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Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank

April 09, 2024

The proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank, or parts thereof, has been considered by Israeli politicians since the area was captured and occupied by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.

East Jerusalem was the first part of the West Bank to be annexed; it was de facto annexed following its occupation by Israel in 1967, and de jure annexed following the 1980 Jerusalem Law.[1] Annexation of the Jordan Valley, first proposed in the 1967 Allon Plan, was announced by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in September 2019 as his plan, subject to the outcome of the September 2019 Israeli legislative election.

Israeli law has been applied to Israeli settlements throughout the West Bank, leading to a system of "enclave law" and claims of "creeping annexation". Annexation of the West Bank would be condemned as illegal by the United Nations and would break international law.[2][3][4]

Proposals

Annexation of Israeli settlements

 
An Israeli settlement in the West Bank.
Further information: Israeli settlements and Israeli law in the West Bank settlements

Israel's prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, and his center-right Likud party do not have a coherent stance on the status of the West Bank. In 2009, Netanyahu endorsed the two-state solution, but before the April 2019 Israeli legislative election, he stated his intention of unilaterally annexing Israeli settlements in the West Bank. However, since this was a throwaway remark made without addressing the international opposition to such an action, it is unclear whether Netanyahu intends to follow through.[5][6] On 16 September 2019, in an interview with Israeli Army Radio, Netanyahu said "I intend to extend sovereignty on all the settlements and the (settlement) blocs," including "sites that have security importance or are important to Israel's heritage," including the settlements in Hebron.[7]

The application of Israeli law in the West Bank settlements has been described by commentators as "creeping annexation".[8][9]

Annexation of the Jordan Valley

 
September 2019 annexation proposal by Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu
  Jordan Valley area to be annexed by Israel
  Rest of the West Bank, including Jericho
Main article: Annexation of the Jordan Valley

On 10 September 2019 (shortly before the September 2019 Israeli legislative election) Netanyahu announced his government's plan to annex the Jordan Valley, if it won the election. He also reaffirmed his previous pledge to annex all Jewish settlements throughout the West Bank, but said such a move would not be made before publication of the Trump peace plan and consultations with President Donald Trump. According to B'Tselem, 65,000 Palestinians and about 11,000 Israeli settlers live in the area.[10][11] According to Peace Now, the proposal includes 30 settlements with 12,778 settlers, 18 illegal outposts, 15 Area A and B communities, including 44,175 Palestinians planned to remain under the nominal autonomous rule of the Palestinian Authority, surrounded by annexed territory with access roads, described by Peace Now as "..alarmingly similar to the Bantustan formula in former Apartheid South Africa" and 48 shepherding communities in Area C including 8,775 Palestinians.[12][13] The area to be annexed is about 22% of the West Bank, 90% of which is in Area C and 20% of the land is Palestinian-owned; the map that Netanyahu displayed of the area to be annexed had several errors, incorrectly noting the location of several settlements and omitting Palestinian villages.[14][15] Netanyahu's map is only a slightly revised version of the Allon Plan map, with the key difference being that the Palestinians are no longer offered access to the international border with Jordan.[16] Netanyahu said that he had received a green light from the United States' Donald Trump administration. The administration said that there had been no change in United States policy.[17][18]

The next day, there was international condemnation of the proposal from Palestinians, the Arab League, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Turkey, the UK and the UN, the latter stating "..that any Israeli move to impose its administration over the Palestinian territory would be illegal under international law."[19] Several Israeli politicians from across the political spectrum and Hebrew media outlets described this announcement as a political stunt for votes, with the former chief of staff and opposition Blue and White MK Moshe Ya'alon saying that Netanyahu had been prepared to evacuate Jordan Valley settlements in 2014.[20]

Annexation of Area C

 
Area C shown in blue.
Further information: Area C (West Bank)

