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Wimbledon Championships

February 10, 2023

For the most recent championships, see 2022 Wimbledon Championships.

The Wimbledon Championships, commonly known simply as Wimbledon,[c] is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is widely regarded as the most prestigious.[2][3][4][5][6] It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts, with retractable roofs over the two main courts since 2019.

Wimbledon Championships
Official website
Founded1877; 146 years ago (1877)
Editions135 (2022)
LocationLondon
England, United Kingdom
VenueAll England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club
Worple Road (1877–1921)
Church Road (since 1922)
SurfaceGrass outdoors[a]
Prize money£40,350,000 (2022)[1]
Men's
DrawS (128Q) / 64D (16Q)[b]
Current championsNovak Djokovic (singles)
Matthew Ebden / Max Purcell (doubles)
Most singles titlesRoger Federer (8)
Most doubles titlesTodd Woodbridge (9)
Women's
DrawS (128Q) / 64D (16Q)
Current championsElena Rybakina (singles)
Barbora Krejčíková / Kateřina Siniaková (doubles)
Most singles titlesMartina Navratilova (9)
Most doubles titlesElizabeth Ryan (12)
Mixed doubles
Draw48
Current championsDesirae Krawczyk / Neal Skupski
Most titles (male)Leander Paes (4)
Vic Seixas (4)
Owen Davidson (4)
Ken Fletcher (4)
Most titles (female)Elizabeth Ryan (7)
Grand Slam
Last completed
2022 Wimbledon

Wimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the others being the Australian Open, the French Open, and the US Open. Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass, the traditional tennis playing surface. Also, it is the only Grand Slam that retains a night-time curfew, though matches can now continue until 11.00 pm under the lights.

The tournament traditionally takes place over two weeks in late June and early July, starting on the last Monday in June and culminating with the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Singles Finals, scheduled for the Saturday and Sunday at the end of the second week. Five major events are held each year, with additional junior and invitational competitions also taking place. In 2009, Wimbledon's Centre Court was fitted with a retractable roof to lessen the loss of playing time due to rain. A roof was operational over No. 1 Court from 2019,[7] when a number of other improvements were made, including adding cushioned seating, a table and 10 independently operable cameras per court to capture the games.

Wimbledon traditions include a strict all-white dress code for competitors, and royal patronage. Strawberries and cream are traditionally consumed at the tournament.[8] Unlike other tournaments, advertising is minimal and low key from official suppliers such as Slazenger and Rolex. The relationship with Slazenger is the world's longest-running sporting sponsorship, providing balls for the tournament since 1902.[9]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 Wimbledon was cancelled, the first cancellation of the tournament since World War II.[10] The rescheduled 134th edition was staged from 28 June 2021 to 11 July 2021, following from the 2020 cancellation. The 135th edition was played between 27 June 2022 and 10 July 2022, and regularly scheduled play occurred on the middle Sunday for the first time. It marks the centenary of the inaugural championships staged at the Centre Court. The ATP, ITF, and WTA did not award ranking points for the 2022 tournament, due to controversy over the tournament excluding players representing Russia and Belarus.

The 2023 Wimbledon Championships will be the 136th staging and will run from 3 July 2023 to 16 July 2023 and it will be the first event of King Charles III since the death of the former patron, Queen Elizabeth II on 8 September 2022.

History

Beginning

The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club is a private club founded on 23 July 1868, originally as "The All England Croquet Club". Its first ground was at Nursery Road off Worple Road, Wimbledon.[11]

In 1876, lawn tennis, a game devised by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield a year or so earlier as an outdoor version of real tennis and originally given the name Sphairistikè, was added to the activities of the club. In spring 1877, the club was renamed "The All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club" and signalled its change of name by instituting the first Lawn Tennis Championship. A new code of laws, replacing the code administered by the Marylebone Cricket Club, was drawn up for the event. Today's rules are similar except for details such as the height of the net and posts and the distance of the service line from the net.

The inaugural 1877 Wimbledon Championship started on 9 July 1877 and the Gentlemen's Singles was the only event held. 22 men paid a guinea to enter the tournament, which was to be held over five days. The rain delayed it four more days and thus, on 19 July 1877, the final was played. Spencer Gore, an old Harrovian rackets player, defeated William Marshall 6–1, 6–2 and 6–4 in 48 minutes. Gore was presented with the silver challenge cup, valued at 25 guineas and donated by the sports magazine The Field, as well as a prize money of 12 guineas. About 200 spectators paid one shilling each to watch the final.[12]

The lawns at the ground were arranged so that the principal court was in the middle with the others arranged around it, hence the title "Centre Court".[d] The name was retained when the Club moved in 1922 to the present site in Church Road, although no longer a true description of its location.[14] However, in 1980 four new courts were brought into commission on the north side of the ground, which meant the Centre Court was once more correctly described. The opening of the new No. 1 Court in 1997 emphasised the description.

 
Ladies Championship, 1884. First prize, awarded to Maud Watson, was a silver flower-basket worth 20 guineas

By 1882, activity at the club was almost exclusively confined to lawn tennis and that year the word "croquet" was dropped from the title. However, for sentimental reasons it was restored in 1899.

In 1884, the club added the Ladies' Singles competition and the Gentlemen's Doubles was transferred from the Oxford University Lawn Tennis Club. ladies' doubles and mixed doubles events were added in 1913. The first black player to compete at Wimbledon was Bertrand Milbourne Clark, an amateur from Jamaica, in 1924.[15]

Until 1922, the reigning champion had to play only in the final, against whoever had won through to challenge them. As with the other three Major or Grand Slam events, Wimbledon was contested by top-ranked amateur players; professional players were prohibited from participating. This changed with the advent of the open era in 1968. No British man won the singles event at Wimbledon between Fred Perry in 1936 and Andy Murray in 2013, while no British woman has won since Virginia Wade in 1977, although Annabel Croft and Laura Robson won the Girls' Championship in 1984 and 2008 respectively. The Championship was first televised in 1937.

Though formally called "The Championships, Wimbledon", depending on sources the event is also known as "The All England Lawn Tennis Championships", the "Wimbledon Championships" or simply "Wimbledon". From 1912 to 1924, the tournament was recognized by the International Lawn Tennis Federation as the "World Grass Court Championships".

In the period of 1915–1918, no tournament was organized due to World War I.

During World War II, the tournament was not held in the period 1940–1945. On 11 October 1940 one bomb hit a corner of the competitors’ stand of the Centre Court. The championships did go ahead in 1946 even though the damage meant that 1,200 seats were lost. The organisers were unable to repair the damaged section until 1947 and the Centre Court was fully restored and renovated for the 1949 edition.[16]

In 1946 and 1947 Wimbledon was held before the French Championships and was thus the second Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

21st century

Wimbledon is widely considered the world's premier tennis tournament and the priority of the club is to maintain its leadership. To that end a long-term plan was unveiled in 1993, intended to improve the quality of the event for spectators, players, officials and neighbours.[17] Stage one (1994–1997) of the plan was completed for the 1997 championships and involved building the new No. 1 Court in Aorangi Park, a broadcast centre, two extra grass courts and a tunnel under the hill linking Church Road and Somerset Road. Stage two (1997–2009) involved the removal of the old No. 1 Court complex to make way for the new Millennium Building, providing extensive facilities for players, press, officials and members, and the extension of the West Stand of the Centre Court with 728 extra seats. Stage three (2000–2011) was completed with the construction of an entrance building, club staff housing, museum, bank and ticket office.[18]

A new retractable roof was built in time for the 2009 championships, marking the first time that rain did not stop play for a lengthy time on Centre Court. The Club tested the new roof at an event called A Centre Court Celebration on Sunday, 17 May 2009, which featured exhibition matches involving Andre Agassi, Steffi Graf, Kim Clijsters, and Tim Henman. The first Championship match to take place under the roof was the completion of the fourth round women's singles match between Dinara Safina and Amélie Mauresmo. The first match to be played in its entirety under the new roof took place between Andy Murray and Stanislas Wawrinka on 29 June 2009. Murray was also involved in the match completed latest in the day at Wimbledon, which ended at 11:02 pm in a victory over Marcos Baghdatis at Centre Court in the third round of the 2012 Championships. The 2012 Gentlemen's Singles Final on 8 July 2012, between Roger Federer and Murray, was the first singles final to be partially played under the roof, which was activated during the third set.[e]

A new 4,000-seat No. 2 Court was built on the site of the old No. 13 Court in time for the 2009 Championships.[19] A new 2,000-seat No. 3 Court was built on the site of the old No. 2 and No. 3 Courts.[20]

On 1 August 2011, the All England Club transferred all of its assets relating to The Championships to a separate though wholly owned subsidiary, The All England Lawn Tennis Club (Championships) Limited, also known as AELTC. Since that time, the club's activities have been formally conducted separately from those of The Championships.[21]

In 2012, the All England Club hosted the Summer Olympic Games and became the first Olympic grass court tournament since tennis was reintroduced as an Olympic sport and the first to be held at a Grand Slam venue in the Open era.[22]

In April 2013, Wimbledon unveiled its 'Master Plan' a vision in which to improve the championships over the next 10–15 years. This was in large part due to other Grand Slam tournaments such as the French Open and Australian Open also announcing expansion and re-development plans.[23][24] Aspects of the master plan included new player and media facilities, expansion of the No.1 court including a new retractable roof, new catering and hospitality areas, additional floor to the museum building, construction of an underground car park and new indoor courts and also a total reconfiguration of the site including the relocation of a number of practice, clay and championship courts.[25]

Part of the plan also includes acquiring the land of the adjacent Wimbledon Park Golf club for £65 million, so that the tournament qualifying matches can be played on site.[26]

On 19 October 2018, it was announced that a tie-break will be played if the score reaches 12–12 in the final set of any match; this will apply to all competitions including in qualifying, singles, and doubles.[27][28] In a related statement, it was announced that starting at the 2019 Championships, quad wheelchair competitions would become a permanent event.[29]

 
Centre Court at Wimbledon in May 2019.

As a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic, the All England Club announced on 1 April 2020 that the entire grass-court season was to be cancelled as a public safety precaution, marking the first time a Wimbledon tournament would not be played since World War II.[30] Club officials considered playing the tournament behind closed doors, but this was ruled out in part because at least 5,000 people–including ballboys, officials, coaches, maintenance, and security–would have still needed to be on site to hold a functioning tournament. Former player and current All England Club board member Tim Henman told the Tennis Channel of the US that the board had carefully considered holding a closed-door Wimbledon. However, the sheer number of people who still would have needed to be on site led the board to realise "that wasn't going to be a workable option".[31] Prior to the start of the 2003 tournament, the club began paying an annual insurance premium of £1.61m ($2 million) to cover losses from cancellation of Wimbledon in the event of a worldwide pandemic as a result of the SARS outbreak; it would receive an insurance payment of £114 million ($141 million) for the 2020 cancellation on expected losses of around £250 million ($312 million).[32]

In April 2022, due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the All England Club announced that Russian and Belarusian players would be prohibited from competing in the tournament. Unlike the ATP and WTA, participation as neutral athletes is also prohibited.[33] On 20 May 2022, the ATP, ITF, and WTA announced that they will not award ranking points for the tournament, as they considered the prohibition unilateral, and constituted discrimination against players based on nationality.[34]

Events

Wimbledon consists of five main events, four junior events and seven invitation events.[35]

Main events

The five main events, and the number of players (or teams, in the case of doubles) are:

  • Gentlemen's Singles (128)
  • Ladies' Singles (128)
  • Gentlemen's Doubles (64)
  • Ladies' Doubles (64)
  • Mixed Doubles (48)

Junior events

The four junior events and the number of players or teams are:

  • Boys' Singles (64)
  • Girls' Singles (64)
  • Boys' Doubles (32)
  • Girls' Doubles (32)

No mixed doubles event is held at this level

Invitation events

The seven invitational events and the number of pairs are:

  • Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles (8 pairs Round Robin)[f]
  • Ladies' Invitation Doubles (8 pairs Round Robin)
  • Senior Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles (8 pairs Round Robin)[g]
  • Gentlemen's Wheelchair Singles[36]
  • Ladies' Wheelchair Singles
  • Gentlemen's Wheelchair Doubles (4 pairs)[37]
  • Ladies' Wheelchair Doubles (4 pairs)[37]

Match formats

Matches in the Gentlemen's Singles and Doubles are best-of-five sets; all other events are best-of-three sets. Up to and including the 2018 tournament, a tiebreak game is played if the score reaches 6–all in any set except the fifth (in a five-set match) or the third (in a three-set match), in which case a two-game lead must be reached. Since 2019, a final set tiebreak game is played if the score in the final set reaches 12–all.[27] In 2022 it was decided all matches would have a final set tie break once the match reached 6–6, with a champions tie break taking place meaning the winner needs to get to 10 points and win by two clear points. If the score is 9–9 play continues until one player wins by two points.

All events are single-elimination tournaments,[h] except for the Gentlemen's, Senior Gentlemen's and the Ladies' Invitation Doubles, which are round-robin tournaments.

Up to 1921, the winners of the previous year's competition (except in the Ladies' Doubles and Mixed Doubles) were automatically granted byes into the final round (then known as the challenge round). This led to many winners retaining their titles in successive years, as they were able to rest while their opponent competed from the start of the competition. Since 1922, the prior year's champions were required to play all the rounds, like other tournament competitors.

Schedule

Each year the tournament begins on the last Monday in June or first Monday in July, two weeks after the Queen's Club Championships, which is one of the men's major warm-up tournaments, together with the Gerry Weber Open, which is held in Halle, Germany, during the same week. Other grass-court tournaments before Wimbledon are Eastbourne, Great Britain, and Rosmalen in the Netherlands, both combining mixed events. The other women's warm-up tournament for Wimbledon is Birmingham, also in Great Britain. The men's event which is outside Europe before Wimbledon is the Antalya open in Turkey. The only grass-court tournament scheduled after the Championships is the Hall of Fame Tennis Championships at Newport, Rhode Island, USA, which takes place the week after Wimbledon.

Wimbledon is scheduled for 14 days, beginning on a Monday and ending on a Sunday. Before 1982 it ended a day earlier, with the women's singles final on the Friday and the men's singles final on the Saturday.[38] The five main events span both weeks, but the junior and invitational events are held mainly during the second week. Traditionally, unlike the other three tennis Grand Slams, there was no play on the "Middle Sunday", which is considered a rest day. However, rain has forced play on the Middle Sunday four times, in 1991, 1997, 2004 and 2016. On the first of these four occasions, Wimbledon staged a "People's Sunday", with unreserved seating and readily available, inexpensive tickets, allowing those with more limited means to sit on the show courts. From 2022, Wimbledon will make Middle Sunday a permanent fixture to the schedule. This would allow for more leeway for Round of 16 matches to be completed on schedule, as announced in their 2021 Spring Press Conference.[39]

Before 2022, the second Monday at Wimbledon was often called "Manic Monday", because it is the busiest day with the last-16 matches for both men's and women's singles, where fans have a pick of watching on a single day, any of the best 32 players left; which is also unique in a Grand Slam singles competition.[40]

Since 2015, the championships have begun one week later than in previous years, extending the gap between the tournament and the French Open from two to three weeks.[41] Additionally the Stuttgart Open men's tournament converted to a grass surface and was rescheduled from July to June, extending the grass court season.

