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Wikipedia

Mike Pence

January 19, 2024

Michael Richard Pence (born June 7, 1959) is an American politician who served as the 48th vice president of the United States from 2017 to 2021 under President Donald Trump. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 50th governor of Indiana from 2013 to 2017, and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013.

Mike Pence
Official portrait, 2017
48th Vice President of the United States
In office
January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byJoe Biden
Succeeded byKamala Harris
50th Governor of Indiana
In office
January 14, 2013 – January 9, 2017
Lieutenant
Preceded byMitch Daniels
Succeeded byEric Holcomb
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Indiana
In office
January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2013
Preceded byDavid M. McIntosh
Succeeded byLuke Messer
Constituency
Personal details
Born
Michael Richard Pence

(1959-06-07) June 7, 1959 (age 64)
Columbus, Indiana, U.S.
Political partyRepublican (1983–present)
Other political
affiliations		Democratic (1977–1983)
Spouse
​
(m. 1985)​
Children3, including Charlotte Pence Bond
RelativesGreg Pence (brother)
Residence(s)Carmel, Indiana, U.S.
Education
Occupation
  • Politician
  • lawyer
  • broadcaster
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website
Mike Pence's voice
Pence on being appointed chair of the White House Coronavirus Task Force
Recorded February 27, 2020
Other offices

Born and raised in Columbus, Indiana, Pence graduated from Hanover College and then from the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law before entering private practice. He lost two House bids in 1988 and 1990 and was a conservative radio and television talk show host from 1994 to 1999. After being elected to the House in 2000, Pence represented Indiana's 2nd district from 2001 to 2003 and 6th district from 2003 to 2013. He chaired the Republican Study Committee from 2005 to 2007 and House Republican Conference from 2009 to 2011. He was elected governor of Indiana in 2012.

As governor, Pence initiated the largest tax cut in Indiana's history and pushed for more funding for private education initiatives. He signed bills intended to restrict abortions, including one that prohibited abortions if the reason for the procedure was the fetus's race, gender, or disability, and required funerary services for terminated fetuses, including those resulting from miscarriage;[1] this law was ruled unconstitutional by a federal judge and prevented from going into effect.[2][3] After Pence signed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, he encountered resistance from moderate members of his party, the business community, and LGBT advocates. The backlash against the bill led Pence to approve changes to the law to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and other criteria. He later became the running mate of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump, who went on to win the 2016 presidential election.

As vice president, Pence chaired the National Space Council following its reestablishment in 2017 and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, which was established in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Pence and Trump lost their bid for re-election in the 2020 presidential election to Joe Biden and Kamala Harris, although Trump's campaign refused to concede, made false or unproven allegations of election fraud and filed many unsuccessful lawsuits in multiple states. Despite Trump's urging to overturn the election results and the attack on the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, Pence oversaw the certification of Biden–Harris as the winner of the election.

He has since distanced himself from Trump, endorsing candidates in primary elections in opposition to those supported by Trump and criticizing the latter's conduct on the day of the attack. In June 2023, he launched a bid for the 2024 Republican presidential nomination, but withdrew by the end of October.[4]

Early life and education

 
Pence in Columbus North High School's 1977 yearbook

Pence was born on June 7, 1959, in Columbus, Indiana, one of six children of Ann Jane "Nancy" Cawley and Edward Joseph Pence Jr.,[5][6] who ran a group of gas stations.[7][8] His father served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War and received the Bronze Star in 1953, which Pence displays in his office along with its commendation letter and a reception photograph.[9] His father was of German and Irish descent and his mother is of Irish ancestry.[10] His paternal grandfather, Edward Joseph Pence Sr., worked in the Chicago stockyards.[11] He was named after his maternal grandfather, Richard Michael Cawley, who emigrated from Doocastle, County Mayo, Ireland, to the United States through Ellis Island and who became a bus driver in Chicago, Illinois.[12][13][14][15] His maternal grandmother's parents were from Doonbeg, County Clare, Ireland.[16][17]

Pence graduated from Columbus North High School in 1977. He earned a Bachelor of Arts in history from Hanover College in 1981, and a Juris Doctor from the Robert H. McKinney School of Law at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis in Indianapolis in 1986.[18] While at Hanover, he joined the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, where he became the chapter president.[19] After graduating from Hanover, he was an admissions counselor at the college from 1981 to 1983.[20] During his time at Hanover, Pence was a friend of future actor Woody Harrelson, whom he helped prepare to deliver a sermon as part of Harrelson's ministry studies. Harrelson later told late-night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel that he "'quite liked [Pence]' at the time".[21]

In his childhood and early adulthood, Pence was a Roman Catholic and a Democrat, as was the rest of his family.[22] He volunteered for the Bartholomew County Democratic Party in 1976 and voted for Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election,[23][14] and has said he was originally inspired to get involved in politics by people such as John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr.[23] While in college, Pence left the Catholic Church and became an evangelical, born-again Christian, to the disappointment of his mother.[23][14] His political views also started shifting to the right during this time in his life, something which Pence attributes to the "common-sense conservatism of Ronald Reagan" with which he began to identify.[23][24]

Early career and congressional campaigns

After graduating from law school in 1986, Pence was an attorney in private practice.[25] In 1988, Pence ran for Congress against Democratic incumbent Philip Sharp, but lost.[26] He ran against Sharp again in 1990, quitting his job in order to work full-time in the campaign, but once again was unsuccessful.[26] During the race, Pence used "political donations to pay the mortgage on his house, his personal credit card bill, groceries, golf tournament fees and car payments for his wife".[27] While the spending was not illegal at the time, it reportedly undermined his campaign.[27]

 
Pence with President Ronald Reagan at the White House in 1988

During the 1990 campaign, Pence ran a television advertisement in which an actor, dressed in a robe and headdress and speaking in a thick Middle Eastern accent, thanked his opponent, Sharp, for doing nothing to wean the United States off imported oil as chairman of a House subcommittee on energy and power.[27][28] In response to criticism, Pence's campaign responded that the advertisement was not about Arabs; rather, it concerned Sharp's lack of leadership.[27][28] In 1991, Pence wrote an essay, "Confessions of a Negative Campaigner", published in the Indiana Policy Review, in which he apologized for running negative ads against Sharp. Pence vowed to refrain from using insulting speech or running ads that belittle his adversaries.[29][30][27][31] Also taking place in 1991, he became the president of the Indiana Policy Review Foundation, a self-described free-market think tank and a member of the State Policy Network, a position he held until 1993.[32][33][34]

Shortly after his first congressional campaign in 1988, radio station WRCR-FM in Rushville, Indiana, hired Pence to host a weekly half-hour radio show, Washington Update with Mike Pence.[35] In 1992, Pence began hosting a daily talk show on WRCR, The Mike Pence Show, in addition to a Saturday show on WNDE in Indianapolis.[32][35][36][37] Pence called himself "Rush Limbaugh on decaf" since he considered himself politically conservative while not as bombastic as Limbaugh.[30][38] Beginning on April 11, 1994, Network Indiana syndicated The Mike Pence Show statewide.[39] With a 9:00 a.m. to noon (ET) time slot, the program reached as many as 18 radio stations in Indiana, including WIBC in Indianapolis.[32] From 1995, Pence also hosted a weekend public affairs TV show likewise titled The Mike Pence Show on Indianapolis TV station WNDY.[35][40] Pence ended his radio and television shows in 1999 to focus on his 2000 campaign for Congress, which he eventually won.[41]

U.S. House of Representatives (2001–2013)

Running for the U.S. House of Representatives again in 2000, he won the seat in Indiana's 2nd congressional district after six-year incumbent David M. McIntosh opted to run for governor of Indiana. The 2nd district (renumbered the 6th in 2002) comprised all or portions of 19 counties in eastern Indiana. As a new congressman, Pence adopted the slogan he had used on the radio, describing himself as "a Christian, a conservative and a Republican, in that order".[42] In 2016, House speaker Paul Ryan described Pence as a "principled conservative".[43] While in Congress, Pence belonged to the Tea Party Caucus.[44]

 
Pence as a U.S. Representative
during the 111th Congress

In his first year in office, Pence opposed President George W. Bush's No Child Left Behind Act in 2001,[45] as well as President Bush's Medicare prescription drug expansion in 2003.[46] Pence was re-elected four more times by comfortable margins. In the 2006, 2008, and 2010 House elections, he defeated Democrat Barry Welsh.[47][48][49]

 
Congressman Pence visits U.S. soldiers in Mosul, Iraq, in 2006.

Pence began to climb the party leadership structure and from 2005 to 2007 was chairman of the Republican Study Committee, a group of conservative House Republicans.[50] In November 2006, Pence announced his candidacy for leader of the Republican Party (minority leader) in the United States House of Representatives.[51] Pence's release announcing his run for minority leader focused on a "return to the values" of the Newt Gingrich-headed 1994 Republican Revolution.[51] However, he lost the bid to Representative John Boehner of Ohio by a vote of 168 for Boehner, 27 for Pence, and one for Representative Joe Barton of Texas.[52] In January 2009, Pence was elected as the Republican Conference chairman, the third-highest-ranking Republican leadership position at the time behind Minority Leader John Boehner and Republican Whip Eric Cantor. He ran unopposed and was elected unanimously. He was the first representative from Indiana to hold a House leadership position since 1981.[53] During Pence's twelve years in the House, he introduced 90 bills and resolutions; none became law.[54] His committee assignments in the House were the following:

In 2008, Esquire magazine listed Pence as one of the ten best members of Congress, writing that Pence's "unalloyed traditional conservatism has repeatedly pitted him against his party elders."[61] Pence was mentioned as a possible Republican candidate for president in 2008[62] and 2012.[63] In September 2010, he was the top choice for president in a straw poll conducted by the Values Voter Summit.[64][65] That same year, he was encouraged to run against incumbent Democratic senator Evan Bayh,[66][67][68] but opted not to enter the race,[69] even after Bayh unexpectedly announced that he would retire.[70]

2012 Indiana gubernatorial election

Main article: 2012 Indiana gubernatorial election
 
Pence was sworn in as governor of Indiana on January 14, 2013.

In May 2011, Pence announced that he would be seeking the Republican nomination for governor of Indiana in 2012.[71] Incumbent Republican Governor Mitch Daniels was term-limited. Pence ran on a platform that touted the successes of his predecessor and promised to continue educational reform and business deregulation of Daniels.[72][73] The Democratic nominee was former Indiana Speaker of the House John R. Gregg. Despite strong name recognition and a popular outgoing governor of the same party, Pence found himself in a heated race, eventually pulling out a close win with just under 50 percent of the vote, and less than 3% ahead of Gregg, with Libertarian nominee Rupert Boneham receiving most of the remaining votes.[74] It was the closest race in 50 years.[75]

Governor of Indiana (2013–2017)

Pence was sworn in as the 50th governor of Indiana on January 14, 2013.[76]

Fiscal and economic policy

Pence "inherited a $2 billion budget reserve from his predecessor, Mitch Daniels, and the state ... added to that reserve under his watch, though not before requiring state agencies, including public universities, to reduce funding in years in which revenue fell below projections."[77] The state finished fiscal year 2014 with a reserve of $2 billion; budget cuts ordered by Pence for the $14 billion annual state budget include $24 million cut from colleges and universities; $27 million cut from the Family and Social Services Administration (FSSA);[78] and $12 million cut from the Department of Correction.[79] During Pence's term as governor, the unemployment rate reflected the national average.[80] Indiana's job growth lagged slightly behind the national trend.[81] In 2014, Indiana's economy was among the slowest-growing in the United States, with 0.4 percent GDP growth, compared to the national average of 2.2 percent; this was attributed in part to a sluggish manufacturing sector.[82] Carrier Corp. and United Technologies Electronic Controls (UTEC) announced in 2016 that they would be closing two facilities in Indiana, sending 2,100 jobs to Mexico; the Trump campaign criticized the moves[83] and Pence expressed "deep disappointment".[84][85] Pence was unsuccessful in his efforts to persuade the companies to stay in the state, although the companies agreed to reimburse local and state governments for certain tax incentives they had received.[85][86] The Indiana Economic Development Corporation led by Pence had approved $24 million in incentives to ten companies who sent jobs abroad. $8.7 million had been paid out by August 2016.[83]

 
Governor Pence addresses Indiana State Military at the Indiana War memorial on Veterans Day, 2014.

In 2013, Pence signed a law blocking local governments in Indiana from requiring businesses to offer higher wages or benefits beyond those required by federal law. In 2015, Pence also signed the repeal an Indiana law that required construction companies working on publicly funded projects to pay a prevailing wage.[87][88][89][90] Indiana had enacted right-to-work legislation under Pence's predecessor, Republican governor Mitch Daniels. Under Pence, the state successfully defended this legislation against a labor challenge.[88] In 2013, Pence also announced the formation of the Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, a life sciences research facility supported with $25 million in startup funds from the state.[91]

Pence made tax reform, namely a ten percent income-tax rate cut, a priority for 2013.[92][93] While he did not get the ten percent cut he advocated, Pence did accomplish his goal of cutting state taxes.[92] Legislators cut the income tax by five percent and also killed the inheritance tax.[92] Speaker of the House Brian Bosma said the legislative package was the "largest tax cut in our state's history, about $1.1 billion dollars".[94] By signing Senate Bill 1, the state corporate income tax would be dropped from 6.5 percent to 4.9 percent by 2021, which would be the second-lowest corporate income tax in the nation.[95] The law also permitted Indiana counties to eliminate the business personal property tax on new equipment and let them exempt small businesses with less than $20,000 worth of equipment from paying personal property taxes.[95]

On June 12, 2013, the Indiana Legislature overrode Pence's veto of a bill to retroactively authorize a local tax. Lawmakers overrode his veto by a 68–23 vote in the House and a 34–12 one in the Senate.[96] Republican legislators overwhelmingly voted against Pence, while most Democrats supported his veto.[97] The Jackson–Pulaski tax fix, one of three bills vetoed by Pence during the session, addressed a 15-year-old county income tax that had been imposed to fund the construction of jail facilities with the stipulation that the tax be lowered by one percent after the first several years. The reduction had not been implemented and thus county residents had been paying an additional one percent tax that they were legally not required to pay. The bill, which was passed by a huge majority of legislators and subsequently vetoed by Pence, allowed money to be kept and not returned to the taxpayers as would have otherwise been necessary.[97][98]

As governor, Pence pressed for a balanced budget amendment to the state's constitution. He initially proposed the initiative in his State of the State address in January 2015. The legislation passed the state Senate.[99] Indiana has had AAA credit ratings with the three major credit-rating agencies since 2010, before Pence took office; these ratings were maintained throughout Pence's tenure.[100]

In 2014, Pence supported the Indiana Gateway project,[101] a $71.4 million passenger and freight rail improvement initiative paid for by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the federal stimulus package), which Pence had voted against while a congressman.[102] In October 2015, Pence "announced plans to pay off a $250 million federal loan" to cover unemployment insurance payments which had spiked during the recession.[77] In March 2016, Pence signed legislation to fund a $230 million two-year road-funding package.[77]

Education policy

During his tenure as governor, Pence supported significant increases in education funding to pre-schools, voucher programs, and charter schools, but frequently clashed with supporters of traditional public schools.[103][104] In 2014, a little over one year after taking office, Pence helped establish a $10-million state preschool pilot program in Indiana and testified personally before the state Senate Education Committee in favor of the program to convince fellow Republicans (several of whom opposed the proposal) to approve the plan.[103][104] Although the plan was initially defeated, Pence successfully managed to revive it, "getting Indiana off the list of just 10 states that spent no direct funds to help poor children attend preschool".[104] Demand for enrollment in the program "far outstripped" capacity, and Pence at first refused to apply for up to $80 million in federal Health and Human Services Preschool Development Grant program funding,[103] arguing that "Indiana must develop our own pre-K program without federal intrusion."[105] After coming under sustained criticism for this position, Pence reversed course and sought to apply for the funds.[103][106]

In 2015, Pence secured significant increases in charter-school funding from the legislation, although he did not get everything he had proposed.[104] Legislation signed into law by Pence in 2013 greatly increased the number of students in Indiana who qualify for school vouchers, making it one of the largest voucher programs in the United States.[107][108][109][110] The annual cost of the program was estimated to be $53 million for the 2015–2016 school year.[109][110]

Pence opposed the Common Core State Standards Initiative, calling for the repeal of the standards in his 2014 State of the State address. The Indiana General Assembly then passed a bill to repeal the standards, becoming the first state to do so.[103][104] In a televised interview appearance with Chris Matthews, Pence advocated eroding the teaching of science in public schools by putting religious creationism on a par with established science, accepting "creationist beliefs" as factual, and thus "teaching the controversy" over evolution and natural selection, and regarding the age of the Earth, and letting children decide for themselves what to believe.[111]

Despite successful advocacy for more funding for pre-schools, voucher programs, and charter schools, Pence has frequently clashed with teachers unions and supporters of public schooling.[103][104] In one of his first acts as governor, Pence removed control of the Educational Employment Relations Board, which was in charge of handling conflicts between unions and school boards, from Glenda Ritz, a Democrat who was the Indiana superintendent of public instruction (a separately elected position in the state).[112] Pence created a new "Center for Education and Career Innovation" (CECI) to coordinate efforts between schools and the private sector; Ritz opposed the center, viewing it as a "power grab" and encroachment on her own duties. Pence eventually disestablished the center in order to help defuse the conflict.[103][104] In May 2015, Pence signed a bill stripping Ritz of much of her authority over standardized testing and other education issues, and reconstituting the State Board of Education dominated by Pence appointees.[113] The bill also allowed the board to appoint a chairman other than the Superintendent of Public Instruction starting in 2017, and added the State Board of Education (controlled by Pence) as a "state educational authority" along with the Department of Education (controlled by Ritz) for purposes of accessing sensitive student data.[113] Pence and Ritz also clashed over non-binding federal guidelines that advised Indiana public schools must treat transgender students in a way that corresponds to their gender identity, even if their education files indicate a different gender.[114]

