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Wikipedia

Johnny Cash

April 10, 2023

This article is about the singer. For other uses, see Johnny Cash (disambiguation).
"John R. Cash" redirects here. For the album, see John R. Cash (album).

John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American country singer-songwriter. Most of Cash's music contained themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, and redemption, especially in the later stages of his career.[4][5] He was known for his deep, calm bass-baritone voice,[a][6] the distinctive sound of his Tennessee Three backing band characterized by train-like chugging guitar rhythms, a rebelliousness[7][8] coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor,[4] free prison concerts,[9] and a trademark all-black stage wardrobe, which earned him the nickname the "Man in Black".[b]

Johnny Cash
Cash in 1977
Born
J. R. Cash

(1932-02-26)February 26, 1932
Kingsland, Arkansas, U.S.
DiedSeptember 12, 2003(2003-09-12) (aged 71)
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
Resting placeHendersonville Memory Gardens
Other namesThe Man in Black
Occupations
  • Singer
  • songwriter
  • musician
  • actor
Years active1954–2003
Spouse(s)
​
​
(m. 1954; div. 1966)​

​
​
(m. 1968; died 2003)​
Children5, including Rosanne, Cindy and John
RelativesTommy Cash (brother)
Military career
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branchUnited States Air Force
Years of service1950–1954
Rank Staff sergeant
Musical career
Genres
Instrument(s)
  • Vocals
  • guitar
Labels
Formerly ofThe Highwaymen
Websitejohnnycash.com

Born to poor cotton farmers in Kingsland, Arkansas, Cash rose to fame during the mid-1950s in the burgeoning rockabilly scene in Memphis, Tennessee, after serving four years in the Air Force. He traditionally began his concerts by simply introducing himself, "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash",[c] followed by "Folsom Prison Blues", one of his signature songs. His other signature songs include "I Walk the Line", "Ring of Fire", "Get Rhythm", and "Man in Black". He also recorded humorous numbers like "One Piece at a Time" and "A Boy Named Sue", a duet with his future wife June called "Jackson" (followed by many further duets after their wedding), and railroad songs such as "Hey, Porter", "Orange Blossom Special", and "Rock Island Line".[12] During the last stage of his career, he covered songs by contemporary rock artists; among his most notable covers were "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails, "Rusty Cage" by Soundgarden, and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode.

Cash is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide.[13][14] His genre-spanning music embraced country, rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk, and gospel sounds. This crossover appeal earned him the rare honor of being inducted into the Country Music, Rock and Roll, and Gospel Music Halls of Fame. His music career was dramatized in the 2005 biopic Walk the Line, in which Cash was portrayed by American film actor Joaquin Phoenix.

Early life

 
Cash's boyhood home in Dyess, Arkansas, where he lived from the age of three in 1935 until he finished high school in 1950; the property, pictured here in 2021, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The home was renovated in 2011 to look as it did when Cash was a child.

Cash was born J. R. Cash in Kingsland, Arkansas, on February 26, 1932,[15][16] to Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers) and Ray Cash. He had three older siblings, Roy, Margaret Louise, and Jack, and three younger siblings, Reba, Joanne, and Tommy (who also became a successful country artist).[17][18] He was primarily of English and Scottish descent.[19][20][21] His paternal grandmother also claimed Cherokee ancestry, though a DNA test of Cash's daughter Rosanne found she has no known Native American markers.[22][23] He traced his Scottish surname to 11th-century Fife after meeting with the then-laird of Falkland, Major Michael Crichton-Stuart.[24][25][26] Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the name of his family.[24] He is a distant cousin of British Conservative politician Sir William Cash.[27] His mother wanted to name him John and his father preferred to name him Ray, so J. R. ended up being the only compromise they could agree on.[28] When Cash enlisted in the Air Force, he was not permitted to use initials as a first name, so he changed it to John R. Cash. In 1955, when signing with Sun Records, he started using the name Johnny Cash.[8]

In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the family settled in Dyess, Arkansas, a New Deal colony established to give poor families the opportunity to work land that they may later own.[29] From the age of five, he worked in cotton fields with his family, singing with them as they worked. The Cash farm in Dyess experienced a flood, which led Cash later to write the song "Five Feet High and Rising".[30] His family's economic and personal struggles during the Great Depression gave him a lifelong sympathy for the poor and working class, and inspired many of his songs.

In 1944,[31] Cash's older brother Jack, with whom he was close, was cut almost in two by an unguarded table saw at work and died a week later.[32] According to Cash's autobiography, he, his mother, and Jack all had a sense of foreboding about that day; his mother urged Jack to skip work and go fishing with Cash, but Jack insisted on working as the family needed the money. Cash often spoke of the guilt he felt over the incident, and spoke of looking forward to "meeting [his] brother in Heaven".[8]

Cash's early memories were dominated by gospel music and radio. Taught guitar by his mother and a childhood friend, Cash began playing and writing songs at the age of 12. When young, Cash had a high-tenor voice, before becoming a bass-baritone after his voice changed.[33] In high school, he sang on a local radio station. Decades later, he released an album of traditional gospel songs called My Mother's Hymn Book. He was also significantly influenced by traditional Irish music, which he heard performed weekly by Dennis Day on the Jack Benny radio program.[34]

Cash enlisted in the Air Force on July 7, 1950.[35] After basic training at Lackland Air Force Base and technical training at Brooks Air Force Base, both in San Antonio, Texas, Cash was assigned to the 12th Radio Squadron Mobile of the U.S. Air Force Security Service at Landsberg, West Germany. He worked as a Morse code operator intercepting Soviet Army transmissions. While working this job, Cash was allegedly the first American to be given the news of Joseph Stalin’s death (supplied via Morse code). His daughter, Rosanne, backed up the claim, saying that Cash had recounted the story many times over the years.[36][37][38] While at Landsberg he created his first band, "The Landsberg Barbarians".[39] On July 3, 1954, he was honorably discharged as a staff sergeant, and he returned to Texas.[40] During his military service, he acquired a distinctive scar on the right side of his jaw as a result of surgery to remove a cyst.[41][42]

Career

Early career

 
Publicity photo for Sun Records, 1955

In 1954, Cash and his first wife Vivian moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where he had sold appliances while studying to be a radio announcer. At night, he played with guitarist Luther Perkins and bassist Marshall Grant. Perkins and Grant were known as the Tennessee Two. Cash worked up the courage to visit the Sun Records studio, hoping to get a recording contract.[43] He auditioned for Sam Phillips by singing mostly gospel songs, only to learn from the producer that he no longer recorded gospel music. Phillips was rumored to have told Cash to "go home and sin, then come back with a song I can sell", although in a 2002 interview, Cash denied that Phillips made any such comment.[44] Cash eventually won over the producer with new songs delivered in his early rockabilly style. In 1955, Cash made his first recordings at Sun, "Hey Porter" and "Cry! Cry! Cry!", which were released in late June and met with success on the country hit parade.

On December 4, 1956, Elvis Presley dropped in on Phillips while Carl Perkins was in the studio cutting new tracks, with Jerry Lee Lewis backing him on piano. Cash was also in the studio, and the four started an impromptu jam session. Phillips left the tapes running and the recordings, almost half of which were gospel songs, survived. They have since been released under the title Million Dollar Quartet. In Cash: the Autobiography, Cash wrote that he was the farthest from the microphone and sang in a higher pitch to blend in with Elvis.

Cash's next record, "Folsom Prison Blues", made the country top five. His "I Walk the Line" became number one on the country charts and entered the pop charts top 20. "Home of the Blues" followed, recorded in July 1957. That same year, Cash became the first Sun artist to release a long-playing album. Although he was Sun's most consistently selling and prolific artist at that time, Cash felt constrained by his contract with the small label. Phillips did not want Cash to record gospel and was paying him a 3% royalty rather than the standard rate of 5%. Presley had already left Sun and, Phillips was focusing most of his attention and promotion on Lewis.

In 1958, Cash left Phillips to sign a lucrative offer with Columbia Records. His single "Don't Take Your Guns to Town" became one of his biggest hits, and he recorded a collection of gospel songs for his second album for Columbia. However, Cash left behind a sufficient backlog of recordings with Sun that Phillips continued to release new singles and albums featuring previously unreleased material until as late as 1964. Cash was in the unusual position of having new releases out on two labels concurrently. Sun's 1960 release, a cover of "Oh Lonesome Me", made it to number 13 on the C&W charts.[d]

 
The Tennessee Three with Cash in 1963

Early in his career, Cash was given the teasing nickname "the Undertaker" by fellow artists because of his habit of wearing black clothes. He said he chose them because they were easier to keep looking clean on long tours.[45]

In the early 1960s, Cash toured with the Carter Family, which by this time regularly included Mother Maybelle's daughters, Anita, June, and Helen. June later recalled admiring him from afar during these tours. In the 1960s, he appeared on Pete Seeger's short-lived television series Rainbow Quest.[46] He also acted in, and wrote and sang the opening theme for, a 1961 film entitled Five Minutes to Live, later re-released as Door-to-door Maniac.

Cash's career was handled by Saul Holiff, a London, Ontario, promoter. Their relationship was the subject of Saul's son's biopic My Father and the Man in Black.[47]

Outlaw image

As his career was taking off in the late 1950s, Cash started drinking heavily and became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates. For a brief time, he shared an apartment in Nashville with Waylon Jennings, who was deeply addicted to amphetamines. Cash would use the stimulants to stay awake during tours. Friends joked about his "nervousness" and erratic behavior, many ignoring the warning signs of his worsening drug addiction.

Although he was in many ways spiraling out of control, Cash could still deliver hits due to his frenetic creativity. His rendition of "Ring of Fire" was a crossover hit, reaching number one on the country charts and entering the top 20 on the pop charts. It was originally performed by June's sister, but the signature mariachi-style horn arrangement was provided by Cash.[48] He said that it had come to him in a dream. Vivian Liberto claimed a different version of the origins of "Ring of Fire". In her book, I Walked the Line: My Life with Johnny, Liberto says that Cash gave Carter half the songwriting credit for monetary reasons.[49]

In June 1965, Cash's camper caught fire during a fishing trip with his nephew Damon Fielder in Los Padres National Forest in California, triggering a forest fire that burned several hundred acres and nearly caused his death.[50][51] Cash claimed that the fire was caused by sparks from a defective exhaust system on his camper, but Fielder thinks that Cash started a fire to stay warm and in his drugged condition failed to notice the fire getting out of control.[52] When the judge asked Cash why he did it, Cash said, "I didn't do it, my truck did, and it's dead, so you can't question it."[53] The fire destroyed 508 acres (206 ha), burned the foliage off three mountains and drove off 49 of the refuge's 53 endangered California condors.[54] Cash was unrepentant and claimed, "I don't care about your damn yellow buzzards."[55] The federal government sued him and was awarded $125,172. Cash eventually settled the case and paid $82,001.[56]

Although Cash cultivated a romantic outlaw image, he never served a prison sentence. Despite landing in jail seven times for misdemeanors, he stayed only one night on each stay. On May 11, 1965, he was arrested in Starkville, Mississippi, for trespassing late at night onto private property to pick flowers. (He used this to write the song "Starkville City Jail", which he discussed on his live At San Quentin album.)[57] While on tour that year, he was arrested October 4 in El Paso, Texas, by a narcotics squad. The officers suspected he was smuggling heroin from Mexico, but found instead 688 Dexedrine capsules (amphetamines) and 475 Equanil (sedatives or tranquilizers) tablets hidden inside his guitar case. Because the pills were prescription drugs rather than illegal narcotics, Cash received a suspended sentence. He posted a $1,500 bond and was released until his arraignment.[58]

In this period of the mid-1960s, Cash released a number of concept albums. His Bitter Tears (1964) was devoted to spoken word and songs addressing the plight of Native Americans and mistreatment by the government. While initially reaching charts, this album met with resistance from some fans and radio stations, which rejected its controversial take on social issues. In 2011, a book was published about it, leading to a re-recording of the songs by contemporary artists and the making of a documentary film about Cash's efforts with the album. This film was aired on PBS in February and November 2016. His Sings the Ballads of the True West (1965) was an experimental double record, mixing authentic frontier songs with Cash's spoken narration.

Reaching a low with his severe drug addiction and destructive behavior, Cash was divorced from his first wife and had performances cancelled, but he continued to find success. In 1967, Cash's duet with June Carter, "Jackson", won a Grammy Award.[59]

Cash was last arrested in 1967 in Walker County, Georgia, after police found he was carrying a bag of prescription pills and was in a car accident. Cash attempted to bribe a local deputy, who turned the money down. He was jailed for the night in LaFayette, Georgia. Sheriff Ralph Jones released him after giving him a long talk, warning him about the danger of his behavior and wasted potential. Cash credited that experience with helping him turn around and save his life. He later returned to LaFayette to play a benefit concert; it attracted 12,000 people (the city population was less than 9,000 at the time) and raised $75,000 for the high school.[60] Reflecting on his past in a 1997 interview, Cash noted: "I was taking the pills for awhile, and then the pills started taking me."[61] June, Maybelle, and Ezra Carter moved into Cash's mansion for a month to help him get off drugs. Cash proposed onstage to June on February 22, 1968, at a concert at the London Gardens in London, Ontario, Canada. The couple married a week later (on March 1) in Franklin, Kentucky. She had agreed to marry Cash after he had "cleaned up."[62]

Cash's journey included rediscovery of his Christian faith. He took an "altar call" in Evangel Temple, a small church in the Nashville area, pastored by Reverend Jimmie Rodgers Snow, son of country music legend Hank Snow. According to Marshall Grant, though, Cash did not completely stop using amphetamines in 1968. Cash did not end all drug use until 1970, staying drug-free for a period of seven years. Grant claims that the birth of Cash's son, John Carter Cash, inspired Cash to end his dependence.[63]

Cash began using amphetamines again in 1977. By 1983, he was deeply addicted again and became a patient at the Betty Ford Clinic in Rancho Mirage for treatment. He stayed off drugs for several years, but relapsed. By 1989, he was dependent and entered Nashville's Cumberland Heights Alcohol and Drug Treatment Center. In 1992, he started care at the Loma Linda Behavioral Medicine Center in Loma Linda, California, for his final rehabilitation treatment. (Several months later, his son followed him into this facility for treatment.)[64][65]

Folsom and other prison concerts

Cash began performing concerts at prisons in the late 1950s. He played his first famous prison concert on January 1, 1958, at San Quentin State Prison.[66] These performances led to a pair of highly successful live albums, Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison (1968) and Johnny Cash at San Quentin (1969). Both live albums reached number one on Billboard country album music and the latter crossed over to reach the top of the Billboard pop album chart. In 1969, Cash became an international hit when he eclipsed even The Beatles by selling 6.5 million albums.[67] In comparison, the prison concerts were much more successful than his later live albums such as Strawberry Cake recorded in London and Live at Madison Square Garden, which peaked at numbers 33 and 39 on the album charts, respectively.

The Folsom Prison record was introduced by a rendition of his "Folsom Prison Blues" while the San Quentin record included the crossover hit single "A Boy Named Sue", a Shel Silverstein-penned novelty song that reached number one on the country charts and number two on the U.S. top-10 pop charts.

Cash performed at the Österåker Prison in Sweden in 1972. The live album På Österåker (At Österåker) was released in 1973. "San Quentin" was recorded with Cash replacing "San Quentin" with "Österåker". In 1976, a concert at Tennessee State Prison was videotaped for TV broadcast, and received a belated CD release after Cash's death as A Concert Behind Prison Walls.

Activism for Native Americans

Cash used his stardom and economic status to bring awareness to the issues surrounding the Native American people.[68] Cash sang songs about indigenous humanity in an effort to confront the U.S. government. Many non-Native Americans stayed away from singing about these things.[69] In 1965, Cash and June Carter appeared on Pete Seeger's TV show, Rainbow Quest, on which Cash explained his start as an activist for Native Americans:

In '57, I wrote a song called "Old Apache Squaw" and then forgot the so-called Indian protest for a while, but nobody else seemed to speak up with any volume of voice.[70]

Columbia Music, the label for which Cash was recording then, was opposed to putting the song on his next album, considering it "too radical for the public".[71] Cash singing songs of Indian tragedy and settler violence went radically against the mainstream of country music in the 1950s, which was dominated by the image of the righteous cowboy who simply makes the native's soil his own.[72]

In 1964, coming off the chart success of his previous album I Walk the Line, he recorded the aforementioned album Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian.

