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Murder of George Floyd

February 27, 2023

On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man, was murdered in Minneapolis, Minnesota by Derek Chauvin, a 44-year-old white police officer.[12] Floyd had been arrested after a store clerk alleged that Floyd made a purchase using a counterfeit $20 bill.[13] Chauvin knelt on Floyd's neck for over nine minutes while Floyd was handcuffed and lying face-down in a street.[14][15][16] Two other police officers, J. Alexander Kueng and Thomas Lane, assisted Chauvin in restraining Floyd. Lane had also pointed a gun at Floyd's head prior to Floyd being put in handcuffs.[17] A fourth police officer, Tou Thao, prevented bystanders from intervening.[18]

Murder of George Floyd
Part of police brutality in the United States
Frame from witness video, showing Derek Chauvin kneeling on George Floyd's neck
LocationMinneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Coordinates44°56′04″N 93°15′45″W / 44.93433°N 93.26244°W / 44.93433; -93.26244Coordinates: 44°56′04″N 93°15′45″W / 44.93433°N 93.26244°W / 44.93433; -93.26244
DateMay 25, 2020; 2 years ago (2020-05-25)
c. 8:01–9:25 pm CDT (UTC−5)
Attack type
VictimGeorge Perry Floyd Jr., aged 46
Perpetrators
Verdict
Convictions
Trial
Sentence
  • Federal sentences:
  • Chauvin:
  • 21 years in prison[7][8]
  • Kueng:
  • 3 years in prison[9]
  • Lane:
  • 2+1⁄2 years in prison[10]
  • Thao:
  • 3+1⁄2 years in prison[9]
  • State sentences:
  • Chauvin:
  • 22+1⁄2 years in prison
  • Kueng:
  • 3+1⁄2 years in prison
  • Lane:
  • 3 years in prison[11]
Charges
  • Thao:
  • State charges:
  • Aiding and abetting second-degree murder, aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter

Prior to being placed on the ground, Floyd had exhibited signs of anxiety, complaining about having claustrophobia, and being unable to breathe.[19] After being restrained, he became more distressed, still complaining of breathing difficulties, of the knee on his neck, and of fear of imminent death.[14] After several minutes, Floyd stopped speaking.[14] For the last few minutes, he lay motionless and Officer Kueng found no pulse when urged to check.[20][21] Despite this, Chauvin ignored pleas from bystanders to lift his knee from Floyd's neck.[22]

The following day, after videos made by witnesses and security cameras became public, all four officers were fired.[23] Two autopsies, and one autopsy review, found Floyd's death to be a homicide.[24][25] On March 12, 2021, Minneapolis agreed to pay US$27 million to settle a wrongful death lawsuit brought by Floyd's family. On April 20, Chauvin was convicted of unintentional second-degree murder, third-degree murder, and second-degree manslaughter,[4][26] and sentenced to 22.5 years in prison on June 25.[27] All four officers faced federal civil rights charges.[28] In December 2021, Chauvin pled guilty to federal charges of violating Floyd's civil rights by using unreasonable force and ignoring his serious medical distress.[29][30] The other three officers were also later convicted of violating Floyd's civil rights.[31] Lane pleaded guilty in May 2022 to a state charge for aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter[32] and on September 21, 2022, was sentenced to three years in prison to be served concurrently with his 2.5-year federal sentence.[33] Kueng pleaded guilty on October 24, 2022, to the state charges of aiding and abetting manslaughter and was sentenced to 42 months in prison, to be served concurrently with his federal sentence.[34][35] Thao waived his right to a jury trial on the state charge in lieu of a review of the evidence and a determination by a judge, with a verdict to be delivered within 90 days after January 31, 2023.[36]

Floyd's murder led to worldwide protests against police brutality, police racism, and lack of police accountability.[37][38]

People involved

George Floyd

Main article: George Floyd

George Perry Floyd Jr. was a 46-year-old black American born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, and raised in the Third Ward[39] of Houston, Texas.[40][41][42] In 2014, he moved to the Minneapolis, Minnesota, area.[43] He resided in the nearby suburb of St. Louis Park, and was a frequent customer at the Cup Foods convenience store in Powderhorn Park, Minneapolis.[44]

Derek Chauvin

Main article: Derek Chauvin

At the time of Floyd's murder, Derek Michael Chauvin, a white American,[45] was a 44-year-old police officer in the Minneapolis Police Department. He had served in the department since 2001.[46][47] Chauvin and Floyd sometimes worked overlapping shifts as security guards for a local nightclub, but the club's former owner was unsure of the extent of their acquaintance.[48][49]

Tou Thao

Tou Thao, a Hmong-American,[50] was aged 34 at the time of Floyd's murder and started as a part-time community service officer in 2008. He graduated from the police academy in 2009. After a two-year layoff, he resumed police work in 2012.[46][51] Six complaints had been filed against Thao, none resulting in disciplinary action. In 2014, a man claimed Thao handcuffed him without cause, threw him to the ground, and punched, kicked, and kneed him; the man's teeth were broken and he was hospitalized.[46][52] The resulting lawsuit was settled for $25,000.[46] Thao kept bystanders away and has been found guilty of violating Floyd's civil rights.[53]

J. Alexander Kueng and Thomas Lane

James Alexander Kueng, a Black[36] American then aged 26, and Thomas Kiernan Lane, a White[36] American then aged 37,[54][55][56] were licensed as law enforcement officers in August 2019.[55][57] They had trained together.[58] Chauvin was the superior officer responsible for the majority of Kueng's field training.[58] On May 3, 2020, video of an arrest incident in Minneapolis showed Chauvin, Kueng, Lane, and another officer roughly detaining a man on the ground as bystanders pleaded for the officers to show mercy. Kueng and Lane were with Chauvin as the day was part of their field training. The man, whom they detained wrongfully, said he had trouble breathing, and the incident was later said to be similar to the arrest of George Floyd on May 25, 2020.[59][60] Kueng and Lane were in their first week as Minneapolis police officers when Floyd was murdered.[61][54] Lane's application to join the police department had portions covering his prior criminal history redacted, including convictions for obstructing legal process and damaging property when he was 18.[62] Kueng and Lane helped Chauvin to hold Floyd down; both were found guilty of violating Floyd's civil rights.[53] In October 2022, Keung pleaded guilty to aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter and in December 2022, he was sentenced to three and a half years in jail.[63]

Arrest and murder

Initial events

 
The intersection of Chicago Avenue and E. 38th Street on May 30, where Floyd was murdered just left of the awning

On the evening of May 25, 2020, sometime before 8:00 pm, Floyd purchased cigarettes at Cup Foods, a grocery store at the intersection of East 38th Street and Chicago Avenue in the Powderhorn Park neighborhood of Minneapolis. A store employee believed Floyd had paid with a counterfeit $20 bill.[64][65] Employees of the store approached Floyd while he was in his vehicle[64]: 1:25 [65]: 1:33 [66] and demanded that Floyd return the cigarettes; he refused.[65]: 1:43 [14] A store employee called the police to report that Floyd had passed "fake bills", was "awfully drunk", and "not in control of himself".[64]: 1:33 [65]: 1:51  The store owner said later that most patrons who pay in counterfeit bills do not realise they are fake, and that the store called the police to "make sure there is no crime being committed".[67] The interaction between Floyd and the employees was recorded by the restaurant's security camera.[64]: 0:49 [65]: 1:24 [68][b]

External video
  Raw police bodycam footage beginning at approximately 8:09 p.m. on YouTube (1 hr 5 mins)

At 8:08, Kueng and Lane arrived, briefly entering Cup Foods before crossing the street to Floyd's SUV,[64]: 1:41 [65]: 2:00  parked in front of a Dragon Wok Minneapolis restaurant. Lane tapped his flashlight on the window, startling Floyd.[69][70] He asked Floyd to show his hands, and tapped again when he did not obey. Floyd apologized as he opened the car door. Lane instructed him three more times to show his hands. Seconds after the door opened, he drew his gun and ordered Floyd to show his hands.[69] When Floyd complied, Lane holstered his weapon.[14][71] Someone parked behind Floyd's SUV began recording a video at 8:10.[64]: 1:56 [65]: 2:28  They briefly struggled,[64]: 2:10  and Lane pulled Floyd from the SUV and handcuffed him.[65]: 2:20  Two other people who were riding in the car with Floyd, including 45-year-old Shawanda Hill, were interrogated. At 8:12, Kueng sat Floyd on the sidewalk against the wall in front of the restaurant.[64]: 2:22 [65]: 2:33 

Lane asked Floyd if he was "on something right now", and Floyd replied "No, nothing". Kueng told Floyd he was acting "real erratic" and Floyd said that he was scared. Kueng asked Floyd about foam around his mouth, to which Floyd responded that he had been "hooping"[c] earlier.[73][78][76] Floyd then said he was calming down, and remarked, "I'm feeling better now."[79]

At 8:13,[64]: 2:30  Kueng and Lane told Floyd he was under arrest and walked him to their police car across the street.[16] The officers then leaned him against the car's door.[64]: 2:42 [65]: 3:00  Floyd told the officers that he was not resisting, but that he was recovering from COVID-19, that he was claustrophobic and had anxiety, and that he did not want to sit in the car.[15][16][65]: 3:10 [19] While Kueng and Lane attempted to put him in the car, Floyd begged them not to, repeatedly saying "I can't breathe" and offering to lie on the ground instead.[16][19][80] A Minneapolis Park Police officer arrived and guarded Floyd's vehicle (across the street by the restaurant) and the two people who had been in it with Floyd.[64]: 2:53 [81]

At 8:17, Chauvin and Thao arrived in a third police car joining Kueng and Lane[64]: 3:32 [65]: 3:27  with Chauvin assuming command.[15] He asked if Floyd was going to jail, and Kueng replied that he was arrested for forgery.[73] Floyd said "I can't fucking breathe" twice.[78] Around 8:18, security footage from Cup Foods shows Kueng struggling with Floyd for at least a minute in the driver side backseat while Thao watches.[64]: 3:54 [65]: 3:49  According to The New York Times, at 8:19, Chauvin pulled Floyd across the backseat from the driver side to the passenger side.[65]: 3:56  Then, according to NPR, Floyd exited the vehicle while being pulled out by police[19] and falling to the pavement.[14]

Chauvin kneels on Floyd's neck

External video
  Witness video showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck on YouTube (10 min 8 s)