The West Bank is divided into Area A, Area B, and Area C. Area C contains 60% of the West Bank's area and all Israeli settlements. According to OCHA there are about 300,000 Palestinians in Area C[21] (B'tselem estimates between 180 and 300,000)[22] compared to some 2.8 million in Areas A and B.[23] The Jewish Home party's official position is in support of annexing Area C alone, although some of its MKs support annexation of the entire West Bank.[5] Leading up to the April 2019 elections, the New Right party, led by Naftali Bennett, Israeli foreign minister and Ayelet Shaked, justice minister, advocated for the unilateral annexation of Area C. Bennett estimates that his plan would involve offering Israeli citizenship to some 80,000 Palestinians living in Area C, which contradicts the UN estimate of 297,000 Palestinians in Area C.[24]

Annexation of the entire West Bank

Caroline Glick, a New Right MK candidate in the April 2019 elections, supports annexation of the entire West Bank.[25] Glick supports an application process for Israeli citizenship to Palestinians living in annexed areas, and anticipates that not all Palestinians would desire Israeli citizenship or be eligible.[26]

Annex according to Trump peace plan

See also: Trump peace plan
 
Trump's proposal for peace plan

In April 2020 Barak Ravid, writing in Axios, cited a "senior U.S. official" as saying that any Israeli annexations must come "in the context of an offer to the Palestinians to achieve statehood based upon specific terms, conditions, territorial dimensions and generous economic support." and that "We are prepared to recognize Israeli actions to extend Israeli sovereignty over areas of the West Bank in the context of the Government of Israel agreeing to negotiate with the Palestinians along the lines set forth in President Trump's vision." U.S. Ambassador to Israel David M. Friedman told Netanyahu's aides at a meeting of the U.S.-Israeli mapping committee that is examining potential areas that could be annexed, that "the U.S. wants to implement a peace plan, not an annexation plan".[27]

On 28 May 2020, Netanyahu said he was committed to annexing parts of the West Bank in July once a joint Israeli-U.S. team completes mapping the exact territory based on the conceptual map released by U.S. President Donald Trump's administration.[28] However, the July 2020 annexation plan was later pushed back.[29]

Opinion polling

A 2019 Haaretz poll investigated support for annexation among Israelis. According to the survey, 30% did not know, 28% of Israelis opposed any annexation and 15% supported annexing Area C alone. 27% wanted to annex the entire West Bank including 16% who opposed granting political rights to Palestinians and 11% who favored granting political rights.[30]

Opponents

 
Demonstration against Israeli annexation of the West Bank, Rabin Square, Tel Aviv-Yafo, June 6, 2020

In 2014, Yesh Atid leader Yair Lapid said that his centrist party would leave the governing coalition and topple the government if any West Bank settlements were annexed. Tzipi Livni, leader of the centrist Hatnuah party, also said that Hatnuah would leave the coalition in the event of annexation.[31] However, both parties support annexation of the settlement blocs after a permanent resolution of the conflict has been negotiated. Yisrael Beytenu supports redrawing the borders in order to keep as many Jews as possible within the Jewish state while transferring some Israeli Arab towns to the Palestinian state, with some Jewish settlements in the West Bank to be annexed to Israel.[5]

The left-wing opposition parties, Labor Party and Meretz, also oppose annexation,[30] as do the Arab parties, which insist on Israeli withdrawal to behind the Green Line.[5] Commanders for Israel's Security, an association of retired Israeli military officers, opposes West Bank annexation.[32]

Anshel Pfeffer, Netanyahu's unofficial biographer stated that the Prime Minister had no intention of going through with the plan, which, he argued, was an electoral move to secure more votes. Long-time Israeli critic of the Israel-South Africa apartheid analogy, Benjamin Pogrund, who was born in South Africa, commented that were the proposal enactment, it would be tantamount to implementing an apartheid regime, and stated that his former assessment would therefore change: '[At] least it has been a military occupation. Now we are going to put other people under our control and not give them citizenship. That is apartheid. That is an exact mirror of what apartheid was [in South Africa].'[33]

International response

In June 2019, the Donald Trump administration indicated that it might not object to the Israeli government's possible annexation of Israeli settlements in the West Bank. Five senators from the opposition Democratic Party introduced a resolution condemning the idea.[34] The Trump administration had earlier recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel in December 2018 and recognized the Golan Heights as part of Israel in March 2019.[35] In November, it declared that it did not consider the settlements illegal, but asked Israel to refrain from annexation before the release of the Trump peace plan.[36]