We're Still Here: Johnny Cash's Bitter Tears Revisited, a documentary by Antonino D'Ambrosio (author of A Heartland and a Guitar: Johnny Cash and the Making of Bitter Tears) tells the story of Johnny Cash's controversial concept album Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian, covering the struggles of Native Americans. The film's DVD was released on August 21, 2018.[73]

The album featured stories of a multitude of Indigenous peoples, mostly of their violent oppression by white settlers: the Pima ("The Ballad of Ira Hayes"), Navajo ("Navajo"), Apache ("Apache Tears"), Lakota ("Big Foot"), Seneca ("As Long as the Grass Shall Grow"), and Cherokee ("Talking Leaves"). Cash wrote three of the songs himself and one with the help of Johnny Horton, but the majority of the protest songs were written by folk artist Peter La Farge (son of activist and Pulitzer prizewinner Oliver La Farge), whom Cash met in New York in the 1960s and whom he admired for his activism.[74] The album's single, "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" (about Ira Hayes, one of the six to raise the U.S. flag at Iwo Jima), was neglected by nonpolitical radio at the time, and the record label denied it any promotion due to its provocative protesting and "unappealing" nature. Cash faced resistance and was even urged by an editor of a country music magazine to leave the Country Music Association: "You and your crowd are just too intelligent to associate with plain country folks, country artists, and country DJs."[75]

In reaction, on August 22, 1964, Cash posted a letter as an advertisement in Billboard, calling the record industry cowardly: "D.J.s – station managers – owners [...] where are your guts? I had to fight back when I realized that so many stations are afraid of Ira Hayes. Just one question: WHY??? Ira Hayes is strong medicine [...] So is Rochester, Harlem, Birmingham and Vietnam."[76][77] Cash kept promoting the song himself and used his influence on radio disc jockeys he knew eventually to make the song climb to number three on the country charts, while the album rose to number two on the album charts.[75]

 
Cash in 1969

Later, on The Johnny Cash Show, he continued telling stories of Native-American plight, both in song and through short films, such as the history of the Trail of Tears.[78]

In 1966, in response to his activism, Cash was adopted by the Seneca Nation's Turtle Clan.[22] He performed benefits in 1968 at the Rosebud Reservation, close to the historical landmark of the massacre at Wounded Knee, to raise money to help build a school. He also played at the D-Q University in the 1980s.[79]

In 1970, Cash recorded a reading of John G. Burnett's 1890, 80th-birthday essay[80] on Cherokee removal for the Historical Landmarks Association (Nashville).[81]

The Johnny Cash Show

From June 1969 to March 1971, Cash starred in his own television show, The Johnny Cash Show, on the ABC network.[82] Produced by Screen Gems, the show was performed at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. The Statler Brothers opened for him in every episode; the Carter Family and rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part of the regular show entourage. Cash also enjoyed booking mainstream performers as guests; including Linda Ronstadt in her first TV appearance, Neil Young, Louis Armstrong, Neil Diamond, Kenny Rogers and The First Edition (who appeared four times), James Taylor, Ray Charles, Roger Miller, Roy Orbison, Derek and the Dominos, Joni Mitchell, and Bob Dylan.[82]

From September 15–18, 1969, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, he performed a series of four concerts at the New Mexico State Fair to promote the first season of The Johnny Cash Show.[83][84] These live shows were produced with help from ABC and local concert producer Bennie Sanchez, during these sets Johnny Cash and Al Hurricane performed together.[85] Also during The Johnny Cash Show era, he contributed the title song and other songs to the film Little Fauss and Big Halsy, which starred Robert Redford, Michael J. Pollard, and Lauren Hutton.[86] The title song, "The Ballad of Little Fauss and Big Halsy", written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for a Golden Globe award in 1971.[87]

Cash had first met with Dylan in the mid-1960s and became neighbors in the late 1960s in Woodstock, New York. Cash was enthusiastic about reintroducing the reclusive Dylan to his audience. Cash sang a duet with Dylan, "Girl from the North Country", on Dylan's country album Nashville Skyline and also wrote the album's Grammy-winning liner notes.

Another artist who received a major career boost from The Johnny Cash Show was Kris Kristofferson, who was beginning to make a name for himself as a singer-songwriter. During a live performance of Kristofferson's "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down", Cash refused to change the lyrics to suit network executives, singing the song with its references to marijuana intact:

On a Sunday morning sidewalk
I'm wishin', Lord, that I was stoned.[88]

The closing program of The Johnny Cash Show was a gospel music special. Guests included the Blackwood Brothers, Mahalia Jackson, Stuart Hamblen, and Billy Graham.[89]

The "Man in Black"

 
Cash advocated prison reform at his July 1972 meeting with President Richard Nixon

By the early 1970s, Cash had established his public image as the "Man in Black". He regularly performed in entirely black suits with a long, black, knee-length coat. This outfit stood in contrast to the rhinestone suits and cowboy boots worn by most of the major country acts of his day.

 
Cash performing in Bremen, West Germany, in September 1972

Cash said he wore all black on behalf of the poor and hungry, the "prisoner who has long paid for his crime", and those who have been betrayed by age or drugs.[90] He added, "With the Vietnam War as painful in my mind as it was in most other Americans, I wore it 'in mourning' for the lives that could have been' ... Apart from the Vietnam War being over, I don't see much reason to change my position ... The old are still neglected, the poor are still poor, the young are still dying before their time, and we're not making many moves to make things right. There's still plenty of darkness to carry off."[90]

 
Cash in the "one piece at a time" Cadillac

Initially, he and his band had worn black shirts because that was the only matching color they had among their various outfits. He wore other colors on stage early in his career, but he claimed to like wearing black both on and off stage. He stated that political reasons aside, he simply liked black as his on-stage color.[10] The outdated US Navy's winter blue uniform used to be referred to by sailors as "Johnny Cashes", as the uniform's shirt, tie, and trousers are solid black.[91]

In the mid-1970s, Cash's popularity and number of hit songs began to decline. He made commercials for Amoco and STP, an unpopular enterprise at the time of the 1970s energy crisis. In 1976, he made commercials for Lionel Trains, for which he also wrote the music.[92] However, his first autobiography, Man in Black, was published in 1975 and sold 1.3 million copies. A second, Cash: The Autobiography, appeared in 1997.

Cash's friendship with Billy Graham[93] led to his production of a film about the life of Jesus, Gospel Road: A Story of Jesus, which Cash co-wrote and narrated. It was released in 1973. Cash viewed the film as a statement of his personal faith rather than a means of proselytizing.[94]

Cash and June Carter Cash appeared several times on the Billy Graham Crusade TV specials, and Cash continued to include gospel and religious songs on many of his albums, though Columbia declined to release A Believer Sings the Truth, a gospel double-LP Cash recorded in 1979 and which ended up being released on an independent label even with Cash still under contract to Columbia. On November 22, 1974, CBS ran his one-hour TV special entitled Riding The Rails, a musical history of trains.

He continued to appear on television, hosting Christmas specials on CBS in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Later television appearances included a starring role in an episode of Columbo, entitled "Swan Song". June and he appeared in an episode of Little House on the Prairie, entitled "The Collection". He gave a performance as abolitionist John Brown in the 1985 American Civil War television miniseries North and South. In the 1990s, Johnny and June appeared in Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman in recurring roles.

He was friendly with every US president, starting with Richard Nixon. He was closest to Jimmy Carter, with whom he became close friends and who was a distant cousin of his wife, June.[95]

When invited to perform at the White House for the first time in 1970,[96] Richard Nixon's office requested that he play "Okie from Muskogee" (a satirical Merle Haggard song about people who despised hippies, young drug users and Vietnam war protesters), "Welfare Cadillac" (a Guy Drake song which chastises the integrity of welfare recipients), and "A Boy Named Sue". Cash declined to play the first two and instead selected other songs, including "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" and his own compositions, "What Is Truth" and "Man in Black". Cash wrote that the reasons for denying Nixon's song choices were not knowing them and having fairly short notice to rehearse them, rather than any political reason.[97] However, Cash added, even if Nixon's office had given Cash enough time to learn and rehearse the songs, their choice of pieces that conveyed "antihippie and antiblack" sentiments might have backfired.[98] In his remarks when introducing Cash, Nixon joked that one thing he had learned about him was one did not tell him what to sing.[99]

Johnny Cash was the grand marshal of the United States Bicentennial parade.[100] He wore a shirt from Nudie Cohn which sold for $25,000 in auction in 2010.[101] After the parade he gave a concert at the Washington monument.[102]

Highwaymen and departure from Columbia Records

In 1980, Cash became the Country Music Hall of Fame's youngest living inductee at age 48, but during the 1980s, his records failed to make a major impact on the country charts, although he continued to tour successfully. In the mid-1980s, he recorded and toured with Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, and Kris Kristofferson as The Highwaymen, making three hit albums, which were released beginning with the originally titled Highwayman in 1985, followed by Highwaymen 2 in 1990, and concluding with Highwaymen – The Road Goes On Forever in 1995.

During that period, Cash appeared in a number of television films. In 1981, he starred in The Pride of Jesse Hallam, winning fine reviews for a film that called attention to adult illiteracy. In 1983, he appeared as a heroic sheriff in Murder in Coweta County, based on a real-life Georgia murder case, which co-starred Andy Griffith as his nemesis.

Cash relapsed into addiction after being administered painkillers for a serious abdominal injury in 1983 caused by an incident in which he was kicked and wounded by an ostrich on his farm.[103]

At a hospital visit in 1988, this time to watch over Waylon Jennings (who was recovering from a heart attack), Jennings suggested that Cash have himself checked into the hospital for his own heart condition. Doctors recommended preventive heart surgery, and Cash underwent double bypass surgery in the same hospital. Both recovered, although Cash refused to use any prescription painkillers, fearing a relapse into dependency. Cash later claimed that during his operation, he had what is called a "near-death experience".

In 1984, Cash released a self-parody recording titled "The Chicken in Black" about Cash's brain being transplanted into a chicken and Cash receiving a bank robber's brain in return. Biographer Robert Hilburn, in his 2013 book Johnny Cash: The Life, disputes the claim made that Cash chose to record an intentionally poor song in protest of Columbia's treatment of him. On the contrary, Hilburn writes, it was Columbia that presented Cash with the song, which Cash – who had previously scored major chart hits with comedic material such as "A Boy Named Sue" and "One Piece at a Time" – accepted enthusiastically, performing the song live on stage and filming a comedic music video in which he dresses up in a superhero-like bank-robber costume. According to Hilburn, Cash's enthusiasm for the song waned after Waylon Jennings told Cash he looked "like a buffoon" in the music video (which was showcased during Cash's 1984 Christmas TV special), and Cash subsequently demanded that Columbia withdraw the music video from broadcast and recall the single from stores—interrupting its bona fide chart success—and termed the venture "a fiasco."[104]

Between 1981 and 1984, he recorded several sessions with famed countrypolitan producer Billy Sherrill (who also produced "The Chicken in Black"), which were shelved; they would be released by Columbia's sister label, Legacy Recordings, in 2014 as Out Among the Stars.[105] Around this time, Cash also recorded an album of gospel recordings that ended up being released by another label around the time of his departure from Columbia (this due to Columbia closing down its Priority Records division that was to have released the recordings).

After more unsuccessful recordings were released between 1984 and 1985, Cash left Columbia.

In 1986, Cash returned to Sun Studios in Memphis to team up with Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins to create the album Class of '55; according to Hilburn, Columbia still had Cash under contract at the time, so special arrangements had to be made to allow him to participate.[106] Also in 1986, Cash published his only novel, Man in White, a book about Saul and his conversion to become the Apostle Paul. He recorded Johnny Cash Reads The Complete New Testament in 1990.

American Recordings

 
Johnny Cash sings with a Navy lieutenant during a military event c. January 1987

After Columbia Records dropped Cash from his recording contract, he had a short and unsuccessful stint with Mercury Records from 1987 to 1991. During this time, he recorded an album of new versions of some of his best-known Sun and Columbia hits, as well as Water from the Wells of Home, a duets album that paired him with, among others, his children Rosanne Cash and John Carter Cash, as well as Paul McCartney. A one-off Christmas album recorded for Delta Records followed his Mercury contract.

Though Cash would never have another chart hit from 1991 until his death, his career was rejuvenated in the 1990s, leading to popularity with an audience which was not traditionally considered interested in country music. In 1988, British post-punk musicians Marc Riley (formerly of the Fall) and Jon Langford (the Mekons) put together 'Til Things Are Brighter, a tribute album featuring mostly British-based indie-rock acts' interpretations of Cash's songs. Cash was enthusiastic about the project, telling Langford that it was a "morale booster"; Rosanne Cash later said "he felt a real connection with those musicians and very validated ... It was very good for him: he was in his element. He absolutely understood what they were tapping into, and loved it". The album attracted press attention on both sides of the Atlantic.[107] In 1991, he sang a version of "Man in Black" for the Christian punk band One Bad Pig's album I Scream Sunday. In 1993, he sang "The Wanderer", the closing track of U2's album Zooropa. According to Rolling Stone writer Adam Gold, "The Wanderer" – written for Cash by Bono, "defies both the U2 and Cash canons, combining rhythmic and textural elements of Nineties synth-pop with a Countrypolitan lament fit for the closing credits of a Seventies western."[108]

No longer sought-after by major labels, he was offered a contract with producer Rick Rubin's American Recordings label, which had recently been rebranded from Def American, under which name it was better known for rap and hard rock. Under Rubin's supervision, he recorded American Recordings (1994) in his living room, accompanied only by his Martin Dreadnought guitar – one of many Cash played throughout his career.[109] The album featured covers of contemporary artists selected by Rubin. The album had a great deal of critical and commercial success, winning a Grammy for Best Contemporary Folk Album. Cash wrote that his reception at the 1994 Glastonbury Festival was one of the highlights of his career. This was the beginning of a decade of music industry accolades and commercial success. He teamed up with Brooks & Dunn to contribute "Folsom Prison Blues" to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Hot Organization. On the same album, he performed Bob Dylan's "Forever Young."[citation needed]

Cash and his wife appeared on a number of episodes of the television series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. He also lent his voice for a cameo role in The Simpsons episode "El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)", as the "Space Coyote" that guides Homer Simpson on a spiritual quest.

Cash was joined by guitarist Kim Thayil of Soundgarden, bassist Krist Novoselic of Nirvana, and drummer Sean Kinney of Alice in Chains for a cover of Willie Nelson's "Time of the Preacher", featured on the tribute album Twisted Willie, released in January 1996.[110]

In 1996, Cash collaborated with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers on Unchained (also known as American Recordings II), which won the Best Country Album Grammy in 1998. The album was produced by Rick Rubin with Sylvia Massy engineering and mixing. A majority of Unchained was recorded at Sound City Studios and featured guest appearances by Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, and Marty Stuart. Believing he did not explain enough of himself in his 1975 autobiography Man in Black, he wrote Cash: The Autobiography in 1997.

Later years and death

In 1997, during a trip to New York City, Cash was diagnosed with the neurodegenerative disease Shy–Drager syndrome, a form of multiple system atrophy.[111] According to biographer Robert Hilburn, the disease was originally misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease, and Cash even announced to his audience that he had Parkinson's after nearly collapsing on stage in Flint, Michigan, on October 25, 1997. Soon afterwards, his diagnosis was changed to Shy–Drager, and Cash was told he had about 18 months to live.[112] The diagnosis was later again altered to autonomic neuropathy associated with diabetes. The illness forced Cash to curtail his touring. He was hospitalized in 1998 with severe pneumonia, which damaged his lungs.

During the last stage of his career, Cash released the albums American III: Solitary Man (2000) and American IV: The Man Comes Around (2002). American IV included cover songs by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode.[113] Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails commented that he was initially skeptical about Cash's plan to cover "Hurt", but was later impressed and moved by the rendition.[114] The video for "Hurt" received critical and popular acclaim, including a Grammy Award.[115][116]

June Carter Cash died on May 15, 2003, aged 73.[117] June had told Cash to keep working, so he continued to record, completing 60 songs in the last four months of his life. He even performed surprise shows at the Carter Family Fold outside Bristol, Virginia. At the July 5, 2003, concert (his last public performance), before singing "Ring of Fire", Cash read a statement that he had written shortly before taking the stage:

The spirit of June Carter overshadows me tonight with the love she had for me and the love I have for her. We connect somewhere between here and Heaven. She came down for a short visit, I guess, from Heaven to visit with me tonight to give me courage and inspiration like she always has. She's never been one for me except courage and inspiration. I thank God for June Carter. I love her with all my heart.

