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Geert Wilders

January 01, 1970

Geert Wilders (Dutch: [ˈɣeːrt ˈʋɪldərs]; born 6 September 1963) is a Dutch politician who has led the Party for Freedom (PVV) since he founded it in 2006.[1][2] He is also the party's leader in the House of Representatives, having held a parliamentary seat since 1998. In the 2010 formation of the first Rutte cabinet, a minority government of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) – which he left in 2004 – and Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Wilders actively participated in the negotiations, resulting in a "tolerance agreement" between the PVV and these parties. He withdrew his party's parliamentary support in 2012, citing disagreements with the cabinet over proposed budget cuts.[3] Wilders is best known for his right-wing populism, anti-immigration, opposition to Islam and Euroscepticism,[4] and for his relations with Russia.[5] His views have made him a controversial figure in the Netherlands and abroad. Since 2004, he has been protected at all times by armed police.[6]

Geert Wilders
Wilders in 2014
Leader of the Party for Freedom
Assumed office
22 February 2006
Preceded byPosition established
Leader of the Party for Freedom in the House of Representatives
Assumed office
23 November 2006
Preceded byPosition established
Member of the House of Representatives
Assumed office
26 July 2002
In office
25 August 1998 – 23 May 2002
Personal details
Born (1963-09-06) 6 September 1963 (age 60)
Venlo, Netherlands
Political partyPVV (2006–present)
Other political
affiliations
Spouse
Krisztina Márfai
​
(m. 1992)​
ResidenceThe Hague
Alma materOpen University of the Netherlands
Websitegeertwilders.nl

Raised a Roman Catholic, Wilders left the church at his coming of age. His travels to Israel and the Arab world as a young adult significantly helped form his political views.[7] Wilders worked as a speechwriter for the conservative-liberal VVD; he later served as parliamentary assistant to party leader Frits Bolkestein from 1990 to 1998. He entered the municipal council of Utrecht in 1997. The following year he entered the House of Representatives. Citing irreconcilable differences over the party's position on the accession of Turkey to the European Union, he left the VVD in 2004 to form his own party, the Party for Freedom. Wilders has campaigned to stop what he views as the "Islamisation of the Netherlands". He has compared the Quran to Mein Kampf and has campaigned to have the book banned in the Netherlands.[8][9] He advocates ending immigration from Muslim countries,[8][10] and banning the construction of new mosques.[11] Wilders was a speaker at the Facing Jihad Conference in Israel in 2008, which discussed the dangers of jihad, and has called for a hard line against what he called "street terror" exerted by minorities in Dutch cities.[12] His controversial 2008 film featuring his views on Islam, Fitna, received international attention and extreme criticism. His party was also sued because content was used in his film without permission.[13] He has been described in the media as populist[14][15][16] and labeled far-right.[17][18][19] He was also described by the media as an Islamophobe.[20][21] Wilders rejects being labeled as far-right and views himself as a right-wing liberal, while saying he does not want to be "linked with the wrong rightist fascist groups".[22] More recently, Wilders has worked together with Marine Le Pen of the French National Front, as well as Austria's Freedom Party, Italy's Lega Nord and Belgium's Vlaams Belang.[23][24][25][26]

On 4 September 2020, the Dutch court convicted Wilders for group insults.[27][28][29]

Early life and career

 
Wilders started off his political development under his mentor, Frits Bolkestein.

Wilders was born on 6 September 1963 in the city of Venlo, in the province of Limburg. He is the son of Johannes Henricus Andreas Wilders and Anne Maria (Ording) Wilders.[30][31] He is the youngest of four children,[32] and was raised Catholic. His father was Dutch; his mother Maria Anne Ourding was born at Sukabumi,[33] the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)[34][35] with a mixed Dutch and Indonesian background.[36][37] His father worked as a manager for the printing and copying manufacturing company Océ,[38] and had hidden from the Germans during the Second World War, an experience so traumatizing that he refused to physically enter Germany even forty years later.[7]

Wilders received his secondary education at the Mavo and Havo middle school and high school in Venlo. Reflecting passions that came to the fore later in his career, Wilders took a course in health insurance at the Stichting Opleiding Sociale Verzekeringen in Amsterdam and earned several law certificates at the Dutch Open University.[citation needed]

Wilders' goal after he graduated from secondary school was to see the world. Because he did not have enough money to travel to Australia, his preferred destination, he went to Israel instead[7] and volunteered for a year in a moshav, Tomer, on the West Bank.[39] With the money he saved, he travelled to the neighbouring Arab countries, and was moved by the lack of democracy in the region. When he returned to the Netherlands, he retained Israeli ideas about counter-terrorism and a "special feeling of solidarity" for the country.[40]

Living in Utrecht, Wilders initially worked in the health insurance industry. His interest in the subject led him into politics as a speech-writer for the Netherlands' People's Party for Freedom and Democracy.[7][41] He started his formal political career as a parliamentary assistant to the party leader Frits Bolkestein, specialising in foreign policy. He held this job from 1990 to 1998. During this time Wilders travelled extensively,[42] visiting countries all across the Middle East, including Iran, Syria, Jordan, Egypt and Israel. Bolkestein was the first Dutch politician to address the consequences of mass immigration for Dutch society, including a sharp criticism of Muslim immigrants. He set an example for Wilders not only in his ideas but also in his confrontational speaking style.[7][42] Political analyst Anno Bunnik later described Wilders as a "sorcerer's apprentice" to Bolkestein.[43]

Political career

In 1997, Wilders was elected for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) to the municipal council of Utrecht, the fourth largest city of the Netherlands.[41][42] He lived in Kanaleneiland, a suburb with cheap social housing and high apartment blocks, which has a relatively high number of immigrants. While a city councilor, Wilders was mugged in his own neighbourhood; some have speculated that this may have catalysed his political transformation.[7] He was not rewarded for his time on the municipal council of Utrecht, for in the following elections he would score well below the national average in the University city.[44]

 
Wilders (left) during the final debate of the 2006 election

A year later, he was elected to the Netherlands' national parliament,[41] but his first four years in parliament drew little attention.[42] However, his appointment in 2002 as a public spokesman for the VVD led Wilders to become more well known for his outspoken criticism of Islamic extremism. Tensions immediately developed within the party, as Wilders found himself to be to the right of most members, and challenged the party line in his public statements.[32] He was expelled from the VVD parliamentary party, and in September 2004, Wilders left the VVD, having been a member since 1989, to form his own political party, Groep Wilders, later renamed the Party for Freedom.[45] The crunch issue with the VVD party line was about his refusal to endorse the party's position that European Union accession negotiations must be started with Turkey.[42]

The Party for Freedom's political platform often overlaps those of the assassinated Rotterdam politician Pim Fortuyn and his Pim Fortuyn List.[41] After his death, Fortuyn's impact remained, as more and more politicians sought to gain political mileage by directly confronting topics such as a ban on immigration that were, from a politically correct point of view, considered unmentionable in the Netherlands until Fortuyn came on the scene and upended the Dutch tradition of consensus politics with an anti-immigration stance. Wilders would position himself to inherit Fortuyn's constituency.[46] The Party for Freedom called for a €16 billion tax reduction, a far stricter policy toward recreational drug use, investing more in roads and other infrastructure, building nuclear power plants and including animal rights in the Dutch constitution.[47] In the 2006 Dutch parliamentary election, their first parliamentary election, the Party for Freedom won 9 out of the 150 open seats.[48]

In March 2009, in a party meeting in Venlo, Wilders said "I want to be prime minister", believing the PVV will eventually become the Netherlands' biggest party. "At some point it's going to happen and then it will be a big honour to fulfil the post of prime minister".[49]

Polling conducted throughout March 2009 by Maurice de Hond indicated the Party for Freedom was the most popular parliamentary party. The polls predicted that the party would take 21% of the national vote, winning 32 out of 150 seats in the Dutch parliament.[50] If the polling results were replicated in an election, Wilders would be a major power broker. Under such circumstances, there would also be some likelihood of him becoming Prime Minister of the Netherlands.[51][52] This has been partially attributed to timely prosecution attempts against him for hate speech and the travel ban imposed on him by the United Kingdom,[53] as well as dissatisfaction with the Dutch government's response to the global financial crisis of 2008–2009.[50]

 
Wilders (right) with VVD and CDA leaders Mark Rutte and Maxime Verhagen following the 2010 election.

On 3 March 2010, elections for the local councils were held in the municipalities of The Netherlands. The PVV only contested these local elections in the Dutch towns The Hague and Almere, because of a shortage of good candidates. The big gains that were scored indicated that the party and Wilders might dominate the political scene in the run-up to the parliamentary elections scheduled on 9 June 2010. The PVV won in Almere and came second to the Dutch Labour party in The Hague. In Almere, the PVV won 21 percent of the vote to Labour's 18 percent, preliminary results showed. In The Hague, the PVV had 8 seats – second to Labour with 10 seats.[citation needed]

On 8 March 2010, Wilders announced that he would take a seat on the Hague city council, after it became clear he won 13,000 preference votes. Earlier he had said he would not take up a seat if he won.[54][55] In the parliamentary elections on 9 June 2010, the PVV increased its number of seats from 9 to 24 (out of 150), getting 15.5% of the vote. This made the PVV the third party in size. With a fragmented parliament, at least three parties were required for an absolute majority. A coalition of VVD and Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) was negotiated with parliamentary support by the PVV. The PVV did not become part of the government formed by VVD and CDA but actively participated in the negotiations and thus policy decisions and – as part of the outcome agreed that they would not support any motion to dismiss ministers concerning topics listed in a so-called "support agreement" – much like the Danish model where the Danish People's Party had played a similar role.[56] The very fact of the participation of Wilders' party in these negotiations caused fierce discussions in political circles.

On 21 April 2012, Wilders withdrew his support from the Rutte cabinet because of new austerity measures that were about to be taken. Commenting on his withdrawal Wilders blamed the "European dictates" pointing to the 3% rule on budget deficit for European countries although his party had supported these rules earlier on. The cabinet blamed Wilders for what they call his "lack of political will" and "political cowardice" in regards to addressing the economic woes of the Netherlands.[3] Wilders' withdrawal from the negotiations led to new elections in September. Wilders and the PVV ran on a campaign to have the Netherlands withdraw from the European Union and for a return to the guilder. The PVV won 10.1% of the vote and 15 seats in parliament, a loss of 9 seats.[57][58]

In the March 2014 local elections, Wilders' Party for Freedom only took part in two municipalities, The Hague and Almere, and suffered minor losses in both. Nevertheless, international news coverage of the elections was dominated by Wilders after he led his supporters in a provocative chant (calling for "fewer, fewer ... Moroccans") at an election night party rally.[59][60][61][62][63] This eventually led to a new trial against him (see § Trials).

In the May 2014 elections for the European Parliament, the Party for Freedom received 17.0% of the vote and four seats, a slight gain compared to the 13.3% of the vote the party had received in the previous parliamentary elections. In the run-up to and aftermath of those European elections, Wilders worked with the French Front National's Marine Le Pen to try to form a new parliamentary group in the European Parliament. They first announced their collaboration during a joint press conference in November 2013, where Wilders vowed that "today is the beginning of the liberation from the European elite, the monster in Brussels".[23][24] Wilders visited the Sweden Democrats party and spoke with the Austrian Freedom party's leader Heinz-Christian Strache to help bring about the alliance, even while rejecting Hungary's Jobbik and Germany's NPD because he wanted to exclude "right-wing extremist and racist" parties.[64] Three days after the elections finished, Le Pen and Wilders presented another press conference, this time with Matteo Salvini of Italy's Northern League, Harald Vilimsky of Austria's Freedom Party and Gerolf Annemans of Belgium's Flemish Interest party, to promise that the parliamentary group would be formed.[25] Eventually, however, the effort failed because it could only unite parties from six EU member states,[65] one fewer than is required by parliamentary rules. This was in part due to a refusal to include the Greek Golden Dawn or Poland's Congress of the New Right, and in part because parties like the Danish People's party and the True Finns refused to join.[25][26]

In the March 2015 provincial elections, the Party for Freedom received 11.7% of the vote nationally, slipping slightly from the 12.4% of the vote it had gotten in the 2011 provincial elections.

The PVV contested the 2017 general election with Wilders at its helm. Although the PVV led other parties in opinion polls most of the time, all major parties ruled out forming coalitions with the PVV, effectively locking it out from any chance of taking part in, let alone leading, the next government.[66] This raised the prospect of the PVV being locked out of power even if it won the most seats. Wilders hinted that a "revolution" would occur if his party won the most seats and was still shut out of government.[67]

The PVV ended up achieving second place after winning 20 seats, five more than in 2012.[68]

In the 2021 Dutch general election the PVV received 10.79% of the total votes cast. This earned them 17 seats in the House of Representatives.[69] Responding to reporters who asked what his reaction was to the election results, Wilders attributed the loss of three seats to a recent lack of important events involving Islam and immigration.[70]

In January 2021, it was revealed by OpenSecrets that American Robert J. Shillman paid nearly $214,000 in 2017 to help Wilders pay for his successful legal defence in an indictment for hate speech against Muslims in general and Moroccans in particular. Wilders has included the points of views of this financier in his election manifesto.[71][72]

In the run-up to the 2023 Dutch general election on 22 November 2023, migration was the dominant theme. During the campaign, the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) did not rule out the possibility of forming a coalition with the PVV. With this, Wilders positioned the PVV, previously perceived by a significant portion of the population as a right-wing radical party, as a centrist party with a clear stance on migration.[73] In the week preceding the election day, Wilders showed a more moderate side and expressed willingness to set aside incompatible PVV themes.[74] The results of the 2023 Dutch general election were described as "one of the biggest political upsets in Dutch politics since World War II",[75] with the PVV becoming the largest party in the House of Representatives.[75]

On 13 March 2024, Wilders announced that he was withdrawing his bid to become prime minister, citing a lack of support from potential coalition partners.[76] The next day, he described his withdrawal as unfair and "constitutionally wrong".[77]

On 15 May 2024, it was announced that Wilders had reached a provisional agreement with three other Dutch party leaders to form a coalition government. The coalition government will comprise of Wilders' PVV party, the VVD party (led by Dilan Yeşilgöz), the New Social Contract party, and the Farmer–Citizen Movement party. Wilders stated: "A new wind is blowing through the country. The motto is hope, courage, and pride. We can be proud of this country again." The question of who will be the next Prime-Minister of the Netherlands remains undecided, with Wilders' party nominating Ronald Plasterk for the role; the New Social Contract party are reportedly hesitant to support the nomination.[78][79][80]

Political positions

Wilders generally considers himself to be a right-wing liberal, with a specific mix of positions independent of the European political spectrum and peculiar to iconoclastic Dutch society. He has stated, "My allies are not Le Pen or Haider ... We'll never join up with the fascists and Mussolinis of Italy. I'm very afraid of being linked with the wrong rightist fascist groups", adding that his drive instead is such issues as freedom of expression and Dutch iconoclasm.[4] Wilders views British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher as his greatest political role model.[4] People's Party for Freedom and Democracy figure Frits Bolkestein also heavily influenced his beliefs.[42] On foreign relations, Wilders has largely supported Israel and has criticized countries he perceives as enemies of Israel.[40]

While best known for his anti-Islam views, Wilders had not yet developed these views as of 2001 when he spoke against Pim Fortuyn and said "I have said from the beginning: Islam, there is nothing wrong with that, it is a religion to be respected. Most Muslims in the world, but also in the Netherlands, are good citizens and there is nothing wrong with that. It's about that little bit of Muslim extremism.”[81]

Domestic principles

Wilders strongly opposes the Dutch political system in general. He believes that there is a ruling elite of parliamentarians who only care about their own personal careers and disregard the will of the people. He also blames the Dutch system of multiparty coalition governments for a lack of clear and effective policies.[42] In his view, Dutch society advocates rule by consensus and cultural relativism, while he believes that this should change so as "not [to] tolerate the intolerant".[82]

Wilders often mentions Henk and Ingrid in his speeches, fictitious ordinary Dutch subjects for whom he claims to work.[83] Henk and Ingrid represent "the Average Joe" in Dutch political parlance, the "heart and backbone of Dutch society".[83][84][85] They have been compared to Joe the Plumber in Dutch media (though "Joe" is a real person).[84] Henk and Ingrid live in a Vinex neighbourhood, have two school-attending children and a median income; both work outside the home. They used to vote for the PvdA but now vote for the PVV.[86]

He has made some proposals in the Dutch Parliament inspired by Israeli policies: for example, he supports implementing Israeli-style administrative detention in the Netherlands, a practice heavily criticized by human rights groups but which Wilders calls "common sense".[82] Wilders has also revived the old idea of reuniting Flanders with the Netherlands.[87] In a 2023 tweet and jibe against D66, Wilders wrote about the present Netherlands:

