fbpx
Wikipedia

Jeb Bush

February 16, 2024

John Ellis "Jeb" Bush (born February 11, 1953) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. A member of the Bush political family, he was an unsuccessful candidate for president of the United States in the 2016 Republican primaries.

Jeb Bush
Bush in 2015
43rd Governor of Florida
In office
January 5, 1999 – January 2, 2007
LieutenantFrank Brogan
Toni Jennings
Preceded byBuddy MacKay
Succeeded byCharlie Crist
Secretary of Commerce of Florida
In office
January 6, 1987 – September 9, 1988
GovernorBob Martinez
Preceded byWayne Mixson
Succeeded byBill Sutton
Personal details
Born
John Ellis Bush

(1953-02-11) February 11, 1953 (age 71)
Midland, Texas, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1974)​
Children3, including George
Parents
RelativesBush family
Alma materUniversity of Texas, Austin (BA)
Occupation
  • Politician
  • author
  • philanthropist
  • real estate developer
  • businessman
Signature

Bush, who grew up in Houston, was the second son of former President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush, and a younger brother of former President George W. Bush. He graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he earned a degree in Latin American affairs. In 1980, he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development. In 1986, Bush became Florida's Secretary of Commerce. He served until 1988. At that time, he joined his father's successful campaign for the Presidency.

In 1994, Bush made his first run for office, losing the election for governor by less than two percentage points to the incumbent Lawton Chiles. Bush ran again in 1998 and defeated lieutenant governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote. He ended up succeeding MacKay after Chiles died in office 23 days shy of his retirement. He ran for reelection in 2002, defeating Bill McBride and winning with 56 percent, to become Florida's first two-term Republican governor. During his eight years as governor, Bush pushed an ambitious Everglades conservation plan, supported caps for medical malpractice litigation, launched a Medicaid privatization pilot program, and instituted reforms to the state education system, including the issuance of vouchers and promoting school choice.

Bush announced his presidential candidacy on June 15, 2015. He suspended his campaign on February 20, 2016, shortly after the South Carolina primary, and endorsed Senator Ted Cruz on March 23, 2016.

Early life

 
Bush (front right) with family, early 1960s

Jeb Bush was born on February 11, 1953, in Midland, Texas. When he was six years old, the family relocated to the Tanglewood neighborhood[1] of Houston, Texas.[2] The nickname "Jeb" is composed of his initials J.E.B. (John Ellis Bush).[3]

He grew up with two younger brothers, Neil and Marvin, one younger sister, Dorothy, one older brother, George, who is seven years older, and, for the first eight months of his life, an older sister, Robin. Jeb Bush initially attended Grady Elementary School in Houston.[4] Following in the footsteps of his father and older brother George, at the age of 14 years in late 1967,[1] Bush began attending high school at the Andover, Massachusetts boarding school Phillips Academy, Andover.[5] Bush completed ninth grade in Houston, but was advised to repeat it at Andover, and was nearly expelled due to poor grades.[6] Bush recreationally used marijuana, hashish, and cigarettes during his high school years, although he made the honor roll by the end of his senior year and served as captain of the tennis team.[6]

At the age of 17, Bush taught English as a second language and assisted in the building of a school in Ibarrilla, a small village outside of León, Guanajuato, Mexico,[7] as part of Andover's student exchange summer program.[8] While in Mexico, he met his future wife, Columba Garnica Gallo.[8][9]

Bush, who had largely avoided criticizing or supporting the Vietnam War, registered for the draft after his graduation from high school in 1971.[6] In the fourth and final draft lottery drawing, on February 2, 1972, for men born in 1953 and to be inducted during 1973, Bush received a draft number of 26 on a calendar-based scale that went to 365. But no new draft orders were issued after 1972,[10] because the U.S. changed to an all-volunteer military beginning in 1973.[11]

Though many in his family had attended Yale University, Bush chose to attend the University of Texas at Austin, beginning in September 1971.[1] He played on the Texas Longhorns varsity tennis team in 1973.[1] Bush graduated Phi Beta Kappa and magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Latin American studies.[1][12] He completed his coursework in two and a half years.[13]

Early career

In 1974, Bush went to work in an entry-level position in the international division of Texas Commerce Bank, which was founded by the family of James Baker.[14] In November 1977, he was sent to Caracas, the capital of Venezuela, to open a new operation for the bank, where he served as branch manager and vice president.[15]

Following the 1980 presidential election, Bush and his family moved to Miami-Dade County, Florida. He took a job in real estate with Armando Codina, a 32-year-old Cuban immigrant and self-made millionaire. Codina had made a fortune in a computer business, and then formed a new company, The Codina Group, to pursue opportunities in real estate.[16] During his time with the company, Bush focused on finding tenants for commercial developments.[17] Codina eventually made Bush his partner in a new development business, which quickly became one of South Florida's leading real estate development firms. As a partner, Bush received 40% of the firm's profits.[18] In 1983, Bush said of his move from Houston to Miami: "On the personal side, my mother-in-law and sister-in-law were already living here." On the professional side, "I want to be very wealthy, and I'll be glad to tell you when I've accomplished that goal."[19]

During Bush's years in Miami, he was involved in many different entrepreneurial pursuits, including working for a mobile phone company, serving on the board of a Norwegian-owned company that sold fire equipment to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, becoming a minority owner of the Jacksonville Jaguars, buying a shoe company that sold footwear in Panama, and getting involved in a project selling water pumps in Nigeria.[20]

Bush was a lobbyist for Miguel Recarey, who ran International Medical Centres (IMC), a Florida-based health maintenance organization (HMO). Recarey "employed" Bush as a real estate consultant and paid him a US$75,000 fee for finding the company a new location, although the move never took place. Bush did, however, lobby the Reagan administration vigorously and successfully on behalf of Recarey and IMC to waive a rule of Medicare enrollee proportion.[20][21] Recarey received US$781 million in Medicare payments for 197 000 enrollees but did not pay doctors and hospitals for their care.[22] As of 2015 Recarey was a fugitive living in Spain.[21] The IMC fraud was one of the largest in Medicare history.[23]

Early political career

 
Bush greeting President Ronald Reagan in 1986
 
Bush as Florida Secretary of Commerce

Bush volunteered for his father's campaigns in 1980 and 1988. During the 1980 campaign, Bush worked as an unpaid volunteer, and expressed great admiration for his father.[24] In the mid-1980s, Bush got his start in Florida politics as the Chairman of the Dade County Republican Party.[1][24][25] Dade County played an important role in the 1986 election of Bob Martinez to the Governor's office. In return, Martinez appointed Bush as Florida's Secretary of Commerce.[25] He served in that role from 1987 to 1988, before resigning to work on his father's presidential campaign.

Bush frequently communicated with his father's staff from 1981 through 1992.[26] The younger Bush recommended Dexter Lehtinen for the post of U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Florida and set up a meeting between the Bush Administration and Motorola.[26] He also advocated for Cuban exiles living in South Florida, and supported the Cuban embargo.[26] In 1990, Bush urged his father to pardon Orlando Bosch, a Cuban exile who had been convicted of firing a rocket into a Polish ship which was on passage to Cuba. Bosch was released from prison and granted residency in the U.S.[20]

In 1989, Bush was the campaign manager of Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, the first Cuban-American to serve in Congress, in her special election.[27] In 1994, Bush launched an unsuccessful bid for the Governor's office against incumbent Democratic Governor Lawton Chiles.[27] Bush ran that year as a conservative. At one point, he was asked what he would do for African Americans, and Bush responded: "It's time to strive for a society where there's equality of opportunity, not equality of results. So I'm going to answer your question by saying: probably nothing."[28][29] Bush led through much of the campaign. Then with just a few weeks before election day, Bush ran a campaign ad featuring the mother of a 10-year-old girl who had been abducted and murdered many years before. The ad opened with pictures of the girl and then shifted to her mother who gave a description of her daughter's case and then said "Her killer is still on death row and we're still waiting for justice. We won't get it from Lawton Chiles because he's too liberal on crime. . . Lawton Chiles has let us down. . . I know Jeb Bush. He'll make criminals serve their sentences and enforce the death penalty. Lawton Chiles won't."[30][31] The ad caused a storm of controversy. Florida prosecutors and former Supreme Court justices toured the state with Chiles saying that Bush didn't know what he was talking about. It was compared, including by a rankled Chiles, to the Willie Horton ad run on behalf of Bush's father in 1988. Bush further caused himself problems after being asked by reporters shortly after the ad started airing if signing death warrants immediately would have changed the outcome of the case by saying "No." With polls showing that voters had doubts about Bush's integrity, Chiles began pounding on the theme that Bush could not be trusted. In every commercial, no matter what the subject, Chiles ended with the tagline: "That's why we can't trust Jeb Bush with our future."[32] At the candidates last debate, the only one of the campaign held in prime time, moderator Tim Russert asked Bush how he could continue to justify running the ad that was "by your own admission, misleading." Bush responded that the ad was no longer being aired because it had "completed," but that he would have kept it on the air longer. He tried to justify running it by saying that Chiles was in his opinion, "liberal on crime," and hadn't yet acted on some other death warrants. Chiles said when it was his turn to respond that he had supported the death penalty all his life and that he had executed as many people as governor, eight, as the previous two administrations; that "as Governor, I hold the phone as they walk into the death chamber, I give the last command before they pull the switch." And then he said: "You put on this ad, Jeb. You knew it was false. You even admitted it was false. . . I'm ashamed that you would use the agony of a mother and the loss of her daughter in an ad like this. It's demagoguery, pure and simple. Every paper in the state has looked at that ad; everyone of them has said it is a new low. Your father had the record in the Willie Horton ad, but you've outdone that. And Jeb, I'll tell you how long you ran that ad, you ran that ad til' your polls started telling you you were taking a beating on it, and you still are taking a beating on it! It was a mistake, you shouldn't have done it," as whoops and applause rang out from Chiles partisans in the audience[33] (incidentally, the girl in the ad's convicted killer would not be executed until 2013, during the administration of Governor Rick Scott).[34] Bush lost the election by only 63,940 votes out of 4,206,076 that were cast for the major party candidates (2,135,008; 51% to 2,071,068; 49%). In the same election year, his older brother, George, was elected Governor of Texas. Following his election loss, Bush joined the board of The Heritage Foundation and continued to work with Codina Partners.[17] Alongside T. Willard Fair, the president of the Urban League's Miami affiliate, Bush helped to establish Florida's first charter school.[17]

Governor of Florida

 
 
Bush's gubernatorial portraits

Bush ran again for governor in 1998, defeating Democrat Buddy MacKay, who was lieutenant governor. Bush ran for reelection in 2002 to become Florida's first two-term Republican governor.[35] During his eight years as governor, Bush was credited with initiating environmental improvements, such as conservation in the Everglades,[36] supporting caps for medical malpractice litigation, moving medicaid recipients to private systems, and instituting reforms to the state education system, including the issuance of vouchers and promoting school choice.[37][38] Bush was governor when his brother George won an intensely fought election recount in Florida to become president. Bush recused himself from any official role in the recount.[39]

1998 election bid

Main article: 1998 Florida gubernatorial election

In 1998, Bush defeated his Democratic opponent, Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay, by over 418,000 votes (2,191,105; 55 percent to 1,773,054; 45 percent) to become Governor of Florida. He campaigned as a "consensus-building pragmatist".[29] Simultaneously, his brother, George W. Bush won a re-election victory for a second term as Governor of Texas, and they became the first siblings to govern two states simultaneously since Nelson and Winthrop Rockefeller governed New York and Arkansas from 1967 to 1971.[40]

In the 1998 election, Bush garnered 61 percent of the Hispanic vote and 14 percent of the African American vote.[41]

2002 re-election bid

Main article: 2002 Florida gubernatorial election

Bush was unopposed in the 2002 Republican gubernatorial primary, and in the general election he faced Democratic challenger Bill McBride. They met for two debates, in the most expensive Florida gubernatorial election yet.[42][43][44] Voting went smoothly.[45] Bush defeated McBride 56 percent to 43 percent, a greater margin of victory than in 1998.

Bush won 44 percent of the state's Jewish vote in the 2002 race.[46] Bush also won the white female vote in the swing-voting battleground of Central Florida's I-4 corridor.[47] However, he was not able to replicate the same success with African American voters (like he had earlier in 1998), winning only 8 percent of the African American vote. He became the first Republican governor of Florida to win re-election.[35]

Tenure

Economic policy

While governor, Bush presided over a state government that reduced taxes by US$19 billion and he vetoed US$2 billion in new spending, according to The Wall Street Journal.[48] An analysis conducted by economist Martin Sullivan, which eliminated the effects of the federal estate tax repeal (which did not require legislative action to go into effect) and inflation, estimated the cumulative reduction in taxes by the state at closer to US$13 billion during Bush's tenure, resulting in tax savings by 2006 of US$140 per person, per year.[49] A substantial amount of the tax savings in the higher estimate came from the phasing out of the federal estate tax law implemented in 2001 under President George W. Bush, for a total tax savings of US$848 million per year; Jeb Bush did not push for a replacement with a state tax.[49] The biggest reduction in taxes was due to the elimination of the state's Intangible Personal Property Tax, which applied to holdings of stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and money market funds.[50]

During Bush's tenure, the state also increased its reserves from US$1.3 billion to US$9.8 billion, which coincided with Florida receiving the highest possible bond rating for the first time.[48] According to Kurt Wenner, VP of research at Florida Tax Watch, Bush was governor during one of the strongest revenue periods for the state of Florida, due in part to the boom in property values, so that revenue grew despite the tax cuts he implemented.[51]

Bush reduced the state's government workforce by 11 percent.[52][53] In May 2006, as part of a US$448.7 million line-item veto of state funding, he cut a total of US$5.8 million in grants to public libraries, pilot projects for library homework help and web-based high-school texts, and funding for a joint-use library in Tampa.[54]

As Governor of Florida, Bush received grades of B in 2000,[55][56] A in 2002,[57][58] B in 2004,[59][60] and C in 2006[61][62] from the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank, in their biennial Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's governors.

Education policy

Bush's administration emphasized public education reform. His "A+ Plan" established heightened standards, required testing of all students, and graded all Florida schools. From 1998 to 2005, reading scores of 4th grade students in Florida on the National Assessment of Educational Progress increased 11 points, compared to 2.5 points nationally, according to the Maine Heritage Policy Center, a conservative think tank which opposes standardized testing.[63]

Bush has been a proponent of school vouchers and charter schools, especially in areas of the state with failing public schools, although to date very few schools have received failing grades from the state. He established the McKay Scholarship Program which provides vouchers for students with learning disabilities to attend a school of their choice. He also established the A+ Opportunity Scholarship Program which provided vouchers to students. This program was struck down by the Florida Supreme Court in 2006.[64]

Bush helped create the Corporate Income Tax Credit Scholarship which provides corporations with tax credits for donations to Scholarship Funding Organizations. Those organizations must spend 100% of the donations on scholarships for low income students.[63]

Bush declined to raise taxes for education, which led him to oppose a ballot initiative to amend the Florida Constitution to cap growing school class sizes. Bush said he had "a couple of devious plans if this thing passes".[65][66] Despite his opposition, the amendment passed.[67]

In higher education, Bush approved three new medical schools during his tenure and also put forth the "One Florida" proposal, an initiative that had the effect of ending affirmative action admissions programs at state universities.[68] These moves were among the concerns that led to the faculty of the University of Florida to deny Bush an honorary degree, while the University of Florida Alumni Association made him an honorary alumnus.[69]

Health policy

As governor, Bush proposed and passed into law major reform to the medical liability system. The Florida Senate, a majority of which were Republican, opposed Bush's proposed caps on non-economic damages for injury and wrongful death. Bush insisted, and called the legislature into five special sessions. The contentious debate even included a senior Bush staffer calling for primary opposition to Republicans who disagreed with the Governor on the reforms. Eventually, the legislature agreed to the caps and Bush's reforms passed. In 2014, after Bush left office, the Florida Supreme Court ruled the damage cap – the "centerpiece" of the 2003 legislation that Bush had pushed for – to be a violation of the state Constitution's equal protection clause, discriminating against "those who are most grievously injured, those who sustain the greatest damage and loss, and multiple claimants."[70]

Bush passed a reform to Florida's Medicaid system that moved recipients into private managed care systems.[48]

Bush was involved in the Terri Schiavo case, involving a woman with massive brain damage, who was on a feeding tube for over 15 years, and whose husband and legal guardian, Michael Schiavo, wished to remove the tube. This move was opposed by Terri Schiavo's parents in the courts. Bush signed "Terri's Law", legislation passed by the Florida legislature that authorized him, as governor, to keep Schiavo on life support.[71][72] The law was ruled unconstitutional by the Florida Supreme Court on September 23, 2004. That decision was appealed to the federal courts. On January 24, 2005, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the case, thus allowing the Florida court's ruling to stand.[73]

While Governor of Florida, Bush was opposed to abortion.[74] He supported a law requiring parental notification for teen abortions and requested that the courts appoint a guardian for the unborn child of a mentally disabled woman who had been raped.[75] Choose Life, a pro-life advocacy group based in Ocala, Florida, submitted a specialty license plate application—previously vetoed by Governor Lawton Chiles—which passed both houses and was signed into law by Bush on June 8, 1999.[76][77]

Other policies

 
Bush at Rookery Bay participating in Earth Day activities in 2004

Bush signed legislation to restore the Everglades in 2000 as part of a US$8 billion project in conjunction with the federal government. He also set aside over one million acres of land for conservation as part of a land purchase program.[78]

In 2001, Bush eliminated civil service protection for over 16,000 state jobs, which had the effect of making it easier to fire employees in those positions. In addition, he issued an executive order which removed racial preferences in state contracting.[48]

In 2004, Bush supported an unsuccessful bill to allow illegal immigrants to be issued drivers licenses by the state.[48]

Bush supported more than a dozen new protections for gun owners.[48] In 2005, he signed into law Florida's stand-your-ground law,[79][80] which was the first such state law in the United States.[81]

Bush is an advocate of capital punishment and 21 prisoners were executed during his term.[82] After the execution of Ángel Nieves Díaz was seemingly botched—it took 37 minutes to complete, and required a second injection of the lethal chemicals—he suspended all executions in Florida on December 15, 2006.[83]