Players and seeding

Both the men's and ladies' singles consist of 128 players.[42] Players and doubles pairs are admitted to the main events on the basis of their international rankings, with 104 direct entries into the men's and 108 into the ladies' competitions. Both tournaments have 8 wild card entrants, with the remainder in each made up of qualifiers. Since the 2001 tournament, 32 players have been given seedings in the Gentlemen's and Ladies' singles, 16 teams in the doubles events. The system of seeding was introduced during the 1924 Wimbledon Championships. This was a simplified version allowing countries to nominate four players who were placed in different quarters of the draw. This system was replaced for the 1927 Wimbledon Championships and from then on players were seeded on merit. The first players to be seeded as no. 1 were René Lacoste and Helen Wills.[43]

The Committee of Management decide which players receive wildcards. Usually, wild cards are players who have performed well during previous tournaments or would stimulate public interest in Wimbledon by participating. The only wild card to win the Gentlemen's Singles Championship was Goran Ivanišević in 2001. Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before Wimbledon at the Bank of England Sports Ground in Roehampton. The singles qualifying competitions are three-round events. From 2019 singles qualification will increase to 128 players and no doubles qualification will occur.[29] Previously the same-sex doubles competitions lasted for only two rounds. There is no qualifying tournament for Mixed Doubles. The furthest that any qualifier has progressed in a Singles tournament is the semi-final round: John McEnroe in 1977 (Gentlemen's Singles), Vladimir Voltchkov in 2000 (Gentlemen's Singles), and Alexandra Stevenson in 1999 (Ladies' Singles).[citation needed]

Players are admitted to the junior tournaments upon the recommendations of their national tennis associations, on their International Tennis Federation world rankings and, in the case of the singles events, on the basis of a qualifying competition. The Committee of Management determines which players may enter the four invitational events.

The Committee seeds the top players and pairs on the basis of their rankings, but it could change the seedings based on a player's previous grass court performance. Since 2002 a seeding committee has not been required for the Gentlemen's Singles following an agreement with the ATP, and since the 2021 tournament, the seeding has followed the same process as the ATP rankings.[44] From 2002 to 2019, the top 32 players (according to the ATP rankings) were seeded according to a formula that more heavily weighted previous grass-court tournaments: ATP Entry System Position points + 100% points earned for all grass court tournaments in the past 12 months + 75% points earned for the best grass court tournament in the 12 months before that.[45][46]

A majority of the entrants are unseeded. Only two unseeded players have won the Gentlemen's Singles: Boris Becker in 1985 and Goran Ivanišević in 2001. In 1985 there were only 16 seeds and Becker was ranked 20th; Ivanišević was ranked 125th when he won as a Wild Card entrant, although he had previously been a finalist three times, and been ranked no. 2 in the world; his low ranking was due to having been hampered by a persistent shoulder injury for three years, which had only just cleared up. In 1996, the title was won by Richard Krajicek, who was originally unseeded (ranked 17th, and only 16 players were seeded) but was promoted to a seeded position (still with the number 17) when Thomas Muster withdrew before the tournament. No unseeded player has captured the Ladies' Singles title; the lowest seeded female champion was Venus Williams, who won in 2007 as the 23rd seed; Williams was returning from an injury that had prevented her playing in previous tournaments, giving her a lower ranking than she would normally have had. Unseeded pairs have won the doubles titles on numerous occasions; the 2005 Gentlemen's Doubles champions were not only unseeded, but also (for the first time ever) qualifiers.

Grounds

 
Aerial view of the grounds.
Main article: All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club

Since 2001, the courts used for Wimbledon have been sown with 100% perennial ryegrass. Prior to 2001 a combination of 70% ryegrass and 30% Creeping Red Fescue was used. The change was made to improve durability and strengthen the sward to better withstand the increasing wear of the modern game.[47]

The main show courts, Centre Court and No. 1 Court, are normally used for only two weeks a year, during the Championships, but play can extend into a third week in exceptional circumstances. The remaining 17 courts are regularly used for other events hosted by the club. The show courts were in action for the second time in three months in 2012 as Wimbledon hosted the tennis events of the 2012 Olympic Games. One of the show courts is also used for home ties of the Great Britain teams in the Davis Cup on occasions.

Wimbledon is the only remaining Grand Slam event played on natural grass courts. At one time, all the Majors, except the French Open, were played on grass. The US Open abandoned grass in 1975 for green clay and the Australian Open did so in 1988 for hard courts; the US Open eventually adopted hard courts as well.

From 1877 until 1921, the club's grounds were situated on four acres of meadowland in central Wimbledon between Worple Road and the railway line. In 1908, this venue hosted the tennis events for the 1908 Summer Olympic Games. As the attendance at the Championships grew, it became obvious before the First World War that the 8,000 ground capacity at Worple Road was inadequate, and so the Club started looking for a new site. It eventually settled on an area of land off Church Road, to the north of Wimbledon town centre, and moved to its new home in 1922. At the time the relocation was regarded as something of a financial gamble, costing as it did approximately £140,000. After the Club moved to the current site in Church Road, the old Worple Road ground then became the Wimbledon High School playing field, which it remains today.

The principal court at Church Road, Centre Court, was inaugurated in 1922. The new venue was substantially larger and was needed to meet the ever-growing public demand.

 
The order of play for all courts is displayed on boards around the grounds.

Due to the possibility of rain during Wimbledon, a retractable roof was installed prior to the 2009 Championship. It is designed to close/open fully in 20 minutes and will be closed primarily to protect play from inclement (and, if necessary, extremely hot) weather during The Championships.[48] Whilst the roof is being opened or closed, play is suspended. The first time the roof was closed during a Wimbledon Championship match was on Monday 29 June 2009, involving Amélie Mauresmo and Dinara Safina. The first full match played and completed under the roof featured Andy Murray and Stan Wawrinka, played on the same date.

The court has a capacity of 14,979. At its south end is the Royal Box, from which members of the Royal Family and other dignitaries watch matches. Centre Court usually hosts the finals and semifinals of the main events, as well as many matches in the earlier rounds involving top-seeded players or local favourites.

The second most important court is No. 1 Court. The court was constructed in 1997 to replace the old No.1 Court, which was adjacent to Centre Court. The old No.1 Court was demolished because its capacity for spectators was too low. The court was said to have had a unique, more intimate atmosphere and was a favourite of many players. Construction of a new retractable roof on the No.1 Court began after the 2017 Championships and was completed in time for the 2019 championships. The capacity of the stadium also rose by 900 to 12,345.[49]

Since 2009, a new No. 2 Court has been used at Wimbledon with a capacity for 4,000 people. To obtain planning permission, the playing surface is around 3.5m below ground level, ensuring that the single-storey structure is only about 3.5m above ground level, and thus not affecting local views.[50] Plans to build on the current site of Court 13 were dismissed due to the high capacity of games played at the 2012 Olympic Games. The old No.2 Court has been renamed as No.3 Court. The old No.2 Court was known as the "Graveyard of Champions" because many highly seeded players were eliminated there during early rounds over the years, including Ilie Năstase, John McEnroe, Boris Becker, Andre Agassi, Pete Sampras, Martina Hingis, Venus Williams, Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova.[51] The court has a capacity of 2,192 + 770 standing. In 2011 a new No.3 Court and a new Court 4 were unveiled on the sites of the old No.2 and 3 courts.[52]

 
View from seats of Wimbledon Court No. 1.

Because of the summer climate in southern England, Wimbledon employs 'Court Attendants' each year, who work to maintain court conditions. Their principal responsibility is to ensure that the courts are quickly covered when it begins to rain, so that play can resume as quickly as possible once the referees decide to uncover the courts. The outer court attendants are mainly university students working to make summer money. Centre Court is covered by full-time groundstaff, however.

At the northern end of the grounds is a giant television screen on which important matches are broadcast to fans inside the grounds without tickets to the relevant court. Fans watch from a gently inclined area of grass officially known as the Aorangi Terrace. When British players do well at Wimbledon, this area attracts fans for them, and is often renamed after them by the press: Greg Rusedski's followers convened at "Rusedski Ridge", and Tim Henman has had the hill nicknamed Henman Hill. As both of them have now retired and Andy Murray is the most successful current British player, the hill is occasionally referred to as "Murray Mound" or "Murrayfield", as a reference to his Scottish heritage and the Scottish rugby ground of the same name, but this has largely failed to catch on – the area is still often referred to as Henman Hill.[citation needed] None of these nicknames are the official name.

1913 suffragette terror attack

See also: Suffragette bombing and arson campaign

An attempt was made to destroy the grounds in 1913, during the suffragette bombing and arson campaign. The suffragettes, as part of their campaign for women's votes before the First World War, had begun carrying out politically motivated arson and bombings across the country.[53] On the night of 27 February 1913, a suffragette woman "between the ages of 30–35" was arrested within the grounds, after being spotted by a groundsman climbing over a hedge at around midnight.[54] She was found to have with her some paraffin and wood shavings, for the purpose of setting fires in the grounds.[54] The woman refused to give her name or any information to the police and was later sentenced to two months' imprisonment.[54]

Bank of England Sports Centre

The qualifying matches, prior to the main draw, take place at the Bank of England Sports Ground, in Roehampton, 3.6 miles (5.8 km) from the All England Club.[55]

Traditions

 
Court 10. On the outside courts there is no reserved seating.

Social commentator Ellis Cashmore describes Wimbledon as having "a David Niven-ish propriety", in trying to conform to the standards of behaviour regarded as common in the 1950s. Writer Peter York sees the event as representing a particular white, upper middle class, affluent type of Britishness, describing the area of Wimbledon as "a southern, well off, late-Victorian suburb with a particular social character". Cashmore has criticised the event for being "remote and insulated" from the changing multicultural character of modern Britain, describing it as "nobody's idea of all-things-British".[56][importance?]

Ball boys and ball girls

In the championship games, ball boys and girls, known as BBGs, play a crucial role in the smooth running of the tournament, with a brief that a good BBG "should not be seen. They should blend into the background and get on with their jobs quietly."[57]

From 1947 ball boys were recruited from Goldings,[58] the only Barnardos school to provide them. Prior to this, from the 1920s onwards, the ball boys came from The Shaftesbury Children's Home.

 
Wimbledon ball girl at the net, 2007.

Since 1969, BBGs have been drawn from local schools. Traditionally, Wandsworth Boys School in Sutherland Grove, Southfields and Mayfield Girls School on West Hill in Wandsworth, both now defunct, were the schools of choice for selection of BBGs. This was possibly owing to their proximity to the club. Since 2008 they have been drawn from schools in the London boroughs of Merton, Sutton, Kingston, and Wandsworth, as well as from Surrey.[59] BBGs have an average age of 15, being drawn from the school years nine and ten.[60] They serve for one, or if re-selected, for up to five tournaments, up to year thirteen.[61]

Starting in 2005, BBGs work in teams of six, two at the net, four at the corners, and teams rotate one hour on court, one hour off, (two hours depending on the court) for the day's play.[60] Teams are not told which court they will be working on the day, to ensure the same standards across all courts. With the expansion of the number of courts, and lengthening the tennis day, as of 2008, the number of BBGs required is around 250. Starting on the second Wednesday, the number of BBGs is reduced due to the decrease in the number of matches per day, leaving around 80 on the final Sunday. Each BBG receives a certificate, a can of used balls, a group photograph and a programme when leaving. BBG service is paid, with a total of £160-£250 being paid to each ball boy or girl after the 13-day period, depending on the number of days served, around £17 per day. Every BBG keeps their kit. BBG places are split 50:50 between boys and girls, with girls having been included since 1977, appearing on centre court since 1985.[62]

Prospective BBGs are first nominated by their school headteacher, to be considered for selection. To be selected, a candidate must pass written tests on the rules of tennis, and pass fitness, mobility and other suitability tests, against initial preliminary instruction material. Successful candidates then commence a training phase, starting in February, in which the final BBGs are chosen through continual assessment. As of 2008, this training intake was 600. The training includes weekly sessions of physical, procedural and theoretical instruction, to ensure that the BBGs are fast, alert, self-confident and adaptable to situations. As of 2011, early training occurs at the Wimbledon All England Lawn Tennis Club Covered Courts, to the side of the Grounds, and then moves to outside courts (8, 9, 10) the week before the Championships to ensure that BBGs gain a feel of the grass court.[citation needed]

Colours and uniforms

 
Sébastien Grosjean takes a shot on Court 18 during the 2004 Championships.

Dark green and purple are the traditional Wimbledon colours. However, all tennis players participating in the tournament are required to wear all-white or at least almost all-white clothing, a long-time tradition at Wimbledon.[63][i] Wearing white clothing with some colour accents is also acceptable, provided the colour scheme is not that of an identifiable commercial brand logo (the outfitter's brand logo being the sole exception). Controversy followed Martina Navratilova's wearing branding for "Kim" cigarettes in 1982. Green clothing was worn by the chair umpire, linesmen, ball boys and ball girls until the 2005 Championships; however, beginning with the 2006 Championships, officials, ball boys and ball girls were dressed in new navy blue- and cream-coloured uniforms from American designer Ralph Lauren.

Referring to players

By tradition, the "Men's" and "Women's" competitions are referred to as "Gentlemen's" and "Ladies'" competitions at Wimbledon. The junior competitions are referred to as the "Boys'" and "Girls'" competitions.

Prior to 2009, female players were referred to by the title "Miss" or "Mrs" on scoreboards. On the Wimbledon's Champions Board, married female players were referred to by their husband's name up until 2019. For the first time during the 2009 tournament, players were referred to on scoreboards by both their first and last names.[65]

The title "Mr" is not used for male players who are professionals on scoreboards but is retained for amateurs, although chair umpires refer to players as "Mr" when they use the replay challenge. The chair umpire will say "Mr <surname> is challenging the call..." and "Mr. <surname> has X challenges remaining." Up until 2018, the chair umpire said "Miss"/"Mrs" <surname> when announcing the score of the Ladies' matches. However, the chair umpire no longer calls "Miss"/"Mrs" <surname> when announcing the score, since 2019.[66] As of the 2022 edition of the tournament, the use of Mr, Miss and Mrs was eliminated entirely: players are now referred to by their names, as written on the scoreboard by the umpire at all points in a match.

If a match is being played with two competitors of the same surname (e.g. Venus and Serena Williams, Bob and Mike Bryan), the chair umpire will specify to whom they are referring by stating the player's first name and surname during announcements (e.g. "Game, Venus Williams", "Advantage, Mike Bryan").

