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Wikipedia

Brunswick, Georgia

January 13, 2023

Brunswick (/ˈbrʌnzwɪk/) is a city in and the county seat of Glynn County in the U.S. state of Georgia.[4] As the primary urban and economic center of the lower southeast portion of Georgia, it is the second-largest urban area on the Georgia coastline after Savannah and contains the Brunswick Old Town Historic District. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of the city proper was 15,210;[5] the Brunswick metropolitan area's population as of 2020 was 113,495.[6]

Brunswick, Georgia
City
From top, left to right: Sidney Lanier Bridge, Old Brunswick City Hall, College of Coastal Georgia, Ritz Theatre, Glynn Academy, St. Athanasius Episcopal Church, Downtown
Flag
Seal
Nicknames: 
"Port City"
"Shrimp Capital of the World"
Location in Glynn County and the state of Georgia
Coordinates: 31°8′59″N 81°29′29″W / 31.14972°N 81.49139°W / 31.14972; -81.49139Coordinates: 31°8′59″N 81°29′29″W / 31.14972°N 81.49139°W / 31.14972; -81.49139
CountryUnited States
StateGeorgia
CountyGlynn
Settled1738
Founded1771
Incorporated1856
Government
 • TypeCouncil-Manager
 • MayorCosby H. Johnson
 • Mayor pro temFelicia Harris
 • CommissionJohnny Cason
Julie Martin
Kendra Rolle
 • ManagerRegina M. McDuffie
Area
[1]
 • City25.09 sq mi (64.99 km2)
 • Land17.02 sq mi (44.08 km2)
 • Water8.07 sq mi (20.91 km2)
 • Metro
1,286 sq mi (3,332 km2)
 • CCD42.4 sq mi (109.8 km2)
Elevation
14 ft (4 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • City15,210
 • Density893.71/sq mi (345.06/km2)
 • Metro
112,370
 • Metro density87/sq mi (33.7/km2)
 • CCD
33,555
 • CCD density1,037/sq mi (400.3/km2)
DemonymBrunswickian
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP codes
31520-31525, 31527, 31561
Area code912
FIPS code13-11560[2]
GNIS feature ID0354878[3]
Websitewww.brunswickga.org

Established as "Brunswick" after the German Duchy of Brunswick–Lüneburg, the ancestral home of the House of Hanover, the municipal community was incorporated as a city in 1856. Throughout its history, Brunswick has served as an important port city; in World War II, for example, it served as a strategic military location with an operational base for escort blimps and a shipbuilding facility for the U.S. Maritime Commission. Since then, its port has served numerous economic purposes.

Brunswick supports a progressive economy largely based on tourism and logistics, with a metropolitan GDP of $3.9 billion as of 2013.[7] The Port of Brunswick handles approximately 10 percent of all U.S. roll-on/roll-off trade—third in the U.S., behind the ports of Los Angeles and Newark.[8][9][10][11] The headquarters of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center is located 5 miles (8 km) north of the central business district of the city and is adjacent to Brunswick Golden Isles Airport, which provides commercial air service to the area.

Brunswick is located on a harbor of the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 40 mi (60 km) north of Florida and 80 mi (130 km) south of South Carolina. Brunswick is bordered on the west by Oglethorpe Bay, the East River, and the Turtle River. It is bordered on the south by the Brunswick River and on the east by the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway in the Mackay River, which separates it from the Golden Isles.

History

Main article: History of Brunswick, Georgia
 
Original town plan (1771)

The Mocama, a Timucua-speaking people, lived in and cultivated the lands in what is now Brunswick.[12] The Spanish established missions in Timucuan villages beginning in 1568.[13] During this time, much of the Native American population was depleted through enslavement and disease.[12] When the Province of Carolina was founded in 1663, the British claimed all lands south to the 31st parallel north,[14] but little colonization occurred south of the Altamaha River as the Spanish also claimed this land.[15] Three years after the Province of Georgia was founded in 1733, James Oglethorpe had the town of Frederica built on St. Simons Island, challenging Spaniards who laid claim to the island.[16] The Spanish were driven out of the province after British victories in the battles of Bloody Marsh and Gully Hole Creek in 1742;[16] it was not until the Treaty of Paris of 1763 that Spain's threat to the province was formally ended, when all lands north of the St. Marys River and south of the Savannah River were designated as Georgia.[17][18]

 
An 1864 map of Brunswick and the surrounding area

The area's first European settler, Mark Carr, arrived in 1738.[19] Carr, a Scotsman, was a captain in Oglethorpe's Marine Boat Company.[20] Upon landing, he established his 1,000-acre (400 ha) tobacco plantation, which he called "Plug Point", along the East and Brunswick rivers.[18][20] The Province of Georgia purchased Carr's fields in 1771 and laid out the town of Brunswick in the grid plan akin to that of Savannah, with large, public squares at given intervals.[21] The town was named for the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Germany, the ancestral home of George III and the House of Hanover.[21] Brunswick was a rectangular tract of land consisting of 383.5 acres (155.2 ha).[18] The first lot was granted on June 30, 1772; 179 lots were granted in the first three years.[18] However, about this time Brunswick lost most of its citizens, many of whom were Loyalists, to East Florida, the Caribbean Basin, and the United Kingdom for protection during the American Revolutionary War.[18][22] From 1783 to 1788 a number of these lots were regranted and there collected in Brunswick a few families who desired proper education for their children.[18] By the act of the General Assembly on February 1, 1788, eight town commissioners were appointed and Glynn Academy was chartered, the funding of which was to come from the sales of town lots. Brunswick was recognized as an official port of entry in 1789 by an act of the United States Congress.[23][24] In 1797 the General Assembly transferred the seat of Glynn County from Frederica to Brunswick.[nb 1][25]

At the end of the eighteenth century, a large tract of land surrounding Brunswick on three sides had been laid off and designated as Commons.[18] Commissioners were named in 1796 to support these efforts.[18] The General Assembly authorized them to sell 500 acres (200 ha) of Commons, one-half of the proceeds to go to the construction of the courthouse and jail and one-half to the support of the academy.[18] In 1819 the commissioners erected a suitable building for school purposes on the southeastern corner of Reynolds and L streets.[18] This was the first public building in Brunswick.[26] It was abandoned four years later, but a new building was erected on Hillsborough Square in 1840 using Commons proceeds.[18] A courthouse and jail were built around this time.[18][25][26]

The town was officially incorporated as a city on February 22, 1856.[26][27] It was at this time that state representative Jacob Moore in conjunction with others conspired to control the Commons, and any proceeds that might be had from sales. Moore managed to persuade the Georgia General Assembly to pass legislation giving him control over significant amounts of local real estate. This precipitated a period of strife, pitting the powerful interests, headed by Rep. Moore, against the common citizenry. It was into this turmoil that Carey Wentworth Styles appeared, in 1857, when he moved his family to Brunswick from Edgefield, South Carolina. Styles, an attorney, was attracted to the area by news of the civil strife. As one observer later wrote, the citizens of Brunswick were in "need of a defender".[28]

Styles quickly became embroiled in the dispute, siding with the citizenry. He announced his intention to run for mayor, and organized a mass protest rally for the evening of December 24. In spite of bad weather, a crowd gathered at the protest point, where Styles delivered an impassioned speech against the powerful interests, and the legislative act giving them the power to seize local property. Styles called the legislation "dishonorable", at which point Moore (the bill's sponsor and beneficiary) jumped to his feet and shouted at Styles, calling the accusation a "falsehood". In the official testimony on file in the Glynn County courthouse, Styles is said to have yelled back at Moore, saying "You are a damned liar!", to which Moore replied "You are a damneder liar!". Gunfire ensued, resulting in the death of Moore. Witness accounts had Moore firing first, and though Styles was subsequently arrested for manslaughter, the charges were eventually dropped.[28] On March 1, 1858, Styles was elected mayor of Brunswick.[28][29] Some years later, Styles moved to Atlanta, where he founded The Atlanta Constitution.[30] In November 1879, nineteen years after he left, Styles returned to Brunswick, where he established the local weekly Seaport Appeal.[28] When that eventually failed, Styles moved to Texas, never to see Brunswick again.

By 1860 Brunswick had a population of 468, a bank, a weekly newspaper, and a sawmill which employed nine workers.[26]

Brunswick was abandoned during the American Civil War when citizens were ordered to evacuate. The city, like many others in the South, suffered from post-war depression. After one of the nation's largest lumber mills began operation on nearby St. Simons Island, economic prosperity returned. Rail lines were constructed from Brunswick to inland Georgia, which stimulated a sawmill boom, said to average one mill every two miles, along with the new industrial corridor.[31] In his book The New South Comes to Wiregrass Georgia, 1860–1910 author Mark V. Wetherington states that from Eastman, former Quartermaster General Ira R. Foster "shipped lumber to Brunswick, where it was loaded onto timber schooners and transported to international markets like Liverpool, Rio de Janeiro, and Havana."[31] Unlike many other southern cities during the Reconstruction period, Brunswick experienced an economic boom.

In 1878, poet and native Georgian Sidney Lanier, who sought relief from tuberculosis in Brunswick's climate, wrote "The Marshes of Glynn", a poem based on the salt marshes that span Glynn County. The December 1888 issue of Harper's Weekly predicted that "Brunswick by the Sea" was destined to become the "winter Newport of America." Jekyll Island had become a resort destination for some of the era's most influential families (most notably Rockefellers, Vanderbilts, Pulitzers, and Goodyears) who arrived by train or yacht.

A yellow fever epidemic began in 1893, which heralded a decade of hardships for the city; it was flooded in 1893 when a modern-day Category 3 hurricane (today known as the Sea Islands Hurricane) paralleled the coast of Georgia before hitting South Carolina. The storm left the city under 6 feet (1.8 m) of water.[32] A Category 4 hurricane hit Cumberland Island just south of Brunswick in October 1898,[33] which caused a 16-foot (4.9 m) storm surge in the city.[32] As a result, 179 were killed.[32][34]

Construction of an electric streetcar line began in 1909 and was completed in 1911.[35] Tracks were located in the center of several city streets. In July 1924, the F.J. Torras Causeway, the roadway between Brunswick and St. Simons Island, was completed,[36] and passenger boat service from Brunswick to St. Simons Island was terminated.[35] By 1926, the electric streetcar line in Brunswick was discontinued; the decline of the streetcar systems coincided with the rise of the automobile.[35]

 
A Liberty Ship is launched from Brunswick.