During Bush's tenure, the racial and gender diversity of the state's judicial bench increased. However, according to the Wall Street Journal, Democrats criticized some of Bush's judicial appointments as being "overtly partisan and political".[48]

Veto of high-speed rail and other vetoes

Bush often used the line-item veto to limit state spending.[84][85] He exercised his veto to stop other legislation as well (such as a bill about "parenting coordinators").[86]

In 1995, the Florida state legislature created the High-Speed Rail Authority (HSRA) and came up with a public-private partnership model. Government would build the system leveraging state dollars with federal funds and tax-free bonding. The private sector was to invest money in the project, help design and build the network, and be given the franchise to operate the trains (known as design-build-maintain-operate, or DBOM). Trains would be privately owned, similar to how the airline industry operates in a publicly financed airport.[87]

The rail system and its planning was estimated to cost $7–$8 billion. The Florida HSRA and the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) reached an agreement with a consortium that included the Fluor Corporation and Bombardier Transportation. The consortium agreed to invest $300 million and utilize the DBOM functionality. The state of Florida would float state bonds, and FDOT would commit $70 million annually (increasing three percent yearly to account for inflation) to service the bonds for the next thirty years. Federal monies would pay for the interest on the bonds, and the state monies would satisfy the principal. When the high-speed railroad was running, operating surpluses would also be applied to the debt.[88]

The high-speed rail project nearly came to fruition until Bush became governor in 1999 and ended the project his second day in office,[88] stating that the venture posed too much risk and cost for Florida taxpayers.[89] State legislators reacted by adding the project on the 2000 ballot as a constitutional amendment which was ultimately passed by voters. The amendment directed Bush and legislature to start building the railroad system by 2003. Bush vetoed funding for both the project and the board, and led a high-profile campaign to repeal the constitutional requirement that mandated the construction of the high-speed system.[87][88] Voters repealed the constitutional amendment. Many who voted believed they were supporting the train, though in fact a "yes" vote was to approve the repeal.[88]

FDOT spokesperson Nazih Haddah commented that "the rhetoric was inflammatory and misleading. It was really exaggerating tactics that were used to defeat this. The financing and the project were sound. It really squandered a great opportunity for this state."[88] Other public officials stated that Bush's underhanded tactics were emblematic of his willingness to protect moneyed interests – including developers, energy producers and highway builders – who opposed a shift toward mass transit and helped fund the repeal effort. "It's that arrogance of kind of the 1%," said Orlando transportation engineer Ian Lockwood.[90]

Public opinion polling

According to The Miami Herald, Bush averaged a 58 percent job approval rating during his eight years in office.[91] He left office with a high partisan gap in his ratings: 70 percent among Republicans and 32 percent among Democrats.[92] He also appealed to a vast majority of independents: 66 percent of those voters graded his governorship in the A or B tier.[92]

In a November 1999 polling survey by the Orlando Sentinel, Bush was rated "excellent or good" by 60 percent of Florida voters, rated "fair" by 26 percent of voters, and rated "poor" by ten percent of voters.[93] In another polling survey by The Florida Voter in April 2000, Bush's overall ratings dropped to 54 percent of voters approving and 31 percent disapproving of his governorship.[94] A Sun Sentinel survey in August placed Bush's approval rating at 57 percent and disapproval rating at 24 percent.[95] In June 2001, the month Bush announced he would run for a second term, his approval rating remained steady in the mid-50s.[96] In August, a Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy survey saw Bush's approval rating fall to 49 percent, the first time during his tenure that a majority of voters did not approve of his governorship.[97][98] According to a polling survey conducted by The Tampa Tribune in January 2002, Bush was rated "excellent or good" by 58 percent of voters, rated "fair" by 27 percent of voters, and rated "poor" by 14 percent of voters.[99] In a March 2002 Tampa Tribune polling survey, when voters were asked, "do you approve or disapprove the job Jeb Bush is doing as governor", 56 percent of voters said they approved of Bush's governorship, while 35 percent said they disapproved.[100] A Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy survey in June 2002 found Bush with a 62 percent approval rating.[101] In a July poll by The Florida Voter, 52 percent of voters said they approved of Bush, a heavy decline from the previous month.[102] In an October survey by The Tarrance Group, Bush garnered an approval rating of 57 percent going into his reelection bid.[103] The results of the election were almost an exact match to the poll, with Bush receiving 56 percent of the vote. In a Sun Sentinel survey in June 2003, Bush was rated "excellent" by 14 percent of voters, rated "good" by 40 percent of voters, rated "fair" by 29 percent of voters, and rated "poor" by 9 percent of voters.[104]

In an April 2004 survey by the Orlando Sentinel, Bush was rated "excellent or good" by 54 percent of voters, rated "fair" by 23 percent of voters, and rated "poor" by 23 percent of voters.[105] In an August polling survey by SurveyUSA, Bush garnered a 56 percent approval rating.[106] After the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season concluded, a Strategic Vision survey saw his approval rating jump to 61 percent.[107] In another SurveyUSA survey in September 2005, Bush's approval rating declined to 53 percent.[106] A Quinnipiac University polling survey conducted in November 2005 also concluded that Bush's approval rating was at 53 percent.[108] In a March 2006 survey by Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy, Bush was rated "excellent or good" by 63 percent of voters, rated "fair" by 21 percent of voters, and rated "poor" by 16 percent of voters.[109] In October 2006, the St. Petersburg Times asked voters to grade Governor Bush by letter; in the poll 56 percent of voters graded Bush with an A or a B, 23 percent graded him with a C, 10 percent graded him with a D, and 7 percent graded him an F.[110] In a November poll by Mason-Dixon Polling & Strategy, Bush's approval rating reached its highest ever at 64 percent.[91]

Post-governorship

Impact on political party

 
Bush in Derry, New Hampshire on June 16, 2015

According to political scientist Susan MacManus from the University of South Florida, "In Florida, [Bush is] still perceived as conservative, especially on fiscal issues and even on social issues."[50]

Outside of Florida, fellow Republican leaders throughout the country have sought Bush's aid both on and off the campaign trail. Bush's out-of-state campaign visits include Kentucky, where Republican challenger Ernie Fletcher appeared with Bush and won that state's governorship in 2003, ending a 32-year streak of Democratic governors.[111] In the first few months of 2014, Bush campaigned for New Mexico Gov. Susana Martinez, Nevada Gov. Brian Sandoval, Sen. Lamar Alexander (Tenn.), and David Jolly who won a special congressional election in Florida.[112]

Bush has been criticized by some in the Tea Party as not being sufficiently conservative, as he supports positions on immigration and Common Core that are unpopular with some conservatives.[113] Bush publicly criticized the national Republican party for its adherence to "an orthodoxy that doesn't allow for disagreement" on June 11, 2012. In comments shared with Bloomberg View, Bush suggested that former Republican Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush would "have had a hard time" finding support in the contemporary GOP.[114]

In October 2013, Bush called for passage of immigration reform.[115] In April 2014, Bush said of illegal immigration: "It's an act of love. It's an act of commitment to your family. I honestly think that that is a different kind of crime. There should be a price paid, but it shouldn't rile people up that people are actually coming to this country to provide for their families."[116]

Political interests

From 2004 to 2007, Bush served as a board member for the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB).[117] Created by Congress, the board's purpose is to establish policy on reports examining K-12 students' academic progress in America's public and private schools. Since then Bush's education foundation has advocated for the Common Core State Standards Initiative.[118] In October 2013, referring to opponents of the standards, Bush said that while "criticisms and conspiracy theories are easy attention grabbers", he instead wanted to hear their solutions to the problems in American education.[119]

In May 2006, Bush was approached to become the next commissioner of the National Football League.[120] The outgoing commissioner, Paul Tagliabue, was searching for replacements. In response, Bush said on May 24, 2006, that "I'm Governor of the state of Florida and I intend to be Governor until I leave—which is January 2007."[121] Roger Goodell eventually became the new NFL commissioner.

Business activities

According to Fox Business, Bush earned nearly half of the US$29 million he earned between 2007 and when he decided to run for Republican presidential nomination in December 2014, from Wall Street banks and companies.[122]

In April 2007, Bush joined Tenet Healthcare's board of directors.[123] The following August, Bush joined investment bank, Lehman Brothers, as an adviser in its private equity group.[124] Bush has also served on the board of InnoVida, Swisher Hygiene, and Rayonier and has served as an adviser to Barclays.[125] Bush would later return US$270,000 in consultancy fees he had been paid by InnoVida after they declared bankruptcy.[126]

As of 2014, Bush had received more than US$2 million from his work for Tenet, a company that expected to receive US$100 million in new earnings in 2014 because of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) and that "aggressively encouraged Americans to sign up for insurance under the program...."[125] Bush has reportedly objected to the ACA at company meetings, but has kept his personal views separate from what is best for Tenet.[125]

Bush owns several international stocks.[127]

2016 presidential campaign

Main article: Jeb Bush presidential campaign, 2016
 
Bush speaking at CPAC in Washington D.C., 2015

Bush had been considered a potential candidate in the 2016 presidential election since the end of the 2012 election.[128]

On October 2, 2014, George W. Bush said that his brother "wants to be President".[129]

On December 16, 2014, Bush announced via Facebook that he would be "actively exploring" a 2016 run to become President of the United States and at the end of the year resigned several corporate boards.[130][131]

In February 2015, Bush released several thousand emails from his time as governor online. Most of the emails are in the public record under Florida's Sunshine Laws. However, Bush created controversy by releasing some emails that included some personal details such as social security numbers, names, and addresses, as well as the contents of the messages.[132][133] Bush's campaign team subsequently redacted the personal information.[134]

 
Bush speaking in Iowa, 2016

By extending the exploration mode of his potential candidacy to a six-month period (his scheduled announcement came one day short of six months into his exploratory phase), Bush used his time to get acquainted with the press, court donors, and prepare a strategy. In doing this, he navigated several campaign finance laws which limit donations and prohibit coordination with Super PACs. This included delaying his official announcement to run, in order to circumvent the cap on primary donations of $2,700 per individual.[135] In May 2015, it was reported that Bush had been raising money since January 2015, estimated to be close to US$100 million, for his super PAC, Right to Rise.[136]

 
Bush's campaign logo

Bush announced his candidacy on June 15, 2015, at a multicultural campus of Miami Dade College.[137][138][139] According to Reuters, Bush characterized himself as a moderate Republican who still has conservative principles; he promised immigration reform, spoke fluent Spanish, mentioned his wife's Mexican origins, and criticized Hillary Clinton.[140] David Yepsen, director of the Paul Simon Public Policy Institute, said: "It's pretty hard for [Republicans] to win the White House if current Hispanic voting trends continue. (Bush) has some unique abilities to appeal to those voters and he's going to maximize them."[140]

After a series of poor results in Iowa and New Hampshire, Bush spent his remaining money and campaign effort on the South Carolina primary. He placed fourth with under 8% of the vote. That night, Bush suspended his campaign, ending his presidential bid, and subsequently endorsed Texas Senator Ted Cruz.[141][142][143][144] In an analysis of what went wrong, POLITICO argues that: "His slow, awkward stumble from August through October encapsulates everything that caused the operation viewed as 'Jeb!, Inc.' to fail. Bush was on the wrong side of the most galvanizing issues for Republican primary voters, he himself was a rusty and maladroit campaigner and his campaign was riven by internal disagreements and a crippling fear that left them paralyzed and unable to react to Trump."[145]

In May 2016, Bush announced he would vote neither for Trump nor Clinton.[146]

Political positions

Main article: Political positions of Jeb Bush

Bush has addressed myriad political issues over the course of his career, many of them during his governorship as already described. In conjunction with his 2015 bid for the presidency, he has revisited many issues that he addressed before, as well as discussing many new ones.

Domestic issues

Bush believes abortions should only be legal in the case of rape or incest or if the life of the mother is in danger. He does not support public funding for abortion clinics.[147]

Bush generally rejects the scientific consensus on climate change,[148] which is that climate change is real, progressing, dangerous, and primarily caused by human activity. While he has stated that "I think global warming may be real" he has incorrectly claimed that "it is not unanimous among scientists that it is disproportionately manmade." and that "What I get a little tired of on the left is this idea that somehow science has decided all this so you can't have a view."[148] National Journal wrote that Bush "does not acknowledge the scientific consensus that human activity drives climate change".[149]

Bush favors repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA or "Obamacare") and replacing it with a "market-oriented" alternative.[150][151] Bush has called the current law a "monstrosity"[151] that is "flawed to its core."[152] Bush has proposed some sort of state- or local-government funded "catastrophic coverage" system, in which "if you have a hardship that goes way beyond your means of paying for it, ... the government is there or an entity is there to help you deal with that."[151] After the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the ACA in King v. Burwell in June 2015, Bush stated that the decision was "not the end of the fight" against the law.[153]

In 2015, Bush took the position that people in the United States illegally should have a path to legal status, but not a path to citizenship,[150] and said that legal status and avoiding deportation should require immigrants to pay fines, get work permits, pay taxes, not receive government assistance, learn English, and not commit crimes.[154] He supports tougher enforcement of immigration laws, including prosecution of businesses that try to hire illegal aliens.[154]

Bush, an opponent of same-sex marriage, disagreed with the Obergefell v. Hodges Supreme Court decision[155] and believes that the issue should be decided by the states rather than by the federal government[156] and that it is not a constitutional right.[157][158] He holds that businesses should have the right to refuse to provide services for same-sex weddings on religious grounds.[158] In July 2015, Bush said he supported lifting the military's ban on allowing transgender people to openly serve in the military, so long as "the military's comfortable with this" and it did not impact morale.[159]

Overall, Bush is for expanding gun owners' rights.[150]

As Governor, Bush adopted a "tough on crime" approach.[160][161] In the 1998 gubernatorial election, he ran on a 10-20-life platform which imposed stronger mandatory minimum sentences for individuals who used guns in crimes.[161] Bush is a supporter of the death penalty.[162] In his unsuccessful 1994 campaign for Florida governor, Bush promised to sign many more death warrants as governor.[162] One of the "central themes" of Bush's 1994 campaign was his proposal to shorten the appeals period in capital cases.[163] During Bush's term as governor, some 21 prisoners were executed.[164] In 2015, Bush said he was conflicted about the death penalty.[160] In his 1994 campaign, Bush proposed publishing the names of juvenile delinquents so the public would "know who the thugs are in their neighborhoods."[162] In 2002, Bush opposed a Florida ballot measure that would have allowed nonviolent drug offenders to enter treatment programs instead of prison.[165] Bush's then-24-year-old daughter had been arrested the same year on drug-related charges and underwent treatment.[165]

Bush admitted smoking marijuana in his teenage years. "Forty years ago I smoked marijuana and I admitted it," said Bush. "I'm sure other people did it and didn't want to admit it in front of 40 million people."[166] He also agreed that his decision to take marijuana was "stupid" and "wrong."[167][168] Bush believes each state should be allowed to decide whether it is appropriate to legalize marijuana or not.[150]

Bush opposes net neutrality.[169]

In September 2020, Bush told The Carlos Watson Show that he was interested in the concept of a universal basic income, as popularized by 2020 Democratic presidential candidate Andrew Yang.[170]

Economic issues

Bush supports a decrease in capital gains taxes and property taxes. He supports cutting taxes for all Americans and believes they do better with less government interference. Bush also is a supporter of welfare restrictions. He supports the following: a four-year limit of benefits, a requirement that able-bodied recipients participate in work-related activities in order to receive benefits, and limiting benefits given to recipients if they have additional children while on welfare.[171]

Bush favors gradually raising the retirement age (i.e., the age for collecting Social Security retirement benefits) from 65 to 68 or 70.[172]

Bush is a frequent critic of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.[173][174]

International relations and security

 
Bush greeting British Prime Minister John Major in 1991, along with his father, President George H. W. Bush

In May 2015, Bush stated that he would have ordered the 2003 invasion of Iraq had he been president at the time: "I would have [authorized the invasion], and so would have Hillary Clinton, just to remind everybody. And so would almost everybody that was confronted with the intelligence they got." He also indicated that the lack of focus on post-invasion security was a mistake.[175] He later stated that "knowing what we know now, ...I would not have engaged". "I would not have gone into Iraq", he said. He also argued that the invasion—though perhaps inspired by faulty intelligence—had been beneficial, saying the world was "significantly safer" without Saddam Hussein in power.[176]

In 2015, Bush said that he does not support a further major commitment of U.S. troops in Iraq to fight the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS or ISIL), saying that such a deployment is not needed to defeat ISIS.[177] He has not, however, ruled out such a deployment in the future.[177] Bush favors building a new U.S. base in Iraq's al-Anbar province,[150] and has said that some U.S. troops ought to be embedded with Iraqi armed forces to help train them and identify targets as joint terminal attack controllers (JTACs).[154][177] Bush has not commented on adding to the approximately 3,500 U.S. troops in Iraq now.[150]

In a speech, Bush said his brother, former President George W. Bush, was his main adviser on policy with the Middle East. Bush later clarified that he was referring to policy on Israel, rather than on the Middle East as a whole.[178][179]

Bush supports the continued collection of metadata of phone calls by the National Security Agency.[180] He also supports the USA Patriot Act, and criticized efforts by Senator Rand Paul and others to stop its reauthorization. Bush stated that Paul was "wrong" about the Patriot Act and stated that: "The Patriot Act has kept us safe, plain and simple. The metadata program has kept us safe, plain and simple. There's been no violation of civil liberties."[181]

Bush has called for increased military spending, expressing the belief that 2.5% of GDP is an insufficient amount.[182][183]

Bush has called the April 2015 Iran nuclear deal framework a "horrific deal" and said he would likely terminate any final agreement should he become president.[154] He has argued that the deal would put Iran into a position where it could intimidate the Middle East.[150] Bush condemned the July 2015 final nuclear agreement between Iran and the P5+1 world powers, calling it "appeasement."[184] However, Bush stated that he would not seek to revoke the agreement on his first day in office.[185]

Bush supported President Donald Trump's decision to recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital. He tweeted: "Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and I applaud @POTUS for seeing through America's promise to relocate its embassy there. This is an important show of solidarity with Israel, one of our nation's greatest allies."[186]

Civic and charitable activities

After losing a 1994 election for Governor of Florida against Lawton Chiles, Bush pursued policy and charitable interests. He "volunteered time to assist the Miami Children's Hospital, the United Way of Dade County and the Dade County Homeless Trust".[187]

Bush served from 2012[188] to 2015 as co-chair of the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy.[189] He has also worked with The James Madison Institute (JMI), a free market public policy think tank based in Tallahassee, Florida. He helped the institute in numerous ways and still has his think tank working in conjunction with it. In June 2008, Bush's Foundation for Excellence in Education partnered with JMI to hold a summit called Excellence in Action: A National Summit on Education Reform.[190]

In 1996, The Foundation For Florida's Future published a book that Bush had co-written, Profiles in Character (ISBN 0-9650912-0-1), a clear parallel to John F. Kennedy's 1955 book Profiles in Courage. The foundation also published and distributed policy papers, such as "A New Lease on Learning: Florida's First Charter School", which Bush co-wrote.[191] Bush subsequently wrote the foreword to another book, published by the conservative Heritage Foundation and written by Nina Shokraii Rees, School Choice 2000: What's Happening in the States (ISBN 0-89195-089-3).