Royal family

 
The Royal Gallery at Centre Court, Wimbledon.

Previously, players bowed or curtsied to members of the royal family seated in the Royal Box upon entering or leaving Centre Court. However, in 2003, All England Club president Prince Edward, Duke of Kent decided to discontinue the tradition. Now, players are required to bow or curtsy only if the Prince of Wales or the King is present,[67] as was in practice during the 2010 Championships when Elizabeth II was in attendance at Wimbledon on 24 June.[68] On 27 June 2012, Roger Federer said in his post-match interview that he and his opponent had been asked to bow towards the Royal Box as Prince Charles and his wife were present, saying that it was not a problem for him.[69]

Services stewards

 
A Royal Marines Commando as a services steward in 2005.

Prior to the Second World War, members of the Brigade of Guards and retired members of the Royal Artillery performed the role of stewards. In 1946 the AELTC offered employment to wartime servicemen returning to civilian life during their demobilisation leave. Initially, this scheme extended only to the Royal Navy, followed by the British Army in 1947 and the Royal Air Force in 1949. In 1965 London Fire Brigade members joined the ranks of stewards.[70] The service stewards, wearing uniform, are present in Centre Court and No.'s 1, 2, 3, 12 and 18 courts.[71] In 2015, 595 Service and London Fire Brigade stewards attended.[72] Only enlisted members of the Armed Forces may apply for the role, which must be taken as leave, and half of each year's recruits must have stewarded at Wimbledon before. The AELTC pays a subsistence allowance to servicemen and women working as stewards to defray their accommodation costs for the period of the Championships. The Service Stewards are not to be confused with the 185 Honorary Stewards.

Tickets

 
Wimbledon operates a ticket resale system where returned Show Court tickets can be purchased.[73] All proceeds go to charity.[74]
 
Debenture of the All England Lawn Tennis Ground Ltd., issued 20. August 1930.

The majority of centre and show court tickets sold to the general public have since 1924 been made available by a public ballot that the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club holds at the start of the year.[75] The ballot has always been substantially oversubscribed. Successful applicants are selected at random by a computer.[76] The most recent figures from 2011 suggested there were four applicants to every ballot ticket. Applications must be posted to arrive at the AELTC by the last day of December in the year prior to the tournament. Seats and days are allocated randomly and ballot tickets are not transferable.

The All England Club, through its subsidiary The All England Lawn Tennis Ground plc, issues debentures to tennis fans every five years to raise funds for capital expenditure. Fans who invest thus in the club receive a pair of tickets for every day of the Wimbledon Championships for the five years the investment lasts.[77] Only debenture holders are permitted to sell on their tickets to third parties and demand for debentures has increased in recent[when?] years, to such an extent that they are even traded on the London Stock Exchange.[citation needed]

Wimbledon and the French Open are the only Grand Slam tournaments where fans without tickets for play can queue up and still get seats on the three show courts on the day of the match.[78] Sequentially numbered queue cards were introduced in 2003. From 2008, there is a single queue, allotted about 500 seats for each court. When they join the queue, fans are handed queue cards. Anyone who then wishes to leave the queue temporarily, even if in possession of a queue card, must agree their position with the others nearby in the queue and/or a steward.

To get access to the show courts, fans normally have to queue overnight.[79] This is done by fans from all over the world and, although considered vagrancy, is part of the Wimbledon experience in itself. The All-England Club allows overnight queuing and provides toilet and water facilities for campers. Early in the morning when the line moves towards the Grounds, stewards walk along the line and hand out wristbands that are colour-coded to the specific court. The wrist band (and payment) is exchanged at the ticket office for the ticket when the grounds open. General admission to the grounds gives access to the outer courts and is possible without queuing overnight. Tickets returned by people leaving early go on sale at 2:30 pm and the money goes to charity. Queuing for the show courts ends after the quarter finals have been completed.

At 2.40pm on Day Seven (Monday 28 June) of the 2010 Championships, the one-millionth numbered Wimbledon queue card was handed out to Rose Stanley from South Africa.[80][81]

Sponsorship

Unlike other tournaments, advertising from major brands is minimal and low key, from suppliers such as IBM, Rolex and Slazenger.[82][83] Wimbledon is notable for the longest running sponsorship in sports history due to its association with Slazenger who have supplied all tennis balls for the tournament since 1902.[84] Between 1935 and 2021, Wimbledon had a sponsorship deal with Robinsons fruit squash – one of the longest sponsorships in sport.[85]

Strawberries and cream

Strawberries and cream are traditionally eaten by spectators at Wimbledon and have become culturally synonymous with the tournament. In 2017, fans consumed 34,000 kg (33 imperial tons) of British strawberries and 10,000 litres (2,200 imperial gallons) of cream.

Media

Main article: List of Wimbledon broadcasters

Radio Wimbledon

Main article: Radio Wimbledon

Until 2011 when its contract ended,[86] Radio Wimbledon could be heard within a five-mile radius on 87.7 FM, and also online. It operated under a Restricted Service Licence. Presenters included Sam Lloyd and Ali Barton. Typically they worked alternate four-hour shifts until the end of the last match of the day. Reporters and commentators included Gigi Salmon, Nick Lestor, Rupert Bell, Nigel Bidmead, Guy Swindells, Lucie Ahl, Nadine Towell and Helen Whitaker. Often they reported from the "Crow's Nest", an elevated building housing the Court 3 and 4 scoreboards which affords views of most of the outside courts. Regular guests included Sue Mappin. In later years Radio Wimbledon acquired a second low-power FM frequency (within the grounds only) of 96.3 FM for uninterrupted Centre Court commentary, and, from 2006, a third for coverage from No. 1 Court on 97.8 FM. Hourly news bulletins and travel (using RDS) were also broadcast.

Radio Wimbledon's theme tune is called "Purple and Green" and has been used since 1996 when it was composed by a British Composer called Tony Cox.

Television coverage

Beginning with the 2018 tournament, an in-house operation known as Wimbledon Broadcasting Services (WBS) has served as the official host broadcaster of the tournament, replacing BBC Sport.[87]

United Kingdom

 
People watching the Championships' broadcast in Canary Wharf.
Further information: Timeline of tennis on UK television

Since 1937 the BBC has broadcast the tournament on television in the United Kingdom.[88][j] Between 1956 and 1968 The Championships were also covered by the ITV Network, but since 1969 the BBC has had a monopoly. The matches covered are primarily split between its two main terrestrial channels, BBC One and BBC Two, and their Red Button service. This can result in live matches being moved across all 3 channels. The BBC holds the broadcast rights for Wimbledon until 2027.[90] During the days of British Satellite Broadcasting, its sports channel carried extra coverage of Wimbledon for subscribers. One of the most notable British commentators was Dan Maskell, who was known as the BBC's "voice of tennis" until his retirement in 1991. John Barrett succeeded him in that role until he retired in 2006. Current commentators working for the BBC at Wimbledon include British ex-players Andrew Castle, John Lloyd, Tim Henman, Greg Rusedski, Samantha Smith and Mark Petchey; tennis legends such as John McEnroe, Tracy Austin, Boris Becker and Lindsay Davenport; and general sports commentators including David Mercer, Barry Davies, Andrew Cotter and Nick Mullins. The coverage is presented by Sue Barker (live) and Claire Balding (highlights). Previous BBC presenters include Des Lynam, David Vine, John Inverdale and Harry Carpenter.

The Wimbledon Finals are obliged to be shown live and in full on terrestrial television (BBC Television Service, ITV, Channel 4, or Channel 5) by government mandate. Highlights of the rest of the tournament must be provided by terrestrial stations; live coverage (excepting the finals) may be sought by satellite or cable TV.[91]

The BBC was forced to apologise after many viewers complained about "over-talking" by its commentary team during the TV coverage of the event in 2011. It said in a statement that views on commentary were subjective but that they "do appreciate that over-talking can irritate our audience". The BBC added that it hoped it had achieved "the right balance" across its coverage and was "of course sorry if on occasion you have not been satisfied". Tim Henman and John McEnroe were among the ex-players commentating.[92]

Wimbledon was also involved in a piece of television history, when on 1 July 1967 the first official colour television broadcast took place in the UK. Four hours live coverage of the 1967 Championships was shown on BBC Two, which was the first television channel in Europe to regularly broadcast in colour. Footage of that historic match no longer survives, however, the Gentlemen's Final of that year is still held in the BBC archives because it was the first Gentlemen's Final transmitted in colour. The tennis balls used were traditionally white, but were switched to yellow in 1986 to make them stand out for colour television.[93] Since 2007, Wimbledon matches have been transmitted in high-definition, originally on the BBC's free-to-air channel BBC HD, with continual live coverage during the tournament of Centre Court and Court No. 1 as well as an evening highlights show Today at Wimbledon. Coverage is now shown on BBC One and Two's HD feeds. Beginning 2018, all centre court matches are televised in 4K ultra-high-definition.[94]

The BBC's opening theme music for Wimbledon was composed by Keith Mansfield and is titled "Light and Tuneful". A piece titled "A Sporting Occasion" is the traditional closing theme. The finally notes of this theme are regularly used to end BBC One and BBC Two Wimbledon transmissions. For the end of broadcast at the conclusion of the tournament a montage set to popular music is traditionally used instead. Mansfield also composed the piece "World Champion", used by NBC during intervals (change-overs, set breaks, etc.) and at the close of broadcasts throughout the tournament.

Ireland

In Ireland, RTÉ broadcast the tournament during the 1980s and 1990s on their second channel RTÉ Two, they also provided highlights of the games in the evening. The commentary provided was given by Matt Doyle a former Irish-American professional tennis player and Jim Sherwin a former RTÉ newsreader. Caroline Murphy was the presenter of the programme. RTÉ made the decision in 1998 to discontinue broadcasting the tournament due to falling viewing figures and the large number of viewers watching on the BBC.[95] From 2005 until 2014 TG4 Ireland's Irish-language broadcaster provided coverage of the tournament. Live coverage was provided in the Irish language while they broadcast highlights in English at night.[96]

In 2015 Wimbledon moved to pay TV broadcaster Setanta Sports under a 3-year agreement.[97] Its successor, Eir Sport, currently hosts broadcasting rights in Ireland.

Americas

In the United States, ABC began showing taped highlights of the Wimbledon Gentlemen's Singles Final in the 1960s on its Wide World of Sports series. NBC began a 43-year run of covering Wimbledon in 1969, with same-day taped (and often edited) coverage of the Gentlemen's Singles Final. In 1979, the network began carrying the Gentlemen's and Ladies' Singles Finals live. For the next few decades, Americans made a tradition of NBC's "Breakfast at Wimbledon"[98] specials at weekends. Live coverage started early in the morning (the US being a minimum of 5 hours behind the UK) and continued well into the afternoon, interspersed with commentary and interviews from Bud Collins, whose tennis acumen and famous patterned trousers were well known to tennis fans in the US. Collins was sacked by NBC in 2007, but was promptly hired by ESPN, the cable home for The Championships in the States. For many years NBC's primary Wimbledon host was veteran broadcaster Dick Enberg.

From 1975 to 1999, premium channel HBO carried weekday coverage of Wimbledon. Hosts included Jim Lampley, Billie Jean King, Martina Navratilova, John Lloyd and Barry MacKay among others.[99] ESPN took over as the cable-television partner in 2003.[100]

The AELTC grew frustrated with NBC's policy of waiting to begin its quarterfinal and semifinal coverage until after the conclusion of Today at 10 a.m. local, as well as broadcasting live only to the Eastern Time Zone and using tape-delay in all others. NBC also held over high-profile matches for delayed broadcast in its window, regardless of any ongoing matches. In one notorious incident in 2009, ESPN2's coverage of the Tommy Haas–Novak Djokovic quarterfinal was forced off the air nationwide when it ran past 10 a.m. Eastern, after which NBC showed the conclusion of the match on tape only after presenting the previous Ivo Karlović–Roger Federer quarterfinal in full.[101] Beginning with the 2012 tournament, coverage moved to ESPN and ESPN2, marking the second major tennis championship (after the Australian Open) where live coverage is exclusively on pay television, while ESPN Deportes provide the coverage in Spanish. The finals are also broadcast tape-delayed on ABC.[102] On 9 July 2021, ESPN and AELTC reached an agreement to extend the coverage for 12 years, beginning from 2024 until 2035. This agreement is including live coverage on ABC of play on the middle weekend which begins in 2022, after AELTC announces will no longer schedule a rest day on its middle Sunday.[103]

Taped coverage using the world feed is aired in primetime and overnights on Tennis Channel and is branded Wimbledon Primetime.

In Canada, coverage of Wimbledon is exclusively carried by TSN and RDS, which are co-owned by Bell Media and ESPN. Prior to 2012, CBC Television and SRC were the primary broadcaster of Wimbledon for Canada, and its live coverage of the tournament predated "Breakfast at Wimbledon" by over a decade, Canada being at least four hours from its fellow Commonwealth realm.

In Mexico, the Televisa family of networks has aired Wimbledon since the early 1960s. Presently, most weekend matches are broadcast through Canal 5 with the weekday matches broadcast on the Televisa Deportes Network. As Mexico is six hours behind the U.K., some Canal 5 affiliates air the weekend matches as the first program of the day after sign-on. Although Mexico had begun broadcasting in colour in 1962, Wimbledon continued to air in black and white in Mexico until colour television came to the United Kingdom in 1967.

In most of the remainder of Latin America, Wimbledon airs on ESPN, as do the other Grand Slam tournaments. In Brazil, SporTV has exclusive rights to the broadcast.

Other countries

In several European countries, Wimbledon is shown live on Eurosport 1, Eurosport 2 and the Eurosport Player. Although there are some exceptions, as in Denmark, where the Danish TV2 holds the right to show matches until 2022 and in Italy where Sky Sport and SuperTennis holds the rights to show live matches until 2022. In the Netherlands Center Court is shown live on Eurosport 1 and all other courts are shown live on the Eurosport Player. But Court One is covered live on Ziggo Sport/Ziggo Sport Select. Wimbledon has been exclusively broadcast on Sky Sport in Germany since 2007.[104] In December 2018, Sky extended its contract for Austria, Germany and Switzerland until 2022.[105]

In Australia, the free-to-air Nine Network covered Wimbledon for almost 40 years but decided to drop their broadcast following the 2010 tournament, citing declining ratings and desire to use money saved to bid on other sports coverage. In April 2011, it was announced that the Seven Network, the then-host broadcaster of the Australian Open, along with its sister channel 7Two would broadcast the event from 2011. Pay television network Fox Sports Australia also covered the event. Free-to-air coverage returned to Nine Network in 2021. In India and its Subcontinental region, it is broadcast on Star Sports. In Pakistan it is broadcast on PTV Sports.

Coverage is free-to-air in New Zealand through TVNZ One, beginning each night at 11 pm (midday in London). In 2017 their new channel, TVNZ Duke (also free-to-air), carried an alternative to the main feed, including (for example) matches on outside courts involving New Zealand players.

