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Mysore

November 08, 2023

This article is about the city in Karnataka, India. For other uses, see Mysore (disambiguation).

Mysore (/maɪˈsɔːr/ ⓘ my-SOR), officially Mysuru (Kannada: [ˈmaɪˈsuːɾu] ⓘ), is a metropolitan city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka.[5] It is the third-most populous and third-largest city in the state,[6] and is one of the cleanest cities in India. It is the seat of the Wadiyar dynasty and was the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore for almost six centuries, from 1399 until 1947. It is currently the headquarters of Mysore district and Mysore division. Known for its heritage structures and palaces, including the famous Mysore Palace, and noted for its culture, Mysore is popularly known as the "City of Palaces", the "Heritage City",[7] and the "Cultural Capital of Karnataka".[8] For its pristine and calm ambience, it is also known as "Pensioners' Paradise".[9][tone]

Mysore
Metropolitan City
Mysuru
Clockwise from top: Mysore Palace, Shivanasamudra Falls, Infosys Multiplex ,Brindavan Gardens at Mandya, Somanathapura, Lalitha Mahal, St. Philomena's Cathedral and Chamundeshwari Temple.
Nicknames: 
Heritage City, City of Palaces, The Cultural capital of Karnataka, Sandalwood City,[1] City of Jasmine
Mysore City
Coordinates: 12°18′31″N 76°39′11″E / 12.30861°N 76.65306°E / 12.30861; 76.65306
CountryIndia
StateKarnataka
DivisionMysore
DistrictMysore
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyMysore City Corporation
 • MayorShivakumar[2] (BJP)
 • Deputy MayorG. Roopa[2]
Area
 • Metropolitan City112.81 km2 (110.5 sq mi)
 • Rural
703 km2 (271 sq mi)
 • Metro
156 km2 (60 sq mi)
Elevation
770 m (2,503 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Metropolitan City920,550
 • Density8,200/km2 (8,300/sq mi)
 • Rural
388,706 [3]
 • Metro
93,677
Demonym(s)Mysorean, Mysurinavaru
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Postal Index Number
570 0xx
Vehicle registrationKA-09, KA-55
Telephone91-(0)821-XXX-XXXX
UN/LOCODEIN MYQ MYS
Official languageKannada[4]
Websitewww.mysurucity.mrc.gov.in

Mysore is situated at the foothills of the Chamundi Hills. At an altitude of 770 m (2,530 ft) above mean sea level, the city of Mysore is geographically located at 12° 18′ 26″ north latitude and 76° 38′ 59″ east longitude. It is about 140 km (87.0 mi) southwest of the state's capital, Bangalore, and spreads across an area of 156 km2 (60 sq mi)(City + neighbouring census towns).[10] The population of the city combined with its neighbouring towns in its metropolitan area is about 12,88,000 in 2023 [11]

Most of the city's development during modern times could be attributed to the maharajas of Mysore and the Wadiyar dynasty, who were patrons of art and culture. Hyder Ali and Tipu, when they were briefly in power in succession, also contributed significantly to the economic growth of the city and the kingdom by planting mulberry trees and silk in the region, and fighting four wars against the British. In present days, the Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city.

During the Dasara festivals, Mysore receives hundreds of thousands of tourists from around the world. The city is also the namesake to various art forms and culture, such as Mysore Dasara and Mysore painting; eateries such as the sweet delicacy Mysore Pak, breakfasts like Mysore Dosa and Mysore Masala Dosa; brands such as Mysore Sandal Soap, Mysore Paints; and styles and cosmetics such as Mysore Peta, a traditional silk turban, and the Mysore silk saris. Mysore is also known for betel leaves and its own special variety of jasmine flower fondly referred to as "Mysore Mallige". Tourism is a lifeline industry for the city alongside the traditional industries. Mysore's intracity public transportation includes bus and intercity public transportation includes rail, bus, and air.[12]

Etymology edit

The name Mysore is an anglicised form of Mahiṣūru,[13] which means "the abode of Mahiṣa" in the vernacular Kannada. The common noun Mahiṣa, in Sanskrit, means buffalo; in this context, however, Mahiṣa refers to Mahishasura, a mythical demon who could assume the form of either a human or a buffalo, and who, according to Hindu mythology, ruled the ancient parts of Mysore Kingdom, known in Sanskrit as Mahiṣaka, centred at Mahiṣapura.[13] He was killed by the goddess Chamundeshwari, whose temple is situated atop the Chamundi Hills, after whom it is named. 'Mahishapura'[14] later became Mahisūru (a name which, even now, the royal family uses), and finally came to be rendered as Mysore by the British and Maisūru (Mysuru) in the vernacular Kannada language.[15]

In December 2005, the Government of Karnataka announced its intention to change the English name of the city to Mysuru.[16] This was approved by the Government of India in October 2014, and Mysore was officially renamed, along with twelve other cities, on 1 November 2014.[17][18][19][20]

History edit

Further information: Kingdom of Mysore
 
Chamundeshwari Temple dedicated to Goddess Chamundeshwari, tutelary deity of Mysore city.
 
Map of Mysore and nearby Srirangapatna, c. 1914

The site where Mysore Palace now stands was occupied by a village named Puragere at the beginning of the 16th century.[21]: 281  The Mahishūru Fort was constructed in 1524 by Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553),[21]: 257  who passed on the dominion of Puragere to his son Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576). Since the 16th century, the name of Mayashūru has commonly been used to denote the city.[22]: 31  The Kingdom of Mysore, governed by the Wodeyar family, initially served as a vassal state of the Vijayanagara Empire. With the decline of that empire after the Battle of Talikota in 1565, the Mysore Kingdom gradually achieved independence, and by the time of King Narasaraja Wodeyar (1637), it had become a sovereign state.[23]: 228  Seringapatam, near Mysore, the present-day Srirangapatna, was the capital of the kingdom beginning in 1610.[21]: 257  The 17th century saw a steady expansion of its territory and, under Narasaraja Wodeyar I and Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar, the kingdom annexed large areas of what is now southern Karnataka and parts of Tamil Nadu, to become a powerful state in the southern Deccan.

The kingdom reached the height of its military power and dominion in the latter half of the 18th century, under the de facto rulers Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan. The latter demolished parts of Mysore to remove legacies of the Wodeyar dynasty.[21]: 257  During this time, the kingdom of Mysore came into conflict with the Marathas, the British, and the Nizam of Hyderabad, leading to the four Anglo-Mysore wars, success in the first two of which was followed by defeat in the third and fourth. After Tipu Sultan's death in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799, the capital of the kingdom was moved back to Mysore from Seringapatam,[23]: 249  and the kingdom was distributed by the British to their allies of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. Part of the kingdom was annexed into the Madras Presidency, another to the Nizam of Hyderabad. The landlocked interior of the defeated kingdom of Mysore was turned into a princely state under the suzerainty of the British Crown,[23]: 249  with the five-year-old Wodeyar Krishnaraja III as titular ruler and with Purnaiah, who had served under Tipu, as chief minister or Diwan and Lt. Col. Barry Close as Resident. The British took control of Mysore's foreign policy and insisted on an annual tribute for maintaining a standing British army at Mysore.[24][25][26] Purnaiah is credited with improving Mysore's public works.[23] In 1831, claiming there was maladministration, the British took direct control of the princely state.[27][28] For the next fifty years, the kingdom of Mysore was under the direct rule of British Commissioners,[29] and in 1831 the city of Mysore lost its status as the administrative centre, when the British Commissioner moved the capital to Bangalore.[23]: 251 

In 1876–77, towards the end of the period of direct British rule, Mysore suffered from the Great Famine of 1876–1878, in which nearly a fifth of the population died.[30] In 1881, Maharaja Chamaraja Wadiyar X was given control of Mysore, in a process called rendition, but with a resident British officer and a diwan to handle the Maharaja's administration,[31] and the city of Mysore regained its status as the capital.[23]: 254  The Mysore municipality was established in 1888 and the city was divided into eight wards.[22]: 283  In 1897 an outbreak of bubonic plague killed nearly half of the population of the city.[32] With the establishment of the City Improvement Trust Board (CITB) in 1903, Mysore became one of the first cities in Asia to undertake planned urban development.[33] Public demonstrations and meetings were held there during the Quit India movement and other phases of the Indian independence movement.[34]

Until the independence of British India (which did not include Mysore) in 1947, Mysore remained a Princely State within the British Indian Empire, with the Wodeyars continuing their rule.[31] After Indian Independence, Mysore city remained as part of the Mysore State, now known as Karnataka. Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar, then king of Mysore, was allowed to retain his titles and was nominated as the Rajapramukh (appointed governor) of the state with a £20,000 payment.[35] He died in September 1974 and was cremated in Mysore.[36]

Over the years, Mysore became well known as a centre for tourism; the city remained largely peaceful, except for occasional riots related to the Kaveri River Water Dispute.[37] Among the events that took place in Mysore and made national headlines were a fire at a television studio that claimed 62 lives in 1989,[38] and the sudden deaths of many animals at the Mysore Zoo.[39]

Geography edit

Area and extent edit

 
View of the city from Chamundi Hills
 
Mysore Palace seen from Chamundi Hill Viewpoint at night

Mysore is located at 12°18′N 74°39′E / 12.30°N 74.65°E / 12.30; 74.65 and has an average altitude of 770 metres (2,526 ft).[40] It is spread across an area of 286.05 km2 (110 sq mi)[41]: 4  at the base of the Chamundi Hills in the southern region of Karnataka. Mysore is the southernmost city of Karnataka and is a neighbouring city of the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the south, flanked by the state cities Madikeri, Chamarajanagara, and Mandya. People in and around Mysore extensively use Kannada as a medium of language. Mysore has several lakes, such as the Kukkarahalli, the Karanji, and the Lingambudhi lakes. Mysore has The Biggest 'Walk-Through Aviary' called Karanji Lake in India. In 2001, total land area usage in Mysore city was 39.9% residential, 16.1% roads, 13.74% parks and open spaces, 13.48% industrial, 8.96% public property, 3.02% commercial, 2.27% agriculture and 2.02 water.[42]: 35  The city is located between two rivers: the Kaveri River that flows through the north of the city and the Kabini River, a tributary of the Kaveri, that lies to the south.