Bush co-founded the first charter school in the State of Florida: Liberty City Charter School, a grades K-6 elementary school.[192] in a Miami neighborhood that, in 1980, was the site of the first major race riot since the Civil Rights era.[193] The school's co-founder, working alongside Bush, was T. Willard Fair, a local black activist and head of the Greater Miami Urban League. The Liberty City Charter School was closed in 2008 after falling more than US$1 million in debt.[194]

In 2000, Bush established the Points of Light program to recognize an "exemplary volunteer, organization, or person".[195]

Bush is the honorary chairman of the Annual AT&T Jeb Bush Florida Golf Classic, a fundraiser that benefits the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. He first became involved in the benefit after meeting with committee member Lawson Dutton, whose child suffered from cystic fibrosis.[196] Supporters raised more than US$722,000 in 2014 at the 19th annual Jeb Bush Florida Classic, exceeding their goals in attendance and revenues raised.[197][198] Since the event's inception 19 years ago, the total revenue netted has reached over US$7.478 million.[197]

Personal life

 
Bush with his family, June 2001

In the city of León, Mexico, where he was teaching English during 1970 as part of a foreign exchange program, Bush met Columba Garnica Gallo.[8] They were married on February 23, 1974, in Austin, Texas.[8][199][200] As of 2014, the family residence is in Coral Gables, Florida.[201] Bush is fluent in Spanish.[202]

 
Bush at the state funeral for his father in December 2018

The Bushes have three children: George Prescott (born April 24, 1976, in Texas),[203][204] went to Gulliver Preparatory School, studied at Rice University, and earned a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Texas School of Law. In the 2014 election, he was elected Commissioner of the Texas General Land Office.[203] Noelle Lucila Bush (born 1977) is his only daughter. In November 2015, while campaigning in New Hampshire, Bush detailed Noelle's struggles with drug abuse.[205][206] His other son, Jeb Bush Jr. (born 1983), who attended Bolles School,[8] works for a Miami, Florida, commercial real estate firm. Bush has four grandchildren, two through his elder son, and two through his younger son.[207]

In 1995, Bush converted from Episcopalianism to Catholicism.[208] In 2004, he became a Fourth Degree Knight of Columbus.[209] Bush, a member of Father Hugon Council 3521 in Tallahassee, has joined the Father Hugon Assembly.[210]

In April 2018, upon mother Barbara Bush's death, Bush delivered a eulogy on behalf of the family at her funeral.[211]

Electoral history

1994 Florida gubernatorial election[212]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Lawton Chiles (incumbent) 2,135,008 50.75%
Republican Jeb Bush 2,071,068 49.23%
Write-in 583 0.0%
Majority 63,940 1.52%
Turnout 4,206,659
Democratic hold
1998 Florida gubernatorial election[213]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jeb Bush 2,191,105 55.27%
Democratic Buddy MacKay 1,773,054 44.72%
Write-in 282 0.01%
Total votes 3,964,441 100.00%
Republican gain from Democratic
2002 Florida gubernatorial election[214]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jeb Bush (incumbent) 2,856,845 56.0
Democratic Bill McBride 2,201,427 43.2
No Party Affiliation Bob Kunst 42,039 0.8
Write-ins 270 0.01
Majority 655,418 12.8
Turnout 5,100,581 54.8
Republican hold
Cumulative results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Donald Trump 14,015,993 44.95%
Republican Ted Cruz 7,822,100 25.08%
Republican John Kasich 4,290,448 13.76%
Republican Marco Rubio 3,515,576 11.27%
Republican Ben Carson 857,039 2.75%
Republican Jeb Bush 286,694 0.92%
Republican Rand Paul 66,788 0.21%
Republican Mike Huckabee 51,450 0.16%
Republican Carly Fiorina 40,666 0.13%
Republican Chris Christie 57,637 0.18%
Republican Jim Gilmore 18,369 0.06%
Republican Rick Santorum 16,627 0.05%
2016 Republican National Convention delegate count
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Donald Trump 1,441 58.3%
Republican Ted Cruz 551 22.3%
Republican Marco Rubio 173 7.0%
Republican John Kasich 161 6.5%
Republican Ben Carson 9 0.4%
Republican Jeb Bush 4 0.2%
Republican Rand Paul 1 <0.01%
Republican Mike Huckabee 1 <0.01%
Republican Carly Fiorina 1 <0.01%