A country full of asylum profiteers, woke crazies, climate fools, Arabs, non-binaries, farmer haters and quinoa chewers.[88]

Klare Wijn

Wilders published the version of his political manifesto called Klare Wijn ("Clear Wine") in March 2006. The program proposed the implementation of ten key points:

  • Considerable reduction of taxes and state regulations;
  • Replacement of the present Article 1 of the Dutch constitution, guaranteeing equality under the law, by a clause stating the cultural dominance of the Christian, Jewish and humanist traditions;
  • Reduction of the influence of the European Union, which may no longer be expanded with new member states, especially Turkey; the European Parliament would be abolished; Dutch financial contributions to the European Union would be reduced by billions of euros;
  • A five-year moratorium on the immigration of non-Western foreigners who intend to stay in the Netherlands; foreign residents no longer would have the right to vote in municipal elections;
  • A five-year moratorium on the founding of new mosques and Islamic schools and a permanent ban on preaching in any language other than Dutch; foreign imams would not be allowed to preach; radical mosques would be closed, and radical Muslims would be expelled;
  • Restoration of educational standards, with an emphasis on the educational value of the family;
  • Introduction of binding referendums and elected mayors, chiefs of police, and prime ministers;
  • Introduction of minimum criminal penalties and higher maximum penalties; introduction of administrative detention for terror suspects; street terrorism would be punished by boot camps and denaturalisation and deportation of immigrant offenders;
  • Restoration of respect and better compensation for teachers, policemen, health care workers, and military personnel;
  • Instead of complicated reorganisation, a more accessible and humane health care system, especially for elderly citizens.[89][90]

Views on Islam

Wilders is best known for his criticism of Islam, summing up his views by saying, "I don't hate Muslims, I hate Islam".[4] His brother Paul claimed in an interview that, in his private affairs, Wilders has no problems with Muslims.[91] Although identifying Islamic extremists as 5–15% of Muslims,[82] he argues that "there is no such thing as 'moderate Islam'" and that the "Koran also states that Muslims who believe in only part of the Koran are in fact apostates".[92] He suggests that Muslims should "tear out half of the Koran if they wished to stay in the Netherlands" because it contains "terrible things" and that Muhammad would "... in these days be hunted down as a terrorist".[93] Wilders argues that Islam is not a religion, but rather a totalitarian political ideology such as communism and fascism.[94]

On 8 August 2007, Wilders opined in an open letter[95] to the Dutch newspaper De Volkskrant that the Koran, which he called a "fascist book", should be outlawed in the Netherlands, like Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf.[96] He has stated that "The book incites hatred and killing and therefore has no place in our legal order".[97] He has also referred to Mohammed as "the devil".[39] In September 2009, Wilders proposed putting what he called a "head rag tax" on Hijab wearing by Muslim women; he suggested that women could purchase a license for €1000 and that the money raised could be used in projects beneficial to women's emancipation.[98][99]

He believes that all Muslim immigration to the Netherlands should be halted and all settled immigrants should be paid to leave.[4] Referring to the increased population of Muslims in the Netherlands, he has said:

Take a walk down the street and see where this is going. You no longer feel like you are living in your own country. There is a battle going on and we have to defend ourselves. Before you know it there will be more mosques than churches![100]

In a speech before the Dutch Parliament, he stated:

Islam is the Trojan Horse in Europe. If we do not stop Islamification now, Eurabia and Netherabia will just be a matter of time. One century ago, there were approximately 50 Muslims in the Netherlands. Today, there are about 1 million Muslims in this country. Where will it end? We are heading for the end of European and Dutch civilisation as we know it. Where is our Prime Minister in all this? In reply to my questions in the House he said, without batting an eyelid, that there is no question of our country being Islamified. Now, this reply constituted a historical error as soon as it was uttered. Very many Dutch citizens, Madam Speaker, experience the presence of Islam around them. And I can report that they have had enough of burkas, headscarves, the ritual slaughter of animals, so‑called honour revenge, blaring minarets, female circumcision, hymen restoration operations, abuse of homosexuals, Turkish and Arabic on the buses and trains as well as on town hall leaflets, halal meat at grocery shops and department stores, Sharia exams, the Finance Minister's Sharia mortgages, and the enormous overrepresentation of Muslims in the area of crime, including Moroccan street terrorists.[92]

Nonetheless, Wilders has traveled widely in the Arab world and Der Spiegel has stated that Wilders will "wax poetic" over those "magnificent countries". Wilders has also said that "It's a real shame that these places are so chaotic."[7]

After the Dutch parliament turned down his request for an exhibition of cartoons depicting Muhammad be shown in parliament, Wilders vowed to show cartoons depicting him on television during time reserved for political parties.[101]

After the November 2015 Paris attacks, Wilders, in an article in The New York Times, argued for a national referendum in the Netherlands to decide about the refugee crisis.[102]

Fitna

Main article: Fitna (film)

Fitna is a 2008 short film written and commissioned by Wilders that explores Koranic-inspired motivations for terrorism, Islamic universalism, and Islam in the Netherlands. Its title comes from the Arabic word fitna, which means a "test of faith in times of trial", or refers to a situation where one's faith is tested.[103]

It was the subject of an international controversy and debate on free speech,[104] and drew condemation from Arabs.[105] Despite the legal troubles surrounding the film, Wilders insists that before he released it, he consulted numerous lawyers in the field, who found nothing worth prosecution. The kingdom of Jordan has summoned Wilders to court, with the film deemed to "incite hatred".[106] Militant Sunni Islamist group Al-Qaeda issued a call to murder Wilders after its release.[19]

Views on the European Union

Wilders is eurosceptic. In 2013, he along with Marine Le Pen teamed up in the European Parliament campaigning against the EU and the single currency, with Wilders calling the EU the "monster in Brussels". He added "We want to decide how we control our borders, our money, our economy, our currency."[107] In a publicity stunt in 2014, Wilders vandalised the Flag of Europe with scissors in front of the Parliament in Brussels.[108]

After the 2016 referendum in Britain, Wilders praised the result for the Brits and noted that the Netherlands should do the same; in a statement he said: "The Party for Freedom consequently demands a referendum on NExit, a Dutch EU exit".[109]

Views on Israel and Palestine

Wilders lived in Israel for two years during his youth and has visited the country 40 times in 25 years, as of 2006.[110] Wilders stated about Israel: "I have visited many interesting countries in the Middle East – from Syria to Egypt, from Tunisia to Turkey, from Cyprus to Iran – but nowhere did I have the special feeling of solidarity that I always get when I land at Ben Gurion International Airport."[40] Dutch public TV channel Nederland 2's daily news programme Netwerk reported that numerous American supporters of Israel financially supported Wilders' Party for Freedom (PVV) and openly approved of his message towards Islam and Islamic terrorism.[111] Wilders told an audience during the report that "We [in the West] are all Israel".[111] He has also said "Israel is the West's first line of defence" against what he perceives to be a threat posed by Islam.[112]

Following the 2010 Dutch general election, in which the PVV was the third biggest party, Wilders said Jordan should be renamed Palestine.[113] The Jordanian government responded saying Wilders' speech was reminiscent of the Israeli right wing. His speech said "Jordan is Palestine. Changing its name to Palestine will end the conflict in the Middle East and provide the Palestinians with an alternate homeland." He also said Israel deserves a special status in the Dutch government because it was fighting for "Jerusalem" in its name.

"If Jerusalem falls into the hands of the Muslims, Athens and Rome will be next. Thus, Jerusalem is the main front protecting the West. It is not a conflict over territory but rather an ideological battle, between the mentality of the liberated West and the ideology of Islamic barbarism. There has been an independent Palestinian state since 1946, and it is the kingdom of Jordan."

He called on the Dutch government to refer to Jordan as Palestine and move its embassy to Jerusalem.[114] In December 2010, Wilders urged Israel to build more Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank and subsequently annex the West Bank so that Israel could establish defensible borders. He blamed Arab countries for the suffering of Palestinian refugees and called on Jordan to open its borders to Palestinians.[115]

The Dutch Intelligence Service (AIVD) investigated Wilders in 2009–2010 for his "ties to Israel and their possible influence on his loyalty."[116]

Wilders condemned Hamas's October 2023 attack on Israel. After the attacks, he displayed an Israeli flag in his office alongside the Dutch one.[117][118] During an election debate in October 2023, he criticized the Dutch government for not taking action against pro-Palestinian and anti-Israel protests.[119] He once again reiterated his "Jordan is Palestine" comment.[120]

Views on Russia and Ukraine

In 2016, Wilders described Vladimir Putin as a "true patriot" and an ally in the war against Islamic terrorism.[121][122][123] In 2016, he opposed the Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine.[121]

In November 2017, Wilders said there was "hysterical Russophobia" in the Dutch government that he wanted to counter.[124] However, the PVV insisted on punishing the perpetrators of the downing of flight MH17.[121] On 28 February 2018, four years after Russia's annexation of Crimea, Wilders traveled to Moscow and met with senior Russian officials in the Duma. His trip sparked sharp criticism among relatives of Dutch victims of the MH17 disaster, who accused him of disregarding Moscow's involvement in the tragedy.[125][126][127][128] On 27 February 2018, Wilders tweeted, "Russia. Moscow. Duma. Stop the Russiaphobia. It's time for Realpolitik. Partnership instead of enmity!"[129][128]

On 24 February 2022, the day the Russian invasion of Ukraine started, Wilders tweeted "Do not let Dutch households pay the price for a war that is not ours."[130] Wilders and PVV backed an unsuccessful motion to declare Dutch neutrality in February 2022 and to end sanctions on Russia in June 2022. He linked sanctions against Russia with rising inflation and the energy crisis.[121] In March 2022, Wilders tweeted, "I have sympathy for the Ukrainians, but I have been elected by the 1 million Dutch people who have voted for me."[131][121] He would temporarily accept a limited number of Ukrainian refugees and support European states accepting refugees from Ukraine.[121]

Later in 2022, Wilders and the PVV verbally condemned the Russian invasion, although in 2023, Wilders argued against military aid to Ukraine.[125][121][132][133] According to the PVV's electoral manifesto, "The Russian aggressor has unlawfully invaded Ukraine. But we do not send our money and defence equipment such as F16s to Ukraine but keep it for our own Armed Forces".[134][121]

Documents leaked by Ukrainian hackers in October 2023 purported to show attempts by the Kremlin to cultivate connections with members of PVV.[135][136][132]

Views on LGBT community

According to Wilders, the LGBT community in Europe is threatened by mass immigration from the Muslim world.[137] He said that "We were always one of the top parties that were supported by (the gay) community. We believe that like Christians and Jews and women and journalists, gay people are also one of the first to pay the price of ... Islamization."[138] However, Wilders has criticized the promotion of "woke indoctrination" among young children, describing it as a "woke dictatorship". Wilders asserts that the freedoms that homosexual people should ideally enjoy, such as the freedom to express affection, marry, and have children, are held back by Islam which opposes it, and actively resists against it.[139]

He has stated that transsexuals should only be allowed to change gender with the approval of a doctor or psychiatrist.[140] His party's manifesto talks about schoolchildren being "indoctrinated" with "gender insanity".[141]

Other positions

In the 1990s while at the VVD, Wilders advocated for ethnic Hungarians, claiming that Hungarians in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia and Ukraine were being oppressed.[142] In 1996, the VVD distanced itself from the Hungary working group after questions were asked by Slovakian diplomats.[143]

Wilders supported Indian politician Nupur Sharma's comments on Muhammad that caused controversy. He also supported the decision of India's Hindu nationalist-led government to revoke the special status of Muslim-majority Jammu and Kashmir. He posted: "India is a full democracy. Pakistan is a 100 per cent terror state. So the choice is easy. Welcome home Kashmir. #IndiaForKashmir."[144]

Regarding climate change, Wilders has said "We are not climate deniers. We have a climate problem, but we cannot solve it in the Netherlands. If you close a coal-fired power station in the Netherlands, ten will be added in China in the same week."[119]

Public reception

Image

Wilders has become a controversial figure[7][145] with polarized opinions[146] on him from the world news media. Regarding his reputation in the Netherlands, Wilders stated in 2009, "Half of Holland loves me and half of Holland hates me. There is no in-between." In 2005, the Dutch public expressed mixed reactions to Wilders' general agenda, with 53% calling it "implausible" and 47% more supportive.[147] He has been described as populist,[14][15][16] labelled as both "extreme right"[148] and far-right,[19] and defended by others as a mainstream politician with legitimate concerns[14] saying that such labels are shallow smear attempts. Wilders himself rejects the labels and has called such descriptions "scandalous".[14] A 2023 profile by the BBC claimed Wilders to be a "firebrand and a radical" in public who fiercely rejects the "far-right" label but "affable" in private and that he gets on well with many of his political opponents.[149] Journalist and filmmaker Stephen Robert Morse who produced the documentary EuroTrump detailing Wilders' campaign during the 2017 Dutch general election described Wilders as holding strong opinions but also as a "likable and normal guy" outside of politics.[150]

Wilders has been both accused of building his popularity on fear and resentment[151][152] and vociferously defended for having the courage to talk openly about the problems unfettered immigration brings with it and the "incompatibility" of fundamentalist Islam with western values.[153]

Domestic recognition

Wilders was respectively declared as "Man of the Year" in 22 December 2023 by Dutch magazine Panorama[154] and "Politician of the Year" in 15 December 2007 by NOS-radio, a mainstream Dutch radio station. The parliamentary press praised his ability to dominate political discussion and to attract the debate and to get into publicity with his well-timed one-liners.[155] The editors eventually gave the title to Wilders because he was the only one who scored high among both the press and the general public.[156][157] In December 2009, Wilders came in second in two polls in the Netherlands for Politician of the Year. A panel of Dutch television viewers praised him as "the second best" politician this year (after his outspoken critic Alexander Pechtold), while his colleagues in parliament named him "the second worst" (after Rita Verdonk).[158]

In February 2010, the trailer of a newly published online satirical video on the website of the Dutch radio station FunX, which targets a young urban audience, spoofed a murder attempt on Wilders.[159]

On 2 October 2011 Radio Netherlands Worldwide reported that a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) Frits Bolkestein, who is sometime called the 'mentor' of Geert Wilders, "does not share his views". He reportedly said that "Wilders says things that are just not right and I think he totally exaggerates." While giving his opinion on burqa ban Mr Bolkestein said that he "disagrees with the recent introduction of a burqa ban, an idea championed by Geert Wilders." The Netherlands, he said, is the third European country to introduce such a ban after France and Belgium. "A ban makes martyrs of the few burqa wearers there are in the Netherlands", he said.[160]

Wilders has also been compared to the assassinated fellow critic of Islam and filmmaker Theo van Gogh, but he does not see himself as taking on van Gogh's mantle.[37]

Criticism

 
Wilders (alongside Donald Trump, Nigel Farage, Marine Le Pen) named as fascists during a 2017 march in Amsterdam

Some Muslim critics of Wilders accuse him of using Quranic verses out of context, and of manipulating verses to have a different meaning than the verses intended to.[161] Wilders' views on Islam prompted the Mayor of Rotterdam, Ahmed Aboutaleb, to reprimand him.[162] Wilders has stated that he supports the free speech rights of his critics, saying that "An Imam who wants a politician dead is – however reprehensible – allowed to say so".[147] He has responded to critics' comments of racism and Islamophobia by stating, "I don't hate Muslims. I hate their book and their ideology".[4]

Editorials in The Montreal Gazette, The Wall Street Journal, The Guardian, and The New York Times have accused Wilders of hypocrisy given that, in their view, Wilders has called for the ban of the sale of the Quran while simultaneously arguing for his own personal freedom of speech.[163][164][165] In a speech during a Dutch parliamentary debate, Wilders elaborated that he calls for the consistent application of Dutch laws restricting any act of expression that incites violence.[92] Ideally, he would prefer to see nearly all such laws abolished.[147][166]

In February 2012, Wilders was accused of anti-Polish sentiment after his party launched a "hotline" website for public complaints specifically about Poles and as well as Bulgarians, Romanians and other Eastern Europeans who are causing a "nuisance".[167][168] The website prompted the Polish embassy in the Netherlands to request the website to be shut down[169] while the Romanian embassy called it "discriminatory".[168] Several politicians denounced the website, although prime minister Mark Rutte did not comment.[170] Shortly after the website launch, a number of Poles in the Netherlands reported being targeted by vandalism or insulted for speaking Polish in public.[171]

In March 2014 and during a party meeting in The Hague on the evening of local elections, he sparked widespread controversy when he asked his attending supporters "Do you want, in this city, and in the Netherlands, more or fewer Moroccans?", after which they chanted "Fewer! Fewer!". Wilders' response was "Then we'll fix it!". This action led several PVV representatives to resign, among whom two of the party's members of Parliament (Roland van Vliet and Joram van Klaveren), the party's leader in the European Parliament (Laurence Stassen), and a number of its provincial legislators and municipal councillors.[172] Many politicians denounced what happened. In response, a number of young Moroccans launched a social media campaign called 'Born here', in which they posted pictures of themselves alongside their Dutch passports.[173]