Energy and environment

During Pence's term in office, the Republican-controlled Indiana General Assembly "repeatedly tried to roll back renewable energy standards and successfully ended Indiana's energy efficiency efforts".[115] Pence has been an outspoken supporter of the coal industry, declaring in his 2015 State of the State address that "Indiana is a pro-coal state," expressing support for an "all-of-the-above energy strategy", and stating: "we must continue to oppose the overreaching schemes of the EPA until we bring their war on coal to an end."[115][116] In 2015, Pence sent a letter to President Obama denouncing the EPA's Clean Power Plan (which would regulate carbon emissions from existing power plants) and stating that Indiana would refuse to comply with the plan.[115][117] Indiana joined other states in a lawsuit seeking to invalidate the plan.[115] In 2016, Pence said that even if legal challenges failed, Indiana would continue to defy the rule and would not come up with its own plan to reduce emissions.[118]

Gun policy

In 2014, over the opposition of Indiana school organizations, Pence signed a bill which allows firearms to be kept in vehicles on school property.[119] In 2015, following a shooting in Chattanooga, Pence recruited the National Rifle Association to train the Indiana National Guard on concealed carry. Some National Guard officials from other states questioned why a civilian organization would be involved in a military issue.[120] In May 2015, Pence signed into law Senate Bill 98, which limited lawsuits against gun and ammunition manufacturers and sellers and retroactively terminated the City of Gary's still-pending 1999 lawsuit against gun manufacturers and retailers that allegedly made illegal sales of handguns.[121][122] The bill was supported by Republicans such as state senator Jim Tomes, who hoped the measure would attract more gun-related businesses to Indiana, but opposed by Gary mayor and former Indiana attorney general Karen Freeman-Wilson, who viewed the measure as "an unprecedented violation of the separation of powers between the legislative and judicial branches of state government".[122] In 2016, Pence signed Senate Bill 109 into law, legalizing the captive hunting of farm-raised deer in Indiana.[123]

Public health

 
Governor Pence at the dedication of a new veterans' clinic, March 2016

In 2009, parts of East Chicago were discovered to have toxic lead and arsenic contamination, and were designated a Superfund site. Governor Pence declined to declare the Superfund site a state emergency;[124] his successor Governor Eric Holcomb issued Executive Order 17–13, declaring a disaster emergency in East Chicago.[125][126] The site of several former lead smelting plants was first identified as a health concern by the EPA in 1997.[127]

Beginning in December 2014, there was an HIV outbreak in Southern Indiana.[128] In 2011, Planned Parenthood (PP) operated five rural clinics in Indiana. They tested for HIV and offered prevention, intervention and counseling to improve public health outcomes. The PP clinic in Scott County performed no abortions.[129] The Republican-controlled legislature and Pence defunded Planned Parenthood.[130] Scott County has been without an HIV testing center since 2013.[129] Pence had long been a vocal opponent of needle exchange programs, which allow drug users to trade in used syringes for sterile ones in order to stop the spread of diseases, despite solid scientific evidence that such programs prevent the spread of AIDS, Hepatitis B (HBV), and Hepatitis C (HCV), and do not increase drug abuse.[128] In March 2015, well after the outbreak began, Pence finally allowed at least five counties to open needle exchanges, but did not move to lift the state ban on funding for needle exchanges.[128] Critics say Pence's compromise had been ineffective because counties had no way to pay for needle exchanges themselves. Anesthesiologist Jerome Adams, then the Pence-appointed Indiana state health commissioner and later surgeon general of the United States during the Trump administration, defended Pence, arguing that publicly funded needle exchange programs are controversial in many conservative communities. During his time as Indiana State Health Commissioner, Adams—along with Governor Pence—delayed Indiana's efforts to deal with the largest HIV outbreak related to injection drug use in the history of the United States by stalling adoption of a needle exchange program. Adams said, "There are people who have real moral and ethical concerns about passing out needles to people with substance abuse problems. To be honest, I shared that sentiment."[131][132] When President Trump appointed Pence in 2020 to head the country's response to coronavirus, he touted his ostensible experience with quelling an epidemic of HIV in Indiana, in which Pence deliberately delayed his state government's response to the disease despite the recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control that needle exchange was an efficacious approach to reining in the spread of diseases. Pence had told lawmakers he would veto any bill they might pass that provided for such exchanges.[133][134]

In 2015, Pence and the Obama administration agreed to expand Medicaid in Indiana, in accordance with the Affordable Care Act.[135][136] As part of the expansion, called the Healthy Indiana Plan 2.0, Pence negotiated modifications to the program for Indiana that included co-payments by participants. The co-payments are linked to healthy behaviors on the part of the participants so that, for example, a participant who quit smoking would receive a lower co-payment. Participants can lose benefits for failing to make the payments.[137] The required contribution would be about 2% of income. Critics say those who already struggle to buy food and housing will have even more difficulty paying their 2%. One critic expressed concern that lower-income people may stay out of the program or avoid pursuing health care. A service provider said the program "wins the award for bureaucratic complexity and red tape".[138] In early 2017, Indiana submitted its application to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to renew Healthy Indiana, to show that the program was meeting its targets, as required for renewal. National Public Radio/Side Effects Public Media said the application used "misleading and inaccurate information".[139]

Religion and LGBT rights

See also: Religious Freedom Restoration Act (Indiana)
 
Pence addresses supporters at a church service, September 2016

On March 26, 2015, Pence signed Indiana Senate Bill 101, also known as the Indiana "religious objections" bill or Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), into law.[140] The move was praised by religious conservatives,[141] but criticized by people and groups who felt the law was carefully worded in a way that would permit discrimination against LGBT persons.[142][143][144][145] Such organizations as the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the gamer convention Gen Con, and the Disciples of Christ spoke out against the law. Apple CEO Tim Cook and Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff condemned the law, with the latter's company saying it would halt its plans to expand in the state.[146][147] Angie's List announced that they would cancel a $40 million expansion of their Indianapolis-based headquarters over concerns with the law. The expansion would have moved 1,000 jobs into the state.[148] Thousands protested against the policy.[142] Five Republican state representatives voted against the bill, and Greg Ballard, the Republican mayor of Indianapolis, criticized it as sending the "wrong signal" about the state.[149]

Pence defended the law, saying it was not about discrimination. In an appearance on the ABC News program This Week with George Stephanopoulos,[150] he said, "We are not going to change this law," while refusing to answer whether examples of discrimination against LGBT people given by Eric Miller of anti-LGBT group Advance America would be legal under the law.[151] Pence denied the law permitted discrimination and wrote in a March 31, 2015 Wall Street Journal op-ed, "If I saw a restaurant owner refuse to serve a gay couple, I wouldn't eat there anymore. As governor of Indiana, if I were presented a bill that legalized discrimination against any person or group, I would veto it."[152] In the wake of the backlash against the RFRA, on April 2, 2015, Pence signed legislation revising the law to protect against potential discrimination.[153] Pence received heavy criticism from liberals at the time of signing the religious freedom law, who labeled him as anti-gay. In 2018, emails released to the Associated Press showed that conservatives had similarly opposed his support of the subsequent changes to the law.[154]

Abortion

In March 2016, as Indiana governor, Pence signed into law H.B. 1337, a bill that both banned certain abortion procedures and placed new restrictions on abortion providers. The bill banned abortion if the reason for the procedure given by the woman was the fetus' race or gender or a fetal abnormality. In addition, the bill required that all fetal remains from abortions or miscarriages at any stage of pregnancy be buried or cremated, which according to the Guttmacher Institute was not required in any other state.[155][156][157] The law was described as "exceptional for its breadth"; if implemented, it would have made Indiana "the first state to have a blanket ban on abortions based solely on race, sex or suspected disabilities, including evidence of Down syndrome".[156] Days after the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt, a federal court issued a preliminary injunction blocking the bill from taking effect, with U.S. district judge Tanya Walton Pratt determining that the bill was likely to be unconstitutional and that the State of Indiana would be unlikely to prevail at trial.[156] The abortion bill was subsequently ruled unconstitutional in April 2018 by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.[158]

Media and the press

 
Pence at the 500 Festival Parade in Indianapolis, 2015

In June 2013, Pence was criticized for deleting comments of others posted on his official government Facebook page; he subsequently apologized.[159]

On January 26, 2015, it was widely reported that Pence had planned to launch a state-run, taxpayer-funded news service for Indiana.[160] The service, called "JustIN", was to be overseen by a former reporter for The Indianapolis Star, and would feature breaking news, stories written by press secretaries, and light features.[160] At the time, it was reported that the two employees who would run the news service would be paid a combined $100,000 yearly salary.[160] The target audience was small newspapers which had limited staff, but the site would also serve to communicate directly with the public. The publisher of the Commercial Review of Portland, Indiana, said, "I think it's a ludicrous idea ... the notion of elected officials presenting material that will inevitably have a pro-administration point of view is antithetical to the idea of an independent press."[160] There was speculation that the news service would publish pro-administration stories that would make Pence look good in the event of a presidential run.[161]

According to the Associated Press, the idea "of stories prewritten for the media set off a wave of criticism from journalists around the country, who likened the Indiana endeavor to state-run media in Russia and China. Headlines like 'Pravda in the Plains' accompanied calls for Pence to scrap the idea."[162] David A. Graham of The Atlantic regarded the announcement of JustIN as evidence of a disturbing changing trend in how the public gets news.[163] After a week or so of controversy about the idea, Pence scrapped the idea saying, "However well-intentioned, after thorough review of the preliminary planning and careful consideration of the concerns expressed, I am writing you to inform you that I have made a decision to terminate development of the JustIN website immediately."[164]

Syrian refugee crisis

As governor, Pence attempted unsuccessfully to prevent Syrian refugees from being resettled in Indiana.[165] In February 2016, a federal judge ruled that Pence's order to cut off federal funds for a local non-profit refugee resettlement agency was unconstitutional; Pence has appealed.[165] In December 2015, Pence said that "calls to ban Muslims from entering the U.S. are offensive and unconstitutional".[166]

Public-records requests and use of private email

Pence "repeatedly stonewalled public records requests as governor, often withholding documents or delaying their release if not denying them outright".[167][168][169] As governor, Pence routinely used a personal AOL email account to conduct official business, according to public records. In 2016, hackers compromised the account and used it to send fraudulent emails in an attempt to obtain money from Pence's contacts.[170] While Pence's use of a private email account for state business is not prohibited by Indiana law, some of the emails discussed sensitive matters and homeland security issues.[171] In March 2017, after Pence had become vice president, the State of Indiana released 29 emails to media outlets that had made public records requests, but withheld an undisclosed number of other emails, saying they were deliberative or advisory and thus exempt from public disclosure.[171] Cybersecurity experts and government transparency advocates were surprised by Pence's use of a personal email account to conduct public business, given Pence's past attacks on Hillary Clinton's use of a private email server while U.S. secretary of state.[171] In 2017, Indiana hired a private law firm for $100,000 to handle a backlog of public-records requests for Pence's personal AOL account email correspondence.[167]

Re-election campaign and withdrawal

Main article: 2016 Indiana gubernatorial election

Pence ran for a second term as governor and was unopposed in the Republican primary on May 3, 2016. He was to face Democrat John R. Gregg in a rematch of the 2012 race. However, Pence filed paperwork ending his campaign on July 15, 2016, as Trump announced his selection of Pence as his vice presidential running mate.[172] Lieutenant Governor Eric Holcomb was nominated in Pence's place, and selected Suzanne Crouch as his running mate.[173][174] Holcomb went on to defeat Gregg in the general election.[175]

2016 vice presidential campaign

See also: 2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection and Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign
 
Pence speaks at a campaign rally in Phoenix, Arizona, August 2016.

Shortly before the 2016 Indiana Republican presidential primary, Pence endorsed Texas U.S. Senator Ted Cruz, who would lose the primary to Trump.[62] Pence then endorsed Trump after the latter became the party's presumptive nominee for president of the United States.[176]

Donald Trump considered naming Pence as his vice presidential running mate along with other finalists including New Jersey governor Chris Christie and former House speaker Newt Gingrich.[177] Pence had stronger connections at the time to the politically influential big donors, the Kochs, than Trump did.[178][11][179][180][181] It was widely reported on July 14 that Pence planned to end his re-election campaign and accept the Republican vice presidential nomination instead.[182] The following day, Trump officially announced on Twitter that Pence would be his running mate.[183][184][185]

Immediately after the announcement, Pence said he was "very supportive of Donald Trump's call to temporarily suspend immigration from countries where terrorist influence and impact represents a threat to the United States".[186] Pence said he was "absolutely" in sync with Trump's Mexican wall proposal, saying Mexico was "absolutely" going to pay for it.[187]

According to a FiveThirtyEight rating of candidates' ideology, Pence was the most conservative vice-presidential candidate in the last 40 years.[188]

Pence called Dick Cheney his role model for vice president.[189]

During Pence's preparations for the vice presidential debate in October 2016, Wisconsin governor Scott Walker played the role of Democratic vice presidential nominee Tim Kaine.[190] In Kaine's own debate prep, lawyer Robert Barnett was selected to play Pence.[191] Following the debate, experts concluded Pence won against Kaine, with a CNN poll showing 48 percent of viewers thought Pence won and 42 percent believing Kaine won.[192] Pence's "cooler" temperament was seen as an advantage compared to Kaine, who was perceived as more hotheaded.[193][194]

On October 7, 2016, lewd comments made by Donald Trump in 2005 surfaced and gained heavy media attention.[195] That day, Pence said to reporters, "I do not condone his remarks and cannot defend them," but made clear that he was standing by Trump.[196] In response to the revelation, Paul Ryan "uninvited" Trump from what would have been a joint campaign event. The Trump campaign attempted to substitute Pence for Trump at the event,[197] but according to The New York Times, Pence called Trump on October 8 and told him that he (Pence) would not appear at the event, and that Trump would need to handle the next 48 hours on his own, as Pence did not think he would be an effective surrogate for Trump.[198]

According to Bob Woodward's 2018 book Fear: Trump in the White House, in the midst of the scandal, then-Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus told Trump he should drop out of the race for the good of the party, and that Pence had agreed to replace Trump on the top of the ticket as the Republican presidential nominee, with former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice agreeing to be Pence's running mate.[199]

On October 10, 2016, Pence appeared on CNN and said, in response to rumors that he was leaving the ticket, that it was "absolutely false to suggest that at any point in time we considered dropping off this ticket" and that it is the "greatest honor of my life" to be nominated as Trump's running mate.[200]

On November 8, 2016, Pence was elected vice president of the United States as Trump's running mate.[201]

Vice presidency (2017–2021)

 
Pence being sworn in as vice president by Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas on January 20, 2017

Soon after the election, he was appointed chairman of President-elect Trump's transition team.[202] During the transition phase of the Trump administration, Pence was reported as holding a large degree of influence in the administration due to his roles as a mediator between Trump and congressional Republicans, for reassuring conservatives about Trump's conservative credentials, and his influence in determining Donald Trump's cabinet.[203][204]

Inauguration

Further information: Inauguration of Donald Trump

On January 20, 2017, at noon, Pence became the 48th vice president of the United States, sworn into the office by justice Clarence Thomas, using Reagan's Bible, opened to 2 Chronicles 7:14, "If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land," which is the same verse Reagan used for his swearing-ins as governor and president. Pence also used his personal Bible which he opens every morning.[205]

Advisors and staff

  • Chief of staff: Marc Short[206]
  • National security advisor: Keith Kellogg[206]
  • Legal counsel: Gregory Jacob[206]
  • Chief of staff to Mrs. Karen Pence: Jana Toner[206]
  • Deputy national security advisor: Stephen Pinkos[206]
  • Director of advance: Aaron Chang[206]
  • Director of policy: John Gray[206]
  • Director of public liaison and intergovernmental affairs: Paul Teller[206]
  • Deputy director of public liaison and intergovernmental affairs: Andeliz Castillo[206]
  • Press secretary: Katie Waldman[206]
  • Director of legislative affairs: Christopher Hodgson[206]
  • Deputy director of legislative affairs: Benjamin Cantrell[206]
  • Director of administration and finance: Katherine Purucker[206]
  • Director of scheduling: Bethany Scully[206]
  • Special assistant: Zach Bauer[206]

Tenure

See also: Presidency of Donald Trump
 
Pence with Trump in 2019

On the first day in office (January 20), Pence performed various ceremonial duties, including swearing in Jim Mattis as United States secretary of defense and John Kelly as secretary of homeland security.[207] He also administered the oath of office to the White House senior staff on January 22, 2017.[208]

Pence also sat in on calls made by President Trump to foreign heads of government and state such as Russian president Vladimir Putin[209] and Australian prime minister Malcolm Turnbull.[210][211]

In January, Pence appointed Josh Pitcock as his chief of staff, whom he had known from his gubernatorial and congressional days.[212] The following month, Jarrod Agen was tapped as deputy assistant to the president and director of communications to the vice president; his previous job being chief of staff for governor of Michigan Rick Snyder through the time of the Flint water crisis.[213] In July, Pitcock stepped down as chief of staff, and was succeeded in the position by Nick Ayers, another longtime Pence advisor.[214]

On February 5, 2017, Pence warned Iran "not to test the resolve" of the new Trump administration following their ballistic missile tests.[215]

On February 7, 2017, Pence, in his dual constitutional role as president of the United States Senate made the first ever tie-breaking vote to confirm a Cabinet member.[216][217] He cast the deciding vote to break a fifty-fifty tie to confirm Betsy DeVos as the secretary of education.[218] Pence cast his second tie-breaking vote on March 30, voting to advance a bill to defund Planned Parenthood.[219] In 2018, Pence broke a tie to confirm Jonathan A. Kobes for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. This was the first ever tie-breaking vote to confirm a judicial nominee in U.S. history. In total, Pence had cast 13 tie-breaking votes, seventh-most in history and more than his previous four predecessors (Joe Biden, Dick Cheney, Al Gore and Dan Quayle) cast combined (Cheney broke eight ties, Gore broke four ties, and Quayle and Biden did not cast a tie-breaking vote).