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f McCrimmon, Ryan (March 17, 2015). "In Texas, a Focused Jeb Bush Stood Out From the Crowd". Texas Tribune. Austin, Texas. from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  2. ^ "Florida Governor Jeb Bush". National Governors Association. from the original on May 5, 2014. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
  3. ^ "Jeb Bush's Pros and Cons". The Huffington Post. December 16, 2014. from the original on June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
  4. ^ "Long-held values shape Public Life of Jeb Bush May 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine." The Miami Herald. September 22, 2002. Retrieved on October 15, 2012. "Bush attended public Grady Elementary School in Houston for several years[...]"
  5. ^ "Jeb Bush gives Andover kids Republic insight". Boston.com. from the original on May 5, 2014. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
  6. ^ a b c Kranish, Michael (February 1, 2015). "Jeb Bush shaped by troubled Phillips Academy years". Boston Globe. from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  7. ^ Kruse, Michael (May 21, 2015). "Andover, Mexico and the Making of Jeb Bush". Politico. Washington, DC. from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2015. Before the Andover boys and teacher John J. Patrick helped build the two-room schoolhouse in Ibarrilla, outside of León, in their two-month trip in 1971, the village had no school at all—only a local woman who volunteered to teach the children who were interested in learning rudimentary reading and math skills.
  8. ^ a b c d e Guevara-Castro, Lillian (May 5, 1999). "Florida's First Lady: Columba Bush settles into life in the governor's mansion". Ocala Star-Banner. Ocala, Florida. from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved March 22, 2015. Columba Garnica Gallo was 16 and John Ellis "Jeb" Bush was 17 when they met in the central Mexican town of León. Jeb was teaching English and helping to build a school as an exchange student from Phillips Academy, a prestigious prep school in Andover, Mass.
  9. ^ "Hispanic consciousness lends weight to Jeb Bush as GOP eyes 2016 presidential race". The Washington Post. April 24, 2013. from the original on January 26, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  10. ^ . Selective Service System. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  11. ^ Janowitz, Morris and Charles C. Moskos, Jr. "Five Years of the All-Volunteer Force: 1973–1978. Armed Forces & Society, Jan 1979; vol. 5: pp. 171–218 . Archived from the original on March 12, 2010. Retrieved July 21, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  12. ^ "Jeb Bush Gives Party Something to Think About". The New York Times. May 25, 2014. from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
  13. ^ Kelley, Kitty. The Family: The Real Story of the Bush Dynasty, p. 404 (Doubleday, 2004).
  14. ^ "Jeb Bush followed the family game plan: Earn your fortune, then run for public office. A vast network of deals made it possible". St. Petersburg Times. from the original on July 25, 2014. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
  15. ^ Manuel-Roig Franzia (April 24, 2013). "Hispanic consciousness lends weight to Jeb Bush". The Washington Post. from the original on September 1, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  16. ^ Zweigenhaft, Richard and Domhoff, G. William. Diversity in the Power Elite: How it Happened, Why it Matters November 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, p. 149 (Rowman & Littlefield 2006).
  17. ^ a b c MacGillis, Alec (January 26, 2015). "Testing Time: Jeb Bush's Educational Experiment". New Yorker. from the original on January 31, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
  18. ^ Swasy, Alecia and Trigaux, Robert. "Make the Money and Run" July 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, St. Petersburg Times (September 20, 1998).
  19. ^ Morley, Jefferson. "Dirty Money" April 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Miami New Times (February 27, 1991).
  20. ^ a b c Campbell, Duncan "The Bush dynasty and the Cuban criminals." August 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine The Guardian (December 2, 2002). Retrieved September 9, 2010.
  21. ^ a b Washington Post (March 15, 2015). "Jeb Bush's tie to fugitive Miguel Recarey goes against business-savvy image he promotes". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
  22. ^ "Alleged misconduct by international medical centers: statement of David C Williams, Director Office of Special Investigations" (PDF). GAO. December 15, 1987.
  23. ^ Ryan Grim (February 20, 2015). "When Dad Was VP, Jeb Bush Lobbied The Administration For A Medicare Fraudster". Huffington Post. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
  24. ^ a b Kyle Pendergast (November 19, 2008). "Where are they now? Jeb Bush". Houston Chronicle. from the original on July 22, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  25. ^ a b Date, S.V. Jeb February 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, p. 223 (Penguin, 2007).
  26. ^ a b c Eder, Steve; Barbaro, Michael (February 14, 2015). "As Dynasty's Son, Jeb Bush Used His Connections Freely". New York Times. from the original on February 15, 2015. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
  27. ^ a b Adams, David and Simon, Stephanie. "Jeb Bush: Party elder statesman or 2016 candidate?" September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Reuters (June 25, 2012).
  28. ^ Aberbach, Joel and Peele, Gillian. Crisis of Conservatism?: The Republican Party, the Conservative Movement, and American Politics After Bush May 12, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, p. 189 (Oxford University Press, 2011).
  29. ^ a b "Listening Jeb Bush". The Economist. October 15, 1998. from the original on January 5, 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
  30. ^ [1][dead link]
  31. ^ "How Jeb Bush Proved His Own Willie Horton-Style Ad Was a Lie". The Daily Banter. from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  32. ^ "Jeb Bush's worst day". from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  33. ^ [2][dead link]
  34. ^ "Larry Mann executed for Palm Harbor girl's 1980 killing". from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  35. ^ a b "Jeb Bush Makes History In Florida". CBS News. November 5, 2002. from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  36. ^ Michael Grunwald, Jeb in the Wilderness: The time Florida's Republican governor took on the biggest environmental restoration project in American history May 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Politico Magazine (March/April 2015).
  37. ^ Associated, The (December 14, 2006). "Gov. Jeb Bush's environmental legacy during eight years in office". Jacksonville.com. from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
  38. ^ "Jeb Bush | StateImpact Florida". Stateimpact.npr.org. from the original on June 23, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
  39. ^ Getter, Lisa. "Jeb Bush's Recount Role Examined November 17, 2018, at the Wayback Machine." Los Angeles Times. July 14, 2001. Retrieved 2014-12-06.
  40. ^ Richard L. Berke (November 19, 1998). "Bush Brothers Provide Light to Republicans After a Dreary Election". The New York Times. from the original on December 17, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  41. ^ Nia-Malika Henderson (December 15, 2014). "Jeb Bush did really well with Latinos in Florida". The Washington Post. from the original on June 30, 2015. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  42. ^ "Bush, McBride debate tonight". St. Petersburg Times. September 27, 2002. from the original on May 23, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
  43. ^ "Bush, McBride Face Off In Final Debate". Associated Press. October 22, 2002. from the original on October 25, 2002. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
  44. ^ "Bush Bets His Popularity And Scores a Big Victory". The Washington Post. November 6, 2002. Retrieved May 25, 2008.[permanent dead link]
  45. ^ Canedy, Dana (November 6, 2002). "THE 2002 ELECTIONS: THE FLORIDA VOTE; Bush Wins 2nd Term With Surge". The New York Times. from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2008.
  46. ^ Stewart, Russ. Will Iraqi Victory convert Jews to GOP? November 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Russ Stewart, April 16, 2003. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
  47. ^ "The (Finally) Emerging Republican Majority". Weeklystandard.com. from the original on May 10, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
  48. ^ a b c d e f g Reinhard, Beth (February 18, 2015). "Jeb Bush's Record Offers Cover From the Right". Wall Street Journal. from the original on October 1, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
  49. ^ a b Gillin, Joshua (June 11, 2015). "Jeb Bush says he cut Florida taxes by US$19 billion, but did he really?". PolitiFact. from the original on August 21, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  50. ^ a b Feldmann, Linda (June 15, 2015). "Is Jeb Bush a real conservative? Six things to know about his record". The Christian Science Monitor. from the original on June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  51. ^ "The Other Bush on Taxes". CNN Money. December 17, 2014. from the original on December 29, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
  52. ^ "Jeb Bush says he cut 13,000 state workforce jobs as governor". PolitiFact. from the original on August 4, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
  53. ^ Kleindienst, Linda. "The Jeb Bush Era Ends in Florida". Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 25, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
  54. ^ . ALA. May 26, 2006. Archived from the original on June 4, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
  55. ^ Moore, Stephen; Slivinski, Stephen (February 12, 2001). "Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors: 2000" (PDF). Policy Analysis No. 391. Cato Institute. (PDF) from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  56. ^ Moore, Stephen; Slivinski, Stephen (February 12, 2001). "Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors: 2000". Cato Institute. from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  57. ^ Moore, Stephen; Slivinski, Stephen (September 20, 2002). "Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors: 2002" (PDF). Policy Analysis No. 454. Cato Institute. (PDF) from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  58. ^ Moore, Stephen; Slivinski, Stephen (September 20, 2002). . Cato Institute. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  59. ^ Moore, Stephen; Slivinski, Stephen (March 1, 2005). "Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors: 2004" (PDF). Policy Analysis No. 537. Cato Institute. (PDF) from the original on February 4, 2016. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  60. ^ Moore, Stephen; Slivinski, Stephen (March 1, 2005). "Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors: 2004". Cato Institute. from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  61. ^ Slivinski, Stephen (October 24, 2006). "Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors: 2006" (PDF). Policy Analysis No. 581. Cato Institute. (PDF) from the original on May 21, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  62. ^ Slivinski, Stephen (October 24, 2006). "Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors: 2006". Cato Institute. from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  63. ^ a b "Governor Jeb Bush: A Record of Leadership and Policy Accomplishment" (PDF). Washington Policy Center. (PDF) from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
  64. ^ Thomas, Robert. God in the Classroom: Religion and America's Public Schools February 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, p. 167 (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007).
  65. ^ . Archived from the original on October 8, 2002. Retrieved 2005-07-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  66. ^ . Archived from the original on October 8, 2002. Retrieved 2005-07-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  67. ^ . Leg.state.fl.us. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
  68. ^ James, Joni. Jeb Bush on One Florida March 20, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, St. Petersburg Times, March 18, 2007. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
  69. ^ "Jeb Bush denied one honor, wins another – Politics – NBC News". NBC News. March 24, 2007. from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
  70. ^ Mary Ellen Klas, Fla. Supreme Court rejects damage caps on medical malpractice November 1, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Miami Herald (March 13, 2014).
  71. ^ [3] January 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Florida Governor Jeb Bush intervenes in "right-to-die" case: A cruel pandering to the religious right, October 31, 2003, Joseph Kay
  72. ^ [4] January 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine"Eventually, Jeb Bush Will Need to Claim He's the Conservative Candidate" National Review Online Jim Geraghty December 3, 2014
  73. ^ [5] December 24, 2017, at the Wayback Machine "Justices Decline Schiavo Case" March 25, 2005, Washington Post
  74. ^ John, Arit. January 13, 2015. Which Bush is Most Conservative? You Might Be Surprised April 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Bloomberg. Retrieved: April 11, 2015.
  75. ^ Scott Conroy (April 8, 2014). "Could Jeb Bush Win Over the Christian Right in '16?". RealClearPolitics. from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  76. ^ "Florida approves 'Choose Life' license plate" August 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, November 24, 1999
  77. ^ Olszonowicz, Deborah: "Motor Vehicle Registration and License Plates" x, September 1999
  78. ^ Chapin, Timothy et al. Growth Management in Florida: Planning for Paradise February 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, p. 246 (Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2012).
  79. ^ Jeffers, Gromer Jr. (March 24, 2012). "In Arlington, Jeb Bush says 'stand your ground' invalid in Trayvon Martin case". The Dallas Morning News. from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  80. ^ Meckler, Laura (December 16, 2014). "What Kind of Republican is Bush? His Time as Governor Offers Clues". Wall Street Journal. from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  81. ^ "States That Have Stand Your Ground Laws". FindLaw. Thomson Reuters. from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
  82. ^ "Pope Francis takes a dim view of the death penalty, but not all Catholics are convinced". National Catholic Reporter. March 24, 2015. from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  83. ^ "Botched execution likely painful, doctors say". Associated Press. December 16, 2006. from the original on January 8, 2015. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
  84. ^ Gillin, Joshua. "PolitiFact Florida: When Jeb Bush was known as 'Veto Corleone'" June 29, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Miami Herald (May 30, 2015).
  85. ^ Crew, Robert. Jeb Bush: Aggressive Conservatism in Florida February 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, p. 48 (University Press of America, 2009).
  86. ^ "Bush veto dated June 18, 2004" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  87. ^ a b Florida High Speed Rail – Overview Archived April 14, 2013, at archive.today. Florida Bullet Train.org. Retrieved on 2010-11-09.
  88. ^ a b c d e McCommons, James (2009). Waiting on a Train. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing Company. pp. 258–259. ISBN 978-1-60358-064-9. from the original on August 30, 2013. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  89. ^ "Bullet train hits a big obstacle – Jeb Bush". Orlando Sentinel. January 14, 1999. from the original on May 21, 2015. Retrieved May 19, 2015.
  90. ^ Bierman, Noah (May 10, 2015). "Jeb Bush's war against Florida high-speed rail shows his governing style". Los Angeles Times. from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
  91. ^ a b Bush transformed state politics. The Miami Herald. December 17, 2006.
  92. ^ a b James, Joni (October 31, 2006). Bush finishing second term on positive note. The Naples Daily News.
  93. ^ Griffin, Michael (October 15, 1999) Graham, Jeb Bush win popularity poll. The Orlando Sentinel
  94. ^ Hollis, Mark (April 13, 2000) Poll finds Bush's popularity plunged. The Stuart News
  95. ^ Kleindienst, Linda (August 8, 2000) Bush's approval rating climbs. South Florida Sun Sentinel
  96. ^ Galey, Philip (June 21, 2001) Taking on the Bush brothers. St. Lucie News Tribune
  97. ^ Bousquet, Steve (August 16, 2001). Bush revs machine for 2002 fundraising drive. Tampa Bay Times.
  98. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (September 9, 2001) Reno won't cruise to Florida office. Chicago Tribune
  99. ^ March, William (January 31, 2002) Governor, President Score High In Poll. The Tampa Tribune
  100. ^ JOB APPROVAL. April 1, 2002
  101. ^ Gov. Bush campaigning hard despite strong poll numbers. News-Press. June 21, 2002.
  102. ^ Bush still leads in gubernatorial poll, but his job approval ratings decline. Boca Raton News
  103. ^ St. John, Paige (October 17, 2002) Voters cynical about Bush claims. News-Press
  104. ^ Voters and Jeb Bush. South Florida Sun Sentinel. June 23, 2003.
  105. ^ Governor's approval rating stays at 54%. The Orlando Sentinel. April 8, 2004.
  106. ^ a b St. John, Paige (September 22, 2005) Bush's support remains strong despite slight fall among church-goers. Florida Today
  107. ^ O'Brien, Mark (December 14, 2004). There's a limit to the value of term limits on political offices. Pensacola News Journal.
  108. ^ Gov. Jeb Bush enjoying good approval rating. Quinnipiac University. Associated Press. February 20, 2006
  109. ^ JOB PERFORMANCE. The Orlando Sentinel. March 30, 2006
  110. ^ James, Joni (October 29, 2006) Bush's grades stay up. Tampa Bay Times.
  111. ^ "As Ky. governor, Fletcher vows to 'clean up mess'". enquirer.com. from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
  112. ^ Rucker, Philip and Costa, Robert. "Influential Republicans working to draft Jeb Bush into 2016 presidential race" May 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post (March 29, 2014).
  113. ^ Collinson, Stephen and Reston, Maeve (January 28, 2015) – "Jeb Bush's Conservative Evolution" February 1, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. CNN. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  114. ^ Rutenberg, Jim (June 11, 2012). "Jeb Bush Takes Aim at Fellow Republicans". The New York Times. from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
  115. ^ Kopan, Tal (October 17, 2013). "Jeb Bush says GOP needs 'agenda'". Politico. from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  116. ^ "Jeb Bush to decide on Republican presidential run by end of year". Theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media Limited. April 6, 2014. from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
  117. ^ "Who We Are – Board Members". National Assessment Governing Board. from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
  118. ^ Caputo, Marc A. (September 23, 2013). "Read Rick Scott's Common Core letters, order. A Jeb Bush dis? Not quite. Will Legislature abide? Yes". The Miami Herald. from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  119. ^ Leary, Alex (October 17, 2013). . Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  120. ^ . Fox News. Archived from the original on June 2, 2006. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  121. ^ "Jeb Bush quashes NFL speculation". Usatoday.Com. May 25, 2006. from the original on May 8, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
  122. ^ Gasparino, Charlie. . Fox Business. Archived from the original on September 8, 2015. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
  123. ^ Koenig, David. Jeb Bush joins Tenet Healthcare's board October 18, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, May 10, 2007. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
  124. ^ Wilchins, Dan (August 30, 2007). "Lehman hires Jeb Bush as private equity advisor". Reuters. from the original on May 16, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
  125. ^ a b c Barbaro, Michael (April 21, 2014). "Jeb Bush's Rush to Make Money May Be Hurdle". The New York Times. pp. A1. from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
  126. ^ Gold, Matea (January 19, 2015). "Timeline: Jeb Bush and InnoVida". The Washington Post. from the original on April 6, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  127. ^ Renzulli, Kerri. "Jeb Bush's Personal Investments Are as Messy as His Suspended Campaign". Money. from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  128. ^ Rutenberg, Jim; Jeff Zeleny (November 22, 2012). "Jeb Bush in 2016? Not Too Early for Chatter". The New York Times. from the original on November 30, 2012. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  129. ^ Kendall Breitman, George W. Bush: I think Jeb wants it October 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. Politico, 10/2/14.
  130. ^ "A Note from Jeb Bush". facebook.com. from the original on December 16, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  131. ^ Roberts, Dan (January 1, 2015). "Jeb Bush sheds corporate commitments to help 2016 presidential run". Theguardian.com. Guardian News & Media Limited. from the original on January 1, 2015. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
  132. ^ Mendoza, Jessica (February 10, 2015). "Jeb Bush releases eight years' worth of emails: Is that legal?". Christian Science Monitor. from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
  133. ^ Jeb Bush camp blames Florida for unredacted emails February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Kendall Breitman, Politico, February 10, 2015
  134. ^ "Jeb Bush redacts correspondents' leaked information". BBC. February 11, 2015. from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
  135. ^ Frumin, Aliyah. "Jeb Bush exploits major loophole in campaign finance rule" January 7, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, MSNBC (May 2, 2015).
  136. ^ Frumin, Aliyah. May 2, 2015. Jeb Bush exploits major loophole in campaign finance rule January 7, 2020, at the Wayback Machine. MSNBC. Retrieved: May 3, 2015.
  137. ^ Diamond, Jeremy (June 4, 2015). "Jeb Bush to announce candidacy June 15". CNN. from the original on June 7, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  138. ^ Tau, Byron (June 15, 2015). "Jeb Bush Files Paperwork to Run for President". The Wall Street Journal. from the original on June 15, 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  139. ^ Holland, Steve (June 15, 2015). "Jeb Bush vows to fix Washington as he starts White House run". Reuters. from the original on June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  140. ^ a b Holland, Steve. "Jeb Bush strikes softer tone at start of White House run" September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Reuters (June 15, 2015).
  141. ^ . KTAR.com. Archived from the original on February 21, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  142. ^ Lee, M. J. "Donald Trump and Jeb Bush aren't on the same planet" October 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine CNN (October 9, 2015).
  143. ^ Mark Preston; Theodore Schleifer (March 23, 2016). "Jeb Bush backs Ted Cruz for president". CNN. from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
  144. ^ "Jeb Bush Drops Out of Presidential Race". TIME.com. from the original on February 21, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  145. ^ Eli Stokols, "Inside Jeb Bush's $150 Million Failure His closest aides failed to predict Trump and never changed course, guiding a flawed candidate into a corner he couldn't escape." February 21, 2016, at the Wayback Machine February 20, 2016.
  146. ^ Dann, Carrie (May 6, 2016). "Jeb Bush: 'I Will Not Vote for Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton'". NBC News. from the original on October 4, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  147. ^ "Jeb Bush's Issue Positions". VoteSmart. from the original on April 19, 2015. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  148. ^ a b Waldman, Paul (May 12, 2014). "Where the 2016 GOP contenders stand on climate change". The Washington Post. from the original on April 14, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  149. ^ Clare Foran, Jeb Bush is All Over the Place on Climate Change: The 2016 hopeful is "concerned" about global warming. Will he do anything to fight it? June 28, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, National Journal (May 22, 2015).
  150. ^ a b c d e f g Rachel Wellford, What does Jeb Bush believe? Where the candidate stands on 11 issues September 6, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, PBS (June 15, 2015).
  151. ^ a b c Igor Bobic, Jeb Bush: Replace 'Monstrosity' of Obamacare November 8, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Huffington Post (March 8, 2015).
  152. ^ Bill Glauber, Obamacare is flawed, Jeb Bush says at Milwaukee event September 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Journal Sentinel (November 4, 2015).
  153. ^ Jeb: Ruling is 'not the end of the fight' against ObamaCare July 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Hill (June 29, 2015).
  154. ^ a b c d Mullany, Gerry. Jeb Bush on the Issues July 9, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, New York Times (June 5, 2015).
  155. ^ McLaughlin, Seth (June 26, 2015). Jeb Bush: Same-sex marriage should have been decided by states. September 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine The Washington Times. Retrieved: 17 September 2015: "Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush restated his support of traditional marriage in response to the Supreme Court opening the door to same-sex marriage across the country."
  156. ^ Patrick Healy, Jeb Bush Takes Tougher Stance Against Same-Sex Marriage July 9, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, New York Times (May 17, 2015).
  157. ^ Alexandra Jaffe, Jeb Bush stands by opposition to same-sex marriage June 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, CNN (May 18, 2015).
  158. ^ a b Gambino, Lauren (May 18, 2015). "Jeb Bush says same-sex marriage should not be a constitutional right". The Guardian. from the original on June 17, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  159. ^ Jon Ward, Jeb Bush supports Pentagon move to allow transgender military service September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Yahoo Politics (July 16, 2016).
  160. ^ a b "Jeb Bush 'conflicted' about the death penalty". The Washington Post. 2015. from the original on July 26, 2019.
  161. ^ a b Schoenfeld, Heather (2018). Building the Prison State. Chicago Series in Law and Society. Chicago University Press. p. 173. from the original on July 26, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
  162. ^ a b c Andrew Prokop, The Jeb Bush formula: How the staunch conservative learned to talk moderate — and win July 26, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Vox (June 15, 2015)
  163. ^ Christina Wilkie, If You Think Jeb Bush Is A Moderate, Then You Missed His 1994 Campaign May 16, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Huffington Post (January 8, 2015).
  164. ^ "Pope Francis takes a dim view of the death penalty, but not all Catholics are convinced". National Catholic Reporter. March 24, 2015. from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  165. ^ a b Julie Hauserman, Bush opposes ballot measure in drug fight March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, St. Petersburg Times April 11, 2002).
  166. ^ Nick Wing, Jeb Bush Sheepishly Talks About Smoking Weed 40 Years Ago October 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, HuffingtonPost (September 16, 2015).
  167. ^ Michael Kranish, Jeb Bush shaped by troubled Phillips Academy years April 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Boston Globe (February 01, 2015).
  168. ^ Mark Ram, Jeb Bush on marijuana legalization May 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Marijuana Reform (February 23, 2016).
  169. ^ Zeke J. Miller. (March 7, 2015). . March 8, 2015. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) "Jeb Bush: Net Neutrality Decision Is 'Crazy'"]. Time.
  170. ^ "If Jeb Were President: Racial Reconciliation + UBI? - YouTube". YouTube. from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  171. ^ "Jeb Bush's Issue Positions (Political Courage Test) – The Voter's Self Defense System – Vote Smart". Project Vote Smart. from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
  172. ^ Max Ehrenfreund, "This presidential election could totally change when you can retire" July 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. The Washington Post. (June 4, 2015).
  173. ^ Alejandro Lazo, Jeb Bush Attacks Obama Policies, Says GOP Needs 'Hopeful' Message in 2016 July 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Wall Street Journal (January 23, 2015).
  174. ^ Jeb Bush says U.S. bank rules may have contributed to systemic risks October 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Reuters (June 9, 2015).
  175. ^ Tumulty, Karen (May 10, 2015). "Jeb Bush says he would have invaded Iraq". The Washington Post. from the original on May 13, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  176. ^ Sara Murray and Maeve Reston, CNN (May 13, 2015). "Jeb Bush: 'I would not have gone into Iraq' – CNNPolitics.com". CNN. from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  177. ^ a b c David Welna, Jeb Bush Offers His Prescription For Iraq September 28, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, NPR Weekend Edition Saturday (August 15, 2015).
  178. ^ Costa, Robert; Gold, Matea (May 7, 2015). "One of Jeb Bush's top advisers on Israel: George W. Bush". The Washington Post. from the original on May 8, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
  179. ^ Murray, Sara (May 7, 2015). "Jeb: George W. Bush is a top foreign policy adviser". CNN. from the original on May 10, 2015. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  180. ^ O'Keefe, Ed (April 21, 2015). "Bush credits Obama for continuing NSA's metadata program". The Washington Post. from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  181. ^ Erik Schelzig, Jeb Bush says Rand Paul 'wrong' on ending surveillance laws April 1, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press (May 31, 2015).
  182. ^ Doug Bandow, Jeb Bush Abandons Mainstream, Finds Inner Neocon September 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Cato Institute (August 18, 2015).
  183. ^ James Bowen, Jeb Bush his 'own man', but with some familiar foreign policy ideas September 14, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Interpreter (Lowy Institute for International Policy) (February 19, 2015).
  184. ^ Ben Jacobs, Jeb Bush denounces Iran nuclear deal as appeasement January 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Guardian (July 14, 2015).
  185. ^ Eli Stokols, Jeb Bush: I wouldn't roll back Obama's Iran deal on Day One August 21, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Politico (July 17, 2015).
  186. ^ "Florida reaction to Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel". Tampa Bay Times. December 6, 2017. from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
  187. ^ . Archived from the original on September 1, 2013.
  188. ^ Bello, Marisol (March 5, 2014). "Bush foundation celebrates 25 years of family literacy". USA Today. from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
  189. ^ Larson, Leslie (January 1, 2015). "Jeb Bush resigns from corporate, nonprofit boards to start 2015 afresh". New York Daily News. from the original on March 13, 2015. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
  190. ^ . Foundation for Excellence in Education. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
  191. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original on August 24, 2000. Retrieved 2005-04-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  192. ^ . Archived from the original on April 4, 2006. Retrieved 2005-04-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  193. ^ . Aaregistry.com. Archived from the original on June 11, 2008. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
  194. ^ McGrory, Kathleen; Hiaasen, Scott (December 16, 2011). "Charter schools enrolling low number of poor students". The Miami Herald. from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
  195. ^ Berrios, Jerry (August 20, 2003). "Hero in the Spotlight". The Miami Herald. p. 1B.
  196. ^ "Golf Tournament – 19th Annual AT&T Jeb Bush Florida Classic Sponsored By The Wasie Foundation Event Time & Tickets." Eventful. Eventful, Inc November 14, 2014 19th annual Jeb Bush Florida Classic April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  197. ^ a b Jeb Bush Florida Classic History October 28, 2021, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  198. ^ Abraham, Randy. Fundraiser help fight cystic fibrosis January 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine Sun Sentinel, December 17, 2014. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  199. ^ Gedda, George (February 14, 2001). (PDF). Laredo Morning Times. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 7, 2007. Retrieved October 21, 2006.
  200. ^ "Jeb Bush's Latin 'Lover:' R-Rated – Bloomberg". Bloomberg.com. June 13, 2013. from the original on September 22, 2015. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
  201. ^ Bush, Jeb (August 2014). . Gulfshore Life. Archived from the original on April 18, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  202. ^ Giroux, Greg (October 6, 2014). "Jeb Bush Speaks Fluent GOP in Spanish-Language Ads". from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  203. ^ a b "George P. Bush starts small, shuns idea his name, Hispanic heritage can save GOP in Texas". Washington Post. Associated Press. July 20, 2013. from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
  204. ^ "Texas Births, 1926–1995". Familytreelegends.com. from the original on March 5, 2014. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
  205. ^ Cassie Spodak, Ashley Killough and Heather Goldin (November 5, 2015). "Jeb Bush opens up about daughter's drug addiction - CNNPolitics". CNN. from the original on September 16, 2020. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  206. ^ Parker, Ashley (January 5, 2016). "Jeb Bush Drops Guard to Share Family Account of Addiction". New York Times. from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
  207. ^ "Jeb Bush Welcomes Birth Of New Granddaughter, Vivian Alexandra Columba". The Huffington Post. January 2, 2014. from the original on May 29, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  208. ^ . Catholic.org. September 2, 2009. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
  209. ^ "President Discusses Compassionate Conservative Agenda in Dallas". Retrieved August 8, 2012.[dead link]
  210. ^ . Knights of Columbus. Archived from the original on January 8, 2015.
  211. ^ Shaban, Hamza (April 21, 2018). "'The first lady of the greatest generation': Barbara Bush honored by friends and family at private funeral in Houston". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  212. ^ . Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
  213. ^ . Archived from the original on May 22, 2012.
  214. ^ "2002 Gubernatorial General Election Results - Florida". Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. from the original on September 4, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2008.

Further reading

  • Barnes, Fred. "Governor in Chief: Jeb Bush's remarkable eight years of achievement in Florida." August 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine The Weekly Standard, June 12, 2006.
  • Freedberg, Sydney P. "Jeb Bush: The Son Rises Away from Dad's Shadow." The Miami Herald, August 15, 1994.
  • Huffington, Arianna. "The latest Bush hypocrisy" February 22, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. Salon.com, September 16, 2002.
  • Viglucci, Andres and Alfonso Chardy. . The Miami Herald, October 5, 2002.
  • Yardley, William. The Miami Herald, September 22, 2002.

