections are now divided between the Haley Memorial Library and History Center in Midland and the Texas Civil War Museum in White Settlement a suburb of Fort Worth Robert E Lee Elementary School 1939 was renamed for local photographer Russell Lee in 2016 426 He was a prominent photographer with the Farm Security Administration and the first Professor of Photography at the University of Texas Johnston High School Named for Albert Sidney Johnston Confederate general killed in the Battle of Shiloh The school closed in 2008 the Liberal Arts and Science Academy is now 2021 at that location 427 Jeff Davis Avenue The Austin City Council voted unanimously to rename the street for William Holland born a slave an educator who served one term in the Texas Legislature and became a Travis County commissioner 428 Robert E Lee Road The Austin City Council voted unanimously to rename the street whose signs had been defaced for Azie Morton the only African American to hold the office of Treasurer of the United States 428 University of Texas In May 2015 the student government at the University of Texas at Austin voted almost unanimously to remove a statue of Jefferson Davis that had been erected on the campus s South Mall 429 430 Beginning shortly after the Charleston church shooting of June 2015 black lives matter was written repeatedly in bold red letters on the base of the statue Previous messages had included Davis must fall and Liberate U T the University of Texas 431 The University of Texas officials convened a task force to determine whether to honor the students petition for removal of the statue Acting on the strong recommendation of the task force UT s President Gregory L Fenves announced on August 13 2015 that the statue would be moved to serve as an educational exhibit in the university s Dolph Briscoe Center for American History museum 432 He said it is not in the university s best interest to continue commemorating him Davis on our Main Mall 433 Legal action by the Sons of Confederate Veterans was unsuccessful 433 The statue was removed on August 30 2015 434 After the removal of the Jefferson Davis statue in 2015 there were four remaining Confederate statues left on the South Mall at the University of Texas portraying Generals Robert E Lee and Albert Sidney Johnston and Confederate Postmaster John H Reagan They were dedicated in 1933 On August 20 21 2017 the university removed the three Confederate statues from the Austin campus grounds and moved them to a museum 435 436 The decision was inspired by the Unite the Right rally on August 10 11 in Charlottesville 437 At the same time a statue of Texas Governor Jim Hogg was also removed although he had no direct link with the Confederacy In 2018 it was announced that it would be reinstalled at a different location 438 IDEA Allan School a charter school was renamed IDEA Montopolis in 2018 It had been named for Confederate Army officer John T Allan Four other related properties in Austin are being similarly renamed 439 In 2019 Lanier High School was renamed Navarro High School to honor 2007 graduate Juan Navarro a U S Army officer killed in Afghanistan Sidney Lanier the poet of the Confederacy 440 served as a private in the CSA 441 nbsp Empty slab after the Confederate War Memorial monument was removed in 2020Dallas Removal of the Confederate War Memorial in Dallas was approved by the Dallas City Council in February 2019 442 but a citizens group filed lawsuits and the planned removal was blocked indefinitely later that year by the Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas 443 On June 11 2020 the city filed an emergency motion for immediate permission to remove the monument citing possible serious injury to protesters if the monument were to be toppled during a planned rally at the site 444 It was removed on June 24 2020 445 In 2016 the John B Hood Middle School renamed itself with the concurrence of the Dallas Independent School District Board of Trustees as the Piedmont Global Academy 290 The Robert E Lee statue in Lee Park along Turtle Creek Boulevard dedicated in 1936 to celebrate the Texas Centennial Exposition was removed on September 14 2017 after the City Council voted 13 1 in favor of removal 446 447 448 The city considered lending it to the Texas Civil War Museum in White Settlement the only local institution willing to accept it but declined because it would not be displayed in a historical context the Dallas City Commission found acceptable 449 In June 2019 the city sold it in an online auction for 1 435 000 on condition that it not be displayed in the Dallas Fort Worth area 47 Thomas Jefferson High School s sports mascot changed from Rebels to Patriots in the 1970s 420 William L Cabell Elementary School named after William Lewis Cabell was renamed Chapel Hill Preparatory in 2018 Stonewall Jackson Elementary School 1939 in Lower Greenville was renamed Mockingbird Elementary School in 2018 after Mockingbird Lane on which it is located 450 Robert E Lee Elementary School was renamed Geneva Heights Elementary School in 2018 451 Robert E Lee Park The park was temporarily renamed Oak Lawn Park until a permanent name can be approved 452 453 Lee Gano Richard Montgomery Gano Stonewall Beauregard and Cabell William Lewis Cabell mayor of Dallas streets are currently named for Confederate generals They will be renamed at a future date 454 Fort Worth Granite marker remembering pioneer banker and Confederate soldier Khleber Miller Van Zandt after the war commander of the trans Mississippi division of the United Confederate Veterans Removed on August 18 2017 and given to the Texas Civil War Museum in White Settlement Texas a Fort Worth suburb 455 Granite marker remembering a violent east Texas Ku Klux Klansman Confederate Brig Gen H P Hinchie Mabry Removed on August 18 2017 and given to the Texas Civil War Museum 455 Southwest High School s sports logo changed from Rebels to Raiders in the 1980s 420 Richland High School Texas formerly had the Confederate flag painted on the floor of the gymnasium 420 Garland South Garland High School removed various Confederate symbols in 2015 A floor tile mosaic donated by the Class of 1968 and a granite sign in front of the school were replaced Both had incorporated the Confederate flag which was part of the school s original coat of arms In addition the district has dropped Dixie as the tune for the school fight song 456 The school changed its Colonel mascot s uniform from Confederate gray to red and blue in 1991 457 Houston Dowling Street Named for Confederate commander Richard W Dowling Renamed Emancipation Avenue in 2017 The street leads to Emancipation Park The site originally was the only municipal park available to blacks who pooled their money in 1872 to buy the property to celebrate their freedom 458 In 2016 Jackson Middle School was renamed for Hispanic community activist Yolanda Black Navarro 459 Lee High School 1962 Originally known as Robert E Lee High School district leaders dropped the Robert E from the school s title to distance the school from the Confederate general 460 School officials changed the name to Margaret Long Wisdom High School in 2016 459 Westbury High School changed the nickname