The Group of temples at Talakadu, located about 45 km south-east of the culturally important city of Mysore in the Karnataka state of India are ancient Hindu temples built by multiple South Indian dynasties. Archaeological excavations of the sand dunes at Talakad (or Talakadu) have shown the existence of several ruined temples built during the rule of the Western Ganga dynasty (c.345-999). However, according to historian I. K. Sarma, only two temples, the Pataleshvara (also spelt Patalesvara) and Maraleshvara (also spelt Maralesvara), built during the reign of King Rachamalla Satyavakya IV (r.975-986) are intact.[1] According to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the Vaidyeshvara temple (also spelt Vaidyesvara), the largest, the most intact and ornate of the group bears Ganga-Chola-Hoysala architectural features. Its consecration is assignable to the 10th century with improvements made up to the 14th century.[2] According to the art historian Adam Hardy, the Kirtinarayana temple (also spelt Keertinarayana) was built in 1117 A.D. by the famous Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana to celebrate his victory over the Cholas in the battle of Talakad.[3] It has currently been dismantled by the ASI for renovation. Only its mahadwara ("grand entrance") is intact.[4] The Sand dunes of Talakad are protected by the Karnataka state division of the ASI.[5] The Vaidyeshvara and Kirtinarayana temples are protected as monuments of national importance by the central Archaeological Survey of India.[6]
Both the Pataleshvara and Maraleshvara temples have on their original base (adhishsthana) a sanctum (garbhagriha) and a vestibule (ardha mantapa) from the Ganga period. The tower over the shrine may be a Chola period renovation. The pillars and the pilasters in the main hall (maha-mantapa) are similar to those in the Rameshvara Temple, Narasamangala. High quality Ganga workmanship with late Pallava influences is seen in the images of Hindu gods in these temples. These images include the four handed Mahavishnu, Durga standing on the horned head of the demon king (Asura) Mahisha and Kartikeya in the Maraleshvara temple; and the images of Dakshinamurthy (a form of Shiva), Trimurti Brahma (three faced Brahma), Simhavahini[7] Durga (Durga riding a lion) and Shiva at the Pataleshvara temple.[8]
The Vaidyeshvara temple comprises a sanctum with a Vesara tower (a shikhara which is a fusion of south and north Indian styles) in stucco, a vestibule that connects the sanctum to a short hall (ardhamanadapa, lit, "half-hall"), a six-pillared hall (mahamandapa or navaranga) and two entrance porchs (mukhamandapa) facing east-west and southern directions. To the north, within the temple is another large hall (mahamantapa) with shrines for deities. The entire complex is built on a platform (jagati).[2] The outer walls of the temple are articulated with pilasters, deities from the Shaiva faith and aedicula in relief. The ornate doorjamb and lintel over the entrance doorway to the pillared hall, with the 2 m tall reliefs of door-keepers (dwarapala) on either side is typically Hoysala in workmanship. At the rear of the complex is a large bounding wall (prakara) that houses independent sculptures from the Ganga, Hoysala and Vijayanagara periods.[2]
According to Adam Hardy, The Kirtinarayana temple is a granite, single vimana plan (tower over shrine), an ekakuta (single shrine) construction, with an open mantapa (hall). The temple is similar in plan to the famous Chennakesava Temple at Belur.[3] The temple has a typical stellate (star-shaped) plan with the sanctum, vestibule and open hall (navaranga or just mantapa) mounted on a platform called jagati.[4] These features are, according to historian Suryanath Kamath, standard to Hoysala architecture. The platform serves a dual purpose: improves visual effect as well as provides a path for ritual Circumambulation (Parikrama or Pradakshina) around the temple for devotees.[9][10] The sanctum has an image of Narayana (another name for Vishnu). The decorative features in the temple are notable. At the entrance to the sanctum, the doorjamb and lintel are ornate, and the lathe turned pillars in the spacious hall support a ceiling that is decorated with floral designs.[4]
Mallikarjuna temple at Mudukuthore and Sri Arkeshwaraswamy Temple are located little far form the main Talakadu village.
^ abc. Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
^ abc. Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
^"Protected Monuments in Karnataka". Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
^"Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka". Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
^Rajarajan, R. K. K. (2016). "Early Pāṇḍya Siṃhavāhinī and Sapta Mātṛkā Sculptures in the Far South of India". Religions of South Asia. 9 (2): 164. doi:10.1558/rosa.v9i2.31071.