External links

Party political offices
Preceded by Republican nominee for Governor of Florida
1994, 1998, 2002 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Governor of Florida
1999–2007 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas Former Governor Order of precedence of the United States Succeeded byas Former Governor

February 16, 2024
bush, john, ellis, bush, born, february, 1953, american, politician, businessman, served, 43rd, governor, florida, from, 1999, 2007, member, bush, political, family, unsuccessful, candidate, president, united, states, 2016, republican, primaries, bush, 201543r. John Ellis Jeb Bush born February 11 1953 is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007 A member of the Bush political family he was an unsuccessful candidate for president of the United States in the 2016 Republican primaries Jeb BushBush in 201543rd Governor of FloridaIn office January 5 1999 January 2 2007LieutenantFrank BroganToni JenningsPreceded byBuddy MacKaySucceeded byCharlie CristSecretary of Commerce of FloridaIn office January 6 1987 September 9 1988GovernorBob MartinezPreceded byWayne MixsonSucceeded byBill SuttonPersonal detailsBornJohn Ellis Bush 1953 02 11 February 11 1953 age 71 Midland Texas U S Political partyRepublicanSpouseColumba Garnica Gallo m 1974 wbr Children3 including GeorgeParentsGeorge H W Bush Barbara BushRelativesBush familyAlma materUniversity of Texas Austin BA OccupationPoliticianauthorphilanthropistreal estate developerbusinessmanSignatureBush who grew up in Houston was the second son of former President George H W Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush and a younger brother of former President George W Bush He graduated from Phillips Academy in Andover Massachusetts and attended the University of Texas at Austin where he earned a degree in Latin American affairs In 1980 he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development In 1986 Bush became Florida s Secretary of Commerce He served until 1988 At that time he joined his father s successful campaign for the Presidency In 1994 Bush made his first run for office losing the election for governor by less than two percentage points to the incumbent Lawton Chiles Bush ran again in 1998 and defeated lieutenant governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote He ended up succeeding MacKay after Chiles died in office 23 days shy of his retirement He ran for reelection in 2002 defeating Bill McBride and winning with 56 percent to become Florida s first two term Republican governor During his eight years as governor Bush pushed an ambitious Everglades conservation plan supported caps for medical malpractice litigation launched a Medicaid privatization pilot program and instituted reforms to the state education system including the issuance of vouchers and promoting school choice Bush announced his presidential candidacy on June 15 2015 He suspended his campaign on February 20 2016 shortly after the South Carolina primary and endorsed Senator Ted Cruz on March 23 2016 Contents 1 Early life 2 Early career 3 Early political career 4 Governor of Florida 4 1 1998 election bid 4 2 2002 re election bid 4 3 Tenure 4 3 1 Economic policy 4 3 2 Education policy 4 3 3 Health policy 4 3 4 Other policies 4 3 5 Veto of high speed rail and other vetoes 4 3 6 Public opinion polling 5 Post governorship 5 1 Impact on political party 5 2 Political interests 5 3 Business activities 6 2016 presidential campaign 7 Political positions 7 1 Domestic issues 7 2 Economic issues 7 3 International relations and security 8 Civic and charitable activities 9 Personal life 10 Electoral history 11 Bibliography 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External linksEarly life nbsp Bush front right with family early 1960sJeb Bush was born on February 11 1953 in Midland Texas When he was six years old the family relocated to the Tanglewood neighborhood 1 of Houston Texas 2 The nickname Jeb is composed of his initials J E B John Ellis Bush 3 He grew up with two younger brothers Neil and Marvin one younger sister Dorothy one older brother George who is seven years older and for the first eight months of his life an older sister Robin Jeb Bush initially attended Grady Elementary School in Houston 4 Following in the footsteps of his father and older brother George at the age of 14 years in late 1967 1 Bush began attending high school at the Andover Massachusetts boarding school Phillips Academy Andover 5 Bush completed ninth grade in Houston but was advised to repeat it at Andover and was nearly expelled due to poor grades 6 Bush recreationally used marijuana hashish and cigarettes during his high school years although he made the honor roll by the end of his senior year and served as captain of the tennis team 6 At the age of 17 Bush taught English as a second language and assisted in the building of a school in Ibarrilla a small village outside of Leon Guanajuato Mexico 7 as part of Andover s student exchange summer program 8 While in Mexico he met his future wife Columba Garnica Gallo 8 9 Bush who had largely avoided criticizing or supporting the Vietnam War registered for the draft after his graduation from high school in 1971 6 In the fourth and final draft lottery drawing on February 2 1972 for men born in 1953 and to be inducted during 1973 Bush received a draft number of 26 on a calendar based scale that went to 365 But no new draft orders were issued after 1972 10 because the U S changed to an all volunteer military beginning in 1973 11 Though many in his family had attended Yale University Bush chose to attend the University of Texas at Austin beginning in September 1971 1 He played on the Texas Longhorns varsity tennis team in 1973 1 Bush graduated Phi Beta Kappa and magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Latin American studies 1 12 He completed his coursework in two and a half years 13 Early careerIn 1974 Bush went to work in an entry level position in the international division of Texas Commerce Bank which was founded by the family of James Baker 14 In November 1977 he was sent to Caracas the capital of Venezuela to open a new operation for the bank where he served as branch manager and vice president 15 Following the 1980 presidential election Bush and his family moved to Miami Dade County Florida He took a job in real estate with Armando Codina a 32 year old Cuban immigrant and self made millionaire Codina had made a fortune in a computer business and then formed a new company The Codina Group to pursue opportunities in real estate 16 During his time with the company Bush focused on finding tenants for commercial developments 17 Codina eventually made Bush his partner in a new development business which quickly became one of South Florida s leading real estate development firms As a partner Bush received 40 of the firm s profits 18 In 1983 Bush said of his move from Houston to Miami On the personal side my mother in law and sister in law were already living here On the professional side I want to be very wealthy and I ll be glad to tell you when I ve accomplished that goal 19 During Bush s years in Miami he was involved in many different entrepreneurial pursuits including working for a mobile phone company serving on the board of a Norwegian owned company that sold fire equipment to the Trans Alaska Pipeline System becoming a minority owner of the Jacksonville Jaguars buying a shoe company that sold footwear in Panama and getting involved in a project selling water pumps in Nigeria 20 Bush was a lobbyist for Miguel Recarey who ran International Medical Centres IMC a Florida based health maintenance organization HMO Recarey employed Bush as a real estate consultant and paid him a US 75 000 fee for finding the company a new location although the move never took place Bush did however lobby the Reagan administration vigorously and successfully on behalf of Recarey and IMC to waive a rule of Medicare enrollee proportion 20 21 Recarey received US 781 million in Medicare payments for 197 000 enrollees but did not pay doctors and hospitals for their care 22 As of 2015 Recarey was a fugitive living in Spain 21 The IMC fraud was one of the largest in Medicare history 23 Early political career nbsp Bush greeting President Ronald Reagan in 1986 nbsp Bush as Florida Secretary of CommerceBush volunteered for his father s campaigns in 1980 and 1988 During the 1980 campaign Bush worked as an unpaid volunteer and expressed great admiration for his father 24 In the mid 1980s Bush got his start in Florida politics as the Chairman of the Dade County Republican Party 1 24 25 Dade County played an important role in the 1986 election of Bob Martinez to the Governor s office In return Martinez appointed Bush as Florida s Secretary of Commerce 25 He served in that role from 1987 to 1988 before resigning to work on his father s presidential campaign Bush frequently communicated with his father s staff from 1981 through 1992 26 The younger Bush recommended Dexter Lehtinen for the post of U S Attorney for the Southern District of Florida and set up a meeting between the Bush Administration and Motorola 26 He also advocated for Cuban exiles living in South Florida and supported the Cuban embargo 26 In 1990 Bush urged his father to pardon Orlando Bosch a Cuban exile who had been convicted of firing a rocket into a Polish ship which was on passage to Cuba Bosch was released from prison and granted residency in the U S 20 In 1989 Bush was the campaign manager of Ileana Ros Lehtinen the first Cuban American to serve in Congress in her special election 27 In 1994 Bush launched an unsuccessful bid for the Governor s office against incumbent Democratic Governor Lawton Chiles 27 Bush ran that year as a conservative At one point he was asked what he would do for African Americans and Bush responded It s time to strive for a society where there s equality of opportunity not equality of results So I m going to answer your question by saying probably nothing 28 29 Bush led through much of the campaign Then with just a few weeks before election day Bush ran a campaign ad featuring the mother of a 10 year old girl who had been abducted and murdered many years before The ad opened with pictures of the girl and then shifted to her mother who gave a description of her daughter s case and then said Her killer is still on death row and we re still waiting for justice We won t get it from Lawton Chiles because he s too liberal on crime Lawton Chiles has let us down I know Jeb Bush He ll make criminals serve their sentences and enforce the death penalty Lawton Chiles won t 30 31 The ad caused a storm of controversy Florida prosecutors and former Supreme Court justices toured the state with Chiles saying that Bush didn t know what he was talking about It was compared including by a rankled Chiles to the Willie Horton ad run on behalf of Bush s father in 1988 Bush further caused himself problems after being asked by reporters shortly after the ad started airing if signing death warrants immediately would have changed the outcome of the case by saying No With polls showing that voters had doubts about Bush s integrity Chiles began pounding on the theme that Bush could not be trusted In every commercial no matter what the subject Chiles ended with the tagline That s why we can t trust Jeb Bush with our future 32 At the candidates last debate the only one of the campaign held in prime time moderator Tim Russert asked Bush how he could continue to justify running the ad that was by your own admission misleading Bush responded that the ad was no longer being aired because it had completed but that he would have kept it on the air longer He tried to justify running it by saying that Chiles was in his opinion liberal on crime and hadn t yet acted on some other death warrants Chiles said when it was his turn to respond that he had supported the death penalty all his life and that he had executed as many people as governor eight as the previous two administrations that as Governor I hold the phone as they walk into the death chamber I give the last command before they pull the switch And then he said You put on this ad Jeb You knew it was false You even admitted it was false I m ashamed that you would use the agony of a mother and the loss of her daughter in an ad like this It s demagoguery pure and simple Every paper in the state has looked at that ad everyone of them has said it is a new low Your father had the record in the Willie Horton ad but you ve outdone that And Jeb I ll tell you how long you ran that ad you ran that ad til your polls started telling you you were taking a beating on it and you still are taking a beating on it It was a mistake you shouldn t have done it as whoops and applause rang out from Chiles partisans in the audience 33 incidentally the girl in the ad s convicted killer would not be executed until 2013 during the administration of Governor Rick Scott 34 Bush lost the election by only 63 940 votes out of 4 206 076 that were cast for the major party candidates 2 135 008 51 to 2 071 068 49 In the same election year his older brother George was elected Governor of Texas Following his election loss Bush joined the board of The Heritage Foundation and continued to work with Codina Partners 17 Alongside T Willard Fair the president of the Urban League s Miami affiliate Bush helped to establish Florida s first charter school 17 Governor of Florida nbsp nbsp Bush s gubernatorial portraits Bush ran again for governor in 1998 defeating Democrat Buddy MacKay who was lieutenant governor Bush ran for reelection in 2002 to become Florida s first two term Republican governor 35 During his eight years as governor Bush was credited with initiating environmental improvements such as conservation in the Everglades 36 supporting caps for medical malpractice litigation moving medicaid recipients to private systems and instituting reforms to the state education system including the issuance of vouchers and promoting school choice 37 38 Bush was governor when his brother George won an intensely fought election recount in Florida to become president Bush recused himself from any official role in the recount 39 1998 election bid Main article 1998 Florida gubernatorial election In 1998 Bush defeated his Democratic opponent Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay by over 418 000 votes 2 191 105 55 percent to 1 773 054 45 percent to become Governor of Florida He campaigned as a consensus building pragmatist 29 Simultaneously his brother George W Bush won a re election victory for a second term as Governor of Texas and they became the first siblings to govern two states simultaneously since Nelson and Winthrop Rockefeller governed New York and Arkansas from 1967 to 1971 40 In the 1998 election Bush garnered 61 percent of the Hispanic vote and 14 percent of the African American vote 41 2002 re election bid Main article 2002 Florida gubernatorial election Bush was unopposed in the 2002 Republican gubernatorial primary and in the general election he faced Democratic challenger Bill McBride They met for two debates in the most expensive Florida gubernatorial election yet 42 43 44 Voting went smoothly 45 Bush defeated McBride 56 percent to 43 percent a greater margin of victory than in 1998 Bush won 44 percent of the state s Jewish vote in the 2002 race 46 Bush also won the white female vote in the swing voting battleground of Central Florida s I 4 corridor 47 However he was not able to replicate the same success with African American voters like he had earlier in 1998 winning only 8 percent of the African American vote He became the first Republican governor of Florida to win re election 35 Tenure Economic policy While governor Bush presided over a state government that reduced taxes by US 19 billion and he vetoed US 2 billion in new spending according to The Wall Street Journal 48 An analysis conducted by economist Martin Sullivan which eliminated the effects of the federal estate tax repeal which did not require legislative action to go into effect and inflation estimated the cumulative reduction in taxes by the state at closer to US 13 billion during Bush s tenure resulting in tax savings by 2006 of US 140 per person per year 49 A substantial amount of the tax savings in the higher estimate came from the phasing out of the federal estate tax law implemented in 2001 under President George W Bush for a total tax savings of US 848 million per year Jeb Bush did not push for a replacement with a state tax 49 The biggest reduction in taxes was due to the elimination of the state s Intangible Personal Property Tax which applied to holdings of stocks bonds mutual funds and money market funds 50 During Bush s tenure the state also increased its reserves from US 1 3 billion to US 9 8 billion which coincided with Florida receiving the highest possible bond rating for the first time 48 According to Kurt Wenner VP of research at Florida Tax Watch Bush was governor during one of the strongest revenue periods for the state of Florida due in part to the boom in property values so that revenue grew despite the tax cuts he implemented 51 Bush reduced the state s government workforce by 11 percent 52 53 In May 2006 as part of a US 448 7 million line item veto of state funding he cut a total of US 5 8 million in grants to public libraries pilot projects for library homework help and web based high school texts and funding for a joint use library in Tampa 54 As Governor of Florida Bush received grades of B in 2000 55 56 A in 2002 57 58 B in 2004 59 60 and C in 2006 61 62 from the Cato Institute a libertarian think tank in their biennial Fiscal Policy Report Card on America s governors Education policy Bush s administration emphasized public education reform His A Plan established heightened standards required testing of all students and graded all Florida schools From 1998 to 2005 reading scores of 4th grade students in Florida on the National Assessment of Educational Progress increased 11 points compared to 2 5 points nationally according to the Maine Heritage Policy Center a conservative think tank which opposes standardized testing 63 Bush has been a proponent of school vouchers and charter schools especially in areas of the state with failing public schools although to date very few schools have received failing grades from the state He established the McKay Scholarship Program which provides vouchers for students with learning disabilities to attend a school of their choice He also established the A Opportunity Scholarship Program which provided vouchers to students This program was struck down by the Florida Supreme Court in 2006 64 Bush helped create the Corporate Income Tax Credit Scholarship which provides corporations with tax credits for donations to Scholarship Funding Organizations Those organizations must spend 100 of the donations on scholarships for low income students 63 Bush declined to raise taxes for education which led him to oppose a ballot initiative to amend the Florida Constitution to cap growing school class sizes Bush said he had a couple of devious plans if this thing passes 65 66 Despite his opposition the amendment passed 67 In higher education Bush approved three new medical schools during his tenure and also put forth the One Florida proposal an initiative that had the effect of ending affirmative action admissions programs at state universities 68 These moves were among the concerns that led to the faculty of the University of Florida to deny Bush an honorary degree while the University of Florida Alumni Association made him an honorary alumnus 69 Health policy As governor Bush proposed and passed into law major reform to the medical liability system The Florida Senate a majority of which were Republican opposed Bush s proposed caps on non economic damages for injury and wrongful death Bush insisted and called the legislature into five special sessions The contentious debate even included a senior Bush staffer calling for primary opposition to Republicans who disagreed with the Governor on the reforms Eventually the legislature agreed to the caps and Bush s reforms passed In 2014 after Bush left office the Florida Supreme Court ruled the damage cap the centerpiece of the 2003 legislation that Bush had pushed for to be a violation of the state Constitution s equal protection clause discriminating against those who are most grievously injured those who sustain the greatest damage and loss and multiple claimants 70 Bush passed a reform to Florida s Medicaid system that moved recipients into private managed care systems 48 Bush was involved in the Terri Schiavo case involving a woman with massive brain damage who was on a feeding tube for over 15 years and whose husband and legal guardian Michael Schiavo wished to remove the tube This move was opposed by Terri Schiavo s parents in the courts Bush signed Terri s Law legislation passed by the Florida legislature that authorized him as governor to keep Schiavo on life support 71 72 The law was ruled unconstitutional by the Florida Supreme Court on September 23 2004 That decision was appealed to the federal courts On January 24 2005 the U S Supreme Court declined to hear the case thus