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Vanderbilt University

January 13, 2023

"Vandy" redirects here. For other uses, see Vandy (disambiguation).

Vanderbilt University (informally Vandy or VU) is a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded in 1873, it was named in honor of shipping and rail magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, who provided the school its initial $1-million endowment in the hopes that his gift and the greater work of the university would help to heal the sectional wounds inflicted by the Civil War.[10]

Vanderbilt University
Former name
Central University
(1873–1877)
MottoCrescere aude (Latin)[1]
Motto in English
"Dare to grow"[1]
TypePrivate research university
Established1873; 150 years ago (1873)
AccreditationSACS
Academic affiliations
Endowment$10.9 billion (2021)[3][4]
ChancellorDaniel Diermeier
ProvostC. Cybele Raver
Academic staff
4,783 (2020)[5]
Total staff
9,253[6]
Students13,796 (Fall 2021)[7]
Undergraduates7,111 (Fall 2021)[7]
Postgraduates6,685 (Fall 2021)[7]
Location
Nashville
,
Tennessee
,
United States

36°08′55″N 86°48′18″W / 36.148649°N 86.804972°W / 36.148649; -86.804972Coordinates: 36°08′55″N 86°48′18″W / 36.148649°N 86.804972°W / 36.148649; -86.804972
CampusLarge City,[8] 330 acres (1.3 km2)
NewspaperThe Vanderbilt Hustler
ColorsBlack and gold[9]
   
NicknameCommodores
Sporting affiliations
MascotMr. Commodore (Mr. C)
Websitewww.vanderbilt.edu

Vanderbilt enrolls approximately 13,800 students from the US and over 100 foreign countries. Vanderbilt is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".[11] Several research centers and institutes are affiliated with the university, including the Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities, the Freedom Forum First Amendment Center, and Dyer Observatory. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, formerly part of the university, became a separate institution in 2016. With the exception of the off-campus observatory, all of the university's facilities are situated on its 330-acre (1.3 km2) campus in the heart of Nashville, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from downtown.

The Fugitives and Southern Agrarians were based at the university in the first half of the 20th century and helped revive Southern literature among others.[12][13] Vanderbilt is a founding member of the Southeastern Conference and has been the conference's only private school since 1966.[14]

Vanderbilt alumni, faculty, and staff have included 54 current and former members of the United States Congress, 18 U.S. Ambassadors, 13 governors, 11 billionaires, eight Nobel Prize laureates, two Vice Presidents of the United States, and two U.S. Supreme Court Justices. Other notable alumni include three Pulitzer Prize winners, 27 Rhodes Scholars,[15] two Academy Award winners, one Grammy Award winner, six MacArthur Fellows, four foreign heads of state, and five Olympic medallists. Vanderbilt has more than 145,000 alumni, with 40 alumni clubs established worldwide.[16]

History

Founding and early years

 
Cornelius Vanderbilt
 
Drawing of Vanderbilt University's Main Campus from Appletons' Cyclopedia of American Biography (1889)

In the years before the American Civil War of 1861–1865, the Methodist Episcopal Church South had been considering the creation of a regional university for the training of ministers in a location central to its congregations.[17] Following lobbying by Nashville bishop Holland Nimmons McTyeire, church leaders voted to found "The Central University of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South" in Nashville in 1872.[17][18] However, lack of funds and the ravaged state of the Reconstruction Era South delayed the opening of the college.[17]

The following year, McTyeire stayed at the New York City residence of Cornelius Vanderbilt, whose second wife was Frank Armstrong Crawford Vanderbilt (1839–1885), a cousin of McTyeire's wife, Amelia Townsend McTyeire (1827–1891); both women were from Mobile, Alabama.[19][20][21] Cornelius Vanderbilt, the wealthiest man in the United States at the time, had been planning to establish a university on Staten Island, New York, in honor of his mother.[17] However, McTyeire convinced him to donate $500,000 to endow Central University in order to "contribute to strengthening the ties which should exist between all sections of our common country".[17][22]

The endowment was eventually increased to $1 million (roughly $23 million in 2021) and though Vanderbilt never expressed any desire that the university be named after him,[17] McTyeire and his fellow trustees rechristened the school in the Spring of 1873 in his honor.[17][23] They acquired land formerly owned by Texas Senator John Boyd and inherited by his granddaughter and her husband, Confederate Congressman Henry S. Foote, who had built Old Central, a house still standing on campus.[24]

The first building, Main Building, later known as Kirkland Hall, was designed by William Crawford Smith, a Confederate veteran who also designed the Parthenon; its construction began in 1874.[25][26] In the fall of 1875, about 200 students enrolled at Vanderbilt, and in October the university was dedicated.[17] Bishop McTyeire was named chairman of the Board of Trust for life by Vanderbilt as a stipulation of his endowment.[17] McTyeire named Landon Garland (1810–1895), his mentor from Randolph-Macon College in Virginia and then-Chancellor of the University of Mississippi, as chancellor. As chancellor, he shaped the school's structure and hired the school's faculty, many of whom were renowned scholars in their respective fields.[22] However, most of this faculty left after disputes with Bishop McTyeire, including over pay rates.[17] When the first fraternity chapter, Phi Delta Theta, was established on campus in 1876, it was shut down by the faculty, only to be reestablished as a secret society in 1877.[27] Meanwhile, Old Gym, designed by Peter J. Williamson, was built in 1879–1880.[26] By 1883, the Board of Trust passed a resolution allowing fraternities on campus, and more chapters were established in 1884.[27]

Connections to slavery

Many of the university's early leaders had prominent ties to slavery and the Confederacy before the Civil War. Frank Vanderbilt was "a Confederate sympathizer" during the Civil War.[28] McTyeire was born into a slave-owning family and authored an essay in favor of slavery.[29] Garland owned "up to 60 slaves" before the Civil War.[29]

One of the founding trustees, Hezekiah William Foote, was a Confederate veteran and the owner of four plantations in Mississippi, including Mount Holly.[30] The Treasurer of the Board of Trust from 1872 to 1875, Alexander Little Page Green, whose portrait hangs in Kirkland Hall,[31] was a Methodist preacher and a former slave owner.[32] His son-in-law, Robert A. Young, was a Methodist minister who served as the Financial Secretary on the Board of Trust from 1874 to 1882, retiring from the board in 1902.[25] The Elliston family, who owned slaves, donated some of their Burlington Plantation, in one of the first expansions of the campus.[when?][33]

Split with the Methodist Church

 
Bishop Holland McTyeire

During the first 40 years, the Board of Trust, and therefore the university, was under the control of the General Conference (the governing body) of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.[17] Tension grew between the university administration and the Conference over the future of the school, particularly over the methods by which members of the Vanderbilt Board of Trust would be chosen, and the extent that non-Methodists could teach at the school.[17]

Conflicts escalated after James H. Kirkland was appointed chancellor in 1893.[17] Then the Southern Methodist Church congregations raised just $50,000 in a campaign to raise $300,000.[17]

After the Tennessee Centennial Exposition of 1897, a statue of Cornelius Vanderbilt, designed by Italian sculptor Giuseppe Moretti,[34] was moved from the grounds of the Parthenon to the Vanderbilt campus.[35]

In 1905, Kirkland Hall burnt down, only to be rebuilt shortly after.[26] Meanwhile, the Board of Trust voted to limit Methodist representation on the board to just five bishops.[17] Former faculty member and bishop Elijah Hoss led a group attempting to assert Methodist control.[17] In 1910, the board refused to seat three Methodist bishops.[17] The Methodist Church took the issue to court and won at the local level. On March 21, 1914, the Tennessee Supreme Court ruled that the Commodore, and not the Methodist Church, was the university's founder and that the board could therefore seat whomever it wished.[17] The General Conference in 1914 voted 151 to 140 to sever its ties with Vanderbilt; it also voted to establish a new university, Southern Methodist University, and to greatly expand Emory University.[17][36]

Colonel Edmund William Cole, the treasurer of the Board of Trust, was a Confederate veteran and a railroad executive.[37][38] He is the namesake of the annual Cole Lecture; his marble bust and his wife's portrait can be seen in Kirkland Hall.[38][39] His son, Whitefoord Russell Cole, who was the chairman of the Board of Trust from 1915 to 1934, defended Chancellor Kirkland's decision to split with the Methodist Church.[40][41] His portrait hangs in Kirkland Hall, and he is the namesake of Cole Hall, completed in 1949.[41]

1920s through World War II

 
Postcard of Furman Hall, built circa 1930
 
Furman Hall in 2022

In the 1920s and 1930s, Vanderbilt University hosted two partly overlapping groups of scholars who had a large impact on American thought and letters: the Fugitives and the Agrarians.[17] Meanwhile, Frank C. Rand, who served as the President and later Chairman of the International Shoe Company, donated US$150,000 to the university in 1925;[42] Rand Hall was subsequently named for him.

In 1928, the construction of three more buildings was completed: Garland Hall, named for Chancellor Landon Garland; Buttrick Hall, named for Wallace Buttrick of the General Education Board; and Calhoun Hall, named for William Henry Calhoun, a silversmith, Odd Fellows Grand Master and slave owner.[43]

In 1933, the United Daughters of the Confederacy donated $50,000 (roughly $925,166 in 2015 dollars[44]) for the construction of Confederate Memorial Hall, designed by architect Henry C. Hibbs.[45] It was completed in 1935.[45]

In the 1930s, Ernest William Goodpasture and his colleagues in the School of Medicine invented methods for cultivating viruses and rickettsiae in fertilized chicken eggs.[46] This work made possible the production of vaccines against chicken pox, smallpox, yellow fever, typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever and other diseases caused by agents that only propagate in living cells.[46] Alfred Blalock, Professor of Surgery, and his assistant Vivian Thomas identified a decrease in blood volume and fluid loss outside the vascular bed as a key factor in traumatic shock and pioneered the use of replacement fluids for its treatment.[47] This treatment saved countless lives in World War II,[47] during which Vanderbilt was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.[48]

German biophysicist Max Delbrück joined the Department of Physics in 1940, and in the following year he met Italian microbiologist Salvador Luria, who began visiting Vanderbilt.[49] In 1942, they published on bacterial resistance to virus infection mediated by random mutation. The culminating Luria–Delbrück experiment, also called the Fluctuation Test, demonstrated that Darwin's theory of natural selection acting on random mutations applies to bacteria as well as to more complex organisms. The 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to both scientists in part for this work.[50]

Shortly after the war, from 1945 to 1947, researchers at Vanderbilt University conducted an experiment funded by the Rockefeller Foundation where they gave 800 pregnant women radioactive iron[51][52][53] without their consent.[52][53] In a lawsuit the women received US$9.1 million from Vanderbilt University and US$900,000 from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1998.[52]

 
Main Campus, looking toward West End Avenue

1950s and 1960s

 
Old Mechanical, now part of The Owen Graduate School of Management

In the early 1950s, some of the first women graduated as engineers. Women's rights advocate Maryly Van Leer Peck graduated as the first chemical engineer in 1951 after not being able to study this field at Georgia Tech where her father was president.[54][55] In 1953, Chancellor Branscomb orchestrated admission of the first African American student to Vanderbilt, in the School of Divinity.[56] In 1960, under intense pressure from the Vanderbilt Board of Trust, especially James Geddes Stahlman, a Trustee and the influential editor of the local newspaper, Branscomb expelled Divinity student James Lawson. Lawson was a Congress of Racial Equality leader who organized sit-ins in defiance of Nashville's segregation laws. A dozen faculty members resigned in protest. Branscomb later re-examined his decision, regretting he did not consider referring it to committee to delay action for three months until Lawson's graduation.[57] The school was placed on probation for a year by the American Association of Theological Schools, and the power of trustees was curtailed.[58] The university took Stahlman's $5 million donation in 1972–1973,[59] and named a professorship in his honor.[60] In 2005, Lawson was re-hired as a Distinguished University Professor for the 2006–2007 academic year. He was named a Distinguished Alumnus for his achievements.[61]

In May 1962 the Board of Trustees approved a recommendation from Chancellor Branscomb to admit African Americans in all of the University's educational schools.[57] The first black undergraduates entered the school in the fall of 1964.[56] The university drew national attention in 1966 when it recruited Perry Wallace, the first African American to play varsity basketball in the Southeastern Conference (SEC).[62] Wallace, from Nashville, played varsity basketball for Vanderbilt from 1967 to 1970, and faced considerable opposition from segregationists when playing at other SEC venues.[63] In 2004, a student-led drive to retire Wallace's jersey finally succeeded.[63][a]

In 1964, Vanderbilt held its first IMPACT Symposium, which has since become a university tradition of hosting speakers in a multi-day annual symposium to discuss current events and topics of a controversial nature.[69] Participants have included Martin Luther King Jr., Allen Ginsberg, Stokely Carmichael, Strom Thurmond, Robert F. Kennedy, Margaret Thatcher, Madeleine Albright, Vicente Fox, Ehud Barak, and multiple Presidents of the United States.[70]

1970s to present

In March 1978, Vanderbilt hosted the South African tennis team in Memorial Gymnasium for the Davis Cup.[71] The match was disrupted by anti-apartheid protesters who chanted "Don't play with apartheid",[71] and a copy editor for The Tennessean was removed by police.[72]

In 1979, Vanderbilt acquired Peabody College, then called the "George Peabody College for Teachers", residing on 53 acres adjacent to the university.[73] Peabody College traces its history to the 1785 Davidson Academy.

 
Kirkland Hall in February 2021

In the early 1980s, Vanderbilt University was an investor the Corrections Corporation of America prior to its IPO.[74][75] The company was co-founded by Thomas W. Beasley, a Vanderbilt Law School alumnus who was honored with a Distinguished Alumnus Award.[75][76]

In 1989, the university began offering Posse Foundation scholarships to groups of promising young leaders from urban backgrounds to increase their share of diverse students.[77] By 1995, 4.23% of the undergraduate student body was African-American.[77]

In 2001, the university determined to remodel the undergraduate experience by creating an academic residential college system. Since then Vanderbilt has been constructing new buildings and renovating existing structures to support the college system.[78][79]

In 2002, the university decided to rename Confederate Memorial Hall, a residence hall on the Peabody campus to Memorial Hall.[80] Nationwide attention resulted, in part due to a lawsuit by the Tennessee chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.[81] The Davidson County Chancery Court dismissed the lawsuit in 2003, but the Tennessee Court of Appeals ruled in May 2005 that the university must pay damages based on the present value of the United Daughters of the Confederacy's contribution if the inscription bearing the name "Confederate Memorial Hall" was removed from the building or altered.[82] The Court of Appeals' decision has been critiqued by legal scholars.[83] In late July 2005, the university announced that although it had officially renamed the building, and all university publications and offices will refer to it solely as Memorial Hall, the university would neither appeal the matter further, nor remove the inscription and pay damages.[84] In August 2016, the university agreed to remove the word "Confederate" from the building after "anonymous donors" donated $1.2 million to repay the United Daughters of the Confederacy.[85]

In 2009, Vanderbilt instituted a no-loan policy. The policy states that any student granted admission and a need-based aid package will have an award that includes no student loans.[86] Following this, in 2015, Vanderbilt implemented Opportunity Vanderbilt, which committed the university to need-blind admissions, meeting 100% of demonstrated financial need of admitted students, and including only grants in awards.[87]

In 2011, the Oakland Institute exposed a university investment in EMVest Asset Management, a private equity firm "accused of 'land grabbing,' or taking over agricultural land used by local communities through exploitative practices for large-scale commercial export farming in five sub-Saharan African countries.[88] The revelation led to student protests in 2012.[88][89] By 2013, Vanderbilt administrators had divested from EMVest.[88]

In 2012, Vanderbilt built Elliston Hall in honor of Elizabeth Boddie Elliston of the Burlington Plantation.[33]

In 2015, Vanderbilt opened a new innovation center, the Wond'ry, as part of its Academic Strategic Plan. The three-story, 13,000-square foot building is meant to serve as an interdisciplinary hub of knowledge for the Vanderbilt community, serving as the location of hackathons, partnerships with the Nashville Entrepreneurship Center, and several social venture programs.[90]

Academics

Admissions statistics
2021 entering
class[91][92]
Admit rate6.7%
Yield rate39.2%
Test scores middle 50%
SAT EBRW730-780
SAT Math770-800
ACT Composite33-36
 