In April, Pence made a tour of the Asia-Pacific region. In South Korea, he met acting president Hwang Kyo-ahn and condemned North Korea's latest missile launch.[220][221][222] In Japan, Pence met Prime Minister Shinzō Abe and pledged to work with Japan, South Korea, and China "to achieve a peaceable resolution and the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula," adding "The era of strategic patience is over and while all options are on the table."[223][224] Pence subsequently traveled to Jakarta, Indonesia, where he met with president Joko Widodo, toured the largest mosque in the region (the Istiqlal Mosque), and praised moderate Islam.[225][226] Pence ended his trip with stops in Sydney, Australia (where, after meeting with Malcolm Turnbull, he said the U.S. "intends to honor" a U.S.–Australia refugee resettlement agreement),[227] and Oahu, Hawaii and American Samoa.[228]

On May 21, 2017, Pence delivered the commencement address at the University of Notre Dame. Traditionally, the president delivers the address at Notre Dame in his inaugural year, but in 2017 Pence was invited instead when Trump decided to speak at Liberty University.[229][230][231][232]

 
Vice President Mike Pence, Second Lady Karen Pence, and Major General Courtney P. Carr stand for the National Anthem.

On June 30, 2017, Pence was appointed chair of the National Space Council after Trump signed an executive order reestablishing the council.[233] As chair, Pence held eight meetings from 2017 to 2020.[234]

On October 8, 2017, Pence walked out of a game between the NFL's Indianapolis Colts and San Francisco 49ers after members of the 49ers knelt during the national anthem. Shortly afterwards, Pence commented via Twitter, "President Trump and I will not dignify any event that disrespects our soldiers, our Flag, or our National Anthem," adding, "While everyone is entitled to their own opinion, I don't think it's too much to ask NFL players to respect the flag and our national anthem."[235] Pence was widely criticized by various people for what was considered a publicity stunt. Democratic representative Adam Schiff (CA-28) questioned how much taxpayer's money was used to fund Pence's actions,[236] and CNN later estimated that the total cost of his eight hours of travel on Air Force Two to attend the game was about $242,500, not including ground transportation and security.[237] 49ers safety Eric Reid (the second NFL player after Colin Kaepernick to participate in the protests) told reporters it was predictable that Pence would walk out, knowing that most of the team were protesting.[236] Reid also expressed doubt over the regularity Pence is in terms of attending Colts matches, and referenced a photograph of the vice president and his wife in Colts uniform that had been tweeted before the match,[236] although the official photograph (right) proved otherwise. The photograph in question was first published in 2014.[238] Sportswriter Peter King wrote that the furor surrounding Pence had overshadowed Peyton Manning, who was being honored by the Colts, saying, "Pence trumped a day that belonged to the greatest football hero the state of Indiana has ever seen, and he did it for political purposes ... he stole Manning's last great day as a Colt. [He] will have to live with himself for that."[236] The following year, Pence reacted positively on Twitter, after NFL owners unanimously decided to approve a new policy requiring all players to stand (or, given the option to stay in the locker room) during the national anthem, despite not consulting the NFL Players Association.[239]

 
Pence with South Korean president Moon Jae-in at the 2018 Winter Olympics

On February 1, 2018, it was announced that Pence would lead the presidential delegation to the 2018 Winter Olympics, alongside his wife.[240] Much of Pence's time at Pyeongchang was affected by the ongoing North Korean crisis. Prior to the opening ceremony, on February 9, Pence skipped on a dinner held by South Korean president Moon Jae-in, as he would have shared a table with North Korea's ceremonial head of state Kim Yong-nam.[241] Instead, he met with four North Korean defectors in Pyeongtaek, alongside his special guest, Fred Warmbier (the father of Otto Warmbier, who was arrested in North Korea for attempted theft, and sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment, before returning to the U.S. in a comatose state).[242][243][244] At the ceremony, the Pences were seated in front of the North Korean delegates, and when North and South Korean athletes entered during the Parade of Athletes, they chose to stay seated, which prompted critics to accuse Pence of hypocrisy in regards to the NFL protests.[245][246] Pence was supposed to meet with the North Koreans on February 10, but they pulled out at the last day.[247]

 
Pence (second from left) during the U.S. military raid on ISIL leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi on October 26, 2019

Over the next few months, the North Koreans started communicating more with their neighbors, as Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un secretly met with Chinese paramount leader Xi Jinping in March and then Moon Jae-in in an historic inter-Korean summit in April,[248][249] and around the same time, a meeting between Trump and Kim was also proposed. On May 10, Pence accompanied Trump to Andrews Air Force Base as three American citizens were released by North Korea, and in an early morning interview with ABC's Jonathan Karl, he said seeing the men back on American soil "was really one of the greatest joys of my life".[250][251] Talks broke down later that month following comments made by Pence and Trump, comparing the situation to events in Libya seven years previous, despite their voluntary disarmament of nuclear weapons in 2003.[252] North Korean vice foreign minister Choe Son-hui called Pence's remarks "ignorant and stupid".[253] On May 24, Trump abruptly called off the summit with Pence in attendance,[252] only for him to change his mind a day later,[254] later announcing that it would still be scheduled to take place on June 12 in Singapore.[255]

 
Former Vice President and fellow Hoosier Dan Quayle and Marilyn Quayle with Pence in 2019

In September 2019, Pence attended official meetings with Irish prime minister Leo Varadkar in Dublin, Ireland but stayed at President Trump's resort in Doonbeg, 180 miles (290 km) away. Pence's schedule included four hours spent in transit in one day, and two flights on Air Force Two before the end of the next day. Costs for the limousine service alone totaled $599,000 according to State Department receipts, compared to President Obama's three-day trip to Dublin with the same limousine company totaling $114,000.[256][257]

In February 2020, Pence defended debt- and deficit-spending as a measure to stimulate economic growth.[258]

Political action committee

In May 2017, Pence filed Federal Election Commission paperwork to form Great America Committee, a political action committee (PAC) that would be headed by his former campaign staffers Nick Ayers and Marty Obst.[259][260] Pence is the only vice president to have started his own PAC while still in office.[261] Pence denied a New York Times article's allegations that he would run for president in 2020, calling them "laughable and absurd", and said the article was "disgraceful and offensive".[262]

Pence and the Trump impeachment inquiry

Pence was a key player in the Trump-Ukraine scandal and the Trump impeachment inquiry. Pence had at least two phone conversations and an in-person meeting with Volodymyr Zelensky, President of Ukraine. Pence met with Zelensky in Poland on September 1, 2019, during an unexpected delay in U.S. military aid to Ukraine. Pence later told the press that he did not mention 2020 presidential candidate and former vice president Joe Biden to Zelensky, but raised issues regarding Ukrainian corruption.[263]

After the inquiry was opened, Pence publicly stated his support of Trump's call for foreign investigation into Joe Biden and his son Hunter, saying, "I think the American people have a right to know if the vice president of the United States or his family profited from his position."[264] On October 3, Pence stated, "My predecessor had a son who was paid $50,000 a month to be on a Ukrainian board at the time that Vice President Biden was leading the Obama administration's efforts in Ukraine, I think [that] is worth looking into."[265]

Death of Soleimani

Pence defended Trump's decision in January 2020 to assassinate the Iranian major general in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Qasem Soleimani, promoting conspiracy theories that supposedly linked the al-Qaeda attacks on the United States to Iran. In a series of tweets, the vice president termed Soleimani "an evil man who was responsible for killing thousands of Americans". Pence insisted Soleimani had "assisted in the clandestine travel to Afghanistan of 10 of the 12 terrorists who carried out the September 11 terrorist attacks", which critics said was his confusing the number of 9/11 hijackers (actually 19) and insinuating (without evidence) that the general was involved. Many experts responded that Pence's claims were unsubstantiated.[266] Pence's spokeswoman Katie Waldman said that the dozen terrorists Pence referred to were those who had traveled through Afghanistan, ten of whom "were assisted by Soleimani".[267]

COVID-19 pandemic

 
Pence and members of the White House Coronavirus Task Force brief the media in March 2020.

On February 26, 2020, President Trump named Pence as the leader of the White House Coronavirus Task Force to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.[268] Various public health officials and members of Congress had suggested the selection of a "Coronavirus Czar", though Trump said that would not be the title's name.[269] As the leader of the task force, Pence coordinated efforts with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Department of Homeland Security, and White House Office.[270][271]

In April 2020, Pence exempted himself from the Mayo Clinic's policy of wearing a face mask in the hospital during a visit. Pence defended his action, saying he needed to look staff "in the eye".[272] The next day, the vice president's opponents criticized him for promoting "completely irresponsible public health messaging".[273] Later, Pence acknowledged he should have worn a mask during the hospital visit, and did so two days later when visiting a ventilator production facility.[274]

In late June 2020, as coronavirus cases were spiking, Pence gave an optimistic press briefing where he made several misleading and false claims about the state of the coronavirus pandemic.[275][276] He misleadingly argued that surges in cases were the result of increased testing, telling reporters that increases in new cases were "a reflection of a great success in expanding testing across the country".[276] However, health experts noted that case growth outpaced the number of tests, and that the share of positive tests was increasing.[277] Pence also falsely claimed that coronavirus fatalities were declining all across the country (Statistics here), that the curve had been flattened, and that all 50 states were opening up.[276] In private meetings with Republican Senators, Pence urged them to focus on "encouraging signs". Pence told the senators that cases were increasing in only 3% of counties and 12 states; however, data at the time showed that cases were increasing in at least 5% of counties and in at least 20 states.[278] On December 18, the Pences received the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, in front of a live audience at a televised event to show Americans that the vaccine is safe and effective.[279][280][281]

2020 vice presidential election

See also: Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign and 2020 United States presidential election

Ahead of his presidential campaign on February 28, 2019, Joe Biden referred to Pence as a "decent guy" in a speech in Omaha, Nebraska, when making an anecdote about an audience falling silent after Pence mentioned Trump's name. Biden later faced criticism for his complimentary remarks due to Pence's alleged anti-LGBT positions, which Biden would later apologize for and clarify by saying, "I was making a point in a foreign policy context, that under normal circumstances a Vice President wouldn't be given a silent reaction on the world stage." Biden had previously referred to Pence as a "decent guy" in 2018, and Pence and Biden exchanged conversations via phone before Pence's 2017 transition into the vice presidency.[282]

In June 2019, the Democratic former New York City Council president Andrew Stein opined that Trump could improve his re-election chances by replacing Pence as his running mate with former South Carolina governor and former United States ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley.[283] Despite that, Trump said Pence will be his running mate. He declined to endorse Pence should his running mate seek in 2024 to succeed him, but said he would give it "very strong consideration".[284]

In remarks about law enforcement during the 2020 Republican convention, Pence said a federal security officer, Dave Underwood, "was shot and killed during the riots in Oakland", implying he was killed by rioters, when instead a man linked to the far-right Boogaloo movement had exploited the unrest as a cover for murder.[285][286][287]

On October 7, 2020, Pence participated in a debate with Kamala Harris that was held by USA Today in Salt Lake City, Utah, and moderated by Susan Page, the Washington bureau chief of the newspaper. The debate was held with adaptations designed to avoid contagion of the COVID-19 virus given that the vice president had been in close contact with people who had been infected at a recent event at the White House. Plexiglas partitions separated the candidates and masks were required for all attending except the candidates and moderator.[288][a] By some estimates, Pence interrupted Harris twice as much as she interrupted him.[289] Media outlets noted that near the end of the debate, a fly landed on Pence's head for almost two minutes.[290][291] A CNN poll found that 59% of registered voters felt that Harris had won the debate, while 38% felt that Pence had.[289]

On November 7, 2020, after several days of vote counting, Biden and Harris were declared by most major news networks to be the winners of the election.[292] On December 14 the Electoral College confirmed the win, giving the Biden-Harris campaign 306 votes compared to 232 for the Trump–Pence campaign,[293] however, Trump refused to concede and insisted that he had actually won. Throughout November and December Trump and his campaign filed more than 50 lawsuits alleging election fraud and other irregularities; all of them were eventually rejected by judges.[294] Trump also pressured Republican officials, lawmakers and even the Justice Department to take actions to overturn the election.[295]

In late December 2020, a federal lawsuit was filed against Pence by Republican congressman Louie Gohmert and 11 Arizona Republicans who would have become presidential electors had Trump actually won Arizona. The plaintiffs sought to give the vice president the power to reject state certified presidential electors in favour of "competing slates of electors" so that Biden's victory over Trump could be overturned.[296][297][298] The United States Department of Justice represented Pence in this case, and argued for its dismissal, stating that the lawsuit was a "walking legal contradiction" because it sought to grant power to the vice president, while suing the vice president.[298] Within a week, the lawsuit was dismissed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, and the appeal was rejected by a United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit panel, both due to the plaintiffs' lack of standing.[299] Gohmert then appealed to the Supreme Court, which on January 7 tersely "denied" his petition.[300]

Vote counting and storming of the Capitol

Main article: January 6 United States Capitol attack

In January 2021, Trump began to pressure Pence to take action to overturn the election. As vice president, Pence presided over the January 6, 2021, Congressional Joint Session to count the electoral votes—normally a non-controversial, ceremonial event. For days beforehand, Trump declared both in public and in private that Pence should use that position to overturn the election results in swing states and declare Trump–Pence the winners of the election.[301] Pence demurred that the United States constitution did not give him that power, but Trump falsely insisted that "The Vice President and I are in total agreement that the Vice President has the power to act."[302] According to The New York Times, multiple sources claim that Trump called Pence before he departed to certify the results urging him again one last time ultimately telling him, "You can either go down in history as a patriot, or you can go down in history as a pussy."[303] Before the start of the Joint Session, Pence stated in a "Dear Colleague" letter that the Constitution prevented him from deciding which electoral votes counted and which did not.[304]

On January 6, 2021, the day on which a joint session of Congress met to count and certify the results of the electoral college for the 2020 presidential election, Trump held a rally at which he urged listeners to go to the Capitol and repeatedly expressed the hope that Pence would "do the right thing".[305] Many listeners then marched to the Capitol and stormed it. A Reuters photographer overheard three rioters saying they wanted to seize Pence and hang him, while many others chanted their desire to hang Pence.[306][307][308][309]

On January 15, The Washington Post reported that Pence came "dangerously close" to the rioters during their occupation of the Capitol. Pence was not evacuated from the Senate chambers until 14 minutes after the initial breach of the Capitol was reported. He and his family were eventually ushered from the Senate chambers into a second-floor hideaway. One minute later, the mob rushed onto a stair landing only 100 feet away, from which they could have seen him enter the room if they had arrived a minute earlier.[310] After his evacuation from the Senate chambers, his Secret Service detail wanted to move him away from the Capitol building but he refused to get in the car.[311] Pence later approved the deployment of the National Guard, which raised questions as the vice president is not the commander-in-chief.[312][313] After the Capitol was cleared, Congress resumed its joint session, and officially certified the election results with Pence declaring Biden and Harris the winners.[307]

 
Pence and his wife Karen at the inauguration of Joe Biden

During the siege, Trump criticized Pence as lacking "courage".[314] Earlier L. Lin Wood, a lawyer associated with Trump, had called for Pence to be "executed" by "firing squad".[315][316] In spite of the threats against Pence, Trump never reached out to Pence or inquired about his safety during the attack on the Capitol, according to sources close to the vice president.[317][318] Aides believed that Pence was being set up as a scapegoat for Trump's failure to overturn the results of the election.[319] Pence was described as very angry with Trump.[320] The two did not speak for several days, until January 11 when they met at the White House to discuss the prior week's Capitol siege and the final days of their administration.[321]

On January 20, Pence attended the inauguration of Joe Biden as president of the United States, unlike Trump. Afterwards, he left the Capitol with his successor, Kamala Harris.[322]

Post-vice presidency (2021–present)

Pence did not have a permanent place of residence in Indiana when he left the vice presidency. Official records indicated that Pence had not owned a residence in Indiana since 2013, having lived in the governor's mansion and then the vice president's residence in Washington. As a result, for several months after leaving office, he and his wife stayed at residences owned by various Indiana Republican politicians. It is believed that he was at one time staying in a cabin owned by his former lieutenant governor, Indiana Governor Eric Holcomb.[323][324] In May 2021, the Pences bought a home in Carmel, Indiana.[325]

In February 2021, it was announced that Pence would join The Heritage Foundation as a distinguished visiting fellow.[326] He also joined the Young America's Foundation conservative youth organization, with plans to launch a new podcast with the group in the coming months.[327] In March 2021, Pence published an op-ed on a Heritage Foundation website in which he noted "significant voting irregularities and numerous instances of officials setting aside state election law" during the 2020 election.[328] At speaking engagements in the months after the end of the Trump administration, Pence spoke with reverence of the former president.[329]

 
Pence speaking to an audience in Nebraska City in September 2021

Pence narrated a four-part television series on the career of right-wing radio host Rush Limbaugh titled Age of Rush, which debuted on Fox Nation in March 2021.[330] Pence had previously cited Limbaugh as an inspiration for his career in talk radio and then in politics.[331] In April 2021, it was reported that Pence signed a deal with publisher Simon & Schuster for two books, including an autobiography that is set to be published in 2023.[332]