allowing the Florida court s ruling to stand 73 While Governor of Florida Bush was opposed to abortion 74 He supported a law requiring parental notification for teen abortions and requested that the courts appoint a guardian for the unborn child of a mentally disabled woman who had been raped 75 Choose Life a pro life advocacy group based in Ocala Florida submitted a specialty license plate application previously vetoed by Governor Lawton Chiles which passed both houses and was signed into law by Bush on June 8 1999 76 77 Other policies nbsp Bush at Rookery Bay participating in Earth Day activities in 2004Bush signed legislation to restore the Everglades in 2000 as part of a US 8 billion project in conjunction with the federal government He also set aside over one million acres of land for conservation as part of a land purchase program 78 In 2001 Bush eliminated civil service protection for over 16 000 state jobs which had the effect of making it easier to fire employees in those positions In addition he issued an executive order which removed racial preferences in state contracting 48 In 2004 Bush supported an unsuccessful bill to allow illegal immigrants to be issued drivers licenses by the state 48 Bush supported more than a dozen new protections for gun owners 48 In 2005 he signed into law Florida s stand your ground law 79 80 which was the first such state law in the United States 81 Bush is an advocate of capital punishment and 21 prisoners were executed during his term 82 After the execution of Angel Nieves Diaz was seemingly botched it took 37 minutes to complete and required a second injection of the lethal chemicals he suspended all executions in Florida on December 15 2006 83 During Bush s tenure the racial and gender diversity of the state s judicial bench increased However according to the Wall Street Journal Democrats criticized some of Bush s judicial appointments as being overtly partisan and political 48 Veto of high speed rail and other vetoes Bush often used the line item veto to limit state spending 84 85 He exercised his veto to stop other legislation as well such as a bill about parenting coordinators 86 In 1995 the Florida state legislature created the High Speed Rail Authority HSRA and came up with a public private partnership model Government would build the system leveraging state dollars with federal funds and tax free bonding The private sector was to invest money in the project help design and build the network and be given the franchise to operate the trains known as design build maintain operate or DBOM Trains would be privately owned similar to how the airline industry operates in a publicly financed airport 87 The rail system and its planning was estimated to cost 7 8 billion The Florida HSRA and the Florida Department of Transportation FDOT reached an agreement with a consortium that included the Fluor Corporation and Bombardier Transportation The consortium agreed to invest 300 million and utilize the DBOM functionality The state of Florida would float state bonds and FDOT would commit 70 million annually increasing three percent yearly to account for inflation to service the bonds for the next thirty years Federal monies would pay for the interest on the bonds and the state monies would satisfy the principal When the high speed railroad was running operating surpluses would also be applied to the debt 88 The high speed rail project nearly came to fruition until Bush became governor in 1999 and ended the project his second day in office 88 stating that the venture posed too much risk and cost for Florida taxpayers 89 State legislators reacted by adding the project on the 2000 ballot as a constitutional amendment which was ultimately passed by voters The amendment directed Bush and legislature to start building the railroad system by 2003 Bush vetoed funding for both the project and the board and led a high profile campaign to repeal the constitutional requirement that mandated the construction of the high speed system 87 88 Voters repealed the constitutional amendment Many who voted believed they were supporting the train though in fact a yes vote was to approve the repeal 88 FDOT spokesperson Nazih Haddah commented that the rhetoric was inflammatory and misleading It was really exaggerating tactics that were used to defeat this The financing and the project were sound It really squandered a great opportunity for this state 88 Other public officials stated that Bush s underhanded tactics were emblematic of his willingness to protect moneyed interests including developers energy producers and highway builders who opposed a shift toward mass transit and helped fund the repeal effort It s that arrogance of kind of the 1 said Orlando transportation engineer Ian Lockwood 90 Public opinion polling According to The Miami Herald Bush averaged a 58 percent job approval rating during his eight years in office 91 He left office with a high partisan gap in his ratings 70 percent among Republicans and 32 percent among Democrats 92 He also appealed to a vast majority of independents 66 percent of those voters graded his governorship in the A or B tier 92 In a November 1999 polling survey by the Orlando Sentinel Bush was rated excellent or good by 60 percent of Florida voters rated fair by 26 percent of voters and rated poor by ten percent of voters 93 In another polling survey by The Florida Voter in April 2000 Bush s overall ratings dropped to 54 percent of voters approving and 31 percent disapproving of his governorship 94 A Sun Sentinel survey in August placed Bush s approval rating at 57 percent and disapproval rating at 24 percent 95 In June 2001 the month Bush announced he would run for a second term his approval rating remained steady in the mid 50s 96 In August a Mason Dixon Polling amp Strategy survey saw Bush s approval rating fall to 49 percent the first time during his tenure that a majority of voters did not approve of his governorship 97 98 According to a polling survey conducted by The Tampa Tribune in January 2002 Bush was rated excellent or good by 58 percent of voters rated fair by 27 percent of voters and rated poor by 14 percent of voters 99 In a March 2002 Tampa Tribune polling survey when voters were asked do you approve or disapprove the job Jeb Bush is doing as governor 56 percent of voters said they approved of Bush s governorship while 35 percent said they disapproved 100 A Mason Dixon Polling amp Strategy survey in June 2002 found Bush with a 62 percent approval rating 101 In a July poll by The Florida Voter 52 percent of voters said they approved of Bush a heavy decline from the previous month 102 In an October survey by The Tarrance Group Bush garnered an approval rating of 57 percent going into his reelection bid 103 The results of the election were almost an exact match to the poll with Bush receiving 56 percent of the vote In a Sun Sentinel survey in June 2003 Bush was rated excellent by 14 percent of voters rated good by 40 percent of voters rated fair by 29 percent of voters and rated poor by 9 percent of voters 104 In an April 2004 survey by the Orlando Sentinel Bush was rated excellent or good by 54 percent of voters rated fair by 23 percent of voters and rated poor by 23 percent of voters 105 In an August polling survey by SurveyUSA Bush garnered a 56 percent approval rating 106 After the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season concluded a Strategic Vision survey saw his approval rating jump to 61 percent 107 In another SurveyUSA survey in September 2005 Bush s approval rating declined to 53 percent 106 A Quinnipiac University polling survey conducted in November 2005 also concluded that Bush s approval rating was at 53 percent 108 In a March 2006 survey by Mason Dixon Polling amp Strategy Bush was rated excellent or good by 63 percent of voters rated fair by 21 percent of voters and rated poor by 16 percent of voters 109 In October 2006 the St Petersburg Times asked voters to grade Governor Bush by letter in the poll 56 percent of voters graded Bush with an A or a B 23 percent graded him with a C 10 percent graded him with a D and 7 percent graded him an F 110 In a November poll by Mason Dixon Polling amp Strategy Bush s approval rating reached its highest ever at 64 percent 91 Post governorshipImpact on political party nbsp Bush in Derry New Hampshire on June 16 2015According to political scientist Susan MacManus from the University of South Florida In Florida Bush is still perceived as conservative especially on fiscal issues and even on social issues 50 Outside of Florida fellow Republican leaders throughout the country have sought Bush s aid both on and off the campaign trail Bush s out of state campaign visits include Kentucky where Republican challenger Ernie Fletcher appeared with Bush and won that state s governorship in 2003 ending a 32 year streak of Democratic governors 111 In the first few months of 2014 Bush campaigned for New Mexico Gov Susana Martinez Nevada Gov Brian Sandoval Sen Lamar Alexander Tenn and David Jolly who won a special congressional election in Florida 112 Bush has been criticized by some in the Tea Party as not being sufficiently conservative as he supports positions on immigration and Common Core that are unpopular with some conservatives 113 Bush publicly criticized the national Republican party for its adherence to an orthodoxy that doesn t allow for disagreement on June 11 2012 In comments shared with Bloomberg View Bush suggested that former Republican Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H W Bush would have had a hard time finding support in the contemporary GOP 114 In October 2013 Bush called for passage of immigration reform 115 In April 2014 Bush said of illegal immigration It s an act of love It s an act of commitment to your family I honestly think that that is a different kind of crime There should be a price paid but it shouldn t rile people up that people are actually coming to this country to provide for their families 116 Political interests From 2004 to 2007 Bush served as a board member for the National Assessment Governing Board NAGB 117 Created by Congress the board s purpose is to establish policy on reports examining K 12 students academic progress in America s public and private schools Since then Bush s education foundation has advocated for the Common Core State Standards Initiative 118 In October 2013 referring to opponents of the standards Bush said that while criticisms and conspiracy theories are easy attention grabbers he instead wanted to hear their solutions to the problems in American education 119 In May 2006 Bush was approached to become the next commissioner of the National Football League 120 The outgoing commissioner Paul Tagliabue was searching for replacements In response Bush said on May 24 2006 that I m Governor of the state of Florida and I intend to be Governor until I leave which is January 2007 121 Roger Goodell eventually became the new NFL commissioner Business activities This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it September 2015 According to Fox Business Bush earned nearly half of the US 29 million he earned between 2007 and when he decided to run for Republican presidential nomination in December 2014 from Wall Street banks and companies 122 In April 2007 Bush joined Tenet Healthcare s board of directors 123 The following August Bush joined investment bank Lehman Brothers as an adviser in its private equity group 124 Bush has also served on the board of InnoVida Swisher Hygiene and Rayonier and has served as an adviser to Barclays 125 Bush would later return US 270 000 in consultancy fees he had been paid by InnoVida after they declared bankruptcy 126 As of 2014 Bush had received more than US 2 million from his work for Tenet a company that expected to receive US 100 million in new earnings in 2014 because of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ACA and that aggressively encouraged Americans to sign up for insurance under the program 125 Bush has reportedly objected to the ACA at company meetings but has kept his personal views separate from what is best for Tenet 125 Bush owns several international stocks 127 2016 presidential campaignMain article Jeb Bush presidential campaign 2016 nbsp Bush speaking at CPAC in Washington D C 2015Bush had been considered a potential candidate in the 2016 presidential election since the end of the 2012 election 128 On October 2 2014 George W Bush said that his brother wants to be President 129 On December 16 2014 Bush announced via Facebook that he would be actively exploring a 2016 run to become President of the United States and at the end of the year resigned several corporate boards 130 131 In February 2015 Bush released several thousand emails from his time as governor online Most of the emails are in the public record under Florida s Sunshine Laws However Bush created controversy by releasing some emails that included some personal details such as social security numbers names and addresses as well as the contents of the messages 132 133 Bush s campaign team subsequently redacted the personal information 134 nbsp Bush speaking in Iowa 2016By extending the exploration mode of his potential candidacy to a six month period his scheduled announcement came one day short of six months into his exploratory phase Bush used his time to get acquainted with the press court donors and prepare a strategy In doing this he navigated several campaign finance laws which limit donations and prohibit coordination with Super PACs This included delaying his official announcement to run in order to circumvent the cap on primary donations of 2 700 per individual 135 In May 2015 it was reported that Bush had been raising money since January 2015 estimated to be close to US 100 million for his super PAC Right to Rise 136 nbsp Bush s campaign logoBush announced his candidacy on June 15 2015 at a multicultural campus of Miami Dade College 137 138 139 According to Reuters Bush characterized himself as a moderate Republican who still has conservative principles he promised immigration reform spoke fluent Spanish mentioned his wife s Mexican origins and criticized Hillary Clinton 140 David Yepsen director of the Paul Simon Public Policy Institute said It s pretty hard for Republicans to win the White House if current Hispanic voting trends continue Bush has some unique abilities to appeal to those voters and he s going to maximize them 140 After a series of poor results in Iowa and New Hampshire Bush spent his remaining money and campaign effort on the South Carolina primary He placed fourth with under 8 of the vote That night Bush suspended his campaign ending his presidential bid and subsequently endorsed Texas Senator Ted Cruz 141 142 143 144 In an analysis of what went wrong POLITICO argues that His slow awkward stumble from August through October encapsulates everything that caused the operation viewed as Jeb Inc to fail Bush was on the wrong side of the most galvanizing issues for Republican primary voters he himself was a rusty and maladroit campaigner and his campaign was riven by internal disagreements and a crippling fear that left them paralyzed and unable to react to Trump 145 In May 2016 Bush announced he would vote neither for Trump nor Clinton 146 Political positionsMain article Political positions of Jeb Bush Bush has addressed myriad political issues over the course of his career many of them during his governorship as already described In conjunction with his 2015 bid for the presidency he has revisited many issues that he addressed before as well as discussing many new ones Domestic issues Bush believes abortions should only be legal in the case of rape or incest or if the life of the mother is in danger He does not support public funding for abortion clinics 147 Bush generally rejects the scientific consensus on climate change 148 which is that climate change is real progressing dangerous and primarily caused by human activity While he has stated that I think global warming may be real he has incorrectly claimed that it is not unanimous among scientists that it is disproportionately manmade and that What I get a little tired of on the left is this idea that somehow science has decided all this so you can t have a view 148 National Journal wrote that Bush does not acknowledge the scientific consensus that human activity drives climate change 149 Bush favors repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ACA or Obamacare and replacing it with a market oriented alternative 150 151 Bush has called the current law a monstrosity 151 that is flawed to its core 152 Bush has proposed some sort of state or local government funded catastrophic coverage system in which if you have a hardship that goes way beyond your means of paying for it the government is there or an entity is there to help you deal with that 151 After the U S Supreme Court upheld the ACA in King v Burwell in June 2015 Bush stated that the decision was not the end of the fight against the law 153 In 2015 Bush took the position that people in the United States illegally should have a path to legal status but not a path to citizenship 150 and said that legal status and avoiding deportation should require immigrants to pay fines get work permits pay taxes not receive government assistance learn English and not commit crimes 154 He supports tougher enforcement of immigration laws including prosecution of businesses that try to hire illegal aliens 154 Bush an opponent of same sex marriage disagreed with the Obergefell v Hodges Supreme Court decision 155 and believes that the issue should be decided by the states rather than by the federal government 156 and that it is not a constitutional right 157 158 He holds that businesses should have the right to refuse to provide services for same sex weddings on religious grounds 158 In July 2015 Bush said he supported lifting the military s ban on allowing transgender people to openly serve in the military so long as the military s comfortable with this and it did not impact morale 159 Overall Bush is for expanding gun owners rights 150 As Governor Bush adopted a tough on crime approach 160 161 In the 1998 gubernatorial election he ran on a 10 20 life platform which imposed stronger mandatory minimum sentences for individuals who used guns in crimes 161 Bush is a supporter of the death penalty 162 In his unsuccessful 1994 campaign for Florida governor Bush promised to sign many more death warrants as governor 162 One of the central themes of Bush s 1994 campaign was his proposal to shorten the appeals period in capital cases 163 During Bush s term as governor some 21 prisoners were executed 164 In 2015 Bush said he was conflicted about the death penalty 160 In his 1994 campaign Bush proposed publishing the names of juvenile delinquents so the public would know who the thugs are in their neighborhoods 162 In 2002 Bush opposed a Florida ballot measure that would have allowed nonviolent drug offenders to enter treatment programs instead of prison 165 Bush s then 24 year old daughter had been arrested the same year on drug related charges and underwent treatment 165 Bush admitted smoking marijuana in his teenage years Forty years ago I smoked marijuana and I admitted it said Bush I m sure other people did it and didn t want to admit it in front of 40 million people 166 He also agreed that his decision to take marijuana was stupid and wrong 167 168 Bush believes each state should be allowed to decide whether it is appropriate to legalize marijuana or not 150 Bush opposes net neutrality 169 In September 2020 Bush told The Carlos Watson Show that he was interested in the concept of a universal basic income as popularized by 2020 Democratic presidential candidate Andrew Yang 170 Economic issues Bush supports a decrease in capital gains taxes and property taxes He supports cutting taxes for all Americans and believes they do better with less government interference Bush also is a supporter of welfare restrictions He supports the following a four year limit of benefits a requirement that able bodied recipients participate in work related activities in order to receive benefits and limiting benefits given to recipients if they have additional children while on welfare 171 Bush favors gradually raising the retirement age i e the age for collecting Social Security retirement benefits from 65 to 68 or 70 172 Bush is a frequent critic of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 173 174 International relations and security nbsp Bush greeting British Prime Minister John Major in 1991 along with his father President George H W BushIn May 2015 Bush stated that he would have ordered the 2003 invasion of Iraq had he been president at the time I would have authorized the invasion and so would have Hillary Clinton just to remind everybody And so would almost everybody that was confronted with the intelligence they got He also indicated that the lack of focus on post invasion security was a mistake 175 He later stated that knowing what we know now I would not have engaged I would not have gone into Iraq he said He also argued that the invasion though perhaps inspired by faulty intelligence had been beneficial saying the