The West Bank is internationally recognized as militarily occupied by Israel, though Israel disputes this[37][38] and has created nearly 200 Israeli settlements there.[39][40] According to Yuval Shany, an Israeli annexation would likely be opposed internationally because the plan would violate multiple principles. Firstly, the principle of territorial integrity, that territories should not be acquired by war, as stated in the preamble to United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, in several U.N. resolutions proclaiming the status of the West Bank as occupied Palestinian territory and in the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on the Wall. Secondly, it would violate the vision of a two-state solution set forth in the Oslo Accords. Thirdly, the permanent and day-to-day control of a civilian population by a foreign power, denying it the right to naturalize or participate in politics, would perpetuate a democratic deficit.[6]

2020

In 2020, on the eve of plans to go forward with a form of annexation, leading figures in the British Jewish establishment, but not the Board of Deputies of British Jews, signed a letter stating that any such annexation would be an "existential threat" both to Israel and Zionists in Great Britain, and have grave consequences for the Palestinians. Among the signatories were Holocaust survivor Sir Ben Helfgott, historians Sir Simon Schama and Simon Sebag Montefiore; former Conservative foreign secretary Sir Malcolm Rifkind; lawyer Anthony Julius; philanthropist Dame Vivien Duffield; scientist Lord Robert Winston; former MP Luciana Berger; Times columnist Daniel Finkelstein, and novelist Howard Jacobson.[41]

On June 29, 2020, it was revealed that Netanyahu's coalition partner Benny Gantz would not accept the proposed July 1, 2020 deadline to start annexing the West Bank.[42] Gantz also announced that he would prefer that the Israeli government deal with the COVID-19 pandemic first.[42] Despite not serving as prime minister, it was reported that Gantz's objection cast doubt on when a new deadline could be set.[42] The same day, U.S. sources confirmed that West Bank annexation would not start by the planned July 1 deadline as well.[29]

In midyear a jurist of international law William Schabas filed a request with the International Criminal Court asking that it investigate the architects of the plan, naming Donald Trump, Benjamin Netanyahu, Mike Pompeo and Jared Kushner.[43]