The day the Supreme Court overturned Roe in June 2022, Pence told Breitbart News: "Roe v. Wade has been consigned to the ash heap of history...Having been given this second chance for life, we must not rest and must not relent until the sanctity of life is restored to the center of American law in every state in the land."[333]

Pence appeared in the July 2022 documentary Unprecedented.[334]

In October 2022, Pence condemned "unprincipled populism" and "Putin apologists" in the Republican Party.[335]

Since leaving the vice presidency, Pence has distanced himself from Trump's attempts to cast doubt on the 2020 presidential election and made high-profile speeches in early nominating states.[336] Pence has also separated himself from Trump by endorsing candidates in several Republican primary elections in opposition to the candidate endorsed by Trump.[337] In the primary for governor of Georgia, Pence endorsed incumbent governor Brian Kemp over the Trump-backed candidate, former senator David Perdue. This was described as "a proxy battle" between Pence and Trump, with Pence's candidate Kemp winning the nomination easily.[336] In the 2022 Arizona gubernatorial election, Pence endorsed Karrin Taylor Robson while Trump endorsed Kari Lake. In the 2022 Wisconsin gubernatorial election Pence endorsed former Lieutenant Governor Rebecca Kleefisch; Trump supported businessman Tim Michels.[338]

On February 9, 2023, it was reported that Pence had been subpoenaed by special counsel Jack Smith regarding the attack on the Capitol, following months of negotiation between Pence's attorneys and the special counsel.[339][340] After several unsuccessful challenges to the subpoena by Pence's lawyers and by Trump himself, Pence testified before the grand jury on April 27, 2023, saying "We'll obey the law, we'll tell the truth."[341]

The same day as the subpoena was reported, Pence released a statement expressing support for "parental rights", especially regarding how teachers treat children who express different gender identities, which he described as left-wing efforts "to indoctrinate our children behind parents' backs." The statement was released through Advancing American Freedom, a communications group he founded in 2021 with political donations.[342]

Classified documents investigation

Main article: Mike Pence classified documents incident

In January 2023, after classified documents were found at the home of President Joe Biden, Pence asked his lawyer to search his home "out of an abundance of caution". The attorney found around a dozen documents marked as classified in Pence's Indiana home and turned over the documents to the FBI. The discovery came after Pence had repeatedly said that he did not have classified documents.[343] Pence has taken responsibility for the documents and said that he was unaware of his possession of them. The FBI and the Justice Department's National Security Division reviewed the incident. Pence indicated he would "fully cooperate".[344] On February 10, the FBI searched his home.[345] In June, the Department of Justice notified Pence that its investigation had ended and that no charges would be brought forward.[346]

2024 presidential campaign

Main article: Mike Pence 2024 presidential campaign
 
Pence greeting supporters in Iowa, July 2023

Polls of Republicans in 2021 regarding their preferred presidential candidate in 2024 implied that Pence could begin a campaign as a top-tier candidate if former President Trump were to forgo a run.[347][348] At the same time, said polling also foretold a precipitous decline in Pence's polling numbers if Trump were to seek the presidency again.[349] In light of this, there was a widespread view among both Republican leaders and grassroots Republicans that "Pence is dead in the early waters of 2024."[350]

In May 2022, The New York Times reported that Pence was considering a presidential run regardless of whether Trump decided to run for a second term.[336]

In 2023, Pence criticized former President Donald Trump, especially regarding the events that took place on January 6, 2021. While speaking at a Gridiron dinner, an event attended by politicians and journalists, Pence said that Trump was wrong to suggest that Pence had a right to overturn the election results. Pence went further, saying that Trump's words not only endangered him, but his family and everyone at the Capitol. Much of the rhetoric was believed to be a lead-up to Pence's potential run for the Republican nomination heading into the 2024 presidential election.[351]

On June 5, 2023, Pence filed paperwork and officially launched his bid for the presidency.[352] In July, Pence became the first 2024 Republican presidential candidate to visit Ukraine, where he met President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.[353]

On October 28, Pence, who had weak fundraising and poll numbers, withdrew from the race. Much of his campaigning had taken place in Iowa.[354]

Personal life

 
Mike and Karen Pence with their children and daughter-in-law at the 2017 Presidential Inauguration Parade

Pence and his wife, Karen (née Batten), met while he was in law school at Indiana University.[14] They were married in 1985. Pence's father died in 1988, leaving his mother a widow with four grown children and two teenagers. Mike and Karen Pence have three children: Michael, Charlotte, and Audrey.[355][356] Michael Pence is a first lieutenant and pilot in the United States Marine Corps.[357][358][359] During Pence's service in the House, his family lived in Arlington, Virginia when Congress was in session and in Columbus, Indiana, during recesses.[8][18] During an interview in 2002, Pence told a reporter that he would not have dinner alone with a woman other than his wife.[360] On May 1, 2004, Pence's mother remarried – this time to Basil Coolidge Fritsch, a widower since 2001.[361][362] In 2018, Pence's oldest brother, Greg, entered and won the political race to represent Indiana's 6th congressional district in Congress (the seat previously held by Mike).[363][364] Greg and Mike are similar enough in appearance that Greg once successfully acted as a decoy to lure the press away from his brother when Mike Pence was being touted as a potential running mate to Donald Trump.[365][366]

In 2016 he was diagnosed with asymptomatic left bundle branch block.[367][368] In April 2021, Pence underwent surgery for a pacemaker implant due to a slow heartbeat.[369][370]

The family's pet rabbit, Marlon Bundo, was the subject of a children's book authored by Pence's daughter, Charlotte.[371]

Religion

Pence was raised in a Catholic family, was as an altar server, and attended parochial school.[42][372] He became a born-again Christian in college, while a member of a nondenominational Christian student group, and identified his first year—and specifically "a Christian music festival in Asbury, Kentucky, in the spring of 1978"[373] referring to the Ichthus Music Festival at then Asbury College in Wilmore, Kentucky—as the moment he made a "commitment to Christ".[42][372] After that point, Pence continued to attend Mass (where he met his wife) and was a Catholic youth minister.[372] Pence called himself Catholic in a 1994 news piece, although by 1995, he and his family had joined an evangelical megachurch, the Grace Evangelical Church.[42][372] In 2013, Pence said his family was "kind of looking for a church".[42] In 2016, Pence and his wife regularly worshiped at College Park Church, a nondenominational church in Indianapolis.[14] He has described himself as "a Christian, a conservative and a Republican, in that order", and as "a born-again, Evangelical Catholic".[42][372] As one commentator put it, "Pence doesn't simply wear his faith on his sleeve—he wears the entire Jesus jersey."[14]

 
Pence At Taylor University In 2019

In a 2002 statement on the floor of the House of Representatives (reported in the Congressional Record), Pence told his colleagues "... I also believe that someday scientists will come to see that only the theory of intelligent design provides even a remotely rational explanation for the known universe."[374][375] When asked by Chris Matthews in 2009 if he believed in evolution, Pence said "I believe with all my heart that God created the heavens and the earth, the seas and all that is in them. How he did that, I'll ask him about some day."[376][377]

Publications

  • Pence, Mike (2022). So Help Me God. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1982190330.
  • Pence, Mike; Pence Bond, Charlotte (2023). Go Home for Dinner: Advice on How Faith Makes a Family and Family Makes a Life. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1982190361.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ At the end of the debate, Second Lady Karen Pence was seen onstage without a mask, which her spokesperson said was on the basis of an agreement with Harris's husband, Douglas Emhoff, who ended up wearing his mask onstage.[288]