Fox Sports Asia held broadcasting rights across Southeast Asia from 1992 until network's shutdown in 2021. SPOTV currently holds broadcasting rights across Southeast Asia (except Vietnam). Disney+ Hotstar currently holds broadcasting rights in Vietnam before the streaming service launched in early 2023.

Most matches are also available for viewing through internet betting websites and other live streaming services, as television cameras are set up to provide continuous coverage on nearly all the courts.

Trophies and prize money

Trophies

 
The Ladies' (top) and Gentlemen's singles trophies

The Gentlemen's Singles champion is presented with a silver gilt cup 18.5 inches (about 47 cm) in height and 7.5 inches (about 19 cm) in diameter. The trophy has been awarded since 1887 and bears the inscription: "All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed Championship of the World". The actual trophy remains the property of the All England Club in their museum, so the champion receives a three-quarter size replica of the Cup bearing the names of all past Champions (height 13.5 inches, 34 cm).[106]

The Ladies' Singles champion is presented with a sterling silver salver commonly known as the "Venus Rosewater Dish", or simply the "Rosewater Dish". The salver, which is 18.75 inches (about 48 cm) in diameter, is decorated with figures from mythology. The actual dish remains the property of the All England Club in their museum, so the champion receives a miniature replica bearing the names of all past Champions. From 1949 to 2006 the replica was 8 inches in diameter, and since 2007 it has been a three-quarter size replica with a diameter of 13.5 inches.[106]

The winner of the Gentlemen's Doubles, Ladies' Doubles, and Mixed Doubles events receive silver cups. A trophy is awarded to each player in the Doubles pair, unlike the other Grand Slam tournaments where the winning Doubles duo shares a single trophy. The Gentlemen's Doubles silver challenge cup was originally from the Oxford University Lawn Tennis Club and donated to the All England Club in 1884. The Ladies' Doubles Trophy, a silver cup and cover known as The Duchess of Kent Challenge Cup, was presented to the All England Club in 1949 by The Duchess of Kent. The Mixed Doubles Trophy is a silver challenge cup and cover presented to the All England Club by the family of two-time Wimbledon doubles winner Sydney Smith.[106][107]

 
Todd Woodbridge holding the Gentlemen's doubles silver challenge cup in 2004

The runner-up in each event receives an inscribed silver plate. The trophies are usually presented by the President of the All England Club, The Duke of Kent.[106]

Prize money

Prize money was first awarded in 1968, the year that professional players were allowed to compete in the Championships for the first time. Total prize money was £26,150; the winner of the men's title earned £2,000 while the women's singles champion received £750.[108][109] In money as of 2018, £2,000 as of 1968 equals £34,600 however.[110] In 2007, Wimbledon[111][112] and French Open[113] became the last grand slam tournaments to award unequal prize money to women and men.

In 2009, a total of £12,500,000 in prize money was awarded with the singles champions receiving £850,000 each, an increase of 13.3 percent on 2008.[114] In 2010 total prize money increased to £13,725,000, and the singles champions received £1,000,000 each. A further increase of 6.4% in 2011 resulted in a total prize money amount of £14,600,000. Both male and female singles champions prize money increased to £1,100,000, a rise of 10%.[115] The 2012 Championships offered total prize money of £16,060,000, an increase of 10.0% from 2011. The bulk of the increases were given to players losing in earlier rounds.[116] This move was in response to the growing angst among lower-ranked players concerning the inadequacy of their pay. Sergiy Stakhovsky, a member of the ATP Player Council and who was at the time ranked 68th, was among the most vocal in the push for higher pay for players who bow out in the earlier rounds. In an interview Stakhovsky intimated that it is not uncommon for lower-ranked players to be in the negative, for certain tour events, if their results were not stellar.[117] This issue gained the attention of the men's "Big Four"—Novak Djokovic, Roger Federer, Andy Murray, and Rafael Nadal—as well as the Championships.

In 2013 total prize money was further increased by about 40% from 2012 to £22,560,000. The losers in the earlier singles rounds of the tournament saw a highest 62% increase in their pay while the total prize money of the doubles increased by 22%. The prize money for participants of the qualifying matches saw an increase of 41%. Sergiy Stakhovsky, a member of the ATP Player Council, was the loudest voice for this increase.[118] The 2015 prize money was £1,880,000 each for the Gentlemen's and Ladies' Singles winners, £340,000 each pair for the Gentlemen's and Ladies' Doubles winners, and £100,000 per pair for the Mixed Doubles winners. The total prize money awarded is £26,750,000 up 7% from the £25,000,000 in 2014.[119] The 2016 Wimbledon Championships saw prize money for the Gentlemen's and Ladies' Singles winners reach £2,000,000 for the first time. The winning pair of the Gentlemen's and Ladies' Doubles received £350,000, a £10,000 increase from 2015. £100,000 was awarded to the winning pair of the Mixed Doubles competition.

In 2016, the total prize money of £28,100,000 was a 5% increase on the 2015 prize money.

In 2017, the total prize money rose by 12.5% to £31,600,000, with the Gentlemen's and Ladies' Singles Champions each receiving £2.2 million, a 10% increase from £2.0 million in 2016. In 2019 prize money was increased to £38,000,000.[120]

In 2022, the tournament was played with a full capacity crowd for the first time since 2019, and the total prize money increased by 15.23% to a record £40,350,000. The Ladies’ and Gentlemen’s Singles Champions each received £2,000,000, an increase of 17.65% from 2021.[121]

2022 Gentlemen's & Ladies' prize money[122]
2022 Event W F SF QF Round of 16 Round of 32 Round of 64 Round of 1281 Q3 Q2 Q1
Singles £2,000,000 £1,050,000 £535,000 £310,000 £190,000 £120,000 £78,000 £50,000 £32,000 £19,000 £11,000
Doubles £540,000 £270,000 £135,000 £67,000 £33,000 £20,000 £12,500 — — — —
Doubles prize money is per team.

Ranking points

Ranking points for the ATP and WTA have varied at Wimbledon through the years but at present singles players receive the following points:

Event W F SF QF 4R 3R 2R 1R
Singles Gentlemen 2000 1200 720 360 180 90 45 10
Ladies 1300 780 430 240 130 70 10
Doubles Gentlemen 2000 1200 720 360 180 90 0 –
Ladies 1300 780 430 240 130 10 –

Champions

Past champions

Current champions

2022 Wimbledon Championships
  •  

    Novak Djokovic, the winner of the 2022 gentlemen's singles. It was his twenty-first major title and his seventh Wimbledon title.

  •  

    Elena Rybakina, the winner of the 2022 ladies' singles. It was her first major title.

  •  

    Matthew Ebden was part of the 2022 winning men's doubles team. It was his first major title.

  •  

    Max Purcell was part of the 2022 winning men's doubles team. It was his first major title.

  •  

    Barbora Krejčíková was part of the 2022 winning women's doubles title. It was her fifth major title and her second Wimbledon title.

  •  

    Kateřina Siniaková was part of the 2022 winning women's doubles title. It was her fifth major title and her second Wimbledon title.

  •  

    Desirae Krawczyk was part of the 2022 winning mixed doubles title. It was her fourth major title and her second Wimbledon title.

  •  

    Neal Skupski was part of the 2022 winning mixed doubles team. It was his second major title and his second Wimbledon title.

Most recent finals

Records

 
Roger Federer, the all-time record holder in men's singles.
 
Martina Navratilova, the all-time record holder in women's singles.

Gentlemen since 1877

Record Era Player(s) Count Winning years
Most singles titles Pre-Open Era   William Renshaw 7 1881–1886, 1889
Open Era   Roger Federer 8 2003–2007, 2009, 2012, 2017
Most consecutive singles titles Pre-Open Era   William Renshaw[k] 6 1881–1886
Open Era   Björn Borg
  Roger Federer 		5 1976–1980
2003–2007
Most doubles titles Pre-Open Era   Reginald Doherty
  Laurence Doherty 		8 1897–1901, 1903–1905
Open Era   Todd Woodbridge 9 1993–1997, 2000 (with Mark Woodforde), 2002–2004 (with Jonas Björkman)
Most consecutive doubles titles Pre-Open Era   Reginald Doherty
  Laurence Doherty 		5 1897–1901
Open Era   Todd Woodbridge
  Mark Woodforde 		1993–1997
Most mixed doubles titles Pre-Open Era   Ken Fletcher
  Vic Seixas 		4 1963, 1965–1966, 1968 (with Margaret Court)
1953–1956 (3 with Doris Hart, 1 with Shirley Fry Irvin)
Open Era   Owen Davidson
  Leander Paes 		1967, 1971, 1973–1974 (with Billie Jean King)
1999 (with Lisa Raymond), 2003 (with Martina Navratilova), 2010 (with Cara Black), 2015 (with Martina Hingis)
Most Championships
(singles, doubles & mixed doubles) 		Before 1968   Laurence Doherty 13 1897–1906 (5 singles, 8 doubles)
Open Era   Todd Woodbridge 10 1993–2004 (9 doubles, 1 mixed doubles)

Ladies since 1884

Record Era Player(s) Count Winning years
Most singles titles Pre-Open Era   Helen Wills 8 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1938
Open Era  /  Martina Navratilova 9 1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1990
Most consecutive singles titles Pre-Open Era   Suzanne Lenglen 5 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923
Open Era  /  Martina Navratilova 6 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987
Most doubles titles Pre-Open Era   Elizabeth Ryan 12 1914 (with Agatha Morton), 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925 (with Suzanne Lenglen), 1926 (with Mary Browne), 1927, 1930 (with Helen Wills), 1933, 1934 (with Simonne Mathieu)
Open Era  /  Martina Navratilova 7 1976 (with Chris Evert), 1979 (with Billie Jean King), 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986 (with Pam Shriver)
Most consecutive doubles titles Pre-Open Era   Suzanne Lenglen
  Elizabeth Ryan 		5 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923
Open Era  /  Martina Navratilova
  Pam Shriver

 /  Natasha Zvereva

4 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984

1991 (with Larisa Neiland), 1992, 1993, 1994 (with Gigi Fernández)

Most mixed doubles titles Pre-Open Era   Elizabeth Ryan 7 1919, 1921, 1923 (with Randolph Lycett), 1927 (with Frank Hunter), 1928 (with Patrick Spence), 1930 (with Jack Crawford), 1932 (with Enrique Maier)
Open Era  /  Martina Navratilova 4 1985 (with Paul McNamee), 1993 (with Mark Woodforde), 1995 (with Jonathan Stark), 2003 (with Leander Paes)
Most Championships
(singles, doubles & mixed doubles) 		Pre-Open Era   Elizabeth Ryan 19 1914–34 (12 doubles, 7 mixed doubles)
Open Era  /  Martina Navratilova 20 1976–2003 (9 singles, 7 doubles, 4 mixed doubles)
Combined   Billie Jean King 20 1961–79 (6 singles, 10 doubles, 4 mixed doubles)

Miscellaneous

 
Commemorative plaque at Court 18 marking the longest tennis match in history.
Record M/W Player(s) Year(s)
Unseeded champions Men   Boris Becker
  Goran Ivanišević 		1985
2001
Youngest singles champion Men   Boris Becker 17 years 7 months 1985
Women   Lottie Dod 15 years 9 months 1887
Oldest singles champion Men   Arthur Gore 41 years 6 months 1909
Women   Charlotte Cooper 37 years 9 months 1908
Lowest-ranked winner Men   Goran Ivanišević 125th 2001
Women   Venus Williams 31st (23rd seed)
 2007
Singles winning % Men   Björn Borg 92.72% (51–4) 1973–1981 (Open era)
Women   Steffi Graf 90.36% (75–8) 1984–1999 (Open era)
Singles match wins Men   Roger Federer 105 2001–2021 (Open era)
Women  /  Martina Navratilova 120 1973–2004 (Open era)
Most matches played Men   Jean Borotra 223 1922–39, 1948–64
Women  /  Martina Navratilova 326 1973–2006
Most consecutive events played Men   Arthur Gore[123] 30 1888–1922
Women   Virginia Wade[124] 26 1960–1985
Longest match by time Men   John Isner vs
  Nicolas Mahut 		11hrs 5mins 2010
Women   Chanda Rubin vs
  Patricia Hy-Boulais 		3hrs 45mins[125] 1995
Longest final by time Men   Novak Djokovic vs
  Roger Federer 		4hrs 57mins 2019
Women   Lindsay Davenport vs
  Venus Williams 		2hrs 45mins 2005
Winners of both
junior and senior singles 		Men   Björn Borg
  Pat Cash
  Stefan Edberg
  Roger Federer 		1972
1982
1983
1998 		1976–80 inclusive
1987
1988, 1990
2003–07, 2009, 2012, 2017
Women   Ashleigh Barty
  Karen Hantze
  Ann Haydon
  Martina Hingis
  Amélie Mauresmo 		2011
1960
1956
1994
1996 		2021
1962
1969 (under married name Jones)
1997
2006

See also

Lists of champions
Other Grand Slam tournaments

Notes

  1. ^ Except Centre Court & No. 1 Court during rain; each having a retractable roof
  2. ^ In the main draws, there are 128 singles players (S) and 64 doubles teams (D), and there are 128 and 16 entrants in the respective qualifying (Q) draws.
  3. ^ Informally known as The Championships, Wimbledon
  4. ^ A Centre Court did not yet exist during the first four years of the championship.[13]
  5. ^ To date only four finals were played on a Monday due to rain: 1919, 1922, 1988, and 2001.
  6. ^ The men who are eligible for the Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles are 35 years old and older.
  7. ^ The men who are eligible for the Senior Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles are 45 years old and older.
  8. ^ In a single-elimination tournament, a losing player or team is eliminated from the tournament.
  9. ^ Guidelines regarding the prominently-white clothing rule include no solid mass of colouring; coloured trims not to exceed 1 cm; shirt or dress backs to be totally white; all other items of clothing, including shorts, shirts, caps, headbands, socks, and shoe uppers to be predominantly white.[64]
  10. ^ During the first year of television coverage in 1937 the BBC used two cameras at the Centre Court to transmit matches for a maximum of half an hour a day. The first match to be broadcast was between Bunny Austin and George Lyttleton-Rogers.[89]
  11. ^ In Renshaw's era, the defending champion was exempt from playing in the main draw, playing only in the final. This policy was abolished in 1922.

