The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020. The Agreement aims to respond to the global climate change threat by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.[1]
Parties to the Paris Agreement
Parties
Signatories
Parties also covered by European Union ratification
The language of the agreement was negotiated by representatives of 197 parties at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in Paris and adopted by consensus on 12 December 2015.[2][3][4] The Agreement was open for signature by States and regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the UNFCCC (the Convention) from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 at the UN Headquarters in New York.[5] The agreement stated that it would enter into force (and thus become fully effective) only if 55 countries that produce at least 55% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions (according to a list produced in 2015)[6] ratify, accept, approve or accede to the agreement.[7][8] On 1 April 2016, the United States and China, which together represent almost 40% of global emissions, issued a joint statement confirming that both countries would sign the Paris Climate Agreement.[9][10] 175 Parties (174 states and the European Union) signed the agreement on the first date it was open for signature.[11][12] On the same day, more than 20 countries issued a statement of their intent to join as soon as possible with a view to joining in 2016. With ratification by the European Union, the Agreement obtained enough parties to enter into effect as of 4 November 2016.
Parties
As of February 2023, 194 states and the EU, representing over 98% of global greenhouse gas emissions, have ratified or acceded to the Agreement, including China and the United States, the countries with the 1st and 2nd largest CO2 emissions among UNFCCC members.[13][14][15] A further 3 states have signed the Agreement but not ratified it. All 198 UNFCCC members have either signed or acceded to the Paris Agreement.
Both the EU and its member states are individually responsible for ratifying the Paris Agreement. A strong preference was reported that the EU and its 28 member states deposit their instruments of ratification at the same time to ensure that neither the EU nor its member states engage themselves to fulfilling obligations that strictly belong to the other,[22] and there were fears that disagreement over each individual member state's share of the EU-wide reduction target, as well as Britain's vote to leave the EU might delay the Paris pact.[23] However, the European Parliament approved ratification of the Paris Agreement on 4 October 2016,[24] and the EU deposited its instruments of ratification on 5 October 2016, along with several individual EU member states.[23]
Article 28 of the agreement enables parties to withdraw from the agreement after sending a withdrawal notification to the depositary, but notice can be given no earlier than three years after the agreement goes into force for the country. Withdrawal is effective one year after the depositary is notified. Alternatively, the Agreement stipulates that withdrawal from the UNFCCC, under which the Paris Agreement was adopted, would also withdraw the state from the Paris Agreement. The conditions for withdrawal from the UNFCCC are the same as for the Paris Agreement. In the agreement no provisions for non compliance are stated.
On 1 June 2017, then-US PresidentDonald Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the agreement.[25] In accordance with Article 28, as the agreement entered into force in the United States on 4 November 2016, the earliest possible effective withdrawal date for the United States was 4 November 2020. If it had chosen to withdraw by way of withdrawing from the UNFCCC, notice could be given immediately (the UNFCCC entered into force for the US in 1994), and be effective one year later. On August 4, 2017, the Trump administration delivered an official notice to the United Nations that the US intended to withdraw from the Paris Agreement as soon as it is legally eligible to do so.[26] The formal notice of withdrawal could not be submitted until the agreement had been in force for 3 years for the US, in 2019.[27][28]
According to a memo obtained by HuffPost believed to be written by US State Department legal office, any "attempts to withdraw from the Paris Agreement outside of the above-described withdrawal provisions would be inconsistent with international law and would not be accepted internationally."[29][30]
On 4 November 2019, the United States notified the depositary of its withdrawal from the agreement, to be effective exactly one year from that date.[31] In one of his first executive actions, President Joe Biden signed an order that would have the United States rejoin the agreement.[32][33]
^ abcdeEmissions of parties to the UNFCCC that had not yet submitted their first national communication to the UNFCCC secretariat with an emission inventory at the time of adoption of the Paris Agreement were not included in the figure for entry into force of the Agreement.[6]
^The emissions of the European Union are accounted for in the total of its individual member states.
^ abEmissions of states that were not a party to the UNFCCC at the time of adoption of the Paris Agreement,[20] which were thus not permitted to sign the Agreement, were not included in the totals for entry into force for the Agreement.
