Brunswick, Maine
Brunswick is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. Brunswick is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 21,756 at the 2020 United States Census.[3] Part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area, Brunswick is home to Bowdoin College, the Bowdoin International Music Festival, the Bowdoin College Museum of Art, the Peary–MacMillan Arctic Museum, and the Maine State Music Theatre. It was formerly home to the U.S. Naval Air Station Brunswick, which was permanently closed on May 31, 2011, and has since been partially released to redevelopment as "Brunswick Landing".
Brunswick, Maine | |
|---|---|
Downtown Brunswick, looking north along Maine Street | |
Seal | |
| Motto: "Beautifully balanced" | |
Location in Cumberland County and the state of Maine | |
Brunswick Brunswick | |
| Coordinates: 43°54′39″N 69°57′47″W / 43.91083°N 69.96306°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maine |
| County | Cumberland |
| Settled | 1628 |
| Incorporated (town) | 1739 |
| Communities |
|
| Area | |
| • Total | 54.34 sq mi (140.74 km2) |
| • Land | 46.73 sq mi (121.03 km2) |
| • Water | 7.61 sq mi (19.71 km2) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 21,756 |
| • Density | 433.9/sq mi (167.5/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (Eastern) |
| ZIP code | 04011 |
| Website | www |
History edit
Settled in 1628 by Thomas Purchase and other fishermen, the area was called by its Indian name, Pejepscot, meaning "the long, rocky rapids part [of the river]". In 1639, Purchase placed his settlement under protection of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. During King Philip's War in 1676, Pejepscot was burned and abandoned, although a garrison called Fort Andros was built on the ruins during King William's War. During the war, in Major Benjamin Church's second expedition a year later, he arrived on September 11, 1690, with 300 men at Casco Bay. He went up the Androscoggin River to Fort Pejepscot (present day Brunswick, Maine).[4] From there he went 40 miles (64 km) upriver and attacked a native village. Three or four native men were shot in retreat. When Church discovered five captive settlers in the wigwams, six or seven prisoners were butchered as an example,[5] and nine prisoners were taken. A few days later, in retaliation, the natives attacked Church at Cape Elizabeth on Purpooduc Point, killing seven of his men and wounding 24 others.[6] On September 26, Church returned to Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
The 1713 Treaty of Portsmouth brought peace to the region between the Abenaki Indians and the English colonists.[7]
In 1714, a consortium from Boston and Portsmouth bought the land, thereafter called the Pejepscot purchase. The Massachusetts General Court constituted the township in 1717, naming it "Brunswick" in honor of the House of Brunswick and its scion, King George I. A stone fort called Fort George was built in 1715 near the falls. But during Dummer's War on July 13, 1722, Abenaki warriors from Norridgewock burned the village. Consequently, Governor Samuel Shute declared war on the Abenakis. In 1724, 208 English colonial militia left Fort Richmond and sacked Norridgewock during Dummer's War. Brunswick was rebuilt again in 1727, and in 1739 incorporated as a town. It became a prosperous seaport, where Bowdoin College was chartered in 1794.[7]
The Androscoggin River falls in three successive stages for a total vertical drop of 41 feet (12 m), providing water power for industry. Brunswick became a major producer of lumber, with as many as 25 sawmills. Some of the lumber went into shipbuilding. Other firms produced paper, soap, flour, marble and granite work, carriages and harness, plows, furniture, shoes and confections. The town was site of the first cotton mill in Maine, the Brunswick Cotton Manufactory Company, built in 1809 to make yarn. Purchased in 1812, the mill was enlarged by the Maine Cotton & Woolen Factory Company.[8] In 1857, the Cabot Manufacturing Company was established to make cotton textiles. It bought the failed Worumbo Mill and expanded the brick factory along the falls. Needing even more room, the company in 1890 persuaded the town to move Maine Street.[9]
Principal employers for Brunswick include L.L. Bean, Bath Iron Works, as well as companies that produce fiberglass construction material and electrical switches. A number of health services providers serving Maine's mid-coast area are located in Brunswick.[10] The former Naval Air Station Brunswick was a major employer in Brunswick prior to its closure.