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Further reading

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wimbledon, championships, most, recent, championships, 2022, commonly, known, simply, wimbledon, oldest, tennis, tournament, world, widely, regarded, most, prestigious, been, held, england, club, wimbledon, london, since, 1877, played, outdoor, grass, courts, . For the most recent championships see 2022 Wimbledon Championships The Wimbledon Championships commonly known simply as Wimbledon c is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is widely regarded as the most prestigious 2 3 4 5 6 It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon London since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts with retractable roofs over the two main courts since 2019 Wimbledon ChampionshipsOfficial websiteFounded1877 146 years ago 1877 Editions135 2022 LocationLondonEngland United KingdomVenueAll England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club Worple Road 1877 1921 Church Road since 1922 SurfaceGrass outdoors a Prize money 40 350 000 2022 1 Men sDrawS 128Q 64D 16Q b Current championsNovak Djokovic singles Matthew Ebden Max Purcell doubles Most singles titlesRoger Federer 8 Most doubles titlesTodd Woodbridge 9 Women sDrawS 128Q 64D 16Q Current championsElena Rybakina singles Barbora Krejcikova Katerina Siniakova doubles Most singles titlesMartina Navratilova 9 Most doubles titlesElizabeth Ryan 12 Mixed doublesDraw48Current championsDesirae Krawczyk Neal SkupskiMost titles male Leander Paes 4 Vic Seixas 4 Owen Davidson 4 Ken Fletcher 4 Most titles female Elizabeth Ryan 7 Grand SlamAustralian Open French Open Wimbledon US OpenLast completed2022 WimbledonWimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments the others being the Australian Open the French Open and the US Open Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass the traditional tennis playing surface Also it is the only Grand Slam that retains a night time curfew though matches can now continue until 11 00 pm under the lights The tournament traditionally takes place over two weeks in late June and early July starting on the last Monday in June and culminating with the Ladies and Gentlemen s Singles Finals scheduled for the Saturday and Sunday at the end of the second week Five major events are held each year with additional junior and invitational competitions also taking place In 2009 Wimbledon s Centre Court was fitted with a retractable roof to lessen the loss of playing time due to rain A roof was operational over No 1 Court from 2019 7 when a number of other improvements were made including adding cushioned seating a table and 10 independently operable cameras per court to capture the games Wimbledon traditions include a strict all white dress code for competitors and royal patronage Strawberries and cream are traditionally consumed at the tournament 8 Unlike other tournaments advertising is minimal and low key from official suppliers such as Slazenger and Rolex The relationship with Slazenger is the world s longest running sporting sponsorship providing balls for the tournament since 1902 9 Due to the COVID 19 pandemic 2020 Wimbledon was cancelled the first cancellation of the tournament since World War II 10 The rescheduled 134th edition was staged from 28 June 2021 to 11 July 2021 following from the 2020 cancellation The 135th edition was played between 27 June 2022 and 10 July 2022 and regularly scheduled play occurred on the middle Sunday for the first time It marks the centenary of the inaugural championships staged at the Centre Court The ATP ITF and WTA did not award ranking points for the 2022 tournament due to controversy over the tournament excluding players representing Russia and Belarus The 2023 Wimbledon Championships will be the 136th staging and will run from 3 July 2023 to 16 July 2023 and it will be the first event of King Charles III since the death of the former patron Queen Elizabeth II on 8 September 2022 Contents 1 History 1 1 Beginning 1 2 21st century 2 Events 2 1 Main events 2 2 Junior events 2 3 Invitation events 2 4 Match formats 3 Schedule 4 Players and seeding 5 Grounds 5 1 1913 suffragette terror attack 5 2 Bank of England Sports Centre 6 Traditions 6 1 Ball boys and ball girls 6 2 Colours and uniforms 6 3 Referring to players 6 4 Royal family 6 5 Services stewards 6 6 Tickets 6 7 Sponsorship 6 8 Strawberries and cream 7 Media 7 1 Radio Wimbledon 7 2 Television coverage 7 2 1 United Kingdom 7 2 2 Ireland 7 2 3 Americas 7 2 4 Other countries 8 Trophies and prize money 8 1 Trophies 8 2 Prize money 9 Ranking points 10 Champions 10 1 Past champions 10 2 Current champions 10 3 Most recent finals 11 Records 11 1 Gentlemen since 1877 11 2 Ladies since 1884 11 3 Miscellaneous 12 See also 13 Notes 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External linksHistory EditBeginning Edit Spencer Gore the winner of the inaugural Wimbledon Championship The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club is a private club founded on 23 July 1868 originally as The All England Croquet Club Its first ground was at Nursery Road off Worple Road Wimbledon 11 In 1876 lawn tennis a game devised by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield a year or so earlier as an outdoor version of real tennis and originally given the name Sphairistike was added to the activities of the club In spring 1877 the club was renamed The All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club and signalled its change of name by instituting the first Lawn Tennis Championship A new code of laws replacing the code administered by the Marylebone Cricket Club was drawn up for the event Today s rules are similar except for details such as the height of the net and posts and the distance of the service line from the net The inaugural 1877 Wimbledon Championship started on 9 July 1877 and the Gentlemen s Singles was the only event held 22 men paid a guinea to enter the tournament which was to be held over five days The rain delayed it four more days and thus on 19 July 1877 the final was played Spencer Gore an old Harrovian rackets player defeated William Marshall 6 1 6 2 and 6 4 in 48 minutes Gore was presented with the silver challenge cup valued at 25 guineas and donated by the sports magazine The Field as well as a prize money of 12 guineas About 200 spectators paid one shilling each to watch the final 12 The lawns at the ground were arranged so that the principal court was in the middle with the others arranged around it hence the title Centre Court d The name was retained when the Club moved in 1922 to the present site in Church Road although no longer a true description of its location 14 However in 1980 four new courts were brought into commission on the north side of the ground which meant the Centre Court was once more correctly described The opening of the new No 1 Court in 1997 emphasised the description Ladies Championship 1884 First prize awarded to Maud Watson was a silver flower basket worth 20 guineas By 1882 activity at the club was almost exclusively confined to lawn tennis and that year the word croquet was dropped from the title However for sentimental reasons it was restored in 1899 In 1884 the club added the Ladies Singles competition and the Gentlemen s Doubles was transferred from the Oxford University Lawn Tennis Club ladies doubles and mixed doubles events were added in 1913 The first black player to compete at Wimbledon was Bertrand Milbourne Clark an amateur from Jamaica in 1924 15 Until 1922 the reigning champion had to play only in the final against whoever had won through to challenge them As with the other three Major or Grand Slam events Wimbledon was contested by top ranked amateur players professional players were prohibited from participating This changed with the advent of the open era in 1968 No British man won the singles event at Wimbledon between Fred Perry in 1936 and Andy Murray in 2013 while no British woman has won since Virginia Wade in 1977 although Annabel Croft and Laura Robson won the Girls Championship in 1984 and 2008 respectively The Championship was first televised in 1937 Though formally called The Championships Wimbledon depending on sources the event is also known as The All England Lawn Tennis Championships the Wimbledon Championships or simply Wimbledon From 1912 to 1924 the tournament was recognized by the International Lawn Tennis Federation as the World Grass Court Championships In the period of 1915 1918 no tournament was organized due to World War I During World War II the tournament was not held in the period 1940 1945 On 11 October 1940 one bomb hit a corner of the competitors stand of the Centre Court The championships did go ahead in 1946 even though the damage meant that 1 200 seats were lost The organisers were unable to repair the damaged section until 1947 and the Centre Court was fully restored and renovated for the 1949 edition 16 In 1946 and 1947 Wimbledon was held before the French Championships and was thus the second Grand Slam tennis event of the year 21st century Edit Wimbledon is widely considered the world s premier tennis tournament and the priority of the club is to maintain its leadership To that end a long term plan was unveiled in 1993 intended to improve the quality of the event for spectators players officials and neighbours 17 Stage one 1994 1997 of the plan was completed for the 1997 championships and involved building the new No 1 Court in Aorangi Park a broadcast centre two extra grass courts and a tunnel under the hill linking Church Road and Somerset Road Stage two 1997 2009 involved the removal of the old No 1 Court complex to make way for the new Millennium Building providing extensive facilities for players press officials and members and the extension of the West Stand of the Centre Court with 728 extra seats Stage three 2000 2011 was completed with the construction of an entrance building club staff housing museum bank and ticket office 18 A new retractable roof was built in time for the 2009 championships marking the first time that rain did not stop play for a lengthy time on Centre Court The Club tested the new roof at an event called A Centre Court Celebration on Sunday 17 May 2009 which featured exhibition matches involving Andre Agassi Steffi Graf Kim Clijsters and Tim Henman The first Championship match to take place under the roof was the completion of the fourth round women s singles match between Dinara Safina and Amelie Mauresmo The first match to be played in its entirety under the new roof took place between Andy Murray and Stanislas Wawrinka on 29 June 2009 Murray was also involved in the match completed latest in the day at Wimbledon which ended at 11 02 pm in a victory over Marcos Baghdatis at Centre Court in the third round of the 2012 Championships The 2012 Gentlemen s Singles Final on 8 July 2012 between Roger Federer and Murray was the first singles final to be partially played under the roof which was activated during the third set e A new 4 000 seat No 2 Court was built on the site of the old No 13 Court in time for the 2009 Championships 19 A new 2 000 seat No 3 Court was built on the site of the old No 2 and No 3 Courts 20 On 1 August 2011 the All England Club transferred all of its assets relating to The Championships to a separate though wholly owned subsidiary The All England Lawn Tennis Club Championships Limited also known as AELTC Since that time the club s activities have been formally conducted separately from those of The Championships 21 In 2012 the All England Club hosted the Summer Olympic Games and became the first Olympic grass court tournament since tennis was reintroduced as an Olympic sport and the first to be held at a Grand Slam venue in the Open era 22 In April 2013 Wimbledon unveiled its Master Plan a vision in which to improve the championships over the next 10 15 years This was in large part due to other Grand Slam tournaments such as the French Open and Australian Open also announcing expansion and re development plans 23 24 Aspects of the master plan included new player and media facilities expansion of the No 1 court including a new retractable roof new catering and hospitality areas additional floor to the museum building construction of an underground car park and new indoor courts and also a total reconfiguration of the site including the relocation of a number of practice clay and championship courts 25 Part of the plan also includes acquiring the land of the adjacent Wimbledon Park Golf club for 65 million so that the tournament qualifying matches can be played on site 26 On 19 October 2018 it was announced that a tie break will be played if the score reaches 12 12 in the final set of any match this will apply to all competitions including in qualifying singles and doubles 27 28 In a related statement it was announced that starting at the 2019 Championships quad wheelchair competitions would become a permanent event 29 Centre Court at Wimbledon in May 2019 As a result of the COVID 19 global pandemic the All England Club announced on 1 April 2020 that the entire grass court season was to be cancelled as a public safety precaution marking the first time a Wimbledon tournament would not be played since World War II 30 Club officials considered playing the tournament behind closed doors but this was ruled out in part because at least 5 000 people including ballboys officials coaches maintenance and security would have still needed to be on site to hold a functioning tournament Former player and current All England Club board member Tim Henman told the Tennis Channel of the US that the board had carefully considered holding a closed door Wimbledon However the sheer number of people who still would have needed to be on site led the board to realise that wasn t going to be a workable option 31 Prior to the start of the 2003 tournament the club began paying an annual insurance premium of 1 61m 2 million to cover losses from cancellation of Wimbledon in the event of a worldwide pandemic as a result of the SARS outbreak it would receive an insurance payment of 114 million 141 million for the 2020 cancellation on expected losses of around 250 million 312 million 32 In April 2022 due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the All England Club announced that Russian and Belarusian players would be prohibited from competing in the tournament Unlike the ATP and WTA participation as neutral athletes is also prohibited 33 On 20 May 2022 the ATP ITF and WTA announced that they will not award ranking points for the tournament as they considered the prohibition unilateral and constituted discrimination against players based on nationality 34 Events EditWimbledon consists of five main events four junior events and seven invitation events 35 Main events Edit The five main events and the number of players or teams in the case of doubles are Gentlemen s Singles 128 Ladies Singles 128 Gentlemen s Doubles 64 Ladies Doubles 64 Mixed Doubles 48 Junior events Edit The four junior events and the number of players or teams are Boys Singles 64 Girls Singles 64 Boys Doubles 32 Girls Doubles 32 No mixed doubles event is held at this level Invitation events Edit The seven invitational events and the number of pairs are Gentlemen s Invitation Doubles 8 pairs Round Robin f Ladies Invitation Doubles 8 pairs Round Robin Senior Gentlemen s Invitation Doubles 8 pairs Round Robin g Gentlemen s Wheelchair Singles 36 Ladies Wheelchair Singles Gentlemen s Wheelchair Doubles 4 pairs 37 Ladies Wheelchair Doubles 4 pairs 37 Match formats Edit Matches in the Gentlemen s Singles and Doubles are best of five sets all other events are best of three sets Up to and including the 2018 tournament a tiebreak game is played if the score reaches 6 all in any set except the fifth in a five set match or the third in a three set match in which case a two game lead must be reached Since 2019 a final set tiebreak game is played if the score in the final set reaches 12 all 27 In 2022 it was decided all matches would have a final set tie break once the match reached 6 6 with a champions tie break taking place meaning the winner needs to get to 10 points and win by two clear points If the score is 9 9 play continues until one player wins by two points All events are single elimination tournaments h except for the Gentlemen s Senior Gentlemen s and the Ladies Invitation Doubles which are round robin tournaments Up to 1921 the winners of the previous year s competition except in the Ladies Doubles and Mixed Doubles were automatically granted byes into the final round then known as the challenge round This led to many winners retaining their titles in successive years as they were able to rest while their opponent competed from the start of the competition Since 1922 the prior year s champions were required to play all the rounds like other tournament competitors Schedule EditEach year the tournament begins on the last Monday in June or first Monday in July two weeks after the Queen s Club Championships which is one of the men s major warm up tournaments together with the Gerry Weber Open which is held in Halle Germany during the same week Other grass court tournaments before Wimbledon are Eastbourne Great Britain and Rosmalen in the Netherlands both combining mixed events The other women s warm up tournament for Wimbledon is Birmingham also in Great Britain The men s event which is outside Europe before Wimbledon is the Antalya open in Turkey The only grass court tournament scheduled after the Championships is the Hall of Fame Tennis