^Extended to Tokelau on 13 November 2017[18] after initially excluding it.[19]
^Though corresponding with the source the provided number for Sierra Leone's emissions is incorrect. According to World Bank data, the correct 2000 emissions for Sierra Leone is 14,763 kt CO2-equivalents (not 365,107 kt), or 0.04% of the world total (not 0.98%).[21]
^Not a party between 4 November 2020 and 19 February 2021. The United States gave notice of its denunciation of the agreement on 4 November 2019, which came into effect on 4 November 2020. It accepted the agreement again on 20 January 2021, with entry into force again on 19 February 2021.
^Jepsen, Henrik; et al. (2021). Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories. Cambridge University Press. ISBN9781108886246.
^Sutter, John D.; Berlinger, Joshua (12 December 2015). "Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris". CNN. Cable News Network, Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
^"Paris climate talks: France releases 'ambitious, balanced' draft agreement at COP21". ABC Australia. 12 December 2015.
^ abcde"Information provided in accordance with paragraph 104 of decision 1 CP21 related to entry into force of the Paris Agreement (Article 21)" (PDF). UNFCCC. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
^. UN Climate Change Newsroom. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 12 December 2015. Archived from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
^McGrath, Matt (31 March 2016). "Paris Climate Treaty: 'Significant step' as US and China agree to sign". Bbc.com. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
^Obama and President Xi of China Vow to Sign Paris Climate Agreement Promptly 1 April 2016
^"'Today is an historic day,' says Ban, as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord". United Nations. 22 April 2016.
^(PDF). UNFCCC. 22 April 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
^ abcd"Paris Agreement". United Nations Treaty Collection. 8 July 2016.
^ ab"Paris climate deal: US and China formally join pact", BBC News, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).
^"India Ratifies Landmark Paris Climate Deal, Says, 'Kept Our Promise'". Retrieved 2 October 2016.
^"Chile firmará acuerdo climático en septiembre y será uno de los 57 países que lo ratificarían este año".
^"United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change". United Nations Treaty Series. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
^"Total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent)". World Bank. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
^Yeo, Sophie (23 June 2016). "Explainer: When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement?". Retrieved 3 September 2016.
^ abSchiermeier, Quirin (4 October 2016). "Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.20735. S2CID 158043198. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
^"Paris Agreement to enter into force as EU agrees ratification". European Commission. 4 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
^Halper, Evan (1 June 2017). "Trump quits the Paris climate accord, calling it a 'bad deal' for the U.S." Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
^"Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification)" (PDF). United Nations. 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-08-14.
^"Trump administration delivers notice US intends to withdraw from Paris climate deal". POLITICO. Retrieved 2017-08-04.
^Producer, Kevin Liptak, CNN White House. "WH: US staying out of climate accord". CNN. Retrieved 2017-09-17. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help)
^Kaufman, Alexander; Sheppard, Kate (2 May 2017). "White House Leaning Toward Exiting Paris Agreement By Next Week, Sources Say". HuffPost. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
^"Paris Agreement: Overview of Legal Issues". Retrieved 22 July 2017.
^"PARIS AGREEMENT - PARIS, 12 DECEMBER 2015 -UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: WITHDRAWAL" (PDF). United Nations. 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
^Newburger, Emma (20 January 2021). "President Joe Biden rejoins the Paris climate accord in first move to tackle global warming". CNBC.
^Whitehouse, The (20 January 2021). "Paris Climate Agreement". White House.