Cash continued to record until shortly before his death. "When June died, it tore him up", Rick Rubin recalled. "He said to me, 'You have to keep me working because I will die if I don't have something to do.' He was in a wheelchair by then and we set him up at his home in Virginia… I couldn't listen to those recordings for two years after he died and it was heartbreaking when we did."[118] Cash's final recordings were made on August 21, 2003, and consisted of "Like the 309", which appeared on American V: A Hundred Highways in 2006, and the final song he completed, "Engine 143", recorded for his son John Carter Cash's planned Carter Family tribute album.[119]

While being hospitalized at Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Cash died of complications from diabetes at around 2:00 am Central Time on September 12, 2003, aged 71—less than four months after his wife. He was buried next to her at Hendersonville Memory Gardens near his home in Hendersonville, Tennessee.

Personal life

 
Cash and his second wife, June Carter, in 1969

On July 18, 1951, while in Air Force basic training, Cash met 17-year-old Italian-American Vivian Liberto at a roller skating rink in San Antonio, Texas.[120] They dated for three weeks until Cash was deployed to West Germany for a three-year tour. During that time, the couple exchanged hundreds of love letters.[121] On August 7, 1954, one month after his discharge, they were married at St. Ann's Roman Catholic Church in San Antonio. They had four daughters: Rosanne, Kathy, Cindy, and Tara. In 1961, Cash moved his family to a hilltop home overlooking Casitas Springs, California. He had previously moved his parents to the area to run a small trailer park called the Johnny Cash Trailer Park. His drinking led to several run-ins with local law enforcement. Liberto later said that she had filed for divorce in 1966 because of Cash's severe drug and alcohol abuse, as well as his constant touring, his repeated acts of adultery with other women, and his close relationship with singer June Carter. Their four daughters were then raised by their mother.

Cash met June of the famed Carter Family while on tour, and the two became infatuated with each other. In 1968, thirteen years after they first met backstage at the Grand Ole Opry, Cash proposed to June, during a live performance in London, Ontario.[122] The couple married on March 1, 1968, in Franklin, Kentucky. They had one child together, John Carter Cash, born March 3, 1970. He was the only son for both Johnny and June. In addition to having his four daughters and John Carter, Cash also became stepfather to Carlene and Rosie, June's daughters from her first two marriages, to, respectively, honky-tonk singer Carl Smith, and former police officer, football player, and race-car driver Edwin "Rip" Nix. Cash and Carter continued to work, raise their child, create music, and tour together for 35 years until June's death in May 2003. Throughout their marriage, June attempted to keep Cash off amphetamines, often taking his drugs and flushing them down the toilet. June remained with him even throughout his multiple admissions for rehabilitation treatment and decades of drug addiction. After June's death in May 2003, Cash believed that his only reason for living was his music; he died only four months later.[123]

Religious beliefs

Cash was raised by his parents in the Southern Baptist denomination of Christianity. He was baptized in 1944 in the Tyronza River as a member of the Central Baptist Church of Dyess, Arkansas.[124]

A troubled but devout Christian,[125][126] Cash has been characterized as a "lens through which to view American contradictions and challenges."[e][128][129] On May 9, 1971, he answered the altar call at Evangel Temple, an Assemblies of God congregation pastored by Jimmie R. Snow, with outreach to people in the music world.[130]

Cash penned a Christian novel, Man in White, in 1986, and in the introduction writes about a reporter, who, interested in Cash's religious beliefs, questioned whether the book is written from a Baptist, Catholic, or Jewish perspective. Cash replied, "I'm a Christian. Don't put me in another box."[131][132] [133][134]

In the mid-1970s, Cash and his wife, June, completed a course of study in the Bible through Christian International Bible College, culminating in a pilgrimage to Israel in November 1978.[65]: 66  Around that time, he was ordained as a minister, and officiated at his daughter's wedding.[135] He often performed at Billy Graham Crusades. At a Tallahassee Crusade in 1986, June and Johnny sang his song "One of These Days I'm Gonna Sit Down and Talk to Paul".[136] At a performance in Arkansas in 1989, Johnny Cash spoke to attendees of his commitment to the salvation of drug dealers and alcoholics. He then sang, "Family Bible".[137]

He recorded several gospel albums and made a spoken-word recording of the entire New King James Version of the New Testament.[138][139] Cash declared he was "the biggest sinner of them all", and viewed himself overall as a complicated and contradictory man.[140][f] Accordingly,[g] Cash is said to have "contained multitudes", and has been deemed "the philosopher-prince of American country music."[144][145]

Cash is credited with having converted actor and singer John Schneider to Christianity.[146]

Legacy

 
The clothes and guitar of Johnny Cash on exhibit in the Artist Gallery of the Musical Instrument Museum of Phoenix

Cash nurtured and defended artists (such as Bob Dylan[48]) on the fringes of what was acceptable in country music even while serving as the country music establishment's most visible symbol. At an all-star concert which aired in 1999 on TNT, a diverse group of artists paid him tribute, including Dylan, Chris Isaak, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Dom DeLuise, and U2. Cash himself appeared at the end and performed for the first time in more than a year. Two tribute albums were released shortly before his death; Kindred Spirits contains works from established artists, while Dressed in Black contains works from many lesser-known musicians.

In total, he wrote over 1,000 songs and released dozens of albums. A box set titled Unearthed was issued posthumously. It included four CDs of unreleased material recorded with Rubin, as well as a Best of Cash on American retrospective CD. The set also includes a 104-page book that discusses each track and features one of Cash's final interviews.[147]

In 1999, Cash received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Cash number 31 on their "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" list[148][149] and No. 21 on their "100 Greatest Singers" list in 2010.[150] In 2012, Rolling Stone ranked Cash's 1968 live album At Folsom Prison and 1994 studio album American Recordings at No. 88[151] and No. 366[152] in its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

In recognition of his lifelong support of SOS Children's Villages, his family invited friends and fans to donate to the Johnny Cash Memorial Fund in his memory. He had a personal link with the SOS village in Dießen, at the Ammersee Lake in Bavaria, near where he was stationed as a GI, and with the SOS village in Barrett Town, by Montego Bay, near his holiday home in Jamaica.[153][154]

In January 2006, Cash's lakeside home on Caudill Drive in Hendersonville was sold to Bee Gees vocalist Barry Gibb and wife Linda for $2.3 million. On April 10, 2007, during major renovation works carried out for Gibb, a fire broke out at the house, spreading quickly due to a flammable wood preservative that had been used. The building was completely destroyed.[155]

One of Cash's final collaborations with producer Rick Rubin, American V: A Hundred Highways, was released posthumously on July 4, 2006. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard Top 200 album chart for the week ending July 22, 2006. On February 23, 2010, three days before what would have been Cash's 78th birthday, the Cash Family, Rick Rubin, and Lost Highway Records released his second posthumous record, titled American VI: Ain't No Grave.

The main street in Hendersonville, Tennessee, Highway 31E, is known as "Johnny Cash Parkway".[156] The Johnny Cash Museum, located in one of Cash's properties in Hendersonville until 2006, dubbed the House of Cash, was sold based on Cash's will. Prior to this, having been closed for a number of years, the museum had been featured in Cash's music video for "Hurt". The house subsequently burned down during the renovation by the new owner. A new museum, founded by Shannon and Bill Miller, opened April 26, 2013, in downtown Nashville.[157]

On November 2–4, 2007, the Johnny Cash Flower Pickin' Festival was held in Starkville, Mississippi, where Cash had been arrested more than 40 years earlier and held overnight at the city jail on May 11, 1965. The incident inspired Cash to write the song "Starkville City Jail". The festival, where he was offered a symbolic posthumous pardon, honored Cash's life and music, and was expected to become an annual event.[158]

JC Unit One, Johnny Cash's private tour bus from 1980 until 2003, was put on exhibit at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, in 2007. The museum offers public tours of the bus on a seasonal basis (it is stored during the winter and not exhibited during those times).[159]

A limited-edition Forever stamp honoring Cash went on sale June 5, 2013. The stamp features a promotional picture of Cash taken around the 1963 release of Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash.[160]

On October 14, 2014, the City of Folsom unveiled phase 1 of the Johnny Cash Trail to the public with a dedication and ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by Rosanne Cash. Along the trail, eight larger-than-life public art pieces will tell the story of Johnny Cash, his connection to Folsom Prison, and his epic musical career. The Johnny Cash Trail features art selected by a committee that included Cindy Cash, a 2-acre (0.81 ha) Legacy Park, and over 3 miles (4.8 km) of multi-use class-I bike trail. The artists responsible for the sculptures are Sacramento-based Romo Studios, LLC and the Fine Art Studio of Rotblatt Amrany, from Illinois.[161]

In 2015, a new species of black tarantula was identified near Folsom Prison and named Aphonopelma johnnycashi in his honor.

In 2016, the Nashville Sounds Minor League Baseball team added the "Country Legends Race" to its between-innings entertainment. At the middle of the fifth inning, people in oversized foam caricature costumes depicting Cash, as well as George Jones, Reba McEntire, and Dolly Parton, race around the warning track at First Horizon Park from center field to the home plate side of the first base dugout.[162]

On February 8, 2018, the album Forever Words was announced, putting music to poems that Cash had written and which were published in book form in 2016.[163]

Johnny Cash's boyhood home in Dyess was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 2018, as "Farm No. 266, Johnny Cash Boyhood Home."[29]

The Arkansas Country Music Awards honored Johnny Cash's legacy with the Lifetime Achievement award on June 3, 2018. The ceremony was held that same date, which was a Monday night at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock in Little Rock, Arkansas. The nominations took place in early 2018.[164][165]

In 2019, Sheryl Crow released a duet with Cash on her song "Redemption Day" for her final album Threads. Crow, who had originally written and recorded the song in 1996, recorded new vocals and added them to those of Cash, who recorded the song for his American VI: Ain't No Grave album.[166]

In April 2019, it was announced that the state of Arkansas would place a statue of Cash in the National Statuary Hall in an effort to represent the modern history of Arkansas. The Governor of Arkansas, Asa Hutchinson, stated that Cash's contributions to music made him an appropriate figure to tell the story of the state.[167]

Portrayals

Country singer Mark Collie portrayed Cash in John Lloyd Miller's award-winning 1999 short film I Still Miss Someone.

In November 2005, Walk the Line, a biographical film about Cash's life, was released in the United States to considerable commercial success and critical acclaim. The film featured Joaquin Phoenix as Johnny (for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor) and Reese Witherspoon as June (for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress). Phoenix and Witherspoon also won the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy and Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy, respectively. They both performed their own vocals in the film (with their version of "Jackson" being released as a single), and Phoenix learned to play guitar for the role. Phoenix received a Grammy Award for his contributions to the soundtrack. John Carter Cash, the son of Johnny and June, served as an executive producer.

On March 12, 2006, Ring of Fire, a jukebox musical of the Cash oeuvre, debuted on Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theater, but closed due to harsh reviews and disappointing sales on April 30. Million Dollar Quartet, a musical portraying the early Sun recording sessions involving Cash, Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins, debuted on Broadway on April 11, 2010. Actor Lance Guest portrayed Cash. The musical was nominated for three awards at the 2010 Tony Awards and won one.

Robert Hilburn, veteran Los Angeles Times pop music critic, the journalist who accompanied Cash in his 1968 Folsom prison tour, and interviewed Cash many times throughout his life including months before his death, published a 688-page biography with 16 pages of photographs in 2013.[168] The meticulously reported biography is said to have filled in the 80% of Cash's life that was unknown, including details about Cash's battles with addiction and infidelity.[169][55][170]

Awards and honors

For detailed lists of music awards, see List of awards received by Johnny Cash.

If there were a hall of fame for creating larger-than-life personae, Cash would no doubt have been elected to it as well. His 1971 song "Man in Black" codified an image that the singer had assumed naturally for more than fifteen years at that point. Part rural preacher, part outlaw Robin Hood, he was a blue-collar prophet who, dressed in stark contrast to the glinting rhinestones and shimmering psychedelia of the time, spoke truth to power.

—Johnny Cash: Remembering the Incomparable Legend of Country, Rock and Roll, Rolling Stone.[171]

Cash received multiple Country Music Association Awards, Grammys, and other awards, in categories ranging from vocal and spoken performances to album notes and videos. In a career that spanned almost five decades, Cash was the personification of country music to many people around the world. Cash was a musician who was not defined by a single genre. He recorded songs that could be considered rock and roll, blues, rockabilly, folk, and gospel, and exerted an influence on each of those genres.

His diversity was evidenced by his presence in five major music halls of fame: the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame (1977), the Country Music Hall of Fame (1980), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1992), GMA's Gospel Music Hall of Fame (2010). and the Memphis Music Hall of Fame (2013).[172][173] Marking his death in 2003, Rolling Stone stated other than Elvis Presley Cash was the only artist inducted as a performer into both the Country Music Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[171]

His contributions to the genre have been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.[174] Cash received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1996 and stated that his induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1980 was his greatest professional achievement. In 2001, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.[175] "Hurt" was nominated for six VMAs at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. The only VMA the video won was that for Best Cinematography. With the video, Johnny Cash became the oldest artist ever nominated for an MTV Video Music Award.[176] Justin Timberlake, who won Best Video that year for "Cry Me a River", said in his acceptance speech: "This is a travesty! I demand a recount. My grandfather raised me on Johnny Cash, and I think he deserves this more than any of us in here tonight."[177]

Discography

Main articles: Johnny Cash albums discography, Johnny Cash singles discography, and Johnny Cash Sun Records discography
See also: List of songs recorded by Johnny Cash

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Notes
1961 Five Minutes to Live Johnny Cabot Also titled Door-To-Door Maniac
1967 The Road to Nashville Himself
1971 A Gunfight Abe Cross
1973 Gospel Road: A Story of Jesus Narrator/Himself
1983 Kairei Uncle John Japanese film[178]
1994 Gene Autry, Melody of the West Narrator Documentary film; voice acting role
2003 The Hunted Narrator Voice acting role
2014 The Winding Stream Interview subject Documentary film; archive footage

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1959 Shotgun Slade Sheriff Episode: "The Stalkers"
1959 Wagon Train Frank Hoag Episode: "The C.L. Harding Story
1960 The Rebel Pratt Episode: "The Death of Gray"
1961 The Deputy Bo Braddock Episode: "The Deathly Quiet"
1969–1971 The Johnny Cash Show Himself – host and performer 58 episodes
1970 NET Playhouse John Ross Episode: "Trail of Tears"
1970 The Partridge Family Variety Show Host Episode: "What? Get Out of Show Business?"
1973–1992 Sesame Street Himself 4 episodes
1974–1988 Hee Haw Himself 4 episodes
1974 Columbo Tommy Brown Episode: "Swan Song"
1974 Johnny Cash Ridin' the Rails—The Great American Train Story Himself
1976 Johnny Cash and Friends Himself 4 episodes
1976 Little House on the Prairie Caleb Hodgekiss Episode: "The Collection"
1976–1985 Johnny Cash specials (various titles) Himself 15 specials
1978 Thaddeus Rose and Eddie Thaddeus Rose Television film
1978 Steve Martin: A Wild and Crazy Guy Himself Television special[179]
1980 The Muppet Show Himself Episode: "#5.21"
1981 The Pride of Jesse Hallam Jesse Hallam Television film
1982 Saturday Night Live Himself Episode: "Johnny Cash/Elton John"
1983 Murder in Coweta County Lamarr Potts Television film; also producer
1984 The Baron and the Kid The Baron
Will 		Television film
1985 North and South John Brown 6 episodes
1986 The Last Days of Frank and Jesse James Frank James Television film
1986 Stagecoach Curly Wilcox Television film
1988 The Magical World of Disney Elder Davy Crockett Episode: "Rainbow in the Thunder"
1993–1997 Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman Kid Cole 4 episodes
1996 Renegade Henry Travis Episode: "The Road Not Taken"
1997 The Simpsons Space Coyote Episode: "El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)"; voice acting role
1998 All My Friends Are Cowboys Himself Television special
2014 Johnny Cash: The Man, His World, His Music Himself Television film; BBC Bio Documentary by Robert Elfstrom;[180] archive footage