In May 2014, Dutch Foreign Minister Timmermans condemned Wilders' anti-Islam sticker, saying that "The Netherlands cannot be held responsible for the adolescent behavior of a single parliamentarian."[174] Timmermans said that Saudi Arabia is "deeply offended by the sticker action."[175]

International

 
Speaking at CPAC Hungary 2024

Wilders was extensively discussed in leaked American diplomatic cables. In a briefing to president Barack Obama, he was described as "no friend of the US: he opposes Dutch military involvement in Afghanistan; he believes development assistance is money wasted; he opposes NATO missions outside 'allied' territory; he is against most EU initiatives; and, most troubling, he foments fear and hatred of immigrants."[176]

In July 2011, Anders Behring Breivik, the man who carried out the 2011 Norway attacks, expressed admiration for Geert Wilders and the Party for Freedom. Wilders immediately distanced himself strongly from Breivik.[177]

In 2012, Polish presenter Szymon Majewski satirically impersonated and poked fun at Wilders on Polish television, in response to the "Polish hotline" controversy.[178][179]

On 28 July 2015, Vienna's prosecutors' office launched a probe and lodged calls for criminal proceedings against Geert Wilders for allegedly comparing the Quran to Mein Kampf, after Tarafa Baghajati had accused him of hate speech and denigrating religious teachings.[180]

In October 2020, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan sued Wilders after he posted a series of tweets against Erdoğan and urged NATO to take Turkey out of the bloc.[181] Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte said that a legal case "against a Dutch politician that could possibly even lead to a curtailment of freedom of expression is not acceptable."[182]

Personal life

According to a profile in Elsevier Weekblad Wilders was in a short-lived marriage at the age of 20.[183] He has since been married to Krisztina Wilders (née Márfai), a former diplomat from Hungary of Jewish origin, since July 1992.[184] Wilders is an agnostic,[185] but he has stated that he thinks Christians "are my allies" and that they fundamentally should want the same thing.[37][186]

 
Krisztina and Geert Wilders on Prinsjesdag in 2014

In June 2011, disclosure of Wilder's personal finances indicated that he founded a self-administered company one year earlier without reporting this via the public records of the House of Representatives, which he, as a parliamentarian, should have done. The company is known as OnLiberty BV and is aimed at acquiring intellectual and property rights.[187] Wilders later explained he had acted this way for security reasons and that the company had no connection to the PVV. OnLiberty BV has since been formally registered in Breda.[188]

Outside of politics, Wilders has revealed that he enjoys reading Donald Duck comics and playing Mario Kart on PlayStation.[a][189][190] He is also a fan of British singer Amy Winehouse.[191]

Wilders has been bleaching and dyeing his hair to peroxide-platinum blond[192] since at least the mid-1990s having previously got his hair cut at a barber shop near Utrecht Central Station until this was stopped due to security concerns. As a result of hair graying, Wilders' dark roots show less.[193] Wilders has acquired nicknames such as "Mozart" and "Captain Peroxide" because of his flamboyant platinum blond hairstyle.[41] Radio Netherlands calls him "the most famous bleach-blond since Marilyn Monroe".[194]

Protection

On 10 November 2004, two suspected attackers were captured after an hour-long siege of a building in The Hague. They were in possession of three grenades and were accused of planning to murder Wilders as well as a fellow MP, Ayaan Hirsi Ali.[195] The suspects were presumed to be members of what the Dutch intelligence agency, the General Intelligence and Security Service, has termed the Hofstad Network (Hofstadgroep). Since this incident Wilders has been under constant security protection because of frequent threats to his life.[196] In September 2007, a Dutch woman was sentenced to a one-year prison term for sending more than 100 threatening emails to Wilders.[197] In 2009, a rapper from Rotterdam was sentenced to 80 hours community service and a two-month suspended jail term for threatening Wilders in a rap song.[198] Wilders was listed as the most threatened politician in the Netherlands in 2008.[199]

Wilders was reported to have been "deprived... of a personal life for his... hatred of Islam".[7] He is constantly accompanied by a permanent security detail of about six plainclothes police officers, and does not receive visitors unless they are cleared in advance, thoroughly searched, and escorted at all times. He lives in a state-provided safe house which is outfitted to be bulletproof, is heavily guarded by police, and has a panic room. He is driven from his home to his offices in parliament in an armored police vehicle, and wears a bulletproof vest.[200][201] His office is located in the most isolated corner of the Dutch Parliament building, and was chosen because potential terrorists can get to it through only one corridor, making it easier for his bodyguards to repel an attack.[202] The restrictions on his life, he said, are "a situation that I wouldn't wish on my worst enemy".[37]

In January 2010, Karen Geurtsen, a Dutch journalist from the magazine HP-De Tijd, revealed a painful breach of security. She spent four months working undercover, posing as an intern, for the PVV party. She claimed that she had had unchecked access to Wilders. "I could have killed him", were the first words of the article that she published about this operation. According to her, she had "dozens" of opportunities to take his life.[203] In July 2010, after Wilders complained that his security was inadequate, the Special Security Assignments Brigade, a special unit of Dutch military police, made four attempts to smuggle a firearm into the heavily guarded offices of Wilders' Freedom Party, two of which were successful. Following these breaches, security at the offices was increased.[204][205]

Death threats

In September 2010, in an internet chat room, Australian Islamic fundamentalist preacher Feiz Mohammad urged his followers to behead Wilders. His rationale was his accusation that Wilders had "denigrat[ed]" Islam, and that anyone who "mocks, laughs or degrades Islam" as Wilders had must be killed "by chopping off his head."[206][207][208] The Dutch newspaper De Telegraaf released an excerpt of the talk, after Dutch intelligence officials received a tip about the threat.[209][210] After the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, Wilders wrote:

I am threatened for the simple reason that I am an Islam critic. But, make no mistake, I am not the only one who is in danger. The Tsarnaev brothers drew inspiration from Feiz Mohammed's internet rants and decided to kill innocent onlookers at a marathon. Everyone is in danger.[211]

In July 2010[212][213] Anwar al-Awlaki published a "death list" in his Inspire magazine, including Wilders, Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Salman Rushdie along with cartoonists Lars Vilks and three Jyllands-Posten staff members: Kurt Westergaard, Carsten Juste, and Flemming Rose.[214][215][216] Shortly before this publication, it was revealed in The Hague that Dutch law enforcement officers succeeded twice in smuggling a firearm into the parliament buildings and into the guarded headquarters of Wilders' party. This check was carried out by the Special Security Assignments Brigade BSB, a special unit of the Dutch Military Police. The test was carried out following a complaint from Wilders about his security being inadequate.[217][218]

Pakistani male Junaid I. was arrested in the Den Haag Centraal railway station after having posted a video with threats against Wilders on Facebook the previous day. He had been enraged about a Muhammad cartoon contest announced by Wilders. In 2019, Junaid I was sentenced to ten years in prison as an attack on a parliamentarian constitutes an attack on Dutch rule of law, the convict had showed an interest in violent extremism and the great risk of recurrence. In February 2021, the appeals court came to the same verdict and sentence.[219]

Wilders said he had received hundreds of death threats after he supported Indian politician Nupur Sharma's comments on Muhammad that caused controversy.[220][221] He remained defiant, claiming to stand for freedom.[222] After the murder of a Hindu tailor by two Muslim men, he cautioned the people of India against 'appeasement of Islam'.[223]

Trials

Main article: Trial of Geert Wilders

Several groups and persons in the Netherlands have called for legal action against Wilders, while others, including Christian fundamentalists, defended his right to free speech.[104] On 15 August 2007, a representative of the Prosecutors' Office in Amsterdam declared that dozens of reports against Wilders had been filed, and that they were all being considered.[224] Attempts to prosecute Wilders under Dutch anti-hate speech laws in June 2008 failed, with the public prosecutor's office stating that Wilders' comments contributed to the debate on Islam in Dutch society and also had been made outside parliament. The office released a statement reading: "That comments are hurtful and offensive for a large number of Muslims does not mean that they are punishable. Freedom of expression fulfils an essential role in public debate in a democratic society. That means that offensive comments can be made in a political debate."[104][225][226]

On 21 January 2009, a three-judge court ordered prosecutors to try him.[226][227]

The Middle East Forum established a Legal Defence Fund for Wilders's defence.[228] The New York Times ran an op-ed criticizing his views and arguing that "for a man who calls for a ban on the Koran to act as the champion of free speech is a bit rich", concluding, however that the lawsuit against Wilders might not be "a good thing for democracy", because it made him "look more important than he should be."[164]

A survey by Angus Reid Global Monitor found that public opinion is deeply split on the prosecution, with 50% supporting Wilders and 43% opposed.[225] However, as of 2009, public support for the Party for Freedom had greatly increased since Wilders' legal troubles began, with the Party for Freedom virtually tied with the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy to be the third most popular party.[151][229] According to Radio Netherlands, "Dutch politicians themselves seem to be keeping quiet on the issue; they are probably worried that media attention will only serve to make the controversial politician more popular".[145]

In late October 2010, the Dutch court approved a request from Geert Wilders to have new judges appointed forcing the court to retry the case.[230] On 7 February 2011, Wilders returned to the court room in order that his legal team could present evidence from Islamic experts which the court rejected in 2010, including Mohammed Bouyeri, who murdered film-maker Theo van Gogh, and Dutch academic Hans Jansen.[231]

On 23 June 2011, Wilders was acquitted of all charges. A Dutch court said that his speech was legitimate political debate, but on the edge.[232] Because both the public prosecutor and the defence requested complete acquittal, the verdict will most likely not be appealed.[233][234]

2016 trial

On 18 March 2016, a second trial against Wilders began, this time on the accusation of inciting "discrimination and hatred" against Moroccans living in the Netherlands.[235] On 17 November 2016, the Dutch Public Prosecution Service demanded a fine against him of €5,000 (£4,300).[236] On 9 December 2016, he was convicted in a hate speech trial but no penalty was imposed.[18] That verdict was overturned in 2020 when a higher court found that while Wilders's remarks were insulting to an ethnic minority, they were found to be in the service of receiving political gains rather than inspiring discrimination.[28]

International initiatives

 
Wilders speaking at a Lega Nord congress in Italy

Wilders is regarded as part of the international counter-jihad movement,[237] and as "the most successful counter-jihadist politician in the world".[238] He is described as the "main counter-jihad standard bearer across Europe ... feted by campaigning organisations in North America".[238]

In the spring of 2009, Wilders launched the "Facing Jihad World Tour", a series of screenings of Fitna to public officials and influential organizations, starting in Rome.[239] In the US, Wilders showed the film to the United States Congress in February, having been invited by Arizona Republican Senator Jon Kyl.[240] Around 40 people attended the screening.[51] American Muslims protested, but said they supported his right of free speech while still condemning his opinions.[240] Wilders appeared before the National Press Club and the Republican Jewish Coalition as well.[241][better source needed] Similar attempts in Britain led to a travel ban.[19]

In July 2010, Wilders announced the International Freedom Alliance, a network of groups and individuals who "are fighting for freedom against Islam".[242][243][244] Wilders planned IFA branches in the United States, Canada, Britain, France and Germany by late 2010. "The message, 'stop Islam, defend freedom', is a message that's not only important for the Netherlands but for the whole free Western world", Wilders stated to reporters at the Dutch Parliament. Wilders stressed the group would not contain far-right extremists.[245]

United States

In August 2010, Wilders, who had become a regular guest with American conservatives and libertarians, announced that he would speak at a rally on 11 September in New York to protest the plans for Park51, a Muslim community center with a prayer space to be built near the World Trade Center site. The rally, to be held on the ten-year anniversary of the 11 September 2001 attacks, was organised by Stop Islamization of America, which was supported by former House speaker Newt Gingrich, who was originally announced as a speaker at the event, but never confirmed and cancelled a video appearance.[246] According to SIOA's website world leaders, prominent politicians and 9/11 family members would speak at the rally, but Wilders was not mentioned by name,[247][248] though he did attend as he had announced.[249]

In political circles in The Netherlands, the announcement caused widespread irritation about his plan.[250] Christian Democrat senator Hans Hillen remarked that Wilders' words could endanger Dutch interests.[251] Former NATO general secretary Jaap de Hoop Scheffer advised Wilders not to make a speech, arguing that the international public does not know who is in the Dutch cabinet and who is in parliament and thus Wilders' speech could be mistaken as an official statement of the Dutch government. Later, Christian Democrat party leader and acting Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs Maxime Verhagen issued a warning.[252][253]

Also, the Dutch Foreign Ministry allegedly would have issued guidelines to its embassies on how to react to questions about the role being played by the PVV and Wilders in the formation of a new government. On 10 August 2010, the website of Dutch daily newspaper NRC Handelsblad published the ministry memo. The ministry itself however had declined "to confirm or deny" the authenticity of these guidelines. One question posed is how Wilders could be taking part in negotiations on forming a government coalition when he has been indicted for inciting hatred and discrimination, and for insulting a group of persons. Other questions covered possible bans on the building of new mosques, on the Quran and on Islamic schools in the Netherlands. The memo stressed that such bans would breach the Dutch constitution.[254]

On 11 September 2010, 2,000 people gathered close by the site of a planned Muslim community center near the site of the World Trade Center attacks, on 11 September 2001, where they were addressed by Wilders who flew from The Netherlands to urge the crowd: "This is where we have (to) draw the line. We must never give a free hand to those who want to subjugate us," Wilders added. "Draw this line so that New York... will never become New Mecca."[255]

Wilders spoke on Thursday, 12 May 2011, at Cornerstone Church in Madison, Tennessee, at the Tennessee Freedom Coalition inaugural Signature Series event.[256]

In May 2015, Geert Wilders was invited to an art exhibit presented by Stop Islamization of America in Garland, Texas, that offered a $10,000 prize for the best drawing of Muhammad. Towards the end of the event, two gunmen opened fire outside, injuring a police officer before being shot dead by other police officers guarding the center.[257][258][259][260]

Wilders, at the invitation of Tennessee state senator Bill Ketron, attended the 2016 Republican National Convention in Cleveland, Ohio in July 2016 where Donald Trump was chosen as the presidential candidate of the Republican Party, with Governor Mike Pence as running mate. He gave a speech at a party for gay Republicans ("LBGTrump").[261]

Australia

In 2012, Wilders was invited by the Q Society of Australia to visit Australia. In August 2012 he applied for a visa to give two speeches in October 2012. His staff and police protection officers were granted visas within three days, but Wilders was not.[262] On 2 October 2012 Immigration Minister Chris Bowen, while stating that Wilders' views were offensive, stated that he would not block the visa application. Bowen stated:

I have decided not to intervene to deny him a visa because I believe that our democracy is strong enough, our multiculturalism robust enough and our commitment to freedom of speech entrenched enough that our society can withstand the visit of a fringe commentator from the other side of the world.[263]

On the same day, the Q Society put out a press release criticizing the delays in issuing a visa, saying that Chris Bowen's announcement was "too little, too late" and announcing that Wilders' visit would be pushed back to February 2013 as there were still no visa documents available.[264]

Germany

In March 2010, Wilders was told he is "not welcome" in the western German tourist resort of Monschau in the Eifel area, after he spent a weekend there, along with armed bodyguards. Mayor Margareta Ritter (CDU) said she was concerned that his presence tainted her town with the suspicion that it was sympathetic to his views. As a result, Monschau was said to have been unfairly connected with "extremism" in the European press.

Anyone who pollutes the integration debate in the Netherlands with poisonous right-wing populism as Wilders has, and advocates prohibition of the Koran by a comparison with Hitler's Mein Kampf, is not welcome in Monschau. I wanted to distinguish Monschau from that.