E. Bronson Ingram College

As of 2021, Vanderbilt had an enrollment of 7,111 undergraduate and 6,685 graduate and professional students, for a total of 13,796 students.[16] Students from all 50 states and more than 100 countries attend Vanderbilt, with 68% of the undergraduate student body coming from outside the South and 10% from outside of the United States.[16] As of 2022, the incoming undergraduate class was 49% male and 51% female.[16] Moreover, 12.7% of the class was classified as Hispanic, 11.9% Black or African American, 16.9% Asian, 6% other/two or more races, and 10.4% international.[16] 88% of Vanderbilt's students graduate in four years and 93% within six years.[16] 97% of first-years return for their second year.[93]

Vanderbilt lets undergraduates choose among 70 majors, or create their own, in its four undergraduate schools and colleges: the College of Arts and Science, the School of Engineering, Peabody College of Education and Human Development, and Blair School of Music.[10] The university also has six graduate and professional schools, including the Divinity School, Graduate School, Law School, School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and Owen Graduate School of Management.[10][94] As of 2021, Vanderbilt has a student-to-faculty ratio of 8:1.[95]

The university's undergraduate programs are highly selective: in 2022, Vanderbilt's acceptance rate and yield rate was 6.1% and 39.2%, respectively. Vanderbilt is the most selective university in the state of Tennessee.[96][97][16][98]

Despite having one of the lowest overall undergraduate acceptance rates in the United States, Vanderbilt, among other institutions such as Northwestern University, Northeastern University and Tulane University, has come under scrutiny for "artificial deflation" of their acceptance rate, making the schools seem much more selective than they actually are.[99] [100] In the most recent admissions cycle, 54% of the class was accepted in the two binding Early Decision rounds,[101] at an acceptance rate of 17.6%.[102]

In 2015, Vanderbilt was ranked fifth overall and fourth among private universities in enrollment of National Merit Scholars.[103] In its most recent annual comparison of admissions selectivity, The Princeton Review gave Vanderbilt a rating of 99 out of 99.[104] The class of 2023 included 231 National Merit Scholars and 116 valedictorians or salutatorians.[16] Additionally, the class had standardized test scores that were well above average: the interquartile range (25th percentile – 75th percentile) of SAT scores was 1460–1560, while the interquartile range of ACT scores was 33–35.[16] For students of the class of 2016 whose schools reported exact class rankings, 93% ranked in the top 10% of their class.[105]

Research

According to the National Science Foundation, Vanderbilt spent $738 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 31st in the nation.[106][107] In 2013, Vanderbilt University was ranked ninth in the country in funding from the National Institutes of Health.[108] Its Institute for Space and Defense Electronics, housed in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, includes the largest academic facility in the world involved in radiation-effects research.[109]

 
The Wond'ry is Vanderbilt's Center for Innovation and Design
 
Olin Hall, adjacent to The Wond'ry

Among its more unusual activities, the university has institutes devoted to the study of coffee and of bridge.[110] Indeed, the modern form of the latter was developed by Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, a former president of the university's Board of Trust and a great-grandson of the Commodore.[110] In addition, in mid-2004 it was announced that Vanderbilt's chemical biology research may have serendipitously opened the door to the breeding of a blue rose, something that has long been coveted by horticulturalists and rose lovers.[111]

In 2010, the Center for Intelligent Mechatronics at Vanderbilt began testing a powered exoskeleton intended to assist paraplegics, stroke victims and other paralyzed or semi-paralyzed people to walk independently.[112] The Vanderbilt exoskeleton received funding from Parker Hannifin Corporation in 2012 and has since gone to market internationally.[113]

Vanderbilt is a discovering institution of Tennessine, atomic number 117 on the periodic table of elements with the symbol Ts, collaborating with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow Oblast, Russia and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.[114] It was officially named after the state of Tennessee by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics in 2016.[115]

The university's research record is blemished, however, by a study university researchers, in conjunction with the Tennessee Department of Health, conducted on iron metabolism during pregnancy in the 1940s.[116] Between 1945 and 1949, over 800 pregnant women were given radioactive iron. Standards of informed consent for research subjects were not rigorously enforced at that time,[b] and many of the women were not informed of the potential risks. The injections were later suspected to have caused cancer in at least three of the children who were born to these mothers.[117] In 1998, the university settled a class action lawsuit with the mothers and surviving children for $10.3 million.[118]

Rankings

Vanderbilt is ranked the 116th best university in the world in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings,[130] and 33rd in the United States by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.[131] Reuters ranked it the tenth most innovative university in the world.[132]

 
Built in 1880 with funding from William Henry Vanderbilt, The Old Gym now houses the Office of Undergraduate Admissions.
 
Alumni Hall
 
Between Old Gym and E. Bronson Ingram College

In its 2022 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked Vanderbilt 13th among all national universities.[133] In the same publication's graduate program rankings, the Peabody College of Education was ranked fourth in the nation among schools of education,[134] and the Vanderbilt Law School was listed at 18th, the School of Medicine was listed at 18th among research-oriented medical schools, the School of Nursing was listed at ninth, the School of Engineering was listed at 39th, and the Owen Graduate School of Management was listed at 23rd among business schools.[135] Additionally, U.S. News & World Report ranked Vanderbilt first in the nation in the fields of special education, educational administration, and audiology.[135] In 2014, the Owen Graduate School of Management was ranked 30th by Bloomberg Businessweek among full-time MBA programs.[136]

The Academic Ranking of World Universities ranks Vanderbilt as the 62nd-best university in the world. Additionally the ARWU Field rankings in 2015 placed Vanderbilt as 18th best in the world for Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy, and 21st in Social Sciences.[137] In the Times Higher Education 2016 World University Rankings, Vanderbilt is 87th. The 2017/2018 QS World University Rankings ranked Vanderbilt 212th in the world. Human Resources & Labor Review, a national human competitiveness index & analysis, ranked the university as one of 50 Best World Universities in 2011.[138] The 2007 Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index, a measure of the scholarly output of the faculty of nearly 7,300 doctoral programs around the United States, ranked Vanderbilt eighth among large research universities, and first in the areas of comparative literature, educational leadership, pharmacology, Portuguese, Spanish, and special education.[139] Poets & Writers ranked Vanderbilt's English Department's MFA Program in Creative Writing 18th among the top 50 writing programs in the United States in 2010 and 14th in the United States in 2011.[140] Fortune magazine ranked Vanderbilt among the top 100 places to work in the United States, the only university on their list.[141] In 2018, Kiplinger's Best College Values rankings listed Vanderbilt as one of the top ten "best value" universities and one of the top five private universities for value.[142] In 2020, Money's "Best Colleges in America, Ranked by Value" rankings listed Vanderbilt as being the eighth-best value university in the nation.[143]

Vanderbilt does well in non-academic rankings as well. In 2017 alone, the university was ranked first for happiest students, second for quality of life, fifth for most beautiful campus, and fifth for best-run college by The Princeton Review.[144] In 2016, the university was listed by Travel + Leisure as having one of the most beautiful campuses in the country.[145] In 2016, Vanderbilt was ranked the third most intense college in the nation by Business Insider.[146] In 2018, the magazine listed Vanderbilt as the fifth smartest college in America.[147]

In 2022, Niche ranked Vanderbilt the 19th hardest college to get into in America.[148]

Campus

The Vanderbilt campus is located approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southwest of downtown in Midtown along both the city's bustling West End Avenue and 21st Avenue corridors. It has an area of 330 acres (1.3 km2), though this figure includes large tracts of sparsely used land in the southwest part of the main campus, as well as the Medical Center.[149] The historical core of campus encompasses approximately 75 acres (0.3 km2).[150]

The oldest part of the Vanderbilt campus is known for its abundance of trees and green space, which stand in contrast to the surrounding cityscape of urban Nashville.[151] The campus was designated as a national arboretum in 1988 by the Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta, and in 2020 it was accredited as a Level II arboretum by ArbNet.[152] Approximately 190 species of trees and shrubs can be found on campus.[151] One tree, the Bicentennial Oak between Rand Hall and Garland Hall, is certified to have lived during the American Revolution and is the oldest living thing on the campus.[151] In December 2015, a hackberry tree fell, leaving 10 students injured with "broken bones and stitches."[153][154]

Main campus

 
Bicentennial Oak, facing Buttrick Hall, predates the Revolutionary War
 
Sarratt Student Center

In the northeast corner of the campus (the base of the fan) is the original campus.[155] This section stretches from West End Avenue south to the Stevenson Center and west from 21st Avenue to Alumni Lawn. The majority of the buildings of the arts and humanities departments of the College of Arts and Science, as well as the facilities of the law school, Owen Graduate School of Management, and the divinity school, are located in the original campus. Additionally, the Heard Central Library and Sarratt Student Center/Rand Hall can be found on the original campus.[155]

Flanking the original campus to the south are the Stevenson Center for Science and Mathematics—built on a woodland once known as the Sacred Grove[156]—and the School of Engineering complex (Jacobs Hall-Featheringill Hall). Housing the Science Library, the School of Engineering, and all the science and math departments of the College of Arts and Science, this complex sits between the original campus and the Medical Center.[155] The Vanderbilt University Medical Center itself takes up the southeastern part of the campus.[155] Besides the various associated hospitals and clinics and the facilities of the Schools of Medicine and Nursing, the medical center also houses many major research facilities.

West of the original campus and the Medical Center, Greek Row and the bulk of the Vanderbilt residence halls are found.[155] From north to south, Carmichael Towers, Greek Row, Branscomb Quadrangle, and Highland Quadrangle house the vast majority of on-campus residents in facilities ranging from the double-occupancy, shared-bathroom dorms in Branscomb and Towers to the apartments and lodges in Highland Quadrangle.[155] There are 20 residence halls and apartments across both campuses.[93]

The design of the campus and buildings can be described as eclectic, with buildings of various styles and eras. The original 75-acre campus included 11 structures situated along ridge lines with sprawling views of downtown Nashville. The original campus gates are still located off 21st Avenue. Currently four of the original 11 campus structures still exist. One of these is Kirkland Hall, one of the more recognizable buildings on campus. Built in 1873, the original building had two Victorian towers. A major fire in 1905 severely damaged the building, and it was rebuilt with only one tower. The building was named after Chancellor James Hampton Kirkland, who served as Vanderbilt's chancellor from 1893 to 1937.[157] In recent years campus planners have strived to preserve the landscape and buildings like Kirkland Hall to keep the original core and maintain a compact, walkable campus.[158]

Memorial Gymnasium, Vanderbilt Stadium, Hawkins Field, McGugin Center, and all the other varsity athletic fields and facilities are to be found in the extreme west of campus.[155] The Student Recreation Center and its associated intramural fields are located south of the varsity facilities.[155]

 
View of the Owen Graduate School of Management
 
Peabody Library

Peabody campus

Directly across 21st Avenue from the Medical Center sits the campus of the Peabody College of Education and Human Development.[155] The design of the Peabody campus was inspired by the classical lines of Thomas Jefferson's design for the University of Virginia and the architecture of the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. The National Historic Landmarks program designated the central lawn and surrounding buildings as a historic district in 1965.[159] The Peabody campus is the location of the Martha Rivers Ingram Commons freshman residences.

 
View of Cohen Memorial Hall by the Martha Rivers Ingram Commons freshman residences.

Organization and administration

College/school
Year founded
Arts and Science
1873
Law
1874
Medicine
1874
Divinity
1875
Education and Human Development
1875, incorporated into Vanderbilt 1979
Graduate School
1879
Engineering
1886
Nursing
1908
Music
1964, incorporated into Vanderbilt 1986
Management
1969

Vanderbilt University, as a private corporation, is wholly governed by an independent, self-perpetuating Board of Trust. The board comprises 45 regular members (plus any number of trustees emeriti) and the chancellor, the university's chief executive officer.[160] Each trustee serves a five-year term (except for four recently graduated alumni, who serve two two-year terms). Bruce R. Evans is the board's chairman.[161]

Daniel Diermeier has served as chancellor of Vanderbilt University since July 1, 2020.

Administration history

Main article: List of Chancellors of Vanderbilt University

Since the opening of the university in 1875, only eight individuals have served as chancellor.[162] Landon Garland was the university's first chancellor, serving from 1875 to 1893.[162] Garland organized the university and hired its first faculty. Garland Hall, an academic building on campus, is named in his honor.[162]

The next chancellor was James Kirkland—serving from 1893 to 1937, he had the longest tenure of any Vanderbilt chancellor.[162] He was responsible for severing the university's ties with the Methodist Church and relocating the medical school to the main campus.[162] Vanderbilt's Main Building was renamed Kirkland Hall after Kirkland left in 1937.[162]

The longest-tenured chancellor was followed by one of the shortest-tenured.[162] Oliver Carmichael served Vanderbilt for just nine years, 1937 to 1946.[162] Carmichael developed the graduate school, and established the Joint University Libraries for Vanderbilt, Peabody, and Scarritt College.[162] Carmichael Towers, a set of high-rise dormitories on the northern edge of campus, were named for Chancellor Carmichael.[162]

Carmichael's successor was Harvie Branscomb.[162] Branscomb presided over a period of major growth and improvement at the university that lasted from 1946 until 1963.[162] He was responsible for opening the admissions policy to all races.[162] Branscomb Quadrangle is a residence hall complex named for the chancellor.[162]

Alexander Heard, for whom the campus's 10-library system (with 3.3 million total volumes) is named, served as chancellor from 1963 to 1982.[162] During his 20-year tenure, the Owen Graduate School of Management was founded, and Vanderbilt's merger with Peabody College was negotiated.[162] He also survived calls for his ouster because of his accommodating stance on desegregation.[162]

 
After a fire, Old Main Hall was rebuilt with one tower and renamed Kirkland Hall. It is currently home to Vanderbilt's administration.

Joe B. Wyatt was the chancellor who served immediately after Heard, from 1982 until 2000.[162] Wyatt oversaw a great increase in the university's endowment, an increase in student diversity, and the renovation of many campus buildings.[162] Wyatt placed great emphasis on improving the quality of faculty and instruction, and during his tenure Vanderbilt rose to the top 25 in the U.S. News & World Report's annual rankings for the first time.[163] The Wyatt Center on Peabody's campus is named for Wyatt and his wife.

Gee was appointed chancellor by the Board of Trust in February 2000.[162] After allegations of lavish spending in 2005, the Board of Trust established a committee to monitor his personal spending more closely.[164]

After Gordon Gee's departure in 2007, Zeppos was named interim chancellor.[165] He was named chancellor suo jure on March 1, 2008, by the university's Board of Trust.[166] In April 2019, Zeppos announced his intention to resign from the chancellorship on August 1, 2019.[167] Zeppos was succeeded by Interim Chancellor Susan R. Wente. On December 4, 2019, it was announced that Daniel Diermeier would be the next chancellor.

Medical Center

Until April 2016 Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) was a component of the university, but is now an independent organization. The Medical Center continues to cooperate with the university and many clinical staff serve as faculty members at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University School of Nursing.[168] As of April 2016, VUMC comprised the following units: Vanderbilt University Hospital, Monroe Carell Jr., Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, Vanderbilt Clinic, Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Vanderbilt Stallworth Rehabilitation Hospital, Eskind Biomedical Library, Vanderbilt Sports Medicine, Dayani Human Performance Center, Vanderbilt Page Campbell and Heart Institute.[169]

 
The entrance of Vanderbilt Medical School

Before splitting with VUMC, Vanderbilt was the largest private employer in Middle Tennessee and the second largest in the state with over 23,000 employees.[170][171] Approximately 74% of the university's faculty and staff were employed by the Medical Center.[10] In 2008, the medical center was placed on the Honor Roll of U.S. News & World Report's annual rating of the nation's best hospitals, ranking 15th overall in the country.[172]

Undergraduate schools and colleges

The College of Arts and Science confers the Bachelor of Arts degree on undergraduates, and, in conjunction with the Graduate School, the Master of Arts, Master of Science, and the Doctor of Philosophy degrees on graduate students.[10] The college occupies nearly 1.1 million square feet in 23 buildings across the Nashville campus.[173]

The school is the oldest and the largest of Vanderbilt's constituent colleges.[174] The college played host to two notable literary movements, the Fugitives and the Southern Agrarians; John Crowe Ransom was a member of the English department.[175] Robert Penn Warren is an alumnus of the college,[176] and the school still hosts the Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities.[177]

The college provides a liberal-arts-based education that requires the completion of 14 courses. The general requirements of the curriculum are outlined in the AXLE (Achieving Excellence in Liberal Education) framework. These include courses in Humanities and the Creative Arts, International Cultures (along with proficiency in a foreign language), History and Culture of the United States, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Perspectives, and three writing courses.[178]

The college provides academic resources and funding to several research centers, including the Center for Latin American Studies, the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions (CSDI), the Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities, and the Max Kade Center for European and German Studies.[179][180]

The most popular majors are economics; medicine, health, and society; political science; neuroscience; and psychology. The college also provides advising for pre-professional tracks, such as pre-med, pre-law, and pre-nursing.[181][182]

Student life

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
Race and ethnicity[183] Total
White 42% 42
 
Asian 16% 16
 
Black 11% 11
 
Other[c] 11% 11
 
Hispanic 10% 10
 
Foreign national 9% 9
 
Economic diversity
Low-income[d] 16% 16
 
Affluent[e] 84% 84
 

Residential college system

 
Kissam Hall was a men's dormitory from 1901 until it was demolished in 1958. The baths were all in the basement.
 