Published works

  • Man in Black: His Own Story in His Own Words, Zondervan, 1975; ISBN 99924-31-58-X
  • Man in White, a novel about the Apostle Paul, HarperCollins, 1986; ISBN 0-06-250132-1
  • Cash: The Autobiography, with Patrick Carr, HarperCollins, 1997; ISBN 978-0-06-101357-7[181]
  • Johnny Cash Reads the New Testament, Thomas Nelson, 2011; ISBN 978-1-4185-4883-4[182]
  • Recollections by Johnny Cash, edited by daughter Tara, 2014; ISBN 978-0-930677-03-9
  • The Man Who Carried Cash: Saul Holiff, Johnny Cash, and the Making of an American Icon by Julie Chadwick, Dundurn Press, 2017; ISBN 978-1-459737-23-5

Notes

  1. ^ Although Cash's voice type endured over the years, his timbre changed noticeably. Pareles writes: "Through a recording career that stretches back to 1955, Cash's bass-baritone voice has gone from gravelly to grave."[4]
  2. ^ For Cash, black stage attire was a "symbol of rebellion—against a stagnant status quo, against ... hypocritical houses of God, against people whose minds are closed to others' ideas".[10]
  3. ^ Schultz refers to this phrase as Cash's "trademark greeting," and places his utterance of this line, on Cash's At Folsom Prison album, "among the most electrifying [seconds] in the history of concert recording."[11]
  4. ^ When RCA Victor signed Presley, it had also bought his Sun Records masters, but when Cash departed for Columbia, Phillips retained the rights to the singer's Sun masters. Columbia eventually licensed some of these recordings for release on compilations after Cash's death.
  5. ^ Other appraisals of Cash's iconic value have been even bolder.[127]
  6. ^ Urbanski[141] notes that Cash's habit of performing in black attire began in a church. In the following paragraph, he[142] quotes Cash[10] as indicating that this habit was partially reflective of Cash's rebellion "against our hypocritical houses of God.
  7. ^ According to Urbanski, Cash's self-perception was accurate: "He never intended to be categorized or pigeonholed", and indeed he amassed a "cluster of enigmas" which "was so impenetrably deep that even those closest to him never got to see every part of him".[143]

References

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  2. ^ a b c d Johnson, Howard (September 12, 2016). "A tribute to Johnny Cash, the ultimate rebel and rock star". Classic Rock Magazine.
  3. ^ "List of Outlaw Country Country Singers". Grizzly Rose. March 29, 2019. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c Pareles, Jon (September 16, 1994). "Pop Review; Johnny Cash, Austerely Direct From Deep Within". The New York Times. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  5. ^ Mulligan, J. (February 24, 2010), "Johnny Cash: American VI: Ain't No Grave", Entertainment.ie (album review), retrieved March 22, 2010
  6. ^ Urbanski 2003, p. xiv.
  7. ^ Dickie, M. (2002) [1987]. "Hard talk from the God-fearin', pro-metal man in Black". In Streissguth, M. (ed.). Ring of fire: The Johnny Cash reader. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo. pp. 201–205. ISBN 9780306811227.
  8. ^ a b c Streissguth, M. (2006). Johnny Cash: a biography. Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo. p. 196. ISBN 9780306813689.
  9. ^ Fox, JA (October 17, 2005), , The Boston Herald, Baylor University, archived from the original on September 20, 2006, retrieved March 22, 2010
  10. ^ a b c Cash, Johnny; Carr, Patrick (2003). Cash: The Autobiography. Harper Collins. p. 64. ISBN 0060727535. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  11. ^ Schultz, B. (July 1, 2000), , Mix, archived from the original on January 2, 2010, retrieved March 22, 2010
  12. ^ For discussion of, and lyrics to, Cash's songs, see Cusic, D., ed. (2004), Johnny Cash: The songs, New York, NY: Thunder's Mouth, ISBN 9781560256298[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ Holden, Stephen (September 13, 2003), "Johnny Cash, Country Music Bedrock, Dies at 71", The New York Times, retrieved February 25, 2013
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  23. ^ Stated on Finding Your Roots, February 23, 2021
  24. ^ a b Miller 2003, p. 11.
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  26. ^ Cash, Johnny; Carr, Patrick (2003). Cash: The Autobiography. Harper Collins. p. 3. ISBN 0-06-072753-5. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
  27. ^ Cash, William (October 24, 2019). "Me and my cousin Johnny, by William Cash". Thetimes.co.uk.
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  29. ^ a b Bowden, Bill (May 5, 2018). "National Register accepts Johnny Cash boyhood home in Arkansas". ArkansasOnline. Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. from the original on May 5, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
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  33. ^ Gross, Terry (2004). All I Did Was Ask: Conversations with Writers, Actors Musicians, and Artists (Hardcover ed.). Hachette Books. p. 31.
  34. ^ "Johnny Cash: The 'Fresh Air' Interview". NPR. November 24, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2019. And I'd sing Dennis Day songs like. ...Yeah, songs that he sang on the Jack Benny show. Every week, he sang an old Irish folk song. And next day in the fields, I'd be singing that song if I was working in the fields.
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  36. ^ Johnny Cash: The Biography (p. 42)
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  38. ^ Kemp, Sam (March 9, 2022). "How did Johnny Cash become the first American to learn of Joseph Stalin's death?". Far Out Magazine. Far Out Magazine. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
  39. ^ Malone, William; McCulloh, Judith (1975), Stars of Country Music, Chicago, IL
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Bibliography

  • Clapp, R (2008), Johnny Cash and the great American contradiction: Christianity and the battle for the soul of a nation, Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, ISBN 978-0-664-23657-1.
  • Gross, Terry (2004). All I Did Was Ask: Conversations with Writers, Actors, Musicians, and Artists (hardcover ed.). Hachette.
  • Miller, Stephen (2003), Johnny Cash: The Life of an American Icon, Omnibus, ISBN 978-0-7119-9626-7.
  • Streissguth, Michael (2004). Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison: The Making of a Masterpiece (hardcover ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81338-2..
  • Streissguth, Michael (2005) [2004]. Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison: The Making of a Masterpiece (paprback ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81453-2..
  • Turner, Stephen (2004), The Man Called Cash: The Life, Love, and Faith of an American Legend, Nashville, TN: W Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8499-1820-9.
  • Urbanski, David (2003), The Man Comes Around: The Spiritual Journey of Johnny Cash, New York, NY: Relevant Books, ISBN 978-0-9729276-7-3.

Further reading

  • Antonio D'Ambrosio, A Heartbeat and a Guitar: Johnny Cash and the Making of Bitter Tears, New York/New York, Perseus Books/Nation Books, 2009, ISBN 978-1-56858-637-3 (pb)
  • Robert Hilburn, Johnny Cash: The Life, Back Bay Books, New York: Little Brown and Company, 2013, ISBN 978-0-316-19474-7 (pb)
  • Jonathan Silverman, Nine Choices: Johnny Cash and American Culture, Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 2010, ISBN 1-55849-826-5
  • Graeme Thomson, The Resurrection of Johnny Cash: Hurt, Redemption, and American Recordings, Jawbone Press, ISBN 978-1-906002-36-7
  • Christopher S. Wren, Johnny Cash: Winners Got Scars, Too, Abacus Editions, ISBN 0-349-13740-4

External links

  • Official website  
  • Sony Music's Johnny Cash website
  • . Hit Parade Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on January 6, 2008..
  • Johnny Cash at AllMusic
  • Johnny Cash at IMDb
  • Johnny Cash profile at martinguitar.com