Ritter did not say whether Wilders was enjoying a short vacation in her town or had been meeting with like-minded people.[15][16][265][266][267] A demonstration to support Wilders was announced to take place in Berlin on 17 April.[268]

The same year local Berlin politician for the CDU René Stadtkewitz was expelled from the CDU after he invited Wilders to Germany to hold a speech.[269] In October 2010, Wilders supported the founding of Stadtkewitz's new German Freedom Party. In April 2015, Wilders held a speech for Pegida in Dresden.[270]

United Kingdom

Ban on entering

Lord Pearson of Rannoch and Baroness Cox, members of the House of Lords (the upper chamber of the British Parliament), invited Wilders to a show of 12 February 2009 viewing of Fitna in the Palace of Westminster.[271] Two days before the showing, Home Secretary Jacqui Smith banned Wilders from entering the United Kingdom, labeling him an "undesirable person".[272] Entry was denied under EU law, and reportedly supported under regulation 19 of the Immigration (European Economic Area) Regulations 2006, an EU law which allows a member state to refuse entry to individuals if they are regarded as constituting a threat to public policy, security or health.[273] A Home Office spokesperson elaborated that "The Government opposes extremism in all its forms ... and that was the driving force behind tighter rules on exclusions for unacceptable behaviour that the Home Secretary announced in October last year".[274]

Wilders defied the ban and took a British Midland Airways flight from Amsterdam to London Heathrow Airport on 12 February, accompanied by television crews. Upon arrival, he was quickly detained by UK Border Agency officials, and deported on one of the next flights to the Netherlands.[275][276] He called Prime Minister Gordon Brown "the biggest coward in Europe" and remarked, "Of course I will come back".[277] Wilders had visited the United Kingdom in December 2008 without any problem.[278] In response to the ban, both Pearson and Cox accused the government of "appeasing" militant Islam.[271]

The International Herald Tribune stated that the ban was broadly condemned in the British news media.[277] The Dutch Foreign Secretary, Maxime Verhagen, called the decision "highly regrettable" and complained to his British counterpart.[279] Dutch Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende complained to Gordon Brown about the "disappointing" decision.[280] The Quilliam Foundation, a British think tank, criticised the ban,[165] as did National Secular Society president Terry Sanderson.[278] The Muslim Labour peer Lord Ahmed expressed support for Smith's ban on Wilders entering the country;[165] the Ramadhan Foundation and the Muslim Council of Britain also did so, the council labeling Wilders "an open and relentless preacher of hate".[278]

Ban overturn

After being declared persona non grata by Jacqui Smith, then the Home Secretary, in February 2009, Wilders appealed the decision to Britain's Asylum and Immigration Tribunal.[281] In October 2009, the tribunal overturned the ban.[282][283][284] Wilders subsequently praised the ruling as "a triumph for freedom of speech" and stated that he planned to visit the United Kingdom in the near future.[282][285]

The ruling was criticized by the British Home Office, which stated that an appeal of the tribunal's ruling is being considered. A spokesman stated:

The Government opposes extremism in all its forms. The decision to refuse Wilders admission was taken on the basis that his presence could have inflamed tensions between our communities and have led to inter-faith violence. We still maintain this view.[282][285]

Visits

On 16 October 2009, Wilders arrived in the United Kingdom and was quickly forced to move his press conference due to protests by about forty members of the organization Islam4UK, an organization that was later shut down under the UK's Terrorism Act 2000 on 14 January 2010. Although the Home Office had asserted that his entry into the country would not be blocked, a spokesman said his "statements and behaviour during a visit will inevitably impact on any future decisions to admit him".[286][287] His visit to the UK met with protest,[288] but Wilders called it "a victory" in a press conference.[283] On his outspoken views on Islam, he said: "I have a problem with the Islamic ideology, the Islamic culture, because I feel that the more Islam that we get in our societies the less freedom we get." He opened the press conference with a quote from George Orwell's preface to Animal Farm: "If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they don't want to hear". Lord Pearson, who had invited him, said his arrival was

a celebration of the victory of freedom of speech over those who would prevent it in this country, particularly the Islamists, the violent Jihadists who are on the march across the world and in the UK.[288]

In January 2010, Wilders was invited again to show his anti-Quran movie Fitna in the British House of Lords by UK Independence Party (UKIP) Lord Pearson, and cross-bencher Baroness Cox. Wilders accepted the invitation and was present for a showing of the movie in the House of Lords on 5 March. In his speech he quoted ominous words from Winston Churchill's book The River War from 1899:

Mohammedanism is a militant and proselytizing faith. No stronger retrograde force exists in the World. It has already spread throughout Central Africa, raising fearless warriors at every step ... the civilization of modern Europe might fall, as fell the civilization of ancient Rome.[289][290][291]

At the ensuing press conferences, he called the Islamic prophet Muhammad a "barbarian, a mass murderer, and a pedophile" and referred to Islam as a "fascist ideology" that was "violent, dangerous, and retarded". Wilders also reportedly called Turkish Prime Minister Erdoğan a "total freak".[292] Dutch Prime Minister Jan-Peter Balkenende called these comments "irresponsible",[293] and Maxime Verhagen, Dutch caretaker Minister of Foreign Affairs, publicly condemned Wilders's remarks and behaviour:

He incites discord among people in a distasteful manner. And in the meantime he damages the interests of the Dutch population and the reputation of the Netherlands in the world.[294][295][296]

Bernard Wientjes, the president of the Dutch employers' organization Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers (VNO-NCW), also accused Wilders of "seriously" damaging Dutch interests abroad. He called it outrageous that Wilders had presented himself in London as "the next Dutch prime minister" and then derided Turkish Prime Minister Erdoğan. Emphasizing that three-quarters of the Dutch GDP comes from revenue earned abroad, according to Wientjes, Wilders poses "a serious threat to the Netherlands and the Dutch economy".[297][298]

Historical evaluation in the Netherlands

In the Netherlands, Wilders and his movement have been discussed in historical and psychological perspectives. Dutch philosopher Rob Riemen [nl] characterised Wilders and his movement in 2010 as "the prototype of contemporary fascism" after having defined fascism itself as "the politisation of the resentment of the man in the crowd", in line with previous definitions by Menno ter Braak, Albert Camus and Thomas Mann.[299] Historian Robin te Slaa of NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies disagreed and concluded in 2012 that Wilders is no fascist in the historical sense. Wilders and his party do not formally subscribe to classical fascist tenets such as biological racism, social darwinism, an autocratic state, rejection of democracy and of individualism, a cult of autocratic one-man leadership and a Third Way economic policy, in between capitalism and Marxism. Instead, Wilders is seen as a libertarian proponent of laissez-faire economic policy, personal autonomy, women's equality and the emancipation of homosexual people.[300] However, te Slaa noted the extreme right-wing populism, the proposed discrimination of Muslims, the Islamophobia and the rejection of the legal state by Wilders. He cited Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte's characterisation of Wilders as a "political pyromaniac" because of the absence of practical solutions in Wilders' disputed Islamophobic proposals.[300]

Electoral history

Electoral history of Geert Wilders
Year Body Party Pos. Votes Result Ref.
Party seats Individual
1998 House of Representatives VVD 45 274 38 Lost [301]
2002 House of Representatives VVD 30 2,522 24 Lost [302]
2003 House of Representatives VVD 14 4,763 28 Won [303]
2006 House of Representatives PVV 1 566,197 9 Won [304]
2010 House of Representatives PVV 1 1,376,938 24 Won [305]
2012 House of Representatives PVV 1 886,314 15 Won [306]
2017 House of Representatives PVV 1 1,258,989 20 Won [307]
2021 House of Representatives PVV 1 1,004,605 17 Won [308]
2023 House of Representatives PVV 1 2,230,371 37 Won [309]

Bibliography

Works authored by Wilders

In Dutch
  • (2005) Kies voor vrijheid: een eerlijk antwoord. Groep Wilders. (Translated title: Choose freedom: an honest answer), OCLC 66505104
  • (2010) Dossier Wilders, Uitspraken van de meest besproken Nederlandse politicus van deze eeuw. House of knowledge. (Translated title: The Wilders file, Statements by the most discussed Dutch politician of this century), ISBN 978-90-8510-920-4, OCLC 642690188
In English
  • (2012) Marked for Death: Islam's War Against the West and Me. Washington DC, Regnery. ISBN 978-1-59698-796-8, OCLC 787506734

Secondary literature

In Dutch
  • Fennema, Meindert: Geert Wilders. De tovenaarsleerling. Amsterdam, Prometheus, 2016. (Geert Wilders. The sorcerer's apprentice) ISBN 978-90-351-3534-5, OCLC 961357607
  • Riemen, Rob: De eeuwige terugkeer van het fascisme. Atlas, Amsterdam, 2010. (The eternal return of fascism) ISBN 978-90-450-1856-0, OCLC 682172480
  • te Slaa, Robin: Is Wilders een fascist? Amsterdam, Boom, 2012. (Is Wilders a fascist?) ISBN 978-94-6105-207-0, OCLC 799144676

Awards and recognition

See also

Notes

  1. ^ No games from the Mario Kart franchise have ever released for any PlayStation console.