of its athletic teams from the Rebels to the Huskies 461 Lakeside Tarrant County The smallest Confederate monument two small Confederate flags was removed from Confederate Park in August 2017 462 Midland Prior to 2002 the Commemorative Air Force was the Confederate Air Force 463 San Antonio Confederate Soldiers Monument dedicated April 28 1899 located in Travis Park next to The Alamo 464 Removed September 1 2017 465 466 467 Robert E Lee High School renamed LEE Legacy of Education Excellence High School reportedly to preserve the school s history and minimize the expense of renaming in 2017 290 Utah edit St George Dixie State University was renamed in 2022 to Utah Tech University 468 Name of yearbook changed from The Dixie to The Confederate in 1966 then to Dixie College Yearbook in 1994 University dropped the Confederate battle flag as a school symbol 1995 Rodney the Rebel Mascot dropped in 2005 Rebels nickname dropped 2007 Changed briefly to Red Storm now Trailblazers Confederate statue The Rebels 1983 removed 2012 469 Dormitory buildings named after Confederate battle Shiloh Hall Torn down in 2019 470 Dixie Regional Medical Center renamed as Intermountain St George Regional HospitalVermont edit Brattleboro Brattleboro Union High School Until 2004 the school mascot was Colonel Reb a Confederate plantation owner 471 South Burlington South Burlington High School Confederate themed Captain Rebel mascot 1961 use of the Confederate Battle Flag and playing of Dixie almost immediately sparked controversy during the Civil Rights era and every decade since The school board voted to retain the name in 2015 but to change it in 2017 The Rebel Alliance a community group opposed to changing the mascot has led two successful efforts to defeat the school budget in public votes as a protest 472 473 The students choose the Wolves and rebranding is proceeding 474 Virginia edit Statewide Confederate History Month April last celebrated in 2000 475 Lee Jackson Day January 17 was last celebrated in 2020 On February 6 2020 Virginia passed legislation ending celebration of Lee Jackson day a state holiday commemorating Robert E Lee and Thomas Stonewall Jackson 476 The holiday was replaced with Election Day and signed into law by Virginia Governor Ralph Northam 477 Alexandria In 2017 a portrait of Robert E Lee born in Alexandria that hung in the City Council chambers was moved to the Lyceum a local history museum 478 In 2017 the Vestry of Christ Church Alexandria voted unanimously to remove from the sanctuary plaques honoring Washington and Lee placed there just after Lee s death in 1870 saying they make some in our presence feel unsafe or unwelcome 479 In 2017 a hotel on King Street removed a plaque that had been bolted to the wall of the building for decades and gave an incomplete account of the first war related deaths after the Union invaded Alexandria on May 24 1861 The marker posted in 1929 by the Sons and Daughters of Confederate Veterans memorialized the first Southerner killed by the Union belying the fact that he had first shot and killed a Northern colonel on the property 478 In 2020 the Appomattox statue 1899 was removed Dedicated to the Confederate dead and placed in the middle of the intersection of Washington and Prince Streets in 2016 the mayor and city council voted unanimously for it to be moved to a museum 480 The statue was removed and put into storage in June 2020 by its owners the United Daughters of the Confederacy 481 Arlington County Jefferson Davis Highway U S 1 was renamed Richmond Highway in 2019 482 Arlington County announced in December 2020 that Robert E Lee s former home Arlington House was being removed from its icon and seal primarily because it was built by enslaved people and later owned by Lee who led the Confederate Army during the Civil War 483 As of December 18 2023 a Confederate monument in Arlington National Cemetery was scheduled to be removed by the end of the week Governor Glenn Youngkin requested that the statue be preserved at a museum operated by the Virginia Military Institute 484 Bowling Green Confederate Monument 1906 On August 25 2020 the Caroline County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to remove the monument 485 Charlottesville Lee Park the setting for an equestrian statue of Robert E Lee was renamed Emancipation Park on February 6 2017 In July 2018 it was renamed again to Market Street Park On February 6 2017 the Charlottesville City Council also voted to remove the equestrian statue of Lee In April the City Council voted to sell the statue In May a six month court injunction staying the removal was issued as a result of legal action by the Sons of Confederate Veterans and others 486 487 The prospect of removal as well as the park renaming brought numerous white supremacists neo Nazis and other alt right figures to the Unite the Right rally of August 2017 in which there were three fatalities In June 2016 the pedestal had been spray painted with the words Black Lives Matter 488 and overnight between July 7 and 8 2017 it was vandalized by being daubed in red paint 489 On August 20 2017 the City Council unanimously voted to shroud the statue and that of Stonewall Jackson in black The Council also decided to direct the city manager to take an administrative step that would make it easier to eventually remove the Jackson statue 490 The statues were covered in black shrouds on August 23 2017 491 By order of a judge the shrouds were removed in February 2018 After enabling legislation was signed by Governor Ralph Northam in April 2020 492 and following a 2021 Virginia Supreme Court ruling against opponents of removal 493 the Lee statue was removed on July 11 2021 494 The statue was melted down in October 2023 495 On September 6 2017 the city council voted to remove a statue of Confederate Gen Thomas Stonewall Jackson from Emancipation Park 496 The statue was removed on July 11 2021 494 Jackson Park named for Stonewall Jackson was renamed Justice Park 497 In July 2018 it was renamed a second time to Court Square Park nbsp Albemarle County Courthouse and Confederate monument 2010 The University of Virginia Board of Visitors trustees voted unanimously to remove two plaques from the university s Rotunda that honored students and alumni who fought and died for the Confederacy in the Civil War The University also agreed to acknowledge a 1 000 gift in 1921 from the Ku Klux Klan and contribute the amount adjusted for inflation to a suitable cause 498 On September 12 2020 At Ready a statue of a Confederate soldier in front of the Albemarle County courthouse in Charlottesville where it had stood since 1909 was taken down after a unanimous vote of the Albemarle County Board of Supervisors A cannon and pyramid of cannonballs were also removed 499 Doswell Major amusement park Kings Dominion operated the popular Rebel Yell roller coaster from the park s 1975 opening until 2017 The ride s name referenced the Rebel yell a battle cry used by Confederate soldiers during the Civil War On February 2 2018 the park announced that the attraction would be renamed to Racer 75 beginning in the 2018 season although Kings Dominion did not comment on the relationship between the name