In World War II, Brunswick served as a strategic military location. German U-boats threatened the coast of the southern United States, and blimps became a common sight as they patrolled the coastal areas. During the war, blimps from Brunswick's Naval Air Station Glynco (at the time, the largest blimp base in the world) safely escorted almost 100,000 ships without a single vessel lost to enemy submarines.[37]

In World War II, Brunswick boomed as over 16,000 workers of the J.A. Jones Construction Company produced ninety-nine Liberty ships and "Knot" ships (type C1-M ships which were designed for short coastal runs, and most often named for knots for the U.S. Maritime Commission to transport materiel to the European and Pacific theatres.[38]

The first ship was the SS James M. Wayne (named after James Moore Wayne), whose keel was laid on July 6, 1942, and which was launched on March 13, 1943.[39] The last ship was the SS Coastal Ranger, whose keel was laid on June 7, 1945, and which was launched on August 25, 1945.[39] The first six ships took 305 to 331 days each to complete,[39] but soon production ramped up and most of the remaining ships were built in about two months, bringing the average down to 89 days each. By November 1943, about four ships were launched per month. The SS William F. Jerman was completed in only 34 days in November and December 1944.[39] Six ships could be under construction in slipways at one time.[40]

Geography

 
 
Brunswick in relation to its closest urban areas within 500 miles (800 km) with a population greater than 1 million, as well as Savannah for reference

The city of Brunswick is located in southeastern Georgia, approximately halfway between Jacksonville, Florida and Savannah. The city is located at the apex of the bight of the Georgia coast, the westernmost point on the Atlantic seaboard, and is naturally sheltered by two barrier islands, Jekyll and St. Simons. The city is situated on a peninsula with the East River and the Turtle River to the west, the Brunswick River to the south,[41] and the Mackay River with the Intracoastal Waterway to the east. An abundance of salt marshes separates the city from the Intracoastal Waterway, which passes between Brunswick and the barrier islands. The East River separates Brunswick from Andrews Island, a dredge spoil site.[42][43]

The city is the lowest in the U.S. state of Georgia, with an elevation of only 10 to 14 feet (3.0 to 4.3 m) above sea level.[44][45] According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Brunswick's land area is 32.4 square miles (83.8 km2). Its total area is 42.4 square miles (109.8 km2); 10.0 square miles (26.0 km2) of this is water.[46]

Climate

Brunswick's climate is classified as humid subtropical (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification system).[47] During the summer months, it is common for the temperature to reach over 90 °F (32 °C). However, the humidity results in a heat index higher than the actual temperature. Summer mornings average nearly 90 percent humidity and nearly 60 percent in the afternoon.[48] Scattered afternoon thunderstorms are common in the summer. The hottest temperature ever recorded in Brunswick was 106 °F (41 °C) in 1986.[49] Winters in Brunswick are fairly temperate. The average high in January, the coldest month, is 63 °F (17 °C), while the average low is 44 °F (7 °C).[49] Snowfall is very rare. The last snow accumulation in Brunswick was on December 23, 1989.[50] The coldest temperature ever recorded in Brunswick was 5 °F (−15 °C) on January 21, 1985, and January 30, 1966.[49]

Brunswick receives a high amount of rainfall annually, averaging about 49.6 inches (1,260 mm). The wettest months are August and September, the peak of hurricane season.[49] The city has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other East Coast cities. A major hurricane has not made landfall on the Georgia coast since 1898,[51] and the only hurricane that has hit the coast since then was Hurricane David in 1979.[51] However, the city has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions several times due to storms passing through Florida from the Gulf of Mexico and entering Georgia or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing the area.[52]

Climate data for Brunswick, Georgia (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1895–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 86
(30) 		89
(32) 		99
(37) 		99
(37) 		101
(38) 		104
(40) 		106
(41) 		103
(39) 		101
(38) 		95
(35) 		89
(32) 		87
(31) 		106
(41)
Average high °F (°C) 61.0
(16.1) 		64.3
(17.9) 		70.1
(21.2) 		76.3
(24.6) 		83.0
(28.3) 		87.5
(30.8) 		90.3
(32.4) 		88.8
(31.6) 		84.3
(29.1) 		77.5
(25.3) 		69.2
(20.7) 		63.3
(17.4) 		76.3
(24.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 52.5
(11.4) 		55.7
(13.2) 		61.3
(16.3) 		67.7
(19.8) 		75.0
(23.9) 		80.2
(26.8) 		82.8
(28.2) 		81.9
(27.7) 		78.2
(25.7) 		70.3
(21.3) 		61.0
(16.1) 		55.1
(12.8) 		68.5
(20.3)
Average low °F (°C) 44.0
(6.7) 		47.0
(8.3) 		52.6
(11.4) 		59.2
(15.1) 		67.1
(19.5) 		72.9
(22.7) 		75.3
(24.1) 		75.1
(23.9) 		72.0
(22.2) 		63.1
(17.3) 		52.9
(11.6) 		46.9
(8.3) 		60.7
(15.9)
Record low °F (°C) 5
(−15) 		13
(−11) 		21
(−6) 		34
(1) 		35
(2) 		51
(11) 		58
(14) 		61
(16) 		45
(7) 		36
(2) 		21
(−6) 		11
(−12) 		5
(−15)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.54
(90) 		3.06
(78) 		3.80
(97) 		3.07
(78) 		3.04
(77) 		6.35
(161) 		4.94
(125) 		6.95
(177) 		6.26
(159) 		4.60
(117) 		2.03
(52) 		2.65
(67) 		50.29
(1,277)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 8.2 8.3 7.8 6.5 7.0 12.2 10.6 13.3 10.1 7.7 5.4 7.3 104.4
Source: NOAA[53][54]

Environment

The Brunswick area has four Superfund sites, formerly home to heavily contaminated toxic waste sites: the LCP Chemicals site, Brunswick Wood Preserving,[55] the Hercules 009 Landfill,[56] and the Terry Creek Dredge Spoil Areas/Hercules Outfall.[57] Research published in 2011 revealed that bottlenose dolphins that fed in the estuaries near these Superfund sites had the highest concentration of PCBs of any mammal in the world.[58]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
181036—
1860825—
18702,348184.6%
18802,89123.1%
18908,459192.6%
19009,0817.4%
191010,18212.1%
192014,41341.6%
193014,022−2.7%
194015,0357.2%
195017,95419.4%
196021,70320.9%
197019,585−9.8%
198017,605−10.1%
199016,433−6.7%
200015,600−5.1%
201015,383−1.4%
202015,210−1.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[59]

In 2000, the city of Brunswick had 15,600 people, 6,085 households, and 3,681 families living in the city, down from the city's initial historic high of 21,703 in 1960.[2] There were 6,952 housing units at an average density of 403.8 per square mile (155.9/km2). At the 2010 United States census, there were 15,383 people living within the city; experiencing population fluctuations since, the 2020 U.S. census reported a population of 15,210 people, 6,486 households, and 3,781 families residing in the city.[5]

Among the city's population between 2015 and 2020, the American Community Survey estimated a median age of 34.8, down from 2000's 35 years.[60] Approximately 16.7% of the population were from under 5 years of age to 5 to 9 years; 20.5% were from 15 to 29 years of age; and 16.5% were aged 65 and older. For every 100 females, there were 80 males, and there was a child-dependency ratio of 46.6.

At the 2000 census, the median income for a household in the city was $22,272, and the median income for a family was $28,564. Males had a median income of $26,172 versus $18,602 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,062. About 25.2% of families and 30.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.9% of those under age 18 and 21.7% of those ages 65 or over.[2] By 2020, the median household income was $27,471 with a mean of $57,395.[61] Among families, the median income was $29,953 with a mean of $53,434; married-couple families had a median income of $63,301; and non-family households had a median income of $22,163 with a mean of $59,980.

The median monthly costs for occupied-housing units and renter-owned units was $718 in 2020;[62] for homeowners with a mortgage, the median value of their single-family detached homes was $117,400 and the monthly costs were $1,068.[63] The median real estate taxes paid among homeowners in the city was $951. Among the growing metropolitan statistical areas of Georgia, Brunswick has one of the lowest costs of living in contrast with Atlanta and its metropolitan region.

Race and ethnicity

Brunswick racial and ethnic composition as of 2020[5]
Race Num. Perc.
White (non-Hispanic) 4,622 30.39%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 8,548 56.2%
Native American 24 0.16%
Asian 55 0.36%
Pacific Islander 6 0.04%
Other/Mixed 511 3.36%
Hispanic or Latino 1,444 9.49%

Brunswick, like most of the United States, has had a traditional population from a predominantly non-Hispanic white, Anglo American background. With the diversification of the nation and state of Georgia, by 2000 its racial and ethnic makeup was 59.8% Black or African American, 33.1% White (non-Hispanic whites), 0.3% American Indian or Alaska Native, 0.4% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.7% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race were 5.8% of the population. At the 2020 census, the racial and ethnic makeup was 56.2% Black or African American, 30.39% non-Hispanic white, 0.16% American Indian or Alaska Native, 0.36% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.36% multiracial, and 9.49% Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race. Per 2008 estimates, the top five ancestry groups in the city were American (5.3%), English (5.1%), Subsarahan African (4.3%), Irish (4.1%), and German (3.6%).[64] Approximately 54.1% of the population reported another ancestry.[64]

Religion

 
St. Mark's Episcopal Church

According to Sperling's BestPlaces, approximately 56.3% of the city's population identify with a religion as of 2020.[65] Typical of those traditionally placed within the Bible Belt and conservative American South, the majority of the religiously-affiliated population identify as Christians. The single largest Christian tradition within the city and metropolitan area are Baptists (15.7%), primarily divided into the National Baptist Convention and Southern Baptist Convention among others;[66][67][68] in contrast, the largest single Christian denomination has been the Roman Catholic Church and its Diocese of Savannah (6.8%).[69]

Following, Methodism was the second largest tradition (12.3%) and Pentecostalism was the third largest Christian tradition in the area (8.2%), notably served through the Assemblies of God and Church of God.[70][71] Other prominent Christian communities operating with a substantial presence in the city and area have also been Presbyterians, Episcopalians or Anglicans of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States and Continuing Anglicanism, Lutherans, etc. Among non-mainstream Christianity, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints makes up 1.5% of the faithful as of 2020.

Outside of local Christendom, the second-largest religion practiced or adhered to in the area has been Judaism, and collectively, Eastern religions such as Buddhism or Hinduism made up 0.3% of the population. The largest Jewish movement within the city has been Reform Judaism, spread throughout the historic Temple Beth Tefilloh, founded in 1886.[72]

Economy

 
The building that was used as a welcome center
 
Ship off the coast of Brunswick

The Port of Brunswick forms a vital part of the city's economy.[73] It is recognized as one of the most productive ports on the East Coast and is the sixth-busiest automobile port in the United States;[74][75][76] it is the primary export facility for two of the three United States traditional automotive manufacturers: Ford and General Motors.[77] The port is also the primary export facility for Mercedes-Benz.[78][79][80] The port serves as the central import facility for Hyundai, Jaguar, Kia, Land Rover, Mitsubishi, Porsche, and Volvo.[75][81][82][83] Audi, BMW, and Volkswagen utilize the port as a facility for imports as well.[84][85][86] International Auto Processing is one of the town's largest employers.[87] In addition to automobiles, exports include agricultural products and other bulk cargoes.

The port is operated by the Georgia Ports Authority and features four separate terminals: Colonel's Island RoRo, Colonel's Island Agri-bulk, Mayor's Point, and Marine Port.[88] Mayor's Point is the only terminal located within the city.[89] The Colonel's Island and Marine Port terminals are located southwest of the city.[90]

The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), a large agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security, is headquartered in Glynco, north of the city.[91] A study conducted by Georgia Tech identified FLETC as the largest employer in Glynn County;[92] it was further determined that FLETC's annual localized economic impact is in excess of $600 million.[92]

Southeast Georgia Health System is the largest private employer in Brunswick.[87] Other major employers in Brunswick include King & Prince Seafood, GSI Commerce, Pinova and Gulfstream Aerospace.[87] Wood pulp is produced by the Georgia-Pacific mill in Brunswick.[93] The mill, which has been in operation since 1937, has the capability to produce over 800,000 metric tons of cellulose each year.[94] Additionally, it is the largest single-site fluff production facility in the world.[94] Hercules, a manufacturer, and marketer of chemical specialties operates a production facility on the north side of Brunswick.[95] Jet aircraft manufacturer Gulfstream Aerospace has a presence at the city's airport.[96]

Tourism is the single largest industry in the city and the county.[41] Brunswick and the Golden Isles are a year-round resort community.[97] The islands' beaches, resorts, shops, and historic sites annually attract visitors from around the world.[97] President George W. Bush hosted the G8 summit in 2004 on Sea Island.[98]

Culture

Arts and theatre

 
The Ritz Theatre

Brunswick is home to a variety of arts and cultural events. The most significant professional performing-arts group is the Coastal Symphony of Georgia, in existence since 1982, which stages productions each year at Glynn Academy's Memorial Auditorium. This group of professional musicians also has a Youth Symphony division and a fundraising auxiliary.[99]

Old Town Brunswick's historic and ornate Ritz Theatre hosts a range of performances. Renovated in the early 1980s and again in 2000 through 2001, the Ritz is home to the Golden Isles Arts and Humanities Association, the coordinating arts council for Brunswick and Glynn County. The association hosts an annual performing arts series and rents space to individual producers and organizations.[100]

The city is home to various art galleries. Art Downtown is a cultural arts center featuring a fine art gallery, studio, and production company. It is home to the Brunswick Actors' Theatre.[101] The Gallery on Newcastle is home to a display of scenes from coastal Georgia's marshes.[102]

Along Union Street is a collection of 19th and early 20th-century Victorian mansions. Each December the Magnolia Garden Club tours select Union Street homes in addition to other areas in historic Brunswick as part of its Christmas Tour of Homes.[103]

Cuisine

 
The city claims to be the place of origin of Brunswick stew.