April 10, 2023
johnny, cash, this, article, about, singer, other, uses, disambiguation, john, cash, redirects, here, album, john, cash, album, john, cash, born, cash, february, 1932, september, 2003, american, country, singer, songwriter, most, cash, music, contained, themes. This article is about the singer For other uses see Johnny Cash disambiguation John R Cash redirects here For the album see John R Cash album John R Cash born J R Cash February 26 1932 September 12 2003 was an American country singer songwriter Most of Cash s music contained themes of sorrow moral tribulation and redemption especially in the later stages of his career 4 5 He was known for his deep calm bass baritone voice a 6 the distinctive sound of his Tennessee Three backing band characterized by train like chugging guitar rhythms a rebelliousness 7 8 coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor 4 free prison concerts 9 and a trademark all black stage wardrobe which earned him the nickname the Man in Black b Johnny CashCash in 1977BornJ R Cash 1932 02 26 February 26 1932Kingsland Arkansas U S DiedSeptember 12 2003 2003 09 12 aged 71 Nashville Tennessee U S Resting placeHendersonville Memory GardensOther namesThe Man in BlackOccupationsSingersongwritermusicianactorYears active1954 2003Spouse s Vivian Liberto m 1954 div 1966 wbr June Carter m 1968 died 2003 wbr Children5 including Rosanne Cindy and JohnRelativesTommy Cash brother Military careerAllegianceUnited StatesService wbr branchUnited States Air ForceYears of service1950 1954RankStaff sergeantMusical careerGenresCountry 1 rockabilly 1 rock and roll 2 folk 2 blues 2 gospel 2 outlaw country 3 Instrument s VocalsguitarLabelsSunColumbiaMercuryAmericanHouse of CashLegacyFormerly ofThe HighwaymenWebsitejohnnycash wbr comBorn to poor cotton farmers in Kingsland Arkansas Cash rose to fame during the mid 1950s in the burgeoning rockabilly scene in Memphis Tennessee after serving four years in the Air Force He traditionally began his concerts by simply introducing himself Hello I m Johnny Cash c followed by Folsom Prison Blues one of his signature songs His other signature songs include I Walk the Line Ring of Fire Get Rhythm and Man in Black He also recorded humorous numbers like One Piece at a Time and A Boy Named Sue a duet with his future wife June called Jackson followed by many further duets after their wedding and railroad songs such as Hey Porter Orange Blossom Special and Rock Island Line 12 During the last stage of his career he covered songs by contemporary rock artists among his most notable covers were Hurt by Nine Inch Nails Rusty Cage by Soundgarden and Personal Jesus by Depeche Mode Cash is one of the best selling music artists of all time having sold more than 90 million records worldwide 13 14 His genre spanning music embraced country rock and roll rockabilly blues folk and gospel sounds This crossover appeal earned him the rare honor of being inducted into the Country Music Rock and Roll and Gospel Music Halls of Fame His music career was dramatized in the 2005 biopic Walk the Line in which Cash was portrayed by American film actor Joaquin Phoenix Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2 1 Early career 2 2 Outlaw image 2 3 Folsom and other prison concerts 2 4 Activism for Native Americans 2 5 The Johnny Cash Show 2 6 The Man in Black 2 7 Highwaymen and departure from Columbia Records 2 8 American Recordings 3 Later years and death 4 Personal life 5 Religious beliefs 6 Legacy 6 1 Portrayals 7 Awards and honors 8 Discography 9 Filmography 9 1 Film 9 2 Television 10 Published works 11 Notes 12 References 12 1 Bibliography 13 Further reading 14 External linksEarly life Cash s boyhood home in Dyess Arkansas where he lived from the age of three in 1935 until he finished high school in 1950 the property pictured here in 2021 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places The home was renovated in 2011 to look as it did when Cash was a child Cash was born J R Cash in Kingsland Arkansas on February 26 1932 15 16 to Carrie Cloveree nee Rivers and Ray Cash He had three older siblings Roy Margaret Louise and Jack and three younger siblings Reba Joanne and Tommy who also became a successful country artist 17 18 He was primarily of English and Scottish descent 19 20 21 His paternal grandmother also claimed Cherokee ancestry though a DNA test of Cash s daughter Rosanne found she has no known Native American markers 22 23 He traced his Scottish surname to 11th century Fife after meeting with the then laird of Falkland Major Michael Crichton Stuart 24 25 26 Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the name of his family 24 He is a distant cousin of British Conservative politician Sir William Cash 27 His mother wanted to name him John and his father preferred to name him Ray so J R ended up being the only compromise they could agree on 28 When Cash enlisted in the Air Force he was not permitted to use initials as a first name so he changed it to John R Cash In 1955 when signing with Sun Records he started using the name Johnny Cash 8 In March 1935 when Cash was three years old the family settled in Dyess Arkansas a New Deal colony established to give poor families the opportunity to work land that they may later own 29 From the age of five he worked in cotton fields with his family singing with them as they worked The Cash farm in Dyess experienced a flood which led Cash later to write the song Five Feet High and Rising 30 His family s economic and personal struggles during the Great Depression gave him a lifelong sympathy for the poor and working class and inspired many of his songs In 1944 31 Cash s older brother Jack with whom he was close was cut almost in two by an unguarded table saw at work and died a week later 32 According to Cash s autobiography he his mother and Jack all had a sense of foreboding about that day his mother urged Jack to skip work and go fishing with Cash but Jack insisted on working as the family needed the money Cash often spoke of the guilt he felt over the incident and spoke of looking forward to meeting his brother in Heaven 8 Cash s early memories were dominated by gospel music and radio Taught guitar by his mother and a childhood friend Cash began playing and writing songs at the age of 12 When young Cash had a high tenor voice before becoming a bass baritone after his voice changed 33 In high school he sang on a local radio station Decades later he released an album of traditional gospel songs called My Mother s Hymn Book He was also significantly influenced by traditional Irish music which he heard performed weekly by Dennis Day on the Jack Benny radio program 34 Cash enlisted in the Air Force on July 7 1950 35 After basic training at Lackland Air Force Base and technical training at Brooks Air Force Base both in San Antonio Texas Cash was assigned to the 12th Radio Squadron Mobile of the U S Air Force Security Service at Landsberg West Germany He worked as a Morse code operator intercepting Soviet Army transmissions While working this job Cash was allegedly the first American to be given the news of Joseph Stalin s death supplied via Morse code His daughter Rosanne backed up the claim saying that Cash had recounted the story many times over the years 36 37 38 While at Landsberg he created his first band The Landsberg Barbarians 39 On July 3 1954 he was honorably discharged as a staff sergeant and he returned to Texas 40 During his military service he acquired a distinctive scar on the right side of his jaw as a result of surgery to remove a cyst 41 42 CareerEarly career Publicity photo for Sun Records 1955 In 1954 Cash and his first wife Vivian moved to Memphis Tennessee where he had sold appliances while studying to be a radio announcer At night he played with guitarist Luther Perkins and bassist Marshall Grant Perkins and Grant were known as the Tennessee Two Cash worked up the courage to visit the Sun Records studio hoping to get a recording contract 43 He auditioned for Sam Phillips by singing mostly gospel songs only to learn from the producer that he no longer recorded gospel music Phillips was rumored to have told Cash to go home and sin then come back with a song I can sell although in a 2002 interview Cash denied that Phillips made any such comment 44 Cash eventually won over the producer with new songs delivered in his early rockabilly style In 1955 Cash made his first recordings at Sun Hey Porter and Cry Cry Cry which were released in late June and met with success on the country hit parade On December 4 1956 Elvis Presley dropped in on Phillips while Carl Perkins was in the studio cutting new tracks with Jerry Lee Lewis backing him on piano Cash was also in the studio and the four started an impromptu jam session Phillips left the tapes running and the recordings almost half of which were gospel songs survived They have since been released under the title Million Dollar Quartet In Cash the Autobiography Cash wrote that he was the farthest from the microphone and sang in a higher pitch to blend in with Elvis Cash s next record Folsom Prison Blues made the country top five His I Walk the Line became number one on the country charts and entered the pop charts top 20 Home of the Blues followed recorded in July 1957 That same year Cash became the first Sun artist to release a long playing album Although he was Sun s most consistently selling and prolific artist at that time Cash felt constrained by his contract with the small label Phillips did not want Cash to record gospel and was paying him a 3 royalty rather than the standard rate of 5 Presley had already left Sun and Phillips was focusing most of his attention and promotion on Lewis In 1958 Cash left Phillips to sign a lucrative offer with Columbia Records His single Don t Take Your Guns to Town became one of his biggest hits and he recorded a collection of gospel songs for his second album for Columbia However Cash left behind a sufficient backlog of recordings with Sun that Phillips continued to release new singles and albums featuring previously unreleased material until as late as 1964 Cash was in the unusual position of having new releases out on two labels concurrently Sun s 1960 release a cover of Oh Lonesome Me made it to number 13 on the C amp W charts d The Tennessee Three with Cash in 1963 Early in his career Cash was given the teasing nickname the Undertaker by fellow artists because of his habit of wearing black clothes He said he chose them because they were easier to keep looking clean on long tours 45 In the early 1960s Cash toured with the Carter Family which by this time regularly included Mother Maybelle s daughters Anita June and Helen June later recalled admiring him from afar during these tours In the 1960s he appeared on Pete Seeger s short lived television series Rainbow Quest 46 He also acted in and wrote and sang the opening theme for a 1961 film entitled Five Minutes to Live later re released as Door to door Maniac Cash s career was handled by Saul Holiff a London Ontario promoter Their relationship was the subject of Saul s son s biopic My Father and the Man in Black 47 Outlaw image As his career was taking off in the late 1950s Cash started drinking heavily and became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates For a brief time he shared an apartment in Nashville with Waylon Jennings who was deeply addicted to amphetamines Cash would use the stimulants to stay awake during tours Friends joked about his nervousness and erratic behavior many ignoring the warning signs of his worsening drug addiction Although he was in many ways spiraling out of control Cash could still deliver hits due to his frenetic creativity His rendition of Ring of Fire was a crossover hit reaching number one on the country charts and entering the top 20 on the pop charts It was originally performed by June s sister but the signature mariachi style horn arrangement was provided by Cash 48 He said that it had come to him in a dream Vivian Liberto claimed a different version of the origins of Ring of Fire In her book I Walked the Line My Life with Johnny Liberto says that Cash gave Carter half the songwriting credit for monetary reasons 49 In June 1965 Cash s camper caught fire during a fishing trip with his nephew Damon Fielder in Los Padres National Forest in California triggering a forest fire that burned several hundred acres and nearly caused his death 50 51 Cash claimed that the fire was caused by sparks from a defective exhaust system on his camper but Fielder thinks that Cash started a fire to stay warm and in his drugged condition failed to notice the fire getting out of control 52 When the judge asked Cash why he did it Cash said I didn t do it my truck did and it s dead so you can t question it 53 The fire destroyed 508 acres 206 ha burned the foliage off three mountains and drove off 49 of the refuge s 53 endangered California condors 54 Cash was unrepentant and claimed I don t care about your damn yellow buzzards 55 The federal government sued him and was awarded 125 172 Cash eventually settled the case and paid 82 001 56 Although Cash cultivated a romantic outlaw image he never served a prison sentence Despite landing in jail seven times for misdemeanors he stayed only one night on each stay On May 11 1965 he was arrested in Starkville Mississippi for trespassing late at night onto private property to pick flowers He used this to write the song Starkville City Jail which he discussed on his live At San Quentin album 57 While on tour that year he was arrested October 4 in El Paso Texas by a narcotics squad The officers suspected he was smuggling heroin from Mexico but found instead 688 Dexedrine capsules amphetamines and 475 Equanil sedatives or tranquilizers tablets hidden inside his guitar case Because the pills were prescription drugs rather than illegal narcotics Cash received a suspended sentence He posted a 1 500 bond and was released until his arraignment 58 In this period of the mid 1960s Cash released a number of concept albums His Bitter Tears 1964 was devoted to spoken word and songs addressing the plight of Native Americans and mistreatment by the government While initially reaching charts this album met with resistance from some fans and radio stations which rejected its controversial take on social issues In 2011 a book was published about it leading to a re recording of the songs by contemporary artists and the making of a documentary film about Cash s efforts with the album This film was aired on PBS in February and November 2016 His Sings the Ballads of the True West 1965 was an experimental double record mixing authentic frontier songs with Cash s spoken narration Reaching a low with his severe drug addiction and destructive behavior Cash was divorced from his first wife and had performances cancelled but he continued to find success In 1967 Cash s duet with June Carter Jackson won a Grammy Award 59 Cash was last arrested in 1967 in Walker County Georgia after police found he was carrying a bag of prescription pills and was in a car accident Cash attempted to bribe a local deputy who turned the money down He was jailed for the night in LaFayette Georgia Sheriff Ralph Jones released him after giving him a long talk warning him about the danger of his behavior and wasted potential Cash credited that experience with helping him turn around and save his life He later returned to LaFayette to play a benefit concert it attracted 12 000 people the city population was less than 9 000 at the time and raised 75 000 for the high school 60 Reflecting on his past in a 1997 interview Cash noted I was taking the pills for awhile and then the pills started taking me 61 June Maybelle and Ezra Carter moved into Cash s mansion for a month to help him get off drugs Cash proposed onstage to June on February 22 1968 at a concert at the London Gardens in London Ontario Canada The couple married a week later on March 1 in Franklin Kentucky She had agreed to marry Cash after he had cleaned up 62 Cash s journey included rediscovery of his Christian faith He took an altar call in Evangel Temple a small church in the Nashville area pastored by Reverend Jimmie Rodgers Snow son of country music legend Hank Snow According to Marshall Grant though Cash did not completely stop using amphetamines in 1968 Cash did not end all drug use until 1970 staying drug free for a period of seven years Grant claims that the birth of Cash s son John Carter Cash inspired Cash to end his dependence 63 Cash began using amphetamines again in 1977 By 1983 he was deeply addicted again and became a patient at the Betty Ford Clinic in Rancho Mirage for treatment He stayed off drugs for several years but relapsed By 1989 he was dependent and entered Nashville s Cumberland Heights Alcohol and Drug Treatment Center In 1992 he started care at the Loma Linda Behavioral Medicine Center in Loma Linda California for his final rehabilitation treatment Several months later his son followed him into this facility for treatment 64 65 Folsom and other prison concerts Cash began performing concerts at prisons in the late 1950s He played his first famous prison concert on January 1 1958 at San Quentin State Prison 66 These performances led to a pair of highly successful live albums Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison 1968 and Johnny Cash at San Quentin 1969 Both live albums reached number one on Billboard country album music and the latter crossed over to reach the top of the Billboard pop album chart In 1969 Cash became an international hit when he eclipsed even The Beatles by selling 6 5 million albums 67 In comparison the prison concerts were much more successful than his later live albums such as Strawberry Cake recorded in London and Live at Madison Square Garden which peaked at numbers 33 and 39 on the album charts respectively The Folsom Prison record was introduced by a rendition of his Folsom Prison Blues while the San Quentin record included the crossover hit single A Boy Named Sue a Shel Silverstein penned novelty song that reached number one on the country charts and number two on the U S top 10 pop charts Cash performed at the Osteraker Prison in Sweden in 1972 The live album Pa Osteraker At Osteraker was released in 1973 San Quentin was recorded with Cash replacing San Quentin with Osteraker In 1976 a concert at Tennessee State Prison was videotaped for TV broadcast and received a belated CD release after Cash s death as A Concert Behind Prison Walls Activism for Native Americans Cash used his stardom and economic status to bring awareness to the issues surrounding the Native American people 68 Cash sang songs about indigenous humanity in an effort to confront the U S government Many non Native Americans stayed away from singing about these things 69 In 1965 Cash and June Carter appeared on Pete Seeger s TV show Rainbow Quest on which Cash explained his start as an activist for Native Americans In 57 I wrote a song called Old Apache Squaw and then forgot the so called Indian protest for a while but nobody else seemed to speak up with any volume of voice 70 Columbia Music the label for which Cash was recording then was opposed to putting the song on his next album considering it too radical for the public 71 Cash singing songs of Indian tragedy and settler violence went radically against the mainstream of country music in the 1950s which was dominated by the image of the righteous cowboy who simply makes the native s soil his own 72 In 1964 coming off the chart success of his previous album I Walk the Line he recorded the aforementioned album Bitter Tears Ballads of the American Indian We re Still Here Johnny Cash s Bitter Tears Revisited a documentary by Antonino D Ambrosio author of A Heartland and a Guitar Johnny Cash and the Making of Bitter Tears tells the story of Johnny Cash s controversial concept album Bitter Tears Ballads of the American Indian covering the struggles of Native Americans The film s DVD was released on August 21 2018 73 The album featured stories of a multitude of Indigenous peoples mostly of their violent oppression by white settlers the Pima The Ballad of Ira Hayes Navajo Navajo Apache Apache Tears Lakota Big Foot Seneca As Long as the Grass Shall Grow and Cherokee Talking Leaves Cash wrote three of the songs himself and one with the help of Johnny Horton but the majority of the protest songs were written by folk artist Peter La Farge son of activist and Pulitzer prizewinner Oliver La Farge whom Cash met in New York in the 1960s and whom he admired for his activism 74 The album s single The Ballad of Ira Hayes about Ira Hayes one of the six to raise the U S flag at Iwo Jima was neglected by nonpolitical radio at the time and the record label denied it any promotion due to its provocative protesting and unappealing nature Cash faced resistance and was even urged by an editor of a