Climate edit

Mysore has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (BSh) under the Köppen climate classification. The main seasons are Summer from March to May, the monsoon season from June to October and winter from November to February.[40] The highest temperature recorded in Mysore was 39.4 °C (103 °F) on 4 April 1917, and the lowest was 7.7 °C (46 °F) on 16 January 2012.[43][44][45] The city's average annual rainfall is 798.6 mm (31.4 in).

Climate data for Mysore (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.8
(91.0) 		36.1
(97.0) 		37.8
(100.0) 		39.4
(102.9) 		39.0
(102.2) 		37.4
(99.3) 		35.8
(96.4) 		33.9
(93.0) 		33.5
(92.3) 		35.0
(95.0) 		32.2
(90.0) 		32.0
(89.6) 		39.4
(102.9)
Average high °C (°F) 28.9
(84.0) 		31.1
(88.0) 		33.3
(91.9) 		34.2
(93.6) 		33.4
(92.1) 		29.7
(85.5) 		28.5
(83.3) 		28.3
(82.9) 		29.4
(84.9) 		29.1
(84.4) 		28.5
(83.3) 		28.0
(82.4) 		30.2
(86.4)
Average low °C (°F) 16.3
(61.3) 		17.5
(63.5) 		19.4
(66.9) 		20.9
(69.6) 		21.0
(69.8) 		20.1
(68.2) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.7
(67.5) 		18.6
(65.5) 		16.8
(62.2) 		19.1
(66.4)
Record low °C (°F) 7.7
(45.9) 		8.6
(47.5) 		10.4
(50.7) 		14.9
(58.8) 		15.6
(60.1) 		12.6
(54.7) 		15.8
(60.4) 		16.5
(61.7) 		13.4
(56.1) 		12.9
(55.2) 		9.6
(49.3) 		8.7
(47.7) 		7.7
(45.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 1.5
(0.06) 		2.9
(0.11) 		9.8
(0.39) 		70.6
(2.78) 		114.9
(4.52) 		74.6
(2.94) 		80.3
(3.16) 		88.4
(3.48) 		110.7
(4.36) 		164.5
(6.48) 		64.9
(2.56) 		15.7
(0.62) 		798.6
(31.44)
Average rainy days 0.3 0.3 0.9 3.9 6.6 6.2 8.0 7.2 7.5 8.8 4.3 1.3 55.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 49 47 43 49 58 71 74 73 70 69 66 60 61
Average ultraviolet index 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 12
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[46][47]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[48]

Rainfall edit

As per Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre, Mysore taluk has been divided into 4 hoblis. In 2022, the rainfall received by these hoblis are as follows:

  1. Mysore - 1,358 millimetres (53.5 in)
  2. Elivala - 1,257 millimetres (49.5 in)
  3. Jayapura - 1,405 millimetres (55.3 in)
  4. Varuna - 1,383 millimetres (54.4 in) [49]

Overall, Mysore taluk received 67% of excess rainfall in the year 2022.

Administration and utilities edit

Main article: Mysore City Corporation
 
Mysore Palace
 
Mysore Taluk Map as per 2011 Census

The civic administration of the city is managed by the Mysore City Corporation, which was established as a municipality in 1888 and converted into a corporation in 1977. Overseeing engineering works, health, sanitation, water supply, administration and taxation, the corporation is headed by a Mayor, who is assisted by commissioners and council members.[42]: 43  The city is divided into 65 wards and the council members (also known as corporators) are elected by the citizens of Mysore every five years.[50] The council members, in turn, elect the mayor. The annual budget of the corporation for the year 2011–2012 was ₹4.27 billion (equivalent to ₹8.8 billion or US$110 million in 2023).[51] Among 63 cities covered under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, Mysore City Corporation was adjudged the second best city municipal corporation and was given the "Nagara Ratna" award in 2011.[52]

Urban growth and expansion is managed by the Mysore Urban Development Authority (MUDA), which is headed by a commissioner. Its activities include developing new layouts and roads, town planning and land acquisition. One of the major projects undertaken by MUDA is the creation of an Outer Ring Road to ease traffic congestion.[53] Citizens of Mysore have criticised MUDA for its inability to prevent land mafias and ensure lawful distribution of housing lands among city residents.[54] The Chamundeshwari Electricity Supply Corporation is responsible for electric supply to the city.[55]

Drinking water for Mysore is sourced from the Kaveri and Kabini rivers.[42]: 53  The city got its first piped water supply when the Belagola project was commissioned in 1896.[56] As of 2011, Mysore gets 193,000 cubic metres (42.5 million imperial gallons) of water per day. Mysore sometimes faces water crises, mainly during the summer months (March–June) and in years of low rainfall.[57] The city has had an underground drainage system since 1904. The entire sewage from the city drains into four valleys: Kesare, Malalavadi, Dalavai and Belavatha.[42]: 56  In an exercise carried out by the Urban Development Ministry under the national urban sanitation policy, Mysore was rated the second cleanest city in India in 2010 and the cleanest in Karnataka.[58]

The citizens of Mysore elect five representatives to the Legislative assembly of Karnataka through the constituencies of Chamaraja, Krishnaraja, Narasimharaja, Hunsur and Chamundeshwari.[59] Mysore city, being part of the larger Mysore Lok Sabha constituency, also elects one member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian Parliament. The politics in the city is dominated by three political parties: the Indian National Congress (INC), the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and the Janata Dal (Secular) (JDS).[59]

Demographics edit

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1891 74,648—    
1901 68,111−8.8%
1911 71,306+4.7%
1921 83,951+17.7%
1931 107,142+27.6%
1941 150,540+40.5%
1951 244,323+62.3%
1961 253,865+3.9%
1971 355,685+40.1%
1981 479,081+34.7%
1991 653,345+36.4%
2001 799,228+22.3%
2011 990,900+24.0%
20211,261,000+27.3%
Source: Census of India[60][61]
Religions in Mysore city (2011)[62]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 73.65%
Islam
 
 21.92%
Christianity
 
 2.71%
Jainism
 
 1.13%
Other or not stated
 
 0.59%

Languages of Mysore (2011)[63]

  Kannada (60.51%)
  Urdu (21.20%)
  Telugu (4.82%)
  Tamil (4.58%)
  Hindi (2.29%)
  Marathi (2.13%)
  Malayalam (1.37%)
  Others (3.10%)

As of 2011, Mysore city had an estimated population of 920,550 consisting of 461,042 males and 459,508 females, making it the third most populous city in Karnataka[64][65] Mysore urban agglomeration is the second largest urban agglomeration in the state[66] and is home to 1,060,120 people, consisting of 497,132 males and 493,762 females.[64] According to 2011 census, Mysore was the largest non-metropolitan city in India and had the highest basic infrastructure index of 2.846.[67] Mysore is estimated to have crossed 1 million in 2017 making it a Metropolitan city.[68] For the year 2022, the projected population of Mysuru Metropolitan Area, which includes Mysore City Corporation, Hootagalli City Municipal Council, and Bogadi, Srirampura, Rammanahalli and Kadakola Town Panchayats is 1,261,000,[69] as per the United Nation's World Urbanization Prospects - 2018.[70] The gender ratio of the city is 1000 females to every 1000 males and the population density is 6,910.5 per square kilometre (17,898/sq mi). According to the census of 2001, 73.65% of the city population are Hindus, 21.92% are Muslims, 2.71% are Christians, 1.13% are Jains and the remainder belong to other religions.[71] The population exceeded 100,000 in the census of 1931 and grew by 20.5 per cent in the decade 1991–2001. As of 2011, the literacy rate of the city is 86.84 per cent, which is higher than the state's average of 75.6 per cent.[64][72]Kannada is the most widely spoken language in the city. Approximately 19% of the population live below the poverty line, and 9% live in slums.[73] According to the 2001 census, 35.75% of the population in the urban areas of Karnataka are workers, but only 33.3% of the population of Mysore are.[74] Members of Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes constitute 15.1% of the population.[74] According to the National Crime Records Bureau of India, the number of cognisable crime incidents reported in Mysore during 2010 was 3,407 (second in the state, after Bangalore's 32,188), increasing from 3,183 incidents reported in 2009.[75][76]

