The early life of Bukka as well as his brother Hakka (also known as Harihara I) are relatively unknown and most accounts of their early life are based on various theories (see the Vijayanagara Empire article for more extended descriptions of these). The Father Heras theory states that Sangama brothers had a great devotion to the Karnataka deities like Virupaksha and Keshava. They signed only in Kannada letters like "Sri Virupaksha" in Sanskrit, Telugu, and Tamil records. Dr. Desai quotes that Ferishta called the emperors as "Roise of Carnatic". Carnatic means "Karnataka" hence shows their origin from Karnataka.[6][7][8]
The second theory states that Bukka and Hakka were commanders in the army of the Kakatiya King of Warangal.[9] After the King of Warangal was defeated by Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Bukka and his brother were taken prisoners and sent to Delhi, where they both converted to Islam.[10][11] Bukka and his brother eventually escaped, reconverted to Hinduism under the influence of the sage Vidyaranya, and founded the Vijayanagara Empire.
Harihara and Bukka are believed to be the ancestors of the Badagas of the Nilgiris and A fifth, mentioned by Couto,[30] who fixes the date as 1220, states that while Madhava was living his ascetic life amongst the mountains he was supported by meals brought to him by a poor shepherd called Bukka, “and one day the Brahman said to him, ‘Thou shalt be king and emperor of all Bharatwarsh.’ The other shepherds learned this, and began to treat this shepherd with veneration and made him their head; and he acquired the name of ‘king,’ and began to conquer his neighbours, who were five in number, viz., Canara, Taligas, Canguivarao, Negapatao, and he of the Badagas, and he at last became lord of all and called himself Boca Rao.” Badagas of Nilgiris have Hakka and Bukka structures in many of villages in Nilgiris even to date. Bukka was attacked by the king of Delhi, but the latter was defeated and retired, whereupon Bukka established a city “and called it Visaja Nagar, which we corruptly call Bisnaga; and we call all the kingdom by that name, but the natives amongst themselves always call it the ‘kingdom of Canara.’ " Couto’s narrative seems to be a mixture of several stories. His wrong date points to his having partly depended upon the original chronicle of Portuguese traveler and chronicler Fernão Nunes (Fernao Nuniz), or the summary of it published by Barros; while the rest of the tale savours more of Hindu romance than of historical accuracy. He retains, however, the tradition of an attack by the king of Delhi and the latter’s subsequent retirement.[12]
Reign
Under Bukka Raya's 21-year reign (37, according to Nuniz) the kingdom prospered and continued to expand as Bukka Raya conquered most of the kingdoms of southern India, continually expanding the territory of the empire. He defeated the Shambuvaraya Kingdom of Arcot and the Reddis of Kondavidu by 1360 and the region around Penukonda was annexed. Bukka defeated the Sultanate of Madurai in 1371 and extended his territory into the south all the way to Rameswaram. His son, Kumara Kampana, campaigned with him and their efforts were recorded in the Sanskrit work Madura Vijayam(also known as Veerakamparaya Charitram) written by his wife Gangambika. By 1374 he had gained an upper hand over the Bahmanis for control of the Tungabhadra-Krishna doab and also took control of Goa, a small portion the kingdom of Eastern Ganga Dynasty of Odisha (Orya) were also captured and Bukka forced the Jaffna kingdom of Ceylon and the Zamorins of Malabar to pay tributes to him.
Clashes
During his reign Bukka would also have clashes with the Bahmani Sultans. The first was during the time of Mohammed Shah I and the other during the time of Mujahid Shah Bahmani. It is said that Bukka also sent a mission to China during his reign. Bukka died in about 1380 and was succeeded by Harihara II. It is also notable that under Bukka Raya's reign the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire established itself at Vijayanagara, on the south side of the river, which was more secure and defensive than their previous capital at Anegondi.
Cultural and welfare activities
Even with the wars and internal conflicts, Bukka still managed to help support internal improvements for the city. Important works of literature were also written during his rule. He appointed the famous Telugu poet Nachana Soma as his court poet. Dozens of scholars lived under the guidance of Vidyaranya and Sayana.