The city lays claim to Brunswick stew, a tomato-based stew containing various types of lima beans, corn, okra, and other vegetables, and one or more types of meat.[104] Most recipes claiming authenticity call for squirrel or rabbit meat, but chicken, pork, and beef are also common ingredients.[105] A twenty-five-gallon (95 L) iron pot outside the city bears a plaque declaring the stew was first cooked there in 1898.[106] The Brunswick Rockin' Stewbilee, held annually in October, features a stew-tasting contest where visitors sample over 50 teams' stews.[107] The Stewbilee became famous when the city invited Brunswick County, Virginia, to the festival for a stew cookoff in the 1980s, which led the Brunswick "Stew Wars" to be featured in Southern Living.[108]

Brunswick is the center of Georgia's shrimping industry.[109] The city was once called "The Shrimp Capital of the World",[110][111][112] but in recent times, production has been far below average.[113] Nevertheless, nearby Jekyll Island hosts the Wild Georgia Shrimp & Grits Festival in September.[114] Apart from shrimping, the area is also the center of Georgia's crab and oyster industries.[115][116]

Sports

The College of Coastal Georgia has an active collegiate sports program. The local high schools compete in the Georgia High School Association's quad-A Region 2 sporting events. From 1950 to 2007, Brunswick served host to the Golden Isles Bowl Classic, one of the most prestigious junior college football bowl games in the country. Scholastic and intramural sports are held at school and park facilities around the city. Glynn County Stadium and Lanier Field are two sports stadiums available in the city.

Golden Isles Speedway, a 5⁄8 mile (1 km) race track, is located in western Glynn County, approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of the city.[117]

The PGA Tour holds the RSM Classic every year at the Seaside Course on Sea Island. The area is famous for its golf resorts. In 2008 Sea Island was ranked the number-one destination for business meetings and golf by Golf Digest and USA Today.[118] Sea Island was also ranked number-one among the best golf resorts in North America by Golf Digest.[118] There are three golf courses located just north of the city,[119] and combined with Jekyll, St. Simons, and Sea islands, there are 252 holes of golf in the Brunswick area.[119]

The Brunswick area is home to two out of three publicly accessible beaches in the state.[120] Brunswick is the gateway city to Jekyll and St. Simons islands; both are accessible via automobile only by causeways from the city.[121] The islands, known colloquially as the Golden Isles, feature white-sand public beaches and are popular destinations for tourists and local citizens.

In 1906 the city was home to a Class D-level minor league baseball team, the River Snipes, a team shared with Columbus as part of the inaugural season of the Georgia State League.[122] The league went defunct following that season.[122] In 1913 the Brunswick Pilots debuted as part of the short-lived Empire State League, before joining the Georgia State League in 1914, and the Florida–Alabama–Georgia League in 1915.[122] The Pilots stopped play following the 1915 season.[122] Thirty-six years passed before Brunswick had another professional baseball team. In 1951 the Brunswick Pirates, a Class D minor league affiliate of the major league Pittsburgh Pirates, began to play in the Georgia–Florida League, beginning eight years of presence in the city.[122] The Pirates won league championships in 1954 and 1955.[123][124] In 1957 the Pirates became affiliates of the Philadelphia Phillies, respectively adopting the name Brunswick Phillies.[122] Following the 1958 season, the Phillies ceased to play.[122] Brunswick was home to the Cardinals of the Georgia–Florida League in 1962 and 1963 before the league disbanded in 1963.[122][125]

Parks and recreation

 
Lover's Oak in Old Town
 
The Dart House (1877), which was used by the Chamber of Commerce.[126] It was listed is a Place in Peril[127] and was demolished in 2017.

The Brunswick Parks and Recreation Department operates city parks and squares.[128] Six city squares were part of Brunswick's original 1771 Town Plan. The two largest central squares were Wright and Hanover. Though half of Wright Square was built on by a middle school in the 1950s, the square was recently returned to its original size with George Street removed through the middle. Five of the six still exist today, with Hillsboro Square converted into the campus of Glynn Academy High School.[129] There are also two additional squares located within the city, Orange, and Palmetto.[128] Numerous parks exist in the city, the largest being Howard Coffin Park.[128] The parks include features such as playgrounds, baseball fields, softball fields, soccer fields, basketball courts, and picnic areas. Coffin Park includes a walking track. The district also owns the Roosevelt Lawrence Community Center, a center equipped with popular and traditional recreational game tables, two classrooms, and a multi-purpose gymnasium.[128]

The Brunswick area is rich in live oak trees, particularly the Southern live oak. Such is the quality of the live oak trees in the Brunswick and the Golden Isles area that Revolutionary warships such as the USS Constitution (nicknamed Old Ironsides) were clad in St. Simons Island oak planks. Brunswick has a notable live oak named Lover's Oak (located at Prince and Albany streets).[130] As of 2005, it is approximately 900 years old.[131] According to the State of Georgia and American Indian folklore, Native American braves and their maidens would meet under the oak.[131] Another notable oak, Lanier's Oak, is notable as being the location where poet Sidney Lanier, on one of his visits to Brunswick, was inspired to write "The Marshes of Glynn".[132]

Blythe Island Regional Park is located on Blythe Island within the city.[133]

Government

 
Frank Scarlett Federal Building (Post Office and Federal Court), on the National Register of Historic Places

Brunswick uses the council-manager model of municipal government.[134] The city commission consists of five individuals, including the mayor, elected on a plurality-at-large basis. Commissioners constitute the legislative body of the city and, as a group, are responsible for taxation, appropriations, ordinances, and other general functions. The mayor of Brunswick is Cornell Harvey, who was elected in 2014 and is the first African-American mayor of Brunswick.[135]

The city is divided into two wards with each ward electing two city commission representatives. The mayor serves as an at-large commissioner and chairperson. The commission meets twice each month at Old City Hall in Old Town.[134] The city commission appoints a city manager to serve at will for an infinite term. The main duty of the manager is to implement policy set by the city commission and manage the operations of the city on a daily basis. The city manager is to see that all laws, provisions of the city charter, and any acts of the city commission are executed and enforced. The city manager of Brunswick is Regina McDuffie.[136]

In November 2008, Mayor Thompson and the city commission of Brunswick traveled to Ganzhou to strengthen ties between the two cities.[137] Ganzhou, a city with a population of 8.5 million, reciprocated, sending a delegation to Brunswick where an official sister city agreement was signed at Old Brunswick City Hall on April 3, 2009.[138][139]

Education

Higher education

 
College of Coastal Georgia

Brunswick is home to the College of Coastal Georgia,[140] which has more than 3,000 enrolled students.[141] Since 1961, the college had been a two-year institution, but in 2008, the college began its transition to a four-year institution.[142] The college is currently a state college within the University System of Georgia, with bachelor's degree programs in education, business, and nursing sciences, and other associate degree programs designed to prepare students to transfer to senior colleges and universities.[143]

Primary and secondary schools

 
Brunswick High School

The Glynn County School System is the governing authority of public schools in the city.[144] More than 12,000 students attend schools in the school system.[145] There are ten elementary schools, four middle schools, and two high schools: Brunswick High School and Glynn Academy.[144][145] Glynn Academy, the second-oldest public high school in the American South and the sixth-oldest public high school in the United States,[146] was founded in 1788 by an act of the Georgia General Assembly.[147] Brunswick High School opened in 1967.[148] Specialized institutions include a career-technical academy.

There are several private schools operating in the area.[149] In the city, there is one Catholic school and one Seventh-day Adventist school.[150][151] There are also Baptist, Pentecostal, and non-denominational Christian schools north of the city, such as Heritage Christian Academy.[152][153][154] On St. Simons Island, there is a Presbyterian school.[155][156] Several smaller Christian schools in Brunswick offer high school education.

Media

 
The Brunswick News, the city's locally published daily newspaper

The Brunswick News is one of two major daily newspapers serving Brunswick;[157] the other is The Georgia Times-Union, a subsidiary of the Jacksonville-based Florida Times-Union.[158] Brunswick has one free weekly newspaper delivered to most homes in Glynn County, The Harbor Sound (a free publication).[159] The Islander is a weekly paper, member of the Georgia Press Association, and available at newsstands or by subscription.[160]

The major AM radio stations in Brunswick are WSFN 790, an ESPN affiliate and primarily a sports station;[161] WGIG 1440; and WBGA 1490, which are all news and talk stations.[162] The city's FM stations include NPR affiliate WWIO-FM 88.9, public radio WWEZ at 94.7 (St. Simons Island) and 97.5 (Brunswick), and commercial stations WAYR-FM 90.7, WSSI 92.7, WMUV 100.7, WSOL 101.5, WYNR 102.5, WQGA 103.3, WRJY 104.1, WXMK 105.9, and WHFX 107.7.[162] 96.3

WPXC-TV, channel 21, an Ion affiliate, is the only broadcast television station in Brunswick.[48] The station became an ABC affiliate in 1996,[163] but in 2001, Allbritton Communications sold the station and, therefore, the station lost its affiliation.[164] All major U.S. television networks are represented in Brunswick from Jacksonville and Savannah-based television stations.

In popular culture

Brunswick has been featured in scenes from the films The View from Pompey's Head (1955),[165] Conrack (1974),[165] The Longest Yard (1974),[165][166] and the documentary Criminalizing Dissent (2006).[165]

The city is also the setting for the novel Ravens by author George Dawes Green.

Infrastructure

Transportation

See also: Port of Brunswick

Brunswick Golden Isles Airport (BQK, KBQK) is served by Delta Air Lines, with several daily round trips to the Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport.[167] The city was formerly served by DayJet, with service to cities in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia; the company suspended its operations in September 2008.[168]

Two railway lines run through the city: CSX and Norfolk Southern.[169][170] The Golden Isles Terminal Railroad is a short line operating 12.6 miles (20.3 km) of mainline trackage between Anguilla Junction and the Colonel's Island and Marine Port terminals of the Port of Brunswick.[171] This line connects with a line that originates in Old Town Brunswick at Anguilla Junction. Brunswick last had direct passenger service in 1966 or 1967 with the unnamed successor to the Southern Railway's Kansas City-Florida Special.[172][173] Amtrak passenger service is available in Jesup, 40 mi (64 km) northwest of the city.[174]

The original Sidney Lanier Bridge was a vertical-lift bridge on U.S. 17 crossing the Brunswick River and was opened on June 22, 1956.[175] On November 7, 1972, the ship African Neptune struck the bridge, causing parts of the bridge to collapse, taking cars with it.[176][177] The accident resulted in ten deaths.[178] On May 3, 1987, the bridge was again struck by a ship, the Polish freighter Ziemia Bialostocka.[179] A new cable-stayed bridge with the same name opened in 2003 to allow larger ships to enter the port and to eliminate the need for the drawbridge on U.S. 17.[180] It is the longest-spanning bridge in Georgia.[180] The elevation at the top of the support towers is 480 feet (150 m).[180]

Three federal highways pass through Brunswick: U.S. Route 17, U.S. Route 341, and U.S. Route 25. U.S. 17 runs north to south through the eastern part of town and is a four-lane highway. U.S. 341 overlaps U.S. 25 for almost the entire route and originates in Brunswick off U.S. 17. Interstate 95 runs west and northwest of the city, and U.S. Route 82 originates at the junction of U.S. 17 and State Route 303 just west of I-95.[181]

In 2006, Glynn County applied for approximately $930,000 for first-year funding for a transit service. The county and city match was for over $100,000 combined. The first-year project would fund the purchase of up to four buses, two vans, signage, equipment, and facility improvements. As of 2007 the first-year application was pending with the Georgia DOT and the Federal Transit Administration.[182]

Healthcare

 
Southeast Georgia Health System's Brunswick campus

With over 1,321 employees and over 201 physicians,[183] Southeast Georgia Health System is the main provider of health care in Brunswick and the surrounding area and is also the largest private employer in Brunswick.[183] Southeast Georgia Health System's medical campus in the city offers a 316-bed full-service hospital.[183] Southeast Georgia Health System Brunswick campus also has an alliance with the International Seafarer's Center that provides first-class medical attention to seamen who come into the Brunswick port; the medical needs of approximately 15,000 international merchant seafarers are met each year.[183] Southeast Georgia Health System also operates a 180-bed skilled nursing facility in Brunswick, The Senior Care Center, which offers short-term rehabilitation services, as well as long-term care.