National Register of Historic Places edit
Brunswick has a number of historic districts recognized on the National Register of Historic Places:
- Androscoggin Swinging Bridge
- Henry Boody House
- Brunswick Commercial Historic District
- Parker Cleaveland House
- Crystal Spring Farm
- John Dunlap House
- Federal Street Historic District
- First Parish Church
- Lincoln Street Historic District
- Massachusetts Hall, Bowdoin College
- Pennellville Historic District
- Richardson House
- St. Paul's Episcopal Church
- Harriet Beecher Stowe House
- Whittier Field
In popular culture edit
The book Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe while she was living in Brunswick, during the time that her husband was a professor at Bowdoin. She got a key vision for the book in the First Parish Church.[11]
A scene in the 1993 movie The Man Without a Face was filmed in the town.[10]
Geography edit
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 54.34 square miles (140.74 km2), of which 46.73 square miles (121.03 km2) is land and 7.61 square miles (19.71 km2) is water.[1] Brunswick is located at the north end of Casco Bay, as well as the head of tide and head of navigation on the Androscoggin River.
Climate edit
| Climate data for Brunswick, Maine | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 61 (16) | 59 (15) | 73 (23) | 84 (29) | 94 (34) | 100 (38) | 98 (37) | 104 (40) | 95 (35) | 85 (29) | 74 (23) | 68 (20) | 104 (40) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 31 (−1) | 34 (1) | 43 (6) | 54 (12) | 65 (18) | 74 (23) | 79 (26) | 78 (26) | 70 (21) | 59 (15) | 47 (8) | 36 (2) | 56 (13) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 10 (−12) | 14 (−10) | 23 (−5) | 33 (1) | 44 (7) | 53 (12) | 59 (15) | 58 (14) | 50 (10) | 38 (3) | 30 (−1) | 18 (−8) | 36 (2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −49 (−45) | −25 (−32) | −10 (−23) | 13 (−11) | 27 (−3) | 34 (1) | 37 (3) | 37 (3) | 28 (−2) | 18 (−8) | 1 (−17) | −21 (−29) | −49 (−45) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.72 (94) | 3.55 (90) | 4.37 (111) | 4.74 (120) | 4.52 (115) | 4.17 (106) | 4.00 (102) | 3.30 (84) | 4.23 (107) | 4.94 (125) | 5.62 (143) | 4.07 (103) | 51.23 (1,300) |
| Source: weather.com[12] | |||||||||||||
Neighboring cities and towns edit
Demographics edit
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1790 | 1,357 | — | |
| 1800 | 1,809 | 33.3% | |
| 1810 | 2,682 | 48.3% | |
| 1820 | 2,931 | 9.3% | |
| 1830 | 3,547 | 21.0% | |
| 1840 | 4,259 | 20.1% | |
| 1850 | 4,977 | 16.9% | |
| 1860 | 4,723 | −5.1% | |
| 1870 | 4,687 | −0.8% | |
| 1880 | 5,384 | 14.9% | |
| 1890 | 6,012 | 11.7% | |
| 1900 | 6,806 | 13.2% | |
| 1910 | 6,621 | −2.7% | |
| 1920 | 7,261 | 9.7% | |
| 1930 | 7,604 | 4.7% | |
| 1940 | 8,658 | 13.9% | |
| 1950 | 10,996 | 27.0% | |
| 1960 | 15,797 | 43.7% | |
| 1970 | 16,195 | 2.5% | |
| 1980 | 17,366 | 7.2% | |
| 1990 | 20,906 | 20.4% | |
| 2000 | 21,172 | 1.3% | |
| 2010 | 20,278 | −4.2% | |
| 2020 | 21,756 | 7.3% | |
| [13][14][15] | |||
As of 2000, the median income for a household in the town was $40,402; and the median income for a family was $49,088. Males had a median income of $32,141 versus $24,927 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,322. About 5.0% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.6% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.
2010 census edit
As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 15,175 people, 7,183 households, and 6,498 families residing in the census-designated place of Brunswick. The population density was 433.9 inhabitants per square mile (167.5/km2). There were 9,599 housing units at an average density of 205.4 per square mile (79.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 93.0% White, 1.7% African American, 0.3% Native American, 2.1% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.9% of the population.
There were 8,469 households, of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them; 44.7% were married couples living together; 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present; 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present; and 42.3% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.83.
The median age in the town was 41.4 years. 19.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 14.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.1% male and 52.9% female.
Education edit
The Brunswick School Department operates the town's public schools, including:
- Brunswick High School
- Brunswick Junior High School
- Kate Furbish Elementary School
- Harriet Beecher Stowe Elementary School
- REAL School
- Region 10 Technical High School
Other local educational institutions include:
- Children's School of Arts & Science
- Saint John's Catholic School
- Bowdoin College
- Southern Maine Community College Midcoast Campus
The Growstown School, on Woodside Road, is the last remaining of the town's formerly twenty-six one-room schoolhouses.