world was significantly safer without Saddam Hussein in power 176 In 2015 Bush said that he does not support a further major commitment of U S troops in Iraq to fight the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISIS or ISIL saying that such a deployment is not needed to defeat ISIS 177 He has not however ruled out such a deployment in the future 177 Bush favors building a new U S base in Iraq s al Anbar province 150 and has said that some U S troops ought to be embedded with Iraqi armed forces to help train them and identify targets as joint terminal attack controllers JTACs 154 177 Bush has not commented on adding to the approximately 3 500 U S troops in Iraq now 150 In a speech Bush said his brother former President George W Bush was his main adviser on policy with the Middle East Bush later clarified that he was referring to policy on Israel rather than on the Middle East as a whole 178 179 Bush supports the continued collection of metadata of phone calls by the National Security Agency 180 He also supports the USA Patriot Act and criticized efforts by Senator Rand Paul and others to stop its reauthorization Bush stated that Paul was wrong about the Patriot Act and stated that The Patriot Act has kept us safe plain and simple The metadata program has kept us safe plain and simple There s been no violation of civil liberties 181 Bush has called for increased military spending expressing the belief that 2 5 of GDP is an insufficient amount 182 183 Bush has called the April 2015 Iran nuclear deal framework a horrific deal and said he would likely terminate any final agreement should he become president 154 He has argued that the deal would put Iran into a position where it could intimidate the Middle East 150 Bush condemned the July 2015 final nuclear agreement between Iran and the P5 1 world powers calling it appeasement 184 However Bush stated that he would not seek to revoke the agreement on his first day in office 185 Bush supported President Donald Trump s decision to recognize Jerusalem as Israel s capital He tweeted Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and I applaud POTUS for seeing through America s promise to relocate its embassy there This is an important show of solidarity with Israel one of our nation s greatest allies 186 Civic and charitable activitiesAfter losing a 1994 election for Governor of Florida against Lawton Chiles Bush pursued policy and charitable interests He volunteered time to assist the Miami Children s Hospital the United Way of Dade County and the Dade County Homeless Trust 187 Bush served from 2012 188 to 2015 as co chair of the Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy 189 He has also worked with The James Madison Institute JMI a free market public policy think tank based in Tallahassee Florida He helped the institute in numerous ways and still has his think tank working in conjunction with it In June 2008 Bush s Foundation for Excellence in Education partnered with JMI to hold a summit called Excellence in Action A National Summit on Education Reform 190 In 1996 The Foundation For Florida s Future published a book that Bush had co written Profiles in Character ISBN 0 9650912 0 1 a clear parallel to John F Kennedy s 1955 book Profiles in Courage The foundation also published and distributed policy papers such as A New Lease on Learning Florida s First Charter School which Bush co wrote 191 Bush subsequently wrote the foreword to another book published by the conservative Heritage Foundation and written by Nina Shokraii Rees School Choice 2000 What s Happening in the States ISBN 0 89195 089 3 Bush co founded the first charter school in the State of Florida Liberty City Charter School a grades K 6 elementary school 192 in a Miami neighborhood that in 1980 was the site of the first major race riot since the Civil Rights era 193 The school s co founder working alongside Bush was T Willard Fair a local black activist and head of the Greater Miami Urban League The Liberty City Charter School was closed in 2008 after falling more than US 1 million in debt 194 In 2000 Bush established the Points of Light program to recognize an exemplary volunteer organization or person 195 Bush is the honorary chairman of the Annual AT amp T Jeb Bush Florida Golf Classic a fundraiser that benefits the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation He first became involved in the benefit after meeting with committee member Lawson Dutton whose child suffered from cystic fibrosis 196 Supporters raised more than US 722 000 in 2014 at the 19th annual Jeb Bush Florida Classic exceeding their goals in attendance and revenues raised 197 198 Since the event s inception 19 years ago the total revenue netted has reached over US 7 478 million 197 Personal life nbsp Bush with his family June 2001In the city of Leon Mexico where he was teaching English during 1970 as part of a foreign exchange program Bush met Columba Garnica Gallo 8 They were married on February 23 1974 in Austin Texas 8 199 200 As of 2014 the family residence is in Coral Gables Florida 201 Bush is fluent in Spanish 202 nbsp Bush at the state funeral for his father in December 2018The Bushes have three children George Prescott born April 24 1976 in Texas 203 204 went to Gulliver Preparatory School studied at Rice University and earned a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Texas School of Law In the 2014 election he was elected Commissioner of the Texas General Land Office 203 Noelle Lucila Bush born 1977 is his only daughter In November 2015 while campaigning in New Hampshire Bush detailed Noelle s struggles with drug abuse 205 206 His other son Jeb Bush Jr born 1983 who attended Bolles School 8 works for a Miami Florida commercial real estate firm Bush has four grandchildren two through his elder son and two through his younger son 207 In 1995 Bush converted from Episcopalianism to Catholicism 208 In 2004 he became a Fourth Degree Knight of Columbus 209 Bush a member of Father Hugon Council 3521 in Tallahassee has joined the Father Hugon Assembly 210 In April 2018 upon mother Barbara Bush s death Bush delivered a eulogy on behalf of the family at her funeral 211 Electoral history1994 Florida gubernatorial election 212 Party Candidate Votes Democratic Lawton Chiles incumbent 2 135 008 50 75 Republican Jeb Bush 2 071 068 49 23 Write in 583 0 0 Majority 63 940 1 52 Turnout 4 206 659Democratic hold1998 Florida gubernatorial election 213 Party Candidate Votes Republican Jeb Bush 2 191 105 55 27 Democratic Buddy MacKay 1 773 054 44 72 Write in 282 0 01 Total votes 3 964 441 100 00 Republican gain from Democratic2002 Florida gubernatorial election 214 Party Candidate Votes Republican Jeb Bush incumbent 2 856 845 56 0Democratic Bill McBride 2 201 427 43 2No Party Affiliation Bob Kunst 42 039 0 8Write ins 270 0 01Majority 655 418 12 8Turnout 5 100 581 54 8Republican holdCumulative results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries Party Candidate Votes Republican Donald Trump 14 015 993 44 95 Republican Ted Cruz 7 822 100 25 08 Republican John Kasich 4 290 448 13 76 Republican Marco Rubio 3 515 576 11 27 Republican Ben Carson 857 039 2 75 Republican Jeb Bush 286 694 0 92 Republican Rand Paul 66 788 0 21 Republican Mike Huckabee 51 450 0 16 Republican Carly Fiorina 40 666 0 13 Republican Chris Christie 57 637 0 18 Republican Jim Gilmore 18 369 0 06 Republican Rick Santorum 16 627 0 05 2016 Republican National Convention delegate count Party Candidate Votes Republican Donald Trump 1 441 58 3 Republican Ted Cruz 551 22 3 Republican Marco Rubio 173 7 0 Republican John Kasich 161 6 5 Republican Ben Carson 9 0 4 Republican Jeb Bush 4 0 2 Republican Rand Paul 1 lt 0 01 Republican Mike Huckabee 1 lt 0 01 Republican Carly Fiorina 1 lt 0 01 BibliographyBush Jeb Yablonski Brian 1996 Profiles in Character Foundation for Floridas Future ISBN 978 0 9650912 0 6 Bolick Clint Bush Jeb 2013 Immigration Wars Forging an American Solution New York Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 1 4767 1346 5 References a b c d e f McCrimmon Ryan March 17 2015 In Texas a Focused Jeb Bush Stood Out From the Crowd Texas Tribune Austin Texas Archived from the original on April 5 2016 Retrieved May 24 2015 Florida Governor Jeb Bush National Governors Association Archived from the original on May 5 2014 Retrieved May 5 2014 Jeb Bush s Pros and Cons The Huffington Post December 16 2014 Archived from the original on June 17 2015 Retrieved June 14 2015 Long held values shape Public Life of Jeb Bush Archived May 11 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Miami Herald September 22 2002 Retrieved on October 15 2012 Bush attended public Grady Elementary School in Houston for several years Jeb Bush gives Andover kids Republic insight Boston com Archived from the original on May 5 2014 Retrieved May 5 2014 a b c Kranish Michael February 1 2015 Jeb Bush shaped by troubled Phillips Academy years Boston Globe Archived from the original on February 3 2015 Retrieved January 31 2015 Kruse Michael May 21 2015 Andover Mexico and the Making of Jeb Bush Politico Washington DC Archived from the original on May 24 2015 Retrieved May 25 2015 Before the Andover boys and teacher John J Patrick helped build the two room schoolhouse in Ibarrilla outside of Leon in their two month trip in 1971 the village had no school at all only a local woman who volunteered to teach the children who were interested in learning rudimentary reading and math skills a b c d e Guevara Castro Lillian May 5 1999 Florida s First Lady Columba Bush settles into life in the governor s mansion Ocala Star Banner Ocala Florida Archived from the original on October 28 2021 Retrieved March 22 2015 Columba Garnica Gallo was 16 and John Ellis Jeb Bush was 17 when they met in the central Mexican town of Leon Jeb was teaching English and helping to build a school as an exchange student from Phillips Academy a prestigious prep school in Andover Mass Hispanic consciousness lends weight to Jeb Bush as GOP eyes 2016 presidential race The Washington Post April 24 2013 Archived from the original on January 26 2015 Retrieved February 9 2015 Results from Lottery Drawing Vietnam Era 1973 Selective Service System Archived from the original on February 10 2015 Retrieved July 21 2015 Janowitz Morris and Charles C Moskos Jr Five Years of the All Volunteer Force 1973 1978 Armed Forces amp Society Jan 1979 vol 5 pp 171 218 Archived copy Archived from the original on March 12 2010 Retrieved July 21 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Jeb Bush Gives Party Something to Think About The New York Times May 25 2014 Archived from the original on July 9 2017 Retrieved February 17 2017 Kelley Kitty The Family The Real Story of the Bush Dynasty p 404 Doubleday 2004 Jeb Bush followed the family game plan Earn your fortune then run for public office A vast network of deals made it possible St Petersburg Times Archived from the original on July 25 2014 Retrieved May 5 2014 Manuel Roig Franzia April 24 2013 Hispanic consciousness lends weight to Jeb Bush The Washington Post Archived from the original on September 1 2017 Retrieved September 1 2017 Zweigenhaft Richard and Domhoff G William Diversity in the Power Elite How it Happened Why it Matters Archived November 24 2015 at the Wayback Machine p 149 Rowman amp Littlefield 2006 a b c MacGillis Alec January 26 2015 Testing Time Jeb Bush s Educational Experiment New Yorker Archived from the original on January 31 2015 Retrieved February 1 2015 Swasy Alecia and Trigaux Robert Make the Money and Run Archived July 25 2014 at the Wayback Machine St Petersburg Times September 20 1998 Morley Jefferson Dirty Money Archived April 27 2014 at the Wayback Machine Miami New Times February 27 1991 a b c Campbell Duncan The Bush dynasty and the Cuban criminals Archived August 26 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian December 2 2002 Retrieved September 9 2010 a b Washington Post March 15 2015 Jeb Bush s tie to fugitive Miguel Recarey goes against business savvy image he promotes Tampa Bay Times Retrieved September 26 2023 Alleged misconduct by international medical centers statement of David C Williams Director Office of Special Investigations PDF GAO December 15 1987 Ryan Grim February 20 2015 When Dad Was VP Jeb Bush Lobbied The Administration For A Medicare Fraudster Huffington Post Retrieved September 26 2023 a b Kyle Pendergast November 19 2008 Where are they now Jeb Bush Houston Chronicle Archived from the original on July 22 2015 Retrieved December 16 2014 a b Date S V Jeb Archived February 8 2016 at the Wayback Machine p 223 Penguin 2007 a b c Eder Steve Barbaro Michael February 14 2015 As Dynasty s Son Jeb Bush Used His Connections Freely New York Times Archived from the original on February 15 2015 Retrieved February 15 2015 a b Adams David and Simon Stephanie Jeb Bush Party elder statesman or 2016 candidate Archived September 24 2015 at the Wayback Machine Reuters June 25 2012 Aberbach Joel and Peele Gillian Crisis of Conservatism The Republican Party the Conservative Movement and American Politics After Bush Archived May 12 2015 at the Wayback Machine p 189 Oxford University Press 2011 a b Listening Jeb Bush The Economist October 15 1998 Archived from the original on January 5 2014 Retrieved May 29 2013 1 dead link How Jeb Bush Proved His Own Willie Horton Style Ad Was a Lie The Daily Banter Archived from the original on December 4 2021 Retrieved December 4 2021 Jeb Bush s worst day Archived from the original on December 4 2021 Retrieved December 4 2021 2 dead link Larry Mann executed for Palm Harbor girl s 1980 killing Archived from the original on December 4 2021 Retrieved December 4 2021 a b Jeb Bush Makes History In Florida CBS News November 5 2002 Archived from the original on May 12 2013 Retrieved July 25 2016 Michael Grunwald Jeb in the Wilderness The time Florida s Republican governor took on the biggest environmental restoration project in American history Archived May 10 2015 at the Wayback Machine Politico Magazine March April 2015 Associated The December 14 2006 Gov Jeb Bush s environmental legacy during eight years in office Jacksonville com Archived from the original on May 14 2013 Retrieved May 29 2013 Jeb Bush StateImpact Florida Stateimpact npr org Archived from the original on June 23 2013 Retrieved May 29 2013 Getter Lisa Jeb Bush s Recount Role Examined Archived November 17 2018 at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times July 14 2001 Retrieved 2014 12 06 Richard L Berke November 19 1998 Bush Brothers Provide Light to Republicans After a Dreary Election The New York Times Archived from the original on December 17 2014 Retrieved December 16 2014 Nia Malika Henderson December 15 2014 Jeb Bush did really well with Latinos in Florida The Washington Post Archived from the original on June 30 2015 Retrieved September 1 2017 Bush McBride debate tonight St Petersburg Times September 27 2002 Archived from the original on May 23 2011 Retrieved May 25 2008 Bush McBride Face Off In Final Debate Associated Press October 22 2002 Archived from the original on October 25 2002 Retrieved May 25 2008 Bush Bets His Popularity And Scores a Big Victory The Washington Post November 6 2002 Retrieved May 25 2008 permanent dead link Canedy Dana November 6 2002 THE 2002 ELECTIONS THE FLORIDA VOTE Bush Wins 2nd Term With Surge The New York Times Archived from the original on October 28 2021 Retrieved May 25 2008 Stewart Russ Will Iraqi Victory convert Jews to GOP Archived November 19 2008 at the Wayback Machine Russ Stewart April 16 2003 Retrieved June 14 2008 The Finally Emerging Republican Majority Weeklystandard com Archived from the original on May 10 2009 Retrieved April 3 2009 a b c d e f g Reinhard Beth February 18 2015 Jeb Bush s Record Offers Cover From the Right Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on October 1 2016 Retrieved March 8 2017 a b Gillin Joshua June 11 2015 Jeb Bush says he cut Florida taxes by US 19 billion but did he really PolitiFact Archived from the original on August 21 2015 Retrieved August 27 2015 a b Feldmann Linda June 15 2015 Is Jeb Bush a real conservative Six things to know about his record The Christian Science Monitor Archived from the original on June 17 2015 Retrieved June 17 2015 The Other Bush on Taxes CNN Money December 17 2014 Archived from the original on December 29 2017 Retrieved August 28 2015 Jeb Bush says he cut 13 000 state workforce jobs as governor PolitiFact Archived from the original on August 4 2015 Retrieved August 4 2015 Kleindienst Linda The Jeb Bush Era Ends in Florida Washington Post Archived from the original on November 25 2014 Retrieved August 28 2015 American Libraries Gov Jeb Bush Vetoes Florida Library Appropriations ALA May 26 2006 Archived from the original on June 4 2009 Retrieved April 3 2009 Moore Stephen Slivinski Stephen February 12 2001 Fiscal Policy Report Card on America s Governors 2000 PDF Policy Analysis No 391 Cato Institute Archived PDF from the original on February 4 2016 Retrieved September 3 2015 Moore Stephen Slivinski Stephen February 12 2001 Fiscal Policy Report Card on America s Governors 2000 Cato Institute Archived from the original on September 12 2015 Retrieved September 3 2015 Moore Stephen Slivinski Stephen September 20 2002 Fiscal Policy Report Card on America s Governors 2002 PDF Policy Analysis No 454 Cato Institute Archived PDF from the original on February 4 2016 Retrieved September 3 2015 Moore Stephen Slivinski Stephen September 20 2002 Fiscal Policy Report Card on America s Governors 2002 Cato Institute Archived from the original on September 4 2015 Retrieved September 3 2015 Moore Stephen Slivinski Stephen March 1 2005 Fiscal Policy Report Card on America s Governors 2004 PDF Policy Analysis No 537 Cato Institute Archived PDF from the original on February 4 2016 Retrieved September 3 2015 Moore Stephen Slivinski Stephen March 1 2005 Fiscal Policy Report Card on America s Governors 2004 Cato Institute Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved September 3 2015 Slivinski Stephen October 24 2006 Fiscal Policy Report Card on America s Governors 2006 PDF Policy Analysis No 581 Cato Institute Archived PDF from the original on May 21 2015 Retrieved September 3 2015 Slivinski Stephen October 24 2006 Fiscal Policy Report Card on America s Governors 2006 Cato Institute Archived from the original on September 24 2015 Retrieved September 3 2015 a b Governor Jeb Bush A Record of Leadership and Policy Accomplishment PDF Washington Policy Center Archived PDF from the original on May 12 2014 Retrieved May 10 2014 Thomas Robert God in the Classroom Religion and America s Public Schools Archived February 8 2016 at the Wayback Machine p 167 Greenwood Publishing Group 2007 Bush would seek to kill class size amendment Archived from the original on October 8 2002 Retrieved 2005 07 26 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Audio File Archived from the original on October 8 2002 Retrieved 2005 07 26 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Statutes amp Constitution Constitution Online Sunshine Leg state fl us Archived from the original on December 8 2008 Retrieved April 3 2009 James Joni Jeb Bush on One Florida Archived March 20 2007 at the Wayback Machine St Petersburg Times March 18 2007 Retrieved June 14 2008 Jeb Bush denied one honor wins another Politics NBC News NBC News March 24 2007 Archived from the original on December 21 2013 Retrieved April 3 2009 Mary Ellen Klas Fla Supreme Court rejects damage caps on medical malpractice Archived November 1 2015 at the Wayback Machine Miami Herald March 13 2014 3 Archived January 8 2015 at the Wayback Machine Florida Governor Jeb Bush intervenes in right to die case A cruel pandering to the religious right October 31 2003 Joseph Kay 4 Archived January 8 2015 at the Wayback Machine Eventually Jeb Bush Will Need to Claim He s the Conservative Candidate National Review Online Jim Geraghty December 3 2014 5 Archived December 24 2017 at the Wayback Machine Justices Decline Schiavo Case March 25 2005 Washington Post John Arit January 13 2015 Which Bush is Most Conservative You Might Be Surprised Archived April 5 2016 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg Retrieved April 11 2015 Scott Conroy April 8 2014 Could Jeb Bush Win Over the Christian Right in 16 RealClearPolitics Archived from the original on January 27 2015 Retrieved February 20 2015 Florida approves Choose Life license plate Archived August 10 2013 at the Wayback Machine Milwaukee Journal Sentinel November 24 1999 Olszonowicz Deborah Motor Vehicle Registration and License Plates x September 1999 Chapin Timothy et al Growth Management in Florida Planning for Paradise Archived February 8 2016 at the Wayback Machine p 246 Ashgate Publishing Ltd 2012 Jeffers Gromer Jr March 24 2012 In Arlington Jeb Bush says stand your ground invalid in Trayvon Martin case The Dallas Morning News Archived from the original on February 1 2015 Retrieved January 31 2015 Meckler Laura December 16 2014 What Kind of Republican is Bush His Time as Governor Offers Clues Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on February 1 2015 Retrieved January 31 2015 States That Have Stand Your