Warren College, which along with Moore College, are known as Kissam
 
E. Bronson Ingram College
 
Tolman Hall

In the early 2000s, Vanderbilt made a decision to convert its residence halls into an academic residential college system.[184][78] The intent is to form "a cohesive and growing network of residences that spark creativity, build community, support student success, and extend educational opportunities beyond the classroom."[185] The first phase of this conversion was opening in 2008 of The Martha Rivers Ingram Commons, which brought together all first-year students in 10 adjacent houses, each house guided by a faculty head of house, living among the students in a faculty apartment. It is planned that in their sophomore year, students will enter a Residential College that will be their home for the remainder of their undergraduate years. This residential option expands on the experience provided during students' first year on The Commons. The first two upperclass colleges are Warren College and Moore College, which opened in 2014.[185] They were constructed on the site of pre-existing dormitories known as the Kissam Quadrangle[185] E. Bronson Ingram College, on the site of the former Vanderbilt and Barnard Halls, opened in 2018.[185][79] Additional colleges are being constructed at the site of Carmichael Towers so that all upperclass students will reside in college.[185][79] The new College Halls are intended to complement the earlier communities, The McGill Project, Mayfield Lodges, and McTyeire International House.[185]

Two of the new residence halls have received LEED silver certification and the new Commons Dining Center has received gold certification, making Vanderbilt the only university in the state to be recognized by the U.S. Green Building Council.[186][187] The university expects all five of the new residence halls and one renovated residence hall to eventually receive LEED recognition.[188] The total cost of The Commons construction project is expected to be over $150 million.[189]

Generally, undergraduate students are required to live in dorms on campus, with first-year students all living in the ten resident halls of The Martha Rivers Ingram Commons and all upperclassmen living on the main campus.[190] Exceptions are made for students living with relatives in Davidson County, students with health exemptions, married students, and some students with senior standing.[190]

 
The Commons Center dining hall

Organizations

The university has over 430 student organizations, ranging from academic major societies and honoraries to recreational sports clubs, the oldest of which is the Vanderbilt Sailing Club.[191]

 
Sailing Club Regatta

One publication, The Vanderbilt Hustler, was established in 1888 and is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Nashville.[192] In Langford v. Vanderbilt University (1956), a student sued the university for libel;[193] the Tennessee court dismissed the lawsuit, concluding the university was not the owner of the newspaper.[194] Additional student publications include those published by the College of Arts & Science, such as the Vanderbilt Political Review and the Vanderbilt Historical Review, as well as the Vanderbilt University Law School, which publishes three law reviews; the flagship journal is the Vanderbilt Law Review. The on-campus radio station, WRVU, represents the student body by playing a range of music from bluegrass to choral, with a focus on non-mainstream music.[195]

Vanderbilt also has a large performing arts community spanning every genre of the arts with multiple organizations representing each category. There are dance groups covering contemporary, tap, hip hop, Latin, and Bhangra styles as well as numerous theatre, improvisation, spoken word, music and singing groups including the 2014 Sing-Off champion male a cappella group, The Melodores.[196] Performing arts organizations comprise over 1,000 students and are represented by the Vanderbilt Performing Arts Community, which supports groups by sponsoring performances and awards.

The student body is governed by Vanderbilt Student Government, which includes Senate, Judicial, and Executive Branches. This organization is responsible for the distribution of nearly $2 million in funds set aside by the university to fund student organizations. The VSG passed a bill in 2017 calling on Vanderbilt to divest from private prisons.[197]

Greek life

Vanderbilt's Greek system consists of 15 fraternities and 12 sororities.[198] Of this, 7 chapters are members of the National Pan-Hellenic Council. As of the 2021-22 academic year, 20% of men were members of fraternities and 26% of women were members of sororities, or 23% of total undergraduates were actively involved in the Greek system.

Student controversies

In 1980, several Vanderbilt students, one of whom was African-American, decided to hold Nat Turner Day to protest Kappa Alpha Order's celebration of Old South Day, when KA brothers dressed as Confederate States Army personnel.[199] The university administrators sided with KA, banned Nat Turner Day, and let KA parade in their Confederate costumes.[200] The African-American student was called a homophobic slur and beaten up by the KA chapter.[200]

On November 4, 2010, two anonymous former members of the Vanderbilt chapter, an alumnus and a senior student, alleged they were evicted from Beta Upsilon Chi, a Christian fraternity, for being gay.[201][202][203][204]

In the wake of a U.S. Supreme Court decision in 2011, four Christian student organizations were placed on probation due to non-compliance with the university's nondiscrimination policy, which requires student groups to accept all students and forbids them from requiring that their officers share the "beliefs, goals and values" embodied in the group.[205] Controversy continued to surround this issue throughout 2011 and 2012, culminating in a proposed state law exempting student organizations from nondiscrimination policies. Although the bill passed both houses of the Tennessee Legislature, it was vetoed by Governor Bill Haslam.[206]

In March 2015, three swastikas, a symbol of Nazi antisemitism, were found spray-painted in the elevator and basement inside the house of Alpha Epsilon Pi, one of the historically Jewish fraternities on campus.[207][208][209] The campus Hillel chapter called it "a malicious attack intended to bring to mind the horrors of the Holocaust, to force us to feel different, endangered and isolated."[210] The news, characterized as a "hate crime" by university officials, made national and international headlines, including in Israel.[207][208][209]

A 2015 survey reported that 20% of undergraduate students were sexually assaulted in 2014–2015.[211] Meanwhile, as of 2015, The Tennessean reports that the university is "under review by federal education officials, spurred by six current and former female students who filed a complaint about how Vanderbilt has handled cases of sexual misconduct."[211]

In April 2016 and June 2016, two former Vanderbilt football players were found guilty of charges related to the videotaped rape of an unconscious woman in a dorm room.[212] Cory Batey was convicted of aggravated rape, aggravated sexual battery, facilitation of aggravated rape, and attempted aggravated rape,[213] while Brandon Vandenburg was convicted of aggravated rape, aggravated sexual battery, and unlawful photography.[212][214] The two are among four former football players charged with crimes related to the case.[215]

Athletics

Main article: Vanderbilt Commodores
Varsity sports
Men's Women's
Baseball Basketball
Basketball Bowling
Cross country Cross country
Football Golf
Golf Lacrosse
Tennis Soccer
Swimming
Tennis
Track & Field
 
Vanderbilt's basketball teams play in Memorial Gymnasium.

Vanderbilt is a founding and charter member of the Southeastern Conference and for a half-century has been the conference's only private school.[216] The university fields six men's and ten women's intercollegiate teams and has won five NCAA championships.[217][218] With fewer than 6,900 undergraduates, the school is also the smallest in the conference; the SEC's next-smallest school, Mississippi State University, has nearly twice as many undergraduate students. Additionally, the school has outside conference memberships in two women's sports that the SEC does not sponsor. The women's lacrosse team plays in the American Athletic Conference.[219] In bowling, a sport which the NCAA sanctions only for women, Vanderbilt is a member of the single-sport Southland Bowling League.[220] Conversely, Vanderbilt is the only SEC school not to field teams in softball and volleyball, but has discussed adding either or both sports in the future.[221]

Men's and women's tennis and baseball are traditionally Vanderbilt's strongest sports. Both basketball teams play in quirky Memorial Gym, built in 1952.[222] The homecourt advantage Vanderbilt has enjoyed has been nicknamed "Memorial Magic".[223]

The Vanderbilt climbing team competes in the USA Climbing Collegiate Series. In the 2019 season, Vanderbilt took 3rd in speed climbing and 13th overall in the country.[224]

In February 2016, the university was fined $100,000 by the Southeastern Conference after fans stormed the basketball court following a win.[225]

Athletics restructuring

 
Hawkins Field in June 2007

The university is unique in NCAA Division I in that for several years the athletics department was not administered separately from other aspects of campus life; Vice Chancellor David Williams, who was over intercollegiate athletics, also was university counsel and in charge of other aspects of undergraduate campus life such as intramural sports.[226] Despite fears that Vanderbilt would lose coaches and recruits or would be forced out of the SEC, the university experienced considerable success after the change; 2006–07 was one of the best in the school's athletic history. At one point, seven of Vanderbilt's 16 teams were concurrently ranked in the Top 25 of their respective sports.[227] Women's bowling won the NCAA championship, bringing the university its first team championship since the advent of the NCAA.[228] The baseball team qualified for the NCAA Super Regionals in 2004, had the nation's top recruiting class in 2005 according to Baseball America,[229] made the NCAA field again in 2006, and won the 2007 SEC regular-season and tournament championships. Vanderbilt was ranked first in most polls for a large portion of the 2007 season, and the team secured the top seed in the 2007 NCAA tournament.[230] In more recent years, the team has reached the pinnacle of college baseball winning the College World Series in both 2014 and 2019. The team's triumph in 2014 was the school's first national championship in a men's sport.

Mascot

Vanderbilt's intercollegiate athletics teams are nicknamed the Commodores, in honor of the nickname given to Cornelius Vanderbilt, who made his fortune in shipping.[231] The term commodore was used by the Navy during the mid-to-late 19th century. A commodore was the commanding officer of a task force of ships, and therefore higher in rank than a captain but lower in rank than an admiral. The rank is still used by the British Royal Navy and other Commonwealth countries, but the equivalent modern-day rank in the U.S. Navy is rear admiral lower half. Since the term was used most during the 19th century, Vanderbilt's mascot, "Mr. C", is usually portrayed as a naval officer from the late 19th century, complete with mutton chops, cutlass, and uniform.

In addition to Mr. C, Vanderbilt fans often use the cheer "Anchor down!" accompanied by the "VU" hand sign, created by extending the thumb along with the index and middle fingers (essentially identical to the Serbian three-finger salute).[232]

Notable people

For a more comprehensive list, see List of Vanderbilt University people.

Alumni who have served as heads of state, prime ministers, and heads of government include José Ramón Guizado, 17th President of Panama,[233] Thomas C. Jefferson, first Premier of the Cayman Islands,[234] Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, 15th Prime Minister of Somalia,[235] and Chung Won-shik, 21st Prime Minister of South Korea.[236]

Notable U.S. political figures who have attended Vanderbilt include two U.S. Vice Presidents (John Nance Garner[237] and Nobel Laureate Al Gore[238]), Supreme Court Justice and U.S. Attorney General James Clark McReynolds[239] U.S. Secretary of Commerce Mickey Kantor,[240] Director of the National Economic Council Allan B. Hubbard,[241] U.S. Commissioner of Education John J. Tigert,[242] U.S. Secretary of the Treasury John Wesley Snyder,[243] U.S. Secretary of Education Lamar Alexander,[244] two White House Chiefs of Staff, John R. Steelman[245] and Jack Watson,[246] as well as 53 members of the United States Congress, 18 ambassadors, and 13 governors, including Governor of Texas Greg Abbott[247] and Governor of Kentucky Andy Beshear.[248]

Other leaders in foreign government who graduated from Vanderbilt include Baso Sangqu, President of the United Nations Security Council;[249] Redley A. Killion, Vice President of Micronesia;[250] Pedro Pinto Rubianes, Vice President of Ecuador;[250] Yoo Myung-hee, Minister for Trade of South Korea,[251] Yeda Crusius, Governor of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul;[252] Wang Tso-jung, President of the Control Yuan of the Government of the Republic of China;[253] Soemarno Sosroatmodjo, Governor of Jakarta, Indonesia;[254] Kwon Hyouk-se, Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service of South Korea;[255] and Ihor Petrashko, Minister of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine.[256]

Influential figures outside of elected office include civil rights movement pioneer James Lawson,[257] Nobel Peace Prize-winning father of microfinance Muhammad Yunus,[258] Scopes Trial chief counsel John Randolph Neal Jr.,[259] Chinese theologian T. C. Chao,[260] Watergate prosecutor James F. Neal,[261] Yun Chi-ho, Korean political activist and thinker during the Joseon Dynasty,[262] and Charlie Soong, who played a significant role in the Xinhai Revolution.[263]

Prominent alumni in business and finance include Time Inc. Chairman and CEO Ann S. Moore,[264] American Airlines Group CEO Doug Parker,[265] Hilton Hotels CEO Matthew J. Hart,[266] NASDAQ CEO Adena Friedman,[267] J.P. Morgan & Co. CEO Henry C. Alexander,[268] American Express Chairman Ralph Owen,[269] founding engineer of Facebook Jeffrey J. Rothschild,[270] General Motors President Mark Reuss,[271] Bain and Company founder Bill Bain,[272] Boston Consulting Group founder Bruce Henderson,[273] Perot Systems Chairman Ross Perot Jr.,[274] Dollar General CEO Cal Turner Jr.,[275] iHeartMedia CEO Mark P. Mays,[276] Emerson Electric CEO David Farr,[277] Eastman Kodak President William S. Vaughn,[278] and Sotheby's CEO Michael Ainslie.[279] In addition, Vanderbilt has educated several heads of central banks, including Süreyya Serdengeçti (Central Bank of Turkey);[280] Syahril Sabirin (Bank of Indonesia);[281] Moshe Mendelbaum (Bank of Israel);[282] Ibrahim Eris (Central Bank of Brazil);[283] and Liang Kuo-shu (Central Bank of the Republic of China).[284]

In academia and the sciences, distinguished Vanderbilt alumni include University of Pennsylvania President Sheldon Hackney,[285] founding dean of Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government Don K. Price,[286] Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Stanford Moore,[287] astronomers E. E. Barnard[288] and J. Davy Kirkpatrick,[289] Platonist philosopher Richard M. Weaver,[290] founder of New Criticism Cleanth Brooks,[291] mathematician Lawrence C. Evans,[292] Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare developer Herman Daly,[293] Haskell programming language designer Paul Hudak,[294] Director of the Simons Center for the Social Brain at MIT Mriganka Sur,[295] founder of the NASA Astrobiology Institute and Chairman of the SpaceX Safety Advisory Panel G. Scott Hubbard,[296] Mendel L. Peterson, "the father of underwater archaeology",[297] John Ridley Stroop, who discovered the Stroop effect,[298] and NASA astronauts Michael L. Gernhardt[299] and Charles R. Chappell.[300]

Vanderbilt graduates in medicine have pioneered and attained several "firsts" within their fields, including Norman Shumway, first to perform a successful heart transplant in the United States,[301] Levi Watkins, first to successfully implant an automatic defibrillator in a human patient,[302] Mildred T. Stahlman, founder of the first NICU,[303] James Tayloe Gwathmey, the "Father of Modern Anesthesia,"[304] and Ernest William Goodpasture, who invented methods for growing viruses and rickettsiae, enabling the development of vaccination.[305]

Alumni have made significant contributions to literature. Most notably, the Southern Agrarians and Fugitive Poets were two overlapping groups of influential American poets and writers in the early 1900s based at Vanderbilt.[306] Three U.S. Poets Laureate are alums: Allen Tate, Robert Penn Warren, and Randall Jarrell. Warren later won the Pulitzer Prize twice for poetry and for All the King's Men. Other important novelists include James Dickey (Deliverance),[307] James Still (River of Earth),[308] Elizabeth Spencer (The Light in the Piazza),[309] and James Patterson, who topped Forbes's list of global highest grossing authors in multiple years.[310] Journalists who have attended Vanderbilt include Pulitzer Prize winners Ralph McGill and Wendell Rawls Jr., Morning Joe host Willie Geist, Vogue Director of Communications Hildy Kuryk,[311] NBC newscaster David Brinkley, CNN International anchor Richard Quest, and head writer of The Daily Show Zhubin Parang.[312]