The residents of the city are known as Mysoreans in English and Mysoorinavaru in Kannada. The dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over the sharing of Kaveri river water often leads to minor altercations and demonstrations in the city.[77] Growth in the information technology industry in Mysore has led to a change in the city's demographic profile; likely strains on the infrastructure and haphazard growth of the city resulting from the demographic change have been a cause of concern for some of its citizens.[78]

Education edit

 
Crawford Hall, University of Mysore

Before the advent of the European system of education in Mysore, Agraharas (Brahmin quarters) provided Vedic education to Hindus, and madrassas provided schooling for Muslims.[79]: 459  Modern education began in Mysore when a free English school was established in 1833.[80] Maharaja's College was founded in 1864. A high school exclusively for girls was established in 1881 and was later renamed Maharani's Women's College.[81] The Industrial School, the first institute for technical education in the city, was established in 1892; this was followed by the Chamarajendra Technical Institute in 1913.[79]: 601  While the modern system of education have made inroads, colleges such as the Mysore Sanskrit Pāthaśhāla, established in 1876, still continue to provide Vedic education.[79]: 595 

The education system was enhanced by the establishment of the University of Mysore in 1916.[82] This was the sixth university to be established in India and the first in Karnataka.[82] It was named Manasagangotri ("fountainhead of the Ganges of the mind") by the poet Kuvempu. The university caters to the districts of Mysore, Mandya, Hassan and Chamarajanagar in Karnataka. About 127 colleges, with a total of 53,000 students, are affiliated with the university.[83] Its alumni include Kuvempu, Gopalakrishna Adiga, S. L. Bhyrappa, U. R. Ananthamurthy and N.R. Narayana Murthy. Engineering education began in Mysore with the establishment in 1946 of the National Institute of Engineering, the second oldest engineering college in the state.[84] The Mysore Medical College, founded in 1924, was the first medical college to be started in Karnataka and the seventh in India.[85] National institutes in the city include te Central Food Technological Research Institute, the Central Institute of Indian Languages, the Defence Food Research Laboratory, and the All India Institute of Speech and Hearing.[42]: 18  The city houses a campus multi-campus, multi-disciplinary private deemed university, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham.[86]

Universities edit

Established University Type Level Specialisation
1916 University of Mysore Public Undergraduate, Post-Graduate, and Doctoral Research Multi-disciplinary
2008 JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Private
1948 National Institute of Engineering Private
2016 JSS Science and Technology University Private
1996 Karnataka State Open University Public
2008 Karnataka State Music University Public Undergraduate and Post-Graduate Music

Autonomous institutes edit

Established Institute Type Commissioning Body/Affiliation Level Specialisation
1992 Mahajana Law College Private Affiliated to Mysore University Undergraduate, LLB Law
1924 Mysore Medical College & Research Institute Public Affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate, and doctoral research Medicine
1928 Yuvaraja's College, Mysore Public University of Mysore Basic Science
1946 National Institute of Engineering Government-aided private Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Undergraduate, post-graduate Engineering
1950 Central Food Technological Research Institute Public Set up by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Research and development Food technology
1961 Defence Food Research Laboratory Set up by the Defence Research and Development Organisation Defence and contingency food technology
1963 Regional Institute of Education, Mysore (NCERT) Government Affiliated to University of Mysore Undergraduate, Post-graduate and Research in the field of Teacher Education Educational Training and Research
1963 Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering Government-aided private Affiliated to JSS Science and Technology University and All India Council for Technical Education Undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate, and doctoral research Engineering and Science
1966 All India Institute of Speech and Hearing Public Commissioned by the Central Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Audiology, speech, and hearing
1984 JSS Medical College Private JSS University Medicine
1945 Sarada Vilas College Private Affiliated to Mysore University Undergraduate, Graduate, LLB, Pharmacy Educational
1997 Vidya Vardhaka College of Engineering Private Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Undergraduate, Post Graduate, Research and Development Engineering

Economy edit

Further information: Economy of the Kingdom of Mysore and Mysore silk
 
Infosys office at Hebbal, Mysore

Tourism and IT are the major industries in Mysore. The city attracted about 3.15 million tourists in 2010.[87] Mysore has traditionally been home to industries such as weaving, sandalwood carving, bronze work and the production of lime and salt.[88] It has many big IT companies like Infosys and Wipro. The planned industrial growth of the city and the state was first envisaged at the Mysore economic conference in 1911.[88][89] This led to the establishment of industries such as the Mysore Sandalwood Oil Factory in 1917 and the Sri Krishnarajendra Mills in 1920.[79]: 270, 278  Mysore has emerged as an industrial hub in Karnataka next to Bangalore. Mysore is part of the Bidar-Mysore Industrial Corridor. Major drivers of the economy are tourism, finance, manufacturing and industry which includes chemicals, petrochemicals, machinery, automobile, engineering, textiles and food processing sectors. A new industrial corridor plan is underway between Mysore and Bangalore.[90]

For the industrial development of the city, the Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board (KIADB) has established four industrial areas in and around Mysore, in the Belagola, Belawadi, Hebbal and Hootagalli areas.[91] One of the major industrial areas near Mysore is Nanjangud which will be a satellite town to Mysore. Nanjangud industrial area hosts a number of industries like AT&S India Pvt Ltd, Nestle India ltd, Reid and Taylor, Jubiliant, TVS, and Asian Paints. Nanjangud Industrial area also boasts being 2nd highest VAT / Sales Taxpayer which is more than ₹4 billion (US$50 million) after Peenya which is in state capital Bangalore. JK Tyre has its manufacturing facility in Mysore.[92] The city has emerged as a hub of automobile industries in Karnataka.

The major software companies in Mysore are Infosys, ArisGlobal, Larsen & Toubro Infotech, Excelsoft Technologies and Triveni Engineering.[93][94][95] The growth of the information technology industry in the first decade of the 21st century has resulted in the city emerging as the second largest software exporter in Karnataka (as of), next to Bangalore.[96][97] Mysore also has many shopping malls, including the Mall of Mysore which is one of the largest malls in India and Karnataka. Retail is also a major part of the economy in Mysore.

Mysore also hosts many central government organisations like CFTRI, DFRL, CIPET, BEML,[98] RMP (Rare Material Project), RBI Note printing Press and RBI Paper Printing Press.

Culture edit

Main article: Culture of Mysore
 
Mysore painting depicting the goddess Saraswati

Referred to as the cultural capital of Karnataka, Mysore is well known for the festivities that take place during the period of Dasara; the state festival of Karnataka. The Dasara festivities, which are celebrated over a ten-day period, were first introduced by King Raja Wodeyar I in 1610.[99] On the ninth day of Dasara, called Mahanavami, the royal sword is worshipped and is taken on a procession of decorated elephants, camels and horses.[99] On the tenth day, called Vijayadashami, the traditional Dasara procession (locally known as Jumboo Savari) is held on the streets of Mysore which usually falls in the month of September or October. The idol of the goddess Chamundeshwari is placed on a golden mantapa on the back of a decorated elephant and taken on a procession, accompanied by tabla, dance groups, music bands, decorated elephants, horses and camels.[99] The procession starts from the Mysore Palace and culminates at a place called Bannimantapa, where the banni tree (Prosopis spicigera) is worshipped.[99] The Dasara festivities culminate on the night of Vijayadashami with a torchlight parade, known locally as Panjina Kavayatthu.[99]

Mysore is called the City of Palaces because of several ornate examples in the city. Among the most notable are Amba Vilas, popularly known as Mysore Palace; Jaganmohana Palace, which also serves as an art gallery; Rajendra Vilas, also known as the summer palace; Lalitha Mahal, which has been converted into a hotel; and Jayalakshmi Vilas.[100]: 87–88  The palace of Mysore burned down in 1897, and the present structure was built on the same site. Amba Vilas palace exhibits an Indo-Saracenic style of architecture on the outside, but a distinctly Hoysala style in the interior.[100]: 82  Even though the Government of Karnataka maintains the Mysore palace, a small portion has been allocated for the erstwhile royal family to live in. The Jayalakshmi Vilas Mansion was constructed by Sri Chamaraja Wodeyar for his daughter Jayalakshammanni. It is now a museum dedicated to folk culture and artefacts of the royal family.[101]

 
Mysore silk sari

The Mysore painting style is an offshoot of the Vijayanagar school of painting, and King Raja Wodeyar (1578–1617 CE) is credited with having been its patron.[102]: 1  The distinctive feature of these paintings is the gesso work, to which gold foil is applied.[102]: 3  Mysore is known for rosewood inlay work; around 4,000 craftsmen were involved in this art in 2002.[103] The city lends its name to the Mysore silk sari, a women's garment made with pure silk and gold zari (thread).[104] Mysore Peta, the traditional indigenous turban worn by the erstwhile rulers of Mysore, is worn by men in some traditional ceremonies. A notable local dessert that traces its history to the kitchen in the Mysore palace is Mysore pak.