^Choi, Joseph (2021-01-20). "Macron to Biden and Harris: 'Welcome back to the Paris Agreement!'". TheHill. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
April 16, 2023
list, parties, paris, agreement, paris, agreement, agreement, within, united, nations, framework, convention, climate, change, unfccc, dealing, with, greenhouse, emissions, mitigation, adaptation, finance, starting, year, 2020, agreement, aims, respond, global. The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020 The Agreement aims to respond to the global climate change threat by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1 5 degrees Celsius 1 Parties to the Paris Agreement Parties Signatories Parties also covered by European Union ratification Contents 1 History 2 Parties 2 1 European Union and its member states 3 Withdrawal from Agreement 4 Signatories 5 Notes and references 5 1 Notes 5 2 ReferencesHistory EditThe language of the agreement was negotiated by representatives of 197 parties at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC in Paris and adopted by consensus on 12 December 2015 2 3 4 The Agreement was open for signature by States and regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the UNFCCC the Convention from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 at the UN Headquarters in New York 5 The agreement stated that it would enter into force and thus become fully effective only if 55 countries that produce at least 55 of the world s greenhouse gas emissions according to a list produced in 2015 6 ratify accept approve or accede to the agreement 7 8 On 1 April 2016 the United States and China which together represent almost 40 of global emissions issued a joint statement confirming that both countries would sign the Paris Climate Agreement 9 10 175 Parties 174 states and the European Union signed the agreement on the first date it was open for signature 11 12 On the same day more than 20 countries issued a statement of their intent to join as soon as possible with a view to joining in 2016 With ratification by the European Union the Agreement obtained enough parties to enter into effect as of 4 November 2016 Parties EditAs of February 2023 194 states and the EU representing over 98 of global greenhouse gas emissions have ratified or acceded to the Agreement including China and the United States the countries with the 1st and 2nd largest CO2 emissions among UNFCCC members 13 14 15 A further 3 states have signed the Agreement but not ratified it All 198 UNFCCC members have either signed or acceded to the Paris Agreement Party 13 Percentage of greenhousegases for ratification 6 Date of signature Date of ratification acceptance approval or accession Date of entry into force Afghanistan 0 05 22 April 2016 15 February 2017 17 March 2017 Albania 0 02 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Algeria 0 30 22 April 2016 20 October 2016 19 November 2016 Andorra 0 00 22 April 2016 24 March 2017 23 April 2017 Angola 0 17 22 April 2016 16 November 2020 16 December 2020 Antigua and Barbuda 0 00 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Argentina 0 89 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Armenia 0 02 20 September 2016 23 March 2017 22 April 2017 Australia 1 46 22 April 2016 9 November 2016 9 December 2016 Austria a 0 21 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016 Azerbaijan 0 13 22 April 2016 9 January 2017 8 February 2017 Bahamas The 0 00 22 April 2016 22 August 2016 4 November 2016 Bahrain 0 06 22 April 2016 23 December 2016 22 January 2017 Bangladesh 0 27 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Barbados 0 01 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Belarus 0 24 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Belgium a 0 32 22 April 2016 6 April 2017 6 May 2017 Belize 0 00 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Benin 0 02 22 April 2016 31 October 2016 30 November 2016 Bhutan 0 00 22 April 2016 19 September 2017 19 October 2017 Bolivia 0 12 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 08 22 April 2016 16 March 2017 15 April 2017 Botswana 0 02 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016 Brazil 2 48 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Brunei N A b 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Bulgaria a 0 15 22 April 2016 29 November 2016 29 December 2016 Burkina Faso 0 06 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016 Burundi 0 07 22 April 2016 17 January 2018 16 February 2018 Cambodia 0 03 22 April 2016 6 February 2017 8 March 2017 Cameroon 0 45 22 April 2016 29 July 2016 4 November 2016 Canada 1 95 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016 Cape Verde 0 00 22 April 2016 21 September 2017 21 October 2017 