Southeast Georgia Health System recently opened the Outpatient Care Center on the Brunswick campus.[183] This six-story, 195,000-square-foot (18,100 m2) building includes outpatient surgery and imaging services, the Cancer Care Center, a retail area, the Dick Mitchell Health Information Center, as well as physician offices and suites.[183]

In 2004, the Brunswick campus was named Best Large Hospital in the State of Georgia by the Georgia Alliance of Community Hospitals.[183][184]

Sister cities

Brunswick has an active sister cities program designed to encourage cultural and economic exchanges.

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ^ On March 25, 1765, Georgia's colonial assembly divided the territory south of the Altamaha River into four new parishes. Two of these parishes—St. David and St. Patrick—would later be combined to form the mainland portion of Glynn County. Additionally, the 1765 act assigned Jekyll Island to St. James Parish, meaning that this parish consisted entirely of St. Simons and Jekyll islands. On February 5, 1777, the state's first constitution was adopted. Article IV of that document transformed the existing colonial parishes into seven counties, with Native American-ceded lands to the north forming an eighth county. Glynn County, which was seventh on the list and thus is considered Georgia's seventh county, consisted of all of St. David and St. Patrick parishes. In 1789 the legislature added St. Simons and Jekyll islands to Glynn County. Frederica on St. Simons Island served as Glynn County's seat beginning in 1789, at the absorption of the islands into Glynn. In an act of February 10, 1787, Georgia's legislature provided that Glynn County's courthouse and jail be erected and that county elections be held in Brunswick—which made it the county seat. Ten years later—on February 13, 1797—the legislature formally designated Brunswick the seat of Glynn County. (See Glynn County Courthouse at the Digital Library of Georgia.)

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  • Brunswick Georgia and the building of Liberty Ships, brochure published by Brunswick and Golden Isles Convention and Visitors Center

External links

 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Brunswick (Georgia).
 
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Brunswick (Georgia)".
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brunswick, Georgia.
  • City of Brunswick official website
  • History of Brunswick