References

  • (in Dutch) Parlement.com biography
  1. ^ Castle, Stephen (5 August 2010). "Dutch Opponent of Muslims Gains Ground". The New York Times. Netherlands. from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
  2. ^ Mock, Vanessa (11 June 2010). . The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2010.
  3. ^ a b . The Washington Post. Associated Press. 20 April 2012. Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Traynor, Ian (17 February 2008). "'I don't hate Muslims. I hate Islam,' says Holland's rising political star". The Guardian. London. from the original on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
  5. ^ "Putin's propagandists cheer Geert Wilders' Dutch election win". POLITICO. 23 November 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  6. ^ Wilders kan zich vrijheid nauwelijks herinneren 3 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine NOS, 4 May 2015;
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Traufetter, Gerald (27 March 2008). "A Missionary with Dark Visions". Der Spiegel. from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
  8. ^ a b Surge for Dutch anti-Islam Freedom Party 24 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 10 June 2010.
  9. ^ "Nancy Graham Holm: Three Questions to Ask Geert Wilders about Anti-Islam Hate Speech". Huffington Post. USA. 22 April 2011. from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
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January 01, 1970
geert, wilders, dutch, ˈɣeːrt, ˈʋɪldərs, born, september, 1963, dutch, politician, party, freedom, since, founded, 2006, also, party, leader, house, representatives, having, held, parliamentary, seat, since, 1998, 2010, formation, first, rutte, cabinet, minori. Geert Wilders Dutch ˈɣeːrt ˈʋɪlders born 6 September 1963 is a Dutch politician who has led the Party for Freedom PVV since he founded it in 2006 1 2 He is also the party s leader in the House of Representatives having held a parliamentary seat since 1998 In the 2010 formation of the first Rutte cabinet a minority government of the People s Party for Freedom and Democracy VVD which he left in 2004 and Christian Democratic Appeal CDA Wilders actively participated in the negotiations resulting in a tolerance agreement between the PVV and these parties He withdrew his party s parliamentary support in 2012 citing disagreements with the cabinet over proposed budget cuts 3 Wilders is best known for his right wing populism anti immigration opposition to Islam and Euroscepticism 4 and for his relations with Russia 5 His views have made him a controversial figure in the Netherlands and abroad Since 2004 he has been protected at all times by armed police 6 Geert WildersWilders in 2014Leader of the Party for FreedomIncumbentAssumed office 22 February 2006Preceded byPosition establishedLeader of the Party for Freedom in the House of RepresentativesIncumbentAssumed office 23 November 2006Preceded byPosition establishedMember of the House of RepresentativesIncumbentAssumed office 26 July 2002In office 25 August 1998 23 May 2002Personal detailsBorn 1963 09 06 6 September 1963 age 60 Venlo NetherlandsPolitical partyPVV 2006 present Other politicalaffiliationsVVD 1989 2004 Independent 2004 2006 SpouseKrisztina Marfai m 1992 wbr ResidenceThe HagueAlma materOpen University of the NetherlandsWebsitegeertwilders wbr nl Raised a Roman Catholic Wilders left the church at his coming of age His travels to Israel and the Arab world as a young adult significantly helped form his political views 7 Wilders worked as a speechwriter for the conservative liberal VVD he later served as parliamentary assistant to party leader Frits Bolkestein from 1990 to 1998 He entered the municipal council of Utrecht in 1997 The following year he entered the House of Representatives Citing irreconcilable differences over the party s position on the accession of Turkey to the European Union he left the VVD in 2004 to form his own party the Party for Freedom Wilders has campaigned to stop what he views as the Islamisation of the Netherlands He has compared the Quran to Mein Kampf and has campaigned to have the book banned in the Netherlands 8 9 He advocates ending immigration from Muslim countries 8 10 and banning the construction of new mosques 11 Wilders was a speaker at the Facing Jihad Conference in Israel in 2008 which discussed the dangers of jihad and has called for a hard line against what he called street terror exerted by minorities in Dutch cities 12 His controversial 2008 film featuring his views on Islam Fitna received international attention and extreme criticism His party was also sued because content was used in his film without permission 13 He has been described in the media as populist 14 15 16 and labeled far right 17 18 19 He was also described by the media as an Islamophobe 20 21 Wilders rejects being labeled as far right and views himself as a right wing liberal while saying he does not want to be linked with the wrong rightist fascist groups 22 More recently Wilders has worked together with Marine Le Pen of the French National Front as well as Austria s Freedom Party Italy s Lega Nord and Belgium s Vlaams Belang 23 24 25 26 On 4 September 2020 the Dutch court convicted Wilders for group insults 27 28 29 Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Political career 3 Political positions 3 1 Domestic principles 3 2 Views on Islam 3 2 1 Fitna 3 3 Views on the European Union 3 4 Views on Israel and Palestine 3 5 Views on Russia and Ukraine 3 6 Views on LGBT community 3 7 Other positions 4 Public reception 4 1 Image 4 2 Domestic recognition 4 3 Criticism 4 4 International 5 Personal life 5 1 Protection 5 2 Death threats 5 3 Trials 5 3 1 2016 trial 6 International initiatives 6 1 United States 6 2 Australia 6 3 Germany 6 4 United Kingdom 7 Historical evaluation in the Netherlands 8 Electoral history 9 Bibliography 9 1 Works authored by Wilders 9 2 Secondary literature 10 Awards and recognition 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 14 External linksEarly life and career nbsp Wilders started off his political development under his mentor Frits Bolkestein Wilders was born on 6 September 1963 in the city of Venlo in the province of Limburg He is the son of Johannes Henricus Andreas Wilders and Anne Maria Ording Wilders 30 31 He is the youngest of four children 32 and was raised Catholic His father was Dutch his mother Maria Anne Ourding was born at Sukabumi 33 the Dutch East Indies now Indonesia 34 35 with a mixed Dutch and Indonesian background 36 37 His father worked as a manager for the printing and copying manufacturing company Oce 38 and had hidden from the Germans during the Second World War an experience so traumatizing that he refused to physically enter Germany even forty years later 7 Wilders received his secondary education at the Mavo and Havo middle school and high school in Venlo Reflecting passions that came to the fore later in his career Wilders took a course in health insurance at the Stichting Opleiding Sociale Verzekeringen in Amsterdam and earned several law certificates at the Dutch Open University citation needed Wilders goal after he graduated from secondary school was to see the world Because he did not have enough money to travel to Australia his preferred destination he went to Israel instead 7 and volunteered for a year in a moshav Tomer on the West Bank 39 With the money he saved he travelled to the neighbouring Arab countries and was moved by the lack of democracy in the region When he returned to the Netherlands he retained Israeli ideas about counter terrorism and a special feeling of solidarity for the country 40 Living in Utrecht Wilders initially worked in the health insurance industry His interest in the subject led him into politics as a speech writer for the Netherlands People s Party for Freedom and Democracy 7 41 He started his formal political career as a parliamentary assistant to the party leader Frits Bolkestein specialising in foreign policy He held this job from 1990 to 1998 During this time Wilders travelled extensively 42 visiting countries all across the Middle East including Iran Syria Jordan Egypt and Israel Bolkestein was the first Dutch politician to address the consequences of mass immigration for Dutch society including a sharp criticism of Muslim immigrants He set an example for Wilders not only in his ideas but also in his confrontational speaking style 7 42 Political analyst Anno Bunnik later described Wilders as a sorcerer s apprentice to Bolkestein 43 Political careerIn 1997 Wilders was elected for the People s Party for Freedom and Democracy VVD to the municipal council of Utrecht the fourth largest city of the Netherlands 41 42 He lived in Kanaleneiland a suburb with cheap social housing and high apartment blocks which has a relatively high number of immigrants While a city councilor Wilders was mugged in his own neighbourhood some have speculated that this may have catalysed his political transformation 7 He was not rewarded for his time on the municipal council of Utrecht for in the following elections he would score well below the national average in the University city 44 nbsp Wilders left during the final debate of the 2006 election A year later he was elected to the Netherlands national parliament 41 but his first four years in parliament drew little attention 42 However his appointment in 2002 as a public spokesman for the VVD led Wilders to become more well known for his outspoken criticism of Islamic extremism Tensions immediately developed within the party as Wilders found himself to be to the right of most members and challenged the party line in his public statements 32 He was expelled from the VVD parliamentary party and in September 2004 Wilders left the VVD having been a member since 1989 to form his own political party Groep Wilders later renamed the Party for Freedom 45 The crunch issue with the VVD party line was about his refusal to endorse the party s position that European Union accession negotiations must be started with Turkey 42 The Party for Freedom s political platform often overlaps those of the assassinated Rotterdam politician Pim Fortuyn and his Pim Fortuyn List 41 After his death Fortuyn s impact remained as more and more politicians sought to gain political mileage by directly confronting topics such as a ban on immigration that were from a politically correct point of view considered unmentionable in the Netherlands until Fortuyn came on the scene and upended the Dutch tradition of consensus politics with an anti immigration stance Wilders would position himself to inherit Fortuyn s constituency 46 The Party for Freedom called for a 16 billion tax reduction a far stricter policy toward recreational drug use investing more in roads and other infrastructure building nuclear power plants and including animal rights in the Dutch constitution 47 In the 2006 Dutch parliamentary election their first parliamentary election the Party for Freedom won 9 out of the 150 open seats 48 In March 2009 in a party meeting in Venlo Wilders said I want to be prime minister believing the PVV will eventually become the Netherlands biggest party At some point it s going to happen and then it will be a big honour to fulfil the post of prime minister 49 Polling conducted throughout March 2009 by Maurice de Hond indicated the Party for Freedom was the most popular parliamentary party The polls predicted that the party would take 21 of the national vote winning 32 out of 150 seats in the Dutch parliament 50 If the polling results were replicated in an election Wilders would be a major power broker Under such circumstances there would also be some likelihood of him becoming Prime Minister of the Netherlands 51 52 This has been partially attributed to timely prosecution attempts against him for hate speech and the travel ban imposed on him by the United Kingdom 53 as well as dissatisfaction with the Dutch government s response to the global financial crisis of 2008 2009 50 nbsp Wilders right with VVD and CDA leaders Mark Rutte and Maxime Verhagen following the 2010 election On 3 March 2010 elections for the local councils were held in the municipalities of The Netherlands The PVV only contested these local elections in the Dutch towns The Hague and Almere because of a shortage of good candidates The big gains that were scored indicated that the party and Wilders might dominate the political scene in the run up to the parliamentary elections scheduled on 9 June 2010 The PVV won in Almere and came second to the Dutch Labour party in The Hague In Almere the PVV won 21 percent of the vote to Labour s 18 percent preliminary results showed In The Hague the PVV had 8 seats second to Labour with 10 seats citation needed On 8 March 2010 Wilders announced that he would take a seat on the Hague city council after it became clear he won 13 000 preference votes Earlier he had said he would not take up a seat if he won 54 55 In the parliamentary elections on 9 June 2010 the PVV increased its number of seats from 9 to 24 out of 150 getting 15 5 of the vote This made the PVV the third party in size With a fragmented parliament at least three parties were required for an absolute majority A coalition of VVD and Christian Democratic Appeal CDA was negotiated with parliamentary support by the PVV The PVV did not become part of the government formed by VVD and CDA but actively participated in the negotiations and thus policy decisions and as part of the outcome agreed that they would not support any motion to dismiss ministers concerning topics listed in a so called support agreement much like the Danish model where the Danish People s Party had played a similar role 56 The very fact of the participation of Wilders party in these negotiations caused fierce discussions in political circles On 21 April 2012 Wilders withdrew his support from the Rutte cabinet because of new austerity measures that were about to be taken Commenting on his withdrawal Wilders blamed the European dictates pointing to the 3 rule on budget deficit for European countries although his party had supported these rules earlier on The cabinet blamed Wilders for what they call his lack of political will and political cowardice in regards to addressing the economic woes of the Netherlands 3 Wilders withdrawal from the negotiations led to new elections in September Wilders and the PVV ran on a campaign to have the Netherlands withdraw from the European Union and for a return to the guilder The PVV won 10 1 of the vote and 15 seats in parliament a loss of 9 seats 57 58 In the March 2014 local elections Wilders Party for Freedom only took part in two municipalities The Hague and Almere and suffered minor losses in both Nevertheless international news coverage of the elections was dominated by Wilders after he led his supporters in a provocative chant calling for fewer fewer Moroccans at an election night party rally 59 60 61 62 63 This eventually led to a new trial against him see Trials In the May 2014 elections for the European Parliament the Party for Freedom received 17 0 of the vote and four seats a slight gain compared to the 13 3 of the vote the party had received in the previous parliamentary elections In the run up to and aftermath of those European elections Wilders worked with the French Front National s Marine Le Pen to try to form a new parliamentary group in the European Parliament They first announced their collaboration during a joint press conference in November 2013 where Wilders vowed that today is the beginning of the liberation from the European elite the monster in Brussels 23 24 Wilders visited the Sweden Democrats party and spoke with the Austrian Freedom party s leader Heinz Christian Strache to help bring about the alliance even while rejecting Hungary s Jobbik and Germany s NPD because he wanted to exclude right wing extremist and racist parties 64 Three days after the elections finished Le Pen and Wilders presented another press conference this time with Matteo Salvini of Italy s Northern League Harald Vilimsky of Austria s Freedom Party and Gerolf Annemans of Belgium s Flemish Interest party to promise that the parliamentary group would be formed 25 Eventually however the effort failed because it could only unite parties from six EU member states 65 one fewer than is required by parliamentary rules This was in part due to a refusal to include the Greek Golden Dawn or Poland s Congress of the New Right and in part because parties like the Danish People s party and the True Finns refused to join 25 26 In the March 2015 provincial elections the Party for Freedom received 11 7 of the vote nationally slipping slightly from the 12 4 of the vote it had gotten in the 2011 provincial elections The PVV contested the 2017 general election with Wilders at its helm Although the PVV led other parties in opinion polls most of the time all major parties ruled out forming coalitions with the PVV effectively locking it out from any chance of taking part in let alone leading the next government 66 This raised the prospect of the PVV being locked out of power even if it won the most seats Wilders hinted that a revolution would occur if his party won the most seats and was still shut out of government 67 The PVV ended up achieving second place after winning 20 seats five more than in 2012 68 In the 2021 Dutch general election the PVV received 10 79 of the total votes cast This earned them 17 seats in the House of Representatives 69 Responding to reporters who asked what his reaction was to the election results Wilders attributed the loss of three seats to a recent lack of important events involving Islam and immigration 70 In January 2021 it was revealed by OpenSecrets that American Robert J Shillman paid nearly 214 000 in 2017 to help Wilders pay for his successful legal defence in an indictment for hate speech against Muslims in general and Moroccans in particular Wilders has included the points of views of this financier in his election manifesto 71 72 In the run up to the 2023 Dutch general election on 22 November 2023 migration was the dominant theme During the campaign the People s Party for Freedom and Democracy VVD did not rule out the possibility of forming a coalition with the PVV With this Wilders positioned the PVV previously perceived by a significant portion of the population as a right wing radical party as a centrist party with a clear stance on migration 73 In the week preceding the election day Wilders showed a more moderate side and expressed willingness to set aside incompatible PVV themes 74 The results of the 2023 Dutch general election were described as one of the biggest political upsets in Dutch politics since World War II 75 with the PVV becoming the largest party in the House of Representatives 75 On 13 March 2024 Wilders announced that he was withdrawing his bid to become prime minister citing a lack of support from potential coalition partners 76 The next day he described his withdrawal as unfair and constitutionally wrong 77 On 15 May 2024 it was announced that Wilders had reached a provisional agreement with three other Dutch party leaders to form a coalition government The coalition government will comprise of Wilders PVV party the VVD party led by Dilan Yesilgoz the New Social Contract party and the Farmer Citizen Movement party Wilders stated A new wind is blowing through the country The motto is hope courage and pride We can be proud of this country again The question of who will be the next Prime Minister of the Netherlands remains undecided with Wilders party nominating Ronald Plasterk for the role the New Social Contract party are reportedly hesitant to support the nomination 78 79 80 Political positionsWilders generally considers himself to be a right wing liberal with a specific mix of positions independent of the European political spectrum and peculiar to iconoclastic Dutch society He has stated My allies are not Le Pen or Haider We ll never join up with the fascists and Mussolinis of Italy I m very afraid of being linked with the wrong rightist fascist groups adding that his drive instead is such issues as freedom of expression and Dutch iconoclasm 4 Wilders views British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher as his greatest political role model 4 People s Party for Freedom and Democracy figure Frits Bolkestein also heavily influenced his beliefs 42 On foreign relations Wilders has largely supported Israel and has criticized countries he perceives as enemies of Israel 40 While best known for his anti Islam views Wilders had not yet developed these views as of 2001 when he spoke against Pim Fortuyn and said I have said from the beginning Islam there is nothing wrong with that it is a religion to be respected Most Muslims in the world but also in the Netherlands are good citizens and there is nothing wrong with that It s about that little bit of Muslim extremism 81 Domestic principles Wilders strongly opposes the Dutch political system in general He believes that there is a ruling elite of parliamentarians who only care about their own personal careers and disregard the will of the people He also blames the Dutch system of multiparty coalition governments for a lack of clear and effective policies 42 In his view Dutch society advocates rule by consensus and cultural relativism while he believes that this should change so as not to tolerate the intolerant 82 Wilders often mentions Henk and Ingrid in his speeches fictitious ordinary Dutch subjects for whom he claims to work 83 Henk and Ingrid represent the Average Joe in Dutch political parlance the heart and backbone of Dutch society 83 84 85 They have been compared to Joe the Plumber in Dutch media though Joe is a real person 84 Henk and Ingrid live in a Vinex neighbourhood have two school attending children and a median income both work outside the home They used to vote for the PvdA but now vote for the PVV 86 He has made some proposals in the Dutch Parliament inspired by Israeli policies for example he supports implementing Israeli style administrative detention in the Netherlands a practice heavily criticized by human rights groups but which Wilders calls common sense 82 Wilders has also revived the old idea of reuniting Flanders with the Netherlands 87 In a 2023 tweet and jibe against D66 Wilders wrote about the