Central African Republic 0 01 22 April 2016 11 October 2016 10 November 2016 Chad 0 06 22 April 2016 12 January 2017 11 February 2017 Chile 16 0 25 20 September 2016 10 February 2017 12 March 2017 China c 20 09 22 April 2016 3 September 2016 14 4 November 2016 Colombia 0 41 22 April 2016 12 July 2018 11 August 2018 Comoros 0 00 22 April 2016 23 November 2016 23 December 2016 Congo Democratic Republic of the 0 06 22 April 2016 13 December 2017 12 January 2018 Congo Republic of the 0 01 22 April 2016 21 April 2017 21 May 2017 Cook Islands 0 00 24 June 2016 1 September 2016 4 November 2016 Costa Rica 0 03 22 April 2016 13 October 2016 12 November 2016 Cote d Ivoire 0 73 22 April 2016 25 October 2016 24 November 2016 Croatia a 0 07 22 April 2016 24 May 2017 23 June 2017 Cuba 0 10 22 April 2016 28 December 2016 27 January 2017 Cyprus a 0 02 22 April 2016 4 January 2017 3 February 2017 Czech Republic a 0 34 22 April 2016 5 October 2017 4 November 2017 Denmark d a 0 15 22 April 2016 1 November 2016 1 December 2016 Djibouti 0 00 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016 Dominica 0 00 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Dominican Republic 0 07 22 April 2016 21 September 2017 21 October 2017 East Timor 0 00 22 April 2016 16 August 2017 15 September 2017 Ecuador 0 67 26 July 2016 20 September 2017 20 October 2017 Egypt 0 52 22 April 2016 29 June 2017 29 July 2017 El Salvador 0 03 22 April 2016 27 March 2017 26 April 2017 Equatorial Guinea N A b 22 April 2016 30 October 2018 29 November 2018 Eritrea 0 01 22 April 2016 7 February 2023 9 March 2023 Estonia a 0 06 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016 Eswatini 0 05 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Ethiopia 0 13 22 April 2016 9 March 2017 8 April 2017 European Union N A e 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016 Fiji 0 01 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Finland a 0 17 22 April 2016 14 November 2016 14 December 2016 France a 1 34 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016 Gabon 0 02 22 April 2016 2 November 2016 2 December 2016 Gambia The 0 05 26 April 2016 7 November 2016 7 December 2016 Georgia 0 03 22 April 2016 8 May 2017 7 June 2017 Germany a 2 56 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016 Ghana 0 09 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Greece a 0 28 22 April 2016 14 October 2016 13 November 2016 Grenada 0 00 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Guatemala 0 04 22 April 2016 25 January 2017 24 February 2017 Guinea 0 01 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Guinea Bissau 0 02 22 April 2016 22 October 2018 21 November 2018 Guyana 0 01 22 April 2016 20 May 2016 4 November 2016 Haiti 0 02 22 April 2016 31 July 2017 30 August 2017 Holy See N A f 4 September 2022 4 October 2022 Honduras 0 03 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Hungary a 0 15 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016 Iceland 0 01 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 India 4 10 22 April 2016 2 October 2016 4 November 2016 Indonesia 1 49 22 April 2016 31 October 2016 30 November 2016 Iraq 0 20 8 December 2016 1 November 2021 1 December 2021 Ireland a 0 16 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016 Israel 0 20 22 April 2016 22 November 2016 22 December 2016 Italy a 1 18 22 April 2016 11 November 2016 11 December 2016 Jamaica 0 04 22 April 2016 10 April 2017 10 May 2017 Japan 3 79 22 April 2016 8 November 2016 8 December 2016 Jordan 0 07 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016 Kazakhstan 0 84 2 August 2016 6 December 2016 5 January 2017 Kenya 0 06 22 April 2016 28 December 2016 27 January 2017 Kiribati 0 00 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Kuwait 0 09 22 April 2016 23 April 2018 23 May 2018 Kyrgyzstan 0 03 21 September 2016 18 February 2020 19 March 2020 Laos 0 02 22 April 2016 7 September 2016 4 November 2016 Latvia a 0 03 22 April 2016 16 March 2017 15 April 2017 Lebanon 0 07 22 April 2016 5 February 2020 6 March 2020 Lesotho 0 01 22 April 2016 20 January 2017 19 February 2017 Liberia 0 02 22 April 2016 27 August 2018 26 September 2018 Liechtenstein 0 00 22 April 2016 20 September 2017 20 October 2017 Lithuania a 0 05 22 April 2016 2 February 2017 4 March 2017 Luxembourg a 0 03 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 4 December 2016 Madagascar 0 08 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Malawi 0 07 20 September 2016 29 June 2017 29 July 2017 Malaysia 0 52 22 April 2016 16 November 2016 16 December 2016 Maldives 0 00 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Mali 0 03 22 April 2016 23 September 2016 4 November 2016 Malta a 0 01 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016 