References

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January 19, 2024
mike, pence, michael, richard, pence, born, june, 1959, american, politician, served, 48th, vice, president, united, states, from, 2017, 2021, under, president, donald, trump, member, republican, party, previously, served, 50th, governor, indiana, from, 2013, . Michael Richard Pence born June 7 1959 is an American politician who served as the 48th vice president of the United States from 2017 to 2021 under President Donald Trump A member of the Republican Party he previously served as the 50th governor of Indiana from 2013 to 2017 and a member of the U S House of Representatives from 2001 to 2013 Mike PenceOfficial portrait 201748th Vice President of the United StatesIn office January 20 2017 January 20 2021PresidentDonald TrumpPreceded byJoe BidenSucceeded byKamala Harris50th Governor of IndianaIn office January 14 2013 January 9 2017LieutenantSue EllspermannEric HolcombPreceded byMitch DanielsSucceeded byEric HolcombMember of theU S House of Representativesfrom IndianaIn office January 3 2001 January 3 2013Preceded byDavid M McIntoshSucceeded byLuke MesserConstituency2nd district 2001 2003 6th district 2003 2013 Personal detailsBornMichael Richard Pence 1959 06 07 June 7 1959 age 64 Columbus Indiana U S Political partyRepublican 1983 present Other politicalaffiliationsDemocratic 1977 1983 SpouseKaren Batten m 1985 wbr Children3 including Charlotte Pence BondRelativesGreg Pence brother Residence s Carmel Indiana U S EducationHanover College BA Indiana University Indianapolis JD OccupationPoliticianlawyerbroadcasterSignatureWebsiteOfficial websiteMike Pence s voice source source Pence on being appointed chair of the White House Coronavirus Task ForceRecorded February 27 2020Other offices 2020 2021 Chair of the White House Coronavirus Task Force2017 2020 Chair of the National Space Council2009 2011 Chair of the House Republican Conference2005 2007 Chair of the Republican Study CommitteeBorn and raised in Columbus Indiana Pence graduated from Hanover College and then from the Indiana University Robert H McKinney School of Law before entering private practice He lost two House bids in 1988 and 1990 and was a conservative radio and television talk show host from 1994 to 1999 After being elected to the House in 2000 Pence represented Indiana s 2nd district from 2001 to 2003 and 6th district from 2003 to 2013 He chaired the Republican Study Committee from 2005 to 2007 and House Republican Conference from 2009 to 2011 He was elected governor of Indiana in 2012 As governor Pence initiated the largest tax cut in Indiana s history and pushed for more funding for private education initiatives He signed bills intended to restrict abortions including one that prohibited abortions if the reason for the procedure was the fetus s race gender or disability and required funerary services for terminated fetuses including those resulting from miscarriage 1 this law was ruled unconstitutional by a federal judge and prevented from going into effect 2 3 After Pence signed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act he encountered resistance from moderate members of his party the business community and LGBT advocates The backlash against the bill led Pence to approve changes to the law to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation gender identity and other criteria He later became the running mate of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump who went on to win the 2016 presidential election As vice president Pence chaired the National Space Council following its reestablishment in 2017 and the White House Coronavirus Task Force which was established in early 2020 in response to the COVID 19 pandemic Pence and Trump lost their bid for re election in the 2020 presidential election to Joe Biden and Kamala Harris although Trump s campaign refused to concede made false or unproven allegations of election fraud and filed many unsuccessful lawsuits in multiple states Despite Trump s urging to overturn the election results and the attack on the U S Capitol on January 6 2021 Pence oversaw the certification of Biden Harris as the winner of the election He has since distanced himself from Trump endorsing candidates in primary elections in opposition to those supported by Trump and criticizing the latter s conduct on the day of the attack In June 2023 he launched a bid for the 2024 Republican presidential nomination but withdrew by the end of October 4 Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Early career and congressional campaigns 3 U S House of Representatives 2001 2013 3 1 2012 Indiana gubernatorial election 4 Governor of Indiana 2013 2017 4 1 Fiscal and economic policy 4 2 Education policy 4 3 Energy and environment 4 4 Gun policy 4 5 Public health 4 6 Religion and LGBT rights 4 7 Abortion 4 8 Media and the press 4 9 Syrian refugee crisis 4 10 Public records requests and use of private email 4 11 Re election campaign and withdrawal 5 2016 vice presidential campaign 6 Vice presidency 2017 2021 6 1 Inauguration 6 2 Advisors and staff 6 3 Tenure 6 3 1 Political action committee 6 3 2 Pence and the Trump impeachment inquiry 6 3 3 Death of Soleimani 6 3 4 COVID 19 pandemic 6 4 2020 vice presidential election 6 4 1 Vote counting and storming of the Capitol 7 Post vice presidency 2021 present 7 1 Classified documents investigation 7 2 2024 presidential campaign 8 Personal life 8 1 Religion 9 Publications 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External links 14 1 Articles 14 2 CongressEarly life and education nbsp Pence in Columbus North High School s 1977 yearbookPence was born on June 7 1959 in Columbus Indiana one of six children of Ann Jane Nancy Cawley and Edward Joseph Pence Jr 5 6 who ran a group of gas stations 7 8 His father served in the U S Army during the Korean War and received the Bronze Star in 1953 which Pence displays in his office along with its commendation letter and a reception photograph 9 His father was of German and Irish descent and his mother is of Irish ancestry 10 His paternal grandfather Edward Joseph Pence Sr worked in the Chicago stockyards 11 He was named after his maternal grandfather Richard Michael Cawley who emigrated from Doocastle County Mayo Ireland to the United States through Ellis Island and who became a bus driver in Chicago Illinois 12 13 14 15 His maternal grandmother s parents were from Doonbeg County Clare Ireland 16 17 Pence graduated from Columbus North High School in 1977 He earned a Bachelor of Arts in history from Hanover College in 1981 and a Juris Doctor from the Robert H McKinney School of Law at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis in Indianapolis in 1986 18 While at Hanover he joined the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity where he became the chapter president 19 After graduating from Hanover he was an admissions counselor at the college from 1981 to 1983 20 During his time at Hanover Pence was a friend of future actor Woody Harrelson whom he helped prepare to deliver a sermon as part of Harrelson s ministry studies Harrelson later told late night talk show host Jimmy Kimmel that he quite liked Pence at the time 21 In his childhood and early adulthood Pence was a Roman Catholic and a Democrat as was the rest of his family 22 He volunteered for the Bartholomew County Democratic Party in 1976 and voted for Jimmy Carter in the 1980 presidential election 23 14 and has said he was originally inspired to get involved in politics by people such as John F Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr 23 While in college Pence left the Catholic Church and became an evangelical born again Christian to the disappointment of his mother 23 14 His political views also started shifting to the right during this time in his life something which Pence attributes to the common sense conservatism of Ronald Reagan with which he began to identify 23 24 Early career and congressional campaignsAfter graduating from law school in 1986 Pence was an attorney in private practice 25 In 1988 Pence ran for Congress against Democratic incumbent Philip Sharp but lost 26 He ran against Sharp again in 1990 quitting his job in order to work full time in the campaign but once again was unsuccessful 26 During the race Pence used political donations to pay the mortgage on his house his personal credit card bill groceries golf tournament fees and car payments for his wife 27 While the spending was not illegal at the time it reportedly undermined his campaign 27 nbsp Pence with President Ronald Reagan at the White House in 1988During the 1990 campaign Pence ran a television advertisement in which an actor dressed in a robe and headdress and speaking in a thick Middle Eastern accent thanked his opponent Sharp for doing nothing to wean the United States off imported oil as chairman of a House subcommittee on energy and power 27 28 In response to criticism Pence s campaign responded that the advertisement was not about Arabs rather it concerned Sharp s lack of leadership 27 28 In 1991 Pence wrote an essay Confessions of a Negative Campaigner published in the Indiana Policy Review in which he apologized for running negative ads against Sharp Pence vowed to refrain from using insulting speech or running ads that belittle his adversaries 29 30 27 31 Also taking place in 1991 he became the president of the Indiana Policy Review Foundation a self described free market think tank and a member of the State Policy Network a position he held until 1993 32 33 34 Shortly after his first congressional campaign in 1988 radio station WRCR FM in Rushville Indiana hired Pence to host a weekly half hour radio show Washington Update with Mike Pence 35 In 1992 Pence began hosting a daily talk show on WRCR The Mike Pence Show in addition to a Saturday show on WNDE in Indianapolis 32 35 36 37 Pence called himself Rush Limbaugh on decaf since he considered himself politically conservative while not as bombastic as Limbaugh 30 38 Beginning on April 11 1994 Network Indiana syndicated The Mike Pence Show statewide 39 With a 9 00 a m to noon ET time slot the program reached as many as 18 radio stations in Indiana including WIBC in Indianapolis 32 From 1995 Pence also hosted a weekend public affairs TV show likewise titled The Mike Pence Show on Indianapolis TV station WNDY 35 40 Pence ended his radio and television shows in 1999 to focus on his 2000 campaign for Congress which he eventually won 41 U S House of Representatives 2001 2013 Running for the U S House of Representatives again in 2000 he won the seat in Indiana s 2nd congressional district after six year incumbent David M McIntosh opted to run for governor of Indiana The 2nd district renumbered the 6th in 2002 comprised all or portions of 19 counties in eastern Indiana As a new congressman Pence adopted the slogan he had used on the radio describing himself as a Christian a conservative and a Republican in that order 42 In 2016 House speaker Paul Ryan described Pence as a principled conservative 43 While in Congress Pence belonged to the Tea Party Caucus 44 nbsp Pence as a U S Representativeduring the 111th CongressIn his first year in office Pence opposed President George W Bush s No Child Left Behind Act in 2001 45 as well as President Bush s Medicare prescription drug expansion in 2003 46 Pence was re elected four more times by comfortable margins In the 2006 2008 and 2010 House elections he defeated Democrat Barry Welsh 47 48 49 nbsp Congressman Pence visits U S soldiers in Mosul Iraq in 2006 Pence began to climb the party leadership structure and from 2005 to 2007 was chairman of the Republican Study Committee a group of conservative House Republicans 50 In November 2006 Pence announced his candidacy for leader of the Republican Party minority leader in the United States House of Representatives 51 Pence s release announcing his run for minority leader focused on a return to the values of the Newt Gingrich headed 1994 Republican Revolution 51 However he lost the bid to Representative John Boehner of Ohio by a vote of 168 for Boehner 27 for Pence and one for Representative Joe Barton of Texas 52 In January 2009 Pence was elected as the Republican Conference chairman the third highest ranking Republican leadership position at the time behind Minority Leader John Boehner and Republican Whip Eric Cantor He ran unopposed and was elected unanimously He was the first representative from Indiana to hold a House leadership position since 1981 53 During Pence s twelve years in the House he introduced 90 bills and resolutions none became law 54 His committee assignments in the House were the following 107th Congress 2001 2003 Agriculture Judiciary Small Business 55 108th Congress 2003 2005 Agriculture International Relations Judiciary 56 109th Congress 2005 2007 Agriculture International Relations Judiciary 57 110th Congress 2007 2009 Foreign Affairs Judiciary Select Committee to Investigate the Voting Irregularities of August 2 2007 Ranking Member 58 111th Congress 2009 2011 Foreign Affairs 59 112th Congress 2011 2013 Foreign Affairs Judiciary 60 In 2008 Esquire magazine listed Pence as one of the ten best members of Congress writing that Pence s unalloyed traditional conservatism has repeatedly pitted him against his party elders 61 Pence was mentioned as a possible Republican candidate for president in 2008 62 and 2012 63 In September 2010 he was the top choice for president in a straw poll conducted by the Values Voter Summit 64 65 That same year he was encouraged to run against incumbent Democratic senator Evan Bayh 66 67 68 but opted not to enter the race 69 even after Bayh unexpectedly announced that he would retire 70 2012 Indiana gubernatorial election Main article 2012 Indiana gubernatorial election nbsp Pence was sworn in as governor of Indiana on January 14 2013 In May 2011 Pence announced that he would be seeking the Republican nomination for governor of Indiana in 2012 71 Incumbent Republican Governor Mitch Daniels was term limited Pence ran on a platform that touted the successes of his predecessor and promised to continue educational reform and business deregulation of Daniels 72 73 The Democratic nominee was former Indiana Speaker of the House John R Gregg Despite strong name recognition and a popular outgoing governor of the same party Pence found himself in a heated race eventually pulling out a close win with just under 50 percent of the vote and less than 3 ahead of Gregg with Libertarian nominee Rupert Boneham receiving most of the remaining votes 74 It was the closest race in 50 years 75 Governor of Indiana 2013 2017 Pence was sworn in as the 50th governor of Indiana on January 14 2013 76 Fiscal and economic policy Pence inherited a 2 billion budget reserve from his predecessor Mitch Daniels and the state added to that reserve under his watch though not before requiring state agencies including public universities to reduce funding in years in which revenue fell below projections 77 The state finished fiscal year 2014 with a reserve of 2 billion budget cuts ordered by Pence for the 14 billion annual state budget include 24 million cut from colleges and universities 27 million cut from the Family and Social Services Administration FSSA 78 and 12 million cut from the Department of Correction 79 During Pence s term as governor the unemployment rate reflected the national average 80 Indiana s job growth lagged slightly behind the national trend 81 In 2014 Indiana s economy was among the slowest growing in the United States with 0 4 percent GDP growth compared to the national average of 2 2 percent this was attributed in part to a sluggish manufacturing sector 82 Carrier Corp and United Technologies Electronic Controls UTEC announced in 2016 that they would be closing two facilities in Indiana sending 2 100 jobs to Mexico the Trump campaign criticized the moves 83 and Pence expressed deep disappointment 84 85 Pence was unsuccessful in his efforts to persuade the companies to stay in the state although the companies agreed to reimburse local and state governments for certain tax incentives they had received 85 86 The Indiana Economic Development Corporation led by Pence had approved 24 million in incentives to ten companies who sent jobs abroad 8 7 million had been paid out by August 2016 83 nbsp Governor Pence addresses Indiana State Military at the Indiana War memorial on Veterans Day 2014 In 2013 Pence signed a law blocking local governments in Indiana from requiring businesses to offer higher wages or benefits beyond those required by federal law In 2015 Pence also signed the repeal an Indiana law that required construction companies working on publicly funded projects to pay a prevailing wage 87 88 89 90 Indiana had enacted right to work legislation under Pence s predecessor Republican governor Mitch Daniels Under Pence the state successfully defended this legislation against a labor challenge 88 In 2013 Pence also announced the formation of the Indiana Biosciences Research Institute a life sciences research facility supported with 25 million in startup funds from the state 91 Pence made tax reform namely a ten percent income tax rate cut a priority for 2013 92 93 While he did not get the ten percent cut he advocated Pence did accomplish his goal of cutting state taxes 92 Legislators cut the income tax by five percent and also killed the inheritance tax 92 Speaker of the House Brian Bosma said the legislative package was the largest tax cut in our state s history about 1 1 billion dollars 94 By signing Senate Bill 1 the state corporate income tax would be dropped from 6 5 percent to 4 9 percent by 2021 which would be the second lowest corporate income tax in the nation 95 The law also permitted Indiana counties to eliminate the business personal property tax on new equipment and let them exempt small businesses with less than 20 000 worth of equipment from paying personal property taxes 95 On June 12 2013 the Indiana Legislature overrode Pence s veto of a bill to retroactively authorize a local tax Lawmakers overrode his veto by a 68 23 vote in the House and a 34 12 one in the Senate 96 Republican legislators overwhelmingly voted against Pence while most Democrats supported his veto 97 The Jackson Pulaski tax fix one of three bills vetoed by Pence during the session addressed a 15 year old county income tax that had been imposed to fund the construction of jail facilities with the stipulation that the tax be lowered by one percent after the first several years The reduction had not been implemented and thus county residents had been paying an additional one percent tax that they were legally not required to pay The bill which was passed by a huge majority of legislators and subsequently vetoed by Pence allowed money to be kept and not returned to the taxpayers as would have otherwise been necessary 97 98 As governor Pence pressed for a balanced budget amendment to the state s constitution He initially proposed the initiative in his State of the State address in January 2015 The legislation passed the state Senate 99 Indiana has had AAA credit ratings with the three major credit rating agencies since 2010 before Pence took office these ratings were maintained throughout Pence s tenure 100 In 2014 Pence supported the Indiana Gateway project 101 a 71 4 million passenger and freight rail improvement initiative paid for by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 the federal stimulus package which Pence had voted against while a congressman 102 In October 2015 Pence announced plans to pay off a 250 million federal loan to cover unemployment insurance payments which had spiked during the recession 77 In March 2016 Pence signed legislation to fund a 230 million two year road funding package 77 Education policy During his tenure as governor Pence supported significant increases in education funding to pre schools voucher programs and charter schools but frequently clashed with supporters of traditional public schools 103 104 In 2014 a little over one year after taking office Pence helped establish a 10 million state preschool pilot program in Indiana and testified personally before the state Senate Education Committee in favor of the program to convince fellow Republicans several of whom opposed the proposal to approve the plan 103 104 Although the plan was initially defeated Pence successfully managed to revive it getting Indiana off the list of just 10 states that spent no direct funds to help poor children attend preschool 104 Demand for enrollment in the program far outstripped capacity and Pence at first refused to apply for up to 80 million in federal Health and Human Services Preschool Development Grant program funding 103 arguing that Indiana must develop our own pre K program without federal intrusion 105 After coming under sustained criticism for this position Pence reversed course and sought to apply for the funds 103 106 In 2015 Pence secured significant increases in charter school funding from the legislation although he did not get everything he had proposed 104 Legislation signed into law by Pence in 2013 greatly increased the number of students in Indiana who qualify for school vouchers making it one of the largest voucher programs in the United States 107 108 109 110 The annual cost of the program was estimated to be 53 million for the 2015 2016 school year 109 110 Pence opposed the Common Core State Standards Initiative calling for the repeal of the standards in his 2014 State of the State address The Indiana General Assembly then passed a bill to repeal the standards becoming the first state to do so 103 104 In a televised interview appearance with Chris Matthews Pence advocated eroding the teaching of science in public schools by putting religious creationism on a par with established science accepting creationist beliefs as factual and thus teaching the controversy over evolution and natural selection and regarding the age of the Earth and letting children decide for themselves what to believe 111 Despite successful advocacy for more funding for pre schools voucher programs and charter schools Pence has frequently clashed with teachers unions and supporters of public schooling 103 104 In one of his first acts as governor Pence removed control of the Educational Employment Relations Board which was in charge of handling conflicts between unions and school boards from Glenda Ritz a Democrat who was the Indiana superintendent of public instruction a separately elected position in the state 112 Pence created a new Center for Education and Career Innovation CECI to coordinate efforts between schools and the private sector Ritz opposed the center viewing it as a power grab and encroachment on her own duties Pence eventually disestablished the center in order to help defuse the conflict 103 104 In May 2015 Pence signed a bill stripping Ritz of much of her authority over standardized testing and other education issues and reconstituting the State Board of Education dominated by Pence appointees 113 The bill also allowed the board to appoint a chairman other than the Superintendent of Public Instruction starting in 2017 and added the State Board of Education controlled by Pence as a state educational authority along with the Department of Education controlled by Ritz for purposes of accessing sensitive student data 113 Pence and Ritz also clashed over non binding federal guidelines that advised Indiana public schools must treat transgender students in a way that corresponds to their gender identity even if their education files indicate a different gender 114 Energy and environment During Pence s term in office the Republican controlled Indiana General Assembly repeatedly tried to roll back renewable energy standards and successfully ended Indiana s energy efficiency efforts 115 Pence has been an outspoken supporter of the coal industry