Mysore is the location of the International Ganjifa Research Centre, which researches the ancient card game Ganjifa and the art associated with it.[105] The Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts (CAVA) offers education in visual art forms such as painting, graphics, sculpture, applied art, photography, photojournalism and art history. The Rangayana repertory company performs plays and offers certificate courses in subjects related to theatre.[106][107] Kannada writers Kuvempu, Gopalakrishna Adiga and U. R. Ananthamurthy were educated in Mysore and served as professors at the Mysore University.[108] R. K. Narayan, a popular English-language novelist and creator of the fictional town of Malgudi, and his cartoonist brother R. K. Laxman spent much of their life in Mysore.[109]

 
Ambavilas Palace known as Mysore Palace, is a historical royal residence of the Wadiyar dynasty of the Kingdom of Mysore which once ruled most of present day Karnataka

Transport edit

Main article: Transport in Mysore

Road edit

 
Warli paintings on Mysore roads

Mysore is connected by National Highway 212 (India) to the state border town of Gundlupet, where the road forks into the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.[110]: 1  State Highway 17, which connects Mysore to Bangalore, was upgraded to a four-lane highway in 2006, reducing travel time between the two cities.[111] A project was planned in 1994 to construct a new expressway to connect Bangalore and Mysore. After numerous legal hurdles, it remains unfinished as of 2012.[112][113] State Highway 33 and National Highway 275 which connect Mysore to H D Kote and Mangalore respectively.[114] The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) and other private agencies operate buses both within the city and between cities. A new division of KSRTC called Mysore City Transport Corporation (MCTC) has been proposed. Within the city, buses are cheap and popular means of transport, auto-rickshaws are also available and tongas (horse-drawn carriages) are popular with tourists.[115] Mysore also has a 42.5-kilometre (26.4 mi) long ring road that is being upgraded to six lanes by the MUDA.[116] Mysore has implemented Intelligent Transport System (ITS) to manage its city buses and ferrying commuters.[117]

Trin Trin PBS edit

 
A bicycle docking station

A public bicycle-sharing system, Trin Trin, funded partially by the United Nations is popular mode of transport.[118] It is a government project. It is the first public bike-sharing system throughout India. The key objective of Trin Trin is to encourage local commuters, as well as visitors, to use the bicycle in preference to motorised modes of travel and thereby help scale down the multifarious environmental and road-traffic hazards, enhance conveyance convenience, and make local daily commutes economical for the common citizen.[119]

Rail edit

 
Mysore Junction

Mysore railway station has three lines, connecting it to Bangalore, Mangalore, and Chamarajanagar. The first railway line established in the city was the Bangalore–Mysore Junction metre gauge line, which was commissioned in 1882.[120] Railway lines that connect the city to Chamarajanagara and Mangalore are unelectrified single track and the track that connects to Bengaluru is electrified double track.[121] Mysore Railway Junction comes under the jurisdiction of South Western Railway Zone.[122] Within the city limits of Mysore, there are two small stations in the line which connects Chamarajanagara. They are Ashokpuram and Chamarajapuram.[123][124] The fastest train to serve the city is the Shatabdi Express which goes to Chennai via Bangalore.[125] A satellite terminal is planned at Naganahalli to reduce congestion in the main railway station. On 20 June 2022, Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation to upgrade the present city railway junction with ₹385 crore, to construct another three platforms, four pit lines and four stabling line to make nine platforms in the city junction and Naganahali station to build a coach complex and MEMU hub and two more platforms to solve congestion in the city railway junction.[126]

Air edit

 
Mysore Airport

Mysore Airport is a domestic airport and is located near the village of Mandakalli, 10 kilometres 10 km (6 mi) south of the centre of the city.[127] It was built by the kings of Mysore in early 1940s.[128] Mysore Airport currently serves the city of Mysore and is connected to multiple domestic locations including Bangalore,[129] Chennai,[130] Goa, Hubli, Hyderabad,[131] Kochi and Mangalore. The current runway is not able to handle big flights and hence a runway expansion is about to take place expanding the runway from 1.7 km to 2.8 km and will be upgraded to international airport after the expansion.[132] The nearest International airport is Bangalore Airport.

Media edit

 
Oriental Library

Newspaper publishing in Mysore started in 1859 when Bhashyam Bhashyacharya began publishing a weekly newspaper in Kannada called the Mysooru Vrittanta Bodhini,[133] the first of a number of weekly newspapers published in the following three decades.[133] A well-known Mysore publisher during Wodeyar rule was M. Venkatakrishnaiah, known as the father of Kannada journalism, who started several news magazines.[134] Many local newspapers are published in Mysore and carry news mostly related to the city and its surroundings,[135] and national and regional dailies in English and Kannada are available, as in the other parts of the state. Sudharma, the only Indian daily newspaper in Sanskrit, is published in Mysore.[136]

Mysore was the location of the first private radio broadcasting station in India when Akashavani (voice from the sky) was established in the city on 10 September 1935 by M.V. Gopalaswamy, a professor of psychology, at his house in the Vontikoppal area of Mysore, using a 50-watt transmitter.[137][138] The station was taken over by the princely state of Mysore in 1941 and was moved to Bangalore in 1955. In 1957, Akashvani was chosen as the official name of All India Radio (AIR), the radio broadcaster of the Government of India. The AIR station at Mysore broadcasts an FM radio channel at 100.6 MHz,[139] and Gyan Vani broadcasts on 105.6.[140] BIG FM, Radio Mirchi and Red FM are the three private FM channels operating in the city.[141]

Mysore started receiving television broadcasts in the early 1980s, when Doordarshan (public service broadcaster of the Indian government) started broadcasting its national channel all over India. This was the only channel available to Mysoreans until Star TV started satellite channels in 1991. Direct-to-home channels are now available in Mysore.[142]

Notable people edit

Sports edit

The Wodeyar kings of Mysore were patrons of games and sports. King Krishnaraja Wodeyar III had a passion for indoor games. He invented new board games and popularised the ganjifa card game.[143] Malla-yuddha (traditional wrestling) has a history in Mysore dating back to the 16th century.[144] The wrestling competition held in Mysore during the Dasara celebrations attracts wrestlers from all over India. An annual sports meeting is organised there during the Dasara season too.[145]

In 1997 Mysore and Bangalore co-hosted the city's biggest sports event ever, the National Games of India. Mysore was the venue for six sports: archery, gymnastics, equestrianism, handball, table tennis and wrestling.[146] Cricket is by far the most popular sport in Mysore.[147][148] The city has five established cricket grounds.[149] Javagal Srinath, who represented India for several years as its frontline fast bowler, comes from Mysore.[150] Other prominent sportsmen from the city are Prahlad Srinath, who has represented India in Davis Cup tennis tournaments; Reeth Abraham, a national champion in the heptathlon and a long jump record holder; Sagar Kashyap, the youngest Indian to officiate at the Wimbledon Championships; and Rahul Ganapathy, a national amateur golf champion.[151][152][153][154] The Mysore race course hosts a racing season each year from August through October.[155] India's first youth hostel was formed in the Maharaja's College Hostel in 1949.[156]

Tourism edit

 
Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens
 
St. Philomena's Church

Mysore is a major tourist destination in its own right and serves as a base for other tourist attractions in the vicinity.[37] The city receives many tourists during the ten-day Dasara festival.[157] One of the most visited monuments in India, the Amba Vilas Palace, or Mysore Palace, is the centre of the Dasara festivities.[158] The Jaganmohana Palace, The Sand Sculpture Museum the Jayalakshmi Vilas and the Lalitha Mahal are other palaces in the city.[159] Chamundeshwari Temple, atop the Chamundi Hills, and St. Philomena's Church, Wesley's Cathedral are notable religious places in Mysore.[37]

 
Temple carvings at Keshava Temple Somnathapura

The Mysore Zoo, established in 1892,[160] the Karanji, Kukkarahalli and the Blue Lagoon Lake are popular recreational destinations. Blue Lagoon is a lake with a mini island located behind the KRS water dam, from which it is mesmerising to watch the sunset and sunrise.[37][161] Mysore has the Regional Museum of Natural History, the Folk Lore Museum, the Railway Museum and the Oriental Research Institute. The city is a centre for yoga-related health tourism that attracts domestic and foreign visitors, particularly those who, for years, came to study with the late Ashtanga vinyasa yoga guru K. Pattabhi Jois.[162]

A short distance from Mysore city is the neighbouring Mandya District's Krishnarajasagar Dam and the adjoining Brindavan Gardens, where a musical fountain show is held every evening. Places of historic importance close to Mysore are Mandya District's Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna. And other historical places are Somanathapura and Talakad.[37] B R Hills, Himavad Gopalaswamy Betta hill and the hill stations of Ooty, Sultan Bathery and Madikeri are close to Mysore. Popular destinations for wildlife enthusiasts near Mysore include the Nagarahole National Park, the wildlife sanctuaries at Melkote, Mandya and B R Hills and the bird sanctuaries at Ranganathittu, Mandya and Kokrebellur, Mandya.[163] Bandipur National Park and Mudumalai National Park in Tamil Nadu, which are sanctuaries for gaur, chital, elephants, tigers, leopards and other threatened species, lie between 60 and 100 kilometres (37 and 62 mi) to the south. Other tourist spots near Mysore include the religious locations of Nanjanagud and Bylakuppe and the waterfalls at neighbouring districts of Mandya's Shivanasamudra.