change and the previous name s Confederate roots in its press release 500 Fairfax County Former J E B Stuart High School reopened as Justice High School in September 2018 The school is near Munson Hill Stuart s headquarters It was given Stuart s name in 1958 as part of the county s massive resistance against the U S Supreme Court order to end racial segregation of public schools 501 502 503 Former Robert E Lee High School in Springfield was renamed John R Lewis High School on July 23 2020 effective for the 2020 2021 school year 504 A statue dedicated to John Quincy Marr the first Confederate officer killed in the Civil War during the Battle of Fairfax Court House June 1861 was removed after a vote by the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors in October 2020 505 Front Royal The segregation academy John S Mosby Academy named for Confederate hero John S Mosby was founded in 1959 as an all white school It closed in 1969 Hampton Robert E Lee Elementary School closed 2010 506 nbsp Old Isle of Wight County Courthouse with former Confederate memorial statueIsle of Wight A generic Johnny Reb statue and its base referring to Confederate Dead were removed from in front of the former Isle of Wight County Courthouse on May 8 2021 507 508 Leesburg The statue of a Confederate private soldier named the Silent Sentinel was removed from the grounds of the Loudoun County Courthouse on July 21 2020 and returned to the United Daughters of the Confederacy 509 510 Lexington In 2011 the City Council passed an ordinance to ban the flying of flags other than the United States flag the Virginia Flag and an as yet undesigned city flag on city light poles Various flags of the Confederacy had previously been flown on city light poles to commemorate the Virginia holiday Lee Jackson Day which was formerly observed on the Friday before Martin Luther King Jr Day 511 About 300 Confederate flag supporters including members of the Sons of Confederate Veterans rallied before the City Council meeting 512 and after the vote the Sons of Confederate Veterans vowed to challenge the new local ordinance in court 511 Court challenges have not been successful and the ordinance remains in effect The city tried to prevent individuals from flying Confederate flags on their own property but a 1993 federal injunction blocked effort 512 On the campus of Washington and Lee University a large Confederate battle flag and a number of related flags were removed from the Lee Chapel in 2014 513 514 Close to Lee Chapel is the older Grace Episcopal Church where Lee attended In 1903 the church was renamed the R E Lee Memorial Church In 2017 the church changed its name back to Grace Episcopal Church 515 516 On September 3 2020 the Lexington City Council voted to rename Stonewall Jackson Cemetery to Oak Grove Cemetery Jackson is buried in the cemetery 517 Virginia Military Institute VMI removed a statue of Confederate General Stonewall Jackson a former VMI professor on December 7 2020 The statue is to be moved to a Civil War museum on a battlefield where VMI cadets and alumni were killed or wounded 518 Lynchburg A statue of Confederate veteran George Morgan Jones was removed from the Randolph College grounds on August 25 2017 208 519 Manassas Stonewall Middle School 1974 was renamed Unity Braxton Middle School in 2020 520 Stonewall Jackson High School 1973 was renamed Unity Reed High School in 2020 520 Norfolk In 2020 the city removed the statue atop the Norfolk Confederate Monument 1907 and put it into storage pending the dismantling of the rest of the monument 521 In June 2020 the City of Norfolk removed the long standing historical marker commemorating Father Abram Ryan The Poet Priest of the Confederacy which had stood on the corner of Tidewater and Lafayette Boulevard for 85 years Petersburg Three schools were renamed effective July 1 2018 522 A 20 000 private donation covered the costs 523 524 A P Hill Elementary became Cool Spring Elementary Robert E Lee Elementary became Lakemont Elementary J E B Stuart Elementary became Pleasants Lane Elementary Portsmouth The Confederate Monument located in the town square Local politicians had been contemplating the fate of the monument since 2015 in 2017 the town s mayor announced that it would be moved to a cemetery and in 2018 courts were involved to determine who owned it In June 2020 protesters beheaded several of the statues and tore one down injuring a man in the process The city covered up the monument as they tried to figure out if and when they could move the remainder 525 526 527 nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp The removed statues on Monument Avenue Richmond clockwise from top left Stonewall Jackson Matthew Fontaine Maury J E B Stuart and Jefferson Davis nbsp Defaced Lee Monument Richmond before removal in 2021Richmond In February 2000 the City Council voted to change the names of the J E B Stuart and Thomas J Stonewall Jackson bridges which cross the James River to the names of Samuel Tucker and Curtis Holt two local notables in the civil rights movement 528 In 2018 J E B Stuart Elementary School 1922 was renamed Barack Obama Elementary School in 2018 529 524 Monument Avenue 2020 On June 10 2020 protesters in the movement protesting the murder of George Floyd tore down the Jefferson Davis Memorial 530 531 It had been marked with Black Lives Matter in 2015 532 531 On July 1 2020 the first day possible under a new statute the city removed the Stonewall Jackson Monument 1919 by sculptor Frederick William Sievers On July 2 2020 the statue of Matthew Fontaine Maury 1929 also by Sievers was removed by the city 533 On July 7 2020 the city removed the J E B Stuart Monument 1907 by Frederick Moynihan 534 2021 On September 8 2021 the Robert E Lee Monument 1890 by Antonin Mercie was removed at the direction of the state government 535 On June 6 2020 the Statue of Williams Carter Wickham 1891 in Monroe Park was toppled from its platform by Black Lives Matter protesters 536 On June 16 2020 the Howitzer Monument 1892 by sculptor Caspar Buberl was torn down by Black Lives Matter protesters 537 On July 8 2020 the statue on top of the Confederate Soldiers and Sailors memorial in the Libby Hill district was removed by the city 538 Busts of Robert E Lee and eight other Confederate leaders were removed from the Old House Chamber in the Virginia State Capitol building on July 23 2020 504 A statue of Lieutenant General A P Hill was taken down from the center of the Laburnum Avenue and Hermitage Road intersection on December 12 2022 by the City of Richmond completing the removal of statues of Confederate officers in the former capital of the Confederacy 539 Roanoke Stonewall Jackson Middle School was renamed John P Fishwick Middle School in July 2018 540 541 Staunton Robert E Lee High School 1967 was renamed Staunton High School in 2018 2019 542 Washington state edit Bellingham Pickett Bridge commemorating an earlier wooden bridge erected by US Army Capt Pickett over Whatcom Creek Sign erected in 1920 was removed August 18 2017 along with signs leading to Pickett House 543 Signs leading to Pickett House were put back up September 2017 544 nbsp Jefferson Davis Highway marker from