Championships at Newport Rhode Island USA which takes place the week after Wimbledon Wimbledon is scheduled for 14 days beginning on a Monday and ending on a Sunday Before 1982 it ended a day earlier with the women s singles final on the Friday and the men s singles final on the Saturday 38 The five main events span both weeks but the junior and invitational events are held mainly during the second week Traditionally unlike the other three tennis Grand Slams there was no play on the Middle Sunday which is considered a rest day However rain has forced play on the Middle Sunday four times in 1991 1997 2004 and 2016 On the first of these four occasions Wimbledon staged a People s Sunday with unreserved seating and readily available inexpensive tickets allowing those with more limited means to sit on the show courts From 2022 Wimbledon will make Middle Sunday a permanent fixture to the schedule This would allow for more leeway for Round of 16 matches to be completed on schedule as announced in their 2021 Spring Press Conference 39 Before 2022 the second Monday at Wimbledon was often called Manic Monday because it is the busiest day with the last 16 matches for both men s and women s singles where fans have a pick of watching on a single day any of the best 32 players left which is also unique in a Grand Slam singles competition 40 Since 2015 the championships have begun one week later than in previous years extending the gap between the tournament and the French Open from two to three weeks 41 Additionally the Stuttgart Open men s tournament converted to a grass surface and was rescheduled from July to June extending the grass court season Players and seeding EditBoth the men s and ladies singles consist of 128 players 42 Players and doubles pairs are admitted to the main events on the basis of their international rankings with 104 direct entries into the men s and 108 into the ladies competitions Both tournaments have 8 wild card entrants with the remainder in each made up of qualifiers Since the 2001 tournament 32 players have been given seedings in the Gentlemen s and Ladies singles 16 teams in the doubles events The system of seeding was introduced during the 1924 Wimbledon Championships This was a simplified version allowing countries to nominate four players who were placed in different quarters of the draw This system was replaced for the 1927 Wimbledon Championships and from then on players were seeded on merit The first players to be seeded as no 1 were Rene Lacoste and Helen Wills 43 The Committee of Management decide which players receive wildcards Usually wild cards are players who have performed well during previous tournaments or would stimulate public interest in Wimbledon by participating The only wild card to win the Gentlemen s Singles Championship was Goran Ivanisevic in 2001 Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before Wimbledon at the Bank of England Sports Ground in Roehampton The singles qualifying competitions are three round events From 2019 singles qualification will increase to 128 players and no doubles qualification will occur 29 Previously the same sex doubles competitions lasted for only two rounds There is no qualifying tournament for Mixed Doubles The furthest that any qualifier has progressed in a Singles tournament is the semi final round John McEnroe in 1977 Gentlemen s Singles Vladimir Voltchkov in 2000 Gentlemen s Singles and Alexandra Stevenson in 1999 Ladies Singles citation needed Players are admitted to the junior tournaments upon the recommendations of their national tennis associations on their International Tennis Federation world rankings and in the case of the singles events on the basis of a qualifying competition The Committee of Management determines which players may enter the four invitational events The Committee seeds the top players and pairs on the basis of their rankings but it could change the seedings based on a player s previous grass court performance Since 2002 a seeding committee has not been required for the Gentlemen s Singles following an agreement with the ATP and since the 2021 tournament the seeding has followed the same process as the ATP rankings 44 From 2002 to 2019 the top 32 players according to the ATP rankings were seeded according to a formula that more heavily weighted previous grass court tournaments ATP Entry System Position points 100 points earned for all grass court tournaments in the past 12 months 75 points earned for the best grass court tournament in the 12 months before that 45 46 A majority of the entrants are unseeded Only two unseeded players have won the Gentlemen s Singles Boris Becker in 1985 and Goran Ivanisevic in 2001 In 1985 there were only 16 seeds and Becker was ranked 20th Ivanisevic was ranked 125th when he won as a Wild Card entrant although he had previously been a finalist three times and been ranked no 2 in the world his low ranking was due to having been hampered by a persistent shoulder injury for three years which had only just cleared up In 1996 the title was won by Richard Krajicek who was originally unseeded ranked 17th and only 16 players were seeded but was promoted to a seeded position still with the number 17 when Thomas Muster withdrew before the tournament No unseeded player has captured the Ladies Singles title the lowest seeded female champion was Venus Williams who won in 2007 as the 23rd seed Williams was returning from an injury that had prevented her playing in previous tournaments giving her a lower ranking than she would normally have had Unseeded pairs have won the doubles titles on numerous occasions the 2005 Gentlemen s Doubles champions were not only unseeded but also for the first time ever qualifiers Grounds Edit Aerial view of the grounds Main article All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club Since 2001 the courts used for Wimbledon have been sown with 100 perennial ryegrass Prior to 2001 a combination of 70 ryegrass and 30 Creeping Red Fescue was used The change was made to improve durability and strengthen the sward to better withstand the increasing wear of the modern game 47 The main show courts Centre Court and No 1 Court are normally used for only two weeks a year during the Championships but play can extend into a third week in exceptional circumstances The remaining 17 courts are regularly used for other events hosted by the club The show courts were in action for the second time in three months in 2012 as Wimbledon hosted the tennis events of the 2012 Olympic Games One of the show courts is also used for home ties of the Great Britain teams in the Davis Cup on occasions Wimbledon is the only remaining Grand Slam event played on natural grass courts At one time all the Majors except the French Open were played on grass The US Open abandoned grass in 1975 for green clay and the Australian Open did so in 1988 for hard courts the US Open eventually adopted hard courts as well From 1877 until 1921 the club s grounds were situated on four acres of meadowland in central Wimbledon between Worple Road and the railway line In 1908 this venue hosted the tennis events for the 1908 Summer Olympic Games As the attendance at the Championships grew it became obvious before the First World War that the 8 000 ground capacity at Worple Road was inadequate and so the Club started looking for a new site It eventually settled on an area of land off Church Road to the north of Wimbledon town centre and moved to its new home in 1922 At the time the relocation was regarded as something of a financial gamble costing as it did approximately 140 000 After the Club moved to the current site in Church Road the old Worple Road ground then became the Wimbledon High School playing field which it remains today The principal court at Church Road Centre Court was inaugurated in 1922 The new venue was substantially larger and was needed to meet the ever growing public demand The order of play for all courts is displayed on boards around the grounds Due to the possibility of rain during Wimbledon a retractable roof was installed prior to the 2009 Championship It is designed to close open fully in 20 minutes and will be closed primarily to protect play from inclement and if necessary extremely hot weather during The Championships 48 Whilst the roof is being opened or closed play is suspended The first time the roof was closed during a Wimbledon Championship match was on Monday 29 June 2009 involving Amelie Mauresmo and Dinara Safina The first full match played and completed under the roof featured Andy Murray and Stan Wawrinka played on the same date The court has a capacity of 14 979 At its south end is the Royal Box from which members of the Royal Family and other dignitaries watch matches Centre Court usually hosts the finals and semifinals of the main events as well as many matches in the earlier rounds involving top seeded players or local favourites The second most important court is No 1 Court The court was constructed in 1997 to replace the old No 1 Court which was adjacent to Centre Court The old No 1 Court was demolished because its capacity for spectators was too low The court was said to have had a unique more intimate atmosphere and was a favourite of many players Construction of a new retractable roof on the No 1 Court began after the 2017 Championships and was completed in time for the 2019 championships The capacity of the stadium also rose by 900 to 12 345 49 Since 2009 a new No 2 Court has been used at Wimbledon with a capacity for 4 000 people To obtain planning permission the playing surface is around 3 5m below ground level ensuring that the single storey structure is only about 3 5m above ground level and thus not affecting local views 50 Plans to build on the current site of Court 13 were dismissed due to the high capacity of games played at the 2012 Olympic Games The old No 2 Court has been renamed as No 3 Court The old No 2 Court was known as the Graveyard of Champions because many highly seeded players were eliminated there during early rounds over the years including Ilie Năstase John McEnroe Boris Becker Andre Agassi Pete Sampras Martina Hingis Venus Williams Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova 51 The court has a capacity of 2 192 770 standing In 2011 a new No 3 Court and a new Court 4 were unveiled on the sites of the old No 2 and 3 courts 52 View from seats of Wimbledon Court No 1 Because of the summer climate in southern England Wimbledon employs Court Attendants each year who work to maintain court conditions Their principal responsibility is to ensure that the courts are quickly covered when it begins to rain so that play can resume as quickly as possible once the referees decide to uncover the courts The outer court attendants are mainly university students working to make summer money Centre Court is covered by full time groundstaff however At the northern end of the grounds is a giant television screen on which important matches are broadcast to fans inside the grounds without tickets to the relevant court Fans watch from a gently inclined area of grass officially known as the Aorangi Terrace When British players do well at Wimbledon this area attracts fans for them and is often renamed after them by the press Greg Rusedski s followers convened at Rusedski Ridge and Tim Henman has had the hill nicknamed Henman Hill As both of them have now retired and Andy Murray is the most successful current British player the hill is occasionally referred to as Murray Mound or Murrayfield as a reference to his Scottish heritage and the Scottish rugby ground of the same name but this has largely failed to catch on the area is still often referred to as Henman Hill citation needed None of these nicknames are the official name 1913 suffragette terror attack Edit See also Suffragette bombing and arson campaign An attempt was made to destroy the grounds in 1913 during the suffragette bombing and arson campaign The suffragettes as part of their campaign for women s votes before the First World War had begun carrying out politically motivated arson and bombings across the country 53 On the night of 27 February 1913 a suffragette woman between the ages of 30 35 was arrested within the grounds after being spotted by a groundsman climbing over a hedge at around midnight 54 She was found to have with her some paraffin and wood shavings for the purpose of setting fires in the grounds 54 The woman refused to give her name or any information to the police and was later sentenced to two months imprisonment 54 Bank of England Sports Centre Edit The qualifying matches prior to the main draw take place at the Bank of England Sports Ground in Roehampton 3 6 miles 5 8 km from the All England Club 55 Traditions Edit Court 10 On the outside courts there is no reserved seating Social commentator Ellis Cashmore describes Wimbledon as having a David Niven ish propriety in trying to conform to the standards of behaviour regarded as common in the 1950s Writer Peter York sees the event as representing a particular white upper middle class affluent type of Britishness describing the area of Wimbledon as a southern well off late Victorian suburb with a particular social character Cashmore has criticised the event for being remote and insulated from the changing multicultural character of modern Britain describing it as nobody s idea of all things British 56 importance Ball boys and ball girls Edit In the championship games ball boys and girls known as BBGs play a crucial role in the smooth running of the tournament with a brief that a good BBG should not be seen They should blend into the background and get on with their jobs quietly 57 From 1947 ball boys were recruited from Goldings 58 the only Barnardos school to provide them Prior to this from the 1920s onwards the ball boys came from The Shaftesbury Children s Home Wimbledon ball girl at the net 2007 Since 1969 BBGs have been drawn from local schools Traditionally Wandsworth Boys School in Sutherland Grove Southfields and Mayfield Girls School on West Hill in Wandsworth both now defunct were the schools of choice for selection of BBGs This was possibly owing to their proximity to the club Since 2008 they have been drawn from schools in the London boroughs of Merton Sutton Kingston and Wandsworth as well as from Surrey 59 BBGs have an average age of 15 being drawn from the school years nine and ten 60 They serve for one or if re selected for up to five tournaments up to year thirteen 61 Starting in 2005 BBGs work in teams of six two at the net four at the corners and teams rotate one hour on court one hour off two hours depending on the court for the day s play 60 Teams are not told which court they will be working on the day to ensure the same standards across all courts With the expansion of the number of courts and lengthening the tennis day as of 2008 the number of BBGs required is around 250 Starting on the second Wednesday the number of BBGs is reduced due to the decrease in the number of matches per day leaving around 80 on the final Sunday Each BBG receives a certificate a can of used balls a group photograph and a programme when leaving BBG service is paid with a total of 160 250 being paid to each ball boy or girl after the 13 day period depending on the number of days served around 17 per day Every BBG keeps their kit BBG places are split 50 50 between boys and girls with girls having been included since 1977 appearing on centre court since 1985 62 Prospective BBGs are first nominated by their school headteacher to be considered for selection To be selected a candidate must pass written tests on the rules of tennis and pass fitness mobility and other suitability tests against initial preliminary instruction material Successful candidates then commence a training phase starting in February in which the final BBGs are chosen through continual assessment As of 2008 this training intake was 600 The training includes weekly sessions of physical procedural and theoretical instruction to ensure that the BBGs are fast alert self confident and adaptable to situations As of 2011 early training occurs at the Wimbledon All England Lawn Tennis Club Covered Courts to the side of the Grounds and then moves to outside courts 8 9 10 the week before the Championships to ensure that BBGs gain a feel of the grass court citation needed Colours and uniforms Edit Sebastien Grosjean takes a shot on Court 18 during the 2004 Championships Dark green and purple are the traditional Wimbledon colours However all tennis players participating in the tournament are required to wear all white or at least almost all white clothing a long time tradition at Wimbledon 63 i Wearing white clothing with some colour accents is also acceptable provided the colour scheme is not that of an identifiable commercial brand logo the outfitter s brand logo being the sole exception Controversy followed Martina Navratilova s wearing branding for Kim cigarettes in 1982 Green clothing was worn by the chair umpire linesmen ball boys and ball girls until the 2005 Championships however beginning with the 2006 Championships officials ball boys and ball girls were dressed in new navy blue and cream coloured uniforms from American designer Ralph Lauren Referring to players Edit By tradition the Men s and Women s competitions are referred to as Gentlemen s and Ladies competitions at Wimbledon The junior competitions are referred to as the Boys and Girls competitions Prior to 2009 female players were referred to by the title Miss or Mrs on scoreboards On the Wimbledon s Champions Board married female players were referred to by their