Under the patronage of Bukka and other early Vijayanagar kings, a group of scholars headed by Sayana produced commentaries on the Samhitas of the four Vedas, and several of the Brahmanas and Aranyakas.[13]
^Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1998). "Reflections on State-Making and History-Making in South India, 1500-1800". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 41 (3): 382–416. doi:10.1163/156852098323213147. JSTOR 3632419.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^Wagoner, Phillip B. (1996). "Sultan among Hindu Kings": Dress, Titles, and the Islamicization of Hindu Culture at Vijayanagara". The Journal of Asian Studies. 55 (4): 851–880. doi:10.2307/2646526. JSTOR 2646526. S2CID 163090404.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^Phrof A V Narasimha Murthy: Rare Royal Brothers: Hakka and Bukka 13 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ abSen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 103–106. ISBN978-9-38060-734-4.
^Dhere, Ramchandra (2011). Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research. Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 243. ISBN9780199777648.
^"Kingdoms of South Asia - Indian Kingdom of Vijayanagar".
^concise history of Karnataka : suryanath kamath PG 159
^Office of the Registrar General (1962). 'Census of India, 1961, Volume 2, Part 6, Issue 21'. p. 16.
^Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1998). "Reflections on State-Making and History-Making in South India, 1500-1800". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 41 (3): 382–416. doi:10.1163/156852098323213147. ISSN 0022-4995. JSTOR 3632419.
^Wagoner, Phillip B. (1996). ""Sultan among Hindu Kings": Dress, Titles, and the Islamicization of Hindu Culture at Vijayanagara". The Journal of Asian Studies. 55 (4): 851–880. doi:10.2307/2646526. ISSN 0021-9118. JSTOR 2646526. S2CID 163090404.
^Kamil Zvelebil (1973). The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India. BRILL. p. 6. ISBN90-04-03591-5.
Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat, Concise history of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002)
Chopra, P.N. T.K. Ravindran and N. Subrahmaniam.History of South India. S. Chand, 2003. ISBN81-219-0153-7
External links
August 22, 2023
bukka, raya, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, some, this, article, listed, sources, reliable, please, help, this, article, looking, better, more, reliabl. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages Some of this article s listed sources may not be reliable Please help this article by looking for better more reliable sources Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article s factual accuracy is disputed Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced January 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as Reflinks documentation reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation September 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Bukka Raya I reigned 1356 1377 CE was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty 3 4 He was a son of Bhavana Sangama 4 the chieftain of a cowherd pastoralist community who claimed Yadava descent 5 Bukka Raya IPagoda of Bukka Raya IVijayanagara EmperorReign1356 1377 unofficial PredecessorHarihara ISuccessorHarihara IIDied1377 CEVijayanagar Vijayanagara Empire modern day Hampi Karnataka India IssueKumara Kampana Harihara IIHouseSangamaFatherBhavana SangamaMotherMaravve NayakitiReligionHinduism until 1323 1334 1377 Sunni Islam 1323 1334 1 2 Harihara and Bukka meeting VidyaranyaContents 1 Background 2 Reign 3 Clashes 4 Cultural and welfare activities 5 References 6 External linksBackground EditThe early life of Bukka as well as his brother Hakka also known as Harihara I are relatively unknown and most accounts of their early life are based on various theories see the Vijayanagara Empire article for more extended descriptions of these The Father Heras theory states that Sangama brothers had a great devotion to the Karnataka deities like Virupaksha and Keshava They signed only in Kannada letters like Sri Virupaksha in Sanskrit Telugu and Tamil records Dr Desai quotes that Ferishta called the emperors as Roise of Carnatic Carnatic means Karnataka hence shows their origin from Karnataka 6 7 8 The second theory states that Bukka and Hakka were commanders in the army of the Kakatiya King of Warangal 9 After the King of Warangal was defeated by Muhammad bin Tughlaq Bukka and his brother were taken prisoners and sent to Delhi where they both converted to Islam 10 11 Bukka and his brother eventually escaped reconverted to Hinduism under the influence of the sage Vidyaranya and founded the Vijayanagara Empire Harihara and Bukka are believed to be the ancestors of the Badagas of the Nilgiris and A fifth mentioned by Couto 30 who fixes the date as 1220 states that while Madhava was living his ascetic life amongst the mountains he was supported by meals brought to him by a poor shepherd called Bukka and one day the Brahman said to him Thou shalt be king and emperor of all Bharatwarsh The other shepherds learned this and began to treat this shepherd with veneration and made him their head and he acquired the name of king and began to conquer