January 13, 2023
brunswick, georgia, brunswick, city, county, seat, glynn, county, state, georgia, primary, urban, economic, center, lower, southeast, portion, georgia, second, largest, urban, area, georgia, coastline, after, savannah, contains, brunswick, town, historic, dist. Brunswick ˈ b r ʌ n z w ɪ k is a city in and the county seat of Glynn County in the U S state of Georgia 4 As the primary urban and economic center of the lower southeast portion of Georgia it is the second largest urban area on the Georgia coastline after Savannah and contains the Brunswick Old Town Historic District At the 2020 U S census the population of the city proper was 15 210 5 the Brunswick metropolitan area s population as of 2020 was 113 495 6 Brunswick GeorgiaCityFrom top left to right Sidney Lanier Bridge Old Brunswick City Hall College of Coastal Georgia Ritz Theatre Glynn Academy St Athanasius Episcopal Church DowntownFlagSealNicknames Port City Shrimp Capital of the World Location in Glynn County and the state of GeorgiaCoordinates 31 8 59 N 81 29 29 W 31 14972 N 81 49139 W 31 14972 81 49139 Coordinates 31 8 59 N 81 29 29 W 31 14972 N 81 49139 W 31 14972 81 49139CountryUnited StatesStateGeorgiaCountyGlynnSettled1738Founded1771Incorporated1856Government TypeCouncil Manager MayorCosby H Johnson Mayor pro temFelicia Harris CommissionJohnny CasonJulie MartinKendra Rolle ManagerRegina M McDuffieArea 1 City25 09 sq mi 64 99 km2 Land17 02 sq mi 44 08 km2 Water8 07 sq mi 20 91 km2 Metro1 286 sq mi 3 332 km2 CCD42 4 sq mi 109 8 km2 Elevation14 ft 4 m Population 2020 City15 210 Density893 71 sq mi 345 06 km2 Metro112 370 Metro density87 sq mi 33 7 km2 CCD33 555 CCD density1 037 sq mi 400 3 km2 DemonymBrunswickianTime zoneUTC 5 EST Summer DST UTC 4 EDT ZIP codes31520 31525 31527 31561Area code912FIPS code13 11560 2 GNIS feature ID0354878 3 Websitewww wbr brunswickga wbr orgEstablished as Brunswick after the German Duchy of Brunswick Luneburg the ancestral home of the House of Hanover the municipal community was incorporated as a city in 1856 Throughout its history Brunswick has served as an important port city in World War II for example it served as a strategic military location with an operational base for escort blimps and a shipbuilding facility for the U S Maritime Commission Since then its port has served numerous economic purposes Brunswick supports a progressive economy largely based on tourism and logistics with a metropolitan GDP of 3 9 billion as of 2013 7 The Port of Brunswick handles approximately 10 percent of all U S roll on roll off trade third in the U S behind the ports of Los Angeles and Newark 8 9 10 11 The headquarters of the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center is located 5 miles 8 km north of the central business district of the city and is adjacent to Brunswick Golden Isles Airport which provides commercial air service to the area Brunswick is located on a harbor of the Atlantic Ocean approximately 40 mi 60 km north of Florida and 80 mi 130 km south of South Carolina Brunswick is bordered on the west by Oglethorpe Bay the East River and the Turtle River It is bordered on the south by the Brunswick River and on the east by the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway in the Mackay River which separates it from the Golden Isles Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2 1 Climate 2 2 Environment 3 Demographics 3 1 Race and ethnicity 3 2 Religion 4 Economy 5 Culture 5 1 Arts and theatre 5 2 Cuisine 6 Sports 7 Parks and recreation 8 Government 9 Education 9 1 Higher education 9 2 Primary and secondary schools 10 Media 11 In popular culture 12 Infrastructure 12 1 Transportation 12 2 Healthcare 13 Sister cities 14 Notable people 15 See also 16 Notes 17 References 18 External linksHistory EditMain article History of Brunswick Georgia Original town plan 1771 The Mocama a Timucua speaking people lived in and cultivated the lands in what is now Brunswick 12 The Spanish established missions in Timucuan villages beginning in 1568 13 During this time much of the Native American population was depleted through enslavement and disease 12 When the Province of Carolina was founded in 1663 the British claimed all lands south to the 31st parallel north 14 but little colonization occurred south of the Altamaha River as the Spanish also claimed this land 15 Three years after the Province of Georgia was founded in 1733 James Oglethorpe had the town of Frederica built on St Simons Island challenging Spaniards who laid claim to the island 16 The Spanish were driven out of the province after British victories in the battles of Bloody Marsh and Gully Hole Creek in 1742 16 it was not until the Treaty of Paris of 1763 that Spain s threat to the province was formally ended when all lands north of the St Marys River and south of the Savannah River were designated as Georgia 17 18 An 1864 map of Brunswick and the surrounding area The area s first European settler Mark Carr arrived in 1738 19 Carr a Scotsman was a captain in Oglethorpe s Marine Boat Company 20 Upon landing he established his 1 000 acre 400 ha tobacco plantation which he called Plug Point along the East and Brunswick rivers 18 20 The Province of Georgia purchased Carr s fields in 1771 and laid out the town of Brunswick in the grid plan akin to that of Savannah with large public squares at given intervals 21 The town was named for the duchy of Brunswick Luneburg in Germany the ancestral home of George III and the House of Hanover 21 Brunswick was a rectangular tract of land consisting of 383 5 acres 155 2 ha 18 The first lot was granted on June 30 1772 179 lots were granted in the first three years 18 However about this time Brunswick lost most of its citizens many of whom were Loyalists to East Florida the Caribbean Basin and the United Kingdom for protection during the American Revolutionary War 18 22 From 1783 to 1788 a number of these lots were regranted and there collected in Brunswick a few families who desired proper education for their children 18 By the act of the General Assembly on February 1 1788 eight town commissioners were appointed and Glynn Academy was chartered the funding of which was to come from the sales of town lots Brunswick was recognized as an official port of entry in 1789 by an act of the United States Congress 23 24 In 1797 the General Assembly transferred the seat of Glynn County from Frederica to Brunswick nb 1 25 At the end of the eighteenth century a large tract of land surrounding Brunswick on three sides had been laid off and designated as Commons 18 Commissioners were named in 1796 to support these efforts 18 The General Assembly authorized them to sell 500 acres 200 ha of Commons one half of the proceeds to go to the construction of the courthouse and jail and one half to the support of the academy 18 In 1819 the commissioners erected a suitable building for school purposes on the southeastern corner of Reynolds and L streets 18 This was the first public building in Brunswick 26 It was abandoned four years later but a new building was erected on Hillsborough Square in 1840 using Commons proceeds 18 A courthouse and jail were built around this time 18 25 26 The town was officially incorporated as a city on February 22 1856 26 27 It was at this time that state representative Jacob Moore in conjunction with others conspired to control the Commons and any proceeds that might be had from sales Moore managed to persuade the Georgia General Assembly to pass legislation giving him control over significant amounts of local real estate This precipitated a period of strife pitting the powerful interests headed by Rep Moore against the common citizenry It was into this turmoil that Carey Wentworth Styles appeared in 1857 when he moved his family to Brunswick from Edgefield South Carolina Styles an attorney was attracted to the area by news of the civil strife As one observer later wrote the citizens of Brunswick were in need of a defender 28 Styles quickly became embroiled in the dispute siding with the citizenry He announced his intention to run for mayor and organized a mass protest rally for the evening of December 24 In spite of bad weather a crowd gathered at the protest point where Styles delivered an impassioned speech against the powerful interests and the legislative act giving them the power to seize local property Styles called the legislation dishonorable at which point Moore the bill s sponsor and beneficiary jumped to his feet and shouted at Styles calling the accusation a falsehood In the official testimony on file in the Glynn County courthouse Styles is said to have yelled back at Moore saying You are a damned liar to which Moore replied You are a damneder liar Gunfire ensued resulting in the death of Moore Witness accounts had Moore firing first and though Styles was subsequently arrested for manslaughter the charges were eventually dropped 28 On March 1 1858 Styles was elected mayor of Brunswick 28 29 Some years later Styles moved to Atlanta where he founded The Atlanta Constitution 30 In November 1879 nineteen years after he left Styles returned to Brunswick where he established the local weekly Seaport Appeal 28 When that eventually failed Styles moved to Texas never to see Brunswick again By 1860 Brunswick had a population of 468 a bank a weekly newspaper and a sawmill which employed nine workers 26 Brunswick was abandoned during the American Civil War when citizens were ordered to evacuate The city like many others in the South suffered from post war depression After one of the nation s largest lumber mills began operation on nearby St Simons Island economic prosperity returned Rail lines were constructed from Brunswick to inland Georgia which stimulated a sawmill boom said to average one mill every two miles along with the new industrial corridor 31 In his book The New South Comes to Wiregrass Georgia 1860 1910 author Mark V Wetherington states that from Eastman former Quartermaster General Ira R Foster shipped lumber to Brunswick where it was loaded onto timber schooners and transported to international markets like Liverpool Rio de Janeiro and Havana 31 Unlike many other southern cities during the Reconstruction period Brunswick experienced an economic boom In 1878 poet and native Georgian Sidney Lanier who sought relief from tuberculosis in Brunswick s climate wrote The Marshes of Glynn a poem based on the salt marshes that span Glynn County The December 1888 issue of Harper s Weekly predicted that Brunswick by the Sea was destined to become the winter Newport of America Jekyll Island had become a resort destination for some of the era s most influential families most notably Rockefellers Vanderbilts Pulitzers and Goodyears who arrived by train or yacht A yellow fever epidemic began in 1893 which heralded a decade of hardships for the city it was flooded in 1893 when a modern day Category 3 hurricane today known as the Sea Islands Hurricane paralleled the coast of Georgia before hitting South Carolina The storm left the city under 6 feet 1 8 m of water 32 A Category 4 hurricane hit Cumberland Island just south of Brunswick in October 1898 33 which caused a 16 foot 4 9 m storm surge in the city 32 As a result 179 were killed 32 34 Construction of an electric streetcar line began in 1909 and was completed in 1911 35 Tracks were located in the center of several city streets In July 1924 the F J Torras Causeway the roadway between Brunswick and St Simons Island was completed 36 and passenger boat service from Brunswick to St Simons Island was terminated 35 By 1926 the electric streetcar line in Brunswick was discontinued the decline of the streetcar systems coincided with the rise of the automobile 35 A Liberty Ship is launched from Brunswick In World War II Brunswick served as a strategic military location German U boats threatened the coast of the southern United States and blimps became a common sight as they patrolled the coastal areas During the war blimps from Brunswick s Naval Air Station Glynco at the time the largest blimp base in the world safely escorted almost 100 000 ships without a single vessel lost to enemy submarines 37 In World War II Brunswick boomed as over 16 000 workers of the J A Jones Construction Company produced ninety nine Liberty ships and Knot ships type C1 M ships which were designed for short coastal runs and most often named for knots for the U S Maritime Commission to transport materiel to the European and Pacific theatres 38 The first ship was the SS James M Wayne named after James Moore Wayne whose keel was laid on July 6 1942 and which was launched on March 13 1943 39 The last ship was the SS Coastal Ranger whose keel was laid on June 7 1945 and which was launched on August 25 1945 39 The first six ships took 305 to 331 days each to complete 39 but soon production ramped up and most of the remaining ships were built in about two months bringing the average down to 89 days each By November 1943 about four ships were launched per month The SS William F Jerman was completed in only 34 days in November and December 1944 39 Six ships could be under construction in slipways at one time 40 Geography Edit Brunswick Jacksonville Savannah Atlanta Miami Tampa Orlando Charlotte Brunswick in relation to its closest urban areas within 500 miles 800 km with a population greater than 1 million as well as Savannah for reference The city of Brunswick is located in southeastern Georgia approximately halfway between Jacksonville Florida and Savannah The city is located at the apex of the bight of the Georgia coast the westernmost point on the Atlantic seaboard and is naturally sheltered by two barrier islands Jekyll and St Simons The city is situated on a peninsula with the East River and the Turtle River to the west the Brunswick River to the south 41 and the Mackay River with the Intracoastal Waterway to the east An abundance of salt marshes separates the city from the Intracoastal Waterway which passes between Brunswick and the barrier islands The East River separates Brunswick from Andrews Island a dredge spoil site 42 43 The city is the lowest in the U S state of Georgia with an elevation of only 10 to 14 feet 3 0 to 4 3 m above sea level 44 45 According to the U S Census Bureau Brunswick s land area is 32 4 square miles 83 8 km2 Its total area is 42 4 square miles 109 8 km2 10 0 square miles 26 0 km2 of this is water 46 Climate Edit Brunswick s climate is classified as humid subtropical Cfa in the Koppen climate classification system 47 During the summer months it is common for the temperature to reach over 90 F 32 C However the humidity results in a heat index higher than the actual temperature Summer mornings average nearly 90 percent humidity and nearly 60 percent in the afternoon 48 Scattered afternoon thunderstorms are common in the summer The hottest temperature ever recorded in Brunswick was 106 F 41 C in 1986 49 Winters in Brunswick are fairly temperate The average high in January the coldest month is 63 F 17 C while the average low is 44 F 7 C 49 Snowfall is very rare The last snow accumulation in Brunswick was on December 23 1989 50 The coldest temperature ever recorded in Brunswick was 5 F 15 C on January 21 1985 and January 30 1966 49 Brunswick receives a high amount of rainfall annually averaging about 49 6 inches 1 260 mm The wettest months are August and September the peak of hurricane season 49 The city has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other East Coast cities A major hurricane has not made landfall on the Georgia coast since 1898 51 and the only hurricane that has hit the coast since then was Hurricane David in 1979 51 However the city has experienced hurricane or near hurricane conditions several times due to storms passing through Florida from the Gulf of Mexico and entering Georgia or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing the area 52 Climate data for Brunswick Georgia 1991 2020 normals extremes 1895 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 86 30 89 32 99 37 99 37 101 38 104 40 106 41 103 39 101 38 95 35 89 32 87 31 106 41 Average high F C 61 0 16 1 64 3 17 9 70 1 21 2 76 3 24 6 83 0 28 3 87 5 30 8 90 3 32 4 88 8 31 6 84 3 29 1 77 5 25 3 69 2 20 7 63 3 17 4 76 3 24 6 Daily mean F C 52 5 11 4 55 7 13 2 61 3 16 3 67 7 19 8 75 0 23 9 80 2 26 8 82 8 28 2 81 9 27 7 78 2 25 7 70 3 21 3 61 0 16 1 55 1 12 8 68 5 20 3 Average low F C 44 0 6 7 47 0 8 3 