husband s name up until 2019 For the first time during the 2009 tournament players were referred to on scoreboards by both their first and last names 65 The title Mr is not used for male players who are professionals on scoreboards but is retained for amateurs although chair umpires refer to players as Mr when they use the replay challenge The chair umpire will say Mr lt surname gt is challenging the call and Mr lt surname gt has X challenges remaining Up until 2018 the chair umpire said Miss Mrs lt surname gt when announcing the score of the Ladies matches However the chair umpire no longer calls Miss Mrs lt surname gt when announcing the score since 2019 66 As of the 2022 edition of the tournament the use of Mr Miss and Mrs was eliminated entirely players are now referred to by their names as written on the scoreboard by the umpire at all points in a match If a match is being played with two competitors of the same surname e g Venus and Serena Williams Bob and Mike Bryan the chair umpire will specify to whom they are referring by stating the player s first name and surname during announcements e g Game Venus Williams Advantage Mike Bryan Royal family Edit The Royal Gallery at Centre Court Wimbledon Previously players bowed or curtsied to members of the royal family seated in the Royal Box upon entering or leaving Centre Court However in 2003 All England Club president Prince Edward Duke of Kent decided to discontinue the tradition Now players are required to bow or curtsy only if the Prince of Wales or the King is present 67 as was in practice during the 2010 Championships when Elizabeth II was in attendance at Wimbledon on 24 June 68 On 27 June 2012 Roger Federer said in his post match interview that he and his opponent had been asked to bow towards the Royal Box as Prince Charles and his wife were present saying that it was not a problem for him 69 Services stewards Edit A Royal Marines Commando as a services steward in 2005 Prior to the Second World War members of the Brigade of Guards and retired members of the Royal Artillery performed the role of stewards In 1946 the AELTC offered employment to wartime servicemen returning to civilian life during their demobilisation leave Initially this scheme extended only to the Royal Navy followed by the British Army in 1947 and the Royal Air Force in 1949 In 1965 London Fire Brigade members joined the ranks of stewards 70 The service stewards wearing uniform are present in Centre Court and No s 1 2 3 12 and 18 courts 71 In 2015 595 Service and London Fire Brigade stewards attended 72 Only enlisted members of the Armed Forces may apply for the role which must be taken as leave and half of each year s recruits must have stewarded at Wimbledon before The AELTC pays a subsistence allowance to servicemen and women working as stewards to defray their accommodation costs for the period of the Championships The Service Stewards are not to be confused with the 185 Honorary Stewards Tickets Edit Wimbledon operates a ticket resale system where returned Show Court tickets can be purchased 73 All proceeds go to charity 74 Debenture of the All England Lawn Tennis Ground Ltd issued 20 August 1930 The majority of centre and show court tickets sold to the general public have since 1924 been made available by a public ballot that the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club holds at the start of the year 75 The ballot has always been substantially oversubscribed Successful applicants are selected at random by a computer 76 The most recent figures from 2011 suggested there were four applicants to every ballot ticket Applications must be posted to arrive at the AELTC by the last day of December in the year prior to the tournament Seats and days are allocated randomly and ballot tickets are not transferable The All England Club through its subsidiary The All England Lawn Tennis Ground plc issues debentures to tennis fans every five years to raise funds for capital expenditure Fans who invest thus in the club receive a pair of tickets for every day of the Wimbledon Championships for the five years the investment lasts 77 Only debenture holders are permitted to sell on their tickets to third parties and demand for debentures has increased in recent when years to such an extent that they are even traded on the London Stock Exchange citation needed Wimbledon and the French Open are the only Grand Slam tournaments where fans without tickets for play can queue up and still get seats on the three show courts on the day of the match 78 Sequentially numbered queue cards were introduced in 2003 From 2008 there is a single queue allotted about 500 seats for each court When they join the queue fans are handed queue cards Anyone who then wishes to leave the queue temporarily even if in possession of a queue card must agree their position with the others nearby in the queue and or a steward To get access to the show courts fans normally have to queue overnight 79 This is done by fans from all over the world and although considered vagrancy is part of the Wimbledon experience in itself The All England Club allows overnight queuing and provides toilet and water facilities for campers Early in the morning when the line moves towards the Grounds stewards walk along the line and hand out wristbands that are colour coded to the specific court The wrist band and payment is exchanged at the ticket office for the ticket when the grounds open General admission to the grounds gives access to the outer courts and is possible without queuing overnight Tickets returned by people leaving early go on sale at 2 30 pm and the money goes to charity Queuing for the show courts ends after the quarter finals have been completed At 2 40pm on Day Seven Monday 28 June of the 2010 Championships the one millionth numbered Wimbledon queue card was handed out to Rose Stanley from South Africa 80 81 Sponsorship Edit Unlike other tournaments advertising from major brands is minimal and low key from suppliers such as IBM Rolex and Slazenger 82 83 Wimbledon is notable for the longest running sponsorship in sports history due to its association with Slazenger who have supplied all tennis balls for the tournament since 1902 84 Between 1935 and 2021 Wimbledon had a sponsorship deal with Robinsons fruit squash one of the longest sponsorships in sport 85 Strawberries and cream Edit Strawberries and cream are traditionally eaten by spectators at Wimbledon and have become culturally synonymous with the tournament In 2017 fans consumed 34 000 kg 33 imperial tons of British strawberries and 10 000 litres 2 200 imperial gallons of cream Media EditMain article List of Wimbledon broadcasters Radio Wimbledon Edit Main article Radio Wimbledon Until 2011 when its contract ended 86 Radio Wimbledon could be heard within a five mile radius on 87 7 FM and also online It operated under a Restricted Service Licence Presenters included Sam Lloyd and Ali Barton Typically they worked alternate four hour shifts until the end of the last match of the day Reporters and commentators included Gigi Salmon Nick Lestor Rupert Bell Nigel Bidmead Guy Swindells Lucie Ahl Nadine Towell and Helen Whitaker Often they reported from the Crow s Nest an elevated building housing the Court 3 and 4 scoreboards which affords views of most of the outside courts Regular guests included Sue Mappin In later years Radio Wimbledon acquired a second low power FM frequency within the grounds only of 96 3 FM for uninterrupted Centre Court commentary and from 2006 a third for coverage from No 1 Court on 97 8 FM Hourly news bulletins and travel using RDS were also broadcast Radio Wimbledon s theme tune is called Purple and Green and has been used since 1996 when it was composed by a British Composer called Tony Cox Television coverage Edit Beginning with the 2018 tournament an in house operation known as Wimbledon Broadcasting Services WBS has served as the official host broadcaster of the tournament replacing BBC Sport 87 United Kingdom Edit People watching the Championships broadcast in Canary Wharf Further information Timeline of tennis on UK television Since 1937 the BBC has broadcast the tournament on television in the United Kingdom 88 j Between 1956 and 1968 The Championships were also covered by the ITV Network but since 1969 the BBC has had a monopoly The matches covered are primarily split between its two main terrestrial channels BBC One and BBC Two and their Red Button service This can result in live matches being moved across all 3 channels The BBC holds the broadcast rights for Wimbledon until 2027 90 During the days of British Satellite Broadcasting its sports channel carried extra coverage of Wimbledon for subscribers One of the most notable British commentators was Dan Maskell who was known as the BBC s voice of tennis until his retirement in 1991 John Barrett succeeded him in that role until he retired in 2006 Current commentators working for the BBC at Wimbledon include British ex players Andrew Castle John Lloyd Tim Henman Greg Rusedski Samantha Smith and Mark Petchey tennis legends such as John McEnroe Tracy Austin Boris Becker and Lindsay Davenport and general sports commentators including David Mercer Barry Davies Andrew Cotter and Nick Mullins The coverage is presented by Sue Barker live and Claire Balding highlights Previous BBC presenters include Des Lynam David Vine John Inverdale and Harry Carpenter The Wimbledon Finals are obliged to be shown live and in full on terrestrial television BBC Television Service ITV Channel 4 or Channel 5 by government mandate Highlights of the rest of the tournament must be provided by terrestrial stations live coverage excepting the finals may be sought by satellite or cable TV 91 The BBC was forced to apologise after many viewers complained about over talking by its commentary team during the TV coverage of the event in 2011 It said in a statement that views on commentary were subjective but that they do appreciate that over talking can irritate our audience The BBC added that it hoped it had achieved the right balance across its coverage and was of course sorry if on occasion you have not been satisfied Tim Henman and John McEnroe were among the ex players commentating 92 Wimbledon was also involved in a piece of television history when on 1 July 1967 the first official colour television broadcast took place in the UK Four hours live coverage of the 1967 Championships was shown on BBC Two which was the first television channel in Europe to regularly broadcast in colour Footage of that historic match no longer survives however the Gentlemen s Final of that year is still held in the BBC archives because it was the first Gentlemen s Final transmitted in colour The tennis balls used were traditionally white but were switched to yellow in 1986 to make them stand out for colour television 93 Since 2007 Wimbledon matches have been transmitted in high definition originally on the BBC s free to air channel BBC HD with continual live coverage during the tournament of Centre Court and Court No 1 as well as an evening highlights show Today at Wimbledon Coverage is now shown on BBC One and Two s HD feeds Beginning 2018 all centre court matches are televised in 4K ultra high definition 94 The BBC s opening theme music for Wimbledon was composed by Keith Mansfield and is titled Light and Tuneful A piece titled A Sporting Occasion is the traditional closing theme The finally notes of this theme are regularly used to end BBC One and BBC Two Wimbledon transmissions For the end of broadcast at the conclusion of the tournament a montage set to popular music is traditionally used instead Mansfield also composed the piece World Champion used by NBC during intervals change overs set breaks etc and at the close of broadcasts throughout the tournament Ireland Edit In Ireland RTE broadcast the tournament during the 1980s and 1990s on their second channel RTE Two they also provided highlights of the games in the evening The commentary provided was given by Matt Doyle a former Irish American professional tennis player and Jim Sherwin a former RTE newsreader Caroline Murphy was the presenter of the programme RTE made the decision in 1998 to discontinue broadcasting the tournament due to falling viewing figures and the large number of viewers watching on the BBC 95 From 2005 until 2014 TG4 Ireland s Irish language broadcaster provided coverage of the tournament Live coverage was provided in the Irish language while they broadcast highlights in English at night 96 In 2015 Wimbledon moved to pay TV broadcaster Setanta Sports under a 3 year agreement 97 Its successor Eir Sport currently hosts broadcasting rights in Ireland Americas Edit In the United States ABC began showing taped highlights of the Wimbledon Gentlemen s Singles Final in the 1960s on its Wide World of Sports series NBC began a 43 year run of covering Wimbledon in 1969 with same day taped and often edited coverage of the Gentlemen s Singles Final In 1979 the network began carrying the Gentlemen s and Ladies Singles Finals live For the next few decades Americans made a tradition of NBC s Breakfast at Wimbledon 98 specials at weekends Live coverage started early in the morning the US being a minimum of 5 hours behind the UK and continued well into the afternoon interspersed with commentary and interviews from Bud Collins whose tennis acumen and famous patterned trousers were well known to tennis fans in the US Collins was sacked by NBC in 2007 but was promptly hired by ESPN the cable home for The Championships in the States For many years NBC s primary Wimbledon host was veteran broadcaster Dick Enberg From 1975 to 1999 premium channel HBO carried weekday coverage of Wimbledon Hosts included Jim Lampley Billie Jean King Martina Navratilova John Lloyd and Barry MacKay among others 99 ESPN took over as the cable television partner in 2003 100 The AELTC grew frustrated with NBC s policy of waiting to begin its quarterfinal and semifinal coverage until after the conclusion of Today at 10 a m local as well as broadcasting live only to the Eastern Time Zone and using tape delay in all others NBC also held over high profile matches for delayed broadcast in its window regardless of any ongoing matches In one notorious incident in 2009 ESPN2 s coverage of the Tommy Haas Novak Djokovic quarterfinal was forced off the air nationwide when it ran past 10 a m Eastern after which NBC showed the conclusion of the match on tape only after presenting the previous Ivo Karlovic Roger Federer quarterfinal in full 101 Beginning with the 2012 tournament coverage moved to ESPN and ESPN2 marking the second major tennis championship after the Australian Open where live coverage is exclusively on pay television while ESPN Deportes provide the coverage in Spanish The finals are also broadcast tape delayed on ABC 102 On 9 July 2021 ESPN and AELTC reached an agreement to extend the coverage for 12 years beginning from 2024 until 2035 This agreement is including live coverage on ABC of play on the middle weekend which begins in 2022 after AELTC announces will no longer schedule a rest day on its middle Sunday 103 Taped coverage using the world feed is aired in primetime and overnights on Tennis Channel and is branded Wimbledon Primetime In Canada coverage of Wimbledon is exclusively carried by TSN and RDS which are co owned by Bell Media and ESPN Prior to 2012 CBC Television and SRC were the primary broadcaster of Wimbledon for Canada and its live coverage of the tournament predated Breakfast at Wimbledon by over a decade Canada being at least four hours from its fellow Commonwealth realm In Mexico the Televisa family of networks has aired Wimbledon since the early 1960s Presently most weekend matches are broadcast through Canal 5 with the weekday matches broadcast on the Televisa Deportes Network As Mexico is six hours behind the U K some Canal 5 affiliates air the weekend matches as the first program of the day after sign on Although Mexico had begun broadcasting in colour in 1962 Wimbledon continued to air in black and white in Mexico until colour television came to the United Kingdom in 1967 In most of the remainder of Latin America Wimbledon airs on ESPN as do the other Grand Slam tournaments In Brazil SporTV has exclusive rights to the broadcast Other countries Edit In several European countries Wimbledon is shown live on Eurosport 1 Eurosport 2 and the Eurosport Player Although there are some exceptions as in Denmark where the Danish TV2 holds the right to show matches until 2022 and in Italy where Sky Sport and SuperTennis holds the rights to show live matches until 2022 In the Netherlands Center Court is shown live on Eurosport 1 and all other courts are shown live on the Eurosport Player But Court One is covered live on Ziggo Sport Ziggo Sport Select Wimbledon has been exclusively broadcast on Sky Sport in Germany since 2007 104 In December 2018 Sky extended its contract for Austria Germany and Switzerland until 2022 105 In Australia the free to air Nine Network covered Wimbledon for almost 40 years but decided to drop their broadcast following the 2010 tournament citing declining ratings and desire to use money saved to bid on other sports coverage In April 2011 it was announced that the Seven Network the then host broadcaster of the Australian Open along with its sister channel 7Two would broadcast the event from 2011 Pay television network Fox Sports Australia also covered the event Free to air coverage returned to Nine Network in 2021 In India and its Subcontinental region it is broadcast on Star Sports In Pakistan it is broadcast on PTV Sports Coverage is free to