declaring in his 2015 State of the State address that Indiana is a pro coal state expressing support for an all of the above energy strategy and stating we must continue to oppose the overreaching schemes of the EPA until we bring their war on coal to an end 115 116 In 2015 Pence sent a letter to President Obama denouncing the EPA s Clean Power Plan which would regulate carbon emissions from existing power plants and stating that Indiana would refuse to comply with the plan 115 117 Indiana joined other states in a lawsuit seeking to invalidate the plan 115 In 2016 Pence said that even if legal challenges failed Indiana would continue to defy the rule and would not come up with its own plan to reduce emissions 118 Gun policy In 2014 over the opposition of Indiana school organizations Pence signed a bill which allows firearms to be kept in vehicles on school property 119 In 2015 following a shooting in Chattanooga Pence recruited the National Rifle Association to train the Indiana National Guard on concealed carry Some National Guard officials from other states questioned why a civilian organization would be involved in a military issue 120 In May 2015 Pence signed into law Senate Bill 98 which limited lawsuits against gun and ammunition manufacturers and sellers and retroactively terminated the City of Gary s still pending 1999 lawsuit against gun manufacturers and retailers that allegedly made illegal sales of handguns 121 122 The bill was supported by Republicans such as state senator Jim Tomes who hoped the measure would attract more gun related businesses to Indiana but opposed by Gary mayor and former Indiana attorney general Karen Freeman Wilson who viewed the measure as an unprecedented violation of the separation of powers between the legislative and judicial branches of state government 122 In 2016 Pence signed Senate Bill 109 into law legalizing the captive hunting of farm raised deer in Indiana 123 Public health nbsp Governor Pence at the dedication of a new veterans clinic March 2016In 2009 parts of East Chicago were discovered to have toxic lead and arsenic contamination and were designated a Superfund site Governor Pence declined to declare the Superfund site a state emergency 124 his successor Governor Eric Holcomb issued Executive Order 17 13 declaring a disaster emergency in East Chicago 125 126 The site of several former lead smelting plants was first identified as a health concern by the EPA in 1997 127 Beginning in December 2014 there was an HIV outbreak in Southern Indiana 128 In 2011 Planned Parenthood PP operated five rural clinics in Indiana They tested for HIV and offered prevention intervention and counseling to improve public health outcomes The PP clinic in Scott County performed no abortions 129 The Republican controlled legislature and Pence defunded Planned Parenthood 130 Scott County has been without an HIV testing center since 2013 129 Pence had long been a vocal opponent of needle exchange programs which allow drug users to trade in used syringes for sterile ones in order to stop the spread of diseases despite solid scientific evidence that such programs prevent the spread of AIDS Hepatitis B HBV and Hepatitis C HCV and do not increase drug abuse 128 In March 2015 well after the outbreak began Pence finally allowed at least five counties to open needle exchanges but did not move to lift the state ban on funding for needle exchanges 128 Critics say Pence s compromise had been ineffective because counties had no way to pay for needle exchanges themselves Anesthesiologist Jerome Adams then the Pence appointed Indiana state health commissioner and later surgeon general of the United States during the Trump administration defended Pence arguing that publicly funded needle exchange programs are controversial in many conservative communities During his time as Indiana State Health Commissioner Adams along with Governor Pence delayed Indiana s efforts to deal with the largest HIV outbreak related to injection drug use in the history of the United States by stalling adoption of a needle exchange program Adams said There are people who have real moral and ethical concerns about passing out needles to people with substance abuse problems To be honest I shared that sentiment 131 132 When President Trump appointed Pence in 2020 to head the country s response to coronavirus he touted his ostensible experience with quelling an epidemic of HIV in Indiana in which Pence deliberately delayed his state government s response to the disease despite the recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control that needle exchange was an efficacious approach to reining in the spread of diseases Pence had told lawmakers he would veto any bill they might pass that provided for such exchanges 133 134 In 2015 Pence and the Obama administration agreed to expand Medicaid in Indiana in accordance with the Affordable Care Act 135 136 As part of the expansion called the Healthy Indiana Plan 2 0 Pence negotiated modifications to the program for Indiana that included co payments by participants The co payments are linked to healthy behaviors on the part of the participants so that for example a participant who quit smoking would receive a lower co payment Participants can lose benefits for failing to make the payments 137 The required contribution would be about 2 of income Critics say those who already struggle to buy food and housing will have even more difficulty paying their 2 One critic expressed concern that lower income people may stay out of the program or avoid pursuing health care A service provider said the program wins the award for bureaucratic complexity and red tape 138 In early 2017 Indiana submitted its application to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to renew Healthy Indiana to show that the program was meeting its targets as required for renewal National Public Radio Side Effects Public Media said the application used misleading and inaccurate information 139 Religion and LGBT rights See also Religious Freedom Restoration Act Indiana nbsp Pence addresses supporters at a church service September 2016On March 26 2015 Pence signed Indiana Senate Bill 101 also known as the Indiana religious objections bill or Religious Freedom Restoration Act RFRA into law 140 The move was praised by religious conservatives 141 but criticized by people and groups who felt the law was carefully worded in a way that would permit discrimination against LGBT persons 142 143 144 145 Such organizations as the National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA the gamer convention Gen Con and the Disciples of Christ spoke out against the law Apple CEO Tim Cook and Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff condemned the law with the latter s company saying it would halt its plans to expand in the state 146 147 Angie s List announced that they would cancel a 40 million expansion of their Indianapolis based headquarters over concerns with the law The expansion would have moved 1 000 jobs into the state 148 Thousands protested against the policy 142 Five Republican state representatives voted against the bill and Greg Ballard the Republican mayor of Indianapolis criticized it as sending the wrong signal about the state 149 Pence defended the law saying it was not about discrimination In an appearance on the ABC News program This Week with George Stephanopoulos 150 he said We are not going to change this law while refusing to answer whether examples of discrimination against LGBT people given by Eric Miller of anti LGBT group Advance America would be legal under the law 151 Pence denied the law permitted discrimination and wrote in a March 31 2015 Wall Street Journal op ed If I saw a restaurant owner refuse to serve a gay couple I wouldn t eat there anymore As governor of Indiana if I were presented a bill that legalized discrimination against any person or group I would veto it 152 In the wake of the backlash against the RFRA on April 2 2015 Pence signed legislation revising the law to protect against potential discrimination 153 Pence received heavy criticism from liberals at the time of signing the religious freedom law who labeled him as anti gay In 2018 emails released to the Associated Press showed that conservatives had similarly opposed his support of the subsequent changes to the law 154 Abortion In March 2016 as Indiana governor Pence signed into law H B 1337 a bill that both banned certain abortion procedures and placed new restrictions on abortion providers The bill banned abortion if the reason for the procedure given by the woman was the fetus race or gender or a fetal abnormality In addition the bill required that all fetal remains from abortions or miscarriages at any stage of pregnancy be buried or cremated which according to the Guttmacher Institute was not required in any other state 155 156 157 The law was described as exceptional for its breadth if implemented it would have made Indiana the first state to have a blanket ban on abortions based solely on race sex or suspected disabilities including evidence of Down syndrome 156 Days after the U S Supreme Court issued its decision in Whole Woman s Health v Hellerstedt a federal court issued a preliminary injunction blocking the bill from taking effect with U S district judge Tanya Walton Pratt determining that the bill was likely to be unconstitutional and that the State of Indiana would be unlikely to prevail at trial 156 The abortion bill was subsequently ruled unconstitutional in April 2018 by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit 158 Media and the press nbsp Pence at the 500 Festival Parade in Indianapolis 2015In June 2013 Pence was criticized for deleting comments of others posted on his official government Facebook page he subsequently apologized 159 On January 26 2015 it was widely reported that Pence had planned to launch a state run taxpayer funded news service for Indiana 160 The service called JustIN was to be overseen by a former reporter for The Indianapolis Star and would feature breaking news stories written by press secretaries and light features 160 At the time it was reported that the two employees who would run the news service would be paid a combined 100 000 yearly salary 160 The target audience was small newspapers which had limited staff but the site would also serve to communicate directly with the public The publisher of the Commercial Review of Portland Indiana said I think it s a ludicrous idea the notion of elected officials presenting material that will inevitably have a pro administration point of view is antithetical to the idea of an independent press 160 There was speculation that the news service would publish pro administration stories that would make Pence look good in the event of a presidential run 161 According to the Associated Press the idea of stories prewritten for the media set off a wave of criticism from journalists around the country who likened the Indiana endeavor to state run media in Russia and China Headlines like Pravda in the Plains accompanied calls for Pence to scrap the idea 162 David A Graham of The Atlantic regarded the announcement of JustIN as evidence of a disturbing changing trend in how the public gets news 163 After a week or so of controversy about the idea Pence scrapped the idea saying However well intentioned after thorough review of the preliminary planning and careful consideration of the concerns expressed I am writing you to inform you that I have made a decision to terminate development of the JustIN website immediately 164 Syrian refugee crisis As governor Pence attempted unsuccessfully to prevent Syrian refugees from being resettled in Indiana 165 In February 2016 a federal judge ruled that Pence s order to cut off federal funds for a local non profit refugee resettlement agency was unconstitutional Pence has appealed 165 In December 2015 Pence said that calls to ban Muslims from entering the U S are offensive and unconstitutional 166 Public records requests and use of private email Pence repeatedly stonewalled public records requests as governor often withholding documents or delaying their release if not denying them outright 167 168 169 As governor Pence routinely used a personal AOL email account to conduct official business according to public records In 2016 hackers compromised the account and used it to send fraudulent emails in an attempt to obtain money from Pence s contacts 170 While Pence s use of a private email account for state business is not prohibited by Indiana law some of the emails discussed sensitive matters and homeland security issues 171 In March 2017 after Pence had become vice president the State of Indiana released 29 emails to media outlets that had made public records requests but withheld an undisclosed number of other emails saying they were deliberative or advisory and thus exempt from public disclosure 171 Cybersecurity experts and government transparency advocates were surprised by Pence s use of a personal email account to conduct public business given Pence s past attacks on Hillary Clinton s use of a private email server while U S secretary of state 171 In 2017 Indiana hired a private law firm for 100 000 to handle a backlog of public records requests for Pence s personal AOL account email correspondence 167 Re election campaign and withdrawal Main article 2016 Indiana gubernatorial election Pence ran for a second term as governor and was unopposed in the Republican primary on May 3 2016 He was to face Democrat John R Gregg in a rematch of the 2012 race However Pence filed paperwork ending his campaign on July 15 2016 as Trump announced his selection of Pence as his vice presidential running mate 172 Lieutenant Governor Eric Holcomb was nominated in Pence s place and selected Suzanne Crouch as his running mate 173 174 Holcomb went on to defeat Gregg in the general election 175 2016 vice presidential campaignSee also 2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection and Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign nbsp Pence speaks at a campaign rally in Phoenix Arizona August 2016 Shortly before the 2016 Indiana Republican presidential primary Pence endorsed Texas U S Senator Ted Cruz who would lose the primary to Trump 62 Pence then endorsed Trump after the latter became the party s presumptive nominee for president of the United States 176 Donald Trump considered naming Pence as his vice presidential running mate along with other finalists including New Jersey governor Chris Christie and former House speaker Newt Gingrich 177 Pence had stronger connections at the time to the politically influential big donors the Kochs than Trump did 178 11 179 180 181 It was widely reported on July 14 that Pence planned to end his re election campaign and accept the Republican vice presidential nomination instead 182 The following day Trump officially announced on Twitter that Pence would be his running mate 183 184 185 Immediately after the announcement Pence said he was very supportive of Donald Trump s call to temporarily suspend immigration from countries where terrorist influence and impact represents a threat to the United States 186 Pence said he was absolutely in sync with Trump s Mexican wall proposal saying Mexico was absolutely going to pay for it 187 According to a FiveThirtyEight rating of candidates ideology Pence was the most conservative vice presidential candidate in the last 40 years 188 Pence called Dick Cheney his role model for vice president 189 During Pence s preparations for the vice presidential debate in October 2016 Wisconsin governor Scott Walker played the role of Democratic vice presidential nominee Tim Kaine 190 In Kaine s own debate prep lawyer Robert Barnett was selected to play Pence 191 Following the debate experts concluded Pence won against Kaine with a CNN poll showing 48 percent of viewers thought Pence won and 42 percent believing Kaine won 192 Pence s cooler temperament was seen as an advantage compared to Kaine who was perceived as more hotheaded 193 194 On October 7 2016 lewd comments made by Donald Trump in 2005 surfaced and gained heavy media attention 195 That day Pence said to reporters I do not condone his remarks and cannot defend them but made clear that he was standing by Trump 196 In response to the revelation Paul Ryan uninvited Trump from what would have been a joint campaign event The Trump campaign attempted to substitute Pence for Trump at the event 197 but according to The New York Times Pence called Trump on October 8 and told him that he Pence would not appear at the event and that Trump would need to handle the next 48 hours on his own as Pence did not think he would be an effective surrogate for Trump 198 According to Bob Woodward s 2018 book Fear Trump in the White House in the midst of the scandal then Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus told Trump he should drop out of the race for the good of the party and that Pence had agreed to replace Trump on the top of the ticket as the Republican presidential nominee with former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice agreeing to be Pence s running mate 199 On October 10 2016 Pence appeared on CNN and said in response to rumors that he was leaving the ticket that it was absolutely false to suggest that at any point in time we considered dropping off this ticket and that it is the greatest honor of my life to be nominated as Trump s running mate 200 On November 8 2016 Pence was elected vice president of the United States as Trump s running mate 201 Vice presidency 2017 2021 nbsp Pence being sworn in as vice president by Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas on January 20 2017Soon after the election he was appointed chairman of President elect Trump s transition team 202 During the transition phase of the Trump administration Pence was reported as holding a large degree of influence in the administration due to his roles as a mediator between Trump and congressional Republicans for reassuring conservatives about Trump s conservative credentials and his influence in determining Donald Trump s cabinet 203 204 Inauguration Further information Inauguration of Donald Trump On January 20 2017 at noon Pence became the 48th vice president of the United States sworn into the office by justice Clarence Thomas using Reagan s Bible opened to 2 Chronicles 7 14 If my people which are called by my name shall humble themselves and pray and seek my face and turn from their wicked ways then will I hear from heaven and will forgive their sin and will heal their land which is the same verse Reagan used for his swearing ins as governor and president Pence also used his personal Bible which he opens every morning 205 Advisors and staff Chief of staff Marc Short 206 National security advisor Keith Kellogg 206 Legal counsel Gregory Jacob 206 Chief of staff to Mrs Karen Pence Jana Toner 206 Deputy national security advisor Stephen Pinkos 206 Director of advance Aaron Chang 206 Director of policy John Gray 206 Director of public liaison and intergovernmental affairs Paul Teller 206 Deputy director of public liaison and intergovernmental affairs Andeliz Castillo 206 Press secretary Katie Waldman 206 Director of legislative affairs Christopher Hodgson 206 Deputy director of legislative affairs Benjamin Cantrell 206 Director of administration and finance Katherine Purucker 206 Director of scheduling Bethany Scully 206 Special assistant Zach Bauer 206 Tenure See also Presidency of Donald Trump nbsp Pence with Trump in 2019On the first day in office January 20 Pence performed various ceremonial duties including swearing in Jim Mattis as United States secretary of defense and John Kelly as secretary of homeland security 207 He also administered the oath of office to the White House senior staff on January 22 2017 208 Pence also sat in on calls made by President Trump to foreign heads of government and state such as Russian president Vladimir Putin 209 and Australian prime minister Malcolm Turnbull 210 211 In January Pence appointed Josh Pitcock as his chief of staff whom he had known from his gubernatorial and congressional days 212 The following month Jarrod Agen was tapped as deputy assistant to the president and director of communications to the vice president his previous job being chief of staff for governor of Michigan Rick Snyder through the time of the Flint water crisis 213 In July Pitcock stepped down as chief of staff and was succeeded in the position by Nick Ayers another longtime Pence advisor 214 On February 5 2017 Pence warned Iran not to test the resolve of the new Trump administration following their ballistic missile tests 215 On February 7 2017 Pence in his dual constitutional role as president of the United States Senate made the first ever tie breaking vote to confirm a Cabinet member 216 217 He cast the deciding vote to break a fifty fifty tie to confirm Betsy DeVos as the secretary of education 218 Pence cast his second tie breaking vote on March 30 voting to advance a bill to defund Planned Parenthood 219 In 2018 Pence broke a tie to confirm Jonathan A Kobes for the U S Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit This was the first ever tie breaking vote to confirm a judicial nominee in U S history In total Pence had cast 13 tie breaking votes seventh most in history and more than his previous four predecessors Joe Biden Dick Cheney Al Gore and Dan Quayle cast combined Cheney broke eight ties Gore broke four ties and Quayle and Biden did not cast a tie breaking vote In April Pence made a tour of the Asia Pacific region In South Korea he met acting president Hwang Kyo ahn and condemned North Korea s latest missile launch 220 221 222 In Japan Pence met Prime Minister Shinzō Abe and pledged to work with Japan South Korea and China to achieve a peaceable resolution and the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula adding The era of strategic patience is over and while all options are on the table 223 224 Pence subsequently traveled to Jakarta Indonesia where he met with president Joko Widodo toured the largest mosque in the region the Istiqlal Mosque and praised moderate Islam 225 226 Pence ended his trip with stops in Sydney Australia where after meeting with Malcolm Turnbull he said the U S intends to honor a U S Australia refugee resettlement agreement 227 and Oahu Hawaii and American Samoa 228 On May 21 2017 Pence delivered the commencement address at the University of Notre Dame Traditionally the president delivers the address at Notre Dame in his inaugural year but in 2017 Pence was invited instead when Trump decided to speak at Liberty University 229 230 231 232 nbsp Vice President Mike Pence Second Lady Karen Pence and Major General Courtney P Carr stand for the National Anthem On June 30 2017 Pence was appointed chair of the National Space Council after Trump signed an executive order reestablishing the council 233 As chair Pence held eight meetings from 2017 to 2020 234 On October 8 2017 Pence walked out of a game between the NFL s Indianapolis Colts and San Francisco 49ers after members of the 49ers knelt during the national anthem Shortly afterwards Pence commented via Twitter President Trump and I will not dignify any event that disrespects our soldiers our Flag or our National Anthem adding While everyone is entitled to their own opinion I don t think it s too much to ask NFL players to respect the flag and our national anthem 235 Pence was widely criticized by various people for what was considered a publicity stunt Democratic representative Adam Schiff CA 28 questioned how much taxpayer s money was used to fund Pence s actions 236 and CNN later estimated that the total cost of his eight hours of travel on Air Force Two to attend the game was about 242 500 not including ground transportation and security 237 49ers safety Eric Reid the second NFL player