See also

References

  1. ^ "East Jerusalem". OCHA. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  2. ^ "Israeli annexation of parts of the Palestinian West Bank would break international law – UN experts call on the international community to ensure accountability". OHCHR. June 16, 2020.
  3. ^ "Annexing the West Bank Is a Brazen Violation of International Law". The New York Times. May 30, 2020.
  4. ^ Reem Abaza (June 16, 2020). "Rights experts call for global opposition to Israel's annexation plans". UN News.
  5. ^ a b c d Ahren, Raphael. "From annexation to right of return: What the parties say about the Palestinians". Times of Israel. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Israel's New Plan to Annex the West Bank: What Happens Next?". Lawfare. 6 May 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  7. ^ "Netanyahu vows to annex "all the settlements" in West Bank". Los Angeles Times. 2019-09-16. Retrieved 2019-09-16.
  8. ^ Is a New Israeli Bill Creeping Annexation of West Bank?, Yonah Jeremy Bob, Jerusalem Post, 5 September 2017
  9. ^ Times of Israel, Plan to apply Israeli law in West Bank: Equal rights or 'creeping annexation'?
  10. ^ "The Jordan Valley". B'Tselem. 17 November 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  11. ^ "Netanyahu announces post-election plan to annex Jordan Valley". Al Jazeera. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  12. ^ Trew, Bel (15 September 2019). "Netanyahu isn't bluffing about his plans to annex the Jordan Valley – but will he succeed?". The Independent. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  13. ^ "Data on Netanyahu's Jordan Valley Annexation Map". Peace Now. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  14. ^ Daraghmeh, Mohammed; Heller, Aron (11 September 2019). "A look at the Jordan Valley Israeli PM has vowed to annex". AP News. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  15. ^ Magid, Jacob (12 September 2019). "PM's Jordan Valley map was error-strewn, but is his vow worth taking seriously?". Times of Israel. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
  16. ^ Mackey, Robert (11 September 2019). "Netanyahu Hints Trump Peace Plan Will Allow Israel to Annex Key West Bank Territory". The Intercept. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  17. ^ Hoffman, Gil; Abu Toameh, Khaled; Nahmias, Omri (11 September 2019). "Netanyahu vows to annex all settlements, starting with Jordan Valley". The Jerusalem Post.
  18. ^ Smith, Saphora; Goldman, Paul (10 September 2019). "Netanyahu seeks to annex parts of West Bank 'in coordination' with U.S." NBC News.
  19. ^ Trew, Bel (11 September 2019). "'Devastating': Global condemnation after Netanyahu pledges to annex Jordan Valley, in occupied West Bank". The Independent. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  20. ^ "Netanyahu's Jordan Valley sovereignty vow widely panned by politicians as 'spin'". Times of Israel. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  21. ^ "UNOCHA occupied Palestinian territory - Profile". OCHA. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  22. ^ "Area C". B'tselem. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  23. ^ "What are areas A, B, and C of the occupied West Bank?". Aljazeera. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  24. ^ Breiner, Josh (28 February 2019). "Hayamin Hehadash Calls to Annex Part of West Bank, Grant Citizenship to Palestinian Residents". Haaretz. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  25. ^ Glick, Caroline (24 February 2014). "The Israeli solution". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  26. ^ "The Israeli Right's One-State Delusion". Israel Policy Forum. 24 August 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  27. ^ "West Bank annexations must come in context of Palestinian state, White House tells Israel". Axios. April 30, 2020. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  28. ^ "Netanyahu: Palestinians in Israeli-annexed Jordan Valley won't get citizenship". Times of israel. May 28, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  29. ^ a b Harkov, Lahav; Lazaroff, Tovah; Hoffman, Gil (June 29, 2020). "Annexation will not happen on July 1 - US news". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  30. ^ a b Kraft, Dina (25 March 2019). "Haaretz Poll: 42% of Israelis Back West Bank Annexation, Including Two-state Supporters". Haaretz. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  31. ^ "Lapid: Yesh Atid party will topple gov't that attempts annexation". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  32. ^ Hacohen, Gershon (28 May 2019). "Annexing Parts of the West Bank Area C: An Israeli National Interest". Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  33. ^ Holmes, Oliver (9 June 2020). "What would Israel annexing the West Bank mean". The Guardian.
  34. ^ Kampeas, Ron (7 June 2019). "Senators Sanders, Warren push resolution decrying PM's West Bank annexation idea". Times of Israel. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  35. ^ "Trump formally recognises Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights". Al Jazeera. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
  36. ^ Magid, Jacob (19 November 2019). "With softening of US settlement policy, is annexation train leaving the station?". Times of Israel. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  37. ^ "Is the West Bank "occupied" or "disputed" territory?". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. December 30, 2009. Retrieved December 23, 2019. Israel's presence in the territory is often incorrectly referred to as an 'occupation.' However, under international law, true occupation occurs only in territories that have been taken from a recognized sovereign [...] Furthermore, no sovereign Palestinian state has ever existed, neither in the West Bank nor anywhere else. As the West Bank had no prior legitimate sovereign, under international law these areas cannot be considered as "occupied" Arab or Palestinian lands, and their most accurate description would be that of disputed territories.
  38. ^ Simon McKenzie (8 November 2019). Disputed Territories and International Criminal Law: Israeli Settlements and the International Criminal Court. Taylor & Francis. pp. 76–. ISBN 978-1-00-075805-4.
  39. ^ "Israeli Settlements and International Law". Israeli Embassy in Nigeria. Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  40. ^ "A Look at the West Bank Area Netanyahu Vowed to Annex". The New York Times. 10 September 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  41. ^ Sherwood, Harriet (5 June 2020). "Israel's West Bank plans condemned by leading British Jewish figures". The Guardian.
  42. ^ a b c Beaumont, Peter; Scammell, Rosie (29 June 2020). "Netanyahu's annexation plan in disarray as Gantz calls for delay". The Guardian.
  43. ^ Brett Wilkins, 'Palestinians file ICC complaint against Trump, Kushner and Netanyahu over annexation,' Mondoweiss 3 July 2020

Further reading

  • "Articles about West Bank annexation". Times of Israel.
  • Landsmann, Carolina (18 August 2018). "How Israeli Right-wing Thinkers Envision the Annexation of the West Bank". Haaretz. Retrieved 9 June 2019.