present Netherlands A country full of asylum profiteers woke crazies climate fools Arabs non binaries farmer haters and quinoa chewers 88 Klare Wijn Wilders published the version of his political manifesto called Klare Wijn Clear Wine in March 2006 The program proposed the implementation of ten key points Considerable reduction of taxes and state regulations Replacement of the present Article 1 of the Dutch constitution guaranteeing equality under the law by a clause stating the cultural dominance of the Christian Jewish and humanist traditions Reduction of the influence of the European Union which may no longer be expanded with new member states especially Turkey the European Parliament would be abolished Dutch financial contributions to the European Union would be reduced by billions of euros A five year moratorium on the immigration of non Western foreigners who intend to stay in the Netherlands foreign residents no longer would have the right to vote in municipal elections A five year moratorium on the founding of new mosques and Islamic schools and a permanent ban on preaching in any language other than Dutch foreign imams would not be allowed to preach radical mosques would be closed and radical Muslims would be expelled Restoration of educational standards with an emphasis on the educational value of the family Introduction of binding referendums and elected mayors chiefs of police and prime ministers Introduction of minimum criminal penalties and higher maximum penalties introduction of administrative detention for terror suspects street terrorism would be punished by boot camps and denaturalisation and deportation of immigrant offenders Restoration of respect and better compensation for teachers policemen health care workers and military personnel Instead of complicated reorganisation a more accessible and humane health care system especially for elderly citizens 89 90 Views on Islam Wilders is best known for his criticism of Islam summing up his views by saying I don t hate Muslims I hate Islam 4 His brother Paul claimed in an interview that in his private affairs Wilders has no problems with Muslims 91 Although identifying Islamic extremists as 5 15 of Muslims 82 he argues that there is no such thing as moderate Islam and that the Koran also states that Muslims who believe in only part of the Koran are in fact apostates 92 He suggests that Muslims should tear out half of the Koran if they wished to stay in the Netherlands because it contains terrible things and that Muhammad would in these days be hunted down as a terrorist 93 Wilders argues that Islam is not a religion but rather a totalitarian political ideology such as communism and fascism 94 On 8 August 2007 Wilders opined in an open letter 95 to the Dutch newspaper De Volkskrant that the Koran which he called a fascist book should be outlawed in the Netherlands like Adolf Hitler s Mein Kampf 96 He has stated that The book incites hatred and killing and therefore has no place in our legal order 97 He has also referred to Mohammed as the devil 39 In September 2009 Wilders proposed putting what he called a head rag tax on Hijab wearing by Muslim women he suggested that women could purchase a license for 1000 and that the money raised could be used in projects beneficial to women s emancipation 98 99 He believes that all Muslim immigration to the Netherlands should be halted and all settled immigrants should be paid to leave 4 Referring to the increased population of Muslims in the Netherlands he has said Take a walk down the street and see where this is going You no longer feel like you are living in your own country There is a battle going on and we have to defend ourselves Before you know it there will be more mosques than churches 100 In a speech before the Dutch Parliament he stated Islam is the Trojan Horse in Europe If we do not stop Islamification now Eurabia and Netherabia will just be a matter of time One century ago there were approximately 50 Muslims in the Netherlands Today there are about 1 million Muslims in this country Where will it end We are heading for the end of European and Dutch civilisation as we know it Where is our Prime Minister in all this In reply to my questions in the House he said without batting an eyelid that there is no question of our country being Islamified Now this reply constituted a historical error as soon as it was uttered Very many Dutch citizens Madam Speaker experience the presence of Islam around them And I can report that they have had enough of burkas headscarves the ritual slaughter of animals so called honour revenge blaring minarets female circumcision hymen restoration operations abuse of homosexuals Turkish and Arabic on the buses and trains as well as on town hall leaflets halal meat at grocery shops and department stores Sharia exams the Finance Minister s Sharia mortgages and the enormous overrepresentation of Muslims in the area of crime including Moroccan street terrorists 92 Nonetheless Wilders has traveled widely in the Arab world and Der Spiegel has stated that Wilders will wax poetic over those magnificent countries Wilders has also said that It s a real shame that these places are so chaotic 7 After the Dutch parliament turned down his request for an exhibition of cartoons depicting Muhammad be shown in parliament Wilders vowed to show cartoons depicting him on television during time reserved for political parties 101 After the November 2015 Paris attacks Wilders in an article in The New York Times argued for a national referendum in the Netherlands to decide about the refugee crisis 102 Fitna Main article Fitna film Fitna is a 2008 short film written and commissioned by Wilders that explores Koranic inspired motivations for terrorism Islamic universalism and Islam in the Netherlands Its title comes from the Arabic word fitna which means a test of faith in times of trial or refers to a situation where one s faith is tested 103 It was the subject of an international controversy and debate on free speech 104 and drew condemation from Arabs 105 Despite the legal troubles surrounding the film Wilders insists that before he released it he consulted numerous lawyers in the field who found nothing worth prosecution The kingdom of Jordan has summoned Wilders to court with the film deemed to incite hatred 106 Militant Sunni Islamist group Al Qaeda issued a call to murder Wilders after its release 19 Views on the European Union Wilders is eurosceptic In 2013 he along with Marine Le Pen teamed up in the European Parliament campaigning against the EU and the single currency with Wilders calling the EU the monster in Brussels He added We want to decide how we control our borders our money our economy our currency 107 In a publicity stunt in 2014 Wilders vandalised the Flag of Europe with scissors in front of the Parliament in Brussels 108 After the 2016 referendum in Britain Wilders praised the result for the Brits and noted that the Netherlands should do the same in a statement he said The Party for Freedom consequently demands a referendum on NExit a Dutch EU exit 109 Views on Israel and Palestine Wilders lived in Israel for two years during his youth and has visited the country 40 times in 25 years as of 2006 110 Wilders stated about Israel I have visited many interesting countries in the Middle East from Syria to Egypt from Tunisia to Turkey from Cyprus to Iran but nowhere did I have the special feeling of solidarity that I always get when I land at Ben Gurion International Airport 40 Dutch public TV channel Nederland 2 s daily news programme Netwerk reported that numerous American supporters of Israel financially supported Wilders Party for Freedom PVV and openly approved of his message towards Islam and Islamic terrorism 111 Wilders told an audience during the report that We in the West are all Israel 111 He has also said Israel is the West s first line of defence against what he perceives to be a threat posed by Islam 112 Following the 2010 Dutch general election in which the PVV was the third biggest party Wilders said Jordan should be renamed Palestine 113 The Jordanian government responded saying Wilders speech was reminiscent of the Israeli right wing His speech said Jordan is Palestine Changing its name to Palestine will end the conflict in the Middle East and provide the Palestinians with an alternate homeland He also said Israel deserves a special status in the Dutch government because it was fighting for Jerusalem in its name If Jerusalem falls into the hands of the Muslims Athens and Rome will be next Thus Jerusalem is the main front protecting the West It is not a conflict over territory but rather an ideological battle between the mentality of the liberated West and the ideology of Islamic barbarism There has been an independent Palestinian state since 1946 and it is the kingdom of Jordan He called on the Dutch government to refer to Jordan as Palestine and move its embassy to Jerusalem 114 In December 2010 Wilders urged Israel to build more Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank and subsequently annex the West Bank so that Israel could establish defensible borders He blamed Arab countries for the suffering of Palestinian refugees and called on Jordan to open its borders to Palestinians 115 The Dutch Intelligence Service AIVD investigated Wilders in 2009 2010 for his ties to Israel and their possible influence on his loyalty 116 Wilders condemned Hamas s October 2023 attack on Israel After the attacks he displayed an Israeli flag in his office alongside the Dutch one 117 118 During an election debate in October 2023 he criticized the Dutch government for not taking action against pro Palestinian and anti Israel protests 119 He once again reiterated his Jordan is Palestine comment 120 Views on Russia and Ukraine In 2016 Wilders described Vladimir Putin as a true patriot and an ally in the war against Islamic terrorism 121 122 123 In 2016 he opposed the Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine 121 In November 2017 Wilders said there was hysterical Russophobia in the Dutch government that he wanted to counter 124 However the PVV insisted on punishing the perpetrators of the downing of flight MH17 121 On 28 February 2018 four years after Russia s annexation of Crimea Wilders traveled to Moscow and met with senior Russian officials in the Duma His trip sparked sharp criticism among relatives of Dutch victims of the MH17 disaster who accused him of disregarding Moscow s involvement in the tragedy 125 126 127 128 On 27 February 2018 Wilders tweeted Russia Moscow Duma Stop the Russiaphobia It s time for Realpolitik Partnership instead of enmity 129 128 On 24 February 2022 the day the Russian invasion of Ukraine started Wilders tweeted Do not let Dutch households pay the price for a war that is not ours 130 Wilders and PVV backed an unsuccessful motion to declare Dutch neutrality in February 2022 and to end sanctions on Russia in June 2022 He linked sanctions against Russia with rising inflation and the energy crisis 121 In March 2022 Wilders tweeted I have sympathy for the Ukrainians but I have been elected by the 1 million Dutch people who have voted for me 131 121 He would temporarily accept a limited number of Ukrainian refugees and support European states accepting refugees from Ukraine 121 Later in 2022 Wilders and the PVV verbally condemned the Russian invasion although in 2023 Wilders argued against military aid to Ukraine 125 121 132 133 According to the PVV s electoral manifesto The Russian aggressor has unlawfully invaded Ukraine But we do not send our money and defence equipment such as F16s to Ukraine but keep it for our own Armed Forces 134 121 Documents leaked by Ukrainian hackers in October 2023 purported to show attempts by the Kremlin to cultivate connections with members of PVV 135 136 132 Views on LGBT community According to Wilders the LGBT community in Europe is threatened by mass immigration from the Muslim world 137 He said that We were always one of the top parties that were supported by the gay community We believe that like Christians and Jews and women and journalists gay people are also one of the first to pay the price of Islamization 138 However Wilders has criticized the promotion of woke indoctrination among young children describing it as a woke dictatorship Wilders asserts that the freedoms that homosexual people should ideally enjoy such as the freedom to express affection marry and have children are held back by Islam which opposes it and actively resists against it 139 He has stated that transsexuals should only be allowed to change gender with the approval of a doctor or psychiatrist 140 His party s manifesto talks about schoolchildren being indoctrinated with gender insanity 141 Other positions In the 1990s while at the VVD Wilders advocated for ethnic Hungarians claiming that Hungarians in Romania Slovakia Serbia and Ukraine were being oppressed 142 In 1996 the VVD distanced itself from the Hungary working group after questions were asked by Slovakian diplomats 143 Wilders supported Indian politician Nupur Sharma s comments on Muhammad that caused controversy He also supported the decision of India s Hindu nationalist led government to revoke the special status of Muslim majority Jammu and Kashmir He posted India is a full democracy Pakistan is a 100 per cent terror state So the choice is easy Welcome home Kashmir IndiaForKashmir 144 Regarding climate change Wilders has said We are not climate deniers We have a climate problem but we cannot solve it in the Netherlands If you close a coal fired power station in the Netherlands ten will be added in China in the same week 119 Public receptionImage Wilders has become a controversial figure 7 145 with polarized opinions 146 on him from the world news media Regarding his reputation in the Netherlands Wilders stated in 2009 Half of Holland loves me and half of Holland hates me There is no in between In 2005 the Dutch public expressed mixed reactions to Wilders general agenda with 53 calling it implausible and 47 more supportive 147 He has been described as populist 14 15 16 labelled as both extreme right 148 and far right 19 and defended by others as a mainstream politician with legitimate concerns 14 saying that such labels are shallow smear attempts Wilders himself rejects the labels and has called such descriptions scandalous 14 A 2023 profile by the BBC claimed Wilders to be a firebrand and a radical in public who fiercely rejects the far right label but affable in private and that he gets on well with many of his political opponents 149 Journalist and filmmaker Stephen Robert Morse who produced the documentary EuroTrump detailing Wilders campaign during the 2017 Dutch general election described Wilders as holding strong opinions but also as a likable and normal guy outside of politics 150 Wilders has been both accused of building his popularity on fear and resentment 151 152 and vociferously defended for having the courage to talk openly about the problems unfettered immigration brings with it and the incompatibility of fundamentalist Islam with western values 153 Domestic recognition Wilders was respectively declared as Man of the Year in 22 December 2023 by Dutch magazine Panorama 154 and Politician of the Year in 15 December 2007 by NOS radio a mainstream Dutch radio station The parliamentary press praised his ability to dominate political discussion and to attract the debate and to get into publicity with his well timed one liners 155 The editors eventually gave the title to Wilders because he was the only one who scored high among both the press and the general public 156 157 In December 2009 Wilders came in second in two polls in the Netherlands for Politician of the Year A panel of Dutch television viewers praised him as the second best politician this year after his outspoken critic Alexander Pechtold while his colleagues in parliament named him the second worst after Rita Verdonk 158 In February 2010 the trailer of a newly published online satirical video on the website of the Dutch radio station FunX which targets a young urban audience spoofed a murder attempt on Wilders 159 On 2 October 2011 Radio Netherlands Worldwide reported that a retired Dutch politician of the People s Party for Freedom and Democracy VVD Frits Bolkestein who is sometime called the mentor of Geert Wilders does not share his views He reportedly said that Wilders says things that are just not right and I think he totally exaggerates While giving his opinion on burqa ban Mr Bolkestein said that he disagrees with the recent introduction of a burqa ban an idea championed by Geert Wilders The Netherlands he said is the third European country to introduce such a ban after France and Belgium A ban makes martyrs of the few burqa wearers there are in the Netherlands he said 160 Wilders has also been compared to the assassinated fellow critic of Islam and filmmaker Theo van Gogh but he does not see himself as taking on van Gogh s mantle 37 Criticism nbsp Wilders alongside Donald Trump Nigel Farage Marine Le Pen named as fascists during a 2017 march in Amsterdam Some Muslim critics of Wilders accuse him of using Quranic verses out of context and of manipulating verses to have a different meaning than the verses intended to 161 Wilders views on Islam prompted the Mayor of Rotterdam Ahmed Aboutaleb to reprimand him 162 Wilders has stated that he supports the free speech rights of his critics saying that An Imam who wants a politician dead is however reprehensible allowed to say so 147 He has responded to critics comments of racism and Islamophobia by stating I don t hate Muslims I hate their book and their ideology 4 Editorials in The Montreal Gazette The Wall Street Journal The Guardian and The New York Times have accused Wilders of hypocrisy given that in their view Wilders has called for the ban of the sale of the Quran while simultaneously arguing for his own personal freedom of speech 163 164 165 In a speech during a Dutch parliamentary debate Wilders elaborated that he calls for the consistent application of Dutch laws restricting any act of expression that incites violence 92 Ideally he would prefer to see nearly all such laws abolished 147 166 In February 2012 Wilders was accused of anti Polish sentiment after his party launched a hotline website for public complaints specifically about Poles and as well as Bulgarians Romanians and other Eastern Europeans who are causing a nuisance 167 168 The website prompted the Polish embassy in the Netherlands to request the website to be shut down 169 while the Romanian embassy called it discriminatory 168 Several politicians denounced the website although prime minister Mark Rutte did not comment 170 Shortly after the website launch a number of Poles in the Netherlands reported being targeted by vandalism or insulted for speaking Polish in public 171 In March 2014 and during a party meeting in The Hague on the evening of local elections he sparked widespread controversy when he asked his attending supporters Do you want in this city and in the Netherlands more or fewer Moroccans after which they chanted Fewer Fewer Wilders response was Then we ll fix it This action led several PVV representatives to resign among whom two of the party s members of Parliament Roland van Vliet and Joram van Klaveren the party s leader in the European Parliament Laurence Stassen and a number of its provincial legislators and municipal councillors 172 Many politicians denounced what happened In response a number of young Moroccans launched a social media campaign called Born here in which they posted pictures of themselves alongside their Dutch passports 173 In May 2014 Dutch Foreign Minister Timmermans condemned Wilders anti Islam sticker saying that The Netherlands cannot be held responsible for the adolescent behavior of a single parliamentarian 174 Timmermans said that Saudi Arabia is deeply offended by the sticker action 175 International nbsp Speaking at CPAC Hungary 2024 Wilders was extensively discussed in leaked American diplomatic cables In a briefing to president Barack Obama he was described as no friend of the US he opposes Dutch military involvement in Afghanistan he believes development assistance is money wasted he opposes NATO missions outside allied territory he is against most EU initiatives and most troubling he foments fear and hatred of immigrants 176 In July 2011 Anders Behring Breivik the man who carried out the 2011 Norway attacks expressed admiration for Geert Wilders and the Party for Freedom Wilders immediately distanced himself strongly from Breivik 177 In 2012 Polish presenter Szymon Majewski satirically impersonated and poked fun at Wilders on Polish television in response to the Polish hotline controversy 178 179 On 28 July 2015 Vienna s prosecutors office launched a probe and lodged calls for criminal proceedings against Geert Wilders for allegedly comparing the Quran to Mein Kampf after Tarafa Baghajati had accused him of hate speech and denigrating religious teachings 180 In October 2020 Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan sued Wilders after he posted a series of tweets against Erdogan and urged NATO to take Turkey out of the bloc 181 Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte said that a legal case against a Dutch politician that could possibly even lead to a curtailment of freedom of expression is not acceptable 182 Personal lifeAccording to a profile in Elsevier Weekblad Wilders was in a short lived marriage at the age of 20 183 He has since been married to Krisztina Wilders nee Marfai a former diplomat from Hungary of Jewish origin since July 1992 184 Wilders is an agnostic 185 but he has stated that he thinks Christians are my allies and that they fundamentally should want the same thing 37 186 nbsp Krisztina and Geert Wilders on Prinsjesdag in 2014In June 2011 disclosure of Wilder s personal finances indicated that he founded a self administered company one year earlier without reporting this via the public records of the House of Representatives which he as a parliamentarian should have done The company is known as OnLiberty BV and is aimed at acquiring intellectual and property rights 187 Wilders later explained he had acted this way for security reasons and that the company had no connection to the PVV OnLiberty BV has since been formally registered