after Colin Kaepernick to participate in the protests told reporters it was predictable that Pence would walk out knowing that most of the team were protesting 236 Reid also expressed doubt over the regularity Pence is in terms of attending Colts matches and referenced a photograph of the vice president and his wife in Colts uniform that had been tweeted before the match 236 although the official photograph right proved otherwise The photograph in question was first published in 2014 238 Sportswriter Peter King wrote that the furor surrounding Pence had overshadowed Peyton Manning who was being honored by the Colts saying Pence trumped a day that belonged to the greatest football hero the state of Indiana has ever seen and he did it for political purposes he stole Manning s last great day as a Colt He will have to live with himself for that 236 The following year Pence reacted positively on Twitter after NFL owners unanimously decided to approve a new policy requiring all players to stand or given the option to stay in the locker room during the national anthem despite not consulting the NFL Players Association 239 nbsp Pence with South Korean president Moon Jae in at the 2018 Winter OlympicsOn February 1 2018 it was announced that Pence would lead the presidential delegation to the 2018 Winter Olympics alongside his wife 240 Much of Pence s time at Pyeongchang was affected by the ongoing North Korean crisis Prior to the opening ceremony on February 9 Pence skipped on a dinner held by South Korean president Moon Jae in as he would have shared a table with North Korea s ceremonial head of state Kim Yong nam 241 Instead he met with four North Korean defectors in Pyeongtaek alongside his special guest Fred Warmbier the father of Otto Warmbier who was arrested in North Korea for attempted theft and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment before returning to the U S in a comatose state 242 243 244 At the ceremony the Pences were seated in front of the North Korean delegates and when North and South Korean athletes entered during the Parade of Athletes they chose to stay seated which prompted critics to accuse Pence of hypocrisy in regards to the NFL protests 245 246 Pence was supposed to meet with the North Koreans on February 10 but they pulled out at the last day 247 nbsp Pence second from left during the U S military raid on ISIL leader Abu Bakr al Baghdadi on October 26 2019Over the next few months the North Koreans started communicating more with their neighbors as Supreme Leader Kim Jong un secretly met with Chinese paramount leader Xi Jinping in March and then Moon Jae in in an historic inter Korean summit in April 248 249 and around the same time a meeting between Trump and Kim was also proposed On May 10 Pence accompanied Trump to Andrews Air Force Base as three American citizens were released by North Korea and in an early morning interview with ABC s Jonathan Karl he said seeing the men back on American soil was really one of the greatest joys of my life 250 251 Talks broke down later that month following comments made by Pence and Trump comparing the situation to events in Libya seven years previous despite their voluntary disarmament of nuclear weapons in 2003 252 North Korean vice foreign minister Choe Son hui called Pence s remarks ignorant and stupid 253 On May 24 Trump abruptly called off the summit with Pence in attendance 252 only for him to change his mind a day later 254 later announcing that it would still be scheduled to take place on June 12 in Singapore 255 nbsp Former Vice President and fellow Hoosier Dan Quayle and Marilyn Quayle with Pence in 2019In September 2019 Pence attended official meetings with Irish prime minister Leo Varadkar in Dublin Ireland but stayed at President Trump s resort in Doonbeg 180 miles 290 km away Pence s schedule included four hours spent in transit in one day and two flights on Air Force Two before the end of the next day Costs for the limousine service alone totaled 599 000 according to State Department receipts compared to President Obama s three day trip to Dublin with the same limousine company totaling 114 000 256 257 In February 2020 Pence defended debt and deficit spending as a measure to stimulate economic growth 258 Political action committee In May 2017 Pence filed Federal Election Commission paperwork to form Great America Committee a political action committee PAC that would be headed by his former campaign staffers Nick Ayers and Marty Obst 259 260 Pence is the only vice president to have started his own PAC while still in office 261 Pence denied a New York Times article s allegations that he would run for president in 2020 calling them laughable and absurd and said the article was disgraceful and offensive 262 Pence and the Trump impeachment inquiry Pence was a key player in the Trump Ukraine scandal and the Trump impeachment inquiry Pence had at least two phone conversations and an in person meeting with Volodymyr Zelensky President of Ukraine Pence met with Zelensky in Poland on September 1 2019 during an unexpected delay in U S military aid to Ukraine Pence later told the press that he did not mention 2020 presidential candidate and former vice president Joe Biden to Zelensky but raised issues regarding Ukrainian corruption 263 After the inquiry was opened Pence publicly stated his support of Trump s call for foreign investigation into Joe Biden and his son Hunter saying I think the American people have a right to know if the vice president of the United States or his family profited from his position 264 On October 3 Pence stated My predecessor had a son who was paid 50 000 a month to be on a Ukrainian board at the time that Vice President Biden was leading the Obama administration s efforts in Ukraine I think that is worth looking into 265 Death of Soleimani Pence defended Trump s decision in January 2020 to assassinate the Iranian major general in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps IRGC Qasem Soleimani promoting conspiracy theories that supposedly linked the al Qaeda attacks on the United States to Iran In a series of tweets the vice president termed Soleimani an evil man who was responsible for killing thousands of Americans Pence insisted Soleimani had assisted in the clandestine travel to Afghanistan of 10 of the 12 terrorists who carried out the September 11 terrorist attacks which critics said was his confusing the number of 9 11 hijackers actually 19 and insinuating without evidence that the general was involved Many experts responded that Pence s claims were unsubstantiated 266 Pence s spokeswoman Katie Waldman said that the dozen terrorists Pence referred to were those who had traveled through Afghanistan ten of whom were assisted by Soleimani 267 COVID 19 pandemic nbsp Pence and members of the White House Coronavirus Task Force brief the media in March 2020 On February 26 2020 President Trump named Pence as the leader of the White House Coronavirus Task Force to combat the spread of the COVID 19 pandemic in the U S 268 Various public health officials and members of Congress had suggested the selection of a Coronavirus Czar though Trump said that would not be the title s name 269 As the leader of the task force Pence coordinated efforts with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health Department of Homeland Security and White House Office 270 271 In April 2020 Pence exempted himself from the Mayo Clinic s policy of wearing a face mask in the hospital during a visit Pence defended his action saying he needed to look staff in the eye 272 The next day the vice president s opponents criticized him for promoting completely irresponsible public health messaging 273 Later Pence acknowledged he should have worn a mask during the hospital visit and did so two days later when visiting a ventilator production facility 274 In late June 2020 as coronavirus cases were spiking Pence gave an optimistic press briefing where he made several misleading and false claims about the state of the coronavirus pandemic 275 276 He misleadingly argued that surges in cases were the result of increased testing telling reporters that increases in new cases were a reflection of a great success in expanding testing across the country 276 However health experts noted that case growth outpaced the number of tests and that the share of positive tests was increasing 277 Pence also falsely claimed that coronavirus fatalities were declining all across the country Statistics here that the curve had been flattened and that all 50 states were opening up 276 In private meetings with Republican Senators Pence urged them to focus on encouraging signs Pence told the senators that cases were increasing in only 3 of counties and 12 states however data at the time showed that cases were increasing in at least 5 of counties and in at least 20 states 278 On December 18 the Pences received the Pfizer BioNTech COVID 19 vaccine for SARS CoV 2 in front of a live audience at a televised event to show Americans that the vaccine is safe and effective 279 280 281 2020 vice presidential election See also Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign and 2020 United States presidential election Ahead of his presidential campaign on February 28 2019 Joe Biden referred to Pence as a decent guy in a speech in Omaha Nebraska when making an anecdote about an audience falling silent after Pence mentioned Trump s name Biden later faced criticism for his complimentary remarks due to Pence s alleged anti LGBT positions which Biden would later apologize for and clarify by saying I was making a point in a foreign policy context that under normal circumstances a Vice President wouldn t be given a silent reaction on the world stage Biden had previously referred to Pence as a decent guy in 2018 and Pence and Biden exchanged conversations via phone before Pence s 2017 transition into the vice presidency 282 In June 2019 the Democratic former New York City Council president Andrew Stein opined that Trump could improve his re election chances by replacing Pence as his running mate with former South Carolina governor and former United States ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley 283 Despite that Trump said Pence will be his running mate He declined to endorse Pence should his running mate seek in 2024 to succeed him but said he would give it very strong consideration 284 In remarks about law enforcement during the 2020 Republican convention Pence said a federal security officer Dave Underwood was shot and killed during the riots in Oakland implying he was killed by rioters when instead a man linked to the far right Boogaloo movement had exploited the unrest as a cover for murder 285 286 287 On October 7 2020 Pence participated in a debate with Kamala Harris that was held by USA Today in Salt Lake City Utah and moderated by Susan Page the Washington bureau chief of the newspaper The debate was held with adaptations designed to avoid contagion of the COVID 19 virus given that the vice president had been in close contact with people who had been infected at a recent event at the White House Plexiglas partitions separated the candidates and masks were required for all attending except the candidates and moderator 288 a By some estimates Pence interrupted Harris twice as much as she interrupted him 289 Media outlets noted that near the end of the debate a fly landed on Pence s head for almost two minutes 290 291 A CNN poll found that 59 of registered voters felt that Harris had won the debate while 38 felt that Pence had 289 On November 7 2020 after several days of vote counting Biden and Harris were declared by most major news networks to be the winners of the election 292 On December 14 the Electoral College confirmed the win giving the Biden Harris campaign 306 votes compared to 232 for the Trump Pence campaign 293 however Trump refused to concede and insisted that he had actually won Throughout November and December Trump and his campaign filed more than 50 lawsuits alleging election fraud and other irregularities all of them were eventually rejected by judges 294 Trump also pressured Republican officials lawmakers and even the Justice Department to take actions to overturn the election 295 In late December 2020 a federal lawsuit was filed against Pence by Republican congressman Louie Gohmert and 11 Arizona Republicans who would have become presidential electors had Trump actually won Arizona The plaintiffs sought to give the vice president the power to reject state certified presidential electors in favour of competing slates of electors so that Biden s victory over Trump could be overturned 296 297 298 The United States Department of Justice represented Pence in this case and argued for its dismissal stating that the lawsuit was a walking legal contradiction because it sought to grant power to the vice president while suing the vice president 298 Within a week the lawsuit was dismissed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas and the appeal was rejected by a United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit panel both due to the plaintiffs lack of standing 299 Gohmert then appealed to the Supreme Court which on January 7 tersely denied his petition 300 Vote counting and storming of the Capitol Main article January 6 United States Capitol attack In January 2021 Trump began to pressure Pence to take action to overturn the election As vice president Pence presided over the January 6 2021 Congressional Joint Session to count the electoral votes normally a non controversial ceremonial event For days beforehand Trump declared both in public and in private that Pence should use that position to overturn the election results in swing states and declare Trump Pence the winners of the election 301 Pence demurred that the United States constitution did not give him that power but Trump falsely insisted that The Vice President and I are in total agreement that the Vice President has the power to act 302 According to The New York Times multiple sources claim that Trump called Pence before he departed to certify the results urging him again one last time ultimately telling him You can either go down in history as a patriot or you can go down in history as a pussy 303 Before the start of the Joint Session Pence stated in a Dear Colleague letter that the Constitution prevented him from deciding which electoral votes counted and which did not 304 On January 6 2021 the day on which a joint session of Congress met to count and certify the results of the electoral college for the 2020 presidential election Trump held a rally at which he urged listeners to go to the Capitol and repeatedly expressed the hope that Pence would do the right thing 305 Many listeners then marched to the Capitol and stormed it A Reuters photographer overheard three rioters saying they wanted to seize Pence and hang him while many others chanted their desire to hang Pence 306 307 308 309 On January 15 The Washington Post reported that Pence came dangerously close to the rioters during their occupation of the Capitol Pence was not evacuated from the Senate chambers until 14 minutes after the initial breach of the Capitol was reported He and his family were eventually ushered from the Senate chambers into a second floor hideaway One minute later the mob rushed onto a stair landing only 100 feet away from which they could have seen him enter the room if they had arrived a minute earlier 310 After his evacuation from the Senate chambers his Secret Service detail wanted to move him away from the Capitol building but he refused to get in the car 311 Pence later approved the deployment of the National Guard which raised questions as the vice president is not the commander in chief 312 313 After the Capitol was cleared Congress resumed its joint session and officially certified the election results with Pence declaring Biden and Harris the winners 307 nbsp Pence and his wife Karen at the inauguration of Joe BidenDuring the siege Trump criticized Pence as lacking courage 314 Earlier L Lin Wood a lawyer associated with Trump had called for Pence to be executed by firing squad 315 316 In spite of the threats against Pence Trump never reached out to Pence or inquired about his safety during the attack on the Capitol according to sources close to the vice president 317 318 Aides believed that Pence was being set up as a scapegoat for Trump s failure to overturn the results of the election 319 Pence was described as very angry with Trump 320 The two did not speak for several days until January 11 when they met at the White House to discuss the prior week s Capitol siege and the final days of their administration 321 On January 20 Pence attended the inauguration of Joe Biden as president of the United States unlike Trump Afterwards he left the Capitol with his successor Kamala Harris 322 Post vice presidency 2021 present Pence did not have a permanent place of residence in Indiana when he left the vice presidency Official records indicated that Pence had not owned a residence in Indiana since 2013 having lived in the governor s mansion and then the vice president s residence in Washington As a result for several months after leaving office he and his wife stayed at residences owned by various Indiana Republican politicians It is believed that he was at one time staying in a cabin owned by his former lieutenant governor Indiana Governor Eric Holcomb 323 324 In May 2021 the Pences bought a home in Carmel Indiana 325 In February 2021 it was announced that Pence would join The Heritage Foundation as a distinguished visiting fellow 326 He also joined the Young America s Foundation conservative youth organization with plans to launch a new podcast with the group in the coming months 327 In March 2021 Pence published an op ed on a Heritage Foundation website in which he noted significant voting irregularities and numerous instances of officials setting aside state election law during the 2020 election 328 At speaking engagements in the months after the end of the Trump administration Pence spoke with reverence of the former president 329 nbsp Pence speaking to an audience in Nebraska City in September 2021Pence narrated a four part television series on the career of right wing radio host Rush Limbaugh titled Age of Rush which debuted on Fox Nation in March 2021 330 Pence had previously cited Limbaugh as an inspiration for his career in talk radio and then in politics 331 In April 2021 it was reported that Pence signed a deal with publisher Simon amp Schuster for two books including an autobiography that is set to be published in 2023 332 The day the Supreme Court overturned Roe in June 2022 Pence told Breitbart News Roe v Wade has been consigned to the ash heap of history Having been given this second chance for life we must not rest and must not relent until the sanctity of life is restored to the center of American law in every state in the land 333 Pence appeared in the July 2022 documentary Unprecedented 334 In October 2022 Pence condemned unprincipled populism and Putin apologists in the Republican Party 335 Since leaving the vice presidency Pence has distanced himself from Trump s attempts to cast doubt on the 2020 presidential election and made high profile speeches in early nominating states 336 Pence has also separated himself from Trump by endorsing candidates in several Republican primary elections in opposition to the candidate endorsed by Trump 337 In the primary for governor of Georgia Pence endorsed incumbent governor Brian Kemp over the Trump backed candidate former senator David Perdue This was described as a proxy battle between Pence and Trump with Pence s candidate Kemp winning the nomination easily 336 In the 2022 Arizona gubernatorial election Pence endorsed Karrin Taylor Robson while Trump endorsed Kari Lake In the 2022 Wisconsin gubernatorial election Pence endorsed former Lieutenant Governor Rebecca Kleefisch Trump supported businessman Tim Michels 338 On February 9 2023 it was reported that Pence had been subpoenaed by special counsel Jack Smith regarding the attack on the Capitol following months of negotiation between Pence s attorneys and the special counsel 339 340 After several unsuccessful challenges to the subpoena by Pence s lawyers and by Trump himself Pence testified before the grand jury on April 27 2023 saying We ll obey the law we ll tell the truth 341 The same day as the subpoena was reported Pence released a statement expressing support for parental rights especially regarding how teachers treat children who express different gender identities which he described as left wing efforts to indoctrinate our children behind parents backs The statement was released through Advancing American Freedom a communications group he founded in 2021 with political donations 342 Classified documents investigation Main article Mike Pence classified documents incident In January 2023 after classified documents were found at the home of President Joe Biden Pence asked his lawyer to search his home out of an abundance of caution The attorney found around a dozen documents marked as classified in Pence s Indiana home and turned over the documents to the FBI The discovery came after Pence had repeatedly said that he did not have classified documents 343 Pence has taken responsibility for the documents and said that he was unaware of his possession of them The FBI and the Justice Department s National Security Division reviewed the incident Pence indicated he would fully cooperate 344 On February 10 the FBI searched his home 345 In June the Department of Justice notified Pence that its investigation had ended and that no charges would be brought forward 346 2024 presidential campaign Main article Mike Pence 2024 presidential campaign nbsp Pence greeting supporters in Iowa July 2023Polls of Republicans in 2021 regarding their preferred presidential candidate in 2024 implied that Pence could begin a campaign as a top tier candidate if former President Trump were to forgo a run 347 348 At the same time said polling also foretold a precipitous decline in Pence s polling numbers if Trump were to seek the presidency again 349 In light of this there was a widespread view among both Republican leaders and grassroots Republicans that Pence is dead in the early waters of 2024 350 In May 2022 The New York Times reported that Pence was considering a presidential run regardless of whether Trump decided to run for a second term 336 In 2023 Pence criticized former President Donald Trump especially regarding the events that took place on January 6 2021 While speaking at a Gridiron dinner an event attended by politicians and journalists Pence said that Trump was wrong to suggest that Pence had a right to overturn the election results Pence went further saying that Trump s words not only endangered him but his family and everyone at the Capitol Much of the rhetoric was believed to be a lead up to Pence s potential run for the Republican nomination heading into the 2024 presidential election 351 On June 5 2023 Pence filed paperwork and officially launched his bid for the presidency 352 In July Pence became the first 2024 Republican presidential candidate to visit Ukraine where he met President Volodymyr Zelenskyy 353 On October 28 Pence who had weak fundraising and poll numbers withdrew from the race Much of his campaigning had taken place in Iowa 354 Personal life nbsp Mike and Karen Pence with their children and daughter in law at the 2017 Presidential Inauguration ParadePence and his wife Karen nee Batten met while he was in law school at Indiana University 14 They were married in 1985 Pence s father died in 1988 leaving his mother a widow with four grown children and two teenagers Mike and Karen Pence have three children Michael Charlotte and Audrey 355 356 Michael Pence is a first lieutenant and pilot in the United States