April 09, 2024
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The proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank or parts thereof has been considered by Israeli politicians since the area was captured and occupied by Israel during the 1967 Six Day War East Jerusalem was the first part of the West Bank to be annexed it was de facto annexed following its occupation by Israel in 1967 and de jure annexed following the 1980 Jerusalem Law 1 Annexation of the Jordan Valley first proposed in the 1967 Allon Plan was announced by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in September 2019 as his plan subject to the outcome of the September 2019 Israeli legislative election Israeli law has been applied to Israeli settlements throughout the West Bank leading to a system of enclave law and claims of creeping annexation Annexation of the West Bank would be condemned as illegal by the United Nations and would break international law 2 3 4 Contents 1 Proposals 1 1 Annexation of Israeli settlements 1 2 Annexation of the Jordan Valley 1 3 Annexation of Area C 1 4 Annexation of the entire West Bank 1 5 Annex according to Trump peace plan 2 Opinion polling 3 Opponents 4 International response 5 2020 6 See also 7 References 8 Further readingProposalsAnnexation of Israeli settlements nbsp An Israeli settlement in the West Bank Further information Israeli settlements and Israeli law in the West Bank settlements Israel s prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his center right Likud party do not have a coherent stance on the status of the West Bank In 2009 Netanyahu endorsed the two state solution but before the April 2019 Israeli legislative election he stated his intention of unilaterally annexing Israeli settlements in the West Bank However since this was a throwaway remark made without addressing the international opposition to such an action it is unclear whether Netanyahu intends to follow through 5 6 On 16 September 2019 in an interview with Israeli Army Radio Netanyahu said I intend to extend sovereignty on all the settlements and the settlement blocs including sites that have security importance or are important to Israel s heritage including the settlements in Hebron 7 The application of Israeli law in the West Bank settlements has been described by commentators as creeping annexation 8 9 Annexation of the Jordan Valley nbsp September 2019 annexation proposal by Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu Jordan Valley area to be annexed by Israel Rest of the West Bank including JerichoMain article Annexation of the Jordan Valley On 10 September 2019 shortly before the September 2019 Israeli legislative election Netanyahu announced his government s plan to annex the Jordan Valley if it won the election He also reaffirmed his previous pledge to annex all Jewish settlements throughout the West Bank but said such a move would not be made before publication of the Trump peace plan and consultations with President Donald Trump According to B Tselem 65 000 Palestinians and about 11 000 Israeli settlers live in the area 10 11 According to Peace Now the proposal includes 30 settlements with 12 778 settlers 18 illegal outposts 15 Area A and B communities including 44 175 Palestinians planned to remain under the nominal autonomous rule of the Palestinian Authority surrounded by annexed territory with access roads described by Peace Now as alarmingly similar to the Bantustan formula in former Apartheid South Africa and 48 shepherding communities in Area C including 8 775 Palestinians 12 13 The area to be annexed is about 22 of the West Bank 90 of which is in Area C and 20 of the land is Palestinian owned the map that Netanyahu displayed of the area to be annexed had several errors incorrectly noting the location of several settlements and omitting Palestinian villages 14 15 Netanyahu s map is only a slightly revised version of the Allon Plan map with the key difference being that the Palestinians are no longer offered access to the international border with Jordan 16 Netanyahu said that he had received a green light from the United States Donald Trump administration The administration said that there had been no change in United States policy 17 18 The next day there was international condemnation of the proposal from Palestinians the Arab League Saudi Arabia Jordan Turkey the UK and the UN the latter stating that any Israeli move to impose its administration over the Palestinian territory would be illegal under international law 19 Several Israeli politicians from across the political spectrum and Hebrew media outlets described this announcement as a political stunt for votes with the