While Floyd lay on his chest with his cheek to the ground, Chauvin knelt on his neck.[19] Floyd stopped moving around 8:20, though he was still conscious.[64]: 4:10  Multiple witnesses began to film the encounter, and their videos were circulated widely on the internet.[14][65]: 4:06  At 8:20, a witness across the street began recording a video showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck, Kueng applying pressure to Floyd's torso, and Lane applying pressure to Floyd's legs, while Thao stood nearby.[64]: 4:13 [65]: 4:11 [14] This witness stopped filming when one of the officers ordered him to leave.[65]: 4:35  Also at 8:20, a second person, standing near the entrance of Cup Foods, began recording the incident.[64]: 4:26 [65]: 5:08 [40] Floyd can be heard repeatedly saying "I can't breathe", "Please", and "Mama";[14][64]: 4:44 [65]: 4:28  Lane then asked for an ambulance for Floyd, "for one bleeding from the mouth".[78] Floyd repeated at least 16 times that he could not breathe.[65]: 5:46  At one point a witness said: "You got him down. Let him breathe."[82] After Floyd said, "I'm about to die", Chauvin told him to "relax".[83] An officer asked Floyd, "What do you want?"; Floyd answered, "Please, the knee in my neck, I can't breathe."[83]

At approximately 8:22, the officers called for an ambulance on a non-emergency basis, escalating the call to emergency status a minute later.[64]: 4:50 [65]: 4:42  Chauvin continued to kneel on Floyd's neck.[65]: 5:15  A passerby yelled to Floyd, "Well, get up, get in the car, man", and Floyd, still handcuffed and face down on the pavement, responded, "I can't", while Chauvin's knee remained on his neck.[65]: 5:26  Floyd said, "My stomach hurts, my neck hurts, everything hurts", requested water,[84] and begged, "Don't kill me."[85] One witness pointed out that Floyd was bleeding from the nose.[86] Another told the officers that Floyd was "not even resisting arrest right now".[40] Thao countered that Floyd was "talking, he's fine"; a witness replied that Floyd "ain't fine ... Get him off the ground ... You could have put him in the car by now. He's not resisting arrest or nothing. You're enjoying it. Look at you. Your body language explains it."[86][87] As Floyd continued to cry for help, Thao said to witnesses: "This is why you don't do drugs, kids."[88]

By 8:25, Floyd appeared unconscious, and bystanders confronted the officers about Floyd's condition. Chauvin pulled out mace to keep bystanders away as Thao moved between them and Chauvin.[89][90] Bystanders repeatedly yelled that Floyd was "not responsive right now" and urged the officers to check his pulse.[64]: 5:22 [65]: 6:53 [14] Kueng checked Floyd's wrist but found no pulse;[14] the officers did not attempt to provide Floyd with medical assistance while he was on the ground.[65]: 6:46  According to the criminal complaint against Chauvin, Lane asked Chauvin twice if they should move Floyd onto his side,[91] and Chauvin said no.[65]: 7:02 

Medical response and death

At 8:27, a Hennepin County ambulance arrived.[64]: 5:56 [65]: 7:11  Shortly thereafter, a young relative of the owner of Cup Foods attempted to intervene, but was pushed back by Thao.[64]: 6:03  Emergency medical technicians checked Floyd's pulse.[65]: 7:17  Chauvin kept his knee on Floyd's neck for almost a minute after the ambulance arrived, despite Floyd being silent and motionless.[65]: 7:21 

Around 8:29, Floyd was lifted by paramedics onto a stretcher,[92] then loaded into an ambulance.[65]: 7:43 [14] Lane boarded the ambulance and checked Floyd's pulse at his neck, and a medic instructed him to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation.[93] A medical device was placed on Floyd's chest to provide mechanical chest compressions,[93] and the ambulance departed for Hennepin County Medical Center.[64]: 6:35 [65]: 7:43 [14]

En route, the ambulance requested assistance from the Minneapolis Fire Department.[64]: 6:35 [65]: 7:43 [14] At 8:32, firefighters arrived at Cup Foods;[64]: 6:56 [65]: 7:56  according to their report, the police officers gave no clear information regarding Floyd's condition or whereabouts, which delayed their ability to find the ambulance.[65]: 7:56 [94] Meanwhile, the ambulance reported that Floyd was entering cardiac arrest and again requested assistance, asking firefighters to meet them at the corner of 36th Street and Park Avenue. Five minutes later, the fire department reached the ambulance;[65]: 8:10  two fire department medics who boarded the ambulance found Floyd unresponsive and pulseless.[64]: 6:56 

Floyd was pronounced dead at 9:25 at the Hennepin County Medical Center emergency room.[64]: 7:12 [65]: 8:28 [14][95]

Investigations and criminal charges

Minneapolis police response

Early on May 26, the Minneapolis Police Department issued a statement that said nothing about Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck:[96][97][98] "After Floyd got out of his car, he physically resisted officers. Officers were able to get the suspect into handcuffs and noted he appeared to be suffering medical distress."[99] Hours later, witness and security camera video circulating on the internet showed Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck.[100] The department updated its statement,[101] saying "new information" had "been made available" and that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was joining the investigation.[99] The four officers were briefly placed on paid administrative leave[23] before being fired later that day.[102]

Autopsies

Two autopsies—one by a local government official and one by doctors working for Floyd's family—determined that his death was a homicide. Released on June 1, 2020, they differed over whether there were contributing factors, and whether the agreed cause, restraint and neck compression, was combined with subdual or asphyxiation.[103][104]

Andrew Baker, a pathologist and the chief medical examiner for Hennepin County since 2004, performed an autopsy examination at 9:25 a.m. on May 26.[105][106] Prosecutors summarized portions of Baker's preliminary findings in charging documents that were released publicly on May 29.[107] Baker's final autopsy findings,[108][105] issued June 1,[109] found that Floyd's heart stopped while he was being restrained and that his death was a homicide caused by "cardiopulmonary arrest complicating law enforcement subdual, restraint, and neck compression".[110]

Fentanyl intoxication and recent methamphetamine use may have increased the likelihood of death.[111][112] Other significant conditions were arteriosclerotic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease, including an enlarged heart, one artery 90% blocked, and two others 75% narrowed.[113][108][114] The report said that on April 3 Floyd had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, but did not list it as a fatal or other significant condition.[115][116]

Attorneys for Floyd's family announced on May 29 that they would commission a second autopsy.[117] It was carried out on May 31 by Michael Baden, a pathologist and former New York City chief medical examiner, and by Allecia Wilson, a pathologist and director of autopsy and forensic services at the University of Michigan Medical School.[118][119] They announced their results on June 1, a few hours before Baker's final findings were issued.[120] From the evidence available to them, which did not include a toxicology report or unspecified bodily samples, they found that Floyd's death was a homicide caused by asphyxia due to neck and back compression.[121][118][113] Also, Floyd had no underlying medical problem that contributed to his death.[122] They said that neck compression affected blood flow to the brain,[113] that ability to speak does not imply ability to breathe,[122] and that Floyd apparently died at the scene.[120]

It was revealed in August 2020 that the United States Department of Justice had the Hennepin County Medical Examiner's official autopsy results reviewed by the Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner, which agreed with them. The Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner added that the police "subdual and restraint had elements of positional and mechanical asphyxiation".[25][123][124][125]

Federal investigation

On May 26, the FBI announced it was reviewing the incident at the request of the Minneapolis Police Department.[126][127] On May 28, the United States Department of Justice released a joint statement with the FBI, saying that their investigation into Floyd's murder was "a top priority" and outlining the investigation's next steps: a "comprehensive investigation will compile all available information and thoroughly evaluate evidence and information obtained from witnesses ... If it is determined that there has been a violation of federal law, criminal charges will be sought".[57][128][129]

Failed plea bargain

On May 28, state and federal prosecutors held a press conference at a regional FBI office in Brooklyn Center, a Minneapolis suburb, in what was anticipated to be a major development to the case against the officers who were at the scene of Floyd's murder.[130] Hennepin County Attorney Michael O. Freeman, the local official with jurisdiction to bring forth criminal charges for police misconduct, said his office needed more time to investigate.[131] In explaining the anticipation of the media briefing and its two-hour delayed start, U.S. Attorney Erica MacDonald said, "I thought we would have another development to talk to you about, but we don't." On June 9, it was revealed that state and federal prosecutors had discussed a plea deal with Chauvin that would have included state murder charges and federal civil rights charges,[130] but the deal fell apart when United States Attorney General William Barr rejected it.[132] Chauvin believed his prospects of winning at trial could be poor, and was willing to plead guilty to third-degree murder for a ten-year prison sentence. As he would have gone to federal prison, the federal government was involved. Barr worried that protestors might view the agreement as too lenient and prefer a full investigation.[132]

State criminal charges

 
Chauvin's criminal indictment, May 29, 2020

On May 29, Chauvin was charged with third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter, and was held at Oak Park Heights state prison. According to the criminal complaint, police are trained that the neck restraint that he applied "with a subject in prone position is inherently dangerous".[133] He was the first officer in Minnesota to be charged in the death of a black civilian.[134][135] On June 3, the charge against Chauvin was upgraded to second-degree murder, and the three other officers were charged with aiding and abetting second-degree murder as well as aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter.[136][d] The officers were held in jail after the state criminal charges were filed. Ahead of the trials, the four officers were released on bail. Lane was released first on June 10,[138][139] Kueng on June 19,[140] and Thao July 4.[141] Chauvin was released on October 7 after posting a $1 million bond.[142]

State civil rights action

The Minnesota Department of Human Rights opened an investigation into the practices of the Minneapolis Police Department on June 2.[143][144] On June 5, the Minneapolis City Council authorized the mayor to enter a restraining order with the State of Minnesota banning chokeholds and neck restraints, requiring police officers to intervene against other officers' use of excessive force, and requiring authorization from the police chief or other designate before using crowd-control weapons such as chemical agents and rubber bullets.[145][146] On June 8, a Hennepin County Court judge ordered the Minneapolis Police Department to cooperate with a civil rights investigation, and extended the restrictions on the department to require that the chief make discipline decisions in a timely and transparent manner, and that civilian analysts and investigators in the city's Office of Police Conduct Review be given authority to audit body-worn camera footage and to file or amend complaints on behalf of the Minneapolis Civil Rights Department.[147][148][149]

In April 2022, the results of the state investigation into the Minneapolis Police were announced and it was found that the city and the police department engaged in a "pattern or practice of race discrimination" and that the organizational culture of the department had "flawed training and emphasized a paramilitary approach" with a lack of accountability.[150][151]