BlaineBlaine A stone marker at the northernmost end of the state designating Highway 99 the Jeff Davis Highway was erected in the 1930s by the Daughters of the Confederacy with State approval It was removed in 2002 through the efforts of State Representative Hans Dunshee and city officials and after it was discovered that the highway was never officially designated to memorialize Davis by the State 545 The marker stone was moved to Jefferson Davis Park a private park operated by the Sons of Confederate Veterans just outside Ridgefield right beside I 5 546 Everett In 2002 the Washington House of Representatives unanimously approved a bill proposed by Hans Dunshee to rename part of Washington State Route 99 which had been the Jefferson Davis Highway 547 The bill however was killed by a committee of the state s Senate 548 549 In March 2016 the Washington State Legislature unanimously passed a joint memorial that asked the state s transportation commission to designate the road as the William P Stewart Memorial Highway to honor an African American volunteer during the Civil War who later settled in the nearby city of Snohomish 550 In May 2016 the transportation commission agreed to rename the road 547 551 Vancouver In 1998 officials of the city of Vancouver Washington removed a marker of the Jefferson Davis Highway formerly U S Route 99 and placed it in a cemetery shed This action later became controversial when the issues surrounding the Blaine marker were being discussed in the state legislature in 2002 552 The marker was subsequently moved twice more to eventually be placed alongside Interstate 5 on private land purchased for the purpose of giving this marker a permanent home in 2007 553 554 Seattle The Robert E Lee Tree was one of many trees in Seattle s Ravenna Park dedicated to persons of note The tree and plaque were removed in 1926 555 556 The United Confederate Veterans Memorial was a Confederate monument in Seattle s privately owned Lake View Cemetery The monument was toppled by unknown persons apparently on July 3 2020 after weeks of protests in the city following the murder of George Floyd in Minnesota 557 East Wenatchee Robert E Lee Elementary School 1955 The school district rejected a name change in 2015 558 and again in 2017 559 In 2018 it voted to change the name to Lee Elementary School 560 West Virginia edit Charles Town It was in Charles Town in the Jefferson County Courthouse that abolitionist John Brown was tried he was hanged nearby 561 In 1986 the UDC who oppose memorials to John Brown erected at the entrance to the Jefferson County Courthouse a bronze plaque in honor and memory of the Confederate soldiers of Jefferson County who served in the War Between the States The local newspaper Spirit of Jefferson and a group of local African Americans called for its removal 562 On September 7 2017 the Jefferson County Commission voted 5 0 to let the plaque be 563 The group Women s March West Virginia attended each County Commission meeting holding signs that say Remove the plaque 564 After the 2018 elections the composition of the County Commission changed the plaque was the main issue in the election On December 6 2018 the Commission voted 3 2 to remove the plaque and it was removed December 7 565 and returned to the UDC 566 Wisconsin edit Madison Confederate Rest section of Forest Hill Cemetery This section of the cemetery contains the remains of more than 100 Confederate soldiers who died as prisoners of war at nearby Camp Randall In 2015 a flag pole was removed from the section The pole had been used to fly the Confederate flag for one week around Memorial Day 567 568 In August 2017 Madison mayor Paul Soglin ordered the removal of a plaque and a larger stone monument erected in 1906 with UDC funding 569 The plaque which referred to the interred Confederates as valiant Confederate soldiers and unsung heroes was removed on August 17 2017 567 570 571 572 573 Removal of the stone monument which contains the names of the soldiers buried there did not take place immediately because of legal challenges and logistical concerns On October 2 2018 the Madison City Council voted 16 2 for its removal overruling a Landmark Commission s recommendation that it stay 569 In January 2019 a stone cenotaph etched with the names of Confederate 140 prisoners of war was removed from the cemetery by the Madison Parks Department and transferred to storage at the Wisconsin Veterans Museum 574 Brazil edit From 1975 to 1998 a version of the Confederate battle flag appeared in the shield and flag of Americana Brazil a city settled by Confederate expatriates 575 Canada edit Montreal In 1957 the United Daughters of the Confederacy had a plaque installed on the outer wall of a Hudson s Bay Company store commemorating Jefferson Davis s brief stay in the city the plaque was removed following the Charlottesville Unite the Right rally of August 2017 in response to public complaints 576 577 Eastern Passage Nova Scotia When it was built in 1958 the Tallahassee Community School was named after the Confederate cruiser CSS Tallahassee which a local pilot had guided around nearby Lawlor Island in August 1864 to avoid Union warships rumored to be monitoring the main entrance to Halifax Harbour Although nominally a reference to the pilot s navigational feat the name grew controversial due to the Confederacy s support of slavery and the school was renamed Horizon Elementary School in March 2021 578 See also edit nbsp Society portal nbsp United States portalConfederate Memorial Day also contested Dixie Use of term documenting similar removals and name changes List of Confederate monuments and memorials List of monument and memorial controversies in the United States List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests List of monuments to African Americans List of U S Army installations named for Confederate soldiers Memorials to Abraham Lincoln Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr Modern display of the Confederate battle flag Neo Confederates The Naming CommissionNotes edit This chart is based on data from an SPLC survey which identified 1 503 publicly sponsored symbols honoring Confederate leaders soldiers or the Confederate States of America in general The survey excluded nearly 2 600 markers battlefields museums cemeteries and other places or symbols that are largely historical in nature 2 Graham 2016 Many of the treasured monuments that seem to offer a connection to the post bellum South are actually much later anachronistic constructions and they tend to correlate closely with periods of fraught racial relations 19 Graham 2016 A timeline of the genesis of the Confederate sites shows two notable spikes One comes around the turn of the 20th century just after Plessy v Ferguson and just as many Southern states were establishing repressive race laws The second runs from the mid 1950s to the mid 1960s the peak of the civil rights movement 12 19 References edit a b c Berkowitz Bonnie Blanco Adrian June 20 2020 Confederate monuments are falling but hundreds still stand Here s where The Washington Post a b c d e f Gunter Booth Kizzire Jamie April 21 2016 Gunter Booth ed Whose heritage Public Symbols of the