Sites of interest edit
Infrastructure edit
Transportation edit
The town is served by Interstate 295, U.S. Routes 1 and 201, and Maine State Route 24, Maine State Route 123 and Maine State Route 196.
Amtrak's Downeaster train service terminates at Brunswick Maine Street Station and connects the town to the Portland Transportation Center and Boston's North Station.
Greater Portland Metro provides several trips a day between the Portland Transportation Center and Brunswick Maine Street Station with its Metro Breez bus service. A local bus service is provided by Brunswick Link.
Notable people edit
- John Stevens Cabot Abbott, clergyman and author
- Daniel Ankeles, state legislator[16]
- Poppy Arford, state legislator
- Dale Arnold, sportscaster, co-host of the WEEI-FM Dale & Holley (with Keefe) Show and the Boston Bruins pre and postgame shows on NESN; resided in Brunswick
- Austin Cary, forester, lived on Gurnet Road
- Fanny Chamberlain, wife of Joshua Chamberlain
- Joshua Chamberlain, Civil War–era general and 32nd governor of Maine
- Walter Christie, author
- Robert P. T. Coffin, poet
- Alexander Cornell du Houx, state legislator
- Scott Cowger, state legislator
- Elizabeth W. Crandall, environmental and women's rights activist
- Robert L. Dale, Pilot in Antarctica, Dale Glacier namesake
- Robert P. Dunlap, congressman, 11th governor of Maine
- Charles Carroll Everett, theologian
- Stanley Gerzofsky, state legislator
- John Gould, reporter, columnist
- Frederic Aldin Hall, professor, school chancellor
- Joshua Herrick, congressman
- Graeme K., musician
- Angus King, U.S. Senator, 72nd governor of Maine
- Lady Lamb, musician
- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, poet
- Cynthia Lord, children's author
- Stump Merrill, baseball player
- Karen Mills, Administrator of Small Business Administration, cabinet-level position
- Ralph Mims, basketball player
- Benjamin Orr, congressman
- Alpheus Spring Packard, professor
- George Palmer Putnam, publisher
- Luke Rathborne, musician
- John Rankin Rogers, third Governor of the state of Washington
- Mark Rogers, pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers
- Patricia E. Ryan, human rights advocate and women's rights lobbyist
- Arthur A. Small, Iowa state legislator and lawyer
- Harriet Beecher Stowe, abolitionist, author
- Brigadier Samuel Thompson, Revolutionary War soldier
- Grant Tremblay, astrophysicist
- George J. Varney, author and historian
- Dan Walters, baseball player and police officer
- Robert Zildjian, founder of Sabian cymbals
References edit
- ^ a b "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. from the original on December 20, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
- ^ "Population, Census, April 1, 2020 Brunswick, ME". U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts.
- ^ Drake, The Border Wars of New England. p. 66
- ^ Drake, p. 67
- ^ Drake, p. 69
- ^ a b Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts: A.J. Coolidge. pp. 75–77.
coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.
- ^ Varney, George J. (1886), Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Brunswick, Boston: Russell, archived from the original on February 1, 2013
- ^ "Historical Sketch of Brunswick, Maine (1889)". rays-place.com. Archived from the original on February 1, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
- ^ a b Southern Midcoast Maine Chamber of Commerce November 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pope, Sarah Dillard. "Aboard the Underground Railroad-- Harriet Beecher Stowe House--Maine". www.nps.gov. from the original on September 2, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
- ^ "Monthly Averages for Brunswick, Maine". Weather.com. The Weather Channel. from the original on June 5, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2013.
- ^ . Archived from the original on May 20, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
- ^ "University of Virginia Library". mapserver.lib.virginia.edu. from the original on August 11, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
- ^ "Representative Daniel Ankeles". legislature.maine.gov. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
Further reading edit
- History of Brunswick, Topsham, and Harpswell, Maine Including Ancient Pejebscot. By George Augustus Wheeler and Henry Warren Wheeler. Published 1878. Full image at books.google.
External links edit
- Town of Brunswick official website
- Curtis Memorial Library
- New Meadows Watershed Partnership
- Brunswick and Topsham Water District
- Brunswick travel guide from Wikivoyage
Gallery edit
- Brunswick Falls c. 1912
- Class of 1903 Gates at Bowdoin c. 1920
- Massachusetts Hall at Bowdoin in 1907
- Merrymeeting Park Casino c. 1905
- One of the middle-class New England homes in Brunswick
- Brunswick Town Hall
- U.S. Post Office in Brunswick
- An example of Gothic Revival architecture, the First Parish United Church of Christ at 207 Maine Street in Brunswick (founded 1845), was added in 1969 to the National Register of Historic Places.