In popular culture, Dinah Shore, James Melton, Rosanne Cash, Amy Grant, Kim Dickens, Logan Browning, Dierks Bentley, Joe Bob Briggs, and film directors Rod Daniel and BAFTA winner Duncan Jones all attended Vanderbilt,[313] as well as Academy Award winners Delbert Mann and Tom Schulman.[313][314]

Additionally, Vanderbilt counts among its alumni base current and former athletes in the NFL, MLB, and NBA, as well as on the PGA Tour. Alumni in the NFL include Jay Cutler,[315] Bill Wade,[316] Casey Hayward,[317] Ke'Shawn Vaughn,[318] and Trent Sherfield.[319] Vanderbilt's entrants into the NBA include Will Perdue,[320] Charles Davis,[321] Festus Ezeli,[322] Darius Garland,[323] Dan Langhi,[324] Clyde Lee,[325] Luke Kornet,[326] and Aaron Nesmith.[327] Vanderbilt baseball stars include Sonny Gray,[328] Walker Buehler, Pedro Alvarez,[329] Dansby Swanson,[330] David Price,[331] Scotti Madison,[332] and Mike Minor.[333] Carter Hawkins, general manager of the Chicago Cubs, played baseball at Vanderbilt from 2004 to 2007.[334] Brandt Snedeker was the PGA Tour Rookie of the Year in 2007.[335] Olympians who attended Vanderbilt include Jeff Turner, member of the gold medal-winning 1984 United States men's Olympic basketball team,[336] gold medalist Shannon Vreeland in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics,[337] and rower Peter Sharis in the men's coxless pair event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.[338]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Contrary to widely stated belief, however, Wallace was not the first African-American athlete in the SEC:
    • Stephen Martin, who was attending Tulane University on an academic scholarship, walked on to Tulane's baseball team in his sophomore season of 1966 (1965–66 school year), and earned letters in that season as well as the 1967 and 1968 seasons. Martin is often overlooked as an SEC integration pioneer because his first season of 1966 was Tulane's last as an SEC member.[64][65]
    • At the same time that Wallace and another African-American basketball player, Godfrey Dillard (who transferred from Vanderbilt before playing in a varsity game),[66] enrolled as scholarship athletes at Vanderbilt, the University of Kentucky enrolled two African-American scholarship football players, Nate Northington and Greg Page. Since freshmen were not eligible to play varsity sports at the time, players who enrolled in school in 1966 could not play on varsity teams until 1967. Because the football season precedes the basketball season within the school year, both were set to become the first African-American scholarship athletes in the SEC, but Page suffered a paralyzing spinal cord injury in a 1967 preseason practice and died from the complications on September 29, less than a week after Northington became the SEC's first black scholarship athlete when he played his first game for Kentucky.[67][68]
  2. ^ See article on the Declaration of Helsinki.
  3. ^ Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  4. ^ The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  5. ^ The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.
  6. ^ No degree earned.