former chief of staff and opposition Blue and White MK Moshe Ya alon saying that Netanyahu had been prepared to evacuate Jordan Valley settlements in 2014 20 Annexation of Area C nbsp Area C shown in blue Further information Area C West Bank The West Bank is divided into Area A Area B and Area C Area C contains 60 of the West Bank s area and all Israeli settlements According to OCHA there are about 300 000 Palestinians in Area C 21 B tselem estimates between 180 and 300 000 22 compared to some 2 8 million in Areas A and B 23 The Jewish Home party s official position is in support of annexing Area C alone although some of its MKs support annexation of the entire West Bank 5 Leading up to the April 2019 elections the New Right party led by Naftali Bennett Israeli foreign minister and Ayelet Shaked justice minister advocated for the unilateral annexation of Area C Bennett estimates that his plan would involve offering Israeli citizenship to some 80 000 Palestinians living in Area C which contradicts the UN estimate of 297 000 Palestinians in Area C 24 Annexation of the entire West Bank Caroline Glick a New Right MK candidate in the April 2019 elections supports annexation of the entire West Bank 25 Glick supports an application process for Israeli citizenship to Palestinians living in annexed areas and anticipates that not all Palestinians would desire Israeli citizenship or be eligible 26 Annex according to Trump peace plan See also Trump peace plan nbsp Trump s proposal for peace planIn April 2020 Barak Ravid writing in Axios cited a senior U S official as saying that any Israeli annexations must come in the context of an offer to the Palestinians to achieve statehood based upon specific terms conditions territorial dimensions and generous economic support and that We are prepared to recognize Israeli actions to extend Israeli sovereignty over areas of the West Bank in the context of the Government of Israel agreeing to negotiate with the Palestinians along the lines set forth in President Trump s vision U S Ambassador to Israel David M Friedman told Netanyahu s aides at a meeting of the U S Israeli mapping committee that is examining potential areas that could be annexed that the U S wants to implement a peace plan not an annexation plan 27 On 28 May 2020 Netanyahu said he was committed to annexing parts of the West Bank in July once a joint Israeli U S team completes mapping the exact territory based on the conceptual map released by U S President Donald Trump s administration 28 However the July 2020 annexation plan was later pushed back 29 Opinion pollingA 2019 Haaretz poll investigated support for annexation among Israelis According to the survey 30 did not know 28 of Israelis opposed any annexation and 15 supported annexing Area C alone 27 wanted to annex the entire West Bank including 16 who opposed granting political rights to Palestinians and 11 who favored granting political rights 30 Opponents nbsp Demonstration against Israeli annexation of the West Bank Rabin Square Tel Aviv Yafo June 6 2020In 2014 Yesh Atid leader Yair Lapid said that his centrist party would leave the governing coalition and topple the government if any West Bank settlements were annexed Tzipi Livni leader of the centrist Hatnuah party also said that Hatnuah would leave the coalition in the event of annexation 31 However both parties support annexation of the settlement blocs after a permanent resolution of the conflict has been negotiated Yisrael Beytenu supports redrawing the borders in order to keep as many Jews as possible within the Jewish state while transferring some Israeli Arab towns to the Palestinian state with some Jewish settlements in the West Bank to be annexed to Israel 5 The left wing opposition parties Labor Party and Meretz also oppose annexation 30 as do the Arab parties which insist on Israeli withdrawal to behind the Green Line 5 Commanders for Israel s Security an association of retired Israeli military officers opposes West Bank annexation 32 Anshel Pfeffer Netanyahu s unofficial biographer stated that the Prime Minister had no intention of going through with the plan which he argued was an electoral move to secure more votes Long time Israeli critic of the Israel South Africa apartheid analogy Benjamin Pogrund who was born in South Africa commented that were the proposal enactment it would be tantamount to implementing an apartheid regime and stated that his former assessment would therefore change At least it has been a military occupation Now we are going to put other people under our control and not give them citizenship That is apartheid That is an exact mirror of what apartheid was in South Africa 33 