country music magazine to leave the Country Music Association You and your crowd are just too intelligent to associate with plain country folks country artists and country DJs 75 In reaction on August 22 1964 Cash posted a letter as an advertisement in Billboard calling the record industry cowardly D J s station managers owners where are your guts I had to fight back when I realized that so many stations are afraid of Ira Hayes Just one question WHY Ira Hayes is strong medicine So is Rochester Harlem Birmingham and Vietnam 76 77 Cash kept promoting the song himself and used his influence on radio disc jockeys he knew eventually to make the song climb to number three on the country charts while the album rose to number two on the album charts 75 Cash in 1969 Later on The Johnny Cash Show he continued telling stories of Native American plight both in song and through short films such as the history of the Trail of Tears 78 In 1966 in response to his activism Cash was adopted by the Seneca Nation s Turtle Clan 22 He performed benefits in 1968 at the Rosebud Reservation close to the historical landmark of the massacre at Wounded Knee to raise money to help build a school He also played at the D Q University in the 1980s 79 In 1970 Cash recorded a reading of John G Burnett s 1890 80th birthday essay 80 on Cherokee removal for the Historical Landmarks Association Nashville 81 The Johnny Cash Show From June 1969 to March 1971 Cash starred in his own television show The Johnny Cash Show on the ABC network 82 Produced by Screen Gems the show was performed at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville The Statler Brothers opened for him in every episode the Carter Family and rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part of the regular show entourage Cash also enjoyed booking mainstream performers as guests including Linda Ronstadt in her first TV appearance Neil Young Louis Armstrong Neil Diamond Kenny Rogers and The First Edition who appeared four times James Taylor Ray Charles Roger Miller Roy Orbison Derek and the Dominos Joni Mitchell and Bob Dylan 82 From September 15 18 1969 in Albuquerque New Mexico he performed a series of four concerts at the New Mexico State Fair to promote the first season of The Johnny Cash Show 83 84 These live shows were produced with help from ABC and local concert producer Bennie Sanchez during these sets Johnny Cash and Al Hurricane performed together 85 Also during The Johnny Cash Show era he contributed the title song and other songs to the film Little Fauss and Big Halsy which starred Robert Redford Michael J Pollard and Lauren Hutton 86 The title song The Ballad of Little Fauss and Big Halsy written by Carl Perkins was nominated for a Golden Globe award in 1971 87 Cash had first met with Dylan in the mid 1960s and became neighbors in the late 1960s in Woodstock New York Cash was enthusiastic about reintroducing the reclusive Dylan to his audience Cash sang a duet with Dylan Girl from the North Country on Dylan s country album Nashville Skyline and also wrote the album s Grammy winning liner notes Another artist who received a major career boost from The Johnny Cash Show was Kris Kristofferson who was beginning to make a name for himself as a singer songwriter During a live performance of Kristofferson s Sunday Mornin Comin Down Cash refused to change the lyrics to suit network executives singing the song with its references to marijuana intact On a Sunday morning sidewalk I m wishin Lord that I was stoned 88 The closing program of The Johnny Cash Show was a gospel music special Guests included the Blackwood Brothers Mahalia Jackson Stuart Hamblen and Billy Graham 89 The Man in Black Cash advocated prison reform at his July 1972 meeting with President Richard Nixon By the early 1970s Cash had established his public image as the Man in Black He regularly performed in entirely black suits with a long black knee length coat This outfit stood in contrast to the rhinestone suits and cowboy boots worn by most of the major country acts of his day Cash performing in Bremen West Germany in September 1972 Cash said he wore all black on behalf of the poor and hungry the prisoner who has long paid for his crime and those who have been betrayed by age or drugs 90 He added With the Vietnam War as painful in my mind as it was in most other Americans I wore it in mourning for the lives that could have been Apart from the Vietnam War being over I don t see much reason to change my position The old are still neglected the poor are still poor the young are still dying before their time and we re not making many moves to make things right There s still plenty of darkness to carry off 90 Cash in the one piece at a time Cadillac Initially he and his band had worn black shirts because that was the only matching color they had among their various outfits He wore other colors on stage early in his career but he claimed to like wearing black both on and off stage He stated that political reasons aside he simply liked black as his on stage color 10 The outdated US Navy s winter blue uniform used to be referred to by sailors as Johnny Cashes as the uniform s shirt tie and trousers are solid black 91 In the mid 1970s Cash s popularity and number of hit songs began to decline He made commercials for Amoco and STP an unpopular enterprise at the time of the 1970s energy crisis In 1976 he made commercials for Lionel Trains for which he also wrote the music 92 However his first autobiography Man in Black was published in 1975 and sold 1 3 million copies A second Cash The Autobiography appeared in 1997 Cash s friendship with Billy Graham 93 led to his production of a film about the life of Jesus Gospel Road A Story of Jesus which Cash co wrote and narrated It was released in 1973 Cash viewed the film as a statement of his personal faith rather than a means of proselytizing 94 Cash and June Carter Cash appeared several times on the Billy Graham Crusade TV specials and Cash continued to include gospel and religious songs on many of his albums though Columbia declined to release A Believer Sings the Truth a gospel double LP Cash recorded in 1979 and which ended up being released on an independent label even with Cash still under contract to Columbia On November 22 1974 CBS ran his one hour TV special entitledRiding The Rails a musical history of trains He continued to appear on television hosting Christmas specials on CBS in the late 1970s and early 1980s Later television appearances included a starring role in an episode of Columbo entitled Swan Song June and he appeared in an episode of Little House on the Prairie entitled The Collection He gave a performance as abolitionist John Brown in the 1985 American Civil War television miniseries North and South In the 1990s Johnny and June appeared in Dr Quinn Medicine Woman in recurring roles He was friendly with every US president starting with Richard Nixon He was closest to Jimmy Carter with whom he became close friends and who was a distant cousin of his wife June 95 When invited to perform at the White House for the first time in 1970 96 Richard Nixon s office requested that he play Okie from Muskogee a satirical Merle Haggard song about people who despised hippies young drug users and Vietnam war protesters Welfare Cadillac a Guy Drake song which chastises the integrity of welfare recipients and A Boy Named Sue Cash declined to play the first two and instead selected other songs including The Ballad of Ira Hayes and his own compositions What Is Truth and Man in Black Cash wrote that the reasons for denying Nixon s song choices were not knowing them and having fairly short notice to rehearse them rather than any political reason 97 However Cash added even if Nixon s office had given Cash enough time to learn and rehearse the songs their choice of pieces that conveyed antihippie and antiblack sentiments might have backfired 98 In his remarks when introducing Cash Nixon joked that one thing he had learned about him was one did not tell him what to sing 99 Johnny Cash was the grand marshal of the United States Bicentennial parade 100 He wore a shirt from Nudie Cohn which sold for 25 000 in auction in 2010 101 After the parade he gave a concert at the Washington monument 102 Highwaymen and departure from Columbia Records The Highwaymen members Kris Kristofferson Johnny Cash Waylon Jennings Willie Nelson In 1980 Cash became the Country Music Hall of Fame s youngest living inductee at age 48 but during the 1980s his records failed to make a major impact on the country charts although he continued to tour successfully In the mid 1980s he recorded and toured with Waylon Jennings Willie Nelson and Kris Kristofferson as The Highwaymen making three hit albums which were released beginning with the originally titled Highwayman in 1985 followed by Highwaymen 2 in 1990 and concluding with Highwaymen The Road Goes On Forever in 1995 During that period Cash appeared in a number of television films In 1981 he starred in The Pride of Jesse Hallam winning fine reviews for a film that called attention to adult illiteracy In 1983 he appeared as a heroic sheriff in Murder in Coweta County based on a real life Georgia murder case which co starred Andy Griffith as his nemesis Cash relapsed into addiction after being administered painkillers for a serious abdominal injury in 1983 caused by an incident in which he was kicked and wounded by an ostrich on his farm 103 At a hospital visit in 1988 this time to watch over Waylon Jennings who was recovering from a heart attack Jennings suggested that Cash have himself checked into the hospital for his own heart condition Doctors recommended preventive heart surgery and Cash underwent double bypass surgery in the same hospital Both recovered although Cash refused to use any prescription painkillers fearing a relapse into dependency Cash later claimed that during his operation he had what is called a near death experience In 1984 Cash released a self parody recording titled The Chicken in Black about Cash s brain being transplanted into a chicken and Cash receiving a bank robber s brain in return Biographer Robert Hilburn in his 2013 book Johnny Cash The Life disputes the claim made that Cash chose to record an intentionally poor song in protest of Columbia s treatment of him On the contrary Hilburn writes it was Columbia that presented Cash with the song which Cash who had previously scored major chart hits with comedic material such as A Boy Named Sue and One Piece at a Time accepted enthusiastically performing the song live on stage and filming a comedic music video in which he dresses up in a superhero like bank robber costume According to Hilburn Cash s enthusiasm for the song waned after Waylon Jennings told Cash he looked like a buffoon in the music video which was showcased during Cash s 1984 Christmas TV special and Cash subsequently demanded that Columbia withdraw the music video from broadcast and recall the single from stores interrupting its bona fide chart success and termed the venture a fiasco 104 Between 1981 and 1984 he recorded several sessions with famed countrypolitan producer Billy Sherrill who also produced The Chicken in Black which were shelved they would be released by Columbia s sister label Legacy Recordings in 2014 as Out Among the Stars 105 Around this time Cash also recorded an album of gospel recordings that ended up being released by another label around the time of his departure from Columbia this due to Columbia closing down its Priority Records division that was to have released the recordings After more unsuccessful recordings were released between 1984 and 1985 Cash left Columbia In 1986 Cash returned to Sun Studios in Memphis to team up with Roy Orbison Jerry Lee Lewis and Carl Perkins to create the album Class of 55 according to Hilburn Columbia still had Cash under contract at the time so special arrangements had to be made to allow him to participate 106 Also in 1986 Cash published his only novel Man in White a book about Saul and his conversion to become the Apostle Paul He recorded Johnny Cash Reads The Complete New Testament in 1990 American Recordings Johnny Cash sings with a Navy lieutenant during a military event c January 1987 After Columbia Records dropped Cash from his recording contract he had a short and unsuccessful stint with Mercury Records from 1987 to 1991 During this time he recorded an album of new versions of some of his best known Sun and Columbia hits as well as Water from the Wells of Home a duets album that paired him with among others his children Rosanne Cash and John Carter Cash as well as Paul McCartney A one off Christmas album recorded for Delta Records followed his Mercury contract Though Cash would never have another chart hit from 1991 until his death his career was rejuvenated in the 1990s leading to popularity with an audience which was not traditionally considered interested in country music In 1988 British post punk musicians Marc Riley formerly of the Fall and Jon Langford the Mekons put together Til Things Are Brighter a tribute album featuring mostly British based indie rock acts interpretations of Cash s songs Cash was enthusiastic about the project telling Langford that it was a morale booster Rosanne Cash later said he felt a real connection with those musicians and very validated It was very good for him he was in his element He absolutely understood what they were tapping into and loved it The album attracted press attention on both sides of the Atlantic 107 In 1991 he sang a version of Man in Black for the Christian punk band One Bad Pig s album I Scream Sunday In 1993 he sang The Wanderer the closing track of U2 s album Zooropa According to Rolling Stone writer Adam Gold The Wanderer written for Cash by Bono defies both the U2 and Cash canons combining rhythmic and textural elements of Nineties synth pop with a Countrypolitan lament fit for the closing credits of a Seventies western 108 No longer sought after by major labels he was offered a contract with producer Rick Rubin s American Recordings label which had recently been rebranded from Def American under which name it was better known for rap and hard rock Under Rubin s supervision he recorded American Recordings 1994 in his living room accompanied only by his Martin Dreadnought guitar one of many Cash played throughout his career 109 The album featured covers of contemporary artists selected by Rubin The album had a great deal of critical and commercial success winning a Grammy for Best Contemporary Folk Album Cash wrote that his reception at the 1994 Glastonbury Festival was one of the highlights of his career This was the beginning of a decade of music industry accolades and commercial success He teamed up with Brooks amp Dunn to contribute Folsom Prison Blues to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot Country produced by the Red Hot Organization On the same album he performed Bob Dylan s Forever Young citation needed Cash and his wife appeared on a number of episodes of the television series Dr Quinn Medicine Woman He also lent his voice for a cameo role in The Simpsons episode El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer The Mysterious Voyage of Homer as the Space Coyote that guides Homer Simpson on a spiritual quest Cash was joined by guitarist Kim Thayil of Soundgarden bassist Krist Novoselic of Nirvana and drummer Sean Kinney of Alice in Chains for a cover of Willie Nelson s Time of the Preacher featured on the tribute album Twisted Willie released in January 1996 110 In 1996 Cash collaborated with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers on Unchained also known as American Recordings II which won the Best Country Album Grammy in 1998 The album was produced by Rick Rubin with Sylvia Massy engineering and mixing A majority of Unchained was recorded at Sound City Studios and featured guest appearances by Lindsey Buckingham Mick Fleetwood and Marty Stuart Believing he did not explain enough of himself in his 1975 autobiography Man in Black he wrote Cash The Autobiography in 1997 Later years and death Cash with President George W Bush and First Lady Laura Bush in 2002 In 1997 during a trip to New York City Cash was diagnosed with the neurodegenerative disease Shy Drager syndrome a form of multiple system atrophy 111 According to biographer Robert Hilburn the disease was originally misdiagnosed as Parkinson s disease and Cash even announced to his audience that he had Parkinson s after nearly collapsing on stage in Flint Michigan on October 25 1997 Soon afterwards his diagnosis was changed to Shy Drager and Cash was told he had about 18 months to live 112 The diagnosis was later again altered to autonomic neuropathy associated with diabetes The illness forced Cash to curtail his touring He was hospitalized in 1998 with severe pneumonia which damaged his lungs During the last stage of his career Cash released the albums American III Solitary Man 2000 and American IV The Man Comes Around 2002 American IV included cover songs by several late 20th century rock artists notably Hurt by Nine Inch Nails and Personal Jesus by Depeche Mode 113 Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails commented that he was initially skeptical about Cash s plan to cover Hurt but was later impressed and moved by the rendition 114 The video for Hurt received critical and popular acclaim including a Grammy Award 115 116 June Carter Cash died on May 15 2003 aged 73 117 June had told Cash to keep working so he continued to record completing 60 songs in the last four months of his life He even performed surprise shows at the Carter Family Fold outside Bristol Virginia At the July 5 2003 concert his last public performance before singing Ring of Fire Cash read a statement that he had written shortly before taking the stage The spirit of June Carter overshadows me tonight with the love she had for me and the love I have for her We connect somewhere between here and Heaven She came down for a short visit I guess from Heaven to visit with me tonight to give me courage and inspiration like she always has She s never been one for me except courage and inspiration I thank God for June Carter I love her with all my heart Cash continued to record until shortly before his death When June died it tore him up Rick Rubin recalled He said to me You have to keep me working because I will die if I don t have something to do He was in a wheelchair by then and we set him up at his home in Virginia I couldn t listen to those recordings for two years after he died and it was heartbreaking when we did 118 Cash s final recordings were made on August 21 2003 and consisted of Like the 309 which appeared on American V A Hundred Highways in 2006 and the final song he completed Engine 143 recorded for his son John Carter Cash s planned Carter Family tribute album 119 Cash s grave located at Hendersonville Memory Gardens in Hendersonville Tennessee While being hospitalized at Baptist Hospital in Nashville Cash died of complications from diabetes at around 2 00 am Central Time on September 12 2003 aged 71 less than four months after his wife He was buried next to her at Hendersonville Memory Gardens near his home in Hendersonville Tennessee Personal life Cash and his second wife June Carter in 1969 On July 18 1951 while in Air Force basic training Cash met 17 year old Italian American Vivian Liberto at a roller skating rink in San Antonio Texas 120 They dated for three weeks until Cash was deployed to West Germany for a three year tour During that time the couple exchanged hundreds of love letters 121 On August 7 1954 one month after his discharge they were married at St Ann s Roman Catholic Church in San Antonio They had four daughters Rosanne Kathy Cindy and Tara In 1961 Cash moved his family to a hilltop home overlooking Casitas Springs California He had previously moved his parents to the area to run a small trailer park called the Johnny Cash Trailer Park His drinking led to several run ins with local law enforcement Liberto later said that she had filed for divorce in 1966 because of Cash s severe drug and alcohol abuse as well as his constant touring his repeated acts of adultery with other women and his close relationship with singer June Carter Their four daughters were then raised by their mother Cash met June of the famed Carter Family while on tour and the two became infatuated with each other In 1968 thirteen years after they first met backstage at the Grand Ole Opry Cash proposed to June during a live performance in London Ontario 122 The couple married on March 1 1968 in Franklin Kentucky They had one child together John Carter Cash born March 3 1970 He was the only son for both Johnny and June In addition to having his four daughters and John Carter Cash also became stepfather to Carlene and Rosie June s daughters from her first two