The 10th century Pataleshvara temple at Talakad has been excavated from the sand dunes.
profile of the renovated Keertinarayana temple, Talakad
Dwarapalaka (door keeper) and a profile of the mantapa at the Vaidyeshvara temple, Talakad
Ornate doorjamb at the Vaidyeshvara temple, Talakad
Profile of Dwarapalakas (door keepers) at the Vaidyeshvara temple, Talakad
Stone vessel at the Vaidyeshvara temple, Talakad
Five headed snake and monolithic stone chain at the Vaidyeshvara temple, Talakad
Close up view of Vesara shrine tower (vimana) made of stucco at the Vaidyeshvara temple, Talakad
A profile of the outer wall of the mantapa at the Vaidyeshvara temple, Talakad
A view of the Vaidyeshvara temple, Talakad
Ornate porch (south) entrance to Vaidyeshvara temple, Talakad
Nandi (bull) near the Kirtinarayana temple at Talakad
References
Sarma, I.K. (1992) [1992]. Temples of the Gangas of Karnataka. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. ISBN0-19-560686-8.
Adam Hardy, Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries, Abhinav, 1995 ISBN81-7017-312-4
Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, Abhinav, 1996 ISBN81-7017-345-0
Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) [1980]. A concise history of Karnataka: from pre-historic times to the present. Bangalore: Jupiter books. LCCN 80905179. OCLC 7796041.
. Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
. Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
"Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka". Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
. Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 19 July 2006. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
External links
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January 17, 2023
group, temples, talakadu, karnataka, group, temples, talakadu, located, about, south, east, culturally, important, city, mysore, karnataka, state, india, ancient, hindu, temples, built, multiple, south, indian, dynasties, archaeological, excavations, sand, dun. The Group of temples at Talakadu located about 45 km south east of the culturally important city of Mysore in the Karnataka state of India are ancient Hindu temples built by multiple South Indian dynasties Archaeological excavations of the sand dunes at Talakad or Talakadu have shown the existence of several ruined temples built during the rule of the Western Ganga dynasty c 345 999 However according to historian I K Sarma only two temples the Pataleshvara also spelt Patalesvara and Maraleshvara also spelt Maralesvara built during the reign of King Rachamalla Satyavakya IV r 975 986 are intact 1 According to the Archaeological Survey of India ASI the Vaidyeshvara temple also spelt Vaidyesvara the largest the most intact and ornate of the group bears Ganga Chola Hoysala architectural features Its consecration is assignable to the 10th century with improvements made up to the 14th century 2 According to the art historian Adam Hardy the Kirtinarayana temple also spelt Keertinarayana was built in 1117 A D by the famous Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana to celebrate his victory over the Cholas in the battle of Talakad 3 It has currently been dismantled by the ASI for renovation Only its mahadwara grand entrance is intact 4 The Sand dunes of Talakad are protected by the Karnataka state division of the ASI 5 The Vaidyeshvara and Kirtinarayana temples are protected as monuments of national importance by the central Archaeological Survey of India 6 Vaidyeshvara and othersHindu templesGroup of temples at Talakadu Mysore districtCountry IndiaStateKarnatakaDistrictMysore DistrictLanguages OfficialKannadaTime zoneUTC 5 30 IST Coordinates 12 11 41 N 77 01 50 E 12 1946782 N 77 030539 E 12 1946782 77 030539 Contents 1 Plan of the temple 2 Notes 3 Gallery 4 References 5 External linksPlan of the temple Edit The Kirtinarayana temple at Talakad 1117 A D Both the Pataleshvara and Maraleshvara temples have on their original base adhishsthana a sanctum garbhagriha and a vestibule ardha mantapa from the Ganga period The tower over the shrine may be a Chola period renovation The pillars and the pilasters in the main hall maha mantapa are similar to those in the Rameshvara Temple Narasamangala High quality Ganga workmanship with late Pallava influences is seen in the images of Hindu gods in these temples These images include the four handed Mahavishnu Durga standing on the horned head of the demon king Asura Mahisha and Kartikeya in the Maraleshvara temple and the images of Dakshinamurthy a form of Shiva Trimurti Brahma three faced Brahma Simhavahini 7 Durga Durga riding a lion and Shiva at the Pataleshvara temple 8 The Vaidyeshvara temple comprises a sanctum with a Vesara tower a shikhara which is a fusion of south and north Indian styles in stucco a vestibule that connects the sanctum to a short hall ardhamanadapa lit half hall a six pillared hall mahamandapa