References

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  4. ^ As of February, 2022. U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2021 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY20 to FY21 (Report). National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA. February 19, 2021. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  5. ^ "Quick Facts". Vanderbilt University. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
  6. ^ "Quick Facts". Vanderbilt University. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
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  8. ^ "College Navigator - Vanderbilt University". nces.ed.gov.
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January 13, 2023
vanderbilt, university, vandy, redirects, here, other, uses, vandy, disambiguation, informally, vandy, private, research, university, nashville, tennessee, founded, 1873, named, honor, shipping, rail, magnate, cornelius, vanderbilt, provided, school, initial, . Vandy redirects here For other uses see Vandy disambiguation Vanderbilt University informally Vandy or VU is a private research university in Nashville Tennessee Founded in 1873 it was named in honor of shipping and rail magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt who provided the school its initial 1 million endowment in the hopes that his gift and the greater work of the university would help to heal the sectional wounds inflicted by the Civil War 10 Vanderbilt UniversityFormer nameCentral University 1873 1877 MottoCrescere aude Latin 1 Motto in English Dare to grow 1 TypePrivate research universityEstablished1873 150 years ago 1873 AccreditationSACSAcademic affiliationsAAUNAICU 2 URAORAU568 GroupSpace grantEndowment 10 9 billion 2021 3 4 ChancellorDaniel DiermeierProvostC Cybele RaverAcademic staff4 783 2020 5 Total staff9 253 6 Students13 796 Fall 2021 7 Undergraduates7 111 Fall 2021 7 Postgraduates6 685 Fall 2021 7 LocationNashville Tennessee United States36 08 55 N 86 48 18 W 36 148649 N 86 804972 W 36 148649 86 804972 Coordinates 36 08 55 N 86 48 18 W 36 148649 N 86 804972 W 36 148649 86 804972CampusLarge City 8 330 acres 1 3 km2 NewspaperThe Vanderbilt HustlerColorsBlack and gold 9 NicknameCommodoresSporting affiliationsNCAA Division I FBS SECAACSouthland Bowling LeagueMascotMr Commodore Mr C Websitewww wbr vanderbilt wbr eduVanderbilt enrolls approximately 13 800 students from the US and over 100 foreign countries Vanderbilt is classified among R1 Doctoral Universities Very high research activity 11 Several research centers and institutes are affiliated with the university including the Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities the Freedom Forum First Amendment Center and Dyer Observatory Vanderbilt University Medical Center formerly part of the university became a separate institution in 2016 With the exception of the off campus observatory all of the university s facilities are situated on its 330 acre 1 3 km2 campus in the heart of Nashville 1 5 miles 2 4 km from downtown The Fugitives and Southern Agrarians were based at the university in the first half of the 20th century and helped revive Southern literature among others 12 13 Vanderbilt is a founding member of the Southeastern Conference and has been the conference s only private school since 1966 14 Vanderbilt alumni faculty and staff have included 54 current and former members of the United States Congress 18 U S Ambassadors 13 governors 11 billionaires eight Nobel Prize laureates two Vice Presidents of the United States and two U S Supreme Court Justices Other notable alumni include three Pulitzer Prize winners 27 Rhodes Scholars 15 two Academy Award winners one Grammy Award winner six MacArthur Fellows four foreign heads of state and five Olympic medallists Vanderbilt has more than 145 000 alumni with 40 alumni clubs established worldwide 16 Contents 1 History 1 1 Founding and early years 1 1 1 Connections to slavery 1 2 Split with the Methodist Church 1 3 1920s through World War II 1 4 1950s and 1960s 1 5 1970s to present 2 Academics 2 1 Research 2 2 Rankings 3 Campus 3 1 Main campus 3 2 Peabody campus 4 Organization and administration 4 1 Administration history 4 2 Medical Center 4 3 Undergraduate schools and colleges 5 Student life 5 1 Residential college system 5 2 Organizations 5 3 Greek life 5 4 Student controversies 6 Athletics 6 1 Athletics restructuring 6 2 Mascot 7 Notable people 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 External linksHistory EditFounding and early years Edit Cornelius Vanderbilt Drawing of Vanderbilt University s Main Campus from Appletons Cyclopedia of American Biography 1889 In the years before the American Civil War of 1861 1865 the Methodist Episcopal Church South had been considering the creation of a regional university for the training of ministers in a location central to its congregations 17 Following lobbying by Nashville bishop Holland Nimmons McTyeire church leaders voted to found The Central University of the Methodist Episcopal Church South in Nashville in 1872 17 18 However lack of funds and the ravaged state of the Reconstruction Era South delayed the opening of the college 17 The following year McTyeire stayed at the New York City residence of Cornelius Vanderbilt whose second wife was Frank Armstrong Crawford Vanderbilt 1839 1885 a cousin of McTyeire s wife Amelia Townsend McTyeire 1827 1891 both women were from Mobile Alabama 19 20 21 Cornelius Vanderbilt the wealthiest man in the United States at the time had been planning to establish a university on Staten Island New York in honor of his mother 17 However McTyeire convinced him to donate 500 000 to endow Central University in order to contribute to strengthening the ties which should exist between all sections of our common country 17 22 The endowment was eventually increased to 1 million roughly 23 million in 2021 and though Vanderbilt never expressed any desire that the university be named after him 17 McTyeire and his fellow trustees rechristened the school in the Spring of 1873 in his honor 17 23 They acquired land formerly owned by Texas Senator John Boyd and inherited by his granddaughter and her husband Confederate Congressman Henry S Foote who had built Old Central a house still standing on campus 24 The first building Main Building later known as Kirkland Hall was designed by William Crawford Smith a Confederate veteran who also designed the Parthenon its construction began in 1874 25 26 In the fall of 1875 about 200 students enrolled at Vanderbilt and in October the university was dedicated 17 Bishop McTyeire was named chairman of the Board of Trust for life by Vanderbilt as a stipulation of his endowment 17 McTyeire named Landon Garland 1810 1895 his mentor from Randolph Macon College in Virginia and then Chancellor of the University of Mississippi as chancellor As chancellor he shaped the school s structure and hired the school s faculty many of whom were renowned scholars in their respective fields 22 However most of this faculty left after disputes with Bishop McTyeire including over pay rates 17 When the first fraternity chapter Phi Delta Theta was established on campus in 1876 it was shut down by the faculty only to be reestablished as a secret society in 1877 27 Meanwhile Old Gym designed by Peter J Williamson was built in 1879 1880 26 By 1883 the Board of Trust passed a resolution allowing fraternities on campus and more chapters were established in 1884 27 Connections to slavery Edit Many of the university s early leaders had prominent ties to slavery and the Confederacy before the Civil War Frank Vanderbilt was a Confederate sympathizer during the Civil War 28 McTyeire was born into a slave owning family and authored an essay in favor of slavery 29 Garland owned up to 60 slaves before the Civil War 29 One of the founding trustees Hezekiah William Foote was a Confederate veteran and the owner of four plantations in Mississippi including Mount Holly 30 The Treasurer of the Board of Trust from 1872 to 1875 Alexander Little Page Green whose portrait hangs in Kirkland Hall 31 was a Methodist preacher and a former slave owner 32 His son in law Robert A Young was a Methodist minister who served as the Financial Secretary on the Board of Trust from 1874 to 1882 retiring from the board in 1902 25 The Elliston family who owned slaves donated some of their Burlington Plantation in one of the first expansions of the campus when 33 Split with the Methodist Church Edit Bishop Holland McTyeire During the first 40 years the Board of Trust and therefore the university was under the control of the General Conference the governing body of the Methodist Episcopal Church South 17 Tension grew between the university administration and the Conference over the future of the school particularly over the methods by which members of the Vanderbilt Board of Trust would be chosen and the extent that non Methodists could teach at the school 17 Conflicts escalated after James H Kirkland was appointed chancellor in 1893 17 Then the Southern Methodist Church congregations raised just 50 000 in a campaign to raise 300 000 17 After the Tennessee Centennial Exposition of 1897 a statue of Cornelius Vanderbilt designed by Italian sculptor Giuseppe Moretti 34 was moved from the grounds of the Parthenon to the Vanderbilt campus 35 In 1905 Kirkland Hall burnt down only to be rebuilt shortly after 26 Meanwhile the Board of Trust voted to limit Methodist representation on the board to just five bishops 17 Former faculty member and bishop Elijah Hoss led a group attempting to assert Methodist control 17 In 1910 the board refused to seat three Methodist bishops 17 The Methodist Church took the issue to court and won at the local level On March 21 1914 the Tennessee Supreme Court ruled that the Commodore and not the Methodist Church was the university s founder and that the board could therefore seat whomever it wished 17 The General Conference in 1914 voted 151 to 140 to sever its ties with Vanderbilt it also voted to establish a new university Southern Methodist University and to greatly expand Emory University 17 36 Colonel Edmund William Cole the treasurer of the Board of Trust was a Confederate veteran and a railroad executive 37 38 He is the namesake of the annual Cole Lecture his marble bust and his wife s portrait can be seen in Kirkland Hall 38 39 His son Whitefoord Russell Cole who was the chairman of the Board of Trust from 1915 to 1934 defended Chancellor Kirkland s decision to split with the Methodist Church 40 41 His portrait hangs in Kirkland Hall and he is the namesake of Cole Hall completed in 1949 41 1920s through World War II Edit Postcard of Furman Hall built circa 1930 Furman Hall in 2022 In the 1920s and 1930s Vanderbilt University hosted two partly overlapping groups of scholars who had a large impact on American thought and letters the Fugitives and the Agrarians 17 Meanwhile Frank C Rand who served as the President and later Chairman of the International Shoe Company donated US 150 000 to the university in 1925 42 Rand Hall was subsequently named for him In 1928 the construction of three more buildings was completed Garland Hall named for Chancellor Landon Garland Buttrick Hall named for Wallace Buttrick of the General Education Board and Calhoun Hall named for William Henry Calhoun a silversmith Odd Fellows Grand Master and slave owner 43 In 1933 the United Daughters of the Confederacy donated 50 000 roughly 925 166 in 2015 dollars 44 for the construction of Confederate Memorial Hall designed by architect Henry C Hibbs 45 It was completed in 1935 45 In the 1930s Ernest William Goodpasture and his colleagues in the School of Medicine invented methods for cultivating viruses and rickettsiae in fertilized chicken eggs 46 This work made possible the production of vaccines against chicken pox smallpox yellow fever typhus Rocky mountain spotted fever and other diseases caused by agents that only propagate in living cells 46 Alfred Blalock Professor of Surgery and his assistant Vivian Thomas identified a decrease in blood volume and fluid loss outside the vascular bed as a key factor in traumatic shock and pioneered the use of replacement fluids for its treatment 47 This treatment saved countless lives in World War II 47 during which Vanderbilt was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V 12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission 48 German biophysicist Max Delbruck joined the Department of Physics in 1940 and in the following year he met Italian microbiologist Salvador Luria who began visiting Vanderbilt 49 In 1942 they published on bacterial resistance to virus infection mediated by random mutation The culminating Luria Delbruck experiment also called the Fluctuation Test demonstrated that Darwin s theory of natural selection acting on random mutations applies to bacteria as well as to more complex organisms The 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to both scientists in part for this work 50 Shortly after the war from 1945 to 1947 researchers at Vanderbilt University conducted an experiment funded by the Rockefeller Foundation where they gave 800 pregnant women radioactive iron 51 52 53 without their consent 52 53 In a lawsuit the women received US 9 1 million from Vanderbilt University and US 900 000 from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1998 52 Main Campus looking toward West End Avenue 1950s and 1960s Edit Old Mechanical now part of The Owen Graduate School of Management In the early 1950s some of the first women graduated as engineers Women s rights advocate Maryly Van Leer Peck graduated as the first chemical engineer in 1951 after not being able to study this field at Georgia Tech where her father was president 54 55 In 1953 Chancellor Branscomb orchestrated admission of the first African American student to Vanderbilt in the School of Divinity 56 In 1960 under intense pressure from the Vanderbilt Board of Trust especially James Geddes Stahlman a Trustee and the influential editor of the local newspaper Branscomb expelled Divinity student James Lawson Lawson was a Congress of Racial Equality leader who organized sit ins in defiance of Nashville s segregation laws A dozen faculty members resigned in protest Branscomb later re examined his decision regretting he did not consider referring it to committee to delay action for three months until Lawson s graduation 57 The school was placed on probation for a year by the American Association of Theological Schools and the power of trustees was curtailed 58 The university took Stahlman s 5 million donation in 1972 1973 59 and named a professorship in his honor 60 In 2005 Lawson was re hired as a Distinguished University Professor for the 2006 2007 academic year He was named a Distinguished Alumnus for his achievements 61 In May 1962 the Board of Trustees approved a recommendation from Chancellor Branscomb to admit African Americans in all of the University s educational schools 57 The first black undergraduates entered the school in the fall of 1964 56 The university drew national attention in 1966 when it recruited Perry Wallace the first African American to play varsity basketball in the Southeastern Conference SEC 62 Wallace from Nashville played varsity basketball for Vanderbilt from 1967 to 1970 and faced considerable opposition from segregationists when playing at other SEC venues 63 In 2004 a student led drive to retire Wallace s jersey finally succeeded 63 a In 1964 Vanderbilt held its first IMPACT Symposium which has since become a university tradition of hosting speakers in a multi day annual symposium to discuss current events and topics of a controversial nature 69 Participants have included Martin Luther King Jr Allen Ginsberg Stokely Carmichael Strom Thurmond Robert F Kennedy Margaret Thatcher Madeleine Albright Vicente Fox Ehud Barak and multiple Presidents of the United States 70 1970s to present Edit In March 1978 Vanderbilt hosted the South African tennis team in Memorial Gymnasium for the Davis Cup 71 The match was disrupted by anti apartheid protesters who chanted Don t play with apartheid 71 and a copy editor for The Tennessean was removed by police 72 In 1979 Vanderbilt acquired Peabody College then called the George Peabody College for Teachers residing on 53 acres adjacent to the university 73 Peabody College traces its history to the 1785 Davidson Academy Kirkland Hall in February 2021 In the early 1980s Vanderbilt University was an investor the Corrections Corporation of America prior to its IPO 74 75 The company was co founded by Thomas W Beasley a Vanderbilt Law School alumnus who was honored with a Distinguished Alumnus Award 75 76 In 1989 the university began offering Posse Foundation scholarships to groups of promising young leaders from urban backgrounds to increase their share of diverse students 77 By 1995 4 23 of the undergraduate student body was African American 77 In 2001 the university determined to remodel the undergraduate experience by creating an academic residential college system Since then Vanderbilt has been constructing new buildings and renovating existing structures to support the college system 78 79 In 2002 the university decided to rename Confederate Memorial Hall a residence hall on the Peabody campus to Memorial Hall 80 Nationwide attention resulted in part due to a lawsuit by the Tennessee chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy 81 The Davidson County Chancery Court dismissed the lawsuit in 2003 but the Tennessee Court of Appeals ruled in May 2005 that the university must pay damages based on the present value of the United Daughters of the Confederacy s contribution if the inscription bearing the name Confederate Memorial Hall was removed from the building or altered 82 The Court of Appeals decision has been critiqued by legal scholars 83 In late July 2005 the university announced that although it had officially renamed the building and all university publications and offices will refer to it solely as Memorial Hall the university would neither appeal the matter further nor remove the inscription and pay damages 84 In August 2016 the university agreed to remove the word Confederate from the building after anonymous donors donated 1 2 million to repay the United Daughters of the Confederacy 85 In 2009 Vanderbilt instituted a no loan policy The policy states that any student granted admission and a need based aid package will have an award that includes no student loans 86 Following this in 2015 Vanderbilt implemented Opportunity Vanderbilt which committed the university to need blind admissions meeting 100 of demonstrated financial need of admitted students and including only grants in awards 87 In 2011 the Oakland Institute exposed a university investment in EMVest Asset Management a private equity firm accused of land grabbing or taking over agricultural land used by local communities through exploitative practices for large scale commercial export farming in five sub Saharan African countries 88 The revelation led to student protests in 2012 88 89 By 2013 Vanderbilt administrators had divested from EMVest 88 In 2012 Vanderbilt built Elliston Hall in honor of Elizabeth Boddie Elliston of the Burlington Plantation 33 In 2015 Vanderbilt opened a new innovation center the Wond ry as part of its Academic Strategic Plan The three story 13 000 square foot building is meant to serve as an interdisciplinary hub of knowledge for the Vanderbilt community serving as the location of hackathons partnerships with the Nashville Entrepreneurship Center and several social venture programs 90 Academics EditAdmissions statistics2021 enteringclass 91 92 Admit rate6 7 Yield rate39 2 Test scores middle 50 SAT EBRW730 780SAT Math770 800ACT Composite33 36 E Bronson Ingram College As of 2021 Vanderbilt had an enrollment of 7 111 undergraduate and 6 685 graduate and professional students for a total of 13 796 students 16 Students from all 50 states and more than 100 countries attend Vanderbilt with 68 of the undergraduate student body coming from outside the South and 10 from outside of the United States 16 As of 2022 the incoming undergraduate class was 49 male and 51 female 16 Moreover 12 7 of the class was classified as Hispanic 11 9 Black or African American 16 9 Asian 6 other two or more races and 10 4 international 16 88 of Vanderbilt s students graduate in four years and 93 within six years 16 97 of first years return for their second year 93 Vanderbilt lets undergraduates choose among 70 majors or create their own in its four undergraduate schools and colleges the College of Arts and Science the School of Engineering Peabody College of Education and Human Development and Blair School of Music 10 The university also has six graduate and professional schools including the Divinity School Graduate School Law School School of Medicine School of Nursing and Owen Graduate School of Management 10 94 As of 2021 Vanderbilt has a student to faculty ratio of 8 1 95 The university s undergraduate programs are highly selective in 2022 Vanderbilt s acceptance rate and yield rate was 6 1 and 39 2 respectively Vanderbilt is the most selective university in the state of Tennessee 96 97 16 98 Despite having one of the lowest overall undergraduate acceptance rates in the United States Vanderbilt among other institutions such as Northwestern University Northeastern University and Tulane University has come under scrutiny for artificial deflation of their acceptance rate making the schools seem much more selective than they actually are 99 100 In the most recent admissions cycle 54 of the class was accepted in the two binding Early Decision rounds 101 at an acceptance rate of 17 6 102 In 2015 Vanderbilt was ranked fifth overall and fourth among private universities in enrollment of National Merit Scholars 103 In its most recent annual comparison of admissions selectivity The Princeton Review gave Vanderbilt a rating of 99 out of 99 104 The class of 2023 included 231 National Merit Scholars and 116 valedictorians or salutatorians 16 Additionally the class had standardized test scores that were well above average the interquartile range 25th percentile 75th percentile of SAT scores was 1460 1560 while the interquartile range of ACT scores was 33 35 16 For students of the class of 2016 whose schools reported exact class rankings 93 ranked in the top 10 of their class 105 Research Edit According to the National Science Foundation Vanderbilt spent 738 million on research and development in 2018 ranking it 31st in the nation 106 107 In 2013 Vanderbilt University