Confederacy PDF Southern Poverty Law Center Retrieved June 24 2020 Schachar Natalie August 15 2015 Jindal seeks to block illegal removal of Confederate monuments in New Orleans Los Angeles Times Retrieved August 17 2017 a b Kenning Chris August 15 2017 Confederate Monuments Are Illegally Coming Down Across the United States The New York Times U S cities step up removal of Confederate statues despite Virginia Reuters August 16 2017 Parks Miles August 20 2017 Why Were Confederate Monuments Built NPR NPR Retrieved August 28 2017 Striking graphic reveals the construction of Confederate monuments peaked during the Jim Crow and civil rights eras The Week August 15 2017 Retrieved August 28 2017 a b c Confederate Monuments and Civic Values in the Wake of Charlottesville Dell Upton Society of American Historians September 13 2017 Sah Heritage Conservation Committee December 1 2020 Statement on the Removal of Monuments to the Confederacy from Public Spaces Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 79 4 379 380 doi 10 1525 jsah 2020 79 4 379 ISSN 0037 9808 S2CID 241554344 The Law of Treason The New York Times April 21 1861 Top US General Slams Confederacy As Treason Signals Support For Base Renaming DefenseOne July 9 2020 a b c d Why the U S Capitol Still Hosts Confederate Monuments National Geographic August 17 2017 Archived from the original on August 17 2017 Retrieved August 20 2017 What Confederate Monument Builders Were Thinking Bloomberg News August 20 2017 Retrieved August 21 2017 Parks Miles August 20 2017 Confederate Statues Were Built To Further A White Supremacist Future NPR Retrieved August 21 2017 The History of Blaming Both Sides and Why Language Matters retrieved August 21 2017 Drum Kevin August 15 2017 The real story behind all those Confederate statues Mother Jones Retrieved August 27 2017 Bliss Jessica Meyer Holly August 17 2017 In the South Confederate monuments often protected hard to remove thanks to state laws The Tennessean Archived from the original on July 31 2020 a b Implementation of the Naming Commission s Recommendations PDF United States Department of Defense October 6 2022 Archived PDF from the original on June 22 2023 Retrieved August 23 2023 a b Graham David A April 26 2016 Why Are There Still So Many Confederate Monuments The Atlantic Retrieved August 15 2017 American Historical Association AHA Statement on Confederate Monuments August 2017 Empty Pedestals What should be done with civic monuments to the Confederacy and its leaders HistoryNet Civil War Times Magazine October 2017 Retrieved June 22 2020 Parks Miles August 20 2017 Confederate Statues Were Built To Further A White Supremacist Future NPR Retrieved September 23 2017 Confederate monuments What to do with them Grier Peter Christian Science Monitor August 22 2017 Cox Karen L August 16 2017 Analysis The whole point of Confederate monuments is to celebrate white supremacy The Washington Post Retrieved September 23 2017 Durham Confederate statue tribute to dying veterans or political tool of Jim Crow South The Herald Sun Retrieved September 23 2017 Regime Change in Charlottesville Politico Retrieved August 18 2017 a b Munshi Neil August 17 2017 Trump says it is foolish to remove Confederate symbols Financial Times Retrieved August 17 2017 Stoilas Helen Stapley Brown Victoria August 17 2017 Charlottesville riot hastens removal of Confederate monuments throughout the US The Art Newspaper Retrieved August 17 2017 cite news Very respectfully your obedient servant R E Lee Charleston Courier September 2 1869 McKenney Frank M 1993 The Standing Army History of Georgia s County Confederate Monuments Alpharetta Georgia WH Wolfe Associates p ix McKenney 1993 p 1 McKenney 1993 p 5 Team ARCH International Retrieved March 29 2018 Benard Cheryl Destroying Confederate Monuments Hurts Us All and Accomplishes Nothing The National Interest Retrieved March 29 2018 Debate Over Confederate Monuments C SPAN org c span org Seigler Robert S A Guide to Confederate Monuments in South Carolina Passing the Cup South Carolina Department of Archives and History 1997 p 10 Times Are Changing As Tolerance Weakens For Confederate Monuments NPR org NPR Retrieved June 22 2020 The history and future of Confederate monuments 60 minutes CBS News Retrieved June 22 2020 Charlottesville covers Confederate statues with black shrouds Fox News August 23 2017 Retrieved September 27 2017 Simon Darran May 19 2017 New Orleans removes Gen Robert E Lee statue CNN Retrieved August 17 2017 Stolberg Sheryl Gay Rosenthal Brian M August 12 2017 Man Charged After White Nationalist Rally in Charlottesville Ends in Deadly Violence The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved August 20 2017 Fandos Nicholas Goldman Russell August 16 2017 Baltimore Removes Confederate Statues Mayor Cites Public Safety The New York Times Retrieved August 16 2017 Campbell Colin Richman Talia Broadwater Luke August 16 2017 Confederate monuments taken down in Baltimore overnight Suerth Jessica August 16 2017 Here are the Confederate memorials that will be removed after Charlottesville CNN Retrieved August 16 2017 Holland Jesse J August 15 2017 Deadly rally accelerates ongoing removal of Confederate statues across U S The Chicago Tribune a b Whose Heritage Public Symbols of the Confederacy Southern Poverty Law Center February 1 2019 a b Mervosh Sarah June 22 2019 What Should Happen to Confederate Statues A City Auctions One for 1 4 Million The New York Times The state leading the way in removing Confederate monuments Texas June 5 2018 A majority of Americans want to preserve Confederate monuments Reuters Ipsos poll Reuters August 21 2017 Reuters Ipsos Data Confederate Monuments Archived from the original on October 10 2017 Retrieved October 10 2017 Edwards Levy Ariel August 23 2017 Polls Find Little Support For Confederate Statue Removal But How You Ask Matters via Huff Post HuffPost Confederate Flag August 15 16 2017 1000 US Adults PDF Polling table PDF maristpoll marist edu 2017 Retrieved January 28 2020 Bluestein Greg August 29 2017 Georgia lawmaker Talk of ditching Confederate statues could cause Democrat to go missing Atlanta Journal Constitution Wootson Cleve R Jr August 30 2017 White lawmaker warns black attorney she may go missing if Confederate statues are threatened The Washington Post Take Em Down Jax 2019 Take Down All Symbols of White Supremacy Retrieved February 25 2019 Benjamin Andrea Block Ray Clemons Jared Laird Chryl Wamble Julian April 2020 Set in Stone Predicting Confederate Monument Removal PS Political Science amp Politics 53 2 237 242 doi 10 1017 S1049096519002026 ISSN 1049 0965 Klar Rebecca June 17 2020 Poll Majority supports removing Confederate statues from public places The Hill Retrieved August 22 2020 QU Poll Release Detail QU Poll Quinnipiac University Retrieved August 22 2020 Autry Enoch Screven County Confederate monument rededicated after original toppled The Augusta Chronicle Retrieved July 9 2020 Treisman Rachel February 23 2021 Nearly 100 Confederate Monuments Removed In 2020 Report Says More Than 700 Remain NPR SPLC LAUNCHES THIRD EDITION OF ITS WHOSE HERITAGE REPORT TRACKING CONFEDERATE MEMORIALS AND THEIR REMOVALS ACROSS THE U S Southern