Federal civil rights charges

In February 2021, the United States Department of Justice empaneled a grand jury in Minneapolis as part of a federal investigation into Chauvin.[152] On May 7, 2021, all four officers were indicted on federal charges of civil rights violations.[153] Chauvin was indicted for violating George Floyd's civil rights, along with a teenager who survived a similar restraint in 2017.[154] The other three officers also face charges for violating Floyd's civil rights. Thao, Lane, and Kueng appeared at a hearing virtually, and each posted $25,000 bond. Chauvin did not appear at this hearing, and remained in jail while awaiting sentencing for his state charges.[154]

Civil litigation and settlement

The family of George Floyd filed a wrongful death lawsuit in federal court in July 2020 against the City of Minneapolis and the four former police officers involved in the murder. The complaint said Floyd's Fourth Amendment rights were violated by "excessive use of unjustified, excessive, illegal, and deadly force." The lawsuit did not specify the amount of monetary damages the family sought.[155]

On March 12, 2021, the City of Minneapolis announced a settlement with Floyd's family for $27 million. It was approved unanimously by the City Council. Family lawyer Ben Crump described it as the "largest pre-trial settlement in a civil rights wrongful death case in U.S. history." The settlement surpassed the previous record for Minneapolis of $20 million, paid in 2019 in the killing of Justine Damond. The city allocated $500,000 "for the benefit of the community around 38th and Chicago", the street intersection where Floyd was murdered.[156]

Trials and plea agreements

Criminal trial of Chauvin

Main article: Trial of Derek Chauvin
External video
  Pioneer Press Live Stream of Derek Chauvin trial on YouTube (1 hr 44 min 58 s)
 
Hennepin County Government Center, the venue of the Chauvin trial, April 20, 2021

Chauvin's trial commenced in Minneapolis on March 8, 2021, in Hennepin County District Court.[157] Opening statements occurred on March 29, 2021, and closing arguments on April 19, 2021.

On April 20, 2021, the jury found Chauvin guilty of all charges, including second-degree unintentional murder, third-degree murder, and second-degree manslaughter.[158][159] He was the first white Minnesota police officer to be convicted of murdering a black person. It was only the second time an officer has been convicted of murder in Minnesota, the first being the third-degree murder conviction of Somali-American officer Mohamed Noor in the shooting of Justine Damond, a white woman.[160] Following Chauvin's conviction, Judge Cahill revoked his bail and Chauvin was taken back into police custody due to flight risks and the dangers of publicity that this case has brought.[161][162]

Chauvin was given a sentence of 22.5 years in custody.[158] On May 12, 2021, Judge Cahill allowed for the prosecution to seek a greater prison sentence than the 12.5-year state guideline after finding that Chauvin treated Floyd "with particular cruelty."[163][164] Chauvin filed an appeal on April 27, 2022.[165]

Federal civil rights proceedings

The federal civil rights trial was initially scheduled to include all four officers—Chauvin, Kueng, Lane, and Thao—and begin in January 2022 with U.S. District Judge Paul Magnuson presiding. The four officers were charged federally with abusing their positions as police officers, depriving Floyd of his constitutional rights to be "free from the use of unreasonable force", and failing to give medical aid. All four officers pled not guilty to the charges at a September 14, 2021, arraignment hearing. Chauvin faced an additional federal charge for a 2017 arrest incident of a 14-year old in Minneapolis that he initially pled not guilty to.[28][166][167] In late 2020, prior to the trial, lawyers for Thao, Lane, and Kueng had sought to sever their case from Chauvin's. In a hearing on November 29, 2021, Magnuson ruled that all four officers would stand trial together.[166]

Chauvin pleads guilty

Chauvin requested a hearing in December 2021 to offer a revised plea to the federal charges, a legal move that did not apply to the other three officers.[168] He pled guilty on December 15, 2021, to the federal charges of violating the rights of Floyd and for the charge related to the 2017 incident.[29] Chauvin admitted to willfully violating Floyd's constitutional right to be free from unreasonable seizure, including the right to be free from unreasonable force by a police officer.[29] Chauvin also admitted to willfully violating Floyd's constitutional right not to be deprived of liberty without due process of law, including the right to be free from a police officer's deliberate indifference to Floyd's serious medical needs.[30] On July 7, 2022, Judge Magnuson sentenced Chauvin to 21 years, with roughly 17 incarcerated and 5 under supervised release, that will be served concurrently with his state criminal sentence.[169]

Trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao

 
Security fencing at the Warren E. Burger Federal Building in Saint Paul, Minnesota, January 23, 2022

The federal civil rights trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao was held at a courtroom in the Warren E. Burger Federal Building in Saint Paul, Minnesota.[166][170] Jury selection began on January 20, 2022,[171] and opening statements were given by both sides on January 24.[172][173] The 12-person jury seated for the trial was drawn from across Minnesota. The racial makeup of the jury was described by The New York Times as appearing to be all-white, a contrast to the more racially diverse jury during Chauvin's criminal trial.[174]

The prosecution's first witness, Katie Blackwell, testified for three days about the department's training and policies regarding use of force.[175] During her testimony, Blackwell stated that the officers should have moved Floyd onto his side to prevent him having a cardiac arrest. Andrew Baker, who performed Floyd's autopsy, also took the stand to repeat his testimony from Chauvin's trial.[176] The court postponed trial proceedings until February 7, after Lane tested positive for COVID-19.[177][178]

When the trial resumed, officer Nicole Mackenzie testified that Kueng and Lane were in a medical training course that she instructed, and that her course included lessons in first aid.[179] Dr. David Systrom, a pulmonologist, testified that Floyd's chances of survival could have "doubled or tripled" if the officers performed CPR on him.[180] Use-of-force expert Tim Longo testified that Chauvin was acting outside of department protocol and the other officers should have intervened to save Floyd,[181] although Lane's defense questioned this view.[182] Testimony was also heard from Darnella Frazier, who filmed the initial arrest and Floyd's subsequent murder. The prosecution rested with this testimony.[182]

Tou Thao took the stand to testify in his own defense.[183] Thao claimed that he was not aware that Floyd was suffering medical problems until he was taken into the ambulance, and that the technique of kneeling on a detainee's neck was "not uncommon", although he denied having ever done so.[184] He admitted that neither Chauvin nor any other officers had administered CPR to Floyd, but claimed he took this to indicate Floyd was breathing.[185] Thao also stated that his main role at the scene was "crowd control" rather than to assess Floyd's condition.[186][185]

Closing arguments were heard on February 22. Prosecutor Manda Sertich stated that Kueng, Lane, and Thao "chose to do nothing" while Floyd was dying. Defense attorneys stated that the former officers were inexperienced, improperly trained, and that they did not willfully violate Floyd's civil rights.[187] After deliberating for 13 hours over two days, the jury on February 24 found the former officers guilty on all counts they faced at trial. All three officers were convicted of willfully violating Floyd's constitutional rights by not providing medical care when he lost a pulse. Kueng and Thao were also found guilty of failing to intervene to stop Chauvin from using unreasonable force. After finding them guilty, the jury concluded that the cause of Floyd's death was Chauvin's restraint, which permitted the judge to consider a lengthier sentence than the recommended three to four years in prison.[188][189] The three officers remained free on bond while they awaited a sentencing hearing.[174][190]

In July 2022, Judge Magnuson sentenced Lane to 2.5 years in prison,[191] Kueng to three years in prison,[192] and Thao to 3.5 years in prison.[192] Lane was ordered to report to Federal Correctional Institution Englewood in Littleton, Colorado on August 30, 2022.[191]

Criminal proceedings for Kueng, Lane, and Thao

Kueng and Lane plead guilty

The state criminal trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao was delayed several times to allow the federal civil rights case to proceed first.[193] In a ruling on April 26, 2022, Judge Peter Cahill, who also presided over Chauvin's trial, ordered that the proceedings of the trial would not be livestreamed.[194]

Lane pleaded guilty in Hennepin County District Court on May 18, 2022, to the charge of aiding and abetting manslaughter related to the murder of George Floyd. The charge against Lane for aiding and abetting second-degree murder was dismissed. Lane agreed to a three-year sentence, with two years in prison, to be served concurrently with his civil rights federal conviction.[10][11][32] On September 21, 2022, Lane was formally sentenced by the Hennepin County District Court to three years in prison. In the plea agreement, Lane admitted he knew from his training that the manner of Floyd's restraint created a risk of death, that he heard Floyd say he couldn't breathe, and that he was aware of Floyd's deteriorating condition.[195]

At a pre-trial hearing on June 21, 2022, Judge Cahill rejected a motion by attorneys for Kueng and Thao for a change in venue, and the judge set a trial start date in Hennepin County for October 24, 2022.[196][197] The state offered Kueng and Thao the same plea deal they offered Lane.[191] In exchange for pleading guilty to the state charge of aiding and abetting manslaughter, the state would drop the abetting second-degree murder charge and the pair would receive a three-year prison sentence to be served consecutively with their federal sentence, but they rejected it at a court hearing on August 15, 2022.[198] In preparation for the trial, unlike the previous criminal trial of Chauvin and the civil rights trial of the other three offices at the scene of Floyd's death, local officials had not surrounded the courtroom building with barbed-wire security fencing and National Guard troops.[199]

The morning of October 24, 2022, a few hours before the jury selection proceedings were set to begin, Kueng pleaded guilty to the criminal state charges of aiding and abetting manslaughter with a recommendation of 42 months in prison,[6] to be served concurrently with his federal sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution, Elkton in Ohio.[200][34] Kueng was formally sentenced by Judge Cahill on December 9, 2022, to the agreed upon sentence which is to be served concurrently to his federal sentence.[35]

Evidentiary trial of Thao

The same day Kueng pleaded guilty, on October 24, 2022, Thao waved his right to a jury trial in lieu of a trial by stipulated evidence. The legal move required attorneys to submit evidence to the court for review by Peter Cahill, the same judge in Chauvin's criminal trial.[201] Thao was held in a Hennepin County jail while awaiting the outcome. If he is found guilty, his state sentence could range from three to five years.[34][35][202]

Attorneys for the state and Thao submitted closing arguments to the court on January 31, 2023. The state argued that Thao knew the restraint on Floyd was dangerous and that he encouraged the other officers' actions by holding concerned onlookers back. Attorneys for Thao argued that his role was to control the crowd and the he was unaware that Floyd was not breathing and did not have a pulse. Under Minnesota law, Judge Cahill has 90 days to review evidence agreed to by sets of attorneys—transcripts and exhibits from in the criminal trial of Chauvin and the civil rights trial of Kueng, Lane, and Thao—and issue a determination on Thao's guilt.[36]

Reaction

Protests

 
A protest march in Minneapolis, May 26, 2020
Main articles: George Floyd protests and George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul

Floyd's murder resulted in a global protest movement against historic racism and police brutality. In the United States, protests of racial injustice in mid 2020 were the largest since the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, and gave way to widespread civil unrest.[203] Protests began locally on May 26 in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area before quickly, within a few days, spreading nationwide and in over 60 countries internationally supporting Black Lives Matter. Over 2,000 cities in the United States had seen demonstrations as of June 13.[204][205] Many of the demonstrations involved die-ins, with protestors lying down for 8 minutes and 46 seconds, the length of time initial reports said Chauvin knelt on Floyd's neck.[206] While the majority of protests were peaceful,[207] demonstrations in some cities descended into riots and looting,[208][209] with more being marked by street skirmishes and significant police brutality, notably against peaceful protesters and reporters.[210][211] At least 200 cities in the U.S. had imposed curfews by June 3, while more than 30 states and Washington, D.C, activated over 62,000 National Guard personnel due to the mass unrest.[212][213][214]

The protests were initially peaceful, but later there was vandalism of stores. At the 3rd Precinct police station in Minneapolis, windows were broken, a fence was pulled down, and the front entrance was broken into, causing police officers to fire less-than-lethal rounds at the crowd from the building's roof. After staff evacuated the building, it was set on fire.[215][216][217][218] A six-story, 200-unit apartment building under construction was also burned.[215] Police in riot gear used tear gas, flash grenades, rubber bullets and smoke bombs, and some protesters threw rocks at the police.[219][220] The media highlighted the apparent differences in aggression between the police response to these protests versus the more restrained response to the 2020 United States anti-lockdown protests featuring gun-wielding white protesters.[220][221] This sentiment also spread on social media by groups such as Black Lives Matter.[222][223][224]

While peaceful protests continued, others again became violent after sundown, with the pattern repeating for several days.[225][56] More than 1,500 businesses were vandalized or destroyed in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area,[226] including 67 destroyed by fire.[227]

Following the rioting, a nighttime curfew in Minneapolis–Saint Paul and Dakota County was established on May 29. 500 Minnesota National Guard soldiers were later dispatched to the area to enforce the curfew,[228] but to little effect, with about 1,000 protesters being able to march peacefully on Interstate 35 well into curfew.[229]

 
A memorial vigil at Yates High School, from which Floyd graduated, in Houston, Texas

Mass protests demanding justice for George Floyd, in some cases also to demonstrate against issues with police brutality in their own countries, took place in over 2,000 cities in the United States and around the world,[230] By May 30, 12 U.S. states called up the National Guard,[231] and at least 12 major cities imposed curfews that weekend.[232] By June 14, protests had extended into a third week after Floyd's murder in many cities, accompanied by calls to reform and defund police departments throughout the United States.[205]

Memorials

Main article: Memorials to George Floyd
 
A makeshift memorial outside the store where Floyd was murdered
 
Along Floyd's funeral procession route in Pearland, Texas, on June 9

The area near the location where Floyd was murdered became a makeshift memorial throughout May 26, with many placards paying tribute to him and referencing the Black Lives Matter movement.[233] As the day progressed, more people came to demonstrate against Floyd's murder. Hundreds of people,[234][235][219][236] then marched to the 3rd Precinct of the Minneapolis Police.[219] Participants used posters and slogans with phrases such as "Justice for George", "I can't breathe", and "Black Lives Matter".[237] On September 18, the Minneapolis City Council approved designating the section of Chicago Avenue between 37th and 39th Streets as George Perry Floyd Jr. Place, with a marker at the intersection with 38th Street where the incident took place. The intersection has been closed and occupied by demonstrators who said they won't leave until their demands regarding anti-racism and property tax are met.[238]

A public memorial, with Al Sharpton delivering the eulogy, was held June 4 at North Central University in Minneapolis.[239] A public viewing and a family memorial was held in Raeford, North Carolina on June 6, near Floyd's hometown.[240] Floyd's family held a public memorial in Houston on June 8, and a private service on June 9. The family said professional boxer Floyd Mayweather paid for the services.[241][242] Floyd's body was on public view on June 8 in his hometown of Houston. Former Vice President and the 2020 presumptive and eventual Democratic nominee, Joe Biden, met with the Floyd family privately and gave a video message at the funeral. Floyd is buried next to his mother in Pearland, Texas.[243][244][245]

The length of time that Chauvin was originally reported to have had his knee on Floyd's neck, 8:46, was widely commemorated as a "moment of silence" to honor Floyd.[246][247] It was also used in chants, protest signs, and messages,[248] as were the words "I can't breathe".[249]

Other reactions

Main articles: Reactions to the murder of George Floyd and List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests

A variety of people and organizations reacted to Floyd's murder. Numerous statues and monuments honoring persons or events associated with slavery and racism were vandalized, removed, or destroyed during the protests in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Aftermath

Darnella Frazier, the 17-year-old who filmed Floyd's restraint on her cell phone, received the 2020 PEN/Benenson Courage Award from PEN America.[250][251] The award was presented to her at an awards ceremony in December 2020 by film director Spike Lee.[250] PEN America CEO Suzanne Nossel said that Frazier's act sparked a "bold movement demanding an end to systemic anti-black racism and violence at the hands of police."[252][253] In June 2021, Frazier also received a special citation from the Pulitzer Prize committee in 2021 for her video.[254] The staff of the Star Tribune received the prize for Breaking News Reporting for their coverage of protests.[255]

Chokeholds and other neck restraints were banned or restricted by at least 17 state legislatures in the year after Floyd's murder.[256]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Lane and Kueng were originally charged with aiding and abetting both second-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter, but the former charges were dropped after plea deals.
  2. ^ Footage begins at 7:50 pm[64]: 0:55  The timestamp on the video is 24 minutes ahead of actual time, according to the restaurant's owner.[64]: 1:03 [65]: 1:29 
  3. ^ The Washington Post, the Star Tribune, and the Associated Press suggest "hooping" is a reference to basketball.[72][73][74] The Los Angeles Times, The Sunday Times, and USA Today suggest "hooping" is a reference to drug use.[75][76][77]
  4. ^ According to Mitchell Hamline law professor Ted Sampsell-Jones, Chauvin was charged with second-degree felony murder, not second-degree intentional murder, which is possible because Minnesota is one of two jurisdictions that rejects the merger doctrine and allows the use of assault as a predicate felony.[137] Though a charge of second-degree intentional murder could have exposed Chauvin under state sentencing guidelines to the possibility of a presumptive sentence as long as 306 months, second-degree felony murder carries the same presumptive sentence as the previous charge of third-degree murder: 180 months.[137] Another issue with invoking the felony murder doctrine is that Minnesota law allows the trial court judge to make the requisite finding that the predicate felony posed a "special danger to human life", which may conflict with federal case law requiring every fact essential to a criminal sentence to be submitted to the jury at trial.[137]

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  253. ^ "Teen Who Filmed George Floyd's Fatal Arrest To Receive 2020 PEN/Benenson Courage Award". WCCO-TV. October 27, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
  254. ^ www.pulitzer.org (For courageously recording the murder of George Floyd, a video that spurred protests against police brutality around the world, highlighting the crucial role of citizens in journalists' quest for truth and justice.)
  255. ^ Staff (June 11, 2021). "Star Tribune wins Pulitzer for George Floyd reporting; Darnella Frazier also cited". Star Tribune. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
  256. ^ Eagly, Ingrid V.; Schwartz, Joanna C. (2022). "Lexipol's Fight Against Police Reform". Indiana Law Journal. 97 (1). SSRN 3869120.

Further reading

  • Dreyer, Benard P.; Trent, Maria; Anderson, Ashaunta T.; Askew, George L.; Boyd, Rhea; Coker, Tumaini R.; Coyne-Beasley, Tamera; Fuentes-Afflick, Elena; Johnson, Tiffani; Mendoza, Fernando; Montoya-Williams, Diana (September 1, 2020). "The Death of George Floyd: Bending the Arc of History Toward Justice for Generations of Children". Pediatrics. 146 (3): e2020009639. doi:10.1542/peds.2020-009639. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 32591435.
  • Hart, Carl L. (July 22, 2020). "Exaggerating Harmful Drug Effects on the Brain Is Killing Black People". Neuron. 107 (2): 215–218. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.019. ISSN 0896-6273. PMC 7328574. PMID 32615067.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Murder of George Floyd.
  • Complaint – State of Minnesota v. Derek Michael Chauvin May 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CR-20-12646. May 29, 2020.
  • Amended Complaint – State of Minnesota v. Derek Michael Chauvin, Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CR-20-12646. June 3, 2020.
  • Complaint – State of Minnesota v. J Alexander Kueng, Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District. June 3, 2020.
  • Complaint – State of Minnesota v. Thomas Kiernan Lane, Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CR-20-12951. June 3, 2020.
  • Complaint – State of Minnesota v. Tou Thao, Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CR-20-12949. June 3, 2020.
  • Press Release Report: Floyd George Perry, Case No: 2020–3700. Hennepin County Medical Examiner. June 1, 2020.
  • , ME No.: 20–3700. Hennepin County Medical Examiner. June 1, 2020. (20 pages.)
  • Stipulation and Order, State of Minnesota v. City of Minneapolis Police Department, Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, File No. 27-CV-20-8182. June 8, 2020. Stipulation between City of Minneapolis and Minnesota Department of Human Rights and preliminary injunction.
  • Transcripts of audio of Floyd's last moments, as recorded on Minneapolis police body camera footage and publicly filed on the state court record on July 8, 2020