was ranked ninth in the country in funding from the National Institutes of Health 108 Its Institute for Space and Defense Electronics housed in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science includes the largest academic facility in the world involved in radiation effects research 109 The Wond ry is Vanderbilt s Center for Innovation and Design Olin Hall adjacent to The Wond ry Among its more unusual activities the university has institutes devoted to the study of coffee and of bridge 110 Indeed the modern form of the latter was developed by Harold Stirling Vanderbilt a former president of the university s Board of Trust and a great grandson of the Commodore 110 In addition in mid 2004 it was announced that Vanderbilt s chemical biology research may have serendipitously opened the door to the breeding of a blue rose something that has long been coveted by horticulturalists and rose lovers 111 In 2010 the Center for Intelligent Mechatronics at Vanderbilt began testing a powered exoskeleton intended to assist paraplegics stroke victims and other paralyzed or semi paralyzed people to walk independently 112 The Vanderbilt exoskeleton received funding from Parker Hannifin Corporation in 2012 and has since gone to market internationally 113 Vanderbilt is a discovering institution of Tennessine atomic number 117 on the periodic table of elements with the symbol Ts collaborating with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow Oblast Russia and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory 114 It was officially named after the state of Tennessee by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics in 2016 115 The university s research record is blemished however by a study university researchers in conjunction with the Tennessee Department of Health conducted on iron metabolism during pregnancy in the 1940s 116 Between 1945 and 1949 over 800 pregnant women were given radioactive iron Standards of informed consent for research subjects were not rigorously enforced at that time b and many of the women were not informed of the potential risks The injections were later suspected to have caused cancer in at least three of the children who were born to these mothers 117 In 1998 the university settled a class action lawsuit with the mothers and surviving children for 10 3 million 118 Rankings Edit Academic rankingsNationalARWU 119 33Forbes 120 14THE WSJ 121 15U S News amp World Report 122 13Washington Monthly 123 30GlobalARWU 124 65QS 125 199THE 126 113U S News amp World Report 127 73 National program rankings 128 Program RankingAudiology 1Biological Sciences 27Business 29Chemistry 41Clinical Psychology 16Computer Science 58Earth Sciences 68Economics 35Education 6Engineering 39English 27History 23Law 18Mathematics 44Medicine Primary Care 23Medicine Research 16Nursing Doctorate 5Nursing Master s 8Nursing Midwifery 1Physics 52Political Science 24Psychology 26Public Affairs 53Public Health 53Sociology 32Speech Language Pathology 1Statistics 44 Global program rankings 129 Program RankingArts amp Humanities 149Biology amp Biochemistry 64Chemistry 268Clinical Medicine 26Economics amp Business 190Engineering 331Immunology 53Materials Science 284Microbiology 100Molecular Biology amp Genetics 49Neuroscience amp Behavior 76Pharmacology amp Toxicology 40Physics 197Psychiatry Psychology 44Social Sciences amp Public Health 61Space Science 188 Vanderbilt is ranked the 116th best university in the world in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 130 and 33rd in the United States by the Academic Ranking of World Universities 131 Reuters ranked it the tenth most innovative university in the world 132 Built in 1880 with funding from William Henry Vanderbilt The Old Gym now houses the Office of Undergraduate Admissions Alumni Hall Between Old Gym and E Bronson Ingram College In its 2022 edition U S News amp World Report ranked Vanderbilt 13th among all national universities 133 In the same publication s graduate program rankings the Peabody College of Education was ranked fourth in the nation among schools of education 134 and the Vanderbilt Law School was listed at 18th the School of Medicine was listed at 18th among research oriented medical schools the School of Nursing was listed at ninth the School of Engineering was listed at 39th and the Owen Graduate School of Management was listed at 23rd among business schools 135 Additionally U S News amp World Report ranked Vanderbilt first in the nation in the fields of special education educational administration and audiology 135 In 2014 the Owen Graduate School of Management was ranked 30th by Bloomberg Businessweek among full time MBA programs 136 The Academic Ranking of World Universities ranks Vanderbilt as the 62nd best university in the world Additionally the ARWU Field rankings in 2015 placed Vanderbilt as 18th best in the world for Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy and 21st in Social Sciences 137 In the Times Higher Education 2016 World University Rankings Vanderbilt is 87th The 2017 2018 QS World University Rankings ranked Vanderbilt 212th in the world Human Resources amp Labor Review a national human competitiveness index amp analysis ranked the university as one of 50 Best World Universities in 2011 138 The 2007 Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index a measure of the scholarly output of the faculty of nearly 7 300 doctoral programs around the United States ranked Vanderbilt eighth among large research universities and first in the areas of comparative literature educational leadership pharmacology Portuguese Spanish and special education 139 Poets amp Writers ranked Vanderbilt s English Department s MFA Program in Creative Writing 18th among the top 50 writing programs in the United States in 2010 and 14th in the United States in 2011 140 Fortune magazine ranked Vanderbilt among the top 100 places to work in the United States the only university on their list 141 In 2018 Kiplinger s Best College Values rankings listed Vanderbilt as one of the top ten best value universities and one of the top five private universities for value 142 In 2020 Money s Best Colleges in America Ranked by Value rankings listed Vanderbilt as being the eighth best value university in the nation 143 Vanderbilt does well in non academic rankings as well In 2017 alone the university was ranked first for happiest students second for quality of life fifth for most beautiful campus and fifth for best run college by The Princeton Review 144 In 2016 the university was listed by Travel Leisure as having one of the most beautiful campuses in the country 145 In 2016 Vanderbilt was ranked the third most intense college in the nation by Business Insider 146 In 2018 the magazine listed Vanderbilt as the fifth smartest college in America 147 In 2022 Niche ranked Vanderbilt the 19th hardest college to get into in America 148 Campus EditThe Vanderbilt campus is located approximately 1 5 miles 2 4 km southwest of downtown in Midtown along both the city s bustling West End Avenue and 21st Avenue corridors It has an area of 330 acres 1 3 km2 though this figure includes large tracts of sparsely used land in the southwest part of the main campus as well as the Medical Center 149 The historical core of campus encompasses approximately 75 acres 0 3 km2 150 The oldest part of the Vanderbilt campus is known for its abundance of trees and green space which stand in contrast to the surrounding cityscape of urban Nashville 151 The campus was designated as a national arboretum in 1988 by the Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta and in 2020 it was accredited as a Level II arboretum by ArbNet 152 Approximately 190 species of trees and shrubs can be found on campus 151 One tree the Bicentennial Oak between Rand Hall and Garland Hall is certified to have lived during the American Revolution and is the oldest living thing on the campus 151 In December 2015 a hackberry tree fell leaving 10 students injured with broken bones and stitches 153 154 Main campus Edit Bicentennial Oak facing Buttrick Hall predates the Revolutionary War Sarratt Student Center In the northeast corner of the campus the base of the fan is the original campus 155 This section stretches from West End Avenue south to the Stevenson Center and west from 21st Avenue to Alumni Lawn The majority of the buildings of the arts and humanities departments of the College of Arts and Science as well as the facilities of the law school Owen Graduate School of Management and the divinity school are located in the original campus Additionally the Heard Central Library and Sarratt Student Center Rand Hall can be found on the original campus 155 Flanking the original campus to the south are the Stevenson Center for Science and Mathematics built on a woodland once known as the Sacred Grove 156 and the School of Engineering complex Jacobs Hall Featheringill Hall Housing the Science Library the School of Engineering and all the science and math departments of the College of Arts and Science this complex sits between the original campus and the Medical Center 155 The Vanderbilt University Medical Center itself takes up the southeastern part of the campus 155 Besides the various associated hospitals and clinics and the facilities of the Schools of Medicine and Nursing the medical center also houses many major research facilities West of the original campus and the Medical Center Greek Row and the bulk of the Vanderbilt residence halls are found 155 From north to south Carmichael Towers Greek Row Branscomb Quadrangle and Highland Quadrangle house the vast majority of on campus residents in facilities ranging from the double occupancy shared bathroom dorms in Branscomb and Towers to the apartments and lodges in Highland Quadrangle 155 There are 20 residence halls and apartments across both campuses 93 The design of the campus and buildings can be described as eclectic with buildings of various styles and eras The original 75 acre campus included 11 structures situated along ridge lines with sprawling views of downtown Nashville The original campus gates are still located off 21st Avenue Currently four of the original 11 campus structures still exist One of these is Kirkland Hall one of the more recognizable buildings on campus Built in 1873 the original building had two Victorian towers A major fire in 1905 severely damaged the building and it was rebuilt with only one tower The building was named after Chancellor James Hampton Kirkland who served as Vanderbilt s chancellor from 1893 to 1937 157 In recent years campus planners have strived to preserve the landscape and buildings like Kirkland Hall to keep the original core and maintain a compact walkable campus 158 Memorial Gymnasium Vanderbilt Stadium Hawkins Field McGugin Center and all the other varsity athletic fields and facilities are to be found in the extreme west of campus 155 The Student Recreation Center and its associated intramural fields are located south of the varsity facilities 155 View of the Owen Graduate School of Management Peabody Library Peabody campus Edit Directly across 21st Avenue from the Medical Center sits the campus of the Peabody College of Education and Human Development 155 The design of the Peabody campus was inspired by the classical lines of Thomas Jefferson s design for the University of Virginia and the architecture of the 1893 World s Columbian Exposition in Chicago Illinois The National Historic Landmarks program designated the central lawn and surrounding buildings as a historic district in 1965 159 The Peabody campus is the location of the Martha Rivers Ingram Commons freshman residences View of Cohen Memorial Hall by the Martha Rivers Ingram Commons freshman residences Organization and administration EditCollege school Year foundedArts and Science 1873Law 1874Medicine 1874Divinity 1875Education and Human Development 1875 incorporated into Vanderbilt 1979Graduate School 1879Engineering 1886Nursing 1908Music 1964 incorporated into Vanderbilt 1986Management 1969Vanderbilt University as a private corporation is wholly governed by an independent self perpetuating Board of Trust The board comprises 45 regular members plus any number of trustees emeriti and the chancellor the university s chief executive officer 160 Each trustee serves a five year term except for four recently graduated alumni who serve two two year terms Bruce R Evans is the board s chairman 161 Daniel Diermeier has served as chancellor of Vanderbilt University since July 1 2020 Administration history Edit Main article List of Chancellors of Vanderbilt University Since the opening of the university in 1875 only eight individuals have served as chancellor 162 Landon Garland was the university s first chancellor serving from 1875 to 1893 162 Garland organized the university and hired its first faculty Garland Hall an academic building on campus is named in his honor 162 The next chancellor was James Kirkland serving from 1893 to 1937 he had the longest tenure of any Vanderbilt chancellor 162 He was responsible for severing the university s ties with the Methodist Church and relocating the medical school to the main campus 162 Vanderbilt s Main Building was renamed Kirkland Hall after Kirkland left in 1937 162 The longest tenured chancellor was followed by one of the shortest tenured 162 Oliver Carmichael served Vanderbilt for just nine years 1937 to 1946 162 Carmichael developed the graduate school and established the Joint University Libraries for Vanderbilt Peabody and Scarritt College 162 Carmichael Towers a set of high rise dormitories on the northern edge of campus were named for Chancellor Carmichael 162 Carmichael s successor was Harvie Branscomb 162 Branscomb presided over a period of major growth and improvement at the university that lasted from 1946 until 1963 162 He was responsible for opening the admissions policy to all races 162 Branscomb Quadrangle is a residence hall complex named for the chancellor 162 Alexander Heard for whom the campus s 10 library system with 3 3 million total volumes is named served as chancellor from 1963 to 1982 162 During his 20 year tenure the Owen Graduate School of Management was founded and Vanderbilt s merger with Peabody College was negotiated 162 He also survived calls for his ouster because of his accommodating stance on desegregation 162 After a fire Old Main Hall was rebuilt with one tower and renamed Kirkland Hall It is currently home to Vanderbilt s administration Joe B Wyatt was the chancellor who served immediately after Heard from 1982 until 2000 162 Wyatt oversaw a great increase in the university s endowment an increase in student diversity and the renovation of many campus buildings 162 Wyatt placed great emphasis on improving the quality of faculty and instruction and during his tenure Vanderbilt rose to the top 25 in the U S News amp World Report s annual rankings for the first time 163 The Wyatt Center on Peabody s campus is named for Wyatt and his wife Gee was appointed chancellor by the Board of Trust in February 2000 162 After allegations of lavish spending in 2005 the Board of Trust established a committee to monitor his personal spending more closely 164 After Gordon Gee s departure in 2007 Zeppos was named interim chancellor 165 He was named chancellor suo jure on March 1 2008 by the university s Board of Trust 166 In April 2019 Zeppos announced his intention to resign from the chancellorship on August 1 2019 167 Zeppos was succeeded by Interim Chancellor Susan R Wente On December 4 2019 it was announced that Daniel Diermeier would be the next chancellor Medical Center Edit Until April 2016 Vanderbilt University Medical Center VUMC was a component of the university but is now an independent organization The Medical Center continues to cooperate with the university and many clinical staff serve as faculty members at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University School of Nursing 168 As of April 2016 VUMC comprised the following units Vanderbilt University Hospital Monroe Carell Jr Children s Hospital at Vanderbilt Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital Vanderbilt Clinic Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center Vanderbilt Stallworth Rehabilitation Hospital Eskind Biomedical Library Vanderbilt Sports Medicine Dayani Human Performance Center Vanderbilt Page Campbell and Heart Institute 169 The entrance of Vanderbilt Medical School Before splitting with VUMC Vanderbilt was the largest private employer in Middle Tennessee and the second largest in the state with over 23 000 employees 170 171 Approximately 74 of the university s faculty and staff were employed by the Medical Center 10 In 2008 the medical center was placed on the Honor Roll of U S News amp World Report s annual rating of the nation s best hospitals ranking 15th overall in the country 172 Undergraduate schools and colleges Edit The College of Arts and Science confers the Bachelor of Arts degree on undergraduates and in conjunction with the Graduate School the Master of Arts Master of Science and the Doctor of Philosophy degrees on graduate students 10 The college occupies nearly 1 1 million square feet in 23 buildings across the Nashville campus 173 The school is the oldest and the largest of Vanderbilt s constituent colleges 174 The college played host to two notable literary movements the Fugitives and the Southern Agrarians John Crowe Ransom was a member of the English department 175 Robert Penn Warren is an alumnus of the college 176 and the school still hosts the Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities 177 The college provides a liberal arts based education that requires the completion of 14 courses The general requirements of the curriculum are outlined in the AXLE Achieving Excellence in Liberal Education framework These include courses in Humanities and the Creative Arts International Cultures along with proficiency in a foreign language History and Culture of the United States Mathematics and Natural Sciences Social and Behavioral Sciences Perspectives and three writing courses 178 The college provides academic resources and funding to several research centers including the Center for Latin American Studies the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions CSDI the Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities and the Max Kade Center for European and German Studies 179 180 The most popular majors are economics medicine health and society political science neuroscience and psychology The college also provides advising for pre professional tracks such as pre med pre law and pre nursing 181 182 Student life EditStudent body composition as of May 2 2022 Race and ethnicity 183 TotalWhite 42 42 Asian 16 16 Black 11 11 Other c 11 11 Hispanic 10 10 Foreign national 9 9 Economic diversityLow income d 16 16 Affluent e 84 84 Residential college system Edit Kissam Hall was a men s dormitory from 1901 until it was demolished in 1958 The baths were all in the basement Warren College which along with Moore College are known as Kissam E Bronson Ingram College Tolman Hall In the early 2000s Vanderbilt made a decision to convert its residence halls into an academic residential college system 184 78 The intent is to form a cohesive and growing network of residences that spark creativity build community support student success and extend educational opportunities beyond the classroom 185 The first phase of this conversion was opening in 2008 of The Martha Rivers Ingram Commons which brought together all first year students in 10 adjacent houses each house guided by a faculty head of house living among the students in a faculty apartment It is planned that in their sophomore year students will enter a Residential College that will be their home for the remainder of their undergraduate years This residential option expands on the experience provided during students first year on The Commons The first two upperclass colleges are Warren College and Moore College which opened in 2014 185 They were constructed on the site of pre existing dormitories known as the Kissam Quadrangle 185 E Bronson Ingram College on the site of the former Vanderbilt and Barnard Halls opened in 2018 185 79 Additional colleges are being constructed at the site of Carmichael Towers so that all upperclass students will reside in college 185 79 The new College Halls are intended to complement the earlier communities The McGill Project Mayfield Lodges and McTyeire International House 185 Two of the new residence halls have received LEED silver certification and the new Commons Dining Center has received gold certification making Vanderbilt the only university in the state to be recognized by the U S Green Building Council 186 187 The university expects all five of the new residence halls and one renovated residence hall to eventually receive LEED recognition 188 The total cost of The Commons construction project is expected to be over 150 million 189 Generally undergraduate students are required to live in dorms on campus with first year students all living in the ten resident halls of The Martha Rivers Ingram Commons and all upperclassmen living on the main campus 190 Exceptions are made for students living with relatives in Davidson County students with health exemptions married students and some students with senior standing 190 The Commons Center dining hall Organizations Edit The university has over 430 student organizations ranging from academic major societies and honoraries to recreational sports clubs the oldest of which is the Vanderbilt Sailing Club 191 Sailing Club Regatta One publication The Vanderbilt Hustler was established in 1888 and is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Nashville 192 In Langford v Vanderbilt University 1956 a student sued the university for libel 193 the Tennessee court dismissed the lawsuit concluding the university was not the owner of the newspaper 194 Additional student publications include those published by the College of Arts amp Science such as the Vanderbilt Political Review and the Vanderbilt Historical Review as well as the Vanderbilt University Law School which publishes three law reviews the flagship journal is the Vanderbilt Law Review The on campus radio station WRVU represents the student body by playing a range of music from bluegrass to choral with a focus on non mainstream music 195 Vanderbilt also has a large performing arts community spanning every genre of the arts with multiple organizations representing each category There are dance groups covering contemporary tap hip hop Latin