Poverty Law Center Retrieved March 3 2022 SPLC Reports 48 Confederate Memorials Removed in 2022 Southern Poverty Law Center Retrieved January 11 2024 Reynolds Jacob August 17 2017 Georgia State Law Makes It Difficult to Completely Remove or Hide Confederate Monuments WMAZ Retrieved November 10 2017 Waggoner Martha April 13 2018 Historians Civil War statues need context should be moved The Washington Post Archived from the original on April 17 2018 Hrynkiw Ivana April 13 2018 AG Birmingham attorneys argue over Confederate memorial Birmingham News Bonner Lynn September 8 2017a NC governor has a new site in mind for 3 Confederate monuments on Capitol grounds News amp Observer Meyer Holly August 17 2017 Why removing Confederate monuments in Tennessee is not an easy process The Tennessean Lohr David May 31 2018 This Is Why Another Confederate Statue Won t Come Down In Tennessee HuffPost Renkl Margaret January 29 2018 A Monument the Old South Would Like to Ignore The New York Times Tennessee Heritage Protection Act TN gov Retrieved January 11 2022 a b Holpuch Amanda July 10 2015 Confederate flag removed from South Carolina capitol in victory for activists The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved October 10 2017 An act to ensure respectful treatment of the American flag and the North Carolina flag by state agencies and other political subdivisions of the state to establish the Division of Veterans Affairs as the clearinghouse for the disposal of worn tattered and damaged flags to provide for the protection of monuments and memorials commemorating events persons and military service in North Carolina history and to transfer custody of certain historic documents in the possession of the Office of the Secretary of State to the Department of Cultural Resources and to facilitate public opportunity to view these documents SL 2015 170 Act of July 23 2015 PDF Fandos Nicholas Fausset Richard Blinder Alan August 16 2017 Charlottesville Violence Spurs New Resistance to Confederate Symbols The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 10 2017 Wahlers Kasi E 2016 North Carolina s Heritage Protection Act Cementing Confederate Monuments in North Carolina s Landscape North Carolina Law Review 94 6 8 2176 Cooper Governor Roy August 15 2017 North Carolina Monuments Medium Retrieved May 10 2023 a b Jackson Amanda Durham North Carolina Seven arrested in toppling of Confederate statue CNN Retrieved August 17 2017 Ross Janell Berman Mark Achenbach Joel August 16 2017 Mayors taking swift action to avoid becoming the next Charlottesville The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Retrieved August 26 2017 a b Silva Daniella August 15 2017 National Battle Over Confederate Monuments Renewed After Charlottesville Violence NBC News Lennon Preston November 5 2018 Silent Sam and Carolina Hall The Board of Trustee s sic quest for context Daily Tar Heel Green Jordan November 29 2019 N C ban on removal of Confederate monuments is challenged as local councils continue to bring down statues The Washington Post Rankin Sarah March 8 2020 Lawmakers pass bill allowing Confederate monument removals ABC News Northam signs bills on Confederate monuments LGBTQ protections NBC29 com April 12 2020 Sturla Anna Haider Monica January 6 2020 Richmond the former capital of the Confederacy seeks local control of its Civil War monuments CNN Gstalter Morgan January 15 2019 Alabama judge overturns law that prevents removal of Confederate monuments The Hill Stewart Ian January 15 2019 Judge Throws Out Alabama Law That Protects Confederate Monuments NPR Alabama Supreme Court upholds Confederate monument law al November 27 2019 Archived copy Archived from the original on November 29 2019 Retrieved December 3 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link H R 7573 To direct the Joint Committee on the Library to replace the bust of Roger Brooke Taney in the Old Supreme Court Chamber of the United States Capitol with a bust of Thurgood Marshall to be obtained by the Joint Committee on the Library and to remove certain statues from areas of the United States Capitol which are accessible to the public to remove all statues of individuals who voluntarily served the Confederate States of America from display in the United States Capitol and for other purposes congress gov July 22 2020 Retrieved November 2 2020 Walsh Deirdre July 22 2020 House Passes Bill Removing Confederate Statues Other Figures From Capitol NPR Retrieved July 23 2020 S 4382 A bill to direct the Joint Committee on the Library to replace the bust of Roger Brooke Taney in the Old Supreme Court Chamber of the Capitol with a bust of Thurgood Marshall to be obtained by the Joint Committee on the Library and to remove certain statues from areas of the Capitol which are accessible to the public to remove all statues of individuals who voluntarily served the Confederate States of America from display in the Capitol and for other purposes govtrack us July 30 2020 Retrieved November 2 2020 McLeod Ethan August 17 2017 Someone Toppled the Madre Luz Sculpture that Briefly Replaced Baltimore s Lee Jackson Monument Baltimore Fishbowl Retrieved September 29 2018 Harvey Steve August 31 2018 Madre Luz Another Chicago Magazine Kytle Ethan J Roberts Blain August 22 2018 Broken Tributes to a Morally Bankrupt Cause The New York Times Schneider Gregory S February 1 2022 The last stands Richmond starts taking down Confederate statues pedestals too MSN Confederate general s name removed from Army s road Deseret News Associated Press August 1 2000 Retrieved February 23 2018 Confederate items to be banned from all Marine bases KTVU Associated Press March 2 2020 Report www thenamingcommission gov Archived from the original on February 10 2023 Retrieved February 10 2023 Adams Matthew April 27 2023 Fort Lee renamed Fort Gregg Adams to honor two pioneering Black officers Stars and Stripes Vrabel Mike March 24 2023 VNG installation officially redesignated Fort Barfoot U S Army Washington Post Editorial Board May 26 2022 Work to scrub the Confederate stain from military bases is off to a good start Washington Post Gast Phil April 11 2023 Fort Rucker was named for a Confederate The Army post will now be called Fort Novosel for a Medal of Honor recipient who rescued thousands CNN https www aol com pentagon renames georgia fort final 155520924 html West Point will remove Confederate symbols from its campus Associated Press December 22 2022 Charles Dean June 24 2015 Alabama Gov Bentley removes Confederate flags from Capitol grounds The Birmingham News Retrieved June 24 2015 Anniston Star March 27 2022 Alabama city removes Confederate monument following vote Associated Press September 28 2020 Archived from the original on September 30 2020 Retrieved December 21 2020 Sheets Connor June 2 2020 Obituary for a racist symbol Birmingham takes down Confederate monument after 115 years al com Alabama attorney general sues Birmingham for removing Confederate monument al com June 2 2020 Reeves Jay June 2 2020 Confederate monuments targeted by protests come down in Alabama Virginia Florida WPBI LD Associated Press Edgemon Erin July 16 2016 Alabama police officer crashes into Confederate