International responseIn June 2019 the Donald Trump administration indicated that it might not object to the Israeli government s possible annexation of Israeli settlements in the West Bank Five senators from the opposition Democratic Party introduced a resolution condemning the idea 34 The Trump administration had earlier recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel in December 2018 and recognized the Golan Heights as part of Israel in March 2019 35 In November it declared that it did not consider the settlements illegal but asked Israel to refrain from annexation before the release of the Trump peace plan 36 The West Bank is internationally recognized as militarily occupied by Israel though Israel disputes this 37 38 and has created nearly 200 Israeli settlements there 39 40 According to Yuval Shany an Israeli annexation would likely be opposed internationally because the plan would violate multiple principles Firstly the principle of territorial integrity that territories should not be acquired by war as stated in the preamble to United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 in several U N resolutions proclaiming the status of the West Bank as occupied Palestinian territory and in the International Court of Justice s advisory opinion on the Wall Secondly it would violate the vision of a two state solution set forth in the Oslo Accords Thirdly the permanent and day to day control of a civilian population by a foreign power denying it the right to naturalize or participate in politics would perpetuate a democratic deficit 6 2020In 2020 on the eve of plans to go forward with a form of annexation leading figures in the British Jewish establishment but not the Board of Deputies of British Jews signed a letter stating that any such annexation would be an existential threat both to Israel and Zionists in Great Britain and have grave consequences for the Palestinians Among the signatories were Holocaust survivor Sir Ben Helfgott historians Sir Simon Schama and Simon Sebag Montefiore former Conservative foreign secretary Sir Malcolm Rifkind lawyer Anthony Julius philanthropist Dame Vivien Duffield scientist Lord Robert Winston former MP Luciana Berger Times columnist Daniel Finkelstein and novelist Howard Jacobson 41 On June 29 2020 it was revealed that Netanyahu s coalition partner Benny Gantz would not accept the proposed July 1 2020 deadline to start annexing the West Bank 42 Gantz also announced that he would prefer that the Israeli government deal with the COVID 19 pandemic first 42 Despite not serving as prime minister it was reported that Gantz s objection cast doubt on when a new deadline could be set 42 The same day U S sources confirmed that West Bank annexation would not start by the planned July 1 deadline as well 29 In midyear a jurist of international law William Schabas filed a request with the International Criminal Court asking that it investigate the architects of the plan naming Donald Trump Benjamin Netanyahu Mike Pompeo and Jared Kushner 43 See alsoStatus of territories occupied by Israel in 1967References East Jerusalem OCHA 6 September 2019 Retrieved 11 September 2019 Israeli annexation of parts of the Palestinian West Bank would break international law UN experts call on the international community to ensure accountability OHCHR June 16 2020 Annexing the West Bank Is a Brazen Violation of International Law The New York Times May 30 2020 Reem Abaza June 16 2020 Rights experts call for global opposition to Israel s annexation plans UN News a b c d Ahren Raphael From annexation to right of return What the parties say about the Palestinians Times of Israel Retrieved 9 June 2019 a b Israel s New Plan to Annex the West Bank What Happens Next Lawfare 6 May 2019 Retrieved 9 June 2019 Netanyahu vows to annex all the settlements in West Bank Los Angeles Times 2019 09 16 Retrieved 2019 09 16 Is a New Israeli Bill Creeping Annexation of West Bank Yonah Jeremy Bob Jerusalem Post 5 September 2017 Times of Israel Plan to apply Israeli law in West Bank Equal rights or creeping annexation The Jordan Valley B Tselem 17 November 2017 Retrieved 15 September 2019 Netanyahu announces post election plan to annex Jordan Valley Al Jazeera 11 September 2019 Retrieved 11 September 2019 Trew Bel 15 September 2019 Netanyahu isn t bluffing about his plans to annex the Jordan Valley but will he succeed The Independent Retrieved 15 September 2019 Data on Netanyahu s Jordan Valley Annexation Map Peace Now 11 September 2019 Retrieved 15 September 2019 Daraghmeh Mohammed Heller Aron 11 September 2019 A look at the Jordan Valley Israeli PM has vowed to annex AP News Retrieved 14 September 2019 Magid Jacob 12 