or navaranga and two entrance porchs mukhamandapa facing east west and southern directions To the north within the temple is another large hall mahamantapa with shrines for deities The entire complex is built on a platform jagati 2 The outer walls of the temple are articulated with pilasters deities from the Shaiva faith and aedicula in relief The ornate doorjamb and lintel over the entrance doorway to the pillared hall with the 2 m tall reliefs of door keepers dwarapala on either side is typically Hoysala in workmanship At the rear of the complex is a large bounding wall prakara that houses independent sculptures from the Ganga Hoysala and Vijayanagara periods 2 According to Adam Hardy The Kirtinarayana temple is a granite single vimana plan tower over shrine an ekakuta single shrine construction with an open mantapa hall The temple is similar in plan to the famous Chennakesava Temple at Belur 3 The temple has a typical stellate star shaped plan with the sanctum vestibule and open hall navaranga or just mantapa mounted on a platform called jagati 4 These features are according to historian Suryanath Kamath standard to Hoysala architecture The platform serves a dual purpose improves visual effect as well as provides a path for ritual Circumambulation Parikrama or Pradakshina around the temple for devotees 9 10 The sanctum has an image of Narayana another name for Vishnu The decorative features in the temple are notable At the entrance to the sanctum the doorjamb and lintel are ornate and the lathe turned pillars in the spacious hall support a ceiling that is decorated with floral designs 4 Mallikarjuna temple at Mudukuthore and Sri Arkeshwaraswamy Temple are located little far form the main Talakadu village Notes Edit Sarma 1992 pp111 113 a b c Vaidyesvara temple Archaeological Survey of India Bengaluru Circle ASI Bengaluru Circle Archived from the original on 25 December 2013 Retrieved 24 December 2013 a b Hardy 1995 p347 a b c Kirtinarayana temple Archaeological Survey of India Bengaluru Circle ASI Bengaluru Circle Archived from the original on 25 December 2013 Retrieved 24 December 2013 Protected Monuments in Karnataka Archaeological Survey of India Government of India Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts Retrieved 24 December 2013 Alphabetical List of Monuments Karnataka Bangalore Bangalore Circle Karnataka Archaeological Survey of India Government of India Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts Retrieved 24 December 2013 Rajarajan R K K 2016 Early Paṇḍya Siṃhavahini and Sapta Matṛka Sculptures in the Far South of India Religions of South Asia 9 2 164 doi 10 1558 rosa v9i2 31071 Sarma 1992 p113 Kamath 2001 p135 Foekema 1996 p25Gallery Edit The 10th century Pataleshvara temple at Talakad has been excavated from the sand dunes profile of the renovated Keertinarayana temple Talakad Dwarapalaka door keeper and a profile of the mantapa at the Vaidyeshvara temple Talakad Ornate doorjamb at the Vaidyeshvara temple Talakad Profile of Dwarapalakas door keepers at the Vaidyeshvara temple Talakad Stone vessel at the Vaidyeshvara temple Talakad Five headed snake and monolithic stone chain at the Vaidyeshvara temple Talakad Close up view of Vesara shrine tower vimana made of stucco at the Vaidyeshvara temple Talakad A profile of the outer wall of the mantapa at the Vaidyeshvara temple Talakad A view of the Vaidyeshvara temple Talakad Ornate porch south entrance to Vaidyeshvara temple Talakad Nandi bull near the Kirtinarayana temple at TalakadReferences EditSarma I K 1992 1992 Temples of the Gangas of Karnataka New Delhi Archaeological Survey of India ISBN 0 19 560686 8 Adam Hardy Indian Temple Architecture Form and Transformation the Karṇaṭa Draviḍa Tradition 7th to 13th Centuries Abhinav 1995 ISBN 81 7017 312 4 Gerard Foekema A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples Abhinav 1996 ISBN 81 7017 345 0 Kamath Suryanath U 2001 1980 A concise history of Karnataka from pre historic times to the present Bangalore Jupiter books LCCN 80905179 OCLC 7796041 Kirtinarayana temple Archaeological Survey of India Bengaluru Circle ASI Bengaluru Circle Archived from the original on 25 December 2013 Retrieved 24 December 2013 Vaidyesvara temple Archaeological Survey of India Bengaluru Circle ASI Bengaluru Circle Archived from the original on 25 December 2013 Retrieved 24 December 2013 Alphabetical List of Monuments Karnataka Bangalore Bangalore Circle Karnataka Archaeological Survey of India Government of India Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts Retrieved 19 January 2013 Temple tales Deccan Herald Archived from the original on 19 July 2006 Retrieved 24 December 2013 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Group of temples at Talakad Karnataka Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Group of temples at Talakadu Karnataka amp oldid 1112010113, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