his neighbours who were five in number viz Canara Taligas Canguivarao Negapatao and he of the Badagas and he at last became lord of all and called himself Boca Rao Badagas of Nilgiris have Hakka and Bukka structures in many of villages in Nilgiris even to date Bukka was attacked by the king of Delhi but the latter was defeated and retired whereupon Bukka established a city and called it Visaja Nagar which we corruptly call Bisnaga and we call all the kingdom by that name but the natives amongst themselves always call it the kingdom of Canara Couto s narrative seems to be a mixture of several stories His wrong date points to his having partly depended upon the original chronicle of Portuguese traveler and chronicler Fernao Nunes Fernao Nuniz or the summary of it published by Barros while the rest of the tale savours more of Hindu romance than of historical accuracy He retains however the tradition of an attack by the king of Delhi and the latter s subsequent retirement 12 Reign EditUnder Bukka Raya s 21 year reign 37 according to Nuniz the kingdom prospered and continued to expand as Bukka Raya conquered most of the kingdoms of southern India continually expanding the territory of the empire He defeated the Shambuvaraya Kingdom of Arcot and the Reddis of Kondavidu by 1360 and the region around Penukonda was annexed Bukka defeated the Sultanate of Madurai in 1371 and extended his territory into the south all the way to Rameswaram His son Kumara Kampana campaigned with him and their efforts were recorded in the Sanskrit work Madura Vijayam also known as Veerakamparaya Charitram written by his wife Gangambika By 1374 he had gained an upper hand over the Bahmanis for control of the Tungabhadra Krishna doab and also took control of Goa a small portion the kingdom of Eastern Ganga Dynasty of Odisha Orya were also captured and Bukka forced the Jaffna kingdom of Ceylon and the Zamorins of Malabar to pay tributes to him Clashes EditDuring his reign Bukka would also have clashes with the Bahmani Sultans The first was during the time of Mohammed Shah I and the other during the time of Mujahid Shah Bahmani It is said that Bukka also sent a mission to China during his reign Bukka died in about 1380 and was succeeded by Harihara II It is also notable that under Bukka Raya s reign the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire established itself at Vijayanagara on the south side of the river which was more secure and defensive than their previous capital at Anegondi Cultural and welfare activities EditEven with the wars and internal conflicts Bukka still managed to help support internal improvements for the city Important works of literature were also written during his rule He appointed the famous Telugu poet Nachana Soma as his court poet Dozens of scholars lived under the guidance of Vidyaranya and Sayana Under the patronage of Bukka and other early Vijayanagar kings a group of scholars headed by Sayana produced commentaries on the Samhitas of the four Vedas and several of the Brahmanas and Aranyakas 13 Preceded byHarihara I Vijayanagar empire1356 1377 Succeeded byHarihara IIReferences Edit Subrahmanyam Sanjay 1998 Reflections on State Making and History Making in South India 1500 1800 Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 41 3 382 416 doi 10 1163 156852098323213147 JSTOR 3632419 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint url status link Wagoner Phillip B 1996 Sultan among Hindu Kings Dress Titles and the Islamicization of Hindu Culture at Vijayanagara The Journal of Asian Studies 55 4 851 880 doi 10 2307 2646526 JSTOR 2646526 S2CID 163090404 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint url status link Phrof A V Narasimha Murthy Rare Royal Brothers Hakka and Bukka Archived 13 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine a b Sen Sailendra 2013 A Textbook of Medieval Indian History Primus Books pp 103 106 ISBN 978 9 38060 734 4 Dhere Ramchandra 2011 Rise of a Folk God Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research Oxford University Press 2011 p 243 ISBN 9780199777648 http www bellary nic in history htm Kingdoms of South Asia Indian Kingdom of Vijayanagar concise history of Karnataka suryanath kamath PG 159 Office of the Registrar General 1962 Census of India 1961 Volume 2 Part 6 Issue 21 p 16 Subrahmanyam Sanjay 1998 Reflections on State Making and History Making in South India 1500 1800 Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 41 3 382 416 doi 10 1163 156852098323213147 ISSN 0022 4995 JSTOR 3632419 Wagoner Phillip B 1996 Sultan among Hindu Kings Dress Titles and the Islamicization of Hindu Culture at Vijayanagara The Journal of Asian Studies 55 4 851 880 doi 10 2307 2646526 ISSN 0021 9118 JSTOR 2646526 S2CID 163090404 A Forgotten Empire Chapter 2 Kamil Zvelebil 1973 The Smile of Murugan On Tamil Literature of South India BRILL p 6 ISBN 90 04 03591 5 Dr Suryanath U Kamat Concise history of Karnataka MCC Bangalore 2001 Reprinted 2002 Chopra P N T K Ravindran and N Subrahmaniam History of South India S Chand 2003 ISBN 81 219 0153 7External links EditAP Online Medieval history Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bukka Raya I amp oldid 1164750258, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