Marine Corps 357 358 359 During Pence s service in the House his family lived in Arlington Virginia when Congress was in session and in Columbus Indiana during recesses 8 18 During an interview in 2002 Pence told a reporter that he would not have dinner alone with a woman other than his wife 360 On May 1 2004 Pence s mother remarried this time to Basil Coolidge Fritsch a widower since 2001 361 362 In 2018 Pence s oldest brother Greg entered and won the political race to represent Indiana s 6th congressional district in Congress the seat previously held by Mike 363 364 Greg and Mike are similar enough in appearance that Greg once successfully acted as a decoy to lure the press away from his brother when Mike Pence was being touted as a potential running mate to Donald Trump 365 366 In 2016 he was diagnosed with asymptomatic left bundle branch block 367 368 In April 2021 Pence underwent surgery for a pacemaker implant due to a slow heartbeat 369 370 The family s pet rabbit Marlon Bundo was the subject of a children s book authored by Pence s daughter Charlotte 371 Religion Pence was raised in a Catholic family was as an altar server and attended parochial school 42 372 He became a born again Christian in college while a member of a nondenominational Christian student group and identified his first year and specifically a Christian music festival in Asbury Kentucky in the spring of 1978 373 referring to the Ichthus Music Festival at then Asbury College in Wilmore Kentucky as the moment he made a commitment to Christ 42 372 After that point Pence continued to attend Mass where he met his wife and was a Catholic youth minister 372 Pence called himself Catholic in a 1994 news piece although by 1995 he and his family had joined an evangelical megachurch the Grace Evangelical Church 42 372 In 2013 Pence said his family was kind of looking for a church 42 In 2016 Pence and his wife regularly worshiped at College Park Church a nondenominational church in Indianapolis 14 He has described himself as a Christian a conservative and a Republican in that order and as a born again Evangelical Catholic 42 372 As one commentator put it Pence doesn t simply wear his faith on his sleeve he wears the entire Jesus jersey 14 nbsp Pence At Taylor University In 2019In a 2002 statement on the floor of the House of Representatives reported in the Congressional Record Pence told his colleagues I also believe that someday scientists will come to see that only the theory of intelligent design provides even a remotely rational explanation for the known universe 374 375 When asked by Chris Matthews in 2009 if he believed in evolution Pence said I believe with all my heart that God created the heavens and the earth the seas and all that is in them How he did that I ll ask him about some day 376 377 PublicationsPence Mike 2022 So Help Me God New York Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 1982190330 Pence Mike Pence Bond Charlotte 2023 Go Home for Dinner Advice on How Faith Makes a Family and Family Makes a Life New York Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 1982190361 See alsoPolitical positions of Mike Pence Electoral history of Mike PenceNotes At the end of the debate Second Lady Karen Pence was seen onstage without a mask which her spokesperson said was on the basis of an agreement with Harris s husband Douglas Emhoff who ended up wearing his mask onstage 288 References Crockett Emily March 26 2016 Indiana crammed as many anti abortion bills as it could into this horrifying new law Vox Retrieved December 9 2023 Crockett Emily July 14 2016 Indiana Gov Mike Pence signed a law this year that mandated funerals for fetuses Vox Retrieved December 9 2023 Wang Stephanie June 30 2016 Judge halts Indiana s new abortion law IndyStar Retrieved December 9 2023 Holmes Kristen October 28 2023 Pence suspends campaign for president CNN Retrieved October 28 2023 Groppe Maureen September 2 2019 Mike Pence has a deep affection for Ireland It s not completely reciprocated USA Today Retrieved July 9 2020 The Republic from Columbus Indiana Page 1 April 14 1988 Retrieved November 17 2016 Wedding Bells Ring Out For 3 S Side Couples Chicago Daily Tribune April 5 1956 p 90 a b de la Cuetara Ines July 14 2016 Mike Pence Everything You Need to Know ABC News Retrieved July 15 2016 Thomas Ken April 15 2017 5 things to know 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News Retrieved December 15 2011 Smith Brandon June 27 2012 Pence Vows No New Business Regulation If Elected Governor Indiana Public Media Archived from the original on May 12 2018 Retrieved May 11 2018 Smith Brandon November 7 2012 Daniels And Pence Vow To Continue Education Reform Indiana Public Media Archived from the original on March 1 2013 Retrieved May 11 2018 Pence in as governor of Indiana Hassan wins N H NBC News November 6 2012 Retrieved December 17 2012 Stidman Eric April 20 2015 John Gregg eyes governor s seat for 2016 WTHITV com Archived from the original on June 13 2015 Retrieved June 13 2015 Carden Dan January 14 2013 Pence sworn in as Indiana s 50th governor The Times of Northwest Indiana a b c Timiraos Nick July 17 2016 Mike Pence Brings Conservative Bona Fides to Donald Trump Ticket The Wall Street Journal Retrieved July 18 2016 FSSA Mission and Vision in gov State of Indiana Retrieved May 18 2017 Hayden Maureen July 14 2014 State reports budget surplus 2 billion in reserves Tribune Star Community Newspaper Holdings Indiana Statehouse Bureau Retrieved May 18 2017 Fact Checking Trump s First Appearance With Running Mate Mike Pence Politics 2016 Election NBC News July 16 2016 Retrieved May 18 2017 Jackson Brooks July 21 2016 Pence on Employment Record The Wire FactCheck org Annenberg Public Policy Center Retrieved May 18 2017 Groppe Maureen June 10 2015 Indiana s Economy Growing More Slowly Than U S Average The Indianapolis Star Retrieved May 18 2017 a b Cook Tony August 28 2016 Under Mike Pence Indiana gave incentives to companies that offshored jobs The Indianapolis Star Archived from the original on September 5 2016 Retrieved November 22 2016 List of Incentives and offshoring under Gov Mike Pence Turner Kris February 15 2016 Sen Joe Donnelly Gov Mike Pence react to Carrier UTEC sending 2 100 Hoosier jobs to Mexico The Indianapolis Star Retrieved May 18 2017 a b Adams Matt Smith Matt March 2 2016 Gov Pence meets with Carrier executives about move to Mexico WXIN Retrieved May 18 2017 Turner Kris March 3 2016 Carrier UTEC agree to reimburse incentives after meeting with Gov Pence The Indianapolis Star Retrieved May 18 2017 Levine Sam July 16 2016 Mike Pence Once Thought A 7 25 Minimum Wage Was Too High HuffPost Retrieved July 17 2016 a b Mahoney Brian July 15 2016 Pence on labor Morning Shift Politico Retrieved May 18 2017 Carden Dan Indiana unlikely to boost minimum wage despite widespread support The Times of Northwest Indiana Retrieved May 18 2017 Carden Dan Pence signs repeal of common construction wage The Times of Northwest Indiana Retrieved July 17 2016 Nather David July 16 2016 With Pence pick Trump just made women s health a top tier election issue PBS Retrieved June 22 2017 a b c Rucker Philip December 12 2014 Mike Pence Lays Out Vision for a Presidential Campaign But Will He Be a Candidate The Washington Post Retrieved January 1 2015 Review amp Outlook The State Tax Reformers More Governors look to repeal their income taxes The Wall Street Journal January 31 2013 Retrieved May 18 2017 Trinko Katrina May 7 2013 Governor Pence s Indiana Tax Win National Review Archived from the original on January 1 2015 Retrieved January 1 2015 a b Cook Tony March 14 2015 Gov Mike Pence Signs Off on Business Tax Cuts The Indianapolis Star Retrieved July 22 2016 Indiana Lawmakers Override Pence on Local Tax Measure The Herald Bulletin Associated Press June 12 2013 Retrieved January 1 2015 a b Schneider Mary Beth June 12 2013 Indiana Lawmakers Override Gov Mike Pence s Veto Resolve County Tax Mixup The Indianapolis Star Archived from the original on January 1 2015 Retrieved January 1 2015 Legislature Overrides Pence Veto of Jackson Pulaski Tax Fix WIBC FM 93 1 June 12 2013 Archived from the original on January 1 2015 Retrieved January 1 2015 Davies Tom March 8 2015 Pence s balanced budget amendment advancing in Legislature WISH TV Associated Press Retrieved July 14 2016 S amp P affirms Indiana bond rating Journal Gazette April 1 2016 Archived from the original on August 16 2016 Retrieved July 18 2016 Indiana Gateway Project INDOT Retrieved May 18 2017 Carden Dan June 1 2014 Pence sweetens on stimulus as state benefits The Times of Northwest Indiana Retrieved May 18 2017 a b c d e f g Klein Alyson July 15 2016 Indiana s Pence Trump VP Pick Pro School Choice Anti Common Core EducationWeek a b c d e f g Elliott Scott July 13 2015 The basics of Mike Pence on education A battle for control Chalkbeat Howey Brian October 26 2014 Pence takes heat over pre K federal funds Times of Northwest Indiana Cook Tony Schneider Chelsea June 2 2016 In an about face Pence expresses interest in federal pre K grant The Indianapolis Star Pence signs Indiana voucher expansion bill Associated Press May 9 2013 Carden Dan May 9 2013 Pence signs law expanding school voucher eligibility Times of Northwest Indiana a b Weddle Eric McInerny Claire July 20 2016 What Did Mike Pence Do For Indiana Schools As Governor Here s a 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The Indianapolis Star Jamieson Amber July 15 2016 Donald Trump announces Mike Pence as VP pick The Guardian Retrieved July 15 2016 O Donnell Kelly July 15 2016 Its Official Trump Announces Mike Pence as VP Pick NBC News Bradner Eric Bash Dana Lee MJ July 16 2016 Donald Trump selects Mike Pence as VP CNN Schleifer Theodore Beavers Olivia July 16 2016 Pence very supportive of latest version of Trump Muslim ban CNN Abramson Alana de la Cuetara Ines July 16 2016 Pence Walks Back Positions on Muslims TPP to Stand With Trump ABC News Enten Harry July 15 2016 Mike Pence Is A Really Conservative And Mostly Unknown VP Pick FiveThirtyEight de la Cuertara Ines September 18 2016 Mike Pence Says His Role Model for Vice President Is Dick Cheney ABC News Allen Mike September 17 2016 Exclusive Here s who s playing Tim Kaine in GOP debate prep Politico Karni Annie September 17 2016 Exclusive Robert Barnett to play Mike Pence in Tim Kaine debate prep Politico Agiesta Jennifer October 5 2016 Pence edges Kaine in VP debate instant poll CNN Retrieved July 4 2020 Zurcher Anthony October 5 2016 Pence v Kaine Who won the vice presidential debate BBC News Retrieved July 4 2020 Who won the vice presidential debate CNN October 5 2016 Retrieved July 4 2020 Cassidy John October 8 2016 A Sexual Predator in the Republican Party s Midst The New Yorker Quinn Dave October 8 2016 Mike Pence Offended and Praying for Donald Trump s Family Amid Crisis Over His 2005 Lewd Comments Politics People Fahrenthold David A October 8 2016 Trump recorded having extremely lewd conversation about women in 2005 The Washington Post Lewd Donald Trump Tape Is a Breaking Point for Many in the G O P The New York Times October 9 2016 Archived from the original on October 8 2016 Here are the top takeaways from Bob Woodward s new book on Donald Trump ABC News September 5 2018 Retrieved October 14 2018 LoBianco Tom October 10 2016 Pence I never considered leaving Trump ticket CNN Tumulty Karen Rucker Philip Gearan Anne November 9 2016 Donald Trump wins the presidency in stunning upset over Clinton The Washington Post Shear Michael D Haberman Maggie Schmidt Michael S November 11 2016 Vice President Elect Pence to Take Over Trump Transition Effort The New York Times Archived from the original on November 11 2016 Retrieved December 4 2016 Johnson Eliana Restuccia Andrew December 4 2016 Pence s Power Play Politico Retrieved December 4 2016 LoBianco Tom Bradner Eric December 1 2016 Mike Pence s Key Role in Building Team Trump CNN Retrieved December 4 2016 Groppe Maureen January 19 2017 Mike Pence s swearing in is full of symbolism USA Today Retrieved January 21 2017 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o CDIR 2020 07 22 DEPARTMENTS 2 PDF Retrieved January 1 2023 Caldwell Leigh Ann January 20 2017 Trump s Defense and Homeland Security Picks Sworn in NBC News Retrieved February 7 2017 Nakamura David Wagner John January 22 2017 Trump Pence preside over East Room ceremony to swear in senior staff The Washington Post Retrieved February 7 2017 Wagner Meg January 28 2017 President Trump calls Russia s Vladimir Putin for first time since taking office New York Daily News Retrieved February 7 2017 This deal will make me look terrible Full transcripts of Trump s calls with Mexico and Australia The Washington Post This was the worst call by far Trump badgered bragged and abruptly ended phone call with Australian leader Washington Post Groppe Maureen January 25 2017 Pence tapping former aides and some lobbyists for VP office staff The Indianapolis Star Retrieved February 7 2017 Vice President Mike Pence Announces Jarrod Agen as Director of Communications whitehouse gov February 1 2017 Retrieved February 7 2017 via National Archives Groppe Maureen June 29 2017 Mike Pence s first major staff shakeup Josh Pitcock out Nick Ayers in as chief of staff USA Today Retrieved May 25 2018 White House Warns Iran To Think Twice Before Testing U S Resolve Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty February 5 2017 Retrieved June 14 2020 DeVos confirmed as education secretary Pence casts historic tie breaking vote Fox News Associated Press February 7 2017 Bycoffe Aaron February 7 2012 Pence Has Already Done Something Biden Never Did Break A Senate Tie FiveThirtyEight Vice presidents have broken ties on presidential nominees before but Tuesday was the first time it s happened for a Cabinet nominee according to the Senate Historical Office Stratford Michael Hefling Kimberly Emma Caitlin Wermund Benjamin February 7 2017 Senate confirms DeVos as secretary of education Politico Kim Seung Min Ehley Brianna March 30 2017 Pence breaks tie in Senate vote on Planned Parenthood funding Politico Caplan David April 16 2017 Mike Pence arrives in South Korea attends wreath laying ceremony and Easter Sunday services ABC News Retrieved April 17 2017 Thomas Ken April 16 2017 Pence warns NKorea era of strategic patience is over ABC News Associated Press Retrieved April 17 2017 Thomas Ken Colvin Jill April 17 2017 Trump s message to North Korea Gotta behave Chicago Tribune Associated Press Retrieved April 18 2017 Rampton Roberta April 19 2017 Pence reassures Japan of U S resolve on North Korea to work with China Reuters Retrieved April 22 2017 Cahill Petra April 19 2017 VP Mike Pence Warns North Korea We Will Defeat Any Attack NBC News Retrieved April 22 2017 Rampton Roberta April 20 2017 Pence tours Southeast Asia s biggest mosque talks trade in Indonesia Reuters Retrieved April 22 2017 Liptak Kevin April 20 2017 Pence praises moderate Islam in Indonesia CNN Retrieved April 22 2017 Smith Spark Laura April 22 2017 Pence says US will honor refugee deal with Australia Politics CNN Retrieved April 24 2017 Mike Pence cuts short his stop in Hawaii to deal with domestic issues CBS News April 24 2017 Retrieved April 24 2017 Stack Liam May 21 2017 Notre Dame Students Walk Out of Mike Pence Commencement Address The New York Times Rosa Flores Eric Levenson Susannah Cullinane May 22 2017 Some Notre Dame graduates walk out at Pence speech CNN Lange Kaitlin Cook Tony September 15 2017 Pence spokesman to leave post USA Today Retrieved October 3 2017 Borchers Callum May 13 2017 Trump at Liberty University commencement In America we don t worship government we worship God The Washington Post Kaplan Sarah June 30 2017 President Trump relaunches the National Space Council The Washington Post Retrieved July 31 2023 Wall Mike December 1 2021 National Space Council meeting today Watch live here at 1 30 pm ET Space com Retrieved July 31 2023 Abramson Alana October 8 2017 Vice President Mike Pence Leaves Football Game After Players Kneel During National Anthem Time Retrieved January 11 2018 a b c d Griffiths Brent D October 8 2017 Pence leaves NFL game after players kneel during anthem Politico Retrieved June 10 2018 Marsh Rene October 8 2017 The price tag for Pence s trip to Indianapolis CNN Archived from the original on May 6 2020 Retrieved June 10 2018 VanTryon Matthew October 8 2017 Mike Pence tweets same picture from Colts game that he tweeted in 2014 CNN Retrieved June 10 2018 Delk Josh May 23 2018 Pence celebrates NFL requiring players to stand for anthem Winning The Hill Retrieved June 10 2018 Presidential Delegation to Attend Winter Olympics whitehouse gov February 1 2018 Retrieved June 10 2018 via National Archives Winter Olympics 2018 Pence skips dinner with N Koreans BBC News February 9 2018 Retrieved June 10 2018 Otto Warmbier s father to attend Olympics in South Korea BBC News February 5 2018 Retrieved June 10 2018 Mike Pence accompanied by Otto Warmbier s father meets with North Korean defectors Cincinnati com February 9 2018 Retrieved June 10 2018 Graef Aileen February 5 2018 Father of Otto Warmbier will attend Olympic Opening Ceremony with Pence CNN Retrieved June 10 2018 Banks Paul M February 9 2018 Winter Olympics Verify Mike Pence Hypocrisy on NFL National Anthem Protests ChicagoNow Retrieved February 13 2018 Meeks David February 12 2018 By not standing for Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics VP Mike Pence embarrassed America USA Today Retrieved February 13 2018 N Korea cancelled Pence Olympic meeting in S Korea says US BBC News February 21 2018 Retrieved June 10 2018 Kate O Keeffe and Katy Stech Ferek November 14 2019 Stop Calling China s Xi Jinping President U S Panel Says The Wall Street Journal Wolfgang Ben November 28 2019 Momentum grows for dropping President from title of China s leader Remove veneer of legitimacy The Washington Times Haas Benjamin May 10 2018 Trump welcomes home three Americans released by North Korea The Guardian Retrieved June 10 2018 Wiersema Alisa Karl Jonathan Doom Justin May 10 2018 Seeing released prisoners from North Korea one of the greatest joys of my life Pence says ABC News Retrieved June 10 2018 a b Borger Julian Haas Benjamin May 24 2018 Donald Trump cancels North Korea nuclear summit The Guardian Retrieved June 10 2018 Noack Rick How Kim Trump tensions escalated The more the U S said Libya the angrier North Korea got The Washington Post Retrieved May 25 2018 Siddiqui Sabrina Haas Benjamin McCurry Justin May 25 2018 Donald Trump says North Korea summit could be back on The Guardian Retrieved June 10 2018 Haas Benjamin McCarthy Tom Pengelly martin May 27 2018 Trump confirms US negotiators in North Korea for summit talks The Guardian Retrieved June 10 2018 Smith Allan September 11 2019 Pence s Doonbeg detour cost nearly 600K in ground transportation fees NBC News Archived from the original on February 14 2020 Retrieved July 23 2020 Honl Stuenkel Linnaea September 10 2019 Mike Pence s Doonbeg Detour to Cost Nearly 600k CREW Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington Archived from the original on June 15 2020 Retrieved July 23 2020 Breuninger Kevin February 7 2020 Vice President Pence defends deficit expansion under Trump as necessary for economic growth CNBC Retrieved March 15 2020 Hillyard Vaughn May 18 2017 Pence Creates PAC Ahead of 2018 2020 Elections NBC News Retrieved May 18 2017 FILING FEC 1162693 docquery fec gov Federal Election Commission May 17 2017 Retrieved May 18 2017 Zorthian Julia May 18 2017 Vice President Mike Pence Just Created His Own PAC Time Retrieved August 8 2017 Shugerman Emily August 6 2017 Vice President Mike Pence calls claims he will run in 2020 disgraceful and offensive The Independent Archived from the original on May 14 2022 Retrieved August 8 2017 Trump and Ukraine A Guide to the Key Players The Wall Street Journal October 8 2019 Retrieved November 18 2019 Lejeune Tristan October 3 2019 Pence defends Trump s calls for Ukraine to investigate Biden The Hill Retrieved January 1 2020 Pence says Biden son should be investigated for Ukraine dealings Reuters October 3 2019 Singh Maanvi January 3 2020 Mike Pence pushes 9 11 conspiracy theories to justify Suleimani killing The Guardian Retrieved January 4 2020 Pence s linkage of Soleimani to 9 11 hijackers is challenged Times of Israel AFP January 4 2020 Retrieved January 4 2020 Cancryn Adam Forgey Quint Diamond Dan February 27 2020 After fumbled messaging Trump gets a coronavirus czar by another name Politico Retrieved March 1 2020 Welna David February 26 2020 Trump White House Resists Calls To Appoint A Coronavirus Czar NPR org Retrieved February 27 2020 Choi Matthew February 26 2020 Trump puts Pence in charge of coronavirus response Politico Retrieved February 27 2020 Holpuch Amanda February 27 2020 Donald Trump puts Mike Pence in charge of US coronavirus response The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved February 27 2020 Wise Alana April 28 2020 Leaving Off Mask At Mayo Clinic Pence Said He Wanted To Look Workers In The Eye NPR org Retrieved May 16 2020 Pence forgoes a face mask at Mayo Clinic appearing to violate policy www cbsnews com April 29 2020 Retrieved June 8 2020 Collins Michael May 3 2020 Vice President Mike Pence on Mayo Clinic visit I should have worn a mask USA Today Retrieved May 16 2020 Dale Analysis by Daniel June 26 2020 Fact check As pandemic situation worsens Pence paints a deceptively rosy picture CNN Retrieved July 14 2020 a b c Qiu Linda June 26 2020 As Cases Surge Pence Misleads on Coronavirus Pandemic The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 26 2020 Retrieved July 14 2020 Oprysko Caitlin June 26 2020 Texas Florida governors order bars closed impose new restrictions as cases surge Politico Retrieved July 14 2020 Pence tries to assure GOP senators as coronavirus cases spike The Washington Post 2020 Vazquez Maegan Klein Betsy December 18 2020 Pence receives coronavirus vaccine Friday morning CNN Retrieved December 18 2020 I Didn t Feel A Thing Pence Gets Coronavirus Vaccine In Public Event NPR org December 18 2020 Retrieved December 18 2020 Vice President Pence Karen Pence and Surgeon General Jerome Adams received a coronavirus vaccine on Friday at the White House in a televised event aimed at showing the vaccine is safe and effective Pence receives Pfizer BioNTech coronavirus vaccine Washington Post on YouTube Video December 18 2020 Archived from the original on December 21 2021 Saenz Arlette March 1 2019 Joe Biden responds to criticism after calling Pence a decent guy CNN Archived from the original on June 13 2020 Retrieved July 4 2020 Stein Andrew June 23 2019 Trump Haley in 2020 The Wall Street Journal Retrieved July 12 2019 Cummings William June 26 2019 Trump says Mike Pence is his 2020 running mate 100 dismisses idea of running with Nikki Haley USA Today Retrieved July 12 2019 The Buffalo News buffalonews com August 31 2020 Kreutz Liz Woodrow Melanie August 27 2020 RNC 2020 Mike Pence s comments on killing of Oakland federal officer David Patrick Underwood are misleading ABC7 San Francisco Pence blurs details about killing of Oakland federal officer by alleged right wing extremist KTVU FOX 2 August 27 2020 a b Moniuszko Sara M October 8 2020 Following backlash Karen Pence s team says both sides agreed spouses would remove masks USA Today Retrieved October 11 2020 a b Cheung Helier October 8 2020 VP debate Did gender play a role in the interruptions BBC News Retrieved October 11 2020 Stieb Matt October 7 2020 Mike Pence Had a Fly on His Head for Almost Two Minutes During the VP Debate New York Intelligencer Retrieved October 11 2020 O Kane Caitlin October 8 2020 A fly landed on Mike Pence s head during the debate and rested there for nearly two minutes CBS News span, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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