in Breda 188 Outside of politics Wilders has revealed that he enjoys reading Donald Duck comics and playing Mario Kart on PlayStation a 189 190 He is also a fan of British singer Amy Winehouse 191 Wilders has been bleaching and dyeing his hair to peroxide platinum blond 192 since at least the mid 1990s having previously got his hair cut at a barber shop near Utrecht Central Station until this was stopped due to security concerns As a result of hair graying Wilders dark roots show less 193 Wilders has acquired nicknames such as Mozart and Captain Peroxide because of his flamboyant platinum blond hairstyle 41 Radio Netherlands calls him the most famous bleach blond since Marilyn Monroe 194 Protection On 10 November 2004 two suspected attackers were captured after an hour long siege of a building in The Hague They were in possession of three grenades and were accused of planning to murder Wilders as well as a fellow MP Ayaan Hirsi Ali 195 The suspects were presumed to be members of what the Dutch intelligence agency the General Intelligence and Security Service has termed the Hofstad Network Hofstadgroep Since this incident Wilders has been under constant security protection because of frequent threats to his life 196 In September 2007 a Dutch woman was sentenced to a one year prison term for sending more than 100 threatening emails to Wilders 197 In 2009 a rapper from Rotterdam was sentenced to 80 hours community service and a two month suspended jail term for threatening Wilders in a rap song 198 Wilders was listed as the most threatened politician in the Netherlands in 2008 199 Wilders was reported to have been deprived of a personal life for his hatred of Islam 7 He is constantly accompanied by a permanent security detail of about six plainclothes police officers and does not receive visitors unless they are cleared in advance thoroughly searched and escorted at all times He lives in a state provided safe house which is outfitted to be bulletproof is heavily guarded by police and has a panic room He is driven from his home to his offices in parliament in an armored police vehicle and wears a bulletproof vest 200 201 His office is located in the most isolated corner of the Dutch Parliament building and was chosen because potential terrorists can get to it through only one corridor making it easier for his bodyguards to repel an attack 202 The restrictions on his life he said are a situation that I wouldn t wish on my worst enemy 37 In January 2010 Karen Geurtsen a Dutch journalist from the magazine HP De Tijd revealed a painful breach of security She spent four months working undercover posing as an intern for the PVV party She claimed that she had had unchecked access to Wilders I could have killed him were the first words of the article that she published about this operation According to her she had dozens of opportunities to take his life 203 In July 2010 after Wilders complained that his security was inadequate the Special Security Assignments Brigade a special unit of Dutch military police made four attempts to smuggle a firearm into the heavily guarded offices of Wilders Freedom Party two of which were successful Following these breaches security at the offices was increased 204 205 Death threatsIn September 2010 in an internet chat room Australian Islamic fundamentalist preacher Feiz Mohammad urged his followers to behead Wilders His rationale was his accusation that Wilders had denigrat ed Islam and that anyone who mocks laughs or degrades Islam as Wilders had must be killed by chopping off his head 206 207 208 The Dutch newspaper De Telegraaf released an excerpt of the talk after Dutch intelligence officials received a tip about the threat 209 210 After the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing Wilders wrote I am threatened for the simple reason that I am an Islam critic But make no mistake I am not the only one who is in danger The Tsarnaev brothers drew inspiration from Feiz Mohammed s internet rants and decided to kill innocent onlookers at a marathon Everyone is in danger 211 In July 2010 212 213 Anwar al Awlaki published a death list in his Inspire magazine including Wilders Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Salman Rushdie along with cartoonists Lars Vilks and three Jyllands Posten staff members Kurt Westergaard Carsten Juste and Flemming Rose 214 215 216 Shortly before this publication it was revealed in The Hague that Dutch law enforcement officers succeeded twice in smuggling a firearm into the parliament buildings and into the guarded headquarters of Wilders party This check was carried out by the Special Security Assignments Brigade BSB a special unit of the Dutch Military Police The test was carried out following a complaint from Wilders about his security being inadequate 217 218 Pakistani male Junaid I was arrested in the Den Haag Centraal railway station after having posted a video with threats against Wilders on Facebook the previous day He had been enraged about a Muhammad cartoon contest announced by Wilders In 2019 Junaid I was sentenced to ten years in prison as an attack on a parliamentarian constitutes an attack on Dutch rule of law the convict had showed an interest in violent extremism and the great risk of recurrence In February 2021 the appeals court came to the same verdict and sentence 219 Wilders said he had received hundreds of death threats after he supported Indian politician Nupur Sharma s comments on Muhammad that caused controversy 220 221 He remained defiant claiming to stand for freedom 222 After the murder of a Hindu tailor by two Muslim men he cautioned the people of India against appeasement of Islam 223 Trials Main article Trial of Geert Wilders Several groups and persons in the Netherlands have called for legal action against Wilders while others including Christian fundamentalists defended his right to free speech 104 On 15 August 2007 a representative of the Prosecutors Office in Amsterdam declared that dozens of reports against Wilders had been filed and that they were all being considered 224 Attempts to prosecute Wilders under Dutch anti hate speech laws in June 2008 failed with the public prosecutor s office stating that Wilders comments contributed to the debate on Islam in Dutch society and also had been made outside parliament The office released a statement reading That comments are hurtful and offensive for a large number of Muslims does not mean that they are punishable Freedom of expression fulfils an essential role in public debate in a democratic society That means that offensive comments can be made in a political debate 104 225 226 On 21 January 2009 a three judge court ordered prosecutors to try him 226 227 The Middle East Forum established a Legal Defence Fund for Wilders s defence 228 The New York Times ran an op ed criticizing his views and arguing that for a man who calls for a ban on the Koran to act as the champion of free speech is a bit rich concluding however that the lawsuit against Wilders might not be a good thing for democracy because it made him look more important than he should be 164 A survey by Angus Reid Global Monitor found that public opinion is deeply split on the prosecution with 50 supporting Wilders and 43 opposed 225 However as of 2009 public support for the Party for Freedom had greatly increased since Wilders legal troubles began with the Party for Freedom virtually tied with the People s Party for Freedom and Democracy to be the third most popular party 151 229 According to Radio Netherlands Dutch politicians themselves seem to be keeping quiet on the issue they are probably worried that media attention will only serve to make the controversial politician more popular 145 In late October 2010 the Dutch court approved a request from Geert Wilders to have new judges appointed forcing the court to retry the case 230 On 7 February 2011 Wilders returned to the court room in order that his legal team could present evidence from Islamic experts which the court rejected in 2010 including Mohammed Bouyeri who murdered film maker Theo van Gogh and Dutch academic Hans Jansen 231 On 23 June 2011 Wilders was acquitted of all charges A Dutch court said that his speech was legitimate political debate but on the edge 232 Because both the public prosecutor and the defence requested complete acquittal the verdict will most likely not be appealed 233 234 2016 trial On 18 March 2016 a second trial against Wilders began this time on the accusation of inciting discrimination and hatred against Moroccans living in the Netherlands 235 On 17 November 2016 the Dutch Public Prosecution Service demanded a fine against him of 5 000 4 300 236 On 9 December 2016 he was convicted in a hate speech trial but no penalty was imposed 18 That verdict was overturned in 2020 when a higher court found that while Wilders s remarks were insulting to an ethnic minority they were found to be in the service of receiving political gains rather than inspiring discrimination 28 International initiatives nbsp Wilders speaking at a Lega Nord congress in Italy Wilders is regarded as part of the international counter jihad movement 237 and as the most successful counter jihadist politician in the world 238 He is described as the main counter jihad standard bearer across Europe feted by campaigning organisations in North America 238 In the spring of 2009 Wilders launched the Facing Jihad World Tour a series of screenings of Fitna to public officials and influential organizations starting in Rome 239 In the US Wilders showed the film to the United States Congress in February having been invited by Arizona Republican Senator Jon Kyl 240 Around 40 people attended the screening 51 American Muslims protested but said they supported his right of free speech while still condemning his opinions 240 Wilders appeared before the National Press Club and the Republican Jewish Coalition as well 241 better source needed Similar attempts in Britain led to a travel ban 19 In July 2010 Wilders announced the International Freedom Alliance a network of groups and individuals who are fighting for freedom against Islam 242 243 244 Wilders planned IFA branches in the United States Canada Britain France and Germany by late 2010 The message stop Islam defend freedom is a message that s not only important for the Netherlands but for the whole free Western world Wilders stated to reporters at the Dutch Parliament Wilders stressed the group would not contain far right extremists 245 United States In August 2010 Wilders who had become a regular guest with American conservatives and libertarians announced that he would speak at a rally on 11 September in New York to protest the plans for Park51 a Muslim community center with a prayer space to be built near the World Trade Center site The rally to be held on the ten year anniversary of the 11 September 2001 attacks was organised by Stop Islamization of America which was supported by former House speaker Newt Gingrich who was originally announced as a speaker at the event but never confirmed and cancelled a video appearance 246 According to SIOA s website world leaders prominent politicians and 9 11 family members would speak at the rally but Wilders was not mentioned by name 247 248 though he did attend as he had announced 249 In political circles in The Netherlands the announcement caused widespread irritation about his plan 250 Christian Democrat senator Hans Hillen remarked that Wilders words could endanger Dutch interests 251 Former NATO general secretary Jaap de Hoop Scheffer advised Wilders not to make a speech arguing that the international public does not know who is in the Dutch cabinet and who is in parliament and thus Wilders speech could be mistaken as an official statement of the Dutch government Later Christian Democrat party leader and acting Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs Maxime Verhagen issued a warning 252 253 Also the Dutch Foreign Ministry allegedly would have issued guidelines to its embassies on how to react to questions about the role being played by the PVV and Wilders in the formation of a new government On 10 August 2010 the website of Dutch daily newspaper NRC Handelsblad published the ministry memo The ministry itself however had declined to confirm or deny the authenticity of these guidelines One question posed is how Wilders could be taking part in negotiations on forming a government coalition when he has been indicted for inciting hatred and discrimination and for insulting a group of persons Other questions covered possible bans on the building of new mosques on the Quran and on Islamic schools in the Netherlands The memo stressed that such bans would breach the Dutch constitution 254 On 11 September 2010 2 000 people gathered close by the site of a planned Muslim community center near the site of the World Trade Center attacks on 11 September 2001 where they were addressed by Wilders who flew from The Netherlands to urge the crowd This is where we have to draw the line We must never give a free hand to those who want to subjugate us Wilders added Draw this line so that New York will never become New Mecca 255 Wilders spoke on Thursday 12 May 2011 at Cornerstone Church in Madison Tennessee at the Tennessee Freedom Coalition inaugural Signature Series event 256 In May 2015 Geert Wilders was invited to an art exhibit presented by Stop Islamization of America in Garland Texas that offered a 10 000 prize for the best drawing of Muhammad Towards the end of the event two gunmen opened fire outside injuring a police officer before being shot dead by other police officers guarding the center 257 258 259 260 Wilders at the invitation of Tennessee state senator Bill Ketron attended the 2016 Republican National Convention in Cleveland Ohio in July 2016 where Donald Trump was chosen as the presidential candidate of the Republican Party with Governor Mike Pence as running mate He gave a speech at a party for gay Republicans LBGTrump 261 AustraliaIn 2012 Wilders was invited by the Q Society of Australia to visit Australia In August 2012 he applied for a visa to give two speeches in October 2012 His staff and police protection officers were granted visas within three days but Wilders was not 262 On 2 October 2012 Immigration Minister Chris Bowen while stating that Wilders views were offensive stated that he would not block the visa application Bowen stated I have decided not to intervene to deny him a visa because I believe that our democracy is strong enough our multiculturalism robust enough and our commitment to freedom of speech entrenched enough that our society can withstand the visit of a fringe commentator from the other side of the world 263 On the same day the Q Society put out a press release criticizing the delays in issuing a visa saying that Chris Bowen s announcement was too little too late and announcing that Wilders visit would be pushed back to February 2013 as there were still no visa documents available 264 GermanyIn March 2010 Wilders was told he is not welcome in the western German tourist resort of Monschau in the Eifel area after he spent a weekend there along with armed bodyguards Mayor Margareta Ritter CDU said she was concerned that his presence tainted her town with the suspicion that it was sympathetic to his views As a result Monschau was said to have been unfairly connected with extremism in the European press Anyone who pollutes the integration debate in the Netherlands with poisonous right wing populism as Wilders has and advocates prohibition of the Koran by a comparison with Hitler s Mein Kampf is not welcome in Monschau I wanted to distinguish Monschau from that Ritter did not say whether Wilders was enjoying a short vacation in her town or had been meeting with like minded people 15 16 265 266 267 A demonstration to support Wilders was announced to take place in Berlin on 17 April 268 The same year local Berlin politician for the CDU Rene Stadtkewitz was expelled from the CDU after he invited Wilders to Germany to hold a speech 269 In October 2010 Wilders supported the founding of Stadtkewitz s new German Freedom Party In April 2015 Wilders held a speech for Pegida in Dresden 270 United Kingdom Ban on entering Lord Pearson of Rannoch and Baroness Cox members of the House of Lords the upper chamber of the British Parliament invited Wilders to a show of 12 February 2009 viewing of Fitna in the Palace of Westminster 271 Two days before the showing Home Secretary Jacqui Smith banned Wilders from entering the United Kingdom labeling him an undesirable person 272 Entry was denied under EU law and reportedly supported under regulation 19 of the Immigration European Economic Area Regulations 2006 an EU law which allows a member state to refuse entry to individuals if they are regarded as constituting a threat to public policy security or health 273 A Home Office spokesperson elaborated that The Government opposes extremism in all its forms and that was the driving force behind tighter rules on exclusions for unacceptable behaviour that the Home Secretary announced in October last year 274 Wilders defied the ban and took a British Midland Airways flight from Amsterdam to London Heathrow Airport on 12 February accompanied by television crews Upon arrival he was quickly detained by UK Border Agency officials and deported on one of the next flights to the Netherlands 275 276 He called Prime Minister Gordon Brown the biggest coward in Europe and remarked Of course I will come back 277 Wilders had visited the United Kingdom in December 2008 without any problem 278 In response to the ban both Pearson and Cox accused the government of appeasing militant Islam 271 The International Herald Tribune stated that the ban was broadly condemned in the British news media 277 The Dutch Foreign Secretary Maxime Verhagen called the decision highly regrettable and complained to his British counterpart 279 Dutch Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende complained to Gordon Brown about the disappointing decision 280 The Quilliam Foundation a British think tank criticised the ban 165 as did National Secular Society president Terry Sanderson 278 The Muslim Labour peer Lord Ahmed expressed support for Smith s ban on Wilders entering the country 165 the Ramadhan Foundation and the Muslim Council of Britain also did so the council labeling Wilders an open and relentless preacher of hate 278 Ban overturn After being declared persona non grata by Jacqui Smith then the Home Secretary in February 2009 Wilders appealed the decision to Britain s Asylum and Immigration Tribunal 281 In October 2009 the tribunal overturned the ban 282 283 284 Wilders subsequently praised the ruling as a triumph for freedom of speech and stated that he planned to visit the United Kingdom in the near future 282 285 The ruling was criticized by the British Home Office which stated that an appeal of the tribunal s ruling is being considered A spokesman stated The Government opposes extremism in all its forms The decision to refuse Wilders admission was taken on the basis that his presence could have inflamed tensions between our communities and have led to inter faith violence We still maintain this view 282 285 VisitsOn 16 October 2009 Wilders arrived in the United Kingdom and was quickly forced to move his press conference due to protests by about forty members of the organization Islam4UK an organization that was later shut down under the UK s Terrorism Act 2000 on 14 January 2010 Although the Home Office had asserted that his entry into the country would not be blocked a spokesman said his statements and behaviour during a visit will inevitably impact on any future decisions to admit him 286 287 His visit to the UK met with protest 288 but Wilders called it a victory in a press conference 283 On his outspoken views on Islam he said I have a problem with the Islamic ideology the Islamic culture because I feel that the more Islam that we get in our societies the less freedom we get He opened the press conference with a quote from George Orwell s preface to Animal Farm If liberty means anything at all it means the right to tell people what they don t want to hear Lord Pearson who had invited him said his arrival wasa celebration of the victory of freedom of speech over those who would prevent it in this country particularly the Islamists the violent Jihadists who are on the march across the world and in the UK 288 In January 2010 Wilders was invited again to show his anti Quran movie Fitna in the British House of Lords by UK Independence Party UKIP Lord Pearson and cross bencher Baroness Cox Wilders accepted the invitation and was present for a showing of the movie in the House of Lords on 5 March In his speech he quoted ominous words from Winston Churchill s book The River War from 1899 Mohammedanism is a militant and proselytizing faith No stronger retrograde force exists in the World It has already spread throughout Central Africa raising fearless warriors at every step the civilization of modern Europe might fall as fell the civilization of ancient Rome 289 290 291 At the ensuing press conferences he called the Islamic prophet Muhammad a barbarian a mass murderer and a pedophile and referred to Islam as a fascist ideology that was violent dangerous and retarded Wilders also reportedly called Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan a total freak 292 Dutch Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende called these comments irresponsible 293 and Maxime Verhagen Dutch caretaker Minister of Foreign Affairs publicly condemned Wilders s remarks and behaviour He incites discord among people in a distasteful manner And in the meantime he damages the interests of the Dutch population and the reputation of the Netherlands in the world 294 295 296 Bernard Wientjes the president of the Dutch employers organization Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers VNO NCW also accused Wilders of seriously damaging Dutch interests abroad He called it outrageous that Wilders had presented himself in London as the next Dutch prime minister and then derided Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan Emphasizing that three quarters of the Dutch GDP comes from revenue earned abroad according to Wientjes Wilders poses a serious threat to the Netherlands and the Dutch economy 297 298 Historical evaluation in