Sister cities edit

See also edit

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Bibliography edit

  • Popular Museums in Mysore—Ixigo
  • Javare Gowda, Deve Gowda (1998) [1998]. Village Names of Mysore District: An Analytical Study. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-1390-2.
  • Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) [1980]. A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. LCCN 80905179. OCLC 7796041.
  • Nair, Janaki (2011). Mysore Modern: Rethinking the Region Under Princely Rule. Minneapolis, US: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-7383-4.
  • Raman, Afried (1994). . Hyderabad, India: Orient Longman. ISBN 0-86311-431-8. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2007.
  • Rao, C. Hayavadana (1927). Mysore Gazetteer. Bangalore: Government Press, Mysore state.
  • Rice, B. L. (1876). Mysore and Coorg: Mysore, by districts. Mysore: Mysore Government Press. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  • Rice, B. L. (2001) [1897]. Mysore Gazetteer Compiled for Government-vol 1. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-0977-8.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mysore.
 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Mysore.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Mysore.
  • Mysore City Corporation
  • Mysore District Information
  • Mysore at Curlie

November 08, 2023
mysore, this, article, about, city, karnataka, india, other, uses, disambiguation, ɔːr, officially, mysuru, kannada, ˈmaɪˈsuːɾu, metropolitan, city, southern, indian, state, karnataka, third, most, populous, third, largest, city, state, cleanest, cities, india. This article is about the city in Karnataka India For other uses see Mysore disambiguation Mysore m aɪ ˈ s ɔːr my SOR officially Mysuru Kannada ˈmaɪˈsuːɾu is a metropolitan city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka 5 It is the third most populous and third largest city in the state 6 and is one of the cleanest cities in India It is the seat of the Wadiyar dynasty and was the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore for almost six centuries from 1399 until 1947 It is currently the headquarters of Mysore district and Mysore division Known for its heritage structures and palaces including the famous Mysore Palace and noted for its culture Mysore is popularly known as the City of Palaces the Heritage City 7 and the Cultural Capital of Karnataka 8 For its pristine and calm ambience it is also known as Pensioners Paradise 9 tone MysoreMetropolitan CityMysuruClockwise from top Mysore Palace Shivanasamudra Falls Infosys Multiplex Brindavan Gardens at Mandya Somanathapura Lalitha Mahal St Philomena s Cathedral and Chamundeshwari Temple Nicknames Heritage City City of Palaces The Cultural capital of Karnataka Sandalwood City 1 City of Jasmine Mysore CityCoordinates 12 18 31 N 76 39 11 E 12 30861 N 76 65306 E 12 30861 76 65306CountryIndiaStateKarnatakaDivisionMysoreDistrictMysoreGovernment TypeMunicipal Corporation BodyMysore City Corporation MayorShivakumar 2 BJP Deputy MayorG Roopa 2 Area Metropolitan City112 81 km2 110 5 sq mi Rural703 km2 271 sq mi Metro156 km2 60 sq mi Elevation770 m 2 503 ft Population 2011 Metropolitan City920 550 Density8 200 km2 8 300 sq mi Rural388 706 3 Metro93 677Demonym s Mysorean MysurinavaruTime zoneUTC 05 30 IST Postal Index Number570 0xxVehicle registrationKA 09 KA 55Telephone91 0 821 XXX XXXXUN LOCODEIN MYQ MYSOfficial languageKannada 4 Websitewww wbr mysurucity wbr mrc wbr gov wbr inMysore is situated at the foothills of the Chamundi Hills At an altitude of 770 m 2 530 ft above mean sea level the city of Mysore is geographically located at 12 18 26 north latitude and 76 38 59 east longitude It is about 140 km 87 0 mi southwest of the state s capital Bangalore and spreads across an area of 156 km2 60 sq mi City neighbouring census towns 10 The population of the city combined with its neighbouring towns in its metropolitan area is about 12 88 000 in 2023 11 Most of the city s development during modern times could be attributed to the maharajas of Mysore and the Wadiyar dynasty who were patrons of art and culture Hyder Ali and Tipu when they were briefly in power in succession also contributed significantly to the economic growth of the city and the kingdom by planting mulberry trees and silk in the region and fighting four wars against the British In present days the Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city During the Dasara festivals Mysore receives hundreds of thousands of tourists from around the world The city is also the namesake to various art forms and culture such as Mysore Dasara and Mysore painting eateries such as the sweet delicacy Mysore Pak breakfasts like Mysore Dosa and Mysore Masala Dosa brands such as Mysore Sandal Soap Mysore Paints and styles and cosmetics such as Mysore Peta a traditional silk turban and the Mysore silk saris Mysore is also known for betel leaves and its own special variety of jasmine flower fondly referred to as Mysore Mallige Tourism is a lifeline industry for the city alongside the traditional industries Mysore s intracity public transportation includes bus and intercity public transportation includes rail bus and air 12 Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Geography 3 1 Area and extent 3 2 Climate 3 3 Rainfall 4 Administration and utilities 5 Demographics 6 Education 6 1 Universities 6 2 Autonomous institutes 7 Economy 8 Culture 9 Transport 9 1 Road 9 2 Trin Trin PBS 9 3 Rail 9 4 Air 10 Media 11 Notable people 12 Sports 13 Tourism 14 Sister cities 15 See also 16 References 16 1 Bibliography 17 External linksEtymology editThe name Mysore is an anglicised form of Mahiṣuru 13 which means the abode of Mahiṣa in the vernacular Kannada The common noun Mahiṣa in Sanskrit means buffalo in this context however Mahiṣa refers to Mahishasura a mythical demon who could assume the form of either a human or a buffalo and who according to Hindu mythology ruled the ancient parts of Mysore Kingdom known in Sanskrit as Mahiṣaka centred at Mahiṣapura 13 He was killed by the goddess Chamundeshwari whose temple is situated atop the Chamundi Hills after whom it is named Mahishapura 14 later became Mahisuru a name which even now the royal family uses and finally came to be rendered as Mysore by the British and Maisuru Mysuru in the vernacular Kannada language 15 In December 2005 the Government of Karnataka announced its intention to change the English name of the city to Mysuru 16 This was approved by the Government of India in October 2014 and Mysore was officially renamed along with twelve other cities on 1 November 2014 17 18 19 20 History editFurther information Kingdom of Mysore nbsp Chamundeshwari Temple dedicated to Goddess Chamundeshwari tutelary deity of Mysore city nbsp Map of Mysore and nearby Srirangapatna c 1914The site where Mysore Palace now stands was occupied by a village named Puragere at the beginning of the 16th century 21 281 The Mahishuru Fort was constructed in 1524 by Chamaraja Wodeyar III 1513 1553 21 257 who passed on the dominion of Puragere to his son Chamaraja Wodeyar IV 1572 1576 Since the 16th century the name of Mayashuru has commonly been used to denote the city 22 31 The Kingdom of Mysore governed by the Wodeyar family initially served as a vassal state of the Vijayanagara Empire With the decline of that empire after the Battle of Talikota in 1565 the Mysore Kingdom gradually achieved independence and by the time of King Narasaraja Wodeyar 1637 it had become a sovereign state 23 228 Seringapatam near Mysore the present day Srirangapatna was the capital of the kingdom beginning in 1610 21 257 The 17th century saw a steady expansion of its territory and under Narasaraja Wodeyar I and Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar the kingdom annexed large areas of what is now southern Karnataka and parts of Tamil Nadu to become a powerful state in the southern Deccan The kingdom reached the height of its military power and dominion in the latter half of the 18th century under the de facto rulers Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan The latter demolished parts of Mysore to remove legacies of the Wodeyar dynasty 21 257 During this time the kingdom of Mysore came into conflict with the Marathas the British and the Nizam of Hyderabad leading to the four Anglo Mysore wars success in the first two of which was followed by defeat in the third and fourth After Tipu Sultan s death in the Fourth Anglo Mysore War in 1799 the capital of the kingdom was moved back to Mysore from Seringapatam 23 249 and the kingdom was distributed by the British to their allies of the Fourth Anglo Mysore War Part of the kingdom was annexed into the Madras Presidency another to the Nizam of Hyderabad The landlocked interior of the defeated kingdom of Mysore was turned into a princely state under the suzerainty of the British Crown 23 249 with the five year old Wodeyar Krishnaraja III as titular ruler and with Purnaiah who had served under Tipu as chief minister or Diwan and Lt Col Barry Close as Resident The British took control of Mysore s foreign policy and insisted on an annual tribute for maintaining a standing British army at Mysore 24 25 26 Purnaiah is credited with improving Mysore s public works 23 In 1831 claiming there was maladministration the British took direct control of the princely state 27 28 For the next fifty years the kingdom of Mysore was under the direct rule of British Commissioners 29 and in 1831 the city of Mysore lost its status as the administrative centre when the British Commissioner moved the capital to Bangalore 23 251 In 1876 77 towards the end of the period of direct British rule Mysore suffered from the Great Famine of 1876 1878 in which nearly a fifth of the population died 30 In 1881 Maharaja Chamaraja Wadiyar X was given control of Mysore in a process called rendition but with a resident British officer and a diwan to handle the Maharaja s administration 31 and the city of Mysore regained its status as the capital 23 254 The Mysore municipality was established in 1888 and the city was divided into eight wards 22 283 In 1897 an outbreak of bubonic plague killed nearly half of the population of the city 32 With the establishment of the City Improvement Trust Board CITB in 1903 Mysore became one of the first cities in Asia to undertake planned urban development 33 Public demonstrations and meetings were held there during the Quit India movement and