Ground Laws FindLaw Thomson Reuters Archived from the original on January 27 2015 Retrieved February 1 2015 Pope Francis takes a dim view of the death penalty but not all Catholics are convinced National Catholic Reporter March 24 2015 Archived from the original on June 22 2015 Retrieved June 17 2015 Botched execution likely painful doctors say Associated Press December 16 2006 Archived from the original on January 8 2015 Retrieved January 8 2015 Gillin Joshua PolitiFact Florida When Jeb Bush was known as Veto Corleone Archived June 29 2015 at the Wayback Machine Miami Herald May 30 2015 Crew Robert Jeb Bush Aggressive Conservatism in Florida Archived February 8 2016 at the Wayback Machine p 48 University Press of America 2009 Bush veto dated June 18 2004 PDF Archived PDF from the original on July 27 2011 Retrieved September 26 2010 a b Florida High Speed Rail Overview Archived April 14 2013 at archive today Florida Bullet Train org Retrieved on 2010 11 09 a b c d e McCommons James 2009 Waiting on a Train White River Junction Vermont Chelsea Green Publishing Company pp 258 259 ISBN 978 1 60358 064 9 Archived from the original on August 30 2013 Retrieved September 9 2013 Bullet train hits a big obstacle Jeb Bush Orlando Sentinel January 14 1999 Archived from the original on May 21 2015 Retrieved May 19 2015 Bierman Noah May 10 2015 Jeb Bush s war against Florida high speed rail shows his governing style Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on April 15 2016 Retrieved April 7 2016 a b Bush transformed state politics The Miami Herald December 17 2006 a b James Joni October 31 2006 Bush finishing second term on positive note The Naples Daily News Griffin Michael October 15 1999 Graham Jeb Bush win popularity poll The Orlando Sentinel Hollis Mark April 13 2000 Poll finds Bush s popularity plunged The Stuart News Kleindienst Linda August 8 2000 Bush s approval rating climbs South Florida Sun Sentinel Galey Philip June 21 2001 Taking on the Bush brothers St Lucie News Tribune Bousquet Steve August 16 2001 Bush revs machine for 2002 fundraising drive Tampa Bay Times Zeleny Jeff September 9 2001 Reno won t cruise to Florida office Chicago Tribune March William January 31 2002 Governor President Score High In Poll The Tampa Tribune JOB APPROVAL April 1 2002 Gov Bush campaigning hard despite strong poll numbers News Press June 21 2002 Bush still leads in gubernatorial poll but his job approval ratings decline Boca Raton News St John Paige October 17 2002 Voters cynical about Bush claims News Press Voters and Jeb Bush South Florida Sun Sentinel June 23 2003 Governor s approval rating stays at 54 The Orlando Sentinel April 8 2004 a b St John Paige September 22 2005 Bush s support remains strong despite slight fall among church goers Florida Today O Brien Mark December 14 2004 There s a limit to the value of term limits on political offices Pensacola News Journal Gov Jeb Bush enjoying good approval rating Quinnipiac University Associated Press February 20 2006 JOB PERFORMANCE The Orlando Sentinel March 30 2006 James Joni October 29 2006 Bush s grades stay up Tampa Bay Times As Ky governor Fletcher vows to clean up mess enquirer com Archived from the original on October 28 2021 Retrieved June 15 2008 Rucker Philip and Costa Robert Influential Republicans working to draft Jeb Bush into 2016 presidential race Archived May 29 2014 at the Wayback Machine The Washington Post March 29 2014 Collinson Stephen and Reston Maeve January 28 2015 Jeb Bush s Conservative Evolution Archived February 1 2015 at the Wayback Machine CNN Retrieved January 28 2015 Rutenberg Jim June 11 2012 Jeb Bush Takes Aim at Fellow Republicans The New York Times Archived from the original on February 7 2017 Retrieved February 17 2017 Kopan Tal October 17 2013 Jeb Bush says GOP needs agenda Politico Archived from the original on October 17 2013 Retrieved October 17 2013 Jeb Bush to decide on Republican presidential run by end of year Theguardian com Guardian News and Media Limited April 6 2014 Archived from the original on April 7 2014 Retrieved April 6 2014 Who We Are Board Members National Assessment Governing Board Archived from the original on May 2 2013 Retrieved May 29 2013 Caputo Marc A September 23 2013 Read Rick Scott s Common Core letters order A Jeb Bush dis Not quite Will Legislature abide Yes The Miami Herald Archived from the original on October 17 2013 Retrieved October 17 2013 Leary Alex October 17 2013 Jeb Bush to Common Core opponents conspiracy theories are easy attention grabbers Tampa Bay Times Archived from the original on October 17 2013 Retrieved October 17 2013 Governor Jeb Bush Confirms Discussing His Interest in NFL Commissioner Job Fox News Archived from the original on June 2 2006 Retrieved June 5 2013 Jeb Bush quashes NFL speculation Usatoday Com May 25 2006 Archived from the original on May 8 2009 Retrieved April 3 2009 Gasparino Charlie Exclusive Why Doesn t Jeb Want to Talk About Lehman Bros Fox Business Archived from the original on September 8 2015 Retrieved September 19 2015 Koenig David Jeb Bush joins Tenet Healthcare s board Archived October 18 2011 at the Wayback Machine USA Today May 10 2007 Retrieved June 14 2008 Wilchins Dan August 30 2007 Lehman hires Jeb Bush as private equity advisor Reuters Archived from the original on May 16 2009 Retrieved April 3 2009 a b c Barbaro Michael April 21 2014 Jeb Bush s Rush to Make Money May Be Hurdle The New York Times pp A1 Archived from the original on April 29 2014 Retrieved April 28 2014 Gold Matea January 19 2015 Timeline Jeb Bush and InnoVida The Washington Post Archived from the original on April 6 2015 Retrieved April 6 2015 Renzulli Kerri Jeb Bush s Personal Investments Are as Messy as His Suspended Campaign Money Archived from the original on April 16 2021 Retrieved December 1 2018 Rutenberg Jim Jeff Zeleny November 22 2012 Jeb Bush in 2016 Not Too Early for Chatter The New York Times Archived from the original on November 30 2012 Retrieved December 1 2012 Kendall Breitman George W Bush I think Jeb wants it Archived October 2 2014 at the Wayback Machine Politico 10 2 14 A Note from Jeb Bush facebook com Archived from the original on December 16 2014 Retrieved December 16 2014 Roberts Dan January 1 2015 Jeb Bush sheds corporate commitments to help 2016 presidential run Theguardian com Guardian News amp Media Limited Archived from the original on January 1 2015 Retrieved January 1 2015 Mendoza Jessica February 10 2015 Jeb Bush releases eight years worth of emails Is that legal Christian Science Monitor Archived from the original on February 11 2015 Retrieved February 10 2015 Jeb Bush camp blames Florida for unredacted emails Archived February 11 2015 at the Wayback Machine Kendall Breitman Politico February 10 2015 Jeb Bush redacts correspondents leaked information BBC February 11 2015 Archived from the original on February 11 2015 Retrieved February 12 2015 Frumin Aliyah Jeb Bush exploits major loophole in campaign finance rule Archived January 7 2020 at the Wayback Machine MSNBC May 2 2015 Frumin Aliyah May 2 2015 Jeb Bush exploits major loophole in campaign finance rule Archived January 7 2020 at the Wayback Machine MSNBC Retrieved May 3 2015 Diamond Jeremy June 4 2015 Jeb Bush to announce candidacy June 15 CNN Archived from the original on June 7 2015 Retrieved June 4 2015 Tau Byron June 15 2015 Jeb Bush Files Paperwork to Run for President The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on June 15 2015 Retrieved June 15 2015 Holland Steve June 15 2015 Jeb Bush vows to fix Washington as he starts White House run Reuters Archived from the original on June 17 2015 Retrieved June 15 2015 a b Holland Steve Jeb Bush strikes softer tone at start of White House run Archived September 24 2015 at the Wayback Machine Reuters June 15 2015 Jeb Bush drops out of GOP race in South Carolina KTAR com Archived from the original on February 21 2016 Retrieved February 21 2016 Lee M J Donald Trump and Jeb Bush aren t on the same planet Archived October 15 2015 at the Wayback Machine CNN October 9 2015 Mark Preston Theodore Schleifer March 23 2016 Jeb Bush backs Ted Cruz for president CNN Archived from the original on June 17 2016 Retrieved June 17 2016 Jeb Bush Drops Out of Presidential Race TIME com Archived from the original on February 21 2016 Retrieved February 21 2016 Eli Stokols Inside Jeb Bush s 150 Million Failure His closest aides failed to predict Trump and never changed course guiding a flawed candidate into a corner he couldn t escape Archived February 21 2016 at the Wayback Machine February 20 2016 Dann Carrie May 6 2016 Jeb Bush I Will Not Vote for Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton NBC News Archived from the original on October 4 2016 Retrieved October 9 2016 Jeb Bush s Issue Positions VoteSmart Archived from the original on April 19 2015 Retrieved April 12 2015 a b Waldman Paul May 12 2014 Where the 2016 GOP contenders stand on climate change The Washington Post Archived from the original on April 14 2015 Retrieved April 11 2015 Clare Foran Jeb Bush is All Over the Place on Climate Change The 2016 hopeful is concerned about global warming Will he do anything to fight it Archived June 28 2015 at the Wayback Machine National Journal May 22 2015 a b c d e f g Rachel Wellford What does Jeb Bush believe Where the candidate stands on 11 issues Archived September 6 2017 at the Wayback Machine PBS June 15 2015 a b c Igor Bobic Jeb Bush Replace Monstrosity of Obamacare Archived November 8 2016 at the Wayback Machine Huffington Post March 8 2015 Bill Glauber Obamacare is flawed Jeb Bush says at Milwaukee event Archived September 10 2015 at the Wayback Machine Journal Sentinel November 4 2015 Jeb Ruling is not the end of the fight against ObamaCare Archived July 15 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Hill June 29 2015 a b c d Mullany Gerry Jeb Bush on the Issues Archived July 9 2017 at the Wayback Machine New York Times June 5 2015 McLaughlin Seth June 26 2015 Jeb Bush Same sex marriage should have been decided by states Archived September 26 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Washington Times Retrieved 17 September 2015 Former Florida Gov Jeb Bush restated his support of traditional marriage in response to the Supreme Court opening the door to same sex marriage across the country Patrick Healy Jeb Bush Takes Tougher Stance Against Same Sex Marriage Archived July 9 2017 at the Wayback Machine New York Times May 17 2015 Alexandra Jaffe Jeb Bush stands by opposition to same sex marriage Archived June 17 2015 at the Wayback Machine CNN May 18 2015 a b Gambino Lauren May 18 2015 Jeb Bush says same sex marriage should not be a constitutional right The Guardian Archived from the original on June 17 2015 Retrieved June 17 2015 Jon Ward Jeb Bush supports Pentagon move to allow transgender military service Archived September 24 2015 at the Wayback Machine Yahoo Politics July 16 2016 a b Jeb Bush conflicted about the death penalty The Washington Post 2015 Archived from the original on July 26 2019 a b Schoenfeld Heather 2018 Building the Prison State Chicago Series in Law and Society Chicago University Press p 173 Archived from the original on July 26 2019 Retrieved July 26 2019 a b c Andrew Prokop The Jeb Bush formula How the staunch conservative learned to talk moderate and win Archived July 26 2019 at the Wayback Machine Vox June 15 2015 Christina Wilkie If You Think Jeb Bush Is A Moderate Then You Missed His 1994 Campaign Archived May 16 2018 at the Wayback Machine Huffington Post January 8 2015 Pope Francis takes a dim view of the death penalty but not all Catholics are convinced National Catholic Reporter March 24 2015 Archived from the original on June 22 2015 Retrieved June 17 2015 a b Julie Hauserman Bush opposes ballot measure in drug fight Archived March 4 2016 at the Wayback Machine St Petersburg Times April 11 2002 Nick Wing Jeb Bush Sheepishly Talks About Smoking Weed 40 Years Ago Archived October 11 2017 at the Wayback Machine HuffingtonPost September 16 2015 Michael Kranish Jeb Bush shaped by troubled Phillips Academy years Archived April 22 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Boston Globe February 01 2015 Mark Ram Jeb Bush on marijuana legalization Archived May 5 2016 at the Wayback Machine Marijuana Reform February 23 2016 Zeke J Miller March 7 2015 Jeb Bush Says Net Neutrality Decision is Crazy March 8 2015 Archived from the original on June 27 2015 Retrieved June 17 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Jeb Bush Net Neutrality Decision Is Crazy Time If Jeb Were President Racial Reconciliation UBI YouTube YouTube Archived from the original on October 28 2021 Retrieved January 26 2021 Jeb Bush s Issue Positions Political Courage Test The Voter s Self Defense System Vote Smart Project Vote Smart Archived from the original on July 5 2015 Retrieved June 16 2015 Max Ehrenfreund This presidential election could totally change when you can retire Archived July 5 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Washington Post June 4 2015 Alejandro Lazo Jeb Bush Attacks Obama Policies Says GOP Needs Hopeful Message in 2016 Archived July 10 2017 at the Wayback Machine Wall Street Journal January 23 2015 Jeb Bush says U S bank rules may have contributed to systemic risks Archived October 10 2015 at the Wayback Machine Reuters June 9 2015 Tumulty Karen May 10 2015 Jeb Bush says he would have invaded Iraq The Washington Post Archived from the original on May 13 2015 Retrieved May 10 2015 Sara Murray and Maeve Reston CNN May 13 2015 Jeb Bush I would not have gone into Iraq CNNPolitics com CNN Archived from the original on June 22 2015 Retrieved June 16 2015 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a author has generic name help a b c David Welna Jeb Bush Offers His Prescription For Iraq Archived September 28 2018 at the Wayback Machine NPR Weekend Edition Saturday August 15 2015 Costa Robert Gold Matea May 7 2015 One of Jeb Bush s top advisers on Israel George W Bush The Washington Post Archived from the original on May 8 2015 Retrieved May 8 2015 Murray Sara May 7 2015 Jeb George W Bush is a top foreign policy adviser CNN Archived from the original on May 10 2015 Retrieved May 11 2015 O Keefe Ed April 21 2015 Bush credits Obama for continuing NSA s metadata program The Washington Post Archived from the original on May 9 2015 Retrieved April 21 2015 Erik Schelzig Jeb Bush says Rand Paul wrong on ending surveillance laws Archived April 1 2016 at the Wayback Machine Associated Press May 31 2015 Doug Bandow Jeb Bush Abandons Mainstream Finds Inner Neocon Archived September 10 2015 at the Wayback Machine Cato Institute August 18 2015 James Bowen Jeb Bush his own man but with some familiar foreign policy ideas Archived September 14 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Interpreter Lowy Institute for International Policy February 19 2015 Ben Jacobs Jeb Bush denounces Iran nuclear deal as appeasement Archived January 25 2017 at the Wayback Machine Guardian July 14 2015 Eli Stokols Jeb Bush I wouldn t roll back Obama s Iran deal on Day One Archived August 21 2015 at the Wayback Machine Politico July 17 2015 Florida reaction to Trump s recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel Tampa Bay Times December 6 2017 Archived from the original on August 2 2019 Retrieved August 4 2019 Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy Archived from the original on September 1 2013 Bello Marisol March 5 2014 Bush foundation celebrates 25 years of family literacy USA Today Archived from the original on February 11 2015 Retrieved February 12 2015 Larson Leslie January 1 2015 Jeb Bush resigns from corporate nonprofit boards to start 2015 afresh New York Daily News Archived from the original on March 13 2015 Retrieved February 12 2015 Cato on Excellence in Action A National Summit on Education Reform Foundation for Excellence in Education Archived from the original on December 10 2008 Retrieved August 23 2008 A New Lease on Learning Florida s First Charter School PDF PDF Archived from the original on August 24 2000 Retrieved 2005 04 23 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Liberty City Charter School Archived from the original on April 4 2006 Retrieved 2005 04 16 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link African American Registry Riot erupts in Liberty City Aaregistry com Archived from the original on June 11 2008 Retrieved April 3 2009 McGrory Kathleen Hiaasen Scott December 16 2011 Charter schools enrolling low number of poor students The Miami Herald Archived from the original on May 11 2013 Retrieved March 21 2013 Berrios Jerry August 20 2003 Hero in the Spotlight The Miami Herald p 1B Golf Tournament 19th Annual AT amp T Jeb Bush Florida Classic Sponsored By The Wasie Foundation Event Time amp Tickets Eventful Eventful Inc November 14 2014 19th annual Jeb Bush Florida Classic Archived April 2 2015 at the Wayback Machine a b Jeb Bush Florida Classic History Archived October 28 2021 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved March 19 2015 Abraham Randy Fundraiser help fight cystic fibrosis Archived January 2 2015 at the Wayback Machine Sun Sentinel December 17 2014 Retrieved March 19 2015 Gedda George February 14 2001 Bush has hemisphere on brain PDF Laredo Morning Times Archived from the original PDF on October 7 2007 Retrieved October 21 2006 Jeb Bush s Latin Lover R Rated Bloomberg Bloomberg com June 13 2013 Archived from the original on September 22 2015 Retrieved April 8 2014 Bush Jeb August 2014 Jeb Bush The Things I Really Love About Florida Gulfshore Life Archived from the original on April 18 2015 Retrieved April 18 2015 Giroux Greg October 6 2014 Jeb Bush Speaks Fluent GOP in Spanish Language Ads Archived from the original on February 11 2015 Retrieved February 9 2015 a b George P Bush starts small shuns idea his name Hispanic heritage can save GOP in Texas Washington Post Associated Press July 20 2013 Archived from the original on May 18 2015 Retrieved May 14 2015 Texas Births 1926 1995 Familytreelegends com Archived from the original on March 5 2014 Retrieved May 13 2015 Cassie Spodak Ashley Killough and Heather Goldin November 5 2015 Jeb Bush opens up about daughter s drug addiction CNNPolitics CNN Archived from the original on September 16 2020 Retrieved September 15 2020 Parker Ashley January 5 2016 Jeb Bush Drops Guard to Share Family Account of Addiction New York Times Archived from the original on February 14 2019 Retrieved February 13 2019 Jeb Bush Welcomes Birth Of New Granddaughter Vivian Alexandra Columba The Huffington Post January 2 2014 Archived from the original on May 29 2016 Retrieved February 20 2020 Jeb Bush Catholic Convert Will His Brother Convert Catholic org September 2 2009 Archived from the original on September 5 2012 Retrieved August 8 2012 President Discusses Compassionate Conservative Agenda in Dallas Retrieved August 8 2012 dead link KofC Southeast Florida Knights of Columbus Archived from the original on January 8 2015 Shaban Hamza April 21 2018 The first lady of the greatest generation Barbara Bush honored by friends and family at private funeral in Houston The Washington Post ISSN 0190 8286 Archived from the original on April 21 2018 Retrieved April 21 2018 Florida Department of State Election Results Archived from the original on July 18 2011 Retrieved March 26 2011 Florida Department of State Election Results Archived from the original on May 22 2012 2002 Gubernatorial General Election Results Florida Atlas of U S Presidential Elections Archived from the original on September 4 2020 Retrieved May 22 2008 Further readingBarnes Fred Governor in Chief Jeb Bush s remarkable eight years of achievement in Florida Archived August 22 2006 at the Wayback Machine The Weekly Standard June 12 2006 Freedberg Sydney P Jeb Bush The Son Rises Away from Dad s Shadow The Miami Herald August 15 1994 Huffington Arianna The latest Bush hypocrisy Archived February 22 2005 at the Wayback Machine Salon com September 16 2002 Viglucci Andres and Alfonso Chardy Bush and business Fast success brushes with mystery The Miami Herald October 5 2002 Yardley William Jeb Bush His early values shape his politics The Miami Herald September 22 2002 External linksJeb Bush at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote Official website Official governor s portrait and biography at the Museum of Florida History Jeb Bush at Biography com Appearances on C SPAN Profile at Vote Smart Jeb Bush s file at PolitiFact com Jeb Bush collected news and commentary at the Miami Herald Jeb Bush collected news and commentary at the Tampa Bay Times Jeb Bush collected news and commentary at The New York Times Jeb Bush at CurlieParty political officesPreceded byBob Martinez Republican nominee for Governor of Florida1994 1998 2002 Succeeded byCharlie CristPolitical officesPreceded byBuddy MacKay Governor of Florida1999 2007 Succeeded byCharlie CristU S order of precedence ceremonial Preceded byBuddy MacKayas Former Governor Order of precedence of the United States Succeeded byCharlie Cristas Former Governor Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jeb Bush amp oldid 1198026652, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.