Marshall Islands 0 00 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Mauritania 0 02 22 April 2016 27 February 2017 29 March 2017 Mauritius 0 01 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Mexico 1 70 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Micronesia 0 00 22 April 2016 15 September 2016 4 November 2016 Moldova 0 04 21 September 2016 20 June 2017 20 July 2017 Monaco 0 00 22 April 2016 24 October 2016 23 November 2016 Mongolia 0 05 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Montenegro 0 01 22 April 2016 20 December 2017 19 January 2018 Morocco 0 16 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Mozambique 0 02 22 April 2016 4 June 2018 4 July 2018 Myanmar 0 10 22 April 2016 19 September 2017 19 October 2017 Namibia 0 01 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Nauru 0 00 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Nepal 0 07 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016 Netherlands g a 0 53 22 April 2016 28 July 2017 27 August 2017 New Zealand h 0 22 22 April 2016 4 October 2016 4 November 2016 Nicaragua 0 03 23 October 2017 22 November 2017 Niger 0 04 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Nigeria 0 57 22 September 2016 16 May 2017 15 June 2017 Niue 0 01 28 October 2016 28 October 2016 27 November 2016 North Korea 0 23 22 April 2016 1 August 2016 4 November 2016 North Macedonia 0 03 22 April 2016 9 January 2018 8 February 2018 Norway 0 14 22 April 2016 20 June 2016 4 November 2016 Oman 0 06 22 April 2016 22 May 2019 21 June 2019 Pakistan 0 43 22 April 2016 10 November 2016 10 December 2016 Palau 0 00 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Palestine N A f 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Panama 0 03 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Papua New Guinea 0 01 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Paraguay 0 06 22 April 2016 14 October 2016 13 November 2016 Peru 0 22 22 April 2016 25 July 2016 4 November 2016 Philippines 0 34 22 April 2016 23 March 2017 22 April 2017 Poland a 1 06 22 April 2016 7 October 2016 6 November 2016 Portugal a 0 18 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016 Qatar 0 17 22 April 2016 23 June 2017 23 July 2017 Romania a 0 30 22 April 2016 1 June 2017 1 July 2017 Russia 7 53 22 April 2016 7 October 2019 6 November 2019 Rwanda 0 02 22 April 2016 6 October 2016 5 November 2016 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 00 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Saint Lucia 0 00 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 00 22 April 2016 29 June 2016 4 November 2016 Samoa 0 00 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 San Marino 0 00 22 April 2016 26 September 2018 26 October 2018 Sao Tome and Principe 0 00 22 April 2016 2 November 2016 2 December 2016 Saudi Arabia 0 80 3 November 2016 3 November 2016 3 December 2016 Senegal 0 05 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Serbia 0 18 22 April 2016 25 July 2017 24 August 2017 Seychelles 0 00 25 April 2016 29 April 2016 4 November 2016 Sierra Leone 0 98 i 22 September 2016 1 November 2016 1 December 2016 Singapore 0 13 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Slovakia a 0 12 22 April 2016 5 October 2016 4 November 2016 Slovenia a 0 05 22 April 2016 16 December 2016 15 January 2017 Solomon Islands 0 00 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Somalia N A b 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 South Africa 1 46 22 April 2016 1 November 2016 1 December 2016 South Korea 1 85 22 April 2016 3 November 2016 3 December 2016 South Sudan N A b 22 April 2016 23 February 2021 25 March 2021 Spain a 0 87 22 April 2016 12 January 2017 11 February 2017 Sri Lanka 0 05 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Sudan 0 18 22 April 2016 2 August 2017 1 September 2017 Suriname 0 01 22 April 2016 13 February 2019 15 March 2019 Sweden a 0 15 22 April 2016 13 October 2016 12 November 2016 Switzerland 0 14 22 April 2016 6 October 2017 5 November 2017 Syria 0 21 13 November 2017 13 December 2017 Tanzania 0 11 22 April 2016 18 May 2018 17 June 2018 Tajikistan 0 02 22 April 2016 22 March 2017 21 April 2017 Thailand 0 64 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Togo 0 02 19 September 2016 28 June 2017 28 July 2017 Tonga 0 00 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Trinidad and Tobago 0 04 22 April 2016 22 February 2018 24 March 2018 Tunisia 0 11 22 April 2016 10 February 2017 12 March 2017 Turkey 1 24 22 April 2016 11 October 2021 10 November 2021 Turkmenistan 0 20 23 September 2016 20 October 2016 19 November 2016 Tuvalu 0 00 22 April 2016 22 April 2016 4 November 2016 Uganda 0 07 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Ukraine 