February 27, 2023
murder, george, floyd, 2020, george, floyd, year, black, murdered, minneapolis, minnesota, derek, chauvin, year, white, police, officer, floyd, been, arrested, after, store, clerk, alleged, that, floyd, made, purchase, using, counterfeit, bill, chauvin, knelt,. On May 25 2020 George Floyd a 46 year old black man was murdered in Minneapolis Minnesota by Derek Chauvin a 44 year old white police officer 12 Floyd had been arrested after a store clerk alleged that Floyd made a purchase using a counterfeit 20 bill 13 Chauvin knelt on Floyd s neck for over nine minutes while Floyd was handcuffed and lying face down in a street 14 15 16 Two other police officers J Alexander Kueng and Thomas Lane assisted Chauvin in restraining Floyd Lane had also pointed a gun at Floyd s head prior to Floyd being put in handcuffs 17 A fourth police officer Tou Thao prevented bystanders from intervening 18 Murder of George FloydPart of police brutality in the United StatesFrame from witness video showing Derek Chauvin kneeling on George Floyd s neckLocationMinneapolis Minnesota U S Coordinates44 56 04 N 93 15 45 W 44 93433 N 93 26244 W 44 93433 93 26244 Coordinates 44 56 04 N 93 15 45 W 44 93433 N 93 26244 W 44 93433 93 26244DateMay 25 2020 2 years ago 2020 05 25 c 8 01 9 25 pm CDT UTC 5 Attack typeMurder by suffocationpolice brutalityVictimGeorge Perry Floyd Jr aged 46PerpetratorsDerek Michael Chauvin James Alexander Kueng Thomas Kiernan Lane Tou Nmn ThaoVerdictFederal charges Chauvin Pleaded guilty Lane Kueng Thao Guilty on all counts State charges Chauvin Guilty on all counts Lane and Kueng Pleaded guiltyConvictionsFederal convictions Chauvin Kueng Lane Thao Deprivation of rights under color of law resulting in death Kueng Thao Willfully failing to intervene to stop use of unreasonable force 1 State convictions Chauvin Second degree murder third degree murder and second degree manslaughter 2 3 4 Lane and Kueng Aiding and abetting second degree manslaughter a 5 6 TrialMN v Chauvin 27 CR 20 12646MN v Thao 27 CR 20 12949SentenceFederal sentences Chauvin 21 years in prison 7 8 Kueng 3 years in prison 9 Lane 2 1 2 years in prison 10 Thao 3 1 2 years in prison 9 State sentences Chauvin 22 1 2 years in prison Kueng 3 1 2 years in prison Lane 3 years in prison 11 ChargesThao State charges Aiding and abetting second degree murder aiding and abetting second degree manslaughterPrior to being placed on the ground Floyd had exhibited signs of anxiety complaining about having claustrophobia and being unable to breathe 19 After being restrained he became more distressed still complaining of breathing difficulties of the knee on his neck and of fear of imminent death 14 After several minutes Floyd stopped speaking 14 For the last few minutes he lay motionless and Officer Kueng found no pulse when urged to check 20 21 Despite this Chauvin ignored pleas from bystanders to lift his knee from Floyd s neck 22 The following day after videos made by witnesses and security cameras became public all four officers were fired 23 Two autopsies and one autopsy review found Floyd s death to be a homicide 24 25 On March 12 2021 Minneapolis agreed to pay US 27 million to settle a wrongful death lawsuit brought by Floyd s family On April 20 Chauvin was convicted of unintentional second degree murder third degree murder and second degree manslaughter 4 26 and sentenced to 22 5 years in prison on June 25 27 All four officers faced federal civil rights charges 28 In December 2021 Chauvin pled guilty to federal charges of violating Floyd s civil rights by using unreasonable force and ignoring his serious medical distress 29 30 The other three officers were also later convicted of violating Floyd s civil rights 31 Lane pleaded guilty in May 2022 to a state charge for aiding and abetting second degree manslaughter 32 and on September 21 2022 was sentenced to three years in prison to be served concurrently with his 2 5 year federal sentence 33 Kueng pleaded guilty on October 24 2022 to the state charges of aiding and abetting manslaughter and was sentenced to 42 months in prison to be served concurrently with his federal sentence 34 35 Thao waived his right to a jury trial on the state charge in lieu of a review of the evidence and a determination by a judge with a verdict to be delivered within 90 days after January 31 2023 36 Floyd s murder led to worldwide protests against police brutality police racism and lack of police accountability 37 38 Contents 1 People involved 1 1 George Floyd 1 2 Derek Chauvin 1 3 Tou Thao 1 4 J Alexander Kueng and Thomas Lane 2 Arrest and murder 2 1 Initial events 2 2 Chauvin kneels on Floyd s neck 2 3 Medical response and death 3 Investigations and criminal charges 3 1 Minneapolis police response 3 2 Autopsies 3 3 Federal investigation 3 4 Failed plea bargain 3 5 State criminal charges 3 6 State civil rights action 3 7 Federal civil rights charges 4 Civil litigation and settlement 5 Trials and plea agreements 5 1 Criminal trial of Chauvin 5 2 Federal civil rights proceedings 5 2 1 Chauvin pleads guilty 5 2 2 Trial of Kueng Lane and Thao 5 3 Criminal proceedings for Kueng Lane and Thao 5 3 1 Kueng and Lane plead guilty 5 3 2 Evidentiary trial of Thao 6 Reaction 6 1 Protests 6 2 Memorials 6 3 Other reactions 7 Aftermath 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksPeople involvedGeorge Floyd Main article George Floyd George Perry Floyd Jr was a 46 year old black American born in Fayetteville North Carolina and raised in the Third Ward 39 of Houston Texas 40 41 42 In 2014 he moved to the Minneapolis Minnesota area 43 He resided in the nearby suburb of St Louis Park and was a frequent customer at the Cup Foods convenience store in Powderhorn Park Minneapolis 44 Derek Chauvin Main article Derek Chauvin At the time of Floyd s murder Derek Michael Chauvin a white American 45 was a 44 year old police officer in the Minneapolis Police Department He had served in the department since 2001 46 47 Chauvin and Floyd sometimes worked overlapping shifts as security guards for a local nightclub but the club s former owner was unsure of the extent of their acquaintance 48 49 Tou Thao Tou Thao a Hmong American 50 was aged 34 at the time of Floyd s murder and started as a part time community service officer in 2008 He graduated from the police academy in 2009 After a two year layoff he resumed police work in 2012 46 51 Six complaints had been filed against Thao none resulting in disciplinary action In 2014 a man claimed Thao handcuffed him without cause threw him to the ground and punched kicked and kneed him the man s teeth were broken and he was hospitalized 46 52 The resulting lawsuit was settled for 25 000 46 Thao kept bystanders away and has been found guilty of violating Floyd s civil rights 53 J Alexander Kueng and Thomas Lane James Alexander Kueng a Black 36 American then aged 26 and Thomas Kiernan Lane a White 36 American then aged 37 54 55 56 were licensed as law enforcement officers in August 2019 55 57 They had trained together 58 Chauvin was the superior officer responsible for the majority of Kueng s field training 58 On May 3 2020 video of an arrest incident in Minneapolis showed Chauvin Kueng Lane and another officer roughly detaining a man on the ground as bystanders pleaded for the officers to show mercy Kueng and Lane were with Chauvin as the day was part of their field training The man whom they detained wrongfully said he had trouble breathing and the incident was later said to be similar to the arrest of George Floyd on May 25 2020 59 60 Kueng and Lane were in their first week as Minneapolis police officers when Floyd was murdered 61 54 Lane s application to join the police department had portions covering his prior criminal history redacted including convictions for obstructing legal process and damaging property when he was 18 62 Kueng and Lane helped Chauvin to hold Floyd down both were found guilty of violating Floyd s civil rights 53 In October 2022 Keung pleaded guilty to aiding and abetting second degree manslaughter and in December 2022 he was sentenced to three and a half years in jail 63 Arrest and murderInitial events The intersection of Chicago Avenue and E 38th Street on May 30 where Floyd was murdered just left of the awningOn the evening of May 25 2020 sometime before 8 00 pm Floyd purchased cigarettes at Cup Foods a grocery store at the intersection of East 38th Street and Chicago Avenue in the Powderhorn Park neighborhood of Minneapolis A store employee believed Floyd had paid with a counterfeit 20 bill 64 65 Employees of the store approached Floyd while he was in his vehicle 64 1 25 65 1 33 66 and demanded that Floyd return the cigarettes he refused 65 1 43 14 A store employee called the police to report that Floyd had passed fake bills was awfully drunk and not in control of himself 64 1 33 65 1 51 The store owner said later that most patrons who pay in counterfeit bills do not realise they are fake and that the store called the police to make sure there is no crime being committed 67 The interaction between Floyd and the employees was recorded by the restaurant s security camera 64 0 49 65 1 24 68 b External video Raw police bodycam footage beginning at approximately 8 09 p m on YouTube 1 hr 5 mins At 8 08 Kueng and Lane arrived briefly entering Cup Foods before crossing the street to Floyd s SUV 64 1 41 65 2 00 parked in front of a Dragon Wok Minneapolis restaurant Lane tapped his flashlight on the window startling Floyd 69 70 He asked Floyd to show his hands and tapped again when he did not obey Floyd apologized as he opened the car door Lane instructed him three more times to show his hands Seconds after the door opened he drew his gun and ordered Floyd to show his hands 69 When Floyd complied Lane holstered his weapon 14 71 Someone parked behind Floyd s SUV began recording a video at 8 10 64 1 56 65 2 28 They briefly struggled 64 2 10 and Lane pulled Floyd from the SUV and handcuffed him 65 2 20 Two other people who were riding in the car with Floyd including 45 year old Shawanda Hill were interrogated At 8 12 Kueng sat Floyd on the sidewalk against the wall in front of the restaurant 64 2 22 65 2 33 Lane asked Floyd if he was on something right now and Floyd replied No nothing Kueng told Floyd he was acting real erratic and Floyd said that he was scared Kueng asked Floyd about foam around his mouth to which Floyd responded that he had been hooping c earlier 73 78 76 Floyd then said he was calming down and remarked I m feeling better now 79 At 8 13 64 2 30 Kueng and Lane told Floyd he was under arrest and walked him to their police car across the street 16 The officers then leaned him against the car s door 64 2 42 65 3 00 Floyd told the officers that he was not resisting but that he was recovering from COVID 19 that he was claustrophobic and had anxiety and that he did not want to sit in the car 15 16 65 3 10 19 While Kueng and Lane attempted to put him in the car Floyd begged them not to repeatedly saying I can t breathe and offering to lie on the ground instead 16 19 80 A Minneapolis Park Police officer arrived and guarded Floyd s vehicle across the street by the restaurant and the two people who had been in it with Floyd 64 2 53 81 At 8 17 Chauvin and Thao arrived in a third police car joining Kueng and Lane 64 3 32 65 3 27 with Chauvin assuming command 15 He asked if Floyd was going to jail and Kueng replied that he was arrested for forgery 73 Floyd said I can t fucking breathe twice 78 Around 8 18 security footage from Cup Foods shows Kueng struggling with Floyd for at least a minute in the driver side backseat while Thao watches 64 3 54 65 3 49 According to The New York Times at 8 19 Chauvin pulled Floyd across the backseat from the driver side to the passenger side 65 3 56 Then according to NPR Floyd exited the vehicle while being pulled out by police 19 and falling to the pavement 14 Chauvin kneels on Floyd s neck External video Witness video showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd s neck on YouTube 10 min 8 s While Floyd lay on his chest with his cheek to the ground Chauvin knelt on his neck 19 Floyd stopped moving around 8 20 though he was still conscious 64 4 10 Multiple witnesses began to film the encounter and their videos were circulated widely on the internet 14 65 4 06 At 8 20 a witness across the street began recording a video showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd s neck Kueng applying