other phases of the Indian independence movement 34 Until the independence of British India which did not include Mysore in 1947 Mysore remained a Princely State within the British Indian Empire with the Wodeyars continuing their rule 31 After Indian Independence Mysore city remained as part of the Mysore State now known as Karnataka Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar then king of Mysore was allowed to retain his titles and was nominated as the Rajapramukh appointed governor of the state with a 20 000 payment 35 He died in September 1974 and was cremated in Mysore 36 Over the years Mysore became well known as a centre for tourism the city remained largely peaceful except for occasional riots related to the Kaveri River Water Dispute 37 Among the events that took place in Mysore and made national headlines were a fire at a television studio that claimed 62 lives in 1989 38 and the sudden deaths of many animals at the Mysore Zoo 39 Geography editArea and extent edit nbsp View of the city from Chamundi Hills nbsp Mysore Palace seen from Chamundi Hill Viewpoint at nightMysore is located at 12 18 N 74 39 E 12 30 N 74 65 E 12 30 74 65 and has an average altitude of 770 metres 2 526 ft 40 It is spread across an area of 286 05 km2 110 sq mi 41 4 at the base of the Chamundi Hills in the southern region of Karnataka Mysore is the southernmost city of Karnataka and is a neighbouring city of the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the south flanked by the state cities Madikeri Chamarajanagara and Mandya People in and around Mysore extensively use Kannada as a medium of language Mysore has several lakes such as the Kukkarahalli the Karanji and the Lingambudhi lakes Mysore has The Biggest Walk Through Aviary called Karanji Lake in India In 2001 total land area usage in Mysore city was 39 9 residential 16 1 roads 13 74 parks and open spaces 13 48 industrial 8 96 public property 3 02 commercial 2 27 agriculture and 2 02 water 42 35 The city is located between two rivers the Kaveri River that flows through the north of the city and the Kabini River a tributary of the Kaveri that lies to the south Climate edit Mysore has a tropical savanna climate Aw bordering on a hot semi arid climate BSh under the Koppen climate classification The main seasons are Summer from March to May the monsoon season from June to October and winter from November to February 40 The highest temperature recorded in Mysore was 39 4 C 103 F on 4 April 1917 and the lowest was 7 7 C 46 F on 16 January 2012 43 44 45 The city s average annual rainfall is 798 6 mm 31 4 in Climate data for Mysore 1981 2010 extremes 1901 2012 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 32 8 91 0 36 1 97 0 37 8 100 0 39 4 102 9 39 0 102 2 37 4 99 3 35 8 96 4 33 9 93 0 33 5 92 3 35 0 95 0 32 2 90 0 32 0 89 6 39 4 102 9 Average high C F 28 9 84 0 31 1 88 0 33 3 91 9 34 2 93 6 33 4 92 1 29 7 85 5 28 5 83 3 28 3 82 9 29 4 84 9 29 1 84 4 28 5 83 3 28 0 82 4 30 2 86 4 Average low C F 16 3 61 3 17 5 63 5 19 4 66 9 20 9 69 6 21 0 69 8 20 1 68 2 19 6 67 3 19 6 67 3 19 6 67 3 19 7 67 5 18 6 65 5 16 8 62 2 19 1 66 4 Record low C F 7 7 45 9 8 6 47 5 10 4 50 7 14 9 58 8 15 6 60 1 12 6 54 7 15 8 60 4 16 5 61 7 13 4 56 1 12 9 55 2 9 6 49 3 8 7 47 7 7 7 45 9 Average rainfall mm inches 1 5 0 06 2 9 0 11 9 8 0 39 70 6 2 78 114 9 4 52 74 6 2 94 80 3 3 16 88 4 3 48 110 7 4 36 164 5 6 48 64 9 2 56 15 7 0 62 798 6 31 44 Average rainy days 0 3 0 3 0 9 3 9 6 6 6 2 8 0 7 2 7 5 8 8 4 3 1 3 55 2Average relative humidity at 17 30 IST 49 47 43 49 58 71 74 73 70 69 66 60 61Average ultraviolet index 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 12Source 1 India Meteorological Department 46 47 Source 2 Weather Atlas 48 Rainfall edit As per Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre Mysore taluk has been divided into 4 hoblis In 2022 the rainfall received by these hoblis are as follows Mysore 1 358 millimetres 53 5 in Elivala 1 257 millimetres 49 5 in Jayapura 1 405 millimetres 55 3 in Varuna 1 383 millimetres 54 4 in 49 Overall Mysore taluk received 67 of excess rainfall in the year 2022 Administration and utilities editMain article Mysore City Corporation nbsp Mysore Palace nbsp Mysore Taluk Map as per 2011 CensusThe civic administration of the city is managed by the Mysore City Corporation which was established as a municipality in 1888 and converted into a corporation in 1977 Overseeing engineering works health sanitation water supply administration and taxation the corporation is headed by a Mayor who is assisted by commissioners and council members 42 43 The city is divided into 65 wards and the council members also known as corporators are elected by the citizens of Mysore every five years 50 The council members in turn elect the mayor The annual budget of the corporation for the year 2011 2012 was 4 27 billion equivalent to 8 8 billion or US 110 million in 2023 51 Among 63 cities covered under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission Mysore City Corporation was adjudged the second best city municipal corporation and was given the Nagara Ratna award in 2011 52 Urban growth and expansion is managed by the Mysore Urban Development Authority MUDA which is headed by a commissioner Its activities include developing new layouts and roads town planning and land acquisition One of the major projects undertaken by MUDA is the creation of an Outer Ring Road to ease traffic congestion 53 Citizens of Mysore have criticised MUDA for its inability to prevent land mafias and ensure lawful distribution of housing lands among city residents 54 The Chamundeshwari Electricity Supply Corporation is responsible for electric supply to the city 55 Drinking water for Mysore is sourced from the Kaveri and Kabini rivers 42 53 The city got its first piped water supply when the Belagola project was commissioned in 1896 56 As of 2011 update Mysore gets 193 000 cubic metres 42 5 million imperial gallons of water per day Mysore sometimes faces water crises mainly during the summer months March June and in years of low rainfall 57 The city has had an underground drainage system since 1904 The entire sewage from the city drains into four valleys Kesare Malalavadi Dalavai and Belavatha 42 56 In an exercise carried out by the Urban Development Ministry under the national urban sanitation policy Mysore was rated the second cleanest city in India in 2010 and the cleanest in Karnataka 58 The citizens of Mysore elect five representatives to the Legislative assembly of Karnataka through the constituencies of Chamaraja Krishnaraja Narasimharaja Hunsur and Chamundeshwari 59 Mysore city being part of the larger Mysore Lok Sabha constituency also elects one member to the Lok Sabha the lower house of the Indian Parliament The politics in the city is dominated by three political parties the Indian National Congress INC the Bharatiya Janata Party BJP and the Janata Dal Secular JDS 59 Demographics editHistorical populationYearPop 189174 648 190168 111 8 8 191171 306 4 7 192183 951 17 7 1931107 142 27 6 1941150 540 40 5 1951244 323 62 3 1961253 865 3 9 1971355 685 40 1 1981479 081 34 7 1991653 345 36 4 2001799 228 22 3 2011990 900 24 0 20211 261 000 27 3 Source Census of India 60 61 Religions in Mysore city 2011 62 Religion PercentHinduism 73 65 Islam 21 92 Christianity 2 71 Jainism 1 13 Other or not stated 0 59 Languages of Mysore 2011 63 Kannada 60 51 Urdu 21 20 Telugu 4 82 Tamil 4 58 Hindi 2 29 Marathi 2 13 Malayalam 1 37 Others 3 10 As of 2011 update Mysore city had an estimated population of 920 550 consisting of 461 042 males and 459 508 females making it the third most populous city in Karnataka 64 65 Mysore urban agglomeration is the second largest urban agglomeration in the state 66 and is home to 1 060 120 people consisting of 497 132 males and 493 762 females 64 According to 2011 census Mysore was the largest non metropolitan city in India and had the highest basic infrastructure index of 2 846 67 Mysore is estimated to have crossed 1 million in 2017 making it a Metropolitan city 68 For the year 2022 the projected population of Mysuru Metropolitan Area which includes Mysore City Corporation Hootagalli City Municipal Council and Bogadi Srirampura Rammanahalli and Kadakola Town Panchayats is 1 261 000 69 as per the United Nation s World Urbanization Prospects 2018 70 The gender ratio of the city is 1000 females to every 1000 males and the population density is 6 910 5 per square kilometre 17 898 sq mi According to the census of 2001 73 65 of the city population are Hindus 21 92 are Muslims 2 71 are Christians 1 13 are Jains and the remainder belong to other religions 71 The population exceeded 100 000 in the census of 1931 and grew by 20 5 per cent in the decade 1991 2001 As of 2011 update the literacy rate of the city is 86 84 per cent which is higher than the state s average of 75 6 per cent 64 72 Kannada is the most widely spoken language in the city Approximately 19 of the population live below the poverty line and 9 live in slums 73 According to the 2001 census 35 75 of the population in the urban areas of Karnataka are workers but only 33 3 of the population of Mysore are 74 Members of Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes constitute 15 1 of the population 74 According to the National Crime Records Bureau of India the number of cognisable crime incidents reported in Mysore during 2010 was 3 407 second in the state after Bangalore s 32 188 increasing from 3 183 incidents reported in 2009 75 76 The residents of the city are known as Mysoreans in English and Mysoorinavaru in Kannada The dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over the sharing of Kaveri river water often leads to minor altercations and demonstrations in the city 77 Growth in the information technology industry in Mysore has led to a change in the city s demographic profile likely strains on the infrastructure and haphazard growth of the city resulting from the demographic change have been a cause of concern for some of its citizens 78 Education edit nbsp Crawford Hall University of MysoreBefore the advent of the European system of education in Mysore Agraharas Brahmin quarters provided Vedic education to Hindus and madrassas provided schooling for Muslims 79 459 Modern education began in Mysore when a free English school was established in 1833 80 Maharaja s College was founded in 1864 A high school exclusively for girls was established in 1881 and was later renamed Maharani s Women s College 81 The Industrial School