marriages to respectively honky tonk singer Carl Smith and former police officer football player and race car driver Edwin Rip Nix Cash and Carter continued to work raise their child create music and tour together for 35 years until June s death in May 2003 Throughout their marriage June attempted to keep Cash off amphetamines often taking his drugs and flushing them down the toilet June remained with him even throughout his multiple admissions for rehabilitation treatment and decades of drug addiction After June s death in May 2003 Cash believed that his only reason for living was his music he died only four months later 123 Religious beliefsCash was raised by his parents in the Southern Baptist denomination of Christianity He was baptized in 1944 in the Tyronza River as a member of the Central Baptist Church of Dyess Arkansas 124 A troubled but devout Christian 125 126 Cash has been characterized as a lens through which to view American contradictions and challenges e 128 129 On May 9 1971 he answered the altar call at Evangel Temple an Assemblies of God congregation pastored by Jimmie R Snow with outreach to people in the music world 130 Cash penned a Christian novel Man in White in 1986 and in the introduction writes about a reporter who interested in Cash s religious beliefs questioned whether the book is written from a Baptist Catholic or Jewish perspective Cash replied I m a Christian Don t put me in another box 131 132 133 134 In the mid 1970s Cash and his wife June completed a course of study in the Bible through Christian International Bible College culminating in a pilgrimage to Israel in November 1978 65 66 Around that time he was ordained as a minister and officiated at his daughter s wedding 135 He often performed at Billy Graham Crusades At a Tallahassee Crusade in 1986 June and Johnny sang his song One of These Days I m Gonna Sit Down and Talk to Paul 136 At a performance in Arkansas in 1989 Johnny Cash spoke to attendees of his commitment to the salvation of drug dealers and alcoholics He then sang Family Bible 137 He recorded several gospel albums and made a spoken word recording of the entire New King James Version of the New Testament 138 139 Cash declared he was the biggest sinner of them all and viewed himself overall as a complicated and contradictory man 140 f Accordingly g Cash is said to have contained multitudes and has been deemed the philosopher prince of American country music 144 145 Cash is credited with having converted actor and singer John Schneider to Christianity 146 Legacy The clothes and guitar of Johnny Cash on exhibit in the Artist Gallery of the Musical Instrument Museum of Phoenix Cash nurtured and defended artists such as Bob Dylan 48 on the fringes of what was acceptable in country music even while serving as the country music establishment s most visible symbol At an all star concert which aired in 1999 on TNT a diverse group of artists paid him tribute including Dylan Chris Isaak Wyclef Jean Norah Jones Kris Kristofferson Willie Nelson Dom DeLuise and U2 Cash himself appeared at the end and performed for the first time in more than a year Two tribute albums were released shortly before his death Kindred Spirits contains works from established artists while Dressed in Black contains works from many lesser known musicians In total he wrote over 1 000 songs and released dozens of albums A box set titled Unearthed was issued posthumously It included four CDs of unreleased material recorded with Rubin as well as a Best of Cash on American retrospective CD The set also includes a 104 page book that discusses each track and features one of Cash s final interviews 147 In 1999 Cash received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award In 2004 Rolling Stone ranked Cash number 31 on their 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list 148 149 and No 21 on their 100 Greatest Singers list in 2010 150 In 2012 Rolling Stone ranked Cash s 1968 live album At Folsom Prison and 1994 studio album American Recordings at No 88 151 and No 366 152 in its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time In recognition of his lifelong support of SOS Children s Villages his family invited friends and fans to donate to the Johnny Cash Memorial Fund in his memory He had a personal link with the SOS village in Diessen at the Ammersee Lake in Bavaria near where he was stationed as a GI and with the SOS village in Barrett Town by Montego Bay near his holiday home in Jamaica 153 154 In January 2006 Cash s lakeside home on Caudill Drive in Hendersonville was sold to Bee Gees vocalist Barry Gibb and wife Linda for 2 3 million On April 10 2007 during major renovation works carried out for Gibb a fire broke out at the house spreading quickly due to a flammable wood preservative that had been used The building was completely destroyed 155 One of Cash s final collaborations with producer Rick Rubin American V A Hundred Highways was released posthumously on July 4 2006 The album debuted at number one on the Billboard Top 200 album chart for the week ending July 22 2006 On February 23 2010 three days before what would have been Cash s 78th birthday the Cash Family Rick Rubin and Lost Highway Records released his second posthumous record titled American VI Ain t No Grave The main street in Hendersonville Tennessee Highway 31E is known as Johnny Cash Parkway 156 The Johnny Cash Museum located in one of Cash s properties in Hendersonville until 2006 dubbed the House of Cash was sold based on Cash s will Prior to this having been closed for a number of years the museum had been featured in Cash s music video for Hurt The house subsequently burned down during the renovation by the new owner A new museum founded by Shannon and Bill Miller opened April 26 2013 in downtown Nashville 157 On November 2 4 2007 the Johnny Cash Flower Pickin Festival was held in Starkville Mississippi where Cash had been arrested more than 40 years earlier and held overnight at the city jail on May 11 1965 The incident inspired Cash to write the song Starkville City Jail The festival where he was offered a symbolic posthumous pardon honored Cash s life and music and was expected to become an annual event 158 JC Unit One Johnny Cash s private tour bus from 1980 until 2003 was put on exhibit at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland Ohio in 2007 The museum offers public tours of the bus on a seasonal basis it is stored during the winter and not exhibited during those times 159 A limited edition Forever stamp honoring Cash went on sale June 5 2013 The stamp features a promotional picture of Cash taken around the 1963 release of Ring of Fire The Best of Johnny Cash 160 On October 14 2014 the City of Folsom unveiled phase 1 of the Johnny Cash Trail to the public with a dedication and ribbon cutting ceremony attended by Rosanne Cash Along the trail eight larger than life public art pieces will tell the story of Johnny Cash his connection to Folsom Prison and his epic musical career The Johnny Cash Trail features art selected by a committee that included Cindy Cash a 2 acre 0 81 ha Legacy Park and over 3 miles 4 8 km of multi use class I bike trail The artists responsible for the sculptures are Sacramento based Romo Studios LLC and the Fine Art Studio of Rotblatt Amrany from Illinois 161 In 2015 a new species of black tarantula was identified near Folsom Prison and named Aphonopelma johnnycashi in his honor In 2016 the Nashville Sounds Minor League Baseball team added the Country Legends Race to its between innings entertainment At the middle of the fifth inning people in oversized foam caricature costumes depicting Cash as well as George Jones Reba McEntire and Dolly Parton race around the warning track at First Horizon Park from center field to the home plate side of the first base dugout 162 On February 8 2018 the album Forever Words was announced putting music to poems that Cash had written and which were published in book form in 2016 163 Johnny Cash s boyhood home in Dyess was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on May 2 2018 as Farm No 266 Johnny Cash Boyhood Home 29 The Arkansas Country Music Awards honored Johnny Cash s legacy with the Lifetime Achievement award on June 3 2018 The ceremony was held that same date which was a Monday night at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock in Little Rock Arkansas The nominations took place in early 2018 164 165 In 2019 Sheryl Crow released a duet with Cash on her song Redemption Day for her final album Threads Crow who had originally written and recorded the song in 1996 recorded new vocals and added them to those of Cash who recorded the song for his American VI Ain t No Grave album 166 In April 2019 it was announced that the state of Arkansas would place a statue of Cash in the National Statuary Hall in an effort to represent the modern history of Arkansas The Governor of Arkansas Asa Hutchinson stated that Cash s contributions to music made him an appropriate figure to tell the story of the state 167 Portrayals Country singer Mark Collie portrayed Cash in John Lloyd Miller s award winning 1999 short film I Still Miss Someone In November 2005 Walk the Line a biographical film about Cash s life was released in the United States to considerable commercial success and critical acclaim The film featured Joaquin Phoenix as Johnny for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Reese Witherspoon as June for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress Phoenix and Witherspoon also won the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy and Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy respectively They both performed their own vocals in the film with their version of Jackson being released as a single and Phoenix learned to play guitar for the role Phoenix received a Grammy Award for his contributions to the soundtrack John Carter Cash the son of Johnny and June served as an executive producer On March 12 2006 Ring of Fire a jukebox musical of the Cash oeuvre debuted on Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theater but closed due to harsh reviews and disappointing sales on April 30 Million Dollar Quartet a musical portraying the early Sun recording sessions involving Cash Elvis Presley Jerry Lee Lewis and Carl Perkins debuted on Broadway on April 11 2010 Actor Lance Guest portrayed Cash The musical was nominated for three awards at the 2010 Tony Awards and won one Robert Hilburn veteran Los Angeles Times pop music critic the journalist who accompanied Cash in his 1968 Folsom prison tour and interviewed Cash many times throughout his life including months before his death published a 688 page biography with 16 pages of photographs in 2013 168 The meticulously reported biography is said to have filled in the 80 of Cash s life that was unknown including details about Cash s battles with addiction and infidelity 169 55 170 Awards and honorsFor detailed lists of music awards see List of awards received by Johnny Cash If there were a hall of fame for creating larger than life personae Cash would no doubt have been elected to it as well His 1971 song Man in Black codified an image that the singer had assumed naturally for more than fifteen years at that point Part rural preacher part outlaw Robin Hood he was a blue collar prophet who dressed in stark contrast to the glinting rhinestones and shimmering psychedelia of the time spoke truth to power Johnny Cash Remembering the Incomparable Legend of Country Rock and Roll Rolling Stone 171 Cash received multiple Country Music Association Awards Grammys and other awards in categories ranging from vocal and spoken performances to album notes and videos In a career that spanned almost five decades Cash was the personification of country music to many people around the world Cash was a musician who was not defined by a single genre He recorded songs that could be considered rock and roll blues rockabilly folk and gospel and exerted an influence on each of those genres His diversity was evidenced by his presence in five major music halls of fame the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame 1977 the Country Music Hall of Fame 1980 the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 1992 GMA s Gospel Music Hall of Fame 2010 and the Memphis Music Hall of Fame 2013 172 173 Marking his death in 2003 Rolling Stone stated other than Elvis Presley Cash was the only artist inducted as a performer into both the Country Music Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 171 His contributions to the genre have been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame 174 Cash received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1996 and stated that his induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1980 was his greatest professional achievement In 2001 he was awarded the National Medal of Arts 175 Hurt was nominated for six VMAs at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards The only VMA the video won was that for Best Cinematography With the video Johnny Cash became the oldest artist ever nominated for an MTV Video Music Award 176 Justin Timberlake who won Best Video that year for Cry Me a River said in his acceptance speech This is a travesty I demand a recount My grandfather raised me on Johnny Cash and I think he deserves this more than any of us in here tonight 177 DiscographyMain articles Johnny Cash albums discography Johnny Cash singles discography and Johnny Cash Sun Records discography See also List of songs recorded by Johnny Cash Johnny Cash with His Hot and Blue Guitar 1957 The Fabulous Johnny Cash 1958 Hymns by Johnny Cash 1959 Songs of Our Soil 1959 Now There Was a Song 1960 Ride This Train 1960 Hymns from the Heart 1962 The Sound of Johnny Cash 1962 Blood Sweat and Tears 1963 The Christmas Spirit 1963 Keep on the Sunny Side with the Carter Family 1964 I Walk the Line 1964 Bitter Tears Ballads of the American Indian 1964 Orange Blossom Special 1965 Johnny Cash Sings the Ballads of the True West 1965 Everybody Loves a Nut 1966 Happiness Is You 1966 Carryin On with Johnny Cash amp June Carter with June Carter 1967 From Sea to Shining Sea 1968 The Holy Land 1969 Hello I m Johnny Cash 1970 Man in Black 1971 A Thing Called Love 1972 America A 200 Year Salute in Story and Song 1972 The Johnny Cash Family Christmas 1972 Any Old Wind That Blows 1973 Johnny Cash and His Woman with June Carter Cash 1973 Ragged Old Flag 1974 The Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me 1974 The Johnny Cash Children s Album 1975 Johnny Cash Sings Precious Memories 1975 John R Cash 1975 Look at Them Beans 1975 One Piece at a Time 1976 The Last Gunfighter Ballad 1977 The Rambler 1977 I Would Like to See You Again 1978 Gone Girl 1978 Silver 1979 A Believer Sings the Truth 1979 Johnny Cash Sings with the BC Goodpasture Christian School 1979 Rockabilly Blues 1980 Classic Christmas 1980 The Baron 1981 The Adventures of Johnny Cash 1982 Johnny 99 1983 Highwayman with Waylon Jennings Willie Nelson amp Kris Kristofferson 1985 Rainbow 1985 Heroes with Waylon Jennings 1986 Class of 55 with Roy Orbison Jerry Lee Lewis amp Carl Perkins 1986 Believe in Him 1986 Johnny Cash Is Coming to Town 1987 Classic Cash Hall of Fame Series 1988 Water from the Wells of Home 1988 Boom Chicka Boom 1990 Highwayman 2 with Waylon Jennings Willie Nelson amp Kris Kristofferson 1990 The Mystery of Life 1991 Country Christmas 1991 American Recordings 1994 The Road Goes on Forever with Waylon Jennings Willie Nelson amp Kris Kristofferson 1995 American II Unchained 1996 American III Solitary Man 2000 American IV The Man Comes Around 2002 My Mother s Hymn Book 2004 American V A Hundred Highways 2006 American VI Ain t No Grave 2010 Out Among the Stars 2014 FilmographyFilm Year Title Role Notes1961 Five Minutes to Live Johnny Cabot Also titled Door To Door Maniac1967 The Road to Nashville Himself1971 A Gunfight Abe Cross1973 Gospel Road A Story of Jesus Narrator Himself1983 Kairei Uncle John Japanese film 178 1994 Gene Autry Melody of the West Narrator Documentary film voice acting role2003 The Hunted Narrator Voice acting role2014 The Winding Stream Interview subject Documentary film archive footageTelevision Year Title Role Notes1959 Shotgun Slade Sheriff Episode The Stalkers 1959 Wagon Train Frank Hoag Episode The C L Harding Story1960 The Rebel Pratt Episode The Death of Gray 1961 The Deputy Bo Braddock Episode The Deathly Quiet 1969 1971 The Johnny Cash Show Himself host and performer 58 episodes1970 NET Playhouse John Ross Episode Trail of Tears 1970 The Partridge Family Variety Show Host Episode What Get Out of Show Business 1973 1992 Sesame Street Himself 4 episodes1974 1988 Hee Haw Himself 4 episodes1974 Columbo Tommy Brown Episode Swan Song 1974 Johnny Cash Ridin the Rails The Great American Train Story Himself1976 Johnny Cash and Friends Himself 4 episodes1976 Little House on the Prairie Caleb Hodgekiss Episode The Collection 1976 1985 Johnny Cash specials various titles Himself 15 specials1978 Thaddeus Rose and Eddie Thaddeus Rose Television film1978 Steve Martin A Wild and Crazy Guy Himself Television special 179 1980 The Muppet Show Himself Episode 5 21 1981 The Pride of Jesse Hallam Jesse Hallam Television film1982 Saturday Night Live Himself Episode Johnny Cash Elton John 1983 Murder in Coweta County Lamarr Potts Television film also producer1984 The Baron and the Kid The BaronWill Television film1985 North and South John Brown 6 episodes1986 The Last Days of Frank and Jesse James Frank James Television film1986 Stagecoach Curly Wilcox Television film1988 The Magical World of Disney Elder Davy Crockett Episode Rainbow in the Thunder 1993 1997 Dr Quinn Medicine Woman Kid Cole 4 episodes1996 Renegade Henry Travis Episode The Road Not Taken 1997 The Simpsons Space Coyote Episode El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer The Mysterious Voyage of Homer voice acting role1998 All My Friends Are Cowboys Himself Television special2014 Johnny Cash The Man His World His Music Himself Television film BBC Bio Documentary by Robert Elfstrom 180 archive footagePublished worksMan in Black His Own Story in His Own Words Zondervan 1975 ISBN 99924 31 58 X Man in White a novel about the Apostle Paul HarperCollins 1986 ISBN 0 06 250132 1 Cash The Autobiography with Patrick Carr HarperCollins 1997 ISBN 978 0 06 101357 7 181 Johnny Cash Reads the New Testament Thomas Nelson 2011 ISBN 978 1 4185 4883 4 182 Recollections by Johnny Cash edited by daughter Tara 2014 ISBN 978 0 930677 03 9 The Man Who Carried Cash Saul Holiff Johnny Cash and the Making of an American Icon by Julie Chadwick Dundurn Press 2017 ISBN 978 1 459737 23 5Notes Although Cash s voice type endured over the years his timbre changed noticeably Pareles writes Through a recording career that stretches back to 1955 Cash s bass baritone voice has gone from gravelly to grave 4 For Cash black stage attire was a symbol of rebellion against a stagnant status quo against hypocritical houses of God against people whose minds are closed to others ideas 10 Schultz refers to this phrase as Cash s trademark greeting and places his utterance of this line on Cash s At Folsom Prison album among the most electrifying seconds in the history of concert recording 11 When RCA Victor signed Presley it had also bought his Sun Records masters but when Cash departed for Columbia Phillips retained the rights to the singer s Sun masters Columbia eventually licensed some of these recordings for release on compilations after Cash s death Other appraisals of Cash s iconic value have been even bolder 127 Urbanski 141 notes that Cash s habit of performing in black attire began in a church In the following paragraph he 142 quotes Cash 10 as indicating that this habit was partially reflective of Cash s rebellion against our hypocritical houses of God According to Urbanski Cash s self perception was accurate He never intended to be categorized or pigeonholed and indeed he amassed a cluster of enigmas which was so impenetrably deep that even those closest to him never got to see every part of him 143 References a b Johnny Cash Biography Albums Streaming Links AllMusic a b c d Johnson Howard September 12 2016 A tribute to Johnny Cash the ultimate rebel and rock star Classic Rock Magazine List of Outlaw Country Country Singers Grizzly Rose March 29 2019 Retrieved June 24 2019 a b c Pareles Jon September 16 1994 Pop Review Johnny Cash Austerely Direct From Deep Within The New York Times Retrieved February 26 2019 Mulligan J February 24 2010 Johnny Cash American VI Ain t No Grave Entertainment ie album review retrieved March 22 2010 Urbanski 2003 p xiv Dickie M 2002 1987 Hard talk from the God fearin pro metal man in Black In Streissguth M ed Ring of fire The Johnny Cash reader Cambridge MA Da Capo pp 201 205 ISBN 9780306811227 a b c Streissguth M 2006 Johnny Cash