September 2019 PM s Jordan Valley map was error strewn but is his vow worth taking seriously Times of Israel Retrieved 14 September 2019 Mackey Robert 11 September 2019 Netanyahu Hints Trump Peace Plan Will Allow Israel to Annex Key West Bank Territory The Intercept Retrieved 16 September 2019 Hoffman Gil Abu Toameh Khaled Nahmias Omri 11 September 2019 Netanyahu vows to annex all settlements starting with Jordan Valley The Jerusalem Post Smith Saphora Goldman Paul 10 September 2019 Netanyahu seeks to annex parts of West Bank in coordination with U S NBC News Trew Bel 11 September 2019 Devastating Global condemnation after Netanyahu pledges to annex Jordan Valley in occupied West Bank The Independent Retrieved 11 September 2019 Netanyahu s Jordan Valley sovereignty vow widely panned by politicians as spin Times of Israel 11 September 2019 Retrieved 11 September 2019 UNOCHA occupied Palestinian territory Profile OCHA 20 September 2017 Retrieved 11 September 2019 Area C B tselem Retrieved 11 September 2019 What are areas A B and C of the occupied West Bank Aljazeera 11 September 2019 Retrieved 11 September 2019 Breiner Josh 28 February 2019 Hayamin Hehadash Calls to Annex Part of West Bank Grant Citizenship to Palestinian Residents Haaretz Retrieved 9 June 2019 Glick Caroline 24 February 2014 The Israeli solution The Jerusalem Post Retrieved 9 June 2019 The Israeli Right s One State Delusion Israel Policy Forum 24 August 2018 Retrieved 9 June 2019 West Bank annexations must come in context of Palestinian state White House tells Israel Axios April 30 2020 Retrieved April 30 2020 Netanyahu Palestinians in Israeli annexed Jordan Valley won t get citizenship Times of israel May 28 2020 Retrieved June 4 2020 a b Harkov Lahav Lazaroff Tovah Hoffman Gil June 29 2020 Annexation will not happen on July 1 US news The Jerusalem Post Retrieved June 29 2020 a b Kraft Dina 25 March 2019 Haaretz Poll 42 of Israelis Back West Bank Annexation Including Two state Supporters Haaretz Retrieved 9 June 2019 Lapid Yesh Atid party will topple gov t that attempts annexation Jewish Telegraphic Agency 8 June 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2019 Hacohen Gershon 28 May 2019 Annexing Parts of the West Bank Area C An Israeli National Interest Begin Sadat Center for Strategic Studies Retrieved 9 June 2019 Holmes Oliver 9 June 2020 What would Israel annexing the West Bank mean The Guardian Kampeas Ron 7 June 2019 Senators Sanders Warren push resolution decrying PM s West Bank annexation idea Times of Israel Retrieved 9 June 2019 Trump formally recognises Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights Al Jazeera Retrieved March 25 2019 Magid Jacob 19 November 2019 With softening of US settlement policy is annexation train leaving the station Times of Israel Retrieved 20 November 2019 Is the West Bank occupied or disputed territory Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs December 30 2009 Retrieved December 23 2019 Israel s presence in the territory is often incorrectly referred to as an occupation However under international law true occupation occurs only in territories that have been taken from a recognized sovereign Furthermore no sovereign Palestinian state has ever existed neither in the West Bank nor anywhere else As the West Bank had no prior legitimate sovereign under international law these areas cannot be considered as occupied Arab or Palestinian lands and their most accurate description would be that of disputed territories Simon McKenzie 8 November 2019 Disputed Territories and International Criminal Law Israeli Settlements and the International Criminal Court Taylor amp Francis pp 76 ISBN 978 1 00 075805 4 Israeli Settlements and International Law Israeli Embassy in Nigeria Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs Retrieved 21 December 2019 A Look at the West Bank Area Netanyahu Vowed to Annex The New York Times 10 September 2019 Retrieved 12 September 2019 Sherwood Harriet 5 June 2020 Israel s West Bank plans condemned by leading British Jewish figures The Guardian a b c Beaumont Peter Scammell Rosie 29 June 2020 Netanyahu s annexation plan in disarray as Gantz calls for delay The Guardian Brett Wilkins Palestinians file ICC complaint against Trump Kushner and Netanyahu over annexation Mondoweiss 3 July 2020Further reading Articles about West Bank annexation Times of Israel Landsmann Carolina 18 August 2018 How Israeli Right wing Thinkers Envision the Annexation of the West Bank Haaretz Retrieved 9 June 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank amp oldid 1201437449, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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