and Bhangra styles as well as numerous theatre improvisation spoken word music and singing groups including the 2014 Sing Off champion male a cappella group The Melodores 196 Performing arts organizations comprise over 1 000 students and are represented by the Vanderbilt Performing Arts Community which supports groups by sponsoring performances and awards The student body is governed by Vanderbilt Student Government which includes Senate Judicial and Executive Branches This organization is responsible for the distribution of nearly 2 million in funds set aside by the university to fund student organizations The VSG passed a bill in 2017 calling on Vanderbilt to divest from private prisons 197 Greek life Edit Vanderbilt s Greek system consists of 15 fraternities and 12 sororities 198 Of this 7 chapters are members of the National Pan Hellenic Council As of the 2021 22 academic year 20 of men were members of fraternities and 26 of women were members of sororities or 23 of total undergraduates were actively involved in the Greek system Student controversies Edit In 1980 several Vanderbilt students one of whom was African American decided to hold Nat Turner Day to protest Kappa Alpha Order s celebration of Old South Day when KA brothers dressed as Confederate States Army personnel 199 The university administrators sided with KA banned Nat Turner Day and let KA parade in their Confederate costumes 200 The African American student was called a homophobic slur and beaten up by the KA chapter 200 On November 4 2010 two anonymous former members of the Vanderbilt chapter an alumnus and a senior student alleged they were evicted from Beta Upsilon Chi a Christian fraternity for being gay 201 202 203 204 In the wake of a U S Supreme Court decision in 2011 four Christian student organizations were placed on probation due to non compliance with the university s nondiscrimination policy which requires student groups to accept all students and forbids them from requiring that their officers share the beliefs goals and values embodied in the group 205 Controversy continued to surround this issue throughout 2011 and 2012 culminating in a proposed state law exempting student organizations from nondiscrimination policies Although the bill passed both houses of the Tennessee Legislature it was vetoed by Governor Bill Haslam 206 In March 2015 three swastikas a symbol of Nazi antisemitism were found spray painted in the elevator and basement inside the house of Alpha Epsilon Pi one of the historically Jewish fraternities on campus 207 208 209 The campus Hillel chapter called it a malicious attack intended to bring to mind the horrors of the Holocaust to force us to feel different endangered and isolated 210 The news characterized as a hate crime by university officials made national and international headlines including in Israel 207 208 209 A 2015 survey reported that 20 of undergraduate students were sexually assaulted in 2014 2015 211 Meanwhile as of 2015 The Tennessean reports that the university is under review by federal education officials spurred by six current and former female students who filed a complaint about how Vanderbilt has handled cases of sexual misconduct 211 In April 2016 and June 2016 two former Vanderbilt football players were found guilty of charges related to the videotaped rape of an unconscious woman in a dorm room 212 Cory Batey was convicted of aggravated rape aggravated sexual battery facilitation of aggravated rape and attempted aggravated rape 213 while Brandon Vandenburg was convicted of aggravated rape aggravated sexual battery and unlawful photography 212 214 The two are among four former football players charged with crimes related to the case 215 Athletics EditMain article Vanderbilt Commodores Varsity sports Men s Women sBaseball BasketballBasketball BowlingCross country Cross countryFootball GolfGolf LacrosseTennis SoccerSwimmingTennisTrack amp Field Vanderbilt s basketball teams play in Memorial Gymnasium Vanderbilt is a founding and charter member of the Southeastern Conference and for a half century has been the conference s only private school 216 The university fields six men s and ten women s intercollegiate teams and has won five NCAA championships 217 218 With fewer than 6 900 undergraduates the school is also the smallest in the conference the SEC s next smallest school Mississippi State University has nearly twice as many undergraduate students Additionally the school has outside conference memberships in two women s sports that the SEC does not sponsor The women s lacrosse team plays in the American Athletic Conference 219 In bowling a sport which the NCAA sanctions only for women Vanderbilt is a member of the single sport Southland Bowling League 220 Conversely Vanderbilt is the only SEC school not to field teams in softball and volleyball but has discussed adding either or both sports in the future 221 Men s and women s tennis and baseball are traditionally Vanderbilt s strongest sports Both basketball teams play in quirky Memorial Gym built in 1952 222 The homecourt advantage Vanderbilt has enjoyed has been nicknamed Memorial Magic 223 The Vanderbilt climbing team competes in the USA Climbing Collegiate Series In the 2019 season Vanderbilt took 3rd in speed climbing and 13th overall in the country 224 In February 2016 the university was fined 100 000 by the Southeastern Conference after fans stormed the basketball court following a win 225 Athletics restructuring Edit Hawkins Field in June 2007 The university is unique in NCAA Division I in that for several years the athletics department was not administered separately from other aspects of campus life Vice Chancellor David Williams who was over intercollegiate athletics also was university counsel and in charge of other aspects of undergraduate campus life such as intramural sports 226 Despite fears that Vanderbilt would lose coaches and recruits or would be forced out of the SEC the university experienced considerable success after the change 2006 07 was one of the best in the school s athletic history At one point seven of Vanderbilt s 16 teams were concurrently ranked in the Top 25 of their respective sports 227 Women s bowling won the NCAA championship bringing the university its first team championship since the advent of the NCAA 228 The baseball team qualified for the NCAA Super Regionals in 2004 had the nation s top recruiting class in 2005 according to Baseball America 229 made the NCAA field again in 2006 and won the 2007 SEC regular season and tournament championships Vanderbilt was ranked first in most polls for a large portion of the 2007 season and the team secured the top seed in the 2007 NCAA tournament 230 In more recent years the team has reached the pinnacle of college baseball winning the College World Series in both 2014 and 2019 The team s triumph in 2014 was the school s first national championship in a men s sport Mascot Edit Vanderbilt s intercollegiate athletics teams are nicknamed the Commodores in honor of the nickname given to Cornelius Vanderbilt who made his fortune in shipping 231 The term commodore was used by the Navy during the mid to late 19th century A commodore was the commanding officer of a task force of ships and therefore higher in rank than a captain but lower in rank than an admiral The rank is still used by the British Royal Navy and other Commonwealth countries but the equivalent modern day rank in the U S Navy is rear admiral lower half Since the term was used most during the 19th century Vanderbilt s mascot Mr C is usually portrayed as a naval officer from the late 19th century complete with mutton chops cutlass and uniform In addition to Mr C Vanderbilt fans often use the cheer Anchor down accompanied by the VU hand sign created by extending the thumb along with the index and middle fingers essentially identical to the Serbian three finger salute 232 Notable people EditFor a more comprehensive list see List of Vanderbilt University people Alumni who have served as heads of state prime ministers and heads of government include Jose Ramon Guizado 17th President of Panama 233 Thomas C Jefferson first Premier of the Cayman Islands 234 Abdiweli Mohamed Ali 15th Prime Minister of Somalia 235 and Chung Won shik 21st Prime Minister of South Korea 236 Notable U S political figures who have attended Vanderbilt include two U S Vice Presidents John Nance Garner 237 and Nobel Laureate Al Gore 238 Supreme Court Justice and U S Attorney General James Clark McReynolds 239 U S Secretary of Commerce Mickey Kantor 240 Director of the National Economic Council Allan B Hubbard 241 U S Commissioner of Education John J Tigert 242 U S Secretary of the Treasury John Wesley Snyder 243 U S Secretary of Education Lamar Alexander 244 two White House Chiefs of Staff John R Steelman 245 and Jack Watson 246 as well as 53 members of the United States Congress 18 ambassadors and 13 governors including Governor of Texas Greg Abbott 247 and Governor of Kentucky Andy Beshear 248 Other leaders in foreign government who graduated from Vanderbilt include Baso Sangqu President of the United Nations Security Council 249 Redley A Killion Vice President of Micronesia 250 Pedro Pinto Rubianes Vice President of Ecuador 250 Yoo Myung hee Minister for Trade of South Korea 251 Yeda Crusius Governor of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul 252 Wang Tso jung President of the Control Yuan of the Government of the Republic of China 253 Soemarno Sosroatmodjo Governor of Jakarta Indonesia 254 Kwon Hyouk se Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service of South Korea 255 and Ihor Petrashko Minister of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine 256 Influential figures outside of elected office include civil rights movement pioneer James Lawson 257 Nobel Peace Prize winning father of microfinance Muhammad Yunus 258 Scopes Trial chief counsel John Randolph Neal Jr 259 Chinese theologian T C Chao 260 Watergate prosecutor James F Neal 261 Yun Chi ho Korean political activist and thinker during the Joseon Dynasty 262 and Charlie Soong who played a significant role in the Xinhai Revolution 263 Prominent alumni in business and finance include Time Inc Chairman and CEO Ann S Moore 264 American Airlines Group CEO Doug Parker 265 Hilton Hotels CEO Matthew J Hart 266 NASDAQ CEO Adena Friedman 267 J P Morgan amp Co CEO Henry C Alexander 268 American Express Chairman Ralph Owen 269 founding engineer of Facebook Jeffrey J Rothschild 270 General Motors President Mark Reuss 271 Bain and Company founder Bill Bain 272 Boston Consulting Group founder Bruce Henderson 273 Perot Systems Chairman Ross Perot Jr 274 Dollar General CEO Cal Turner Jr 275 iHeartMedia CEO Mark P Mays 276 Emerson Electric CEO David Farr 277 Eastman Kodak President William S Vaughn 278 and Sotheby s CEO Michael Ainslie 279 In addition Vanderbilt has educated several heads of central banks including Sureyya Serdengecti Central Bank of Turkey 280 Syahril Sabirin Bank of Indonesia 281 Moshe Mendelbaum Bank of Israel 282 Ibrahim Eris Central Bank of Brazil 283 and Liang Kuo shu Central Bank of the Republic of China 284 In academia and the sciences distinguished Vanderbilt alumni include University of Pennsylvania President Sheldon Hackney 285 founding dean of Harvard University s John F Kennedy School of Government Don K Price 286 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Stanford Moore 287 astronomers E E Barnard 288 and J Davy Kirkpatrick 289 Platonist philosopher Richard M Weaver 290 founder of New Criticism Cleanth Brooks 291 mathematician Lawrence C Evans 292 Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare developer Herman Daly 293 Haskell programming language designer Paul Hudak 294 Director of the Simons Center for the Social Brain at MIT Mriganka Sur 295 founder of the NASA Astrobiology Institute and Chairman of the SpaceX Safety Advisory Panel G Scott Hubbard 296 Mendel L Peterson the father of underwater archaeology 297 John Ridley Stroop who discovered the Stroop effect 298 and NASA astronauts Michael L Gernhardt 299 and Charles R Chappell 300 Vanderbilt graduates in medicine have pioneered and attained several firsts within their fields including Norman Shumway first to perform a successful heart transplant in the United States 301 Levi Watkins first to successfully implant an automatic defibrillator in a human patient 302 Mildred T Stahlman founder of the first NICU 303 James Tayloe Gwathmey the Father of Modern Anesthesia 304 and Ernest William Goodpasture who invented methods for growing viruses and rickettsiae enabling the development of vaccination 305 Alumni have made significant contributions to literature Most notably the Southern Agrarians and Fugitive Poets were two overlapping groups of influential American poets and writers in the early 1900s based at Vanderbilt 306 Three U S Poets Laureate are alums Allen Tate Robert Penn Warren and Randall Jarrell Warren later won the Pulitzer Prize twice for poetry and for All the King s Men Other important novelists include James Dickey Deliverance 307 James Still River of Earth 308 Elizabeth Spencer The Light in the Piazza 309 and James Patterson who topped Forbes s list of global highest grossing authors in multiple years 310 Journalists who have attended Vanderbilt include Pulitzer Prize winners Ralph McGill and Wendell Rawls Jr Morning Joe host Willie Geist Vogue Director of Communications Hildy Kuryk 311 NBC newscaster David Brinkley CNN International anchor Richard Quest and head writer of The Daily Show Zhubin Parang 312 In popular culture Dinah Shore James Melton Rosanne Cash Amy Grant Kim Dickens Logan Browning Dierks Bentley Joe Bob Briggs and film directors Rod Daniel and BAFTA winner Duncan Jones all attended Vanderbilt 313 as well as Academy Award winners Delbert Mann and Tom Schulman 313 314 Additionally Vanderbilt counts among its alumni base current and former athletes in the NFL MLB and NBA as well as on the PGA Tour Alumni in the NFL include Jay Cutler 315 Bill Wade 316 Casey Hayward 317 Ke Shawn Vaughn 318 and Trent Sherfield 319 Vanderbilt s entrants into the NBA include Will Perdue 320 Charles Davis 321 Festus Ezeli 322 Darius Garland 323 Dan Langhi 324 Clyde Lee 325 Luke Kornet 326 and Aaron Nesmith 327 Vanderbilt baseball stars include Sonny Gray 328 Walker Buehler Pedro Alvarez 329 Dansby Swanson 330 David Price 331 Scotti Madison 332 and Mike Minor 333 Carter Hawkins general manager of the Chicago Cubs played baseball at Vanderbilt from 2004 to 2007 334 Brandt Snedeker was the PGA Tour Rookie of the Year in 2007 335 Olympians who attended Vanderbilt include Jeff Turner member of the gold medal winning 1984 United States men s Olympic basketball team 336 gold medalist Shannon Vreeland in the 4 200 meter freestyle relay at the 2012 Summer Olympics 337 and rower Peter Sharis in the men s coxless pair event at the 1992 Summer Olympics 338 Notable Vanderbilt University alumni include US Supreme Court Justice and Attorney General James Clark McReynolds BS 1882 32nd Vice President of the United States John Nance Garner Law 1886 American astronomer Edward Emerson Barnard B A 1887 Pulitzer Prize winning author of All the King s Men Robert Penn Warren BA 1925 Singer actress Dinah Shore BA 1938 Founder of Bain amp Company Bill Bain BA 1959 45th Vice President of the United States Al Gore Div 1971 72 f Nobel Peace Prize winning social entrepreneur Muhammad Yunus PhD 1971 American author James Patterson MA 1970 Chairman and CEO of American Airlines Group Inc Doug Parker MBA 1986 Former CEO of Time Inc Ann S Moore BA 1971 Former Prime Minister of Somalia and President of Puntland Abdiweli Mohamed Ali MA 1988 48th Governor of Texas Greg Abbott JD 1984 NASA astronaut Michael L Gernhardt BS 1978 Former United States Secretary of Commerce Mickey Kantor BA 1951 See also Edit United States portalLatin American Public Opinion Project Southern IvyNotes Edit Contrary to widely stated belief however Wallace was not the first African American athlete in the SEC Stephen Martin who was attending Tulane University on an academic scholarship walked on to Tulane s baseball team in his sophomore season of 1966 1965 66 school year and earned letters in that season as well as the 1967 and 1968 seasons Martin is often overlooked as an SEC integration pioneer because his first season of 1966 was Tulane s last as an SEC member 64 65 At the same time that Wallace and another African American basketball player Godfrey Dillard who transferred from Vanderbilt before playing in a varsity game 66 enrolled as scholarship athletes at Vanderbilt the University of Kentucky enrolled two African American scholarship football players Nate Northington and Greg Page Since freshmen were not eligible to play varsity sports at the time players who enrolled in school in 1966 could not play on varsity teams until 1967 Because the football season precedes the basketball season within the school year both were set to become the first African American scholarship athletes in the SEC but Page suffered a paralyzing spinal cord injury in a 1967 preseason practice and died from the complications on September 29 less than a week after Northington became the SEC s first black scholarship athlete when he played his first game for Kentucky 67 68 See article on the Declaration of Helsinki Other consists of Multiracial Americans amp those who prefer to not say The percentage of students who received an income based federal Pell grant intended for low income students The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum No degree earned References Edit a b Vanderbilt University launches refreshed visual identity March 22 2022 Retrieved March 23 2022 NAICU Membership Archived from the original on November 9 2015 Lorin Janet September 23 2021 Penn Endowment Posts 41 Return Buoyed by Stock Market Gains Bloomberg Retrieved October 8 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link As of February 2022 U S and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2021 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY20 to FY21 Report National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA February 19 2021 Retrieved April 19 2022 Quick Facts Vanderbilt University Retrieved February 1 2022 Quick Facts Vanderbilt University Retrieved February 5 2022 a b c Vanderbilt profile Vanderbilt News College Navigator Vanderbilt University nces ed gov Athletics Vanderbilt University Brand Style Guide Retrieved March 23 2022 a b c d e Quick Facts Vanderbilt University Retrieved February 17 2020 Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup carnegieclassifications iu edu Center for Postsecondary Education Retrieved July 26 2020 Teaching the American 20s Americans Encounter the Modern Regionalism Reacting to the Modern www hrc utexas edu Archived from the original on January 23 2017 Retrieved October 20 2017 aapone February 4 2014 A Brief Guide to the Fugitives A Brief Guide to the Fugitives Retrieved October 20 2017 Walker Teresa M SEC s only private school Vanderbilt thriving without athletic director Lubbock Online Lubbock Avalanche Journal lubbockonline com Retrieved October 10 2017 Winning Institution Search The Rhodes Trust Retrieved August 20 2020 a b c d e f g h i Vanderbilt at a Glance Undergraduate Admissions Retrieved February 28 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Carey Bill 2003 Chancellors Commodores amp Coeds A History of Vanderbilt University Nashville TN Clearbrook Press Publishing ISBN 978 0 9725680 0 5 Stowell Daniel W 1998 Rebuilding Zion The Religious Reconstruction of the South 1863 1877 Oxford UK Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 514981 4 Women to the Rescue Vanderbilt Magazine Vanderbilt University October 17 2015 Archived from the original on October 17 2015 Retrieved February 5 2022 Tennessee Portrait Project Amelia Townsend McTyeire Tnportraits org Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved April 23 2014 Tennessee Portrait Project Frank Crawford Vanderbilt Tnportraits org Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Retrieved April 23 2014 a b The History of Vanderbilt Vanderbilt University Archived from the original on May 23 2007 Retrieved May 24 2007 Renehan Edward J Jr 2007 Commodore The Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt Basic Books p XV Carey Bill April 8 2002 Old Central built by former governor who slugged Jefferson Davis Vanderbilt Register Archived from the original on November 15 2002 Retrieved November 5 2015 a b The Vanderbilt Laying of the Corner Stone of the Great University Yesterday Interesting Ceremonies and a Large Attendance Addressed by Bishops McTyeire and Wrightman Gov Brown and Chancellor Morgan Nashville Union and American Nashville Tennessee April 29 1874 p 8 Retrieved November 22 2015 via Newspapers com a b c Hoobler James A 2008 A Guide to Historic Nashville Tennessee Charleston South Carolina The History Press p 145 ISBN 978 1 59629 404 2 a b The Story of the Frats at Vanderbilt University The Tennessean Nashville Tennessee January 12 1908 p 16 Retrieved January 5 2016 via Newspapers com Mediratta Avi Bub Sydney October 5 2016 The Legacy of Slavery at Vanderbilt Vanderbilt Political Review Retrieved June 16 2018 Although Cornelius Vanderbilt originally supported the Union it was Frank Armstrong Crawford Vanderbilt the Commodore s wife and a Confederate sympathizer who supposedly convinced him to donate money for the founding of Vanderbilt University The university named Crawford House on the Martha Rivers Ingram Commons in her honor a b Fuselier Kathryn Yee Robert October 17 2016 The Legacy of Slavery at Vanderbilt Our Forgotten Past Vanderbilt Historical Review Retrieved September 19 2017 Glenn Justin 2015 The Washingtons A Family History Volume 1 Seven Generations of the Presidential Branch El Dorado Hills California Savas Beatie p 1895 ISBN 978 1 61121 285 3 OCLC 898163692 Vanderbilt Collection Kirkland Hall A L P Green 1806 1875 Tennessee Portrait Project Colonial Dames of America in Tennessee Archived from the original on January 5 2016 Retrieved November 9 2015 Slaves Buried Between 1846 1865 Nashville City Cemetery Archived from the original on December 22 2017 Retrieved November 9 2015 a b Epstein Ojalvo Holly February 13 2017 Beyond Yale These other university buildings have ties to slavery and white supremacy USA Today Retrieved April 7 2018 But in 2012 a new college hall was dedicated to Elizabeth Boddie Elliston whose family owned slaves and who according to the university website donated segments of her plantation for the formation of the Vanderbilt