pressure to Floyd s torso and Lane applying pressure to Floyd s legs while Thao stood nearby 64 4 13 65 4 11 14 This witness stopped filming when one of the officers ordered him to leave 65 4 35 Also at 8 20 a second person standing near the entrance of Cup Foods began recording the incident 64 4 26 65 5 08 40 Floyd can be heard repeatedly saying I can t breathe Please and Mama 14 64 4 44 65 4 28 Lane then asked for an ambulance for Floyd for one bleeding from the mouth 78 Floyd repeated at least 16 times that he could not breathe 65 5 46 At one point a witness said You got him down Let him breathe 82 After Floyd said I m about to die Chauvin told him to relax 83 An officer asked Floyd What do you want Floyd answered Please the knee in my neck I can t breathe 83 At approximately 8 22 the officers called for an ambulance on a non emergency basis escalating the call to emergency status a minute later 64 4 50 65 4 42 Chauvin continued to kneel on Floyd s neck 65 5 15 A passerby yelled to Floyd Well get up get in the car man and Floyd still handcuffed and face down on the pavement responded I can t while Chauvin s knee remained on his neck 65 5 26 Floyd said My stomach hurts my neck hurts everything hurts requested water 84 and begged Don t kill me 85 One witness pointed out that Floyd was bleeding from the nose 86 Another told the officers that Floyd was not even resisting arrest right now 40 Thao countered that Floyd was talking he s fine a witness replied that Floyd ain t fine Get him off the ground You could have put him in the car by now He s not resisting arrest or nothing You re enjoying it Look at you Your body language explains it 86 87 As Floyd continued to cry for help Thao said to witnesses This is why you don t do drugs kids 88 By 8 25 Floyd appeared unconscious and bystanders confronted the officers about Floyd s condition Chauvin pulled out mace to keep bystanders away as Thao moved between them and Chauvin 89 90 Bystanders repeatedly yelled that Floyd was not responsive right now and urged the officers to check his pulse 64 5 22 65 6 53 14 Kueng checked Floyd s wrist but found no pulse 14 the officers did not attempt to provide Floyd with medical assistance while he was on the ground 65 6 46 According to the criminal complaint against Chauvin Lane asked Chauvin twice if they should move Floyd onto his side 91 and Chauvin said no 65 7 02 Medical response and death At 8 27 a Hennepin County ambulance arrived 64 5 56 65 7 11 Shortly thereafter a young relative of the owner of Cup Foods attempted to intervene but was pushed back by Thao 64 6 03 Emergency medical technicians checked Floyd s pulse 65 7 17 Chauvin kept his knee on Floyd s neck for almost a minute after the ambulance arrived despite Floyd being silent and motionless 65 7 21 Around 8 29 Floyd was lifted by paramedics onto a stretcher 92 then loaded into an ambulance 65 7 43 14 Lane boarded the ambulance and checked Floyd s pulse at his neck and a medic instructed him to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation 93 A medical device was placed on Floyd s chest to provide mechanical chest compressions 93 and the ambulance departed for Hennepin County Medical Center 64 6 35 65 7 43 14 En route the ambulance requested assistance from the Minneapolis Fire Department 64 6 35 65 7 43 14 At 8 32 firefighters arrived at Cup Foods 64 6 56 65 7 56 according to their report the police officers gave no clear information regarding Floyd s condition or whereabouts which delayed their ability to find the ambulance 65 7 56 94 Meanwhile the ambulance reported that Floyd was entering cardiac arrest and again requested assistance asking firefighters to meet them at the corner of 36th Street and Park Avenue Five minutes later the fire department reached the ambulance 65 8 10 two fire department medics who boarded the ambulance found Floyd unresponsive and pulseless 64 6 56 Floyd was pronounced dead at 9 25 at the Hennepin County Medical Center emergency room 64 7 12 65 8 28 14 95 Investigations and criminal chargesMinneapolis police response Early on May 26 the Minneapolis Police Department issued a statement that said nothing about Chauvin kneeling on Floyd s neck 96 97 98 After Floyd got out of his car he physically resisted officers Officers were able to get the suspect into handcuffs and noted he appeared to be suffering medical distress 99 Hours later witness and security camera video circulating on the internet showed Chauvin kneeling on Floyd s neck 100 The department updated its statement 101 saying new information had been made available and that the Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI was joining the investigation 99 The four officers were briefly placed on paid administrative leave 23 before being fired later that day 102 Autopsies Two autopsies one by a local government official and one by doctors working for Floyd s family determined that his death was a homicide Released on June 1 2020 they differed over whether there were contributing factors and whether the agreed cause restraint and neck compression was combined with subdual or asphyxiation 103 104 Andrew Baker a pathologist and the chief medical examiner for Hennepin County since 2004 performed an autopsy examination at 9 25 a m on May 26 105 106 Prosecutors summarized portions of Baker s preliminary findings in charging documents that were released publicly on May 29 107 Baker s final autopsy findings 108 105 issued June 1 109 found that Floyd s heart stopped while he was being restrained and that his death was a homicide caused by cardiopulmonary arrest complicating law enforcement subdual restraint and neck compression 110 Fentanyl intoxication and recent methamphetamine use may have increased the likelihood of death 111 112 Other significant conditions were arteriosclerotic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease including an enlarged heart one artery 90 blocked and two others 75 narrowed 113 108 114 The report said that on April 3 Floyd had tested positive for SARS CoV 2 the virus that causes COVID 19 but did not list it as a fatal or other significant condition 115 116 Attorneys for Floyd s family announced on May 29 that they would commission a second autopsy 117 It was carried out on May 31 by Michael Baden a pathologist and former New York City chief medical examiner and by Allecia Wilson a pathologist and director of autopsy and forensic services at the University of Michigan Medical School 118 119 They announced their results on June 1 a few hours before Baker s final findings were issued 120 From the evidence available to them which did not include a toxicology report or unspecified bodily samples they found that Floyd s death was a homicide caused by asphyxia due to neck and back compression 121 118 113 Also Floyd had no underlying medical problem that contributed to his death 122 They said that neck compression affected blood flow to the brain 113 that ability to speak does not imply ability to breathe 122 and that Floyd apparently died at the scene 120 It was revealed in August 2020 that the United States Department of Justice had the Hennepin County Medical Examiner s official autopsy results reviewed by the Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner which agreed with them The Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner added that the police subdual and restraint had elements of positional and mechanical asphyxiation 25 123 124 125 Federal investigation On May 26 the FBI announced it was reviewing the incident at the request of the Minneapolis Police Department 126 127 On May 28 the United States Department of Justice released a joint statement with the FBI saying that their investigation into Floyd s murder was a top priority and outlining the investigation s next steps a comprehensive investigation will compile all available information and thoroughly evaluate evidence and information obtained from witnesses If it is determined that there has been a violation of federal law criminal charges will be sought 57 128 129 Failed plea bargain On May 28 state and federal prosecutors held a press conference at a regional FBI office in Brooklyn Center a Minneapolis suburb in what was anticipated to be a major development to the case against the officers who were at the scene of Floyd s murder 130 Hennepin County Attorney Michael O Freeman the local official with jurisdiction to bring forth criminal charges for police misconduct said his office needed more time to investigate 131 In explaining the anticipation of the media briefing and its two hour delayed start U S Attorney Erica MacDonald said I thought we would have another development to talk to you about but we don t On June 9 it was revealed that state and federal prosecutors had discussed a plea deal with Chauvin that would have included state murder charges and federal civil rights charges 130 but the deal fell apart when United States Attorney General William Barr rejected it 132 Chauvin believed his prospects of winning at trial could be poor and was willing to plead guilty to third degree murder for a ten year prison sentence As he would have gone to federal prison the federal government was involved Barr worried that protestors might view the agreement as too lenient and prefer a full investigation 132 State criminal charges Chauvin s criminal indictment May 29 2020 On May 29 Chauvin was charged with third degree murder and second degree manslaughter and was held at Oak Park Heights state prison According to the criminal complaint police are trained that the neck restraint that he applied with a subject in prone position is inherently dangerous 133 He was the first officer in Minnesota to be charged in the death of a black civilian 134 135 On June 3 the charge against Chauvin was upgraded to second degree murder and the three other officers were charged with aiding and abetting second degree murder as well as aiding and abetting second degree manslaughter 136 d The officers were held in jail after the state criminal charges were filed Ahead of the trials the four officers were released on bail Lane was released first on June 10 138 139 Kueng on June 19 140 and Thao July 4 141 Chauvin was released on October 7 after posting a 1 million bond 142 State civil rights action The Minnesota Department of Human Rights opened an investigation into the practices of the Minneapolis Police Department on June 2 143 144 On June 5 the Minneapolis City Council authorized the mayor to enter a restraining order with the State of Minnesota banning chokeholds and neck restraints requiring police officers to intervene against other officers use of excessive force and requiring authorization from the police chief or other designate before using crowd control weapons such as chemical agents and rubber bullets 145 146 On June 8 a Hennepin County Court judge ordered the Minneapolis Police Department to cooperate with a civil rights investigation and extended the restrictions on the department to require that the chief make discipline decisions in a timely and transparent manner and that civilian analysts and investigators in the city s Office of Police Conduct Review be given authority to audit body worn camera footage and to file or amend complaints on behalf of the Minneapolis Civil Rights Department 147 148 149 In April 2022 the results of the state investigation into the Minneapolis Police were announced and it was found that the city and the police department engaged in a pattern or practice of race discrimination and that the organizational culture of the department had flawed training and emphasized a paramilitary approach with a lack of accountability 150 151 Federal civil rights charges In February 2021 the United States Department of Justice empaneled a grand jury in Minneapolis as part of a federal investigation into Chauvin 152 On May 7 2021 all four officers were indicted on federal charges of civil rights violations 153 Chauvin was indicted for violating George Floyd s civil rights along with a teenager who survived a similar restraint in 2017 154 The other three officers also face charges for violating Floyd s civil rights Thao Lane and Kueng appeared at a hearing virtually and each posted 25 000 bond Chauvin did not appear at this hearing and remained in jail while awaiting sentencing for his state charges 154 Civil litigation and settlementThe family of George Floyd filed a wrongful death lawsuit in federal court