52 6 11 4 59 2 15 1 67 1 19 5 72 9 22 7 75 3 24 1 75 1 23 9 72 0 22 2 63 1 17 3 52 9 11 6 46 9 8 3 60 7 15 9 Record low F C 5 15 13 11 21 6 34 1 35 2 51 11 58 14 61 16 45 7 36 2 21 6 11 12 5 15 Average precipitation inches mm 3 54 90 3 06 78 3 80 97 3 07 78 3 04 77 6 35 161 4 94 125 6 95 177 6 26 159 4 60 117 2 03 52 2 65 67 50 29 1 277 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 8 2 8 3 7 8 6 5 7 0 12 2 10 6 13 3 10 1 7 7 5 4 7 3 104 4Source NOAA 53 54 Environment Edit The Brunswick area has four Superfund sites formerly home to heavily contaminated toxic waste sites the LCP Chemicals site Brunswick Wood Preserving 55 the Hercules 009 Landfill 56 and the Terry Creek Dredge Spoil Areas Hercules Outfall 57 Research published in 2011 revealed that bottlenose dolphins that fed in the estuaries near these Superfund sites had the highest concentration of PCBs of any mammal in the world 58 Demographics EditHistorical populationCensus Pop 181036 1860825 18702 348184 6 18802 89123 1 18908 459192 6 19009 0817 4 191010 18212 1 192014 41341 6 193014 022 2 7 194015 0357 2 195017 95419 4 196021 70320 9 197019 585 9 8 198017 605 10 1 199016 433 6 7 200015 600 5 1 201015 383 1 4 202015 210 1 1 U S Decennial Census 59 In 2000 the city of Brunswick had 15 600 people 6 085 households and 3 681 families living in the city down from the city s initial historic high of 21 703 in 1960 2 There were 6 952 housing units at an average density of 403 8 per square mile 155 9 km2 At the 2010 United States census there were 15 383 people living within the city experiencing population fluctuations since the 2020 U S census reported a population of 15 210 people 6 486 households and 3 781 families residing in the city 5 Among the city s population between 2015 and 2020 the American Community Survey estimated a median age of 34 8 down from 2000 s 35 years 60 Approximately 16 7 of the population were from under 5 years of age to 5 to 9 years 20 5 were from 15 to 29 years of age and 16 5 were aged 65 and older For every 100 females there were 80 males and there was a child dependency ratio of 46 6 At the 2000 census the median income for a household in the city was 22 272 and the median income for a family was 28 564 Males had a median income of 26 172 versus 18 602 for females The per capita income for the city was 13 062 About 25 2 of families and 30 4 of the population were below the poverty line including 43 9 of those under age 18 and 21 7 of those ages 65 or over 2 By 2020 the median household income was 27 471 with a mean of 57 395 61 Among families the median income was 29 953 with a mean of 53 434 married couple families had a median income of 63 301 and non family households had a median income of 22 163 with a mean of 59 980 The median monthly costs for occupied housing units and renter owned units was 718 in 2020 62 for homeowners with a mortgage the median value of their single family detached homes was 117 400 and the monthly costs were 1 068 63 The median real estate taxes paid among homeowners in the city was 951 Among the growing metropolitan statistical areas of Georgia Brunswick has one of the lowest costs of living in contrast with Atlanta and its metropolitan region Race and ethnicity Edit Brunswick racial and ethnic composition as of 2020 5 Race Num Perc White non Hispanic 4 622 30 39 Black or African American non Hispanic 8 548 56 2 Native American 24 0 16 Asian 55 0 36 Pacific Islander 6 0 04 Other Mixed 511 3 36 Hispanic or Latino 1 444 9 49 Brunswick like most of the United States has had a traditional population from a predominantly non Hispanic white Anglo American background With the diversification of the nation and state of Georgia by 2000 its racial and ethnic makeup was 59 8 Black or African American 33 1 White non Hispanic whites 0 3 American Indian or Alaska Native 0 4 Asian lt 0 1 Pacific Islander 1 7 from other races and 1 4 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race were 5 8 of the population At the 2020 census the racial and ethnic makeup was 56 2 Black or African American 30 39 non Hispanic white 0 16 American Indian or Alaska Native 0 36 Asian 0 04 Pacific Islander 3 36 multiracial and 9 49 Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race Per 2008 estimates the top five ancestry groups in the city were American 5 3 English 5 1 Subsarahan African 4 3 Irish 4 1 and German 3 6 64 Approximately 54 1 of the population reported another ancestry 64 Religion Edit St Mark s Episcopal Church According to Sperling s BestPlaces approximately 56 3 of the city s population identify with a religion as of 2020 65 Typical of those traditionally placed within the Bible Belt and conservative American South the majority of the religiously affiliated population identify as Christians The single largest Christian tradition within the city and metropolitan area are Baptists 15 7 primarily divided into the National Baptist Convention and Southern Baptist Convention among others 66 67 68 in contrast the largest single Christian denomination has been the Roman Catholic Church and its Diocese of Savannah 6 8 69 Following Methodism was the second largest tradition 12 3 and Pentecostalism was the third largest Christian tradition in the area 8 2 notably served through the Assemblies of God and Church of God 70 71 Other prominent Christian communities operating with a substantial presence in the city and area have also been Presbyterians Episcopalians or Anglicans of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States and Continuing Anglicanism Lutherans etc Among non mainstream Christianity the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints makes up 1 5 of the faithful as of 2020 Outside of local Christendom the second largest religion practiced or adhered to in the area has been Judaism and collectively Eastern religions such as Buddhism or Hinduism made up 0 3 of the population The largest Jewish movement within the city has been Reform Judaism spread throughout the historic Temple Beth Tefilloh founded in 1886 72 Economy Edit The building that was used as a welcome center Ship off the coast of Brunswick The Port of Brunswick forms a vital part of the city s economy 73 It is recognized as one of the most productive ports on the East Coast and is the sixth busiest automobile port in the United States 74 75 76 it is the primary export facility for two of the three United States traditional automotive manufacturers Ford and General Motors 77 The port is also the primary export facility for Mercedes Benz 78 79 80 The port serves as the central import facility for Hyundai Jaguar Kia Land Rover Mitsubishi Porsche and Volvo 75 81 82 83 Audi BMW and Volkswagen utilize the port as a facility for imports as well 84 85 86 International Auto Processing is one of the town s largest employers 87 In addition to automobiles exports include agricultural products and other bulk cargoes The port is operated by the Georgia Ports Authority and features four separate terminals Colonel s Island RoRo Colonel s Island Agri bulk Mayor s Point and Marine Port 88 Mayor s Point is the only terminal located within the city 89 The Colonel s Island and Marine Port terminals are located southwest of the city 90 The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center FLETC a large agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security is headquartered in Glynco north of the city 91 A study conducted by Georgia Tech identified FLETC as the largest employer in Glynn County 92 it was further determined that FLETC s annual localized economic impact is in excess of 600 million 92 Southeast Georgia Health System is the largest private employer in Brunswick 87 Other major employers in Brunswick include King amp Prince Seafood GSI Commerce Pinova and Gulfstream Aerospace 87 Wood pulp is produced by the Georgia Pacific mill in Brunswick 93 The mill which has been in operation since 1937 has the capability to produce over 800 000 metric tons of cellulose each year 94 Additionally it is the largest single site fluff production facility in the world 94 Hercules a manufacturer and marketer of chemical specialties operates a production facility on the north side of Brunswick 95 Jet aircraft manufacturer Gulfstream Aerospace has a presence at the city s airport 96 Tourism is the single largest industry in the city and the county 41 Brunswick and the Golden Isles are a year round resort community 97 The islands beaches resorts shops and historic sites annually attract visitors from around the world 97 President George W Bush hosted the G8 summit in 2004 on Sea Island 98 Culture EditArts and theatre Edit The Ritz Theatre Brunswick is home to a variety of arts and cultural events The most significant professional performing arts group is the Coastal Symphony of Georgia in existence since 1982 which stages productions each year at Glynn Academy s Memorial Auditorium This group of professional musicians also has a Youth Symphony division and a fundraising auxiliary 99 Old Town Brunswick s historic and ornate Ritz Theatre hosts a range of performances Renovated in the early 1980s and again in 2000 through 2001 the Ritz is home to the Golden Isles Arts and Humanities Association the coordinating arts council for Brunswick and Glynn County The association hosts an annual performing arts series and rents space to individual producers and organizations 100 The city is home to various art galleries Art Downtown is a cultural arts center featuring a fine art gallery studio and production company It is home to the Brunswick Actors Theatre 101 The Gallery on Newcastle is home to a display of scenes from coastal Georgia s marshes 102 Along Union Street is a collection of 19th and early 20th century Victorian mansions Each December the Magnolia Garden Club tours select Union Street homes in addition to other areas in historic Brunswick as part of its Christmas Tour of Homes 103 Cuisine Edit The city claims to be the place of origin of Brunswick stew The city lays claim to Brunswick stew a tomato based stew containing various types of lima beans corn okra and other vegetables and one or more types of meat 104 Most recipes claiming authenticity call for squirrel or rabbit meat but chicken pork and beef are also common ingredients 105 A twenty five gallon 95 L iron pot outside the city bears a plaque declaring the stew was first cooked there in 1898 106 The Brunswick Rockin Stewbilee held annually in October features a stew tasting contest where visitors sample over 50 teams stews 107 The Stewbilee became famous when the city invited Brunswick County Virginia to the festival for a stew cookoff in the 1980s which led the Brunswick Stew Wars to be featured in Southern Living 108 Brunswick is the center of Georgia s shrimping industry 109 The city was once called The Shrimp Capital of the World 110 111 112 but in recent times production has been far below average 113 Nevertheless nearby Jekyll Island hosts the Wild Georgia Shrimp amp Grits Festival in September 114 Apart from shrimping the area is also the center of Georgia s crab and oyster industries 115 116 Sports EditThe College of Coastal Georgia has an active collegiate sports program The local high schools compete in the Georgia High School Association s quad A Region 2 sporting events From 1950 to 2007 Brunswick served host to the Golden Isles Bowl Classic one of the most prestigious junior college football bowl games in the country Scholastic and intramural sports are held at school and park facilities around the city Glynn County Stadium and Lanier Field are two sports stadiums available in the city Golden Isles Speedway a 5 8 mile 1 km race track is located in western Glynn County approximately 20 miles 32 km west of the city 117 The PGA Tour holds the RSM Classic every year at the Seaside Course on Sea Island The area is famous for its golf resorts In 2008 Sea Island was ranked the number one destination for business meetings and golf by Golf Digest and USA Today 118 Sea Island was also ranked number one among the best golf resorts in North America by Golf Digest 118 There are three golf courses located just north of the city 119 and combined with Jekyll St Simons and Sea islands there are 252 holes of golf in the Brunswick area 119 The Brunswick area is home to two out of three publicly accessible beaches in the state 120 Brunswick is the gateway city to Jekyll and St Simons islands both are accessible via automobile only by causeways from the city 121 The islands known colloquially as the Golden Isles feature white sand public beaches and are popular destinations for tourists and local citizens In 1906 the city was home to a Class D level minor league baseball team the River Snipes a team shared with Columbus as part of the inaugural season of the Georgia State League 122 The league went defunct following that season 122 In 1913 the Brunswick Pilots debuted as part of the short lived Empire State League before joining the Georgia State League in 1914 and the Florida Alabama Georgia League in 1915 122 The Pilots stopped play following the 1915 season 122 Thirty six years passed before Brunswick had another professional baseball team In 1951 the Brunswick Pirates a Class D minor league affiliate of the major league Pittsburgh Pirates began to play in the Georgia Florida League beginning eight years of presence in the city 122 The Pirates won league championships in 1954 and 1955 123 124 In 1957 the Pirates became affiliates of the Philadelphia Phillies respectively adopting the name Brunswick Phillies 122 Following the 1958 season the Phillies ceased to play 122 Brunswick was home to the Cardinals of the Georgia Florida League in 1962 and 1963 before the league disbanded in 1963 122 125 Parks and recreation Edit Lover s Oak in Old Town The Dart House 1877 which was used by the Chamber of Commerce 126 It was listed is a Place in Peril 127 and was demolished in 2017 The Brunswick Parks and Recreation Department operates city parks and squares 128 Six city squares were part of Brunswick s original 1771 Town Plan The two largest central squares were Wright and Hanover Though half of Wright Square was built on by a middle school in the 1950s the square was recently returned to its original size with George Street removed through the middle Five of the six still exist today with Hillsboro Square converted into the campus of Glynn Academy High School 129 There are also two additional squares located within the city Orange and Palmetto 128 Numerous parks exist in the city the largest being Howard Coffin Park 128 The parks include features such as playgrounds baseball fields softball fields soccer fields basketball courts and picnic areas Coffin Park includes a walking track The district also owns the Roosevelt Lawrence Community Center a center equipped with popular and traditional recreational game tables two classrooms and a multi purpose gymnasium 128 The Brunswick area is rich in live oak trees particularly the Southern live oak Such is the quality of the live oak trees in the Brunswick and the Golden Isles area that Revolutionary warships such as the USS Constitution nicknamed Old Ironsides were clad in St Simons Island oak planks Brunswick has a notable live oak named Lover s Oak located at Prince and Albany streets 130 As of 2005 it is approximately 900 years old 131 According to the State of Georgia and American Indian folklore Native American braves and their maidens would meet under the oak 131 Another notable oak Lanier s Oak is notable as being the location where poet Sidney Lanier on one of his visits to Brunswick was inspired to write The Marshes of Glynn 132 Blythe Island Regional Park is located on Blythe Island within the city 133 Government Edit Frank Scarlett Federal Building Post Office and Federal Court on the National Register of Historic Places Brunswick uses the council manager model of municipal government 134 The city commission consists of five individuals including the mayor elected on a plurality at large basis Commissioners constitute the legislative body of the city and as a group are responsible for taxation appropriations ordinances and other general functions The mayor of Brunswick is Cornell Harvey who was elected in 2014 and is the first African American mayor of Brunswick 135 The city is divided into two wards with each ward electing two city commission representatives The mayor serves as an at large