Monument while on patrol AL com Retrieved August 16 2017 Montgomery David August 6 2017 A car crash topples a Confederate statue and forces a Southern town to confront its past The Week Retrieved August 16 2017 Confederate monument in Huntsville removed overnight AL com October 23 2020 Retrieved November 2 2020 Cason Mike June 2 2020 4 face felony charge for bringing down Robert E Lee High statue al com Koplowitz Howard November 10 2022 Montgomery school board approves name changes for Jefferson Davis Robert E Lee high schools al com Retrieved August 16 2023 University of Alabama trustees vote to rename hall honoring ardent white supremacist Montgomery Advertiser September 17 2020 Retrieved February 23 2021 Demer Lisa July 2 2015 Wade Hampton no more Alaska census area named for confederate officer gets new moniker Alaska Dispatch News Retrieved July 2 2015 At least 3 Confederate monuments believed to be standing in Arizona The Arizona Republic July 25 2020 Retrieved February 23 2021 a b 2 Arizona Confederate monuments on state land relocated to private property Fox10phoenix com July 22 2020 Retrieved February 23 2021 Fischer Howard July 24 2020 Confederate marker stolen from Picacho Peak Arizona Capitol Times Retrieved February 23 2021 Prior Ryan February 28 2019 Arkansas legislators rejected a proposal to change the meaning of a star on the state flag that honors the Confederacy CNN Goss Kay C 2018 County Judge Office of Encyclopedia of Arkansas Central Arkansas Library System Retrieved April 15 2019 Tucker Clarke October 11 2018 A new statue to represent Arkansas in D C Arkansas Times Itkowitz Colby April 17 2019 Johnny Cash to replace Confederate statue on Capitol Hill The Washington Post Fort Smith Educators Target Dixie Rebel Mascot Southwest Times Record Archived from the original on August 31 2017 Retrieved August 31 2017 Mathis Kevan August 13 2003 Icon gone General Jubilation T Cornpone of Dogpatch fame charges into Branson for repairs Harrison Daily Times Retrieved July 9 2020 Barnes Steve October 20 2015 Arkansas capital renames street long known as Confederate Boulevard Reuters Retrieved August 31 2017 a b Simpson Stephen June 21 2020 Arkansas statues fall raising fresh debate Arkansas Democrat Gazette Retrieved April 28 2021 Durham David L 1998 California s Geographic Names A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State Clovis Calif Word Dancer Press p 887 ISBN 1 884995 14 4 Salinas Confederate Corners renamed Springtown The Salinas Californian Retrieved May 21 2018 Epstein Jennifer Rice July 19 2016 Long Beach to Rename Three Schools The Grunion Long Beach California Retrieved August 16 2017 Harvey Steve May 29 2010 Southern California does indeed have a Civil War history Los Angeles Times Retrieved July 11 2017 So will Hollywood Forever Cemetery where the Long Beach chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy maintains a Confederate monument Bosman Julie September 21 2017 Battle Over Confederate Monuments Moves to the Cemeteries The New York Times FOX Confederate monument at Hollywood Forever Cemetery to be removed KTTV Archived from the original on August 16 2017 Retrieved August 16 2017 McCormick Chris August 24 2017 My California high school had a Confederate mascot Los Angeles Times ISSN 0458 3035 Retrieved August 31 2017 Magee Maureen May 23 2016 Robert E Lee school name changed The San Diego Union Tribune Retrieved August 16 2017 J D Highway Rootsweb ancestry com August 16 2017 Archived from the original on August 16 2017 Retrieved August 19 2017 Ward Christopher August 16 2017 Christopher Ward on Twitter This morning we removed plaque in HortonPlazaPark honoring Jefferson Davis Monuments to bigotry have no place in SanDiego or anywhere Retrieved August 17 2017 via Twitter Taylor Otis R Jr August 18 2017 Bay Area isn t above the Confederacy fray High school scrubs Rebel mascot The San Francisco Chronicle Retrieved August 31 2017 Ford Matt Why Are Confederate Statues Still Displayed in the Capitol The Atlantic Retrieved October 10 2017 Kennedy Merrit December 21 2020 Virginia Removes Its Robert E Lee Statue From U S Capitol NPR Archived from the original on December 21 2020 Retrieved December 21 2020 John Edward Hurley September 12 1997 Court Action Forces Confederate Museum to Close This is apparently an imitation news article Confederate Memorial Association Retrieved April 15 2019 Capps Kriston June 19 2015 Texas Built a Confederate Memorial on a Street Named for Martin Luther King Jr CityLab Montgomery David April 11 2011 Traces of the Confederacy in Washington not all gone with the wind The Washington Post Boorstein Michelle September 6 2017 Washington National Cathedral to remove stained glass windows honoring Robert E Lee Stonewall Jackson The Washington Post Retrieved September 11 2017 Associated Press June 20 2020 D C protesters pull down burn statue of Confederate general POLITICO Stein Perry June 20 2020 Protesters topple only Confederate statue in the nation s capital The Washington Post Retrieved July 10 2020 Schultz Kyley June 20 2020 Who was Confederate General Albert Pike and why was his statue in DC in the first place WUSA Retrieved July 10 2020 Elias Dave August 18 2017 Fort Myers mayor considering options for removing Civil War pieces WBBH Archived from the original on October 23 2017 Retrieved October 19 2017 Associated Press Florida Senate plans to remove Confederate flag from seal Sun Sentinel October 19 2015 Flsenate Archive Information Center gt About the Legislature archive flsenate gov Archived from the original on March 20 2021 Retrieved August 28 2017 Morse Hannah August 22 2017 Commission votes to move Confederate monument from courthouse Bradenton Herald Retrieved August 23 2017 In Memory of Our Confederate Soldiers Florida Public Archaeology Network University of West Florida Archived from the original on September 3 2017 Retrieved August 22 2017 While moving it in the middle of the night crews break Confederate monument Bradenton Herald Retrieved October 10 2017 a b c d e Widener Ralph W 1982 Confederate monuments Enduring symbols of the South and the War Between the States Andromeda Associates OCLC 8697924 Callihan Ryan September 29 2018 Confederate monument activists say Manatee government is being shady Records say otherwise Bradenton Herald Hughes Brian November 3 2015 Crestview s Confederate battle flag comes down Saturday Northwest Florida Daily News Retrieved August 16 2017 a b Hughes Brian January 27 2016 Civil War historian questions Lundy s legend Northwest Florida Daily News Retrieved August 16 2017 Spring Mike August 18 2017 Daytona Beach Confederate plaques removed from Riverfront Park WFTV 9 ABC Retrieved September 13 2017 Scott Brian August 18 2017 Daytona Beach removes Confederate monuments Story WOFL Fox35Orlando com Retrieved October 12 2017 Three Confederate monuments were removed from a city park in Daytona Beach Friday morning Moyer Crystal Most Confederate statues in Central Florida have been relocated WKMG TV clickorlando com Smith Bill DeLuca Dan March 12 2019 Robert E Lee bust toppled in Fort Myers police call it apparent act of vandalism Fort Myers News Press Robert E Lee Bust Artswfl com