in July 2020 against the City of Minneapolis and the four former police officers involved in the murder The complaint said Floyd s Fourth Amendment rights were violated by excessive use of unjustified excessive illegal and deadly force The lawsuit did not specify the amount of monetary damages the family sought 155 On March 12 2021 the City of Minneapolis announced a settlement with Floyd s family for 27 million It was approved unanimously by the City Council Family lawyer Ben Crump described it as the largest pre trial settlement in a civil rights wrongful death case in U S history The settlement surpassed the previous record for Minneapolis of 20 million paid in 2019 in the killing of Justine Damond The city allocated 500 000 for the benefit of the community around 38th and Chicago the street intersection where Floyd was murdered 156 Trials and plea agreementsCriminal trial of Chauvin Main article Trial of Derek Chauvin External video Pioneer Press Live Stream of Derek Chauvin trial on YouTube 1 hr 44 min 58 s Hennepin County Government Center the venue of the Chauvin trial April 20 2021 Chauvin s trial commenced in Minneapolis on March 8 2021 in Hennepin County District Court 157 Opening statements occurred on March 29 2021 and closing arguments on April 19 2021 On April 20 2021 the jury found Chauvin guilty of all charges including second degree unintentional murder third degree murder and second degree manslaughter 158 159 He was the first white Minnesota police officer to be convicted of murdering a black person It was only the second time an officer has been convicted of murder in Minnesota the first being the third degree murder conviction of Somali American officer Mohamed Noor in the shooting of Justine Damond a white woman 160 Following Chauvin s conviction Judge Cahill revoked his bail and Chauvin was taken back into police custody due to flight risks and the dangers of publicity that this case has brought 161 162 Chauvin was given a sentence of 22 5 years in custody 158 On May 12 2021 Judge Cahill allowed for the prosecution to seek a greater prison sentence than the 12 5 year state guideline after finding that Chauvin treated Floyd with particular cruelty 163 164 Chauvin filed an appeal on April 27 2022 165 Federal civil rights proceedings The federal civil rights trial was initially scheduled to include all four officers Chauvin Kueng Lane and Thao and begin in January 2022 with U S District Judge Paul Magnuson presiding The four officers were charged federally with abusing their positions as police officers depriving Floyd of his constitutional rights to be free from the use of unreasonable force and failing to give medical aid All four officers pled not guilty to the charges at a September 14 2021 arraignment hearing Chauvin faced an additional federal charge for a 2017 arrest incident of a 14 year old in Minneapolis that he initially pled not guilty to 28 166 167 In late 2020 prior to the trial lawyers for Thao Lane and Kueng had sought to sever their case from Chauvin s In a hearing on November 29 2021 Magnuson ruled that all four officers would stand trial together 166 Chauvin pleads guilty Chauvin requested a hearing in December 2021 to offer a revised plea to the federal charges a legal move that did not apply to the other three officers 168 He pled guilty on December 15 2021 to the federal charges of violating the rights of Floyd and for the charge related to the 2017 incident 29 Chauvin admitted to willfully violating Floyd s constitutional right to be free from unreasonable seizure including the right to be free from unreasonable force by a police officer 29 Chauvin also admitted to willfully violating Floyd s constitutional right not to be deprived of liberty without due process of law including the right to be free from a police officer s deliberate indifference to Floyd s serious medical needs 30 On July 7 2022 Judge Magnuson sentenced Chauvin to 21 years with roughly 17 incarcerated and 5 under supervised release that will be served concurrently with his state criminal sentence 169 Trial of Kueng Lane and Thao Security fencing at the Warren E Burger Federal Building in Saint Paul Minnesota January 23 2022 The federal civil rights trial of Kueng Lane and Thao was held at a courtroom in the Warren E Burger Federal Building in Saint Paul Minnesota 166 170 Jury selection began on January 20 2022 171 and opening statements were given by both sides on January 24 172 173 The 12 person jury seated for the trial was drawn from across Minnesota The racial makeup of the jury was described by The New York Times as appearing to be all white a contrast to the more racially diverse jury during Chauvin s criminal trial 174 The prosecution s first witness Katie Blackwell testified for three days about the department s training and policies regarding use of force 175 During her testimony Blackwell stated that the officers should have moved Floyd onto his side to prevent him having a cardiac arrest Andrew Baker who performed Floyd s autopsy also took the stand to repeat his testimony from Chauvin s trial 176 The court postponed trial proceedings until February 7 after Lane tested positive for COVID 19 177 178 When the trial resumed officer Nicole Mackenzie testified that Kueng and Lane were in a medical training course that she instructed and that her course included lessons in first aid 179 Dr David Systrom a pulmonologist testified that Floyd s chances of survival could have doubled or tripled if the officers performed CPR on him 180 Use of force expert Tim Longo testified that Chauvin was acting outside of department protocol and the other officers should have intervened to save Floyd 181 although Lane s defense questioned this view 182 Testimony was also heard from Darnella Frazier who filmed the initial arrest and Floyd s subsequent murder The prosecution rested with this testimony 182 Tou Thao took the stand to testify in his own defense 183 Thao claimed that he was not aware that Floyd was suffering medical problems until he was taken into the ambulance and that the technique of kneeling on a detainee s neck was not uncommon although he denied having ever done so 184 He admitted that neither Chauvin nor any other officers had administered CPR to Floyd but claimed he took this to indicate Floyd was breathing 185 Thao also stated that his main role at the scene was crowd control rather than to assess Floyd s condition 186 185 Closing arguments were heard on February 22 Prosecutor Manda Sertich stated that Kueng Lane and Thao chose to do nothing while Floyd was dying Defense attorneys stated that the former officers were inexperienced improperly trained and that they did not willfully violate Floyd s civil rights 187 After deliberating for 13 hours over two days the jury on February 24 found the former officers guilty on all counts they faced at trial All three officers were convicted of willfully violating Floyd s constitutional rights by not providing medical care when he lost a pulse Kueng and Thao were also found guilty of failing to intervene to stop Chauvin from using unreasonable force After finding them guilty the jury concluded that the cause of Floyd s death was Chauvin s restraint which permitted the judge to consider a lengthier sentence than the recommended three to four years in prison 188 189 The three officers remained free on bond while they awaited a sentencing hearing 174 190 In July 2022 Judge Magnuson sentenced Lane to 2 5 years in prison 191 Kueng to three years in prison 192 and Thao to 3 5 years in prison 192 Lane was ordered to report to Federal Correctional Institution Englewood in Littleton Colorado on August 30 2022 191 Criminal proceedings for Kueng Lane and Thao Kueng and Lane plead guilty The state criminal trial of Kueng Lane and Thao was delayed several times to allow the federal civil rights case to proceed first 193 In a ruling on April 26 2022 Judge Peter Cahill who also presided over Chauvin s trial ordered that the proceedings of the trial would not be livestreamed 194 Lane pleaded guilty in Hennepin County District Court on May 18 2022 to the charge of aiding and abetting manslaughter related to the murder of George Floyd The charge against Lane for aiding and abetting second degree murder was dismissed Lane agreed to a three year sentence with two years in prison to be served concurrently with his civil rights federal conviction 10 11 32 On September 21 2022 Lane was formally sentenced by the Hennepin County District Court to three years in prison In the plea agreement Lane admitted he knew from his training that the manner of Floyd s restraint created a risk of death that he heard Floyd say he couldn t breathe and that he was aware of Floyd s deteriorating condition 195 At a pre trial hearing on June 21 2022 Judge Cahill rejected a motion by attorneys for Kueng and Thao for a change in venue and the judge set a trial start date in Hennepin County for October 24 2022 196 197 The state offered Kueng and Thao the same plea deal they offered Lane 191 In exchange for pleading guilty to the state charge of aiding and abetting manslaughter the state would drop the abetting second degree murder charge and the pair would receive a three year prison sentence to be served consecutively with their federal sentence but they rejected it at a court hearing on August 15 2022 198 In preparation for the trial unlike the previous criminal trial of Chauvin and the civil rights trial of the other three offices at the scene of Floyd s death local officials had not surrounded the courtroom building with barbed wire security fencing and National Guard troops 199 The morning of October 24 2022 a few hours before the jury selection proceedings were set to begin Kueng pleaded guilty to the criminal state charges of aiding and abetting manslaughter with a recommendation of 42 months in prison 6 to be served concurrently with his federal sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution Elkton in Ohio 200 34 Kueng was formally sentenced by Judge Cahill on December 9 2022 to the agreed upon sentence which is to be served concurrently to his federal sentence 35 Evidentiary trial of Thao The same day Kueng pleaded guilty on October 24 2022 Thao waved his right to a jury trial in lieu of a trial by stipulated evidence The legal move required attorneys to submit evidence to the court for review by Peter Cahill the same judge in Chauvin s criminal trial 201 Thao was held in a Hennepin County jail while awaiting the outcome If he is found guilty his state sentence could range from three to five years 34 35 202 Attorneys for the state and Thao submitted closing arguments to the court on January 31 2023 The state argued that Thao knew the restraint on Floyd was dangerous and that he encouraged the other officers actions by holding concerned onlookers back Attorneys for Thao argued that his role was to control the crowd and the he was unaware that Floyd was not breathing and did not have a pulse Under Minnesota law Judge Cahill has 90 days to review evidence agreed to by sets of attorneys transcripts and exhibits from in the criminal trial of Chauvin and the civil rights trial of Kueng Lane and Thao and issue a determination on Thao s guilt 36 ReactionProtests A protest march in Minneapolis May 26 2020 Main articles George Floyd protests and George Floyd protests in Minneapolis Saint Paul Floyd s murder resulted in a global protest movement against historic racism and police brutality In the United States protests of racial injustice in mid 2020 were the largest since the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s and gave way to widespread civil unrest 203 Protests began locally on May 26 in the Minneapolis Saint Paul metropolitan area before quickly within a few days spreading nationwide and in over 60 countries internationally supporting Black Lives Matter Over 2 000 cities in the United States had seen demonstrations as of June 13 204 205 Many of the demonstrations involved die ins with protestors lying down for 8 minutes and 46 seconds the length of time initial reports said Chauvin knelt on Floyd s neck 206 While the majority of protests were peaceful 207 demonstrations in some cities descended into riots and looting 208 209 with more being marked by street skirmishes and significant police brutality notably against peaceful protesters and reporters 210 211 At least 200 cities in the U S had imposed curfews by June 3 while