air in New Zealand through TVNZ One beginning each night at 11 pm midday in London In 2017 their new channel TVNZ Duke also free to air carried an alternative to the main feed including for example matches on outside courts involving New Zealand players Fox Sports Asia held broadcasting rights across Southeast Asia from 1992 until network s shutdown in 2021 SPOTV currently holds broadcasting rights across Southeast Asia except Vietnam Disney Hotstar currently holds broadcasting rights in Vietnam before the streaming service launched in early 2023 Most matches are also available for viewing through internet betting websites and other live streaming services as television cameras are set up to provide continuous coverage on nearly all the courts Trophies and prize money EditTrophies Edit The Ladies top and Gentlemen s singles trophies The Gentlemen s Singles champion is presented with a silver gilt cup 18 5 inches about 47 cm in height and 7 5 inches about 19 cm in diameter The trophy has been awarded since 1887 and bears the inscription All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed Championship of the World The actual trophy remains the property of the All England Club in their museum so the champion receives a three quarter size replica of the Cup bearing the names of all past Champions height 13 5 inches 34 cm 106 The Ladies Singles champion is presented with a sterling silver salver commonly known as the Venus Rosewater Dish or simply the Rosewater Dish The salver which is 18 75 inches about 48 cm in diameter is decorated with figures from mythology The actual dish remains the property of the All England Club in their museum so the champion receives a miniature replica bearing the names of all past Champions From 1949 to 2006 the replica was 8 inches in diameter and since 2007 it has been a three quarter size replica with a diameter of 13 5 inches 106 The winner of the Gentlemen s Doubles Ladies Doubles and Mixed Doubles events receive silver cups A trophy is awarded to each player in the Doubles pair unlike the other Grand Slam tournaments where the winning Doubles duo shares a single trophy The Gentlemen s Doubles silver challenge cup was originally from the Oxford University Lawn Tennis Club and donated to the All England Club in 1884 The Ladies Doubles Trophy a silver cup and cover known as The Duchess of Kent Challenge Cup was presented to the All England Club in 1949 by The Duchess of Kent The Mixed Doubles Trophy is a silver challenge cup and cover presented to the All England Club by the family of two time Wimbledon doubles winner Sydney Smith 106 107 Todd Woodbridge holding the Gentlemen s doubles silver challenge cup in 2004 The runner up in each event receives an inscribed silver plate The trophies are usually presented by the President of the All England Club The Duke of Kent 106 Prize money Edit Prize money was first awarded in 1968 the year that professional players were allowed to compete in the Championships for the first time Total prize money was 26 150 the winner of the men s title earned 2 000 while the women s singles champion received 750 108 109 In money as of 2018 2 000 as of 1968 equals 34 600 however 110 In 2007 Wimbledon 111 112 and French Open 113 became the last grand slam tournaments to award unequal prize money to women and men In 2009 a total of 12 500 000 in prize money was awarded with the singles champions receiving 850 000 each an increase of 13 3 percent on 2008 114 In 2010 total prize money increased to 13 725 000 and the singles champions received 1 000 000 each A further increase of 6 4 in 2011 resulted in a total prize money amount of 14 600 000 Both male and female singles champions prize money increased to 1 100 000 a rise of 10 115 The 2012 Championships offered total prize money of 16 060 000 an increase of 10 0 from 2011 The bulk of the increases were given to players losing in earlier rounds 116 This move was in response to the growing angst among lower ranked players concerning the inadequacy of their pay Sergiy Stakhovsky a member of the ATP Player Council and who was at the time ranked 68th was among the most vocal in the push for higher pay for players who bow out in the earlier rounds In an interview Stakhovsky intimated that it is not uncommon for lower ranked players to be in the negative for certain tour events if their results were not stellar 117 This issue gained the attention of the men s Big Four Novak Djokovic Roger Federer Andy Murray and Rafael Nadal as well as the Championships In 2013 total prize money was further increased by about 40 from 2012 to 22 560 000 The losers in the earlier singles rounds of the tournament saw a highest 62 increase in their pay while the total prize money of the doubles increased by 22 The prize money for participants of the qualifying matches saw an increase of 41 Sergiy Stakhovsky a member of the ATP Player Council was the loudest voice for this increase 118 The 2015 prize money was 1 880 000 each for the Gentlemen s and Ladies Singles winners 340 000 each pair for the Gentlemen s and Ladies Doubles winners and 100 000 per pair for the Mixed Doubles winners The total prize money awarded is 26 750 000 up 7 from the 25 000 000 in 2014 119 The 2016 Wimbledon Championships saw prize money for the Gentlemen s and Ladies Singles winners reach 2 000 000 for the first time The winning pair of the Gentlemen s and Ladies Doubles received 350 000 a 10 000 increase from 2015 100 000 was awarded to the winning pair of the Mixed Doubles competition In 2016 the total prize money of 28 100 000 was a 5 increase on the 2015 prize money In 2017 the total prize money rose by 12 5 to 31 600 000 with the Gentlemen s and Ladies Singles Champions each receiving 2 2 million a 10 increase from 2 0 million in 2016 In 2019 prize money was increased to 38 000 000 120 In 2022 the tournament was played with a full capacity crowd for the first time since 2019 and the total prize money increased by 15 23 to a record 40 350 000 The Ladies and Gentlemen s Singles Champions each received 2 000 000 an increase of 17 65 from 2021 121 2022 Gentlemen s amp Ladies prize money 122 2022 Event W F SF QF Round of 16 Round of 32 Round of 64 Round of 1281 Q3 Q2 Q1Singles 2 000 000 1 050 000 535 000 310 000 190 000 120 000 78 000 50 000 32 000 19 000 11 000Doubles 540 000 270 000 135 000 67 000 33 000 20 000 12 500 Doubles prize money is per team Ranking points EditRanking points for the ATP and WTA have varied at Wimbledon through the years but at present singles players receive the following points Event W F SF QF 4R 3R 2R 1RSingles Gentlemen 2000 1200 720 360 180 90 45 10Ladies 1300 780 430 240 130 70 10Doubles Gentlemen 2000 1200 720 360 180 90 0 Ladies 1300 780 430 240 130 10 Champions EditPast champions Edit Gentlemen s singles Ladies singles Gentlemen s doubles Ladies doubles Mixed doubles All championsCurrent champions Edit 2022 Wimbledon Championships Novak Djokovic the winner of the 2022 gentlemen s singles It was his twenty first major title and his seventh Wimbledon title Elena Rybakina the winner of the 2022 ladies singles It was her first major title Matthew Ebden was part of the 2022 winning men s doubles team It was his first major title Max Purcell was part of the 2022 winning men s doubles team It was his first major title Barbora Krejcikova was part of the 2022 winning women s doubles title It was her fifth major title and her second Wimbledon title Katerina Siniakova was part of the 2022 winning women s doubles title It was her fifth major title and her second Wimbledon title Desirae Krawczyk was part of the 2022 winning mixed doubles title It was her fourth major title and her second Wimbledon title Neal Skupski was part of the 2022 winning mixed doubles team It was his second major title and his second Wimbledon title Most recent finals Edit 2022 Event Champion Runner up ScoreGentlemen singles Novak Djokovic Nick Kyrgios 4 6 6 3 6 4 7 6 7 3 Ladies singles Elena Rybakina Ons Jabeur 3 6 6 2 6 2Gentlemen s doubles Matthew Ebden Max Purcell Nikola Mektic Mate Pavic 7 6 7 5 6 7 3 7 4 6 6 4 7 6 10 2 Ladies doubles Barbora Krejcikova Katerina Siniakova Elise Mertens Zhang Shuai 6 2 6 4Mixed doubles Desirae Krawczyk Neal Skupski Samantha Stosur Matthew Ebden 6 4 6 3Records Edit Roger Federer the all time record holder in men s singles Martina Navratilova the all time record holder in women s singles Gentlemen since 1877 Edit Record Era Player s Count Winning yearsMost singles titles Pre Open Era William Renshaw 7 1881 1886 1889Open Era Roger Federer 8 2003 2007 2009 2012 2017Most consecutive singles titles Pre Open Era William Renshaw k 6 1881 1886Open Era Bjorn Borg Roger Federer 5 1976 1980 2003 2007Most doubles titles Pre Open Era Reginald Doherty Laurence Doherty 8 1897 1901 1903 1905Open Era Todd Woodbridge 9 1993 1997 2000 with Mark Woodforde 2002 2004 with Jonas Bjorkman Most consecutive doubles titles Pre Open Era Reginald Doherty Laurence Doherty 5 1897 1901Open Era Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde 1993 1997Most mixed doubles titles Pre Open Era Ken Fletcher Vic Seixas 4 1963 1965 1966 1968 with Margaret Court 1953 1956 3 with Doris Hart 1 with Shirley Fry Irvin Open Era Owen Davidson Leander Paes 1967 1971 1973 1974 with Billie Jean King 1999 with Lisa Raymond 2003 with Martina Navratilova 2010 with Cara Black 2015 with Martina Hingis Most Championships singles doubles amp mixed doubles Before 1968 Laurence Doherty 13 1897 1906 5 singles 8 doubles Open Era Todd Woodbridge 10 1993 2004 9 doubles 1 mixed doubles Ladies since 1884 Edit Record Era Player s Count Winning yearsMost singles titles Pre Open Era Helen Wills 8 1927 1928 1929 1930 1932 1933 1935 1938Open Era Martina Navratilova 9 1978 1979 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1990Most consecutive singles titles Pre Open Era Suzanne Lenglen 5 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923Open Era Martina Navratilova 6 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987Most doubles titles Pre Open Era Elizabeth Ryan 12 1914 with Agatha Morton 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1925 with Suzanne Lenglen 1926 with Mary Browne 1927 1930 with Helen Wills 1933 1934 with Simonne Mathieu Open Era Martina Navratilova 7 1976 with Chris Evert 1979 with Billie Jean King 1981 1982 1983 1984 1986 with Pam Shriver Most consecutive doubles titles Pre Open Era Suzanne Lenglen Elizabeth Ryan 5 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923Open Era Martina Navratilova Pam Shriver Natasha Zvereva 4 1981 1982 1983 1984 1991 with Larisa Neiland 1992 1993 1994 with Gigi Fernandez Most mixed doubles titles Pre Open Era Elizabeth Ryan 7 1919 1921 1923 with Randolph Lycett 1927 with Frank Hunter 1928 with Patrick Spence 1930 with Jack Crawford 1932 with Enrique Maier Open Era Martina Navratilova 4 1985 with Paul McNamee 1993 with Mark Woodforde 1995 with Jonathan Stark 2003 with Leander Paes Most Championships singles doubles amp mixed doubles Pre Open Era Elizabeth Ryan 19 1914 34 12 doubles 7 mixed doubles Open Era Martina Navratilova 20 1976 2003 9 singles 7 doubles 4 mixed doubles Combined Billie Jean King 20 1961 79 6 singles 10 doubles 4 mixed doubles Miscellaneous Edit Commemorative plaque at Court 18 marking the longest tennis match in history Record M W Player s Year s Unseeded champions Men Boris Becker Goran Ivanisevic 19852001Youngest singles champion Men Boris Becker 17 years 7 months 1985Women Lottie Dod 15 years 9 months 1887Oldest singles champion Men Arthur Gore 41 years 6 months 1909Women Charlotte Cooper 37 years 9 months 1908Lowest ranked winner Men Goran Ivanisevic 125th 2001Women Venus Williams 31st 23rd seed 2007Singles winning Men Bjorn Borg 92 72 51 4 1973 1981 Open era Women Steffi Graf 90 36 75 8 1984 1999 Open era Singles match wins Men Roger Federer 105 2001 2021 Open era Women Martina Navratilova 120 1973 2004 Open era Most matches played Men Jean Borotra 223 1922 39 1948 64Women Martina Navratilova 326 1973 2006Most consecutive events played Men Arthur Gore 123 30 1888 1922Women Virginia Wade 124 26 1960 1985Longest match by time Men John Isner vs Nicolas Mahut 11hrs 5mins 2010Women Chanda Rubin vs Patricia Hy Boulais 3hrs 45mins 125 1995Longest final by time Men Novak Djokovic vs Roger Federer 4hrs 57mins 2019Women Lindsay Davenport vs Venus Williams 2hrs 45mins 2005Winners of bothjunior and senior singles Men Bjorn Borg Pat Cash Stefan Edberg Roger Federer 1972198219831998 1976 80 inclusive19871988 19902003 07 2009 2012 2017Women Ashleigh Barty Karen Hantze Ann Haydon Martina Hingis Amelie Mauresmo 20111960195619941996 202119621969 under married name Jones 19972006See also Edit Tennis portal London portal2012 Summer Olympics venues List of British finalists at Grand Slam tennis tournaments Wimbledon film Wimbledon EffectLists of championsList of Wimbledon champions all events List of Wimbledon gentlemen s singles champions List of Wimbledon ladies singles champions List of Wimbledon gentlemen s doubles champions List of Wimbledon ladies doubles champions List of Wimbledon mixed doubles champions List of Wimbledon singles finalists during the Open Era records and statisticsOther Grand Slam tournamentsAustralian Open French Open US OpenNotes Edit Except Centre Court amp No 1 Court during rain each having a retractable roof In the main draws there are 128 singles players S and 64 doubles teams D and there are 128 and 16 entrants in the respective qualifying Q draws Informally known as The Championships Wimbledon A Centre Court did not yet exist during the first four years of the championship 13 To date only four finals were played on a Monday due to rain 1919 1922 1988 and 2001 The men who are eligible for the Gentlemen s Invitation Doubles are 35 years old and older The men who are eligible for the Senior Gentlemen s Invitation Doubles are 45 years old and older In a single elimination tournament a losing player or team is eliminated from the tournament Guidelines regarding the prominently white clothing rule include no solid mass of colouring coloured trims not to exceed 1 cm shirt or dress backs to be totally white all other items of clothing including shorts shirts caps headbands socks and shoe uppers to be predominantly white 64 During the first year of television coverage 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11 October 2020 John Barrett ed 1969 BP Year Book of World Tennis London Sydney Ward Lock amp Co Ltd p 52 OCLC 502175694 Please enter 1 and 1968 at 2 Archived 18 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine the result is 17 3 Multiplied by 2000 is 34 600 The Championships Wimbledon 2009 2009 Prize money AELTC2009 wimbledon org Archived from the original on 12 June 2009 Retrieved 26 July 2010 Wimbledon pays equal prize money BBC Sport 22 February 2007 Archived from the original on 26 May 2016 Retrieved 3 August 2019 French Open to award equal prize money Reuters 16 March 2007 Archived from the original on 8 August 2020 Retrieved 12 July 2020 2009 Championships Prize Money AELTC2009 wimbledon org Archived from the original on 12 June 2009 Retrieved 14 September 2010 Wimbledon Increase Prize Money ATP Tour 19 April 2011 Archived from the original on 20 April 2011 Retrieved 20 April 2011 Herman Martyn 24 April 2012 Wimbledon announce increase in prize money for losers The Independent London Archived from the original on 26 April 2012 Retrieved 10 July 2012 Eugene Shvets 4 April 2012 Sergej Stahovskij bolshie zarabotki tennisistov eto illyuziya Istochnik Sergiy Stakhovsky big earnings tennis players it is an illusion LB ua in Russian Archived from the original on 8 November 2012 Retrieved 3 November 2012 Wimbledon announces 40 per cent prize money increase for 2013 Championships ATP World Tour Archived from the original on 22 June 2013 Retrieved 25 June 2013 Prize Money and Finance AELTC Archived from the original on 26 May 2016 Retrieved 7 June 2016 The Championships Wimbledon Prize Money per Programme PDF All England Lawn Tennis Club Archived PDF from the original on 16 June 2021 Retrieved 21 July 2021 Wimbledon Prize Money 2022 Perfect Tennis Archived from the original on 2 November 2019 Retrieved 9 June 2022 The Championships 2022 Prize Money PDF All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club Archived PDF from the original on 9 June 2022 Retrieved 9 June 2021 Hall of Famers Arthur Gore www tennisfame com International tennis Hall of Fame Archived from the original on 28 March 2016 Retrieved 2 April 2016 Wimbledon 2014 Britain s Jamie Delgado smashes record with 23rd consecutive All England Club appearance Telegraph 25 June 2014 Archived from the original on 11 January 2022 Schiavone Kuznetsova Epic is Second Longest Ever Women s Match World Tennis Magazine 23 January 2011 Archived from the original on 24 March 2012 Retrieved 8 June 2012 Further reading EditBarrett John 2001 Wimbledon The Official History of The Championships CollinsWillow ISBN 978 0 00 711707 9 OCLC 49691980 Robertson Max 1977 Wimbledon 1877 1977 Arthur Barker ISBN 978 0 213 16643 4 OCLC 461807313 Tingay Lance 1977 100 years of Wimbledon Guinness Superlatives ISBN 978 0 900424 71 7 OCLC 3630554 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wimbledon Championships Official website Preceded byFrench Open Grand Slam TournamentJune July Succeeded byUS Open Coordinates 51 26 1 5 N 0 12 50 5 W 51 433750 N 0 214028 W 51 433750 0 214028 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wimbledon Championships amp oldid 1136010855, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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