1 04 22 April 2016 19 September 2016 4 November 2016 United Arab Emirates 0 53 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 United Kingdom 1 55 22 April 2016 18 November 2016 18 December 2016 United States 17 89 22 April 2016 3 September 2016 4 November 2016 j Uruguay 0 05 22 April 2016 19 October 2016 18 November 2016 Uzbekistan 0 54 19 April 2017 9 November 2018 9 December 2018 Vanuatu 0 00 22 April 2016 21 September 2016 4 November 2016 Venezuela 0 52 22 April 2016 21 July 2017 20 August 2017 Vietnam 0 72 22 April 2016 3 November 2016 3 December 2016 Zambia 0 04 20 September 2016 9 December 2016 8 January 2017 Zimbabwe 0 18 22 April 2016 7 August 2017 6 September 2017Total 98 63 6 195 13 European Union and its member states Edit Both the EU and its member states are individually responsible for ratifying the Paris Agreement A strong preference was reported that the EU and its 28 member states deposit their instruments of ratification at the same time to ensure that neither the EU nor its member states engage themselves to fulfilling obligations that strictly belong to the other 22 and there were fears that disagreement over each individual member state s share of the EU wide reduction target as well as Britain s vote to leave the EU might delay the Paris pact 23 However the European Parliament approved ratification of the Paris Agreement on 4 October 2016 24 and the EU deposited its instruments of ratification on 5 October 2016 along with several individual EU member states 23 Withdrawal from Agreement EditFurther information United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement Article 28 of the agreement enables parties to withdraw from the agreement after sending a withdrawal notification to the depositary but notice can be given no earlier than three years after the agreement goes into force for the country Withdrawal is effective one year after the depositary is notified Alternatively the Agreement stipulates that withdrawal from the UNFCCC under which the Paris Agreement was adopted would also withdraw the state from the Paris Agreement The conditions for withdrawal from the UNFCCC are the same as for the Paris Agreement In the agreement no provisions for non compliance are stated On 1 June 2017 then US President Donald Trump announced that the United States would withdraw from the agreement 25 In accordance with Article 28 as the agreement entered into force in the United States on 4 November 2016 the earliest possible effective withdrawal date for the United States was 4 November 2020 If it had chosen to withdraw by way of withdrawing from the UNFCCC notice could be given immediately the UNFCCC entered into force for the US in 1994 and be effective one year later On August 4 2017 the Trump administration delivered an official notice to the United Nations that the US intended to withdraw from the Paris Agreement as soon as it is legally eligible to do so 26 The formal notice of withdrawal could not be submitted until the agreement had been in force for 3 years for the US in 2019 27 28 According to a memo obtained by HuffPost believed to be written by US State Department legal office any attempts to withdraw from the Paris Agreement outside of the above described withdrawal provisions would be inconsistent with international law and would not be accepted internationally 29 30 On 4 November 2019 the United States notified the depositary of its withdrawal from the agreement to be effective exactly one year from that date 31 In one of his first executive actions President Joe Biden signed an order that would have the United States rejoin the agreement 32 33 He was greeted by French President Emmanuel Macron with a Welcome back to the Paris Agreement 34 Signatories EditA further three states have signed but not ratified the Paris Agreement Signatory 13 Percentage of greenhousegases for ratification 6 Date of signature Iran 1 30 22 April 2016 Libya N A b 22 April 2016 Yemen 0 07 23 September 2016Total 1 38 3Notes and references EditNotes Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Also covered by European Union ratification a b c d e Emissions of parties to the UNFCCC that had not yet submitted their first national communication to the UNFCCC secretariat with an emission inventory at the time of adoption of the Paris Agreement were not included in the figure for entry into force of the Agreement 6 Including Hong Kong and Macau Excluding Greenland 17 The emissions of the European Union are accounted for in the total of its individual member states a b Emissions of states that were not a party to the UNFCCC at the time of adoption of the Paris Agreement 20 which were thus not permitted to sign the Agreement were not included