the first institute for technical education in the city was established in 1892 this was followed by the Chamarajendra Technical Institute in 1913 79 601 While the modern system of education have made inroads colleges such as the Mysore Sanskrit Pathashala established in 1876 still continue to provide Vedic education 79 595 The education system was enhanced by the establishment of the University of Mysore in 1916 82 This was the sixth university to be established in India and the first in Karnataka 82 It was named Manasagangotri fountainhead of the Ganges of the mind by the poet Kuvempu The university caters to the districts of Mysore Mandya Hassan and Chamarajanagar in Karnataka About 127 colleges with a total of 53 000 students are affiliated with the university 83 Its alumni include Kuvempu Gopalakrishna Adiga S L Bhyrappa U R Ananthamurthy and N R Narayana Murthy Engineering education began in Mysore with the establishment in 1946 of the National Institute of Engineering the second oldest engineering college in the state 84 The Mysore Medical College founded in 1924 was the first medical college to be started in Karnataka and the seventh in India 85 National institutes in the city include te Central Food Technological Research Institute the Central Institute of Indian Languages the Defence Food Research Laboratory and the All India Institute of Speech and Hearing 42 18 The city houses a campus multi campus multi disciplinary private deemed university Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham 86 Universities edit Established University Type Level Specialisation1916 University of Mysore Public Undergraduate Post Graduate and Doctoral Research Multi disciplinary2008 JSS Academy of Higher Education amp Research Private1948 National Institute of Engineering Private2016 JSS Science and Technology University Private1996 Karnataka State Open University Public2008 Karnataka State Music University Public Undergraduate and Post Graduate MusicAutonomous institutes edit Established Institute Type Commissioning Body Affiliation Level Specialisation1992 Mahajana Law College Private Affiliated to Mysore University Undergraduate LLB Law1924 Mysore Medical College amp Research Institute Public Affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Undergraduate graduate post graduate and doctoral research Medicine1928 Yuvaraja s College Mysore Public University of Mysore Basic Science1946 National Institute of Engineering Government aided private Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Undergraduate post graduate Engineering1950 Central Food Technological Research Institute Public Set up by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Research and development Food technology1961 Defence Food Research Laboratory Set up by the Defence Research and Development Organisation Defence and contingency food technology1963 Regional Institute of Education Mysore NCERT Government Affiliated to University of Mysore Undergraduate Post graduate and Research in the field of Teacher Education Educational Training and Research1963 Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering Government aided private Affiliated to JSS Science and Technology University and All India Council for Technical Education Undergraduate graduate post graduate and doctoral research Engineering and Science1966 All India Institute of Speech and Hearing Public Commissioned by the Central Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Audiology speech and hearing1984 JSS Medical College Private JSS University Medicine1945 Sarada Vilas College Private Affiliated to Mysore University Undergraduate Graduate LLB Pharmacy Educational1997 Vidya Vardhaka College of Engineering Private Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Undergraduate Post Graduate Research and Development EngineeringEconomy editFurther information Economy of the Kingdom of Mysore and Mysore silk nbsp Infosys office at Hebbal MysoreTourism and IT are the major industries in Mysore The city attracted about 3 15 million tourists in 2010 87 Mysore has traditionally been home to industries such as weaving sandalwood carving bronze work and the production of lime and salt 88 It has many big IT companies like Infosys and Wipro The planned industrial growth of the city and the state was first envisaged at the Mysore economic conference in 1911 88 89 This led to the establishment of industries such as the Mysore Sandalwood Oil Factory in 1917 and the Sri Krishnarajendra Mills in 1920 79 270 278 Mysore has emerged as an industrial hub in Karnataka next to Bangalore Mysore is part of the Bidar Mysore Industrial Corridor Major drivers of the economy are tourism finance manufacturing and industry which includes chemicals petrochemicals machinery automobile engineering textiles and food processing sectors A new industrial corridor plan is underway between Mysore and Bangalore 90 For the industrial development of the city the Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Board KIADB has established four industrial areas in and around Mysore in the Belagola Belawadi Hebbal and Hootagalli areas 91 One of the major industrial areas near Mysore is Nanjangud which will be a satellite town to Mysore Nanjangud industrial area hosts a number of industries like AT amp S India Pvt Ltd Nestle India ltd Reid and Taylor Jubiliant TVS and Asian Paints Nanjangud Industrial area also boasts being 2nd highest VAT Sales Taxpayer which is more than 4 billion US 50 million after Peenya which is in state capital Bangalore JK Tyre has its manufacturing facility in Mysore 92 The city has emerged as a hub of automobile industries in Karnataka The major software companies in Mysore are Infosys ArisGlobal Larsen amp Toubro Infotech Excelsoft Technologies and Triveni Engineering 93 94 95 The growth of the information technology industry in the first decade of the 21st century has resulted in the city emerging as the second largest software exporter in Karnataka as of update next to Bangalore 96 97 Mysore also has many shopping malls including the Mall of Mysore which is one of the largest malls in India and Karnataka Retail is also a major part of the economy in Mysore Mysore also hosts many central government organisations like CFTRI DFRL CIPET BEML 98 RMP Rare Material Project RBI Note printing Press and RBI Paper Printing Press Culture editMain article Culture of Mysore nbsp Mysore painting depicting the goddess SaraswatiReferred to as the cultural capital of Karnataka Mysore is well known for the festivities that take place during the period of Dasara the state festival of Karnataka The Dasara festivities which are celebrated over a ten day period were first introduced by King Raja Wodeyar I in 1610 99 On the ninth day of Dasara called Mahanavami the royal sword is worshipped and is taken on a procession of decorated elephants camels and horses 99 On the tenth day called Vijayadashami the traditional Dasara procession locally known as Jumboo Savari is held on the streets of Mysore which usually falls in the month of September or October The idol of the goddess Chamundeshwari is placed on a golden mantapa on the back of a decorated elephant and taken on a procession accompanied by tabla dance groups music bands decorated elephants horses and camels 99 The procession starts from the Mysore Palace and culminates at a place called Bannimantapa where the banni tree Prosopis spicigera is worshipped 99 The Dasara festivities culminate on the night of Vijayadashami with a torchlight parade known locally as Panjina Kavayatthu 99 Mysore is called the City of Palaces because of several ornate examples in the city Among the most notable are Amba Vilas popularly known as Mysore Palace Jaganmohana Palace which also serves as an art gallery Rajendra Vilas also known as the summer palace Lalitha Mahal which has been converted into a hotel and Jayalakshmi Vilas 100 87 88 The palace of Mysore burned down in 1897 and the present structure was built on the same site Amba Vilas palace exhibits an Indo Saracenic style of architecture on the outside but a distinctly Hoysala style in the interior 100 82 Even though the Government of Karnataka maintains the Mysore palace a small portion has been allocated for the erstwhile royal family to live in The Jayalakshmi Vilas Mansion was constructed by Sri Chamaraja Wodeyar for his daughter Jayalakshammanni It is now a museum dedicated to folk culture and artefacts of the royal family 101 nbsp Mysore silk sariThe Mysore painting style is an offshoot of the Vijayanagar school of painting and King Raja Wodeyar 1578 1617 CE is credited with having been its patron 102 1 The distinctive feature of these paintings is the gesso work to which gold foil is applied 102 3 Mysore is known for rosewood inlay work around 4 000 craftsmen were involved in this art in 2002 103 The city lends its name to the Mysore silk sari a women s garment made with pure silk and gold zari thread 104 Mysore Peta the traditional indigenous turban worn by the erstwhile rulers of Mysore is worn by men in some traditional ceremonies A notable local dessert that traces its history to the kitchen in the Mysore palace is Mysore pak Mysore is the location of the International Ganjifa Research Centre which researches the ancient card game Ganjifa and the art associated with it 105 The Chamarajendra Academy of Visual Arts CAVA offers education in visual art forms such as painting graphics sculpture applied art photography photojournalism and art history The Rangayana repertory company performs plays and offers certificate courses in subjects related to theatre 106 107 Kannada writers Kuvempu Gopalakrishna Adiga and U R Ananthamurthy were educated in Mysore and served as professors at the Mysore University 108 R K Narayan a popular English language novelist and creator of the fictional town of Malgudi and his cartoonist brother R K Laxman spent much of their life in Mysore 109 nbsp Ambavilas Palace known as Mysore Palace is a historical royal residence of the Wadiyar dynasty of the Kingdom of Mysore which once ruled most of present day KarnatakaTransport editMain article Transport in Mysore Road edit nbsp Warli paintings on Mysore roadsMysore is connected by National Highway 212 India to the state border town of Gundlupet where the road forks into the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu 110 1 State Highway 17 which connects Mysore to Bangalore was upgraded to a four lane highway in 2006 reducing travel time between the two cities 111 A