FPAN Destination Civil War Photo Gallery Robert e Lee Monument Dedication of monument Archived from the original on June 4 2011 Retrieved May 12 2020 Smith Bill May 21 2018 Fort Myers City Council takes no action on Robert E Lee monuments Fort Myers News Press Smith Bill May 15 2018 Supporters foes of Robert E Lee monument clash in downtown Fort Myers Fort Myers News Press Tinker Cleveland County votes to offer Old Joe to United Daughters of Confederacy Gainesville Sun Retrieved August 20 2017 Caplan Andrew Confederate statue removed from downtown Gainesville Gainesville Sun Bryan Susannah April 3 2018 Hollywood s Confederate street signs finally coming down Sun Sentinel Mask Deidre April 2 2020 Confederacy in the hood Why did a predominantly black district have streets named after Southern generals In Hollywood Florida one man thought it was time for change 1843 Magazine Florida high school at last breaks ties with Confederate past Tampa Bay Times December 17 2013 Retrieved August 19 2017 Strauss Valerie December 16 2013 School named after KKK grand wizard to be renamed finally The Washington Post Retrieved February 22 2018 Pearson Michael December 17 2013 Florida school will drop Confederate Nathan B Forrest s name CNN Retrieved February 22 2018 Pierce Tracy Six schools to be renamed following School Board approval Team Duval news Duval County Public Schools Retrieved March 19 2023 Bauerlein David Nguyen Thao December 27 2023 Jacksonille mayor removes Confederate monument while GOP official decries cancel culture USA Today Retrieved December 27 2023 a b Moore Kimberly C January 29 2019 US District judge dismisses lawsuit filed by Confederate rights groups over moving Munn Park monument in Lakeland The Ledger Lakeland Florida Elmhorst Rick May 7 2018 Lakeland commissioners OK move of Munn Park Confederate statue Bay News 9 Retrieved May 26 2018 Moore Kimberly C Monument supporters including former Mayor Howard Wiggs chastise Lakeland commission over plan to use red light camera ticket money to pay for move The Ledger Retrieved March 22 2019 Guinn Allison February 4 2019 Commission gives go ahead on Confederate monument move The Ledger Lakeland Florida Davis Corey March 22 2019 Crews move Lakeland Confederate monument WFLA TV Archived from the original on March 22 2019 Retrieved March 22 2019 Kelly Jason July 4 2017 Watch Crews remove Confederate statue from Lake Eola Park WFTV Retrieved August 20 2017 Crews begin preps to remove Confederate statue from Lake Eola Park WESH June 15 2017 Retrieved October 2 2017 When the statue is moved it will be placed in the Confederate section of Greenwood Cemetery Putnam County Confederate Memorial Retrieved August 16 2017 Abbott Jim August 26 2020 Putnam s Confederate monument to get a new home But where The Daytona Beach News Journal Spencer Brandon June 11 2020 Gadsden County removes Confederate statue in Quincy WCTV Archived from the original on June 13 2020 Retrieved June 14 2020 William Wing Loring Monument Florida Public Archaeology Network Archived from the original on December 15 2018 Retrieved August 25 2020 University of Florida removes confederate monument in St Augustine WCJB August 24 2020 Frago Charlie August 15 2017 Kriseman removes Confederate marker from St Pete s waterfront Tampa Bay Times Archived from the original on August 16 2017 Retrieved August 16 2017 St Pete Mayor Orders Removal Of Confederate Marker WUSF August 16 2017 Retrieved August 16 2017 Clark Kristen M October 19 2015 Florida Senate jettisons Confederate battle flag from seal Tampa Bay Times Retrieved August 19 2017 Flsenate Archive Information Center gt About the Legislature Archived from the original on August 11 2017 Retrieved August 23 2017 These 5 states still use Confederate symbols in their flags MSNBC Retrieved October 10 2017 a b c Contorno Steve June 17 2017 For Tampa s Confederate monument racist history clouds claims of heritage Tampa Bay Times Archived from the original on August 15 2017 Retrieved August 15 2017 Electrical fire Hurricane Irma blamed for Lee Elementary fire Tampa Bay Times October 5 2017 p T5 via newspapers com a b White D Ann Lawrence March 22 2018 Confederate Statue Gets New Home In Brandon Family Cemetery Brandon Patch Marrero Tony September 4 2017 How to move a 14 ton century old Confederate monument Tampa Bay Times Retrieved March 20 2018 a b c Marrero Tony September 5 2017 Hillsborough judge denies request for injunction to halt removal of Confederate monument in Tampa Tampa Bay Times Retrieved October 4 2017 DiNatale Sara August 19 2017 Southern heritage groups sue to keep Confederate monument at old Tampa courthouse Tampa Bay Times Retrieved August 22 2017 Hillsborough judge denies request for injunction to halt removal of Confederate monument in Tampa Tampa Bay Times Retrieved October 4 2017 Dawson Anastasia June 2 2020 Giant Confederate flag lowered after threats to set it on fire Tampa Bay Times Kleinberg Eliot August 23 2017 West Palm removes Confederate monument from city cemetery The Palm Beach Post Archived from the original on July 21 2018 Retrieved July 21 2018 Bentzai Maxine August 22 2017 Confederate Monument Removed from Cemetery in West Palm Beach Sun Sentinel Hunash Lisa J August 21 2017 Confederate statue to be removed from West Palm Beach cemetery Sun Sentinel Confederate monument removal begins in West Palm Beach WPTV August 22 2017 Retrieved October 10 2017 Isger Sonja June 30 2015 PBC board dropped Jeff Davis name from school 10 years ago this week Extra Credit The Palm Beach Post Archived from the original on August 22 2017 Retrieved October 7 2017 Bluestein Greg September 23 2016 Confederate holidays booted from state calendar Atlanta Journal Constitution Confederate Memorial Day is still celebrated in these states USA Today Retrieved October 10 2017 a b Roll Nick August 28 2017 Confederate Round Up Inside Higher Ed Retrieved August 28 2017 Shearer Lee August 10 2020 Removal of downtown Athens Confederate monument begins Monday Athens Banner Herald Retrieved July 16 2022 Allen Stephanie June 25 2021 Athens Confederate monument being reassembled in its new location Athens Banner Herald Retrieved July 16 2022 These Atlanta neighbors no longer wanted to live on Confederate Avenue Here s what they did about it CNN The Tide Brunswick s Confederate monument finally comes down The Current May 17 2022 Confederate obelisk removed from Georgia square amid cheers Associated Press June 19 2020 Silverman Hollie February 7 2021 2 Confederate statues were removed in Georgia within 3 days CNN Retrieved February 23 2021 Macon Bibb Commission approves moving two Confederate monuments for downtown improvements WMAZ July 21 2020 Retrieved June 23 2022 Johnston Micah Slinkard Caleb June 22 2022 Crews begin moving two Macon Confederate monuments after years of legal battles The Telegraph Christen Mike September 18 2018 SCV reward grows to 10 000 for vandalized Confederate statue Columbia Daily Herald Archived from the original on September 20 2018 Retrieved September 20 2018 Autry Enoch August 31 2018 Confederate monument destroyed in Sylvania reward offered Augusta Chronicle span title, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