more than 30 states and Washington D C activated over 62 000 National Guard personnel due to the mass unrest 212 213 214 The protests were initially peaceful but later there was vandalism of stores At the 3rd Precinct police station in Minneapolis windows were broken a fence was pulled down and the front entrance was broken into causing police officers to fire less than lethal rounds at the crowd from the building s roof After staff evacuated the building it was set on fire 215 216 217 218 A six story 200 unit apartment building under construction was also burned 215 Police in riot gear used tear gas flash grenades rubber bullets and smoke bombs and some protesters threw rocks at the police 219 220 The media highlighted the apparent differences in aggression between the police response to these protests versus the more restrained response to the 2020 United States anti lockdown protests featuring gun wielding white protesters 220 221 This sentiment also spread on social media by groups such as Black Lives Matter 222 223 224 While peaceful protests continued others again became violent after sundown with the pattern repeating for several days 225 56 More than 1 500 businesses were vandalized or destroyed in the Minneapolis Saint Paul area 226 including 67 destroyed by fire 227 Following the rioting a nighttime curfew in Minneapolis Saint Paul and Dakota County was established on May 29 500 Minnesota National Guard soldiers were later dispatched to the area to enforce the curfew 228 but to little effect with about 1 000 protesters being able to march peacefully on Interstate 35 well into curfew 229 A memorial vigil at Yates High School from which Floyd graduated in Houston Texas Mass protests demanding justice for George Floyd in some cases also to demonstrate against issues with police brutality in their own countries took place in over 2 000 cities in the United States and around the world 230 By May 30 12 U S states called up the National Guard 231 and at least 12 major cities imposed curfews that weekend 232 By June 14 protests had extended into a third week after Floyd s murder in many cities accompanied by calls to reform and defund police departments throughout the United States 205 Memorials Main article Memorials to George Floyd A makeshift memorial outside the store where Floyd was murdered Along Floyd s funeral procession route in Pearland Texas on June 9 The area near the location where Floyd was murdered became a makeshift memorial throughout May 26 with many placards paying tribute to him and referencing the Black Lives Matter movement 233 As the day progressed more people came to demonstrate against Floyd s murder Hundreds of people 234 235 219 236 then marched to the 3rd Precinct of the Minneapolis Police 219 Participants used posters and slogans with phrases such as Justice for George I can t breathe and Black Lives Matter 237 On September 18 the Minneapolis City Council approved designating the section of Chicago Avenue between 37th and 39th Streets as George Perry Floyd Jr Place with a marker at the intersection with 38th Street where the incident took place The intersection has been closed and occupied by demonstrators who said they won t leave until their demands regarding anti racism and property tax are met 238 A public memorial with Al Sharpton delivering the eulogy was held June 4 at North Central University in Minneapolis 239 A public viewing and a family memorial was held in Raeford North Carolina on June 6 near Floyd s hometown 240 Floyd s family held a public memorial in Houston on June 8 and a private service on June 9 The family said professional boxer Floyd Mayweather paid for the services 241 242 Floyd s body was on public view on June 8 in his hometown of Houston Former Vice President and the 2020 presumptive and eventual Democratic nominee Joe Biden met with the Floyd family privately and gave a video message at the funeral Floyd is buried next to his mother in Pearland Texas 243 244 245 The length of time that Chauvin was originally reported to have had his knee on Floyd s neck 8 46 was widely commemorated as a moment of silence to honor Floyd 246 247 It was also used in chants protest signs and messages 248 as were the words I can t breathe 249 Other reactions Main articles Reactions to the murder of George Floyd and List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests A variety of people and organizations reacted to Floyd s murder Numerous statues and monuments honoring persons or events associated with slavery and racism were vandalized removed or destroyed during the protests in the U S and elsewhere AftermathDarnella Frazier the 17 year old who filmed Floyd s restraint on her cell phone received the 2020 PEN Benenson Courage Award from PEN America 250 251 The award was presented to her at an awards ceremony in December 2020 by film director Spike Lee 250 PEN America CEO Suzanne Nossel said that Frazier s act sparked a bold movement demanding an end to systemic anti black racism and violence at the hands of police 252 253 In June 2021 Frazier also received a special citation from the Pulitzer Prize committee in 2021 for her video 254 The staff of the Star Tribune received the prize for Breaking News Reporting for their coverage of protests 255 Chokeholds and other neck restraints were banned or restricted by at least 17 state legislatures in the year after Floyd s murder 256 See also2020 American athlete strikes 2020 2022 Minneapolis Saint Paul racial unrest Killing of Tony Timpa who died in a similar way while in police custody Dallas 2016 List of killings by law enforcement officers in Minnesota Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States List of law enforcement officers convicted for an on duty killing in the United StatesNotes Lane and Kueng were originally charged with aiding and abetting both second degree murder and second degree manslaughter but the former charges were dropped after plea deals Footage begins at 7 50 pm 64 0 55 The timestamp on the video is 24 minutes ahead of actual time according to the restaurant s owner 64 1 03 65 1 29 The Washington Post the Star Tribune and the Associated Press suggest hooping is a reference to basketball 72 73 74 The Los Angeles Times The Sunday Times and USA Today suggest hooping is a reference to drug use 75 76 77 According to Mitchell Hamline law professor Ted Sampsell Jones Chauvin was charged with second degree felony murder not second degree intentional murder which is possible because Minnesota is one of two jurisdictions that rejects the merger doctrine and allows the use of assault as a predicate felony 137 Though a charge of second degree intentional murder could have exposed Chauvin under state sentencing guidelines to the possibility of a presumptive sentence as long as 306 months second degree felony murder carries the same presumptive sentence as the previous charge of third degree murder 180 months 137 Another issue with invoking the felony murder doctrine is that Minnesota law allows the trial court judge to make the requisite finding that the predicate felony posed a special danger to human life which may conflict with federal case law requiring every fact essential to a criminal sentence to be submitted to the jury at trial 137 References Three Former Minneapolis Police Officers Convicted of Federal Civil Rights Violations for Death of George Floyd Press release The United States Department of Justice February 24 2022 McCaskill Nolan D Forgey Quint Derek Chauvin convicted of murdering George Floyd Politico Retrieved April 20 2021 Xiong Chao Walsh Paul Olson Rochelle Derek Chauvin convicted of murder manslaughter in death of George Floyd Minneapolis Star Tribune Retrieved April 21 2021 a b Forliti Amy What were charges against Chauvin in Floyd death ABC News Retrieved April 21 2021 Osborne Mark Hutchinson Bill May 18 2022 Former police officer Thomas Lane pleads guilty to manslaughter in killing of George Floyd Yahoo News a b Hutchinson Bill October 24 2022 Former police officer J Alexander Kueng pleads guilty in George Floyd death case ABC News Retrieved October 24 2022 Karnowski Steve Chauvin Gets 21 Years for Violating Floyd s Civil Rights A federal judge accepts Derek Chauvin s plea deal and will sentence him to 20 to 25 years CNN May 4 2022 a b Ex cops Kueng Thao sentenced for violating Floyd s rights Associated Press July 27 2022 a b Montemayor Stephen July 21 2022 Ex officer Thomas Lane sentenced to 2 1 2 years in prison for violating George Floyd s civil rights Star Tribune Retrieved July 21 2022 a b Olson Rochelle May 18 2022 Ex MPD officer Thomas Lane pleads guilty to manslaughter charge for role in George Floyd s murder Star Tribune Retrieved May 18 2022 McGreal Chris April 20 2021 Derek Chauvin found guilty of George Floyd s murder The Guardian Retrieved April 20 2021 Bogel Burroughs Nicholas Wright Will April 19 2021 Little has been said about the 20 bill that brought officers to the scene The New York Times Retrieved August 9 2022 Nearly a year after Mr Floyd s death it remains unclear where the bill came from and whether Mr Floyd committed the crime that brought police officers to the scene a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o George Floyd What happened in the final moments of his life BBC News May 30 2020 Archived from the original on June 5 2020 Retrieved June 1 2020 a b c Barker Kim Eligon John Oppel Richard A Jr Furber Matt June 4 2020 Officers Charged in George Floyd s Death Not Likely to Present United Front The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 5 2020 Retrieved June 5 2020 a b c d Haworth Jon Torres Ella Pereira Ivan June 3 2020 Floyd died of cardiopulmonary arrest tested positive for COVID 19 autopsy 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For courageously recording the murder of George Floyd a video that spurred protests against police brutality around the world highlighting the crucial role of citizens in journalists quest for truth and justice Staff June 11 2021 Star Tribune wins Pulitzer for George Floyd reporting Darnella Frazier also cited Star Tribune Retrieved June 11 2021 Eagly Ingrid V Schwartz Joanna C 2022 Lexipol s Fight Against Police Reform Indiana Law Journal 97 1 SSRN 3869120 Further readingDreyer Benard P Trent Maria Anderson Ashaunta T Askew George L Boyd Rhea Coker Tumaini R Coyne Beasley Tamera Fuentes Afflick Elena Johnson Tiffani Mendoza Fernando Montoya Williams Diana September 1 2020 The Death of George Floyd Bending the Arc of History Toward Justice for Generations of Children Pediatrics 146 3 e2020009639 doi 10 1542 peds 2020 009639 ISSN 0031 4005 PMID 32591435 Hart Carl L July 22 2020 Exaggerating Harmful Drug Effects on the Brain Is Killing Black People Neuron 107 2 215 218 doi 10 1016 j neuron 2020 06 019 ISSN 0896 6273 PMC 7328574 PMID 32615067 External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Murder of George Floyd Complaint State of Minnesota v Derek Michael Chauvin Archived May 30 2020 at the Wayback Machine Minnesota District Court Fourth Judicial District File No 27 CR 20 12646 May 29 2020 Amended Complaint State of Minnesota v Derek Michael Chauvin Minnesota District Court Fourth Judicial District File No 27 CR 20 12646 June 3 2020 Complaint State of Minnesota v J Alexander Kueng Minnesota District Court Fourth Judicial District June 3 2020 Complaint State of Minnesota v Thomas Kiernan Lane Minnesota District Court Fourth Judicial District File No 27 CR 20 12951 June 3 2020 Complaint State of Minnesota v Tou Thao Minnesota District Court Fourth Judicial District File No 27 CR 20 12949 June 3 2020 Press Release Report Floyd George Perry Case No 2020 3700 Hennepin County Medical Examiner June 1 2020 Autopsy Report George Floyd Deceased ME No 20 3700 Hennepin County Medical Examiner June 1 2020 20 pages Stipulation and Order State of Minnesota v City of Minneapolis Police Department Minnesota District Court Fourth Judicial District File No 27 CV 20 8182 June 8 2020 Stipulation between City of Minneapolis and Minnesota Department of Human Rights and preliminary injunction Transcripts of audio of Floyd s last moments as recorded on Minneapolis police body camera footage and publicly filed on the state court record on July 8 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Murder of George Floyd amp oldid 1139727603, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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