in the totals for entry into force for the Agreement For the European Part of the Netherlands Extended to Tokelau on 13 November 2017 18 after initially excluding it 19 Though corresponding with the source the provided number for Sierra Leone s emissions is incorrect According to World Bank data the correct 2000 emissions for Sierra Leone is 14 763 kt CO2 equivalents not 365 107 kt or 0 04 of the world total not 0 98 21 Not a party between 4 November 2020 and 19 February 2021 The United States gave notice of its denunciation of the agreement on 4 November 2019 which came into effect on 4 November 2020 It accepted the agreement again on 20 January 2021 with entry into force again on 19 February 2021 References Edit http unfccc int paris agreement items 9485 php bare URL Jepsen Henrik et al 2021 Negotiating the Paris Agreement The Insider Stories Cambridge University Press ISBN 9781108886246 Sutter John D Berlinger Joshua 12 December 2015 Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris CNN Cable News Network Turner Broadcasting System Inc Retrieved 12 December 2015 Paris climate talks France releases ambitious balanced draft agreement at COP21 ABC Australia 12 December 2015 Article 20 1 a b c d e Information provided in accordance with paragraph 104 of decision 1 CP21 related to entry into force of the Paris Agreement Article 21 PDF UNFCCC Retrieved 23 April 2016 Article 21 1 Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius UN Climate Change Newsroom United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 12 December 2015 Archived from the original on 17 January 2016 Retrieved 14 December 2015 McGrath Matt 31 March 2016 Paris Climate Treaty Significant step as US and China agree to sign Bbc com Retrieved 23 April 2016 Obama and President Xi of China Vow to Sign Paris Climate Agreement Promptly 1 April 2016 Today is an historic day says Ban as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord United Nations 22 April 2016 PARIS AGREEMENT Signature Ceremony PDF UNFCCC 22 April 2016 Archived from the original PDF on 16 May 2017 Retrieved 14 November 2017 a b c d Paris Agreement United Nations Treaty Collection 8 July 2016 a b Paris climate deal US and China formally join pact BBC News 3 September 2016 page visited on 4 September 2016 India Ratifies Landmark Paris Climate Deal Says Kept Our Promise Retrieved 2 October 2016 Chile firmara acuerdo climatico en septiembre y sera uno de los 57 paises que lo ratificarian este ano https treaties un org doc Publication CN 2016 CN 819 2016 Eng pdf bare URL PDF https treaties un org doc Publication CN 2017 CN 705 2017 Eng pdf bare URL PDF https treaties un org doc Publication CN 2016 CN 723 2016 Eng pdf bare URL PDF United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United Nations Treaty Series 23 July 2013 Retrieved 24 July 2013 Total greenhouse gas emissions kt of CO2 equivalent World Bank Retrieved 10 October 2016 Yeo Sophie 23 June 2016 Explainer When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement Retrieved 3 September 2016 a b Schiermeier Quirin 4 October 2016 Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord Nature doi 10 1038 nature 2016 20735 S2CID 158043198 Retrieved 5 October 2016 Paris Agreement to enter into force as EU agrees ratification European Commission 4 October 2016 Retrieved 5 October 2016 Halper Evan 1 June 2017 Trump quits the Paris climate accord calling it a bad deal for the U S Los Angeles Times ISSN 0458 3035 Retrieved 1 June 2017 Reference C N 464 2017 TREATIES XXVII 7 d Depositary Notification PDF United Nations 2017 08 08 Retrieved 2017 08 14 Trump administration delivers notice US intends to withdraw from Paris climate deal POLITICO Retrieved 2017 08 04 Producer Kevin Liptak CNN White House WH US staying out of climate accord CNN Retrieved 2017 09 17 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a first has generic name help Kaufman Alexander Sheppard Kate 2 May 2017 White House Leaning Toward Exiting Paris Agreement By Next Week Sources Say HuffPost Retrieved 22 July 2017 Paris Agreement Overview of Legal Issues Retrieved 22 July 2017 PARIS AGREEMENT PARIS 12 DECEMBER 2015 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WITHDRAWAL PDF United Nations 2019 04 04 Retrieved 2019 04 09 Newburger Emma 20 January 2021 President Joe Biden rejoins the Paris climate accord in first move to tackle global warming CNBC Whitehouse The 20 January 2021 Paris Climate Agreement White House Choi Joseph 2021 01 20 Macron to Biden and Harris Welcome back to the Paris Agreement TheHill Retrieved 2021 02 21 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of parties to the Paris Agreement amp oldid 1147917242, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