the NetherlandsIn the Netherlands Wilders and his movement have been discussed in historical and psychological perspectives Dutch philosopher Rob Riemen nl characterised Wilders and his movement in 2010 as the prototype of contemporary fascism after having defined fascism itself as the politisation of the resentment of the man in the crowd in line with previous definitions by Menno ter Braak Albert Camus and Thomas Mann 299 Historian Robin te Slaa of NIOD Institute for War Holocaust and Genocide Studies disagreed and concluded in 2012 that Wilders is no fascist in the historical sense Wilders and his party do not formally subscribe to classical fascist tenets such as biological racism social darwinism an autocratic state rejection of democracy and of individualism a cult of autocratic one man leadership and a Third Way economic policy in between capitalism and Marxism Instead Wilders is seen as a libertarian proponent of laissez faire economic policy personal autonomy women s equality and the emancipation of homosexual people 300 However te Slaa noted the extreme right wing populism the proposed discrimination of Muslims the Islamophobia and the rejection of the legal state by Wilders He cited Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte s characterisation of Wilders as a political pyromaniac because of the absence of practical solutions in Wilders disputed Islamophobic proposals 300 Electoral historyThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items December 2023 Electoral history of Geert Wilders Year Body Party Pos Votes Result Ref Party seats Individual 1998 House of Representatives VVD 45 274 38 Lost 301 2002 House of Representatives VVD 30 2 522 24 Lost 302 2003 House of Representatives VVD 14 4 763 28 Won 303 2006 House of Representatives PVV 1 566 197 9 Won 304 2010 House of Representatives PVV 1 1 376 938 24 Won 305 2012 House of Representatives PVV 1 886 314 15 Won 306 2017 House of Representatives PVV 1 1 258 989 20 Won 307 2021 House of Representatives PVV 1 1 004 605 17 Won 308 2023 House of Representatives PVV 1 2 230 371 37 Won 309 BibliographyWorks authored by Wilders In Dutch 2005 Kies voor vrijheid een eerlijk antwoord Groep Wilders Translated title Choose freedom an honest answer OCLC 66505104 2010 Dossier Wilders Uitspraken van de meest besproken Nederlandse politicus van deze eeuw House of knowledge Translated title The Wilders file Statements by the most discussed Dutch politician of this century ISBN 978 90 8510 920 4 OCLC 642690188 In English 2012 Marked for Death Islam s War Against the West and Me Washington DC Regnery ISBN 978 1 59698 796 8 OCLC 787506734 Secondary literature In Dutch Fennema Meindert Geert Wilders De tovenaarsleerling Amsterdam Prometheus 2016 Geert Wilders The sorcerer s apprentice ISBN 978 90 351 3534 5 OCLC 961357607 Riemen Rob De eeuwige terugkeer van het fascisme Atlas Amsterdam 2010 The eternal return of fascism ISBN 978 90 450 1856 0 OCLC 682172480 te Slaa Robin Is Wilders een fascist Amsterdam Boom 2012 Is Wilders a fascist ISBN 978 94 6105 207 0 OCLC 799144676Awards and recognitionOriana Fallaci Free Speech Award in 2009 310 Nominated for Sakharov Prize in 2010 311 Dutch Politician of the Year 2010 312 Dutch Politician of the Year 2013 313 Dutch Politician of the Year 2015 314 Dutch Politician of the Year 2016 315 The Hungarian Order of Merit in 2022 316 See alsoCriticism of multiculturalism Multiculturalism in the Netherlands Philosemitism Bibliography of books critical of Islam Stephen Robert Morse whose film EuroTrump covered Wilders in the run up to the 2017 electionNotes No games from the Mario Kart franchise have ever released for any PlayStation console References in Dutch Parlement com biography Castle Stephen 5 August 2010 Dutch Opponent of Muslims Gains Ground The New York Times Netherlands Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 31 May 2011 Mock Vanessa 11 June 2010 Wilders makes shock gains in Dutch elections The Independent London Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 18 June 2010 a b Dutch prime minister says government austerity talks collapse The Washington Post Associated Press 20 April 2012 Archived from the original on 22 April 2012 Retrieved 28 April 2012 a b c d e f Traynor Ian 17 February 2008 I don t hate Muslims I hate Islam says Holland s rising political star The Guardian London Archived from the original on 1 September 2013 Retrieved 15 March 2009 Putin s propagandists cheer Geert Wilders Dutch election win POLITICO 23 November 2023 Retrieved 2 February 2024 Wilders kan zich vrijheid nauwelijks herinneren Archived 3 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine NOS 4 May 2015 a b c d e f g h i Traufetter Gerald 27 March 2008 A Missionary with Dark Visions Der Spiegel Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 15 March 2009 a b Surge for Dutch anti Islam Freedom Party Archived 24 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine BBC News 10 June 2010 Nancy Graham Holm Three Questions to Ask Geert Wilders about Anti Islam Hate Speech Huffington Post USA 22 April 2011 Archived from the original on 9 January 2016 Retrieved 31 May 2011 Hardy Roger 28 April 2010 Dutch Muslim women striving to integrate BBC News British Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 18 July 2014 Mr Wilders wants the authorities to halt all immigration from Muslim countries Robert Marquand Dutch voters boost far right party of Geert Wilders Archived 3 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine The Christian Science Monitor 10 June 2010 PVV Leger inzetten tegen straatterreur Gouda in Dutch Elsevier nl 15 September 2008 Archived from the original on 10 November 2008 Retrieved 18 June 2010 JP tegner klar til sag mod Wilders in Danish Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 22 May 2017 a b c d West Ed 30 January 2010 Geert Wilders is not far Right The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 9 April 2016 Retrieved 18 June 2010 a b c Dutch populist Wilders unwelcome in Eifel town Thelocal de Archived from the original on 31 May 2010 Retrieved 18 June 2010 a b c Rechtspopulist Wilders in Monschau nicht willkommen General anzeiger bonn de 16 March 2010 Archived from the original on 22 July 2011 Retrieved 18 June 2010 Rothwell James 15 March 2017 Dutch election Polls open as far right candidate Geert Wilders takes on Mark Rutte The Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 15 March 2017 a b Geert Wilders Dutch Far Right Leader Is Convicted of Inciting Discrimination The New York Times 9 December 2016 Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 19 February 2017 a b c d Gosden Emily 11 February 2009 Far right Dutch MP Geert Wilders vows to defy UK ban The Times London Archived from the original on 4 March 2020 Retrieved 15 March 2009 How Geert Wilders Became America s Favorite Islamophobe Foreign Policy 1 March 2017 Archived from the original on 15 March 2018 Retrieved 31 October 2023 Geert Wilders the Islamophobe some call the Dutch Donald Trump explained Vox 15 March 2017 Archived from the original on 31 October 2023 Retrieved 31 October 2023 In quotes Geert Wilders BBC 4 October 2010 Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 31 July 2011 a b PVV Wilders and Le Pen join forces on anti EU group EU Observer 14 November 2013 Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 11 April 2015 a b Le Pen and Wilders forge plan to wreck EU from within The Guardian 13 November 2013 Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 11 April 2015 a b c Buoyant Le Pen seeks more allies for Eurosceptic group in Brussels The Guardian 28 May 2014 Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 11 April 2015 a b Le Pen and Wilders fail to form anti EU bloc BBC 24 June 2014 Archived from the original on 25 September 2018 Retrieved 11 April 2015 Geert Wilders guilty of incitement POLITICO 9 December 2016 Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 22 May 2017 a b Geert Wilders Dutch far right leader cleared of inciting hatred BBC News 4 September 2020 Archived from the original on 17 February 2021 Retrieved 6 September 2020 Strafzaak Wilders Cassatie Politicus Geert Wilders is nu definitief veroordeeld wegens groepsbelediging De Indische roots van Geert Wilders SIGE in Dutch Archived from the original on 5 February 2023 Retrieved 23 November 2023 Vossen Koen 12 August 2016 The Power of Populism Geert Wilders and the Party for Freedom in the Netherlands Taylor amp Francis p 1 ISBN 978 1 317 29290 6 Archived from the original on 25 November 2023 Retrieved 1 September 2019 a b Tyler John 24 January 2008 Geert Wilders Pushing the envelope Radio Netherlands Worldwide Archived from the original on 14 June 2007 Retrieved 15 March 2008 Geert Wilder Politisi Belanda Anti Islam Keturunan Sukabumi cnbcindonesia com Archived from the original on 3 December 2023 Retrieved 3 December 2023 Lizzy van Leeuwen 2 September 2009 Wreker van zijn Indische grootouders in Dutch De Groene Amsterdammer Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 26 December 2013 Bert Bukman 6 January 2012 Waarom is het haar van Geert Wilders blond De Volkskrant in Dutch Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 26 December 2013 Geert Wilders Indonesian roots define his politics says anthropologist Vorige nrc nl 4 September 2009 Archived from the original on 20 July 2011 Retrieved 31 May 2011 a b c d Iran Warns Netherlands Not to Air Controversial Anti Muslim Film Fox News Channel 21 January 2008 Archived from the original on 12 June 2009 Retrieved 15 March 2009 G Wilders Parlement amp Politiek in Dutch Parlement com Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 24 March 2008 a b Liphshiz Cnaan 29 April 2014 Geert Wilders and Dutch Jews end of the affair Jewish Telegraphic Agency Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 12 March 2017 a b c Verliefd op Israel De Volkskrant in Dutch 10 April 2007 Archived from the original on 3 July 2015 Retrieved 21 June 2009 a b c d e Kirby Paul 27 March 2008 Profile Geert Wilders BBC News Archived from the original on 7 January 2019 Retrieved 13 March 2009 a b c d e f g Stokmans Derk 28 March 2008 Who is Geert Wilders NRC Handelsblad Archived from the original on 5 March 2009 Retrieved 13 March 2009 The rise and fall of Geert Wilders Al Jazeera Archived from the original on 7 August 2020 Retrieved 13 September 2012 in Dutch Europese verkiezingen 2009 Archived 1 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine Gemeente Utrecht 6 July 2009 Geert Wilders Fitna Movie Timeline FeceOnAir com Archived from the original on 6 March 2008 Retrieved 8 March 2008 Richburg Keith B 1 February 2005 Washingtonpost com The Washington Post Archived from the original on 24 July 2008 Retrieved 18 June 2010 Election Pamphlet Party for Freedom Archived from the original on 26 February 2021 Retrieved 12 February 2009 Burns John 12 February 2009 Britain Refuses Entry to Dutch Lawmaker Whose Remarks and Film Have Angered Muslims The New York Times Archived from the original on 15 May 2013 Retrieved 13 March 2009 Wilders I want to be prime minister Dutchnews nl 17 March 2009 Archived from the original on 21 March 2009 Retrieved 18 June 2010 a b Geert Wilders Freedom Party rises to 32 seats Radio Netherlands Worldwide 29 March 2009 Archived from the original on 25 September 2012 Retrieved 22 January 2011 a b Waterfield Bruno 3 March 2009 Geert Wilders leads Dutch polls The Daily Telegraph UK Archived from the original on 7 March 2009 Retrieved 15 March 2009 Wilders Freedom Party leads polls Radio Netherlands Worldwide 1 March 2009 Archived from the original on 25 June 2009 Retrieved 22 January 2011 Wilders Now a Celebrity in US and Prime Minister in Poll NIS News Bulletin 3 March 2009 Archived from the original on 22 July 2009 Retrieved 15 March 2009 Wilders to take council seat in the Hague Dutchnews nl 8 March 2010 Archived from the original on 12 March 2010 Retrieved 18 June 2010 Anti Islam MP Geert Wilders has announced he will take up a seat on the local council of the city of The Hague Rnw nl 8 March 2010 Archived from the original on 12 May 2010 Retrieved 18 June 2010 Berkowitz Ben Kreijger Gilbert 30 July 2010 Dutch close in on government with anti Islam party backing Reuters Archived from the original on 21 June 2013 Retrieved 19 February 2011 Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte claims victory for his VVD party in election The Washington Post Archived from the original on 18 September 2012 Retrieved 13 September 2012 Verkiezingsuitslagen Tweede Kamer 1918 heden in Dutch Kiesraad Electoral Council Archived from the original on 29 March 2015 Retrieved 11 April 2015 Dutch politician Geert Wilders takes aim at Moroccans and sparks outrage the Guardian 20 March 2014 Archived from the original on 19 October 2018 Retrieved 6 January 2019 Dutch politician Wilders accused of discrimination BBC News 20 March 2014 Archived from the original on 6 September 2017 Retrieved 6 January 2019 Dutch far right in crisis over Wilders chant aljazeera com Archived from the original on 1 August 2018 Retrieved 6 January 2019 Dutch populist Wilders faces huge backlash on Moroccan critique The Times of Israel Archived from the original on 14 July 2017 Retrieved 6 January 2019 Dutch populist politician Geert Wilders leads his followers in anti Moroccan chant Fox News 24 March 2015 Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 6 January 2019 Euroskeptic Union Right Wing Populists Forge EU Alliance Spiegel Online 13 November 2013 Archived from the original on 15 April 2015 Retrieved 11 April 2015 Le Pen vows far right EU Parliament group by end of the year EurActiv 25 June 2014 Archived from the original on 16 April 2015 Retrieved 11 April 2015 VVD leader Mark Rutte says zero chance of coalition with Geert Wilders DutchNews 16 January 2017 Archived from the original on 18 May 2017 Retrieved 6 January 2019 Ashley Kirk Patrick Scott 17 March 2017 Dutch election How the far Right could win but not rule in a country known for its liberal values The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 5 September 2018 Retrieved 6 January 2019 VVD wins 33 seats but coalition partner Labour is hammered Dutch News 16 March 2017 Archived from the original on 27 March 2018 Retrieved 6 January 2019 Henley Jon 18 March 2021 Netherlands election Mark Rutte claims fourth term with overwhelming victory The Guardian Archived from the original on 8 July 2023 Retrieved 11 August 2023 Eerste reactie Geert Wilders op verkiezingsuitslag Tweede Kamer verkiezingen 2021 YouTube Archived from the original on 11 August 2023 Retrieved 11 August 2023 De Amerikaanse suikeroom van Geert Wilders Follow the Money Platform voor onderzoeksjournalistiek in Dutch 15 January 2021 Archived from the original on 15 January 2021 Retrieved 15 January 2021 Nagtegaal Bastiaan 15 January 2021 Wilders meldde bijdrage aan advocatenkosten niet in register NRC in Dutch Archived from the original on 15 January 2021 Retrieved 15 January 2021 O Carrol Lisa 23 November 2023 Tax healthcare immigration why Dutch people voted for Geert Wilders The Guardian Archived from the original on 28 November 2023 Retrieved 28 November 2023 Henley Jon 28 November 2023 Geert Wilders will have to scrap most of manifesto to enter government say experts The Guardian Archived from the original on 28 November 2023 Retrieved 28 November 2023 a b Corder Mike Casert Raf 22 November 2023 Anti Islam populist Wilders heading for a massive win in Netherlands in a shock for Europe Associated Press THE HAGUE Archived from the original on 22 November 2023 Retrieved 22 November 2023 Dutch anti Islam populist Geert Wilders abandons PM bid BBC 13 March 2024 Retrieved 14 March 2024 Geert Wilders says it is constitutionally wrong that he had to sacrifice his leadership ambitions Associated Press 14 March 2024 Retrieved 14 March 2024 Dutch populist Wilders reaches government deal after six months BBC News 15 May 2024 Retrieved 16 May 2024 https nltimes nl 2024 05 16 sun will shine netherlands wilders says coalitions plans Aharouay Lamyae 16 May 2024 Pieter Omtzigt blokkeert tot dusver de voordracht van Ronald Plasterk als premier NRC in Dutch Retrieved 16 May 2024 Wilders had in 2001 respect voor de islam Parool 24 February 2010 a b c Sackur Steven 22 March 2006 Geert Wilders HARDtalk Archived from the original on 7 March 2008 Retrieved 30 March 2008 a b PVV doet het voor Henk en Ingrid De Telegraaf in Dutch 23 April 2010 Archived from the original on 6 August 2011 Retrieved 20 September 2011 a b Willen de echte Henk en Ingrid opstaan NRC Next in Dutch 27 April 2011 Archived from the original on 4 May 2010 Retrieved 19 September 2011 Wie zijn Henk en Ingrid RTL Nieuws in Dutch 23 April 2010 Archived from the original on 25 November 2023 Retrieved 19 September 2011 in Dutch Henk en Ingrid van de PVV stemden ooit PvdA Archived 27 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine De Volkskrant 25 May 2010 PVV plies to reunite Flanders and the Netherlands Wilders Nederland is Kaagland geworden een zieke linkse dictatuur Nieuw Rechts 25 May 2023 Klare Wijn in Dutch Party for Freedom 31 March 2006 Archived from the original on 6 December 2008 Retrieved 15 March 2009 Wilders Geert Klare Wijn Archived 2018 10 10 at the Wayback Machine GeertWilders nl English version Archived 20 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine Stefanie March 16 March 2017 This Is Exactly What He Wants How Geert Wilders Won by Losing The Atlantic Archived from the original on 12 September 2018 Retrieved 6 January 2019 a b c Mr Wilderss contribution to the parliamentary debate on Islamic activism Groep Wilders 6 September 2007 Archived from the original on 14 June 2008 Retrieved 15 March 2009 Waterfield Bruno 14 August 2007 Ban Koran like Mein Kampf says Dutch MP The Daily Telegraph UK Archived from the original on 24 March 2010 Retrieved 24 March 2008 Geert Wilders Man Out of Time Aina org 26 January 2009 Archived from the original on 7 September 2012 Retrieved 31 May 2011 Wilders Geert 8 August 2007 Genoeg is genoeg verbied de Koran De Volkskrant in Dutch Archived from the original on 1 April 2008 Retrieved 24 March 2008 Wilders verbied de Koran ook in moskee De Volkskrant in Dutch 8 August 2007 Archived from the original on 12 September 2007 Retrieved 8 August 2007 den Boer Nicolien 8 January 2007 Qur an should be banned Wilders strikes again Radio Netherlands Archived from the original on 15 March 2008 Retrieved 24 March 2008 Speech by Geert Wilders on the first day of the General Debate in the Dutch parliament geertwilders nl 18 September 2009 Archived from the original on 17 July 2011 John Tyler 16 September 2009 Wilders wants headscarf tax RNW Archived from the original on 7 June 2011 Retrieved 27 January 2011 Wilders get rid of half of Koran Expatica Internet Archive 13 February 2007 Archived from the original on 14 May 2007 Retrieved 24 March 2008 Dutch MP Geert Wilders to show Muhammad cartoons on TV BBC News 4 June 2015 Archived from the original on 6 September 2017 Retrieved 6 January 2019 Geert Wilders Let the Dutch Vote on Immigration Policy The New York Times 20 November 2015 Archived from the original on 4 January 2019 Retrieved 6 January 2019 Hold your breath Fitna spreading seeds of hatred Today s Zaman 29 March 2008 Archived from the original on 2 April 2008 Retrieved 1 April 2008 a b c Holland declines to prosecute anti Islam politician International Herald Tribune Reuters 30 June 2008 Archived from the original on 30 January 2009 Retrieved 14 March 2009 YouTubers Say Sorry for Quran Bashing Film Fitna ABC News Retrieved 19 December 2023 Wilders faces arrest by Jordan over Fitna Dutch News 20 June 2008 Archived from the original on 14 February 2009 Retrieved 15 March 2009 Traynor Ian 13 November 2013 Le Pen and Wilders forge plan to wreck EU from within The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 19 December 2023 Netherlands Geert Wilders cuts up EU flag EUobserver 20 May 2014 Retrieved 19 December 2023 Geert Wilders calls for Dutch EU membership referendum POLITICO 24 June 2016 Retrieved 19 December 2023 De sterke wil van Wilders in Dutch 14 October 2006 Archived from the original on 14 October 2006 Retrieved 31 May 2011 a b Amerikaanse Wilders fans foremost hero of our age Netwerk tv 10 June 2009 Archived from the original on 11 October 2009 Retrieved 31 May 2011 Liphshiz Cnaan Dutch anti Islam MP Israel is West s first line of defense Haaretz Archived from the original on 21 September 2009 Retrieved 11 October 2009 Geert Wilders Change Jordan s name to Palestine Archived 2018 12 07 at the Wayback Machine Roee Nahmias Israel News 20 June 2010 Al ManarTV Geert Wilders Change Jordan s Name to Palestine Almanar com lb 20 June 2010 Retrieved 16 January 2011 dead link Wilders urges Israel to build more West Bank settlements Dutch News 6 December 2010 Archived from the original on 25 November 2023 Retrieved 24 November 2023 Dutch secret service investigated far right politician over Israel ties report i24NEWS 5 December 2016 Archived from the original on 24 November 2023 Retrieved 24 November 2023 Geert Wilders PVV Ik geloof in conflict als model om vooruit te komen de Volkskrant 15 November 2023 Retrieved 24 November 2023 Fleur Agema PVV Na de aanval op Israel heeft iedereen gezien dat Geert Wilders niet extreemrechts is Trouw 23 November 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Electoral Council in Dutch 29 March 2021 pp 18 19 Retrieved 21 December 2023 Proces verbaal van de uitslag van de verkiezing van de Tweede Kamer der Staten Generaal 2023 d d 4 december 2023 Report of the results of the election of the House of Representatives on 4 December 2023 PDF Dutch Electoral Council in Dutch 4 December 2023 pp 33 34 Retrieved 21 December 2023 Geert Wilders shows Fitna film in Rome receives Oriana Fallaci free speech award Euro Islam info 20 February 2009 Archived from the original on 12 November 2016 Retrieved 17 February 2016 Wilders nominated for free speech prize rnw org Archived from the original on 25 February 2016 Retrieved 17 February 2016 Wilders wins tv show s politician of the year award DutchNews nl 14 December 2010 Archived from the original on 22 December 2015 Retrieved 15 December 2015 span, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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