campus Goff Reda C Spring 1972 The Confederate Veteran Magazine Tennessee Historical Quarterly 31 1 60 JSTOR 42623281 Cornelius Vanderbilt G Moretti Vanderbilt University Retrieved December 23 2015 Gulley Frank Vanderbilt University and Southern Methodism Archived from the original on August 22 2010 Retrieved February 20 2008 Burt Jesse C Jr June 1954 Anna Russell Cole A Study of a Grande Dame Tennessee Historical Quarterly 13 2 127 155 JSTOR 42621182 a b Cole Lectures Divinity School Vanderbilt University Retrieved September 19 2017 Vanderbilt Collection Kirkland Hall Anna Virginia Russell Mrs E W Cole 1846 1926 Tennessee Portrait Project National Society of Colonial Dames of America in Tennessee Retrieved September 30 2017 Burt Jesse C Jr January 1954 Whitefoord Russell Cole A Study in Character Filson Club History Quarterly 28 28 48 a b Whitefoord Russell Cole 1874 1934 Tennessee Portrait Project National Society of Colonial Dames of America in Tennessee Archived from the original on November 20 2008 Retrieved October 24 2017 Hale Rand Nettie 1940 Rand Hale Strong and Allied Families A Genealogical Study with the Autobiography of Nettie Hale Rand New York City The American Historical Company Inc pp 15 20 Buildings Bear Leaders Names Garland Buttrick and Calhoun To Be Honored at Vanderbilt The Tennessean March 25 1928 p 7 via Newspapers com The Inflation Calculator Archived from the original on July 18 2011 Retrieved May 18 2016 a b Jaschik Scott May 5 2005 Confederates Defeat Vanderbilt Appeals court says university must pay if it wants to change controversial name of a dormitory Inside Higher Ed Retrieved November 21 2015 a b Obituary AP Dr Ernest Goodpasture Dead Developed Vaccine for Mumps Pathologist s Chicken Embryo Virus Led to Immunization Against Many Diseases New York Times September 22 1960 ProQuest Historical Newspapers pg 27 a b McCabe Katie Like Something the Lord Made Archived February 12 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Washingtonian 1999 U S Naval Administration in World War II HyperWar Foundation 2011 Retrieved September 29 2011 Max Delbruck at Vanderbilt Department of Physics and Astronomy Retrieved February 5 2022 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969 NobelPrize org Pacchioli David March 1996 Subjected to Science Archived January 10 2013 at the Wayback Machine Research Penn State Vol 17 no 1 a b c Miller Karin July 28 1998 Experiment subjects to get 10 3 million from university The Santa Cruz Sentinel Santa Cruz California p 7 Retrieved October 12 2015 via Newspapers com a b 1940s study gave radioactive pills to 751 pregnant women The Galveston Daily News Galveston Texas December 21 1993 p 3 Retrieved October 12 2015 via Newspapers com Girls Coming to Tech mitpress mit edu MIT Press January 14 2014 ISBN 9780262320276 Retrieved January 14 2014 Name frontweb vuse vanderbilt edu Retrieved February 5 2022 a b Carey Bill February 12 2003 First African American student left many legacies Vanderbilt University Archived from the original on December 28 2015 Retrieved May 10 2015 a b Branscomb Harvie 1978 Purely Academic An Autobiography Nashville TN Vanderbilt University pp 152 65 Sumner David E Spring 1997 The Publisher and the Preacher Racial Conflict at Vanderbilt University Tennessee Historical Quarterly 56 1 34 43 JSTOR 42627327 Fontenay Charles L May 1 1976 Stahlman Suffers Stroke Condition Termed Critical The Tennessean pp 1 8 Retrieved December 17 2017 via Newspapers com Jefferson Cowie James G Stahlman Professor of History Department of History Vanderbilt University Patterson Jim January 30 2006 The Rev James Lawson to return as visiting professor The Vanderbilt Register Retrieved January 10 2007 Perry Wallace Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame 2003 Archived from the original on July 24 2011 Retrieved August 17 2007 a b Wallace was first black player in SEC Archived from the original on October 17 2015 Retrieved August 3 2015 Tulane Mourns the Passing of Integration Pioneer Stephen Martin Sr Press release Tulane Green Wave May 16 2013 Retrieved January 30 2018 Maraniss Andrew 2014 Strong Inside Perry Wallace and the Collision of Race and Sports in the South Vanderbilt University Press p 221 ISBN 9780826520241 Carey Jack February 19 2004 An SEC trailblazer gets his due USA Today Retrieved March 7 2010 Story Mark September 22 2016 UK reveals sculpture honoring first black football players Lexington Herald Leader Retrieved January 30 2018 Pioneers of Integration in the SEC PDF 2018 UK Football Record Book Kentucky Wildcats Retrieved September 12 2018 Speakers September 28 2010 IMPACT through the Decades February 19 2014 a b Lorge Barry February 1 1978 USTA No Choice On Davis Clash With S Africa The Washington Post Retrieved July 10 2017 Amdur Neil March 20 1978 U S Davis Cup Team Beats South Africa The New York Times Retrieved July 10 2017 History of Vanderbilt University Retrieved March 23 2015 Harmon L Wray Jr Cells for Sale Archived February 1 2016 at the Wayback Machine Southern Changes The Journal of the Southern Regional Council Volume 8 Number 3 1989 a b Donna Selman and Paul Leighton 2010 Punishment for Sale Private Prisons Big Business and the Incarceration Binge New York City Rowman amp Littlefield Publishers pp 81 82 ISBN 978 1 4422 0174 3 Pre IPO shareholders included Vanderbilt University where Thomas Beasley received a law degree and which has done some research favorable to private prisons a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Distinguished Award Recipients Vanderbilt Law School Retrieved June 16 2018 a b How VU tackles tough job of lasooing more diversity The Tennessean November 19 1995 p 58 Retrieved June 16 2018 via Newspapers com a b Dobie Bruce Campus Revolution Nashville Scene Retrieved February 5 2022 a b c Vanderbilt to add 4 residential colleges in 600M project AP NEWS January 24 2018 Retrieved February 5 2022 Vanderbilt University September 19 2002 Confederate Memorial Hall renamed Memorial Hall The Vanderbilt Register Archived from the original on February 12 2012 Retrieved May 24 2007 Latt Elizabeth P October 1 2003 Court ruling supports Vanderbilt decision to change name of building The Vanderbilt Register Archived from the original on February 12 2012 Retrieved May 24 2007 Vanderbilt University May 5 2005 Appeals court rules on Memorial Hall dispute The Vanderbilt Register Archived from the original on February 12 2012 Retrieved May 24 2007 Brophy Alfred L 2010 The Law and Morality of Building Renaming PDF South Texas Law Review Brophy s article concludes with a caution that renaming can lead to the forgetting of historical context and an observation that memory is more important than renaming p 37 Vanderbilt University July 25 2005 Vanderbilt drops suit over Memorial Hall The Vanderbilt Register Archived from the original on February 12 2012 Retrieved May 24 2007 Tamburin Adam August 15 2016 Vanderbilt to remove Confederate from building name The Tennessean Retrieved August 15 2016 Anonymous donors recently gave the university the 1 2 million needed for that purpose the Vanderbilt Board of Trust authorized the move this summer Need Based Financial Aid at Vanderbilt Vanderbilt edu Retrieved July 24 2015 Donors give 200 million to support Vanderbilt financial aid program The Tennessean May 14 2015 p A5 Retrieved June 16 2018 via Newspapers com a b c Vanderbilt University Divests from Land Grab in Africa oaklandinstitute org February 13 2013 Retrieved February 5 2022 US universities in Africa land grab the Guardian June 8 2011 Retrieved February 5 2022 Vanderbilt s Wond ry spurs school wide innovation The Tennessean Retrieved December 28 2016 Vanderbilt welcomes most selective diverse first year class Vanderbilt University October 28 2019 Retrieved October 8 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Class of 2023 Regular Decision Summary Statistics Undergraduate Admissions Vanderbilt University Retrieved October 8 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b The Vanderbilt Profile Undergraduate Admissions Retrieved November 7 2018 Vanderbilt University Vanderbilt University Retrieved October 10 2017 The Vanderbilt Profile Undergraduate Admissions Vanderbilt University admissions vanderbilt edu Retrieved February 9 2018 Class of 2025 Early and Regular Decision Admissions Statistics Vanderbilt University Retrieved March 31 2021 Perrotta Rachael This class gives me hope Class of 2026 overall acceptance rate drops to 6 1 record low The Vanderbilt Hustler Retrieved June 27 2021 Top Tennessee Colleges 11 of the Top Colleges and Universities in Tennessee Collegeapps about com December 1 2012 Retrieved March 5 2013 What Vanderbilt Northwestern and other elite colleges don t say about their acceptance rates Washington Post Retrieved June 4 2022 Gaming the rankings Race to the top Retrieved July 6 2022 Vanderbilt University Vanderbilt University Retrieved June 4 2022 1 Class of 2026 Early Decision by the Numbers National Merit Scholarship Corporation Annual Report 2015 2016 PDF National Merit Scholarship Corporation The Princeton Review Vanderbilt University The Princeton Review Retrieved February 28 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Class of 2026 Regular Decisions Mailed Today The Vandy Admissions Blog Vanderbilt University Admissions vanderbilt edu March 23 2012 Retrieved March 5 2013 Table 20 Higher education R amp D expenditures ranked by FY 2018 R amp D expenditures FYs 2009 18 ncsesdata nsf gov National Science Foundation Retrieved July 26 2020 Salisbury David F February 5 2007 VU gains ground in competition for federal research dollars The Vanderbilt Register Archived from the original on March 28 2013 Retrieved July 1 2007 Vanderbilt University United Health Foundation and Yale University Launch Group Prenatal Care Pilot in Nashville Expect With Me Nuclear amp Plasma Sciences Society Retrieved August 3 2015 a b Harold Stirling Vanderbilt Archived from the original on March 6 2016 Retrieved August 3 2015 Harrison David May 23 2004 A true scientific breakthrough the blue rose The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on January 11 2022 Retrieved June 30 2011 Advanced exoskeleton promises more independence for people with paraplegia Vanderbilt University October 30 2012 Retrieved November 29 2012 Lightweight Robotic Exoskeleton Approved By FDA Popular Science March 12 2016 U S DOE Office of Science 2011 Nations Work Together to Discover New Element U S Department of Energy Retrieved January 5 2020 Periodic table elements named for Moscow Japan Tennessee AP 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2023 Quacquarelli Symonds Retrieved July 26 2022 World University Rankings 2022 Times Higher Education Retrieved July 26 2022 2022 Best Global Universities Rankings U S News amp World Report Retrieved July 26 2022 Vanderbilt University U S News Best National University Rankings U S News amp World Report Retrieved February 28 2022 Vanderbilt University U S News Best Global University Rankings U S News amp World Report Retrieved February 28 2022 World University Rankings 2016 2017 108 Vanderbilt University Times Higher Education August 17 2016 Retrieved November 30 2017 Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017 52 Vanderbilt University Shanghai Ranking Archived from the original on January 19 2019 Retrieved November 30 2017 Reuters Top 100 The World s Most Innovative Universities 2017 Reuters September 27 2017 Retrieved October 20 2017 Vanderbilt University Vanderbilt University Peabody a b Vanderbilt University U S News amp World Report 2014 Full Time MBA Programs Bloomberg 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2018 WORK HARD PLAY HARD The 30 most intense colleges in America Business Insider Retrieved October 10 2017 Here are the 50 smartest colleges in America Business Insider Retrieved August 24 2018 2022 Hardest Colleges to Get Into Niche Retrieved March 18 2018 Land Use Archived from the original on September 9 2015 Retrieved August 3 2015 History vanderbilt edu Retrieved March 22 2015 a b c Facts about the Arboretum Vanderbilt University Retrieved March 12 2014 ArbNet the Interactive Community of Arboreta Vanderbilt University Arboretum The Morton Arboretum Retrieved October 30 2020 Sherman Najahe December 22 2015 Broken bones and stitches Parents injured by tree falling at Vanderbilt WKRN TV Retrieved December 24 2015 10 Hurt When Tree Falls During Vanderbilt Tour Inside Higher Ed December 22 2015 Retrieved December 24 2015 a b c d e f g h i Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on September 12 2014 Retrieved August 22 2014 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Lagemann Robert T Holladay Wendell G 2000 To Quarks and Quasars A History of Physics and Astronomy at Vanderbilt University p 32 They agreed that the preferred location would be the popularly named Sacred Grove a wooded open area east of the Engineering School and north of the Medical School more or less where the Stevenson Center now stands Sterkenburg Sara October 17 2018 The History of Kirkland Hall Topic of New Exhibition Retrieved November 21 2019 Campus Land Use Master Planning History at Vanderbilt Archived February 10 2018 at the Wayback Machine Downloaded February 9 2018 NY Architects Design Vanderbilt University s Historic Peabody College for Teachers Education Update www educationupdate com Retrieved February 5 2022 Membership and Procedures of the Board of Trust Vanderbilt University November 21 2008 Archived from the original on February 1 2009 Retrieved January 7 2009 Members Board of Trust Retrieved December 2 2017 a b 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22 2015 Retrieved August 3 2015 Vanderbilt first university in Tennessee recognized for green building Press release Vanderbilt University August 17 2007 Archived from the original on February 9 2012 Retrieved September 2 2007 Vanderbilt University goes for the gold and wins for green building efforts Press release Vanderbilt University June 18 2008 Archived from the original on September 6 2008 Retrieved June 18 2008 Sisk Chas September 3 2007 Seven Vanderbilt buildings to get green certification The Tennessean Retrieved September 3 2007 dead link Lewis Princine June 13 2005 Living and learning at Vanderbilt to undergo major transformation The Vanderbilt Register Archived from the original on March 28 2013 Retrieved July 1 2007 a b Residential Requirement vanderbilt edu Retrieved March 22 2015 Vanderbilt Sailing Club Historical Background Vanderbilt Sailing Club Archived from the original on August 8 2016 Retrieved July 8 2016 Vanderbilt Hustler Retrieved August 3 2015 Langford v Vanderbilt University Justia Law Retrieved February 5 2022 Russell Kirk January 15 1969 Who is responsible for student press The Argus Fremont California p 4 Retrieved July 16 2015 via Newspapers com Taylor Kelly Sam Patton April 4 2007 Letter Greer column fails to mention diversity of campus radio station The Vanderbilt Hustler Archived from the original on November 28 2011 Retrieved April 26 2007 Kara Furlong Melodores are Sing Off champs Vanderbilt University Retrieved August 3 2015 Associated Press March 9 2017 Students urge Vanderbilt against private prison investment The Washington Times Retrieved June 16 2018 Interfraternity Council Vanderbilt University Retrieved October 2 2017 Shoulders Carolyn April 2 1980 Black To Lead Protest of Fraternity Dixie Ball The Tennessean Retrieved June 16 2018 a b Suddath Claire August 26 2004 Where the Freaks Are Nashville Scene Retrieved June 2 2018 Former Beta Upsilon Chi members allege unfair treatment based on sexual orientation InsideVandy December 9 2011 Archived from the original on December 9 2011 Retrieved February 5 2022 Chaturbate Review 2021 The Biggest amp The Best Free Live Cam Site The Cam Sites November 17 2018 Retrieved February 5 2022 Vanderbilt Christian Frat Ousted Gays News The Advocate November 12 2010 Archived from the original on November 12 2010 Retrieved February 5 2022 Wright Melissa November 10 2010 US fraternity comes under fire for expelling gay members Pink Paper Archived from the original on March 19 2012 Professor Says Vanderbilt Suppressing Christian Student Groups Amid Shutdown Threats Fox News September 26 2011 Tennessee Senate Bill 3597 History Retrieved July 25 2012 a b Tamburin Adam Swastikas painted in Jewish fraternity at Vanderbilt The Tennessean Retrieved February 5 2022 a b Reuters Three swastikas were spray painted in a Jewish fraternity at Vanderbilt University Business Insider Retrieved February 5 2022 a b Vanderbilt University investigating Swastikas painted in Jewish fraternity 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original on March 16 2009 Retrieved May 20 2009 College Navigator Varsity Athletic Teams National Center for Education Statistics U S Department of Education Retrieved May 20 2009 American Athletic Conference to Sponsor Women s Lacrosse Beginning in 2019 Press release American Athletic Conference October 11 2017 Retrieved October 16 2017 New Southland Bowling League Established Press release Southland Conference January 20 2015 Retrieved April 2 2015 Patton Maurice May 14 2007 Success may add teams at Vandy The Tennessean Archived from the original on July 15 2012 Retrieved May 24 2007 Vanderbilt Official Athletic Site Facilities Vucommodores com Archived from the original on March 15 2015 Retrieved March 23 2015 The Magic of Memorial is Historical Vucommodores com Archived from the original on May 27 2013 Retrieved March 5 2013 Vanderbilt Climbing Team Takes 3rd in Country for Speed Climbing vanderbilt edu Retrieved November 14 2019 Curtis Cory February 29 2016 Vanderbilt University fined 100 000 WKRN TV Retrieved March 9 2016 Bechtel Mark June 6 2007 A Process of Elimination Vanderbilt has found greater sports success since losing its athletics department Sports Illustrated Seven Vanderbilt teams ranked in Top 25 Press release Vanderbilt University February 23 2007 Archived from the original on March 27 2008 Retrieved May 24 2007 Vanderbilt Athletic Department Vanderbilt Bowlers Make History Vanderbilt University Archived from the original on September 29 2011 Retrieved April 14 2007 Kimmey Will October 11 2005 Vandy Recruits Stay For Top Recruiting Class Baseball America Retrieved January 10 2007 Vanderbilt Awarded No 1 National Seed Press release Vanderbilt University May 28 2007 Archived from the original on July 27 2011 Retrieved May 29 2007 Commodore Vanderbilt s Life PDF New York Times January 5 1877 VU Football Traditions 101 Retrieved August 3 2015 JOSE GUIZADO 65 EX PANAMA HEAD President in 55 Jailed in Murder Then Exonerated The New York Times November 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Director National Economic Council georgewbush whitehouse archives gov John J Tigert President University of Florida president ufl edu Encyclopedia of Arkansas Encyclopedia of Arkansas Office of Undergraduate Admissions Notable Alumni Politics Government Vanderbilt University Archived from the original on April 9 2009 Retrieved May 24 2007 Steelman John R Papers Harry S Truman www trumanlibrary gov Formidable Leader of Carter Transition Team The New York Times November 23 1976 Greg Abbott 84 elected governor of Texas Vanderbilt University Beshear set for next chapter as Bevin concedes in Kentucky AP News November 14 2019 New Permanent Representative of South Africa Presents Credentials Meetings Coverage and Press Releases www un org Retrieved August 21 2018 a b Vanderbilt Graduates Undergraduate Admissions Vanderbilt University admissions vanderbilt edu Archived from the original on July 28 2017 Retrieved April 28 2017 Minister For Trade Minister amp Vice Ministers Ministry of Trade Industry and Energy motie go kr A Conversation with Governor of the State of Rio Grande do Sul Yeda Crusius Wilson Center www wilsoncenter org Chang Yun Ping June 15 2003 DPP decries Soong s proposal Taipei Times Retrieved May 1 2017 Visit to Singapore Governor of Jakarta Dr Soemarno www nas gov sg Preventing an economic ice age koreatimes November 27 2011 Agricultural Executive Takes Over As Ukraine s New Economy Minister rferl org March 18 2020 Retrieved April 15 2020 Emery Theo October 4 2006 Activist Ousted From Vanderbilt Is Back as a Teacher The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 5 2017 Communications Vanderbilt Division of Muhammad Yunus PhD 71 awarded George Washington University President s Medal Vanderbilt University Ruuska Luis January 12 2016 The law professor who rarely bathed got fired from UT and was lead counsel in the Scopes Monkey trial University of Tennessee College of Law Retrieved October 8 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web 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Pathologist s Chicken Embryo Virus Led to Immunization Against Many Diseases New York Times Sep 22 1960 ProQuest Historical Newspapers pg 27 Southern Agrarians www encyclopedia com James Dickey Prolific Poet Author of Deliverance Los Angeles Times January 21 1997 Stoneback H R 1990 Rivers of Earth and Troublesome Creeks The Agrarianism of James Still The Kentucky Review 10 3 Spencer Elizabeth fellowshipofsouthernwriters org Girl on the Train carries Paula Hawkins into list of world s richest authors The Guardian August 3 2016 Hilary Moss April 24 2013 Vogue s New Director of Communications Used to Work for Obama the DNC New York Retrieved January 27 2014 Zhubin Parang ucbcomedy com Retrieved October 17 2017 a b Office of Undergraduate Admissions Notable Alumni Arts amp Entertainment Vanderbilt University Archived from the original on December 22 2007 Retrieved May 24 2007 Office of Undergraduate Admissions Notable Alumni Media Vanderbilt University Retrieved May 24 2007 Jay Cutler is going into the Vanderbilt Hall of Fame NBC Sports Chicago January 21 2016 Rexrode Joe Vanderbilt football legend Bill Wade remains Nashville s best NFL Draft story The Tennessean Hayward pledges 10 years of scholarships Nashville Post Ke Shawn Vaughn Stats News Bio ESPN Hills Drake Will Vanderbilt football have three players taken in NFL Draft for first time since 2014 The Tennessean Will Perdue Vanderbilt University Athletics Official Athletics Website May 13 2019 Charles Davis Vanderbilt University Athletics Official Athletics Website May 13 2019 Sparks Adam Vanderbilt s Festus Ezeli shares NBA title with family The Tennessean Wilson Mike Darius Garland goes No 5 overall to Cavaliers in 2019 NBA Draft The Tennessean span, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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