project was planned in 1994 to construct a new expressway to connect Bangalore and Mysore After numerous legal hurdles it remains unfinished as of 2012 update 112 113 State Highway 33 and National Highway 275 which connect Mysore to H D Kote and Mangalore respectively 114 The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation KSRTC and other private agencies operate buses both within the city and between cities A new division of KSRTC called Mysore City Transport Corporation MCTC has been proposed Within the city buses are cheap and popular means of transport auto rickshaws are also available and tongas horse drawn carriages are popular with tourists 115 Mysore also has a 42 5 kilometre 26 4 mi long ring road that is being upgraded to six lanes by the MUDA 116 Mysore has implemented Intelligent Transport System ITS to manage its city buses and ferrying commuters 117 Trin Trin PBS edit nbsp A bicycle docking stationA public bicycle sharing system Trin Trin funded partially by the United Nations is popular mode of transport 118 It is a government project It is the first public bike sharing system throughout India The key objective of Trin Trin is to encourage local commuters as well as visitors to use the bicycle in preference to motorised modes of travel and thereby help scale down the multifarious environmental and road traffic hazards enhance conveyance convenience and make local daily commutes economical for the common citizen 119 Rail edit nbsp Mysore JunctionMysore railway station has three lines connecting it to Bangalore Mangalore and Chamarajanagar The first railway line established in the city was the Bangalore Mysore Junction metre gauge line which was commissioned in 1882 120 Railway lines that connect the city to Chamarajanagara and Mangalore are unelectrified single track and the track that connects to Bengaluru is electrified double track 121 Mysore Railway Junction comes under the jurisdiction of South Western Railway Zone 122 Within the city limits of Mysore there are two small stations in the line which connects Chamarajanagara They are Ashokpuram and Chamarajapuram 123 124 The fastest train to serve the city is the Shatabdi Express which goes to Chennai via Bangalore 125 A satellite terminal is planned at Naganahalli to reduce congestion in the main railway station On 20 June 2022 Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation to upgrade the present city railway junction with 385 crore to construct another three platforms four pit lines and four stabling line to make nine platforms in the city junction and Naganahali station to build a coach complex and MEMU hub and two more platforms to solve congestion in the city railway junction 126 Air edit nbsp Mysore AirportMysore Airport is a domestic airport and is located near the village of Mandakalli 10 kilometres 10 km 6 mi south of the centre of the city 127 It was built by the kings of Mysore in early 1940s 128 Mysore Airport currently serves the city of Mysore and is connected to multiple domestic locations including Bangalore 129 Chennai 130 Goa Hubli Hyderabad 131 Kochi and Mangalore The current runway is not able to handle big flights and hence a runway expansion is about to take place expanding the runway from 1 7 km to 2 8 km and will be upgraded to international airport after the expansion 132 The nearest International airport is Bangalore Airport Media edit nbsp Oriental LibraryNewspaper publishing in Mysore started in 1859 when Bhashyam Bhashyacharya began publishing a weekly newspaper in Kannada called the Mysooru Vrittanta Bodhini 133 the first of a number of weekly newspapers published in the following three decades 133 A well known Mysore publisher during Wodeyar rule was M Venkatakrishnaiah known as the father of Kannada journalism who started several news magazines 134 Many local newspapers are published in Mysore and carry news mostly related to the city and its surroundings 135 and national and regional dailies in English and Kannada are available as in the other parts of the state Sudharma the only Indian daily newspaper in Sanskrit is published in Mysore 136 Mysore was the location of the first private radio broadcasting station in India when Akashavani voice from the sky was established in the city on 10 September 1935 by M V Gopalaswamy a professor of psychology at his house in the Vontikoppal area of Mysore using a 50 watt transmitter 137 138 The station was taken over by the princely state of Mysore in 1941 and was moved to Bangalore in 1955 In 1957 Akashvani was chosen as the official name of All India Radio AIR the radio broadcaster of the Government of India The AIR station at Mysore broadcasts an FM radio channel at 100 6 MHz 139 and Gyan Vani broadcasts on 105 6 140 BIG FM Radio Mirchi and Red FM are the three private FM channels operating in the city 141 Mysore started receiving television broadcasts in the early 1980s when Doordarshan public service broadcaster of the Indian government started broadcasting its national channel all over India This was the only channel available to Mysoreans until Star TV started satellite channels in 1991 Direct to home channels are now available in Mysore 142 Notable people editSrimushnam Srinivasa Murthy 1923 2009 Gandhian Freedom Fighter and Kannada writerSports editThe Wodeyar kings of Mysore were patrons of games and sports King Krishnaraja Wodeyar III had a passion for indoor games He invented new board games and popularised the ganjifa card game 143 Malla yuddha traditional wrestling has a history in Mysore dating back to the 16th century 144 The wrestling competition held in Mysore during the Dasara celebrations attracts wrestlers from all over India An annual sports meeting is organised there during the Dasara season too 145 In 1997 Mysore and Bangalore co hosted the city s biggest sports event ever the National Games of India Mysore was the venue for six sports archery gymnastics equestrianism handball table tennis and wrestling 146 Cricket is by far the most popular sport in Mysore 147 148 The city has five established cricket grounds 149 Javagal Srinath who represented India for several years as its frontline fast bowler comes from Mysore 150 Other prominent sportsmen from the city are Prahlad Srinath who has represented India in Davis Cup tennis tournaments Reeth Abraham a national champion in the heptathlon and a long jump record holder Sagar Kashyap the youngest Indian to officiate at the Wimbledon Championships and Rahul Ganapathy a national amateur golf champion 151 152 153 154 The Mysore race course hosts a racing season each year from August through October 155 India s first youth hostel was formed in the Maharaja s College Hostel in 1949 156 Tourism edit nbsp Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens nbsp St Philomena s ChurchMysore is a major tourist destination in its own right and serves as a base for other tourist attractions in the vicinity 37 The city receives many tourists during the ten day Dasara festival 157 One of the most visited monuments in India the Amba Vilas Palace or Mysore Palace is the centre of the Dasara festivities 158 The Jaganmohana Palace The Sand Sculpture Museum the Jayalakshmi Vilas and the Lalitha Mahal are other palaces in the city 159 Chamundeshwari Temple atop the Chamundi Hills and St Philomena s Church Wesley s Cathedral are notable religious places in Mysore 37 nbsp Temple carvings at Keshava Temple SomnathapuraThe Mysore Zoo established in 1892 160 the Karanji Kukkarahalli and the Blue Lagoon Lake are popular recreational destinations Blue Lagoon is a lake with a mini island located behind the KRS water dam from which it is mesmerising to watch the sunset and sunrise 37 161 Mysore has the Regional Museum of Natural History the Folk Lore Museum the Railway Museum and the Oriental Research Institute The city is a centre for yoga related health tourism that attracts domestic and foreign visitors particularly those who for years came to study with the late Ashtanga vinyasa yoga guru K Pattabhi Jois 162 A short distance from Mysore city is the neighbouring Mandya District s Krishnarajasagar Dam and the adjoining Brindavan Gardens where a musical fountain show is held every evening Places of historic importance close to Mysore are Mandya District s Ranganathaswamy Temple Srirangapatna And other historical places are Somanathapura and Talakad 37 B R Hills Himavad Gopalaswamy Betta hill and the hill stations of Ooty Sultan Bathery and Madikeri are close to Mysore Popular destinations for wildlife enthusiasts near Mysore include the Nagarahole National Park the wildlife sanctuaries at Melkote Mandya and B R Hills and the bird sanctuaries at Ranganathittu Mandya and Kokrebellur Mandya 163 Bandipur National Park and Mudumalai National Park in Tamil Nadu which are sanctuaries for gaur chital elephants tigers leopards and other threatened species lie between 60 and 100 kilometres 37 and 62 mi to the south Other tourist spots near Mysore include the religious locations of Nanjanagud and Bylakuppe and the waterfalls at neighbouring districts of Mandya s Shivanasamudra Sister cities editCincinnati Ohio United States 2012 164 165 166 Nashua New Hampshire 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Delhi Asian Educational Services ISBN 81 206 1390 2 Kamath Suryanath U 2001 1980 A concise history of Karnataka from pre historic times to the present Bangalore Jupiter books LCCN 80905179 OCLC 7796041 Nair Janaki 2011 Mysore Modern Rethinking the Region Under Princely Rule Minneapolis US University of Minnesota Press ISBN 978 0 8166 7383 4 Raman Afried 1994 Bangalore Mysore Hyderabad India Orient Longman ISBN 0 86311 431 8 Archived from the original on 19 December 2013 Retrieved 25 September 2007 Rao C Hayavadana 1927 Mysore Gazetteer Bangalore Government Press Mysore state Rice B L 1876 Mysore and Coorg Mysore by districts Mysore Mysore Government Press Retrieved 29 February 2012 Rice B L 2001 1897 Mysore Gazetteer Compiled for Government vol 1 New Delhi Asian Educational Services ISBN 81 206 0977 8 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mysore nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Mysore nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Mysore Mysore Palace Govt of Karnataka Mysore City Corporation Mysore District Information Mysore at Curlie Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mysore amp oldid 1182784644, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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