a biography Philadelphia PA Da Capo p 196 ISBN 9780306813689 Fox JA October 17 2005 Hard time s never a circus The Boston Herald Baylor University archived from the original on September 20 2006 retrieved March 22 2010 a b c Cash Johnny Carr Patrick 2003 Cash The Autobiography Harper Collins p 64 ISBN 0060727535 Retrieved February 26 2019 Schultz B July 1 2000 Classic Tracks Johnny Cash s Folsom Prison Blues Mix archived from the original on January 2 2010 retrieved March 22 2010 For discussion of and lyrics to Cash s songs see Cusic D ed 2004 Johnny Cash The songs New York NY Thunder s Mouth ISBN 9781560256298 permanent dead link Holden Stephen September 13 2003 Johnny Cash Country Music Bedrock Dies at 71 The New York Times retrieved February 25 2013 Jones Rebecca January 14 2014 More Johnny Cash material will be released says son BBC News Retrieved February 13 2016 Miller 2003 p 341 Ellis A 2004 01 The man in black Johnny cash 1932 2003 Guitar Player 38 31 32 34 Johnny Cash s Funeral Johnny and June Carter Cash Memorial Buddy Case retrieved January 16 2009 Reba Cash Hancock Harpeth Family Funeral Services Harpeth hills archived from the original on July 15 2012 retrieved January 16 2009 Millar Anna June 4 2006 Celtic connection as Cash walks the line in Fife Scotland on Sunday Scotsman retrieved April 12 2011 Cash Rosanne 2010 A memoir Viking Press ISBN 978 1 101 45769 6 Manzoor Sarfraz February 7 2010 Scottish roots of Johnny Cash the man in black tartan The Guardian London UK retrieved April 12 2011 a b Singer Johnny Cash adopted by Senecas permanent dead link Unidentified Western New York newspaper June 25 1966 Cash is one quarter Cherokee his paternal grandmother was a full blood Cherokee Stated on Finding Your Roots February 23 2021 a b Miller 2003 p 11 Dalton Stephanie January 15 2006 Walking the line back in time Scotland on Sunday Archived from the original on October 21 2007 Retrieved June 28 2007 Cash Johnny Carr Patrick 2003 Cash The Autobiography Harper Collins p 3 ISBN 0 06 072753 5 Retrieved February 26 2019 Cash William October 24 2019 Me and my cousin Johnny by William Cash Thetimes co uk Streissguth M 2006 Johnny Cash a biography Philadelphia PA Da Capo p 6 ISBN 978 0 306 81591 1 a b Bowden Bill May 5 2018 National Register accepts Johnny Cash boyhood home in Arkansas ArkansasOnline Arkansas Democrat Gazette Archived from the original on May 5 2018 Retrieved May 7 2018 Cash Johnny Carr Patrick 2003 Cash The Autobiography Harper Collins p 20 ISBN 0 06 072753 5 Retrieved February 26 2019 Why Did Johnny Cash Always Wear Black 25 Facts About America s Outlaw Archived from the original on June 22 2019 Retrieved June 21 2019 Cash Johnny Carr Patrick 2003 Cash The Autobiography Harper Collins pp 24 26 ISBN 0 06 072753 5 Retrieved February 26 2019 Gross Terry 2004 All I Did Was Ask Conversations with Writers Actors Musicians and Artists Hardcover ed Hachette Books p 31 Johnny Cash The Fresh Air Interview NPR November 24 2016 Retrieved February 27 2019 And I d sing Dennis Day songs like Yeah songs that he sang on the Jack Benny show Every week he sang an old Irish folk song And next day in the fields I d be singing that song if I was working in the fields Abbott William Johnny Cash February 26 1932 September 12 2003 Southernmusic net Retrieved December 31 2011 Johnny Cash The Biography p 42 Murray Robin March 8 2023 So Was Johnny Cash The First American To Learn Of Joseph Stalin s Death Clash Music mtc Retrieved March 10 2023 Kemp Sam March 9 2022 How did Johnny Cash become the first American to learn of Joseph Stalin s death Far Out Magazine Far Out Magazine Retrieved March 10 2023 Malone William McCulloh Judith 1975 Stars of Country Music Chicago IL Berkowitz Kenny June 2001 No Regrets Johnny Cash the man in black is back at the top of his game AcousticGuitar com 102 Archived from the original on August 12 2008 Retrieved June 28 2009 Johnny Cash Things You Didn t Know About Johnny Cash at Taste of Country Retrieved September 24 2016 Johnny Cash at TV People Archived August 25 2019 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved September 24 Johnny Cash Biography and Interview Achievement org American Academy of Achievement The Man in Black s Musical Journey Continues NPR retrieved February 9 2010 10 Things you didn t know about Johnny Cash Rolling Stone October 31 2013 Archived from the original on October 16 2014 Retrieved August 29 2014 Rainbow Quest Richardandmimi com February 26 1966 Retrieved August 1 2012 My Father and The Man in Black Johnny and saul com Archived from the original on May 17 2014 Retrieved April 25 2014 a b Johnny Cash interviewed on the Pop Chronicles 1969 Cash Vivian Sharpsteen Ann 2007 I Walked the Line My Life with Johnny Hardcover ed Simon amp Schuster p 294 ISBN 978 1416532927 Retrieved February 28 2019 Major brush fire Los Angeles Times June 28 1965 p 1 Control of Brush Fire Near 700 Acres Burned Los Angeles Times June 29 1965 p 27 Hilburn Robert 2013 Johnny Cash The Life ebook ed Little Brown and Company ISBN 978 0 316 19475 4 Hilburn 2013 ebook Johnson Brett November 18 2007 Cash s first wife tells of romance heartbreak Ventura County Star Retrieved July 9 2013 a b Hilburn Robert October 12 2013 Johnny Cash s dark California days LA Times Retrieved February 20 2018 Williford Stanley and Howard Hertel Singer Johnny Cash Pays 82 000 to U S in Fire Case Los Angeles Times July 3 1969 p A3 Johnny Cash At San Quentin Columbia Records CS 9827 1969 Hilburn Robert October 12 2013 Johnny Cash s dark California days Los Angeles Times ISSN 0458 3035 Archived from the original on December 19 2013 Retrieved November 8 2018 Past Winners Search The GRAMMYs April 30 2017 12 000 at LaFayette show Rome News Tribune LaFayette Georgia p 5A August 14 1970 Gross 2004 p 34 Zwonitzer Mark 2002 Will You Miss Me When I m Gone The Carter Family and Their Legacy in American Music Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0 684 85763 3 Grant Marshall 2005 I Was There When It Happened My Life With Johnny Cash Cumberland House pp 92 177 ISBN 978 1 58182 510 7 Grant Marshall 2005 I Was There When It Happened My Life With Johnny Cash Cumberland House ISBN 978 1 58182 510 7 a b Cash John Carter 2007 Anchored in Love Thomas Nelson ISBN 978 0 8499 0187 4 Inmate Merle Haggard hears Johnny Cash play San Quentin State Prison history com accessed June 24 2014 Edwards Leigh H Cash Johnny Grove Music Online Oxford Music Online Oxford University Press Edwards Leigh 2009 Johnny Cash and the paradox of American Identity Bloomington Indiana University Press ISBN 978 0 253 35292 7 Tahmahkera Dustin 2011 An Indian in a White Man s Camp Johnny Cash s Indian Country Music American Quarterly 63 3 591 617 doi 10 1353 aq 2011 0039 S2CID 143509936 Retrieved June 26 2018 Cash Johnny 1966 Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash Rainbow Quest Season 1 Episode 39 Cash J amp Carr P 1997 Cash The autobiography p 408 San Francisco CA HarperSanFrancisco Tahmahkera D 2011 Volume 63 In American Quarterly p 597 Maryland The Johns Hopkins University Press We re Still Here Johnny Cash s Bitter Tears Revisited Musicnewsnet com Retrieved September 21 2018 Johnny Cash and June Carter Television series episode In Rainbow Quest Pete Seeger YouTube 1965 dead YouTube link a b The bitter tears of Johnny Cash Salon com November 9 2009 Retrieved February 25 2020 Tahmahkera D 2011 Volume 63 In American Quarterly pp 598 599 Maryland The Johns Hopkins University Press Advertisement Billboard August 22 1964 p 31 Television series episode In The Johnny Cash Show Johnny Cash YouTube 1970 Archived from the original on December 21 2021 Tahmahkera D 2011 Volume 63 In American Quarterly p 592 Maryland The Johns Hopkins University Press Burnett John G December 11 1890 Birthday Story of Private John G Burnett Captain Abraham McClellan s Company 2nd Regiment 2nd Brigade Mounted Infantry Cherokee Indian Removal 1838 39 Creoliste Retrieved November 4 2016 Bitter Tears Ballads of the American Indian The Bluegrass Special August 2010 Archived from the original on November 5 2016 Retrieved November 4 2016 a b Johnny Cash s excellent music variety TV show ran 58 episodes but was canceled in a rural purge The Vintage News August 10 2017 Retrieved November 8 2018 Johnny Cash Live Performances Johnny Cash Infocenter September 11 1956 Archived from the original on February 24 2021 Retrieved February 5 2020 Details Johnny Cash Infocenter September 15 1969 Archived from the original on February 25 2021 Retrieved February 5 2020 Jojola Lloyd January 31 2011 ABQJOURNAL PROFILES Sanchez Matriarch to Musicians Albuquerque Journal Archived from the original on February 5 2020 Retrieved February 5 2020 Heath Holland On Little Fauss and Big Halsy Fthismovie net Retrieved November 8 2018 Ballad of Little Fauss Goldenglobes com Archived from the original on November 9 2018 Retrieved November 8 2018 The Best of the Johnny Cash TV Show 1969 1971 vol Disc 1 of 2 Reverse Angle Production 2007 Dave Urbanski The Man Comes Around The Spiritual Journey of Johnny Cash Relevant Books 2003 p 91 a b Cash Johnny Carr Patrick 2003 Cash The Autobiography Harper Collins pp 85 86 ISBN 0060727535 Retrieved February 26 2019 The good bad and ugly of proposed uniforms Navy Times October 4 2004 Turner Publishing 2004 Lionel Trains A Pictorial History of Trains and Their Collectors Turner Publishing Company p 19 ISBN 978 1 56311 958 3 Allmond Joy September 13 2015 Johnny Cash s Faith and Friendship with Billy Graham Billy Graham Evangelistic Association Dave Urbanski The Man Comes Around The Spiritual Journey of Johnny Cash Relevant Books 2003 p 117 Cash Johnny Carr Patrick 2003 Cash The Autobiography Harper Collins ISBN 0060727535 Retrieved February 26 2019 Nixon Welcomes The Man in Black to the White House Nixon Foundation April 17 2011 archived from the original on August 22 2011 Cash Johnny Carr Patrick 1997 Cash The Autobiography hardcover ed Harper Collins p 304 ISBN 9780062515001 Retrieved February 26 2019 Cash Johnny Carr Patrick 2003 Cash The Autobiography Harper Collins p 212 ISBN 0060727535 Retrieved February 26 2019 Richard Nixon April 17 1970 released on Johnny Cash Bootleg Vol III Live Around the World Columbia Legacy 88697 93033 2 released 2011 Halloran R July 4 1976 500 000 View Capital s Bicentennial Parade New York Times Lot 756 of 982 JOHNNY CASH BICENTENNIAL SHIRT Julienslive com Willett E 2011 Johnny Cash The Man in Black p 90 Berkeley Heights NJ Enslow Johnny Cash The Rebel Exclaim ca Canada p 3 archived from the original on April 26 2005 Robert Hilburn Johnny Cash The Life New York Little Brown and Company 2013 pp 500 502 Lewis Randy December 10 2013 Lost Early 80s Johnny Cash Album Slated for March 25 Release Los Angeles Times Hilburn p 506 Thomson Graeme April 28 2011 The Resurrection of Johnny Cash The Guardian Retrieved April 9 2018 Gold Adam July 13 2017 How U2 Fell in Love with Nashville and Influenced Today s Country Music Rolling Stone Archived from the original on December 9 2017 Retrieved February 26 2019 The Guitars of Johnny Cash Fretbase com August 2008 archived from the original on October 1 2008 Hochman Steve January 27 1996 ALBUM REVIEWS POP Twisted Willie Gives Nelson Grunge Honors Treatment Los Angeles Times Retrieved August 1 2018 Cash Johnny Carr Patrick 1998 1997 Cash The Autobiography New York NY USA HarperCollins Publishers pp 400 403 ISBN 0061013579 Robert Hilburn Johnny Cash The Life New York Little Brown and Company 2013 pp 568 570 Carr Eric November 7 2002 Johnny Cash American IV The Man Comes Around Pitchfork Retrieved May 12 2017 Geoff Rickly interviews Trent Reznor Alternative Press June 26 2004 Archived from the original on October 15 2017 Retrieved October 15 2017 a href Template Cite magazine html title Template Cite magazine cite magazine a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Levy Glen July 28 2011 The 30 All TIME Best Music Videos Johnny Cash Hurt Time Archived from the original on September 26 2011 Retrieved August 19 2011 100 Greatest Music Videos NME June 2 2011 Retrieved December 15 2012 Country Star June Carter Cash Wife of Johnny Cash Dies at 73 Mtv com Rees Paul October 2009 The Q Interview Rick Rubin Q p 98 Robert Hilburn Johnny Cash The Life New York Little Brown amp Co 2013 p 624 Why Hate Groups Went After Johnny Cash in the 1960s History Retrieved November 7 2018 Turner 2004 pp 43 44 Sweeting Adam September 12 2003 Johnny Cash The Guardian Obituary London UK retrieved January 26 2009 Puterbaugh Parke Essential Johnny Cash Rolling Stone October 16 2003 78 International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text ProQuest Web June 12 2016 Johnny Cash Man in Black Zondervan ISBN 978 99924 31 58 0 Clapp 2008 p xvi Urbanski 2003 Clapp 2008 p xvi Very few figures in recent history are seen as more representative of American identity as Cash His has often been suggested as the face that should be added to the select pantheon on Mt Rushmore Clapp 2008 p xviii Miller 2003 p 227 Dave Urbanski The Man Comes Around The Spiritual Journey of Johnny Cash Relevant Books 2003 p 99 Stoudt C June 9 2009 Review Ring of Fire at La Mirada Theatre Los Angeles Times Retrieved January 20 2010 Johnny Cash Amazing Grace Public Radio Exchange 2010 retrieved January 20 2010 Cash Johnny 2008 Man in White Paperback ed Thomas Nelson p xiii ISBN 978 1595548368 I m a Christian I said Don t put me in another box Johnny Cash obituary News BBC September 12 2003 retrieved January 20 2010 Ceretti Evan June 14 2021 6 Interesting Facts About Johnny Cash roadiemusic com Retrieved January 17 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Billy Graham Crusade 1986 Tallahassee Florida https www youtube com watch v MlXGSi4rxf8 Billy Graham Crusade 1989 Little Rock Arkansas https www youtube com watch v 8p5Sd qcBSQ Rivkin D ed 2007 Johnny Cash reading the complete New Testament audio recording deluxe ed Nashville TN Thomas Nelson Morris E December 23 2008 Johnny Cash s reading of the New Testament now on DVD Country Music Television retrieved January 20 2010 Urbanski 2003 pp xx xxi Urbanski 2003 p 39 Urbanski 2003 pp 39 40 Urbanski D 2010 Johnny Cash s complicated faith Unwrapping the enigma of the Man in Black Relevant Magazine Archived from the original on February 27 2010 Retrieved March 22 2010 Huss J Werther D eds 2008 Johnny Cash and philosophy The burning ring of truth Chicago IL Open Court Johnny Cash and philosophy Open Court 2007 archived from the original on March 28 2010 retrieved March 22 2010 Taking the Lead Today s Christian Archived from the original on April 10 2008 Retrieved April 28 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Cash s Unearthed box set Billboard October 22 2003 Retrieved December 11 2015 Kristofferson Kris Johnny Cash No 31 Rolling Stone Archived from the original on May 21 2006 Retrieved December 31 2007 The Immortals The First Fifty Rolling Stone Archived from the original on March 16 2006 Retrieved December 31 2007 100 Greatest Singers of All Time Rollingstone com December 3 2010 Archived from the original on July 1 2018 Retrieved September 2 2017 500 Greatest Albums of All Time Rollingstone com May 31 2012 Archived from the original on August 18 2017 Retrieved September 2 2017 500 Greatest Albums of All Time Rollingstone com May 31 2012 Archived from the original on September 27 2017 Retrieved September 2 2017 Johnny Cash Celebrities as partners SOS Children s Villages archived from the original on May 18 2008 Johnny Cash Supporters USA SOS Children s Villages archived from the original on June 18 2018 retrieved June 18 2018 Fire destroys Johnny Cash house BBC April 11 2007 Retrieved September 29 2010 Bordsen Ridder December 24 2000 NASHVILLE COUNTRY The Chicago Tribune Retrieved February 24 2019 Rutz Heather June 7 2013 Lima native creative director at new Johnny Cash museum The Lima News Retrieved December 11 2015 Mississippi town to honor the Man in Black NBC News Retrieved December 31 2007 Soeder John May 19 2010 Johnny Cash s tour bus returns to Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum The Plain Dealer Retrieved December 11 2015 Johnny Cash Stamp Release Celebrated By Family Huffington Post June 3 2013 Retrieved June 3 2013 Folsom CA Johnny Cash Trail amp Art Experience Folsom ca us Archived from the original on January 16 2017 Retrieved January 13 2017 Opening Night at First Tennessee Park The Tennessean April 7 2016 Retrieved April 8 2016 Barsanti Sam February 8 2018 Elvis Costello Chris Cornell and More Helped Turn Some Johnny Cash Poems into Songs The A V Club Univision Johnny Cash Arkansas Country Music Awards Nominees Archived from the original on January 9 2019 Retrieved January 8 2019 Winners of inaugural Arkansas Country Music Awards announced Arkansas Online June 5 2018 Retrieved January 9 2019 Sexton Paul April 21 2019 Sheryl Crow Shares Powerful Duet With Johnny Cash Redemption Day Colby Itkowitz April 17 2019 Johnny Cash to replace Confederate statue on Capitol Hill The Washington Post Hilburn Robert 2013 Johnny Cash The Life Deckle Edge New York City Little Brown and Company ISBN 978 0 316 19475 4 Kinchen David November 3 2013 BOOK REVIEW Johnny Cash Meticulous Attention to Facts Sets Robert Hilburn s Biography Apart Huntington News Retrieved December 12 2013 Hilburn Robert October 29 2013 Interview Robert Hilburn Author Of Johnny Cash The Life NPR Retrieved April 25 2014 a b Johnny Cash Remembering the Incomparable Legend of Country Rock and Roll Rolling Stone Retrieved April 1 2020 Johnny Cash Inductees Country Music Hall of Fame archived from the original on May 4 2017 retrieved May 2 2017 Johnny Cash Inductees Rock and Roll Hall of Fame RHOF Inductees with Certificates Rockabilly Hall of Fame Archived from the original on May 18 2019 Retrieved December 31 2007 Lifetime Honors National Medal of Arts April 24 2013 Johnny Cash Memories Shared Songstuff com Retrieved June 27 2013 Quotables August 29 2003 Justin Timberlake on Johnny Cash Archived from the original on April 7 2014 Retrieved April 5 2014 Otokichi Movie Kairei Jmottoson com Retrieved September 21 2018 Steve Martin The Television Stuff on DVD Entertainment Weekly BBC Four Johnny Cash The Man His World His Music BBC Johnny Cash Cash The Autobiography of Johnny Cash Review SocialBookshelves com July 11 2014 Retrieved July 13 2014 Johnny Cash Reads the New Testament barnesandnoble com Retrieved November 24 2014 Bibliography Clapp R 2008 Johnny Cash and the great American contradiction Christianity and the battle for the soul of a nation Louisville KY Westminster John Knox ISBN 978 0 664 23657 1 Gross Terry 2004 All I Did Was Ask Conversations with Writers Actors Musicians and Artists hardcover ed Hachette Miller Stephen 2003 Johnny Cash The Life of an American Icon Omnibus ISBN 978 0 7119 9626 7 Streissguth Michael 2004 Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison The Making of a Masterpiece hardcover ed Cambridge Massachusetts Da Capo Press ISBN 978 0 306 81338 2 Streissguth Michael 2005 2004 Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison The Making of a Masterpiece paprback ed Cambridge Massachusetts Da Capo Press ISBN 978 0 306 81453 2 Turner Stephen 2004 The Man Called Cash The Life Love and Faith of an American Legend Nashville TN W Publishing ISBN 978 0 8499 1820 9 Urbanski David 2003 The Man Comes Around The Spiritual Journey of Johnny Cash New York NY Relevant Books ISBN 978 0 9729276 7 3 Further readingAntonio D Ambrosio A Heartbeat and a Guitar Johnny Cash and the Making of Bitter Tears New York New York Perseus Books Nation Books 2009 ISBN 978 1 56858 637 3 pb Robert Hilburn Johnny Cash The Life Back Bay Books New York Little Brown and Company 2013 ISBN 978 0 316 19474 7 pb Jonathan Silverman Nine Choices Johnny Cash and American Culture Amherst University of Massachusetts 2010 ISBN 1 55849 826 5 Graeme Thomson The Resurrection of Johnny Cash Hurt Redemption and American Recordings Jawbone Press ISBN 978 1 906002 36 7 Christopher S Wren Johnny Cash Winners Got Scars Too Abacus Editions ISBN 0 349 13740 4External linksJohnny Cash at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata Official website Sony Music s Johnny Cash website Candidates Inductee Johnny Cash Hit Parade Hall of Fame Archived from the original on January 6 2008 Johnny Cash at AllMusic Johnny Cash at IMDb Johnny Cash profile at martinguitar comAwardsFirstNone recognized before First Amendment Center AMA Spirit of Americana Free Speech Award2002 Succeeded byKris KristoffersonPreceded byBuddy amp Julie Miller AMA Album of the Year artist 2003 Succeeded byLoretta LynnPreceded byJim Lauderdale AMA Artist of the Year2003 Succeeded byLoretta Lynn Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Johnny Cash amp oldid 1147172046, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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