commissioner and chairperson The commission meets twice each month at Old City Hall in Old Town 134 The city commission appoints a city manager to serve at will for an infinite term The main duty of the manager is to implement policy set by the city commission and manage the operations of the city on a daily basis The city manager is to see that all laws provisions of the city charter and any acts of the city commission are executed and enforced The city manager of Brunswick is Regina McDuffie 136 In November 2008 Mayor Thompson and the city commission of Brunswick traveled to Ganzhou to strengthen ties between the two cities 137 Ganzhou a city with a population of 8 5 million reciprocated sending a delegation to Brunswick where an official sister city agreement was signed at Old Brunswick City Hall on April 3 2009 138 139 Education EditHigher education Edit College of Coastal Georgia Brunswick is home to the College of Coastal Georgia 140 which has more than 3 000 enrolled students 141 Since 1961 the college had been a two year institution but in 2008 the college began its transition to a four year institution 142 The college is currently a state college within the University System of Georgia with bachelor s degree programs in education business and nursing sciences and other associate degree programs designed to prepare students to transfer to senior colleges and universities 143 Primary and secondary schools Edit Brunswick High School The Glynn County School System is the governing authority of public schools in the city 144 More than 12 000 students attend schools in the school system 145 There are ten elementary schools four middle schools and two high schools Brunswick High School and Glynn Academy 144 145 Glynn Academy the second oldest public high school in the American South and the sixth oldest public high school in the United States 146 was founded in 1788 by an act of the Georgia General Assembly 147 Brunswick High School opened in 1967 148 Specialized institutions include a career technical academy There are several private schools operating in the area 149 In the city there is one Catholic school and one Seventh day Adventist school 150 151 There are also Baptist Pentecostal and non denominational Christian schools north of the city such as Heritage Christian Academy 152 153 154 On St Simons Island there is a Presbyterian school 155 156 Several smaller Christian schools in Brunswick offer high school education Media Edit The Brunswick News the city s locally published daily newspaper The Brunswick News is one of two major daily newspapers serving Brunswick 157 the other is The Georgia Times Union a subsidiary of the Jacksonville based Florida Times Union 158 Brunswick has one free weekly newspaper delivered to most homes in Glynn County The Harbor Sound a free publication 159 The Islander is a weekly paper member of the Georgia Press Association and available at newsstands or by subscription 160 The major AM radio stations in Brunswick are WSFN 790 an ESPN affiliate and primarily a sports station 161 WGIG 1440 and WBGA 1490 which are all news and talk stations 162 The city s FM stations include NPR affiliate WWIO FM 88 9 public radio WWEZ at 94 7 St Simons Island and 97 5 Brunswick and commercial stations WAYR FM 90 7 WSSI 92 7 WMUV 100 7 WSOL 101 5 WYNR 102 5 WQGA 103 3 WRJY 104 1 WXMK 105 9 and WHFX 107 7 162 96 3WPXC TV channel 21 an Ion affiliate is the only broadcast television station in Brunswick 48 The station became an ABC affiliate in 1996 163 but in 2001 Allbritton Communications sold the station and therefore the station lost its affiliation 164 All major U S television networks are represented in Brunswick from Jacksonville and Savannah based television stations In popular culture EditBrunswick has been featured in scenes from the films The View from Pompey s Head 1955 165 Conrack 1974 165 The Longest Yard 1974 165 166 and the documentary Criminalizing Dissent 2006 165 The city is also the setting for the novel Ravens by author George Dawes Green Infrastructure EditTransportation Edit Sidney Lanier Bridge See also Port of Brunswick Brunswick Golden Isles Airport BQK KBQK is served by Delta Air Lines with several daily round trips to the Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport 167 The city was formerly served by DayJet with service to cities in Alabama Florida and Georgia the company suspended its operations in September 2008 168 Two railway lines run through the city CSX and Norfolk Southern 169 170 The Golden Isles Terminal Railroad is a short line operating 12 6 miles 20 3 km of mainline trackage between Anguilla Junction and the Colonel s Island and Marine Port terminals of the Port of Brunswick 171 This line connects with a line that originates in Old Town Brunswick at Anguilla Junction Brunswick last had direct passenger service in 1966 or 1967 with the unnamed successor to the Southern Railway s Kansas City Florida Special 172 173 Amtrak passenger service is available in Jesup 40 mi 64 km northwest of the city 174 The original Sidney Lanier Bridge was a vertical lift bridge on U S 17 crossing the Brunswick River and was opened on June 22 1956 175 On November 7 1972 the ship African Neptune struck the bridge causing parts of the bridge to collapse taking cars with it 176 177 The accident resulted in ten deaths 178 On May 3 1987 the bridge was again struck by a ship the Polish freighter Ziemia Bialostocka 179 A new cable stayed bridge with the same name opened in 2003 to allow larger ships to enter the port and to eliminate the need for the drawbridge on U S 17 180 It is the longest spanning bridge in Georgia 180 The elevation at the top of the support towers is 480 feet 150 m 180 Three federal highways pass through Brunswick U S Route 17 U S Route 341 and U S Route 25 U S 17 runs north to south through the eastern part of town and is a four lane highway U S 341 overlaps U S 25 for almost the entire route and originates in Brunswick off U S 17 Interstate 95 runs west and northwest of the city and U S Route 82 originates at the junction of U S 17 and State Route 303 just west of I 95 181 In 2006 Glynn County applied for approximately 930 000 for first year funding for a transit service The county and city match was for over 100 000 combined The first year project would fund the purchase of up to four buses two vans signage equipment and facility improvements As of 2007 the first year application was pending with the Georgia DOT and the Federal Transit Administration 182 Healthcare Edit Southeast Georgia Health System s Brunswick campus With over 1 321 employees and over 201 physicians 183 Southeast Georgia Health System is the main provider of health care in Brunswick and the surrounding area and is also the largest private employer in Brunswick 183 Southeast Georgia Health System s medical campus in the city offers a 316 bed full service hospital 183 Southeast Georgia Health System Brunswick campus also has an alliance with the International Seafarer s Center that provides first class medical attention to seamen who come into the Brunswick port the medical needs of approximately 15 000 international merchant seafarers are met each year 183 Southeast Georgia Health System also operates a 180 bed skilled nursing facility in Brunswick The Senior Care Center which offers short term rehabilitation services as well as long term care Southeast Georgia Health System recently opened the Outpatient Care Center on the Brunswick campus 183 This six story 195 000 square foot 18 100 m2 building includes outpatient surgery and imaging services the Cancer Care Center a retail area the Dick Mitchell Health Information Center as well as physician offices and suites 183 In 2004 the Brunswick campus was named Best Large Hospital in the State of Georgia by the Georgia Alliance of Community Hospitals 183 184 Sister cities Edit Ganzhou Jiangxi People s Republic of China Ilan Yilan County Taiwan Province Republic of ChinaBrunswick has an active sister cities program designed to encourage cultural and economic exchanges Notable people EditAnthony Alaimo United States federal judge Spencer Atkinson orthodontist Sam Bowen baseball player Morgan Brian Women s World Cup soccer champion with Team USA 2016 plays professional soccer for Houston Dash Kwame Brown NBA player top pick of 2001 NBA Draft Barret Browning baseball player Justin Coleman NFL cornerback for the Detroit Lions DeeJay Dallas NFL running back for the Seattle Seahawks Ed Dudley professional golfer first club professional at Augusta National Amos Easton also known as Bumble Bee Slim musician Freeman Hankins Pennsylvania State Representative from 1961 to 1968 Pennsylvania State Senator from 1967 to 1988 Mary Hood writer Anna Jay professional wrestler in AEW ReShard Lee football player Davis Love III professional golfer and Ryder Cup captain Jack McDevitt science fiction writer Nebula Award for Best Novel winner Kristen Morgin sculptor Jack Peerson baseball player Harry Pickens jazz pianist Tony Pierce baseball player Antonio Santiago one year old victim of a highly publicized murder Darius Slay NFL cornerback for the Philadelphia Eagles Doris Buchanan Smith author of A Taste of Blackberries Raymond M Lloyd Professional Wrestler of WCW Aaron Swinson Cincinnati Bearcats assistant coach college basketball and former player Albert Tresvant first African American mayor of Opa locka Florida 185 Adam Wainwright baseball pitcher for St Louis Cardinals birthplace Tracy Walker NFL safety for the Detroit Lions Ike Williams professional boxer former lightweight champion Madaline A Williams first African American woman elected to the New Jersey Legislature Marion Wilson murdererSee also Edit Georgia U S state portal1898 Georgia hurricane Clark Quarry History of Brunswick Georgia Oglethorpe HotelNotes Edit On March 25 1765 Georgia s colonial assembly divided the territory south of the Altamaha River into four new parishes Two of these parishes St David and St Patrick would later be combined to form the mainland portion of Glynn County Additionally the 1765 act assigned Jekyll Island to St James Parish meaning that this parish consisted entirely of St Simons and Jekyll islands On February 5 1777 the state s first constitution was adopted Article IV of that document transformed the existing colonial parishes into seven counties with Native American ceded lands to the north forming an eighth county Glynn County which was seventh on the list and thus is considered Georgia s seventh county consisted of all of St David and St Patrick parishes In 1789 the legislature added St Simons and Jekyll islands to Glynn County Frederica on St Simons Island served as Glynn County s seat beginning in 1789 at the absorption of the islands into Glynn In an act of February 10 1787 Georgia s legislature provided that Glynn County s courthouse and jail be erected and that county elections be held in Brunswick which made it the county seat Ten years later on February 13 1797 the legislature formally designated Brunswick the seat of Glynn County See Glynn County Courthouse at the Digital Library of Georgia References Edit 2020 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved December 18 2021 a b c U S Census website United States Census Bureau Retrieved January 31 2008 US Board on Geographic Names United States Geological Survey October 25 2007 Retrieved January 31 2008 Find a County National Association of Counties Archived from the original on May 31 2011 Retrieved June 7 2011 a b c 2020 Race and Population Totals U S Census Bureau Retrieved December 18 2021 2020 Population and Housing State Data U S Census Bureau Retrieved July 13 2022 Best Small Places for Business and Careers Forbes Retrieved March 24 2013 Port of Brunswick Georgia Ports Authority Retrieved July 13 2022 The Port of Brunswick Fueling Our Economy Creating Opportunity and Supporting the Environment Georgia Ports Authority Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved March 24 2013 Mayle Mary Carr October 6 2011 Brunswick No 3 port for auto imports Savannah Morning News Archived from the original on February 11 2015 Retrieved March 24 2013 Mayle Mary Carr February 27 2013 Toyota to export Venzas via Port of Brunswick Savannah Morning News Retrieved March 24 2013 a b Soergel Matt October 17 2009 The Mocama New name for an old people The Florida Times Union Retrieved February 14 2011 Worth John E August 7 2002 Spanish Missions The New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 14 2011 Charter of Carolina March 24 1663 Yale University Avalon Project December 18 1998 Retrieved February 14 2011 Tebeau Charlton 1980 A History of Florida Revised ed University of Miami Press ISBN 0 87024 303 9 a b Fort Frederica National Monument History amp Culture United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Retrieved February 14 2011 Treaty of Paris 1763 Yale University Avalon Project Retrieved February 14 2011 a b c d e f g h i j k l Cate Margaret Davis 1930 Our Todays and Yesterdays Brunswick Georgia Glover Bros Inc Retrieved February 14 2011 Mark Carr State Historical Marker Digital Library of Georgia Retrieved December 23 2008 a b Brunswick Georgia Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities Archived from the original on July 26 2011 Retrieved February 14 2011 a b Barber Henry E December 4 2008 Brunswick The New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved February 14 2011 Barefoot Patricia November 8 2000 Brunswick The City by the Sea Charleston South Carolina Arcadia Publishing ISBN 978 0 7385 0642 5 Brunswick Ga The Bismarck Tribune March 10 2010 Retrieved February 15 2011 2010 Georgia Logistics Report PDF Factor 2 Infrastructure Georgia Institute of Technology p 53 retrieved February 15 2011 a b Glynn County Courthouse University System of Georgia Digital Library of Georgia Retrieved December 23 2008 a b c d History of Brunswick Georgia Old Town Brunswick Preservation Association Todd Gwynn Retrieved February 15 2011 Official website of the City of Brunswick City of Brunswick Retrieved May 25 2009 a b c d Nixon Raymond B June 17 1945 Constitution s Founder Fought for Georgia with Pen and Sword The Atlanta Constitution Retrieved April 7 2019 McCash June Hall 2005 Jekyll Island s Early Years From Prehistory Through Reconstruction University of Georgia Press p 160 ISBN 978 0 8203 2447 0 AJC History The Story of the Atlanta Journal Constitution The Atlanta Journal Constitution 2019 Archived from the original on April 1 2019 Retrieved April 7 2019 a b Wetherington Mark V September 1 2001 The New South Comes to Wiregrass Georgia 1860 1910 Timber is King Univ of Tennessee Press pp 113 114 ISBN 978 1 57233 168 6 a b c Brunswick Georgia s history with tropical systems Hurricane City Retrieved December 24 2008 Sandrik Al Jarvinen Brian A Reevaluation of the Georgia and Northeast Florida tropical cyclone of 2 October 1898 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Archived from the original on August 22 2008 Retrieved December 24 2008 Brunswick Storm Swept PDF The New York Times October 4 1898 Retrieved December 24 2008 a b c Bagwell Tyler The streetcar days of Glynn County Archived from the original on January 6 2009 Retrieved December 27 2008 Bagwell Tyler The Early Years of Sea Island Georgia Archived from the original on January 6 2009 Retrieved December 27 2008 Blimps Over Brunswick GlynnCounty com Archived from the original on June 10 2011 Retrieved December 27 2008 Building Liberty Ships in Brunswick Digital Library of Georgia Archived from the original on July 13 2012 Retrieved December 27 2008 a b c d Ships Constructed in Brunswick Digital Library of Georgia Archived from the original on December 11 2012 Retrieved December 27 2008 J A Jones Brunswick Georgia Project Liberty Ship Archived from the original on December 26 2007 Retrieved December 27 2008 a b Brunswick at the New Georgia Encyclopedia New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved May 25 2009 Brunswick Harbor O amp M Georgia PDF United States Army Corps of Engineers Archived from the original PDF on June 17 2009 Retrieved May 25 2009 Ferguson Anna July 29 2008 Andrews Island conditions a concern The Brunswick News Altamaha Riverkeeper Archived from the original on September 18 2009 Retrieved May 25 2009 Brunswick at the Georgia Department of Community Affairs Georgia Department of Community Affairs 2007 Archived from the original on May 27 2011 Retrieved September 8 2007 Brunswick at Latitude amp Longitude Latitude amp Longitude 2008 Retrieved August 12 2008 Geographic Identifiers 2010 Demographic Profile Data G001 Brunswick city Georgia American Factfinder U S Census Bureau Retrieved November 22 2016 dead link World Map Koppen Geiger Climate Classification PDF Koppen Geiger Archived from the original PDF on March 25 2009 Retrieved May 12 2009 a b Brunswick Georgia Detailed Profile City Data com November 15 2007 Retrieved November 15 2007 a b c d Brunswick weather averages at The Weather Channel The Weather Channel Archived from the original on May 22 2011 Retrieved May 25 2009 White Christmas in Southeast The Atlanta Journal Constitution December 25 1989 Retrieved September 22 2008 a b Prokop Patrick History of Savannah area hurricanes WTOC TV Archived from the original on September 19 2008 Retrieved September 22 2008 Hurricane and near hurricane conditions in Georgia September 2004 Our Georgia History May 12 2009 Archived from the original on October 13 2008 Retrieved September 22 2008 NowData NOAA Online Weather Data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 8 2021 Station Brunswick GA U S Climate Normals 2020 U S Monthly Climate Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved May 8 2021 Brunswick Wood Preserving United States Environmental Protection Agency Archived from the original on November 22 2004 Retrieved September 22 2008 Hercules 009 Landfill United States Environmental Protection Agency Archived from the original on October 29 2005 Retrieved September 22 2008 Terry Creek Dredge Spoil Hercules Outfall United States Environmental Protection Agency Archived from the original on October 29 2005 Retrieved September 22 2008 Dolphins show high levels of PCB pollution Sarasota Dolphin Research Program Archived from the original on November 5 2013 Retrieved November 5 2013 Census of Population and Housing Census gov Retrieved June 4 2015 2020 ACS Age and Sex Statistics U S Census Bureau Retrieved July 13 2022 2020 ACS Income Estimates U S Census Bureau Retrieved July 13 2022 2020 ACS Financial Estimates U S Census Bureau Retrieved July 13 2022 2020 ACS Financial Characteristics For Housing Units With Mortgages U S Census Bureau Retrieved July 13 2022 a b Profile for General Demographics PDF U S Census Bureau Archived from the original PDF on October 29 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 Religion in Brunswick Georgia Sperling s BestPlaces Retrieved July 12 2022 General Missionary Baptist Convention of Georgia gmbcofgeorgia org Retrieved July 13 2022 Church Directory Fellowship Missionary Baptist Convention of Georgia November 13 2017 Retrieved July 13 2022 SBC Churches Directory Southern Baptist Convention Retrieved July 13 2022 Listings in Brunswick Roman Catholic Diocese of Savannah Retrieved July 13 2022 Find a Church General Council of the Assemblies of God Retrieved July 13 2022 Church Locator Church Of God Retrieved July 13 2022 About the Temple Temple Beth Tefilloh Retrieved July 13 2022 Business Climate Brunswick Georgia com Archived from the original on May 23 2007 Retrieved September 21 2008 Ports and Locations Nature s Passage Archived from the original on August 8 2007 Retrieved September 21 2008 a b Sloan Steven January 16 2004 GLOVIS America moving auto processing to Brunswick Atlanta Business Chronicle Retrieved September 21 2008 Georgia Ports Authority AnchorAge PDF Georgia Ports Authority p 8 Archived from the original PDF on October 29 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 EconSouth Third Quarter 2001 Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Retrieved September 21 2008 MBUSA Announces Plan to Move Vehicle Preparation Center to Brunswick Georgia Indiacar net May 18 2007 Archived from the original on June 15 2010 Retrieved September 21 2008 Mercedes Benz USA Breaks Ground On New Vehicle Preparation Center in Brunswick Georgia The Auto Channel August 28 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 Dever Paul February 26 1997 Mercedes to Export from Brunswick Georgia The Auto Channel Retrieved September 21 2008 The Drive to Move South Automotive Manufacturers Locating Plants in the South PDF Southern Legislative Conference p 7 Archived from the original PDF on October 1 2005 Retrieved September 21 2008 Schoolcraft Lisa September 17 1999 Jaguars roll into Brunswick Jacksonville not a contender Jacksonville Business Journal Retrieved September 21 2008 Sloan Steven March 12 2004 Porsche to ship Carrera GTs through Georgia Atlanta Business Chronicle Retrieved September 21 2008 The Automobile Industry in Georgia PDF Southern Legislative Conference p 1 Archived from the original PDF on June 20 2006 Retrieved September 21 2008 Georgia port gets BMW nod The Post and Courier The Post and Courier Archived from the original on March 16 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 Volkswagen of America PRNWire com April 24 2002 Retrieved September 21 2008 a b c 15 Largest Companies PDF Brunswick and Glynn County Development Authority Archived from the original PDF on July 11 2011 Retrieved February 23 2011 Georgia Ports Authority Facilities Georgia Ports Authority Archived from the original on October 26 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 Mayor s Point Terminal Specifications Georgia Ports Authority Archived from the original on May 9 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 Colonel s Island Terminal Specifications Georgia Ports Authority Archived from the original on June 12 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 Glynco Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Retrieved September 21 2008 a b Industries Brunswick amp Glynn County Development Authority Archived from the original on September 4 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 About GP Cellulose Georgia Pacific Retrieved September 21 2008 a b GP Cellulose Operations Georgia Pacific Retrieved September 21 2008 About Hercules Hercules Inc Archived from the original on September 15 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 Gulfstream Brunswick Georgia Gulfstream Aerospace Archived from the original on March 25 2014 Retrieved September 21 2008 a b Brunswick and the Golden Isles of Georgia Brunswick Golden Isles Visitors Bureau Archived from the original on September 13 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 Oliver Mark G8 leaders meet on remote island Guardian Manchester June 8 2004 Coastal Symphony of Georgia history Archived from the original on July 25 2011 Retrieved February 8 2011 Ritz Theatre history at Golden Isles Arts and Humanities Association Archived from the original on December 19 2010 Retrieved February 8 2011 Art Downtown and Gallery 209 Archived from the original on February 10 2011 Retrieved February 8 2011 Gallery on Newcastle Archived from the original on July 16 2011 Retrieved February 8 2011 Dickson Terry November 28 2010 Old Town Brunswick homes offer a glimpse of Christmases past The Florida Times Union Retrieved February 8 2011 Harris Ann October 24 1993 Who Invented Brunswick Stew Hush Up and Eat The New York Times Retrieved September 19 2008 Brunswick Stew SherpaGuides com Retrieved September 19 2008 Visit Brunswick amp the Golden Isles GeorgiaTouristGuide com Retrieved September 19 2008 Brunswick Rockin Stewbilee Archived from the original on September 21 2008 Retrieved September 19 2008 Woodward Stan Stewbilee Stan Woodward Studios Archived from the original on November 22 2008 Retrieved September 19 2008 Shrimp Industry The New Georgia Encyclopedia Retrieved September 19 2008 Brunswick Vacation Home Rentals The Weather Channel Retrieved September 19 2008 Lenz Richard Brunswick SherpaGuides com Retrieved September 19 2008 Introduction to Brunswick Frommers com Retrieved September 19 2008 Ferguson Anna July 30 2008 Shrimping industry reels from fuel prices The Brunswick News The Brunswick News Retrieved September 19 2008 permanent dead link The 2008 Jekyll Island Wild Georgia Shrimp amp Grits Festival Wild Georgia Shrimp Jekyll Island Retrieved September 19 2008 Commercial Crabbers to Get Financial Aid Georgia Department of Natural Resources September 12 2003 Archived from the original on July 5 2004 Retrieved September 19 2008 Talentino Susanne Oyster Shell Bagging Event Brunswick Georgia CoastalCompanion com Retrieved September 19 2008 Golden Isles Speedway Retrieved September 19 2008 a b Honors and Accolades Sea Island Company Archived from the original on September 12 2008 Retrieved September 19 2008 a b Brunswick Georgia Golf Courses GolfLink Retrieved September 19 2008 Welcome to the Georgia Coast OfficialGuide com Archived from the original on September 14 2008 Retrieved September 20 2008 Brunswick Gateway to the Golden Isles GatewayToTheGoldenIsles com Archived from the original on September 24 2005 Retrieved September 20 2008 a b c d e f g h Minor league baseball statistics for Brunswick Georgia Minor Leagues Research Committee Baseball Reference com Retrieved July 13 2011 1954 season of the Georgia Florida League Minor Leagues Research Committee Baseball Reference com Retrieved July 13 2011 1955 season of the Georgia Florida League Minor Leagues Research Committee Baseball Reference com Retrieved July 13 2011 Availability of minor league baseball statistics Minor Leagues Research Committee Society for American Baseball Research Retrieved July 13 2011 http historicbrunswickfoundation org dart house html Dart house 1 Places in Peril a b c d Parks and Recreation Department City of Brunswick Archived from the original on August 1 2008 Retrieved September 19 2008 The Streets and Squares of Olde Brunswick GlynnCounty com Retrieved September 19 2008 Lover s Oak GlynnCounty com Archived from the original on July 11 2011 Retrieved September 23 2008 a b Lover s Oak State of Georgia Retrieved September 23 2008 permanent dead link Barefoot Patricia 2000 Brunswick The City by the Sea Arcadia Publishing p 46 ISBN 9781439610855 via Google Books Blythe Island Regional Park Glynn County GA Official Website glynncounty org Retrieved June 20 2018 a b City Commissioners City of Brunswick Retrieved March 4 2014 Brunswick Swears in First African American Mayor News 4 Jax WJXT January 8 2014 Retrieved March 4 2014 City Manager Three coastal Georgia cities on China friendship trip JiangXi China Wikimedia Foundation November 10 2008 Archived from the original on June 29 2014 Retrieved May 26 2009 Ganzhou and Brunswick become sister cities Gannan Daily Wikimedia Foundation April 7 2009 Retrieved May 26 2009 permanent dead link Dickson Terry April 4 2009 Brunswick greets Chinese delegation The Georgia Times Union Wikimedia Foundation Retrieved May 26 2009 Brunswick Center College of Coastal Georgia College of Coastal Georgia Archived from the original on September 13 2008 Retrieved September 20 2008 College of Coastal Georgia Infoplease com Retrieved September 20 2008 Millsaps John June 11 2008 Regents Approve Name and Degrees for the College of Coastal Georgia University System of Georgia Archived from the original on September 6 2008 Retrieved September 20 2008 College of Coastal Georgia Community College Review Archived from the original on September 19 2008 Retrieved September 20 2008 a b Glynn County Schools Glynn County School System Archived from the original on September 17 2008 Retrieved September 20 2008 a b Community Services Brunswick Georgia com Archived from the original on July 23 2008 Retrieved September 20 2008 Glynn Academy Campus History Glynn County School System Archived from the original on September 28 2008 Retrieved August 13 2008 The History of Glynn Academy Glynn County School System Archived from the original on September 25 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 About BHS Glynn County School System Archived from the original on September 11 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 Glynn County Private Schools Private Schools Report Archived from the original on July 19 2008 Retrieved September 20 2008 St Francis Xavier Catholic School Private Schools Report Archived from the original on October 20 2006 Retrieved September 21 2008 Temple of Truth Christian Community School Private Schools Report Archived from the original on October 20 2006 Retrieved September 21 2008 Emmanuel Christian School Private Schools Report Archived from the original on July 19 2012 Retrieved September 21 2008 Goldengate Christian Academy Private Schools Report Archived from the original on July 28 2012 Retrieved September 21 2008 Christian Renewal Academy Private Schools Report Archived from the original on October 10 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 The Whitefield School Private Schools Report Archived from the original on October 17 2006 Retrieved September 21 2008 Frederica Academy Private Schools Report Archived from the original on October 11 2008 Retrieved September 21 2008 The Brunswick News Retrieved August 19 2007 The Georgia Times Union Brunswick Online com Archived from the original on March 26 2006 Retrieved September 23 2008 The Harbor Sound GlynnCounty com Archived from the original on July 11 2011 Retrieved September 23 2008 The Islander Newspaper Orthodox Biz Archived from the original on December 10 2009 Retrieved September 23 2008 The Fan SportsRadio 790 WSFN Retrieved September 23 2008 a b Radio Stations in Brunswick Georgia ontheradio net Retrieved September 23 2008 Barton Susanna August 23 1996 New ABC station won t reach all of Jacksonville Jacksonville Business Journal Retrieved September 23 2008 WJXT may air newscasts on WBSG Jacksonville Business Journal April 11 2001 Retrieved September 23 2008 a b c d Brunswick Georgia Movie Titles The Internet Movie Database Retrieved September 23 2008 The Longest Yard The Internet Movie Database Retrieved September 23 2008 Transportation DiscoverOurTown com Retrieved September 22 2008 DayJet Discontinues Passenger Operations DayJet Archived from the original on September 20 2008 Retrieved September 22 2008 CSX railway map CSX Retrieved September 22 2008 Norfolk Southern railway map Norfolk Southern Archived from the original on May 17 2007 Retrieved September 22 2008 Golden Isles Terminal Railroad Georgia s Railroad History amp Heritage Retrieved September 22 2008 Southern Railway timetable April 26 1964 Table 9 https streamlinermemories info South SRR64 4TT pdf Southern Railway Table 9 Official Guide of the Railways National Railway Publication Company 98 8 January 1966 Amtrak Jesup Amtrak Retrieved September 22 2008 Sidney Lanier Bridge GlynnCounty com Archived from the original on June 10 2011 Retrieved September 22 2008 Herald Banner Newspaper Archive November 12 1972 Retrieved September 22 2008 Collision with Sidney Lanier Bridge Defense Technical Information Center Archived from the original on May 20 2011 Retrieved September 22 2008 Georgia Death Toll Now 10 in Ship Bridge Accident The New York Times November 12 1972 Retrieved September 22 2008 State Report 1 4 million bid accepted to fix bridge hit by ship The Atlanta Journal Constitution May 16 1987 Retrieved September 22 2008 a b c Sidney Lanier Cable Stayed Bridge Brunswick GA USA roadtraffic technology com Retrieved September 23 2008 Map of Brunswick Georgia Google Maps Retrieved August 19 2007 Glynn County Bus Transit Application Glynn County Archived from the original on September 27 2007 Retrieved August 19 2007 a b c d e f g Brunswick Campus Southeast Georgia Health System Archived from the original on December 20 2008 Retrieved September 23 2008 Brennaman Chris October 24 2004 Hospital feeling large The Brunswick News Archived from the original on May 25 2006 Retrieved September 23 2008 Daniel Trenton July 27 2004 First Black Mayor in Dade The Miami Herald Brunswick Georgia and the building of Liberty Ships brochure published by Brunswick and Golden Isles Convention and Visitors CenterExternal links Edit Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Brunswick Georgia Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Brunswick Georgia